PENGARUH FLUKTUASI TINGGI MUKA AIR TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN DI SUNGAI DAN RAWA MAHAKAM HULU KALIMANTAN TIMUR

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Kamaluddin Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa fluktuasi tinggi muka air (TMA dapat mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan ikan di perairan sungai dan rawa namun tidak terhadap semua jenis ikan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hasil tangkapan jenis ikan sungai dan rawa sungai Mahakam yang mendapat pengaruh fluktuasi TMA dan jenis ikan yang tidak mendapatkan pengaruh langsung oleh fluktuasi TMA. Data mengenai hasil tangkapan ikan yang berasal dari alat tangkap pancing dan jaring diperoleh melalui enumerator di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI Selili Kota Samarinda pada periode 2007-2012, sedangkan nilai rata-rata Tinggi Muka Air (TMA DAS Mahakam secara bulanan diperlukan sebagai salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan beberapa jenis ikan sungai dan rawa. Data dianalisis dengan metode regresi linear sederhana dan penentuan perbedaan hasil tangkapan pada musim hujan, peralihan dan kemarau dilakukan dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan berkorelasi kuat (r=0,7 terhadap Tinggi Muka air (TMA dengan arah hubungan negatif atau berkebalikan, yakni semakin tinggi nilai TMA maka hasil tangkapan semakin rendah. Jenis ikan sungai dan rawa seperti patin, nila, sepat siam (Trichogaster pectoralis, lais dan betok (Anabas testudineus merupakan jenis ikan yang hasil tangkapannya dipengaruhi secara signifikan (P0,05 oleh fluktuasi TMA.   Some studies have showed that water level fluctuation may have a significant correlation to the catch of several commercial fish target in inland fishery and does not influence directly the cath of some commercial fish. This study aimed to determine which species are directly influenced and such species not inluenced by water level fluctuation for its catches. Catch data obtained from hand line and gill net are recorded by enumerators at Fish Landing Sites of Selili, Samarinda during the period of 2007-2012, while the data of surface water

UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN AIR AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN EMAS DI SUNGAI KAHAYAN

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Mrs. Heriamariaty

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The absence of Public Mining Area and continued use of mercury is responsible for the illegal gold mining and water pollution in Kahayan river. Efforts must be made to avoid and overcome environmental impact by strengthening coordination in central and regional level; empowering local community; and imposing sanction as law enforcement method. Belum adanya Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat serta penggunaan merkuri mendorong terjadinya penambangan emas tanpa izin dan pencemaran air di Sungai Kahayan. Untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi pencemaran ini diperlukan koordinasi di tingkat pusat dan daerah; penyuluhan dan pendekatan di bidang sosial, ekonomi, budaya, hukum, dan teknologi; serta penegakan hukum secara tegas melalui penerapan sanksi.

PETA KENDALI X DENGAN UKURAN SAMPEL DAN INTERVAL PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL YANG BERVARIASI

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Tanti Octavia

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Shewhart X chart is widely used in statistical process control for monitoring variable data and has shown good performance in detecting large mean shift but less sensitive in detecting moderate to small process shift. X chart with variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI X chart is proposed to enhance the ability of detecting moderate to small process shift. The performance of VSSI X chart is compared with those of Shewhart X chart, VSS X chart (Variable Sample Size X chart and VSI X chart (Variable Sampling Interval X chart. Performance of these control charts is presented in the form of ATS (Average Time to Signal which is obtained from computer simulation and markov chain approach. The VSSI X chart shows better performance in detecting moderate mean shift. The simulation is then continued for VSSI X chart and VSS X chart with minimum sample size n 1=1 and n 1=2. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Peta kendali X Shewhart telah umum digunakan dalam pengendalian proses statistis untuk data variabel dan terbukti berfungsi dengan baik untuk mendeteksi pergeseran rerata yang besar, namun kurang cepat dalam mendeteksi pergeseran rerata yang sedang hingga kecil. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini, diusulkan penggunaan peta kendali X dengan ukuran sampel dan interval pengambilan sampel yang bervariasi (peta kendali VSSI. Kinerja peta kendali X VSSI dibandingkan dengan kinerja peta kendali Shewhart, peta kendali X VSS (peta kendali X dengan ukuran sampel yang bervariasi, dan peta kendali X VSI (peta kendali X dengan interval waktu pengambilan sampel yang bervariasi. Kinerja peta kendali dinyatakan dalam nilai ATS (Average Time to Signal yang didapatkan dari hasil simulasi program komputer maupun perhitungan Rantai Markov. Peta kendali X VSSI terbukti mempunyai kinerja yang lebih baik dalam mendeteksi pergeseran rerata yang sedang. Selain itu juga disimulasikan penggunaan peta kendali X VSSI dan peta kendali X VSS dengan ukuran sampel minimum n1=1 dan n1

Iktiofauna Sungai Sangkir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau (Ichthyofauna of Sangkir River, Rokan Hulu District Riau Province

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Nunuk Dian Pranata

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri river Sangkir village, Rokan Hulu district, Riau Province from May of July 2016. The aim of this study was to inventory the fish species in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri River with direct observation (survey. Five sampling locations were determined purposely based on the environmental condition that could be represented by the river condition. A total of 288 individuals of fish belonging to 3 orders, 7 families, 13 genera and 16 species were recorded in this study, namely Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis, Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus and Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae was the most abundance fish in this study. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di sungai Sangkir, anak sungai Rokan Kiri, desa Sangkir, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, Provinsi Riau pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis ikan di sungai Sangkir anak Sungai Rokan Kiri dengan metode pengamatan langsung (survei dengan penetapan stasiun pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Penetapan stasiun berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan yang terdiri dari 5 stasiun penelitian. Hasil penelitian  didapatkan sebanyak 288 individu ikan yang terdiri dari 3 ordo, 7 famili 13 genus dan 16 spesies. Spesies yang didapatkan yaitu Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus dan Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae merupakan kelompok ikan yang paling banyak dalam penelitian ini.

APLIKASI MODEL QUAL2Kw UNTUK MENENTUKAN STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI GAJAHWONG YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH BAHAN ORGANIK (Aplication of Qual2Kw Model to Determine the Strategy in Solving Gajahwong River Water Pollution Caused by Organic Matter

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Agnes Dyah Novitasari Lestari

2013-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan pemodelan kualitas air terhadap Sungai Gajahwong menggunakan model QUAL2Kw untuk parameter DO-BOD. Diselidiki dinamika DO-BOD sungai tersebut pada kondisi eksisting tahun 2011. Oleh karena beban pencemar pada kondisi hujan dan tanpa hujan berbeda, maka prediksi dilakukan pada kedua kondisi tersebut. Hasil pemodelan QUAL2Kw untuk kondisi eksisting Sungai Gajahwong tahun 2011 menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi hujan dan tanpa hujan, konsentrasi BOD sungai telah melebihi bakumutu air kelas II. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa (1 Pembangunan perumahan yang membuang limbah cairnya ke Sungai Gajahwong pada debit total 0,1 m3/s dengan konsentrasi BOD 10 mg/L dapat meningkatkan BOD serta menurunkan DO Sungai Gajahwong, dan (2 Pengelolaan kualitas air dan penanggulangan pencemaran air oleh bahan organik pada Sungai Gajahwong dapat dilakukan dengan strategi pembuatan IPAL komunal di setiap kabupaten dengan penurunan konsentrasi BOD hulu hingga 2 mg/L.   ABSTRACT Water quality modelling of Gajahwong River has been done using QUAL2Kw model for DO-BOD parameters. The dynamics of DO-BOD of the river on the existing conditions in 2011 has been investigated. Because of  the load of pollutants in the rainy condition and no rain condition was different, then the predictions made on both conditions. QUAL2Kw modelling results for Gajahwong River in year 2011 showed that the BOD concentration of the river on both conditions has exceeded water quality standards class II. The simulation results showed that: (1 Housing construction that discharge its liquid waste into Gajahwong River on total discharge 0,1 m3/s with concentration of BOD 10 mg/L, increased the BOD and decreased the DO of Gajahwong River, and (2 Water quality management and organic pollution control of Gajahwong River can be done by a strategy of making communal WWTP in each district with reduction of the upstream BOD concentration to 2 mg /L.

PENGELOLAAN SUNGAI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI DAERAH LERENG SELATAN GUNUNGAPI MERAPI (River Management Based on Local Community in the Southern Slope of Marapi Volcano

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Darmakusuma Darmanto

2013-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Dalam kehidupan manusia, ternyata ada hubungan yang saling terkait antara manusia dengan sungai. Manusia memerlukan sungai untuk mendukung keperluan dan aktivitasnya, sebaliknya keberadaan sungai juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia. Dalam memanfaatkan dan memelihara sungai tidak terlepas dari pemanfaatan air di dalam sungai dan alur sungainya. Dalam memgelola sungai tidak terpisahkan antara pengelolaan air sungai dan alur sungainya. Hal tersebut juga tergantung dari karakteristik sungai dan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat. Penelitian yang dilakukan di lereng selatan Gunungapi Merapi dengan cara survei di lapangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan masyarakat. Selanjutnya dikuti dengan analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Sungai sungai besar di daerah penelitian telah dikelola oleh pemerintah, sedangkan masyarakat lebih berperan kepada pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan sungai kecil. Berbagai penggunaan dilakukan terhadap sungai-sungai kecil, untuk keperluan rumah tangga, irigasi dan perikanan. Teknik pengambilan dan pemanfaatan air dilakukan dengan cara sederhana dengan beaya yang relatif murah, tetapi tetap mengedepankan azas kebersamaan dan keadilan. Pemeliharaan terhadap alur sungai terhadap kerusakkan lingkungan dilakukan berdasarkan atas kesadaran untuk keberlangsungan lingkungan dengan yang dilakukan secara perorangan dan berkelompok. Dalam pemeliharaan dikedepankan asas kegotongroyongan tanpa mengabaikan budaya masyarakat setempat. ABSTRACT In human life, there was a relationship between human activities with rivers. Humans need rivers to support their need and their activities; otherwise the existence of rivers can also be affected by human activities. The management of river cannot be separated from managing water in the river and its channels. It also depends on rivers characteristics as well as social and culture of the community. This research was conducted in the southern slopes of

Analisis Keuntungan USAha Ternak Sapi Potong Kelompok USAha Bersama di Desa Sungai Kakap Dusun Cendrawasih Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya

OpenAIRE

Gunawan, Oktavio; Muani, Ani; Maswadi, Maswadi

2013-01-01

Oktavio Gunawan, 2013. Analisis Keuntungan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong Kelompok Usaha Bersama Di Desa Sungai Kakap Dusun Cendrawasih Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Beternak sapi di Desa Sungai Kakap Dusun Cendrawasih merupakan bagian kehidupan bermasyarakat yang telah menyatu secara sosial dan budaya. Sapi digunakan sebagai alat untuk tabungan karena masyarakat di Desa Sungai Kakap Dusun Cendrawasih menjadikan sapi sebagai tabungan dengan cara memelihara sapi tanpa mempunyai rencana...

Penduga Rataan Geometrik pada Sampel Himpunan Terurut untuk Distribusi Normal

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Sukma Adi Perdana

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Pada kajian ini, dikembangkan sebuah estimator atau penduga untuk rataan geometrik pada desain sampel himpunan terurut. Sampel himpunan terurut adalah sekolompok unit sampel yang diambil dari populasi dimana anggota populasinya diurutkan sebelumnya berdasarkan variabel tertentu yang memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan populasi yang dibicarakan sebelum pengukuran yang nyata terhadap anggota populasi yang dibicarakan dimana hal ini akan mengurangi biaya dan waktu perhitungan. Kajian dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi bias dan efisiensi relatif dari penduga rataan geometrik yang dikembangkan dan perbandingan efisiensi relatif dilakukan untuk data dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penduga pada sampel himpunan terurut mengungguli penduga pada sampel acak sederhana.

Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Share Dalam Materi Usaha Dan Energi Ditinjau Dari Gender Siswa Kelas Xi Ipa Sma Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang

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Ira Nofita Sari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi ditinjau dari gender siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dan hasil belajar siswa perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan bentuk penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Pre-Eksperimental Designs dengan rancangan penelitian The One-Shot Case Study.Sampel yang digunakan ialah kelas XI IPA 1 yang diambil secara purposive sampling.. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pengukuran dengan alat pengumpul data berupa tes yang berbentuk essay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: (1 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,715 > 0,05. (2 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,185 > 0,05. (3 Terdapat perbedaan antara rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,101 > 0,05.

Salinity intrusion modeling for Sungai Selangor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohamed Roseli Zainal Abidin; Abd Jalil Hassan; Suriyani Awang; Liew Yuk San; Norbaya Hashim

2006-01-01

Salinity intrusion into estuary of the Sungai Selangor has been carried out on a hydrodynamic numerical modeling to access the parameter that governed the amount of salt in the river. Issues such as water pollution and extraction of water from Sungai Selangor system has been said to be the cause of fading fireflies. The berembang trees on the river bank that become the fireflies habitat need some amount of salt for proper growth. Living at the lower reaches of Sungai Selangor, the fireflies are affected not only by the activities in their vicinity, but by activities in the entire river basin. Rapid economic development in the basin and the strong demand for the water resources puts pressure on the ecosystem. This research has been carried out to investigate the effect of water extraction along Sungai Selangor towards altering the amount of salt content in the river. The hydrodynamic modeling with regards to the salt content is expected to support long term assessment that may affect the berembang trees as a result of changes in the flow from upstream because of the water abstraction activity for domestic water supply. (Author)

Kualitas Perairan Sungai Musi di Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan

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Yuanita Windusari

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan Sungai Musi di perairanKelurahan 5 Ulu (titik 1 pada ordinat  02o59’41.2”S dan 104o 45’39.3’’E dan 7 Ulu (Titik 2 pada ordinat 02o59’39.3’’S dan 104o45’42.1’’E di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu IKota Palembang. Parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan diukur di lapangan dan di laboratorium. Hasil menunjukkan kualitas perairan Sungai Musi untuk nilai-nilai dari beberapa parameter kimia seperti amonia, sulfida, besi, mangan, klorida lebih tinggi dari standar nilai yang diperbolehkan dalam suatu perairan sungai. Total colifrom sebesar 2400 koloni/100 ml  pada di Titik 1 juga melebihi batas kelayakan untuk nilai total coliform di perairan sungai.Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat dinyatakan kualitasperairan Sungai Musi, khususnya di lokasi sampling tidak layak digunakan untuk konsumsi karena terindikasi tercemar polutan dari industri dan feses.

Model Pembatasan Beban Pencemar Untuk Pengelolaan Kualitas Sungai Citarum

OpenAIRE

harsono, eko

2002-01-01

Daerah tangkapan (DAS) Citarum hulu mempunyai luas sekitar 177.100 ha, meli-puti kota Bandung dan kabupaten Bandung yang terletak di danau tua. Sungai Ci-tarum selain kegunaannya sebagai buangan limbah pabrik dan penduduk disekitar sungai, juga berfungsi sebagai penggerak listrik dan perikanan (jarring apung) di waduk Saguling dihilinya. Oleh karena kompleksnya pemanfaatan sungai ini, maka diperlukan suatu pendekatan pengelolaan di DAS Citarum tersebut. Penelitian ini tujuannya adalah untuk m...

HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU TAPAN DENGAN BAHASA KERINCI SUNGAI PENUH

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Yessy Prima Putri

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Fokus penelitian ini pada kajian Fonologi dan Leksikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kedekatan fonetis, leksikal dan melihat tingkat kekerabatan Bahasa Minangkabau Tapan dan Bahasa Kerinci Sungai Penuh menggunakan pendekatan leksikostatistik. Penelitian ini melihat sejauh mana kedua bahasa ini berkerabat dikarenakan kedekatan jarak, tetapi beda provinsi.             Data diambil dari 200 kata Swadesh dan beberapa kata tambahan yang telah ditranskripsi ke dalam Bahasa Minangkabau Tapan dan Bahasa Kerinci Sungai Penuh. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan Bahasa Minangkabau Tapan dan Bahasa Kerinci Sungai Penuh memiliki tingkat kemiripan fonologi dan leksikal yang sangat dekat, menurut perhitungan leksikostatistik tingkat kekerabatan Bahasa Minangkabau Tapan dengan Bahasa Kerinci Sungai Penuh adalah 92,16%, persentase ini cukup besar dan dapat diklasifikasikan Bahasa Minangkabau Tapan dan Bahasa Kerinci Sungai Penuh masuk dalam katagori dialek bahasa (dialect of languages.

Hydraulic Study For Kuala Sungai Kemaman

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siti Aishah Hashim

2006-01-01

Hydraulic study for Kuala Sungai Kemaman is carried out to determine the cause of sedimentation at the river mouth and erosion of the shoreline south of the Kuala Sungai Kemaman. Computer model MIKE 21 is used in this study. The modeling work consist of setting up the model area, calibration and verification of the model, sedimentation study and review several alternatives and chose the most suitable one to solve the sedimentation and erosion problem. (Author)

MENGENAL ARSITEKTUR LOKAL: KONSTRUKSI RUMAH KAYU DI TEPIAN SUNGAI KAPUAS, PONTIANAK

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Lestari .

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Keberadaan sungai Kapuas sebagai sumber kehidupan dan jalur transportasi air, memunculkan permukiman-permukiman di tepian sungai Kapuas.Rumah-rumah yang berada di pemukiman tepian sungai Kapuas umumnya didirikan langsung di tepian sungai Kapuas.Rumah tersebut sebagian besar berupa rumah kayu yang terhubung dengan gertak-gertak sebagai jalur penghubung antar rumah.Konstruksi rumah kayu ini menarik untuk diamati mengingat keadaan tepian sungai perlu diselesaikan oleh bangunan agar tetap bertahan.Tulisan ini memaparkan kontruksi rumah kayu pada salah satu kasus daerah tepian sungai kapuas. Daerah kasus yang diambil adalah Kelurahan Bansir Laut, Kecamatan Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak.Dalam tulisan ini dipaparkan konstruksi kayu berdasarkan bagian-bagian rumah mulai dari pondasi, rangka, dinding, sampai atap.Terdapat beberapa tipe konstruksi pada kasus yang diteliti.Pertimbangan umum terletak pada kemudahan konstruksi, tampilan atau fasad dan lokasi keberadaan rumah   The existence of the Kapuas river as a source of life and water transportation, led to settlements growth on side the Kapuas river. The houses are located on side Kapuas river are generally directly constructed at the river. The houses  mostly made of wood which connected by wooden bridge as connecting lines between houses. Construction of wooden houseis interesting to be identifiedbecause the building must bedurable with the condition around the river. This paper describes the wooden houses construction in one case area of the Kapuas riverside. Case study is taken at Kelurahan Bansir Laut, South East Pontianak District. In this paper described the wooden construction : the foundation, frame, wall, and the roof. There are several types of construction in the cases studied. General considerations is the ease of construction, appearance or facade and location of the house. REFERENCES Abdurachman., Nurwati Hadjib. (2006. Pemanfaatan Kayu Hutan Rakyat Untuk Komponen Bangunan

Pengaruh Holding Time Terhadap Kekeruhan Pada Sampel Air Sungai Babura Dengan Metode Turbidimetri

OpenAIRE

Ashari, Dian

2010-01-01

Turbidity define the water optic determined based on amount of lihgts absorbed by materials in water. Turbidity caused by organic and inorganic materials which suspended and solved (such as mud and smooth sand), also organic and inorganic materials which in form of plankton and other microorganism. In this case, I study about holding time influence to turbidity, on trial this show very influencing a period of holding time to turbidity. Where a period of holding time at maximum turbidity sampl...

Pengembangan Transportasi Sungai Kota Semarang Sebagai Transportasi Perintis Tujuan Wisata Air (Studi Kasus Kanal Banjir Barat Kota Semarang

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Ismiyati Ismiyati

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Perkembangan pariwisata di kota Semarang ditandai dengan tersedianya fasilitas shuttle bus gratis. Rute shuttle bus tersebut melewati rute Kuliner Pekunden, Pusat oleh-oleh Pandanaran, Gedung Lawang Sewu dan Daerah Kota Lama Semarang.Sejak tahun 2012, wisata di tepi Sungai Kanal Banjir Barat mulai dikembangkan pemerintah Kota Semarang. Namun, sampai saat ini Kanal Banjir Barat hanya difungsikan sebagai sungai pengendali banjir, sehingga fungsi pariwisatanya belum optimal seperti objek wisata lain di Kota Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan transportasi wisata air, khususnya di Kanal Banjir Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Metode kuantitatif penentuan alur pelayaran menggunakan analisis hidrologi dan simulasi hidrolika sungai dengan program HEC-RAS. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa lokasi pengembangan transportasi untuk wisata air di Kanal Banjir Barat akan efektif jika berada diantara Bendung Simongan hingga muara Kanal Banjir Barat. Tipe angkutan wisata yang ideal adalah menggunakan 2 kapal speedboat terbuka dengan dimensi panjang 8 m, lebar 2,2 m, dan draft 0,4 m. Biaya Operasional Kapal per tahun untuk 8 trip per hari dan biaya pengelolaannya adalah sebesar Rp 901,2 juta dengan estimasi tarif per orang sebesar untuk Rp 17.070,- per trip.  [Title: River Transportation Development of Semarang City for Water Tourism: A Case Study West Flood Canal] Tourism development of Semarang city is identified by the facilities of free shuttle bus. The shuttle bus service passes through Pekunden culinary route, a central souvenir of Pandanaran, Lawang Sewu and Old City of Semarang. Since 2012, local government has developed riverside tourism object of the West Flood Canal Semarang. However, until then the West Flood Canal only was functioned as flood control. Thus, the tourism function is not optimum as other tourism attractions in Semarang city. This research aims

PEMERIKSAAN BAKTERI LEPTOSPIRA PADA SAMPEL DARAH MANUSIA SUSPECT LEPTOSPIROSIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

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Sefrita Tri Utami

2014-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, which is caused by leptospira. Leptospirosis cases often show no specificclinical symptoms and is difficult to diagnose without testing samples in the laboratory. Testing using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction is considered more accurate than the other methods. Components required in theexamination Leptospira bacteria in human blood samples using PCR method is DNA template, DNA polymeraseenzyme, forward primer (PU1 and SU1 and reverse primer (Lep R1, nuclease free water, Mg 2 +, and dNTPs.Examination of Leptospira bacteria in human blood samples include sampling, DNA isolation, examination byPCR, and electrophoresis running.Key words: leptospirosis, Leptospira, PCR methodsABSTRAKLeptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira. Kasus leptospirosis seringtidak menunjukkan gejala klinis yang spesifik dan sulit didiagnosis tanpa pengujian sampel di laboratorium.Pengujian dengan menggunakan metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction dinilai lebih akurat dibandingkandengan metode yang lain. Komponen-komponen yang dibutuhkan dalam pemeriksaan bakteri Leptospira padasampel darah manusia menggunakan metode PCR adalah DNA template, enzim polymerase, Primer PU 1 danPrimer SU 1, Primer Lep R1, air, Mg2+ , dan dNTP. Pemeriksaan bakteri Leptospira pada sampel darah manusiameliputi pengambilan sampel, isolasi DNA, pemeriksaan dengan metode PCR, dan running elektroforesis.Kata kunci: leptospirosis, Leptospira, metode PCR

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PETERNAKAN KERBAU RAWA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN

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Alpianor Alpianor; Danang Biyatmoko; Hafizianor Hafizianor; Muhammad Husaini

2017-01-01

This study aims to: 1) analyze the management of swamp buffalo husbandry in Hulu Sungai Selatan, and 2) formulate the strategies for developing swamp-buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. The research was conducted in four villages, namely: Desa Bajayau Tengah in Kecamatan of Western Daha, Desa Pandak Daun, Desa Hakurung and Desa Hamayung in Kecamatan Daha Utara, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, South Kalimantan province from April to July 2016. To investigate the manageme...

Stochastic modeling for river pollution of Sungai Perlis

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Yunus, Nurul Izzaty Mohd.; Rahman, Haliza Abd.; Bahar, Arifah

2015-01-01

River pollution has been recognized as a contributor to a wide range of health problems and disorders in human. It can pose health dangers to humans who come into contact with it, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, it is most important to measure the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as a water quality parameter since the parameter has long been the basic means for determining the degree of water pollution in rivers. In this study, BOD is used as a parameter to estimate the water quality at Sungai Perlis. It has been observed that Sungai Perlis is polluted due to lack of management and improper use of resources. Therefore, it is of importance to model the Sungai Perlis water quality in order to describe and predict the water quality systems. The BOD concentration secondary data set is used which was extracted from the Drainage and Irrigation Department Perlis State website. The first order differential equation from Streeter – Phelps model was utilized as a deterministic model. Then, the model was developed into a stochastic model. Results from this study shows that the stochastic model is more adequate to describe and predict the BOD concentration and the water quality systems in Sungai Perlis by having smaller value of mean squared error (MSE)

Stochastic modeling for river pollution of Sungai Perlis

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Yunus, Nurul Izzaty Mohd.; Rahman, Haliza Abd. [Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Bahar, Arifah [UTM-Centre of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (UTM-CIAM) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia)

2015-02-03

River pollution has been recognized as a contributor to a wide range of health problems and disorders in human. It can pose health dangers to humans who come into contact with it, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, it is most important to measure the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as a water quality parameter since the parameter has long been the basic means for determining the degree of water pollution in rivers. In this study, BOD is used as a parameter to estimate the water quality at Sungai Perlis. It has been observed that Sungai Perlis is polluted due to lack of management and improper use of resources. Therefore, it is of importance to model the Sungai Perlis water quality in order to describe and predict the water quality systems. The BOD concentration secondary data set is used which was extracted from the Drainage and Irrigation Department Perlis State website. The first order differential equation from Streeter – Phelps model was utilized as a deterministic model. Then, the model was developed into a stochastic model. Results from this study shows that the stochastic model is more adequate to describe and predict the BOD concentration and the water quality systems in Sungai Perlis by having smaller value of mean squared error (MSE)

POLA PERMUKIMAN TEPIAN AIR, STUDI KASUS: DESA SEPUK LAUT, PUNGUR BESAR DAN TANJUNG SALEH KECAMATAN SUNGAI KAKAP, KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

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Jawas Dwijo Putro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Proses terbentuknya lingkungan permukiman dimungkinkan karena adanya proses penciptaan lingkungan hunian sebagai wadah fungsional yang menampung segala kebutuhan manusia dan dilandasi oleh pola aktifitas serta merupakan hasil interaksi antara manusia atau kelompok masyarakat dengan setting (rona lingkungan baik bersifat fisik maupun non fisik (sosial budaya. Manusia dalam menempati lingkungan huniannya disesuaikan dengan preferensi lingkungan yang menyangkut pemahaman karakteristik alam dan manusia serta hubungan timbal baliknya. Penyesuaian ini memunculkan konsep bermukim yang memperlihatkan cara masyarakat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dan membentuk pola permukiman. Seperti halnya yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini dengan mengambil kasus masyarakat di tiga desa yaitu ; Desa Sepuk Laut, Desa Tanjung Saleh, dan Desa Punggur Besar Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya, yang beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dan membentuk pola pemukiman pada kawasan tepian air. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pola permukiman yang terbentuk pada tiga desa diatas mengacu pada tahapan perkembangan kawasan pinggiran sungai atau air, struktur pola permukiman kawasan yang linier, orientasi kearah tepian air, kepadatan dan kualitas bangunan, serta topografi tepian air   The process of settlements formation was possibly made by the process of creating dwelling environment as a functional space that accommodate all human needs, These condition are based on the patterns of activity and interaction between people or society with the their environmen setting; both physical and non-physical (social and cultural. In occupied their environment, humans are adapt  to the  environment  preferences  concerning their understanding  to  the natural  characteristics  and  vice-versa.  This adaptation  led to  the concept of  living  that shows  how  people adapt  to the environment  and  creating  their settlement patterns. This study used case

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PETERNAKAN KERBAU RAWA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN

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Alpianor Alpianor

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This study aims to: 1 analyze the management of swamp buffalo husbandry in Hulu Sungai Selatan, and 2 formulate the strategies for developing swamp-buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. The research was conducted in four villages, namely: Desa Bajayau Tengah in Kecamatan of Western Daha, Desa Pandak Daun, Desa Hakurung and Desa Hamayung in Kecamatan Daha Utara, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, South Kalimantan province from April to July 2016. To investigate the management of swamp-buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, a descriptive analysis is used by interviewing the farmers and the government concerning the capacity of farmers, the capacity of facilities, and the capacity of management. To find out the strategies needed in developing swamp-buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, the combination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT analysis with analytical hierarchy process (AHP was applied. The management of swamp buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan in relation to the existing management capacity has not been implemented properly. The management capacity could be developed through non-formal education, such as training and counseling to farmers through the group of farmers because they were supported by a the capacity of farmers. such as age, experience and business scale which were quite good as well as the improvement of education and the farmer responsibilities; and b the capacity of facilities such as the buffalo grass feed, marketing, pretty good institutions as well as the improved buffalo seeds and the swamp- buffalo stall/latch. The strategies for swamp-buffalo husbandry in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan recommended the strategy of strengths - opportunities (SO. The strategies that can be done are to increase the population of swamp buffaloes supported by technologies for breeding, feeding, management and marketing and agro-tourism development by empowering

PENATAAN TEPIAN SUNGAI CENRANAE DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKOLOGIS DI KOTA SENGKANG

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Sri Setianingsih

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstrak—Tepian Sungai adalah salah satu ruang kota yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai wadah untuk beragam aktifitas masyarakat kota. Pemanfaatan tepian sungai sudah banyak mengalami perubahan fisik. Sehingga menyebabkan adanya perubahan nilai lingkungan yang semakin tidak teratur. Sekarang ini banyak kota-kota di Indonesia menerapkan aspek Ekologis sebagai salah satu aspek terpenting dalam sebuah perancangan sebuah ruang kota. Dengan pendekatan ekologis terhadap gagasan konsep perancangan kota yang di terapkan pada tepian Sungai Cenranae di harapkan mampu menjadi ruang kota yang berwawasan lingkungan dan memiliki nilai Eco-Sustainable pada kota Sengkang. Kata Kunci : Ruang Kota, Tepian Sungai, Ekologi Abstract— The banks of the river is one of spaces that is often used as a place for a variety of urban community activities. Utilization of the riverbank has undergone many physical changes. In order to cause a change in the environmental value increasing irregularly. Today many cities in Indonesia applying Ecological aspects as one of the most important aspects in designing of an urban space . With an ecological approach to the idea of urban design concept is applied to the banks of the River Cenranae expected to become environmentally sound urban space and has a value of Eco -Sustainable in Sengkang city Key Word : City Hall, River Bank, Ecology

PERBEDAAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN METODE SIANMETHEMOGLOBIN DENGAN DAN TANPA SENTRIFUGASI PADA SAMPEL LEUKOSITOSIS

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wahdah norsiah

2015-12-01

hemoglobin levels over the patient's clinical condition. Keywords: sianmethemoglobin methods, centrifugation, leukocytosis Abstrak: Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin metode sianmethemoglobin dipengaruhi leukositosis yang menyebabkan pengukuran absorban meningkat signifikan dan kadar hemoglobin meningkat palsu maka sampel darah yang sudah diencerkan dengan larutan Drabkins di sentrifugasi 3000 rpm selama 10 menit kemudian absorban supernatant diukur dengan fotometer pada λ 546 nm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin metode siamethemoglobin dengan dan tanpa sentrifugasi pada sampel leukositosis. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian observasional laboratorik. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian diambil dari sisa sampel darah pasien yang sudah diperiksa jumlah leukositnya lebih dari 20.000/µL dengan Hematology Analyzer (CEL-DYN Ruby Pebruari-April 2014, dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan kriteria jumlah leukosit yaitu kelompok 1. 20.000/µL-29.999/µL, kelompok II. 30.000/µL-39.999/µL, kelompok III. 40.000/µL-49,999/µL, kelompok IV. Lebih dari 50.000/µL. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 20 sampel setiap kelompok, jumlah sampel seluruhnya 80 sampel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna kadar hemoglobin metode siamethemoglobin dengan dan tanpa sentrifugasi pada sampel leukositosis dengan nilai p = 0,000 lebih kecil dari α 0,05. Kekeruhan leukositosis berpengaruh terhadap selisih kadar hemoglobin dengan dan tanpa sentrifugasi, semakin tinggi jumlah leukosit semakin besar selisih kadar hemoglobin, hasil penelitian pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin berdasarkan kriteria jumlah leukosit diperoleh selisih kadar hemoglobin dengan dan tanpa sentrifugasi pada kelompok I. 0,22 ± 0,07 g/dL, kelompok II 0,40 ± 0,22 g/dL, kelompok III. 0,44 ± 0,14 g/dL,kelompok IV. 0,85 ± 0,41 g/dL. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin metode sianmethemoglobin pada sampel leukositosis dengan jumlah

IDENTIFIKASI IKAN SAPU-SAPU (Loricariidae) BERDASARKAN KARAKTER POLA ABDOMENDI PERAIRAN CILIWUNG

OpenAIRE

Fatihah Dinul Qoyyimah; Dewi Elfidasari; Melta Rini Fahmi

2016-01-01

Ikan sapu-sapu (Loricariidae) merupakan invasive species yang terdapat pada beberapa negara, salah satunyaIndonesia. Ikan tersebut dapat ditemukan pada sungai Ciliwung. Bagian hilir dari sungai tersebut adalah Kota Jakarta.Ikan sapu-sapu yang terdapat di Indonesia termasuk pada Genus Pterygoplichthys. Genus Pterygoplichthys masihsulit dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ikantersebut adalah melihat pola abdomen. Sampel yang digu...

Analisis Potensi Sumberdaya Air Daerah Aliran Sungai Singkil Menggunakan Model Tangki

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Mustafril Mustafril

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak. Kebutuhan air terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk, sedangkan air yang tersedia tidak selalu sejalan antara kebutuhannya menurut volume, tempat, waktu dan kualitasnya. Model-model hidrologi berdasarkan Tank Model telah dikembangkan dalam penelitian di Indonesia dan di dunia untuk memprediksi potensi sumberdaya air dalam suatu DAS. Optimasi parameter Tank Model dapat menggunakan Artificial Neural Network (ANN yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk belajar dari data dan tidak membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mencapai model optimal. Tujuan analisis ini untuk menentukan seberapa besar potensi sumberdaya air di DAS Singkil berdasarkan optimasi parameter Tank Model. Hasil optimasi keseimbangan air parameter Tank Model DAS Singkil meliputi: karakteristik hidrologi DAS Singkil meliputi debit minimum 3,60 mm/hari, debit maksimum 17,80 mm/hari, dan rasio debit maksimum/minimum 4,94. Indikator kesalahan Tank Model DAS Singkil meliputi: R (Coefficient of Correlation sebesar 0,6471, MAE (Mean Absolute Error dan RMSE (Root Square Mean Error masing-masing 2,18 dan 2,73. Total inflow 3.189,48 mm/tahun dan total outflow 3.155,64 mm/tahun, yang terdiri dari: surface flow 11,75 mm/tahun, subsurface flow 669,84 mm/tahun, intermediate flow 62,05 mm/tahun, subbase flow 0,74 mm/tahun, dan base flow 2.411,26 mm/tahun. Berdasarkan total baseflow volume ketersediaan air total yang mengalir di Sungai Singkil mencapai 12.164 x 106 m3/tahun. Potensi sumberdaya air DAS Singkil untuk keperluan pertanian mencapai 3.438,4 x 106 m3/tahun   Analysis of Potential Water Resources at Singkil Watershed using Tank Model Abstract. Water demand continues to increase as the population growth, while the availability of water is not always consistent with the needs in terms of volume, place, time and its quality. Tank based hydrological models have been developed in many researches in Indonesia and in the world to predict the potential of water resources in a watershed. The

PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH DOMESTIK BERBASIS KOMUNITAS DI KAWASAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI TAWING: Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Trenggalek

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Windiani Windiani

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Penelitian tentang pengelolaan limbah domestik berbasis komunitas Di kawasan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Tawing ini didasarkan pada fenomena bencana banjir yang terjadi hampir setiap tahun. Faktor penyebabnya tidak hanya karena faktor alam namun juga disebabkan adanya penurunan daya resap dan pendangkalan sungai di berbagai daerah. Hal ini terkait juga dengan kebiasaan, kesadaran, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap lingkungan yang masih rendah. Sebagian masyarakat di kawasan daerah aliran sungai Tawing masih membuang limbah domestiknya, baik kotoran maupun sampah rumah tangga ke sungai. Hal ini lebih disebabkan persepsi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat bahwa sungai berfungsi sebagai halaman belakang (backyard sehingga sungai digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan limbah. Di sisi lain keberadaan komunitas pemuda pecinta lingkungan di daerah di Kabupaten Trenggalek berdampak positif jika peran dan kapasitas komunitas tersebut dikembangkan terutama terkait dengan upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam mengelola limbah domestiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan limbah domestik yang dilakukan adalah aplikasi 3R (Reuse, Reduce dan Recycle dengan kelompok sasaran: komunitas Ibu rumah tangga, Komunitas Petani, komunitas Guru dan pendamping dan Komunitas pemuda karang taruna. Strategi yang dikembangkan dalam pengelolaan limbah domestik meliputi: Perencanaan dan Program Pengembangan, Penguatan kelembagaan dan Pengembangan jaringan dan kerjasama. Hingga saat ini pengolahan limbah domestik menjadi pupuk organik, larangan meracuni sungai Tawing dan pemberian sanksi kepada masyarakat yang membuang sampah merupakan program yang sudah berjalan, namun dipandang perlu untuk dikembangkan dengan sasaran wilayah yang lebih luas. Sosialisasi secara intens dan pendampingan kepada kelompok sasaran perlu terus dilakukan agar terjadi keberlanjutan program.

Studi Angkutan Sedimen Sudetan Pelangwot-Sedayu Lawas Sungai Bengawan Solo

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Chandra Murprabowo Mudjib

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Sungai Bengawan Solo merupakan salah satu sungai terpanjang di Indonesia yang mengalir mulai dari area hulu di Kabupaten Wonogiri dan Ponorogo hingga ke area hilir di Kabupaten Gresik. Perubahan fungsi lahan di area hulu dan peningkatan debit yang melalui Sungai Bengawan Solo membuat banjir terjadi di area hilir sungai yakni di Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan Kabupaten Gresik. Sudetan Pelangwot sepanjang 13 km merupakan saluran yang dibuat untuk mengurangi debit banjir yang terjadi dengan mengalirkannya ke laut Jawa. Namun dikarenakan pendangkalan yang terjadi akibat sedimentasi, kapasitas Sudetan Pelangwot dalam mengalirkan debit menurun. Tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa sedimentasi yang terjadi pada sudetan Pelangwot dengan menggunakan program bantu HEC-RAS 4.1.0 Konsep yang digunakan dalam pengerjaan tugas akhir ini adalah dengan memodelkan Sudetan Pelangwot menggunakan program HEC-RAS 4.1.0 kemudian melakukan simulasi aliran sudetan untuk mengetahui sedimentasi yang terjadi. Dari hasil simulasi yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan program HEC-RAS 4.1.0 diketahui perkiraan volume sedimentasi yang terjadi di sudetan selama musim penghujan dari tanggal 1 Desember 2010 hingga 21 Mei 2011 adalah sebesar 325.030,23 m3. Agradasi terjadi di sebagian besar penampang sudetan sedangkan degradasi hanya terjadi di beberapa titik. Kantong sedimen dapat dibuat sebagai upaya pengendalian sedimen pada dasar saluran sudetan di tiga titik yang berbeda dengan kapasitas total 175.875 m3.Pemeliharaan kantong sedimen dilakukan setiap 3 bulan sekali dengan melakukan pengerukan pada kantong sedimen.

BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN SUMPIT (Toxotes microlepis Gunther 1860 DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI SUMATERA SELATAN

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Ni Komang Suryati

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Kegiatan penangkapan ikan sumpit sebagai ikan hias secara terus menerus di SungaiMusi oleh para nelayan akan mengakibatkan penurunan populasi ikan tersebut. Ikan sumpit termasuk ikan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi, harganya di pasaran Rp 150.000,-. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui aspek biologi reproduksi ikan sumpit sebagai salah satu informasi untuk mendukung pelestarian ikan sumpit agar populasi ikan sumpit tetap terjaga. Penelitian dilakukan pada setiap bulan sejak Juni hingga Oktober 2011. Pengambilan sampel Ikan sumpit dilaksanakan di Perairan Sungai Musi dari Borang sampai Sungsang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan rasio kelamin antara ikan jantan dan ikan betina terjadi ketidakseimbangan dimana rasio kelamin ikan jantan jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan rasio kelamin ikan betina (2:1. Rata-rata nilai Indeks Gonad Somatik ikan sumpit berkisar antara 4,27±1,27. Nilai dari fekunditas ikan sumpit betina secara keseluruhan berkisar 6.655-72.726 butir/individu. Kisaran diameter telurnya antara 0,27 – 0,95 mm. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad pada panjang total 134,97 mm untuk ikan jantan dan 116,31 mm untuk ikan betina. Fishing activity of archer fish as ornamental fish continuously in Musiriver by fisher will decrease it population. The price is Rp 150.000,-/fish in market so that Archer fish has high economy value. Therefore it was necessary to study the reproductive biology of archerfish that may be used as a reference for better management in order to achieve stability of its population. The research was conducted every month from June to October 2011 in downstream ofMusiriver South Sumatera. Result of this research showed that proportion between male and female were not equal (2:1. Gonad Somatic Index of archer fish values ranged 4,27 ± 1,27 and the fecundity of the female is estimated between 6655 to 72726 eggs. The average diameter of mature egss ranged form 0.27 to 0.95 mm. Length of first

IDENTIFIKASI IKAN SAPU-SAPU (Loricariidae BERDASARKAN KARAKTER POLA ABDOMENDI PERAIRAN CILIWUNG

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Fatihah Dinul Qoyyimah

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Ikan sapu-sapu (Loricariidae merupakan invasive species yang terdapat pada beberapa negara, salah satunyaIndonesia. Ikan tersebut dapat ditemukan pada sungai Ciliwung. Bagian hilir dari sungai tersebut adalah Kota Jakarta.Ikan sapu-sapu yang terdapat di Indonesia termasuk pada Genus Pterygoplichthys. Genus Pterygoplichthys masihsulit dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ikantersebut adalah melihat pola abdomen. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 28 ekor. Identifikasi berdasarkan polaabdomen yang dapat dilakukan dengan melihat literatur yang ada. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkanterdapat 2 spesies ikan sapu-sapu pada sungai Ciliwung dan jenis inter-grade. Spesies tersebut adalah Pterygoplichthyspardalis dan Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus.

IDENTIFIKASI IKAN SAPU-SAPU (Loricariidae BERDASARKAN KARAKTER POLA ABDOMENDI PERAIRAN CILIWUNG

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Fatihah Dinul Qoyyimah

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Ikan sapu-sapu (Loricariidae merupakan invasive species yang terdapat pada beberapa negara, salah satunyaIndonesia. Ikan tersebut dapat ditemukan pada sungai Ciliwung. Bagian hilir dari sungai tersebut adalah Kota Jakarta.Ikan sapu-sapu yang terdapat di Indonesia termasuk pada Genus Pterygoplichthys. Genus Pterygoplichthys masihsulit dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ikantersebut adalah melihat pola abdomen. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 28 ekor. Identifikasi berdasarkan polaabdomen yang dapat dilakukan dengan melihat literatur yang ada. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkanterdapat 2 spesies ikan sapu-sapu pada sungai Ciliwung dan jenis inter-grade. Spesies tersebut adalah Pterygoplichthyspardalis dan Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus.

X-ray fluorescent analysis on Indo-Pacific glass beads from Sungai Mas archaeological sites, Kedah, Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zuliskandar Ramli; Nik Hassan Shuhaimi; Nik Abdul Rahman; Abdul Latif Samian

2011-01-01

Sungai Mas was an ancient port-kingdom located on West Coast of Peninsula Malaysia in a district of Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia. The port-kingdom evolved as an entrepot since fifth century AD and continuously visited by international trader from India, China, Middle East and Europe until eighteenth century AD. Sungai Mas was also one of the Indo-Pacific beads making centers in Southeast Asia since sixth to thirteenth century AD and also produced pottery and brick. X-ray fluorescent analysis (XRF) on Sungai Mas Indo-Pacific beads is carried out to determine whether the glass beads originated from Arikamedu, India or locally made by community in Sungai Mas. Totally, twenty-two samples of beads and beads materials assayed by XRF were chosen. Contents of nine major elements and nine trace elements, which might be present of flux, stabilizer, colorants or opacifier were examined. The elements Si, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, Mg, Cu, Pb, Zr, Sr, Ba, La, U, Ni and Cr were detectable in all samples. The concentration of elements found are discussed in terms of flux, silica or lead base glass, color and/or opacity of the glass beads and glass samples. The result showed that Sungai Mas produced their own Indo-Pacific beads from sixth to thirteenth century AD. (author)

Environmental Flow for Sungai Johor Estuary

Science.gov (United States)

Adilah, A. Kadir; Zulkifli, Yusop; Zainura, Z. Noor; Bakhiah, Baharim N.

2018-03-01

Sungai Johor estuary is a vital water body in the south of Johor and greatly affects the water quality in the Johor Straits. In the development of the hydrodynamic and water quality models for Sungai Johor estuary, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model was selected. In this application, the EFDC hydrodynamic model was configured to simulate time varying surface elevation, velocity, salinity, and water temperature. The EFDC water quality model was configured to simulate dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4), and Chlorophyll a. The hydrodynamic and water quality model calibration was performed utilizing a set of site specific data acquired in January 2008. The simulated water temperature, salinity and DO showed good and fairly good agreement with observations. The calculated correlation coefficients between computed and observed temperature and salinity were lower compared with the water level. Sensitivity analysis was performed on hydrodynamic and water quality models input parameters to quantify their impact on modeling results such as water surface elevation, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration. It is anticipated and recommended that the development of this model be continued to synthesize additional field data into the modeling process.

DAMPAK LIMBAH CAIR HASIL PENGOLAHAN EMAS TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DAN CARA MENGURANGI DAMPAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT (The Impact of Liquid Waste of Gold Processing in the River Water Quality and The Method for Minimizing the Impact by Using Zeolite

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Candra Agus

2005-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kegiatan penambangan emas oleh masyarakat di desa Jendi telah dilakukan sejak 1993. Meskipun telah menyediakan lapangan kerja untuk masyarakat lokal, kegiatan tersebut menurunkan kualitas lingkungan, khususnya sungai, karena penggunaan merkuri. Dalam hal ini penggunaan merkuri dalam proses pengambilan emas murni dari batuan telah mempengaruhi air sungai sehingga memiliki kandungan 0,002-1 mg/l Hg;0,05 mg/l Pb; 0,4 mg/l Cu and 28,39 mg/l Fe. Berdasarkan peraturan -pemerintah No. 822001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan air irigasi, konstituen metal tersebut telah melebihi baku mutu air. Penggunaan mineral zeolite sebagai adsorben pada proses penambangan emas tradisional menunjukkan bahwa zeolit dengan ukuran 80- 100 mesh dapat mengurangi kadar hg sehingga masuk ke dalam baku mutu air.   ABSTRACT The gold mine activity of people in jendi village has been conducted since 1993. Even though this activity provide job for the local people. It will degrade the environmental quality especially river, because of Mercury use. The use of Mercury in the process to extract natural gold from concentrate of rock mill affects river water because it contains 0.002-1 mg/l Hg; 0,05 mg/l Pb; 0,4 mg/l Cu and 28,39 mg/l Fe. Based on the Government Regulation No. 82/2001 Concerning the Management of Water Quality and Irrigation water, those metal constituents have already been above the water standard quality. Using mineral zeolite as adsorbent on the traditional gold processing showed that zeolite with size 80-100 mesh could reduce the content of Hg, Pb, Cu, and Fe, which fall within the water standard quality.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WITH URBAN RIVER IMPROVEMENT: THE CASE OF YOGYAKARTA CITY (Melibatkan Masyarakat dalam Memperbaiki Lingkungan Sungai Perkotaan : Kasus Kota Yogyakarta

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Hari Kusnanto

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The restoration of urban rivers has shifted from predominantly physical and ecological to community oriented social and economic improvement. Community engagement is needed in the people approach of development. Information sharing and public consultation are not enough. A case study among the riverside communities living in Yogyakarta city indicated that these communities need to move out of poverty and destitution through coaching and mentoring by various experts, and at the same time they would assure the ecosystem functioning of urban rivers.   ABSTRACT Restorasi sungai-sungai perkotaan telah bergeser dari peningkatan fisik dan ekologis menjadi lebih berorientasi pada sosial dan ekonomi. Keterlibatan masyarakat dibutuhkan dalam pendekatan manusiawi pembangunan. Pemberian informasi dan konsultasi public tidak cukup studi kasus pada komunitas-komunitas yang hidup di pinggir sungai di kota Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa komunitas tersebut perlu mengentaskan diri dari kemiskinan dan keterbelaknagn dengan bantuan ahli, dan pada saat yang sama menjaga fungsi ekosistem sungai-sungai perkotaan.

Sistem Pemantauan Kadar pH, Suhu dan Warna pada Air Sungai Melalui Web Berbasis Wireless Sensor Network

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Ahmad Sabiq

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Water is a very important natural resource for human life and other living things. Water pollution, especially in river water, should be controlled because of the rapid development. One technology to monitor multiple physical quantities scattered in a region is the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN. WSN technology has the ability to transmit data from sensor readings and forward data received from other nodes. In this study, prototype monitoring system of pH level, temperature, and color based on WSN that can be monitored through the developed web. The sensors at each node are connected to Arduino Uno as a processing unit, data read from the sensor is sent to the sync node via XBee wireless device. In the sink, the PC also serves as a database server and a web server is used. Test results with two different dispersion indicate that sensor readings can be read by all nodes and received by the sync node and can be displayed on web pages that have been built. Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Pencemaran air khususnya air sungai perlu dikendalikan seiring makin cepatnya pembangunan. Salah satu teknologi untuk melakukan pemantauan besaran fisik dalam wilayah yang tersebar adalah Wireless Sensor Network (WSN, yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengirimkan data hasil pembacaan sensor serta meneruskan data yang diterima dari node lain. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan purwarupa sistem pemantauan kadar pH, suhu dan warna berbasis WSN yang dapat dipantau melalui web. Sensor pada setiap node dihubungkan ke Arduino Uno sebagai unit pemroses, data yang dibaca dari sensor dikirimkan ke node sink melalui perangkat XBee nirkabel. Pada sink digunakan PC yang berfungsi juga sebagai database server dan web server. Hasil dari pengujian dengan dua penyebaran yang berbeda didapatkan hasil bahwa pembacaan sensor dapat dibaca oleh seluruh node dan diterima oleh sink serta dapat ditampilkan melalui laman web yang

Analisis Karakteristik Hujan untuk Pendugaan Debit Aliran Rencana Sungai Anafri di Kota Jayapura

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Nurfaijin Nurfaijin

2016-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik hujan wilayah DAS Anafri, menghitung debit aliran rencana, dan mengkaji kapasitas Sungai Anafri dalam merespon pengalihragaman hujan menjadi aliran permukaan. Kajian karakteristik hujan yakni ketebalan, intensitas, dan durasi hujan dilakukan dengan analisis statistik data hujan. Analisis distribusi data hujan diasumsikan sesuai dengan Metode Gumbel, sehingga untuk menentukan hujan periode ulang 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, dan 25 tahun menggunakan persamaan Gumbel. Hujan periode ulang digunakan untuk menghitung debit aliran rencana Metode Rasional. Analisis kapasitas sungai dilakukan dengan membandingkan debit aliran rencana dalam periode ulang T dengan kapasitas sungai. Penghitungan kapasitas sungai dilakukan pada penampang PI (bagian hulu, P2,dan P3 (bagian hilir. Debit aliran rencana yang digunakan dalam analisis kapasitas sungai adalah debit aliran Q25tahun (107,478 m³/detikdan 163,726 m³/detik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahawa, terjadinya limpasan pada penampang sungai PI dan P2 pada saat menampung debit banjir yang diketahui penyebab utamanya adalah bank full capacity kecil, maka alternat! ( penanganan yang direkomendasikan adalah peninggian tanggul sungai. Analisis kapasitas sungai menggunakan debit banjir periode ulang 25 tahun menunjukan bahwa, terjadi limpasan pada lokasi penampang PI sampai P2 dengan panjang ruas 400 m yang terjadi pada tanggul sisi kanan dan tanggul sisi kiri dengan panjang ruas 40 meter. Limpasan terjadi setinggi 0,1 m hingga 1,6 m pada tanggul sisi kanan dan 0,1 m hingga 0,3 m pada tanggul sisi kiri, sehingga peninggian tanggul yang direkomendasikan adalah setinggi 1,6 mpada sisi kanan dan 0,3 m pada tanggul sisi kiri. ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the characteristics of rainfall watershed of Anafri calculate the flow rate plan, and assess the river capacity to respond diversion of rain to be surface runoff. In this study, the analysis of rainfall

AKUMULASI MERKURI PADA IKAN BAUNG (Mytus nemurus DI SUNGAI KAHAYAN KALIMANTAN TENGAH (The Accumulation of Mercure on Baung Fish (Mytus nemurus in The Kahayan Rice of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

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Adventus Panda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Sungai Kahayan di Kalimantan Tengah mengalami tekanan lingkungan karena adanya limbah merkuri yang berasal dari aktivitas penambangan emas tradisional. Di tempat tersebut terdapat 10a4 tempat penambangan emas sepanjang sungai dari hulu sampai hilir. Merkuri dalam sedimen sungai secara berturut-turut mengalami metilasi (methylation oleh reduksi sulfat bakteri. Riset ini merupakan studi akumulasi merkuri (FIg dalam Mytus nemurus, sedimen dan air, dari hulu ke hilir di sungai Kahayan. Total jarak dari hulu sekitar 296 km. Data dikumpulkan dari 3 lokasi sepanjang sungai. Dalam tiap lokasi tapak sampling berada di dataran baniir (floodplain. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama musim hujan. lkan ditangkap menggunakan rengge (gillnet. Penentuan metil merkuri digunakan metode modified CV-AAS (cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara sample yang diukur, akumulasi tertinggi masing-masing berada dalam sedimen sungai (0,336 mg. dikutip dengan daging M. numerus (0,303 mg.g-1 + 0.342. dan air (0.058 mg-1. Merkuri memiliki tendensi meninggi menuju hilir. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tekstur sedimen yang didominasi oleh silt. Kondisi ini berpotensi untuk metilasi. Turbiditas, arus, dan pH menyumbangkan kenaikan tingkat merkuri di hilir. Asupan merkuri mingguan yang dapat ditoleransi menurut WHO adalah 171,42 mg adalah sama dengan 24,4 mg sehari jika seseorang mengkonsumsi 100 g daging M. numerus sehari. dimungkinkan bahwa akan ada 30,3 mg.g-1 yang masuk ke tubuh. Hal ini berarti bahwa merkuri disepanjang sungai Kahayan mengancam penduduk yang mengkonsumsi ikan dari sungai tersebut.   ABSTRACT The Kahayan River of Central Kalimantan had environmental stress due to mercury waste. This waste came from the traditional gold mining activities. There were 1014 gold mining sites along the river from upstream to downstream. Mercury in river sediment was subsequently methylated by sulfated reduction bacteria. This

Fatty Alcohol Variations in Surface Sediments of Sungai Sepang Besar, Sepang, Selangor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masni Mohd Ali; Norfariza Humrawali; Ying, P.Q.; Mohd Talib Latif; Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

2011-01-01

Composition of fatty alcohols from 19 surface sediment samples collected along Sungai Sepang Besar, Sepang, Selangor were determined. The sediments were extracted and analysed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. A total of 19 fatty alcohols from C 12 to C 30 including 4 branched compounds were identified with concentrations in the range 0.02 μg/ g - 9.01 μg/ g dry weight. C 26 fatty alcohols dominated most sampling stations with concentrations ranging from 0.29 to 5.43 μg/ g dry weight and constituted 15.5 % of total fatty alcohols. According to individual compounds of fatty alcohols and the [Σ(C 12 - C 20 )/ Σ(C 22 - C 30 )] ratio, Sungai Sepang Besar has a high composition of short-chain fatty alcohols (C 12 - C 20 ) which mainly originate from marine organisms. However, the Alcohol Sources Index (ASI) showed that terrestrial derived fatty alcohols dominated the area due to high concentration of C 26 compounds in most sampling stations. The value of (odd chain length)/ (even chain length) ratios were high for almost all the sampling stations due to high bacterial activities. It can be concluded that the surface sediments of Sungai Sepang Besar contained organic materials from marine, terrestrial and bacterial sources. (author)

Perencanaan Penerapan Konsep Zero run-off dan Agroforestri Berdasarkan Kajian Debit Sungai di Sub DAS Belik, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

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Arnellya Fitri

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Belik merupakan salah satu Daerah Tampungan Air (DTA yang berada di daerah perkotaan Kabupaten Sleman. Akibat alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan pemukiman yang padat menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya area resapan air hujan. Kurangnya area resapan air hujan menyebabkan kapasitas saluran drainase Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Belik pada saat hujan  tidak mampu menampung air sehingga banjir di sekitar saluran drainase terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan solusi dengan menggunakan konsep zero run-off  dalam upaya  mencegah genangan banjir di perkotaan yang kurang memiliki ruang terbuka hijau dan area resapan air hujan. Kajian debit banjir yang dilakukan pada sungai Belik menggunakan metode rasional dan metode SCS CN yaitu metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan debit puncak pada satu kejadian hujan. Perhitungan debit diperlukan untuk mengetahui besar limpasan maksimum pada drainase saluran DAS Belik. Metode hidrograf  SCS CN  menggunakan parameter tekstur tanah, tebal hujan, CN wilayah, retensi potensial maksimum air oleh tanah, dan kedalaman hujan efektif. Sedangkan metode rasional menggunakan parameter koefesien aliran, intensitas hujan, dan luas daerah pengaliran dalam menghitung debit limpasan. Keseluruhan hasil perhitungan kedua metode melebihi besar debit pengukuran langsung menggunakan Metode Slope Area, artinya keseluruhan hasil menunjukkan banjir atau limpasan permukaan yang melebihi kapasitas drainase.Kata kunci. Limpasan permukaan, metode SCS CN, metode rasional, zero run-off Belik Watershed is one of the Water Catchment Areas  located in urban areas of Sleman District. Land conversion from agricultural to residential area cause the descending of rain water catchment area. Lack of rain water catchment area can cause drainage channel capacity of Belik sub zone cannot hold rain water, so that flooding occurred around the drainage channel. The aim of this research is to give a way out to

PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR PT. VIZI UTAMA MANDIRI (VUM DI JORONG SUNGAI KUNYIT, KAB. SOLOK SELATAN

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Yesi Herlina

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This article talks about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR PT. Visi Utama Mandir (PT. VUM. The company is engaged in mining iron ore. This article describes the company's CSR programs implemented, and to describe the impact of CSR programs to the community Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit subdistrict Sangir Balai Janggo. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and descriptive. Determination of informants done Snowbolling Sampling. Collect data through interviews, observation and document study. The results showed that the company's CSR prorgam: the first, physical program, which the company provided assistance to the opening of new roads, road repair help communities, disaster relief, assistance for sports facilities, places of worship aid, and assistance every month. Second, non-physical program: health education and entrepreneurship training. Help the opening of new roads, easier access to public transportation. Help community road improvement, repair roads damaged in a residential area residents Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit, to meet the public demand for transportation smoothly. Disaster relief, PT. VUM provide assistance such as: issuing machine, giving money, giving them the tools kitchen utensils, and others. Sporting equipments, awarded when a proper sports venues to be renovated in order to better the welfare of society. Help places of worship, giving donations and assistance to local houses of worship, with the aim of increasing public worship and religious knowledge. Help regularly every month, every month the implementation of assistance is provided to all households in Jorong Turmeric and Jorong Koto Sungai Sungai Sungkai, to help meet the basic needs of society Tulisan ini mengulas tentang program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR PT.VUM. Perusahaan ini bergerak dalam bidang tambang biji besi. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan program CSR yang dilaksanakan perusahaan, serta mendeskripsikan dampak program CSR kepada

Karakter Pemukiman Lahan Basah Abad VI - XV Masehi di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Barito

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nfn Sunarningsih

2017-07-01

Full Text Available One of the great rivers that flow in Kalimantan region is Barito River, precisely in the southeast region. Barito drainage basin crosses two different provinces, namely South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. Archaeological researches of wetland ancient settlements on Barito Basin are mainly in the downstream area. The result of this research obtained a varied data, such as artifacts, settlement form, and environmental supports. There seemed to be such character differences in each site. Therefore, this article examine the factors that influence the character differences of each wetland site. The research use descriptive analytic, with inductive reasoning. The result shows that there are some characters of wetland residential sites in the Barito basin, which is influenced by the function of site, the mastery of technology, environmental carrying capacity, and the intensity interaction with outside community. Salah satu sungai besar yang mengalir di wilayah Kalimantan adalah Sungai Barito, tepatnya di wilayah Kalimantan bagian Tenggara. Daerah Aliran Sungai Barito melintasi dua wilayah propinsi yang berbeda, yaitu Kalimantan Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian arkeologi terhadap pemukiman lahan basah (abad ke 6-15 M di Daerah Aliran Sungai Barito berada terutama di daerah hilir. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan data yang beragam, baik dari artefak, bentuk pemukimannya, dan lingkungan pendukungnya. Tampaknya ada karakter yang berbeda dari masing-masing situs. Oleh karena itu, tulisanini berusaha untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perbedaan karakter dari masing-masing situs di lahan basah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analisis, dengan penalaran induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa macam karakter dari situs pemukiman lahan basah di DAS Barito, yang dipengaruhi oleh fungsi situs, penguasaan teknologi, daya dukung lingkungan, dan intensitas terjadinya interaksi dengan masyarakat

Studi Perbandingan Komposisi Asam Lemak Daging Ikan Sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard Fase Yellow Eel Dari Sungai Palu Dan Danau Poso

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Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, mineral, dan asam lemak yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak, dan membandingkan komposisi asam lemak dari ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan mengubah ekstrak lemak menjadi metil ester asam lemak. Hasil analisis komposisi asam lemak daging ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan Danau Poso menunjukan kadar asam lemak jenuh masing-masing 2,766g/100g dan 0,275g/100g; asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal 4,029g/100g dan 0,276g/100g; dan asam lemak tak jenuh ganda 0,541g/100g dan 0,102g/100g. Terdapat perbedaan secara statistik (p<0.05 komposisi dan kadar asam lemak antara daging ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Komposisi asam lemak ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso masing-masing adalah 23 dan 18 jenis. Asam lemak yang ditemukan pada daging ikan sidat sungai Palu dan tidak ditemukan pada ikan sidat danau Poso adalah asam heneikosenoat, asam miristoleat, Cis-10-pentadekanoat, asam gamma linoleat, dan Cis-11,14,17-eikosatrinoat.

KONTAMINASI MERKURI PADA SAMPEL LINGKUNGAN DAN FAKTOR RISIKO PADA MASYARAKAT DARI KEGIATAN PENAMBANGAN EMAS SKALA KECIL KRUENG SABEE PROVINSI ACEH (Mercury Contamination in the Environmental Samples and Risk Factors in Inhabitants of the Small Scale Gold

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Sofia Sofia

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kegiatan penambangan emas skala kecil dengan teknik amalgamasi dapat memberikan peluang introduksi merkuri (Hg ke lingkungan dan manusia. Penelitian kontaminasi Hg pada air minum, ikan, rambut kepala manusia, dan faktor risiko pada manusia telah dilakukan di wilayah Krueng Sabee, Provinsi Aceh. Metode pengambilan dan pengujian sampel yang mengandung Hg dilakukan dengan prosedur SNI, EPA dan WHO. Rancangan cross sectional survey dilakukan pada empat desa dengan 72 responden yang dipilih secara acak. Wawancara dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait faktor risiko kesehatan. Pengukuran konsentrasi Hg untuk sampel air dan ikan dilakukan dengan Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer dan untuk sampel rambut kepala menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis varian, uji t sampel bebas, dan uji t satu sampel. Model prediksi dihasilkan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan konsentrasi Hg pada sampel air sumur sebesar 0,24 ± 0,25 µg/L; sampel ikan: Rastrellinger kanagurta,149,46 ± 2,00 µg/g, Selaroides sp, 58,6 ± 3,01 µg/g, Euthynnus affinis, 46,3 ± 2,98 µg/g; dan pada rambut kepala mulai dari 11,2 ± 4,02 µg/g hingga 48,3 ± 22,29 µg/g. Faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi Hg pada responden adalah status bekerja di Krueng Sabee, lokasi, lama tinggal, status pekerja tambang dan lama penggunaan pembakar amalgam. Faktor-faktor risiko ini memberi peran sebesar 45,8% terhadap akumulasi Hg di dalam rambut kepala responden.   ABSTRACT Small-scale gold mining activities with amalgamation process can contribute the entry of mercury (Hg into environment and humans. Research on Hg contamination in drinking water, fish, human head hair, and risk factors has been conducted in the area of Krueng Sabee, Aceh Province. Methods of samples collection and Hg concentrations testing conducted

Water Quality and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment of Sungai Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia: A Baseline Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmad, A.K.; Mushrifah, I.; Mohamad Shuhaimi Othman

2009-01-01

A study on water quality and heavy metal concentration in sediment at selected sites of Sungai Kelantan was carried out. Ten water samples were collected along the river for physical and chemical analysis and twenty-six water and sediment samples were collected for heavy metal analysis. Water was sampled at three different dates throughout the study period whereas sediments were collected once. In addition to heavy metal analysis, sediment samples were also analysed for texture, ph and organic content. The physical and chemical water quality analyses were carried out according to the ALPHA procedures. Result of water quality analysis (physico-chemical) indicated that Sungai Kelantan is characterised by excellent water quality and comparable to pristine ecosystems such as the National Park and Kenyir Lake. This river was classified into class I - class III based on Malaysian interim water quality standard criteria (INWQS). Heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd was detected at low concentration in sediment samples, except for Fe and Mn. The presence of Fe and Mn in sediment samples was though to be of natural origin from the soil. Anthropogenic metal concentrations in sediment were low indicating that Sungai Kelantan has not experienced extreme pollution. (author)

POLA PENGELOLAAN SANITASI DI PERKAMPUNGAN BANTARAN SUNGAI CODE, YOGYAKARTA (Pattern of Sanitation Management in Code Riverside Settlements, Yogyakarta

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Atyanto Dharoko

2005-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Bantaran Sungai Code merupakan wilayah pusat kota Yogyakarta yang dipenuhi oleh perkampungan padat penduduknya. Sistem kehidupan masyarakat kampung bantaran Sungai Code sudah terintegrasi dengan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat kota Yogyakarta. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah rendahnya kualitas intrastruktur terutama fasilitas sanitasi karena kendala terbatasnya kemampuan ekonomi masyarakat dan bentuk topograti yang terjal. Akhirnya sungai merupakan tujuan pembuangan akhir limbah sanitasi lingkungan tanpa proses terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola sanitasi komunal lebih dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dari pertimbangan sosial, ekonomi dan kondisi lingkungan yang terjal. Di masa mendatang sistem ini perlu dijadikan dasar pengembangan teknis sistem sanitasi bantaran sungai untuk memperoleh sustainability yang tinggi.   ABSTRACT Code riverside is part of central business district in Yogyakarta composed by densely populated kampungs. Community way of life in the kampungs have been successfully integrated with social-economic of the urban community. The crusial problem faced by the community is lack of infrastructure facilities especially sanitation. This situation is very much related to social-economic constraints of the community and topographical situation as fisical constraints. Finally, sanitation disposals have to be discharged into Code River without pre processing. The study concludes that communal sanitation system becomes the most acceptable system based on socio-economic and topographical constraints. In the future communal sanitation system may become a basic technical considerations to develop sanitation system in the riverside settlements and to achieve sustainability.

EFISIENSI CONSTRUCTION WETLAND TYPHA SP. SEBAGAI PENGOLAH AIR LIMPASAN JALAN RAYA SECARA ALAMI

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Rudatin Windraswara

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bersifat desain eksperimental pada skala laboratorium untuk mengetahui kemampuan Typha latifolia. sebagai tanaman wetland dalam mereduksi BOD dan COD yang berasal polutan air limpasan jalan raya sebagai bagian dari sistem drainase yang berkelanjutan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah air limpasan jalan yang berasal dari air hujan yang kemudian masuk ke saluran pengumpul (drainase jalan. Habitat wetland disimulasikan menggunakan kolom dengan tabung yang memiliki volume kosong 20 liter. Susunan tabung adalah sebagai berikut; tanaman wetland, air, pasir dan batu kerikil. Satu tabung lagi akan berlaku sebagai kontrol dengan susunan yang sama tanpa tanaman wetland. Desain tabung memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut bahan acrylic dengan ukuran diameter 9,7 cm, tinggi 40 cm, volume 20 liter, media pasir setinggi 10 cm, kerikil 15 cm, kemudian diisi air setinggi 15 cm dari batas kerikil. Nilai BOD dari sampel kontrol setelah hari ke-3 menjadi 87 mg/l dari nilai semula 104 mg/l sedangkan nilai BOD dari sampel uji setelah hari ke-3 menjadi 44 mg/l dari nilai semula 104 mg/l. Hasil ini menunjukkan tanaman tersebut mampu menghilangkan nilai BOD sebesar 65% atau BOD removal sebesar 65%. Nilai COD dari sampel kontrol setelah hari ke-3 menjadi 309 mg/l dari nilai semula 210 mg/l sedangkan nilai COD dari sampel uji setelah hari ke-3 menjadi 87 mg/l dari nilai semula 210 mg/l. Hasil ini menunjukkan tanaman Typha latifolia mampu menghilangkan nilai COD sebesar 58,6% atau COD removal sebesar 58,6%. Kedua parameter tersebut telah sesuai dengan baku mutu Kepmen LH no 112 tahun 2003 dan Kepmen LH no 51 tahun 1999.

Water and suspended sediment dynamics in the Sungai Selangor estuary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdul Kadir Ishak; Kamarudin Samuding; Nazrul Hizam Yusoff

2000-01-01

Observations of salinity, temperature, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and tidal current velocity were made in the lower and along the longitudinal axis sungai Selangor estuary over near-spring cycles. The variations of these parameters at the measurement stations and along the channel are presented to illustrate the water and sediment dynamics in the estuary. The results shows that the Sungai Selangor estuary changes from a partially-mixed type during neaps to a well-mixed one during springs. promoted by stronger tidal energy during the higher tidal ranges. The strong neap density stratification is also promoted by the high river discharges during the measurement period maximum concentration of suspended sediment 2000 mg,'/) occurs during maximum current velocities both during flood and ebb. The maximum salinity was achieved during high water slack but the salt water was totally flushed out of estuary during low water springs. The longitudinal axis measurement indicates that a partially-developed zone of turbidity maximum with a sediment concentration over 1000 mg/l was observed at the limit of salt water intrusion in salinity range less than 1 ppt. Tidal pumping as oppose to the estuarine circulation is the more dominant factor in the maximum formation as the salt water is totally excluded at low water. (author)

Identifying Resistivity Anomalies of Sungai Batu Ancient River using 3D Contour Map

Science.gov (United States)

Yusoh, R.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M.; Muhammad, S. B.; Anda, S. T.; Ismail, M. A. M.; Hazreek, Z. A. M.

2018-04-01

Electrical resistivity method was undertaken at archeological site at Sungai Batu in Lembah Bujang, located at Sungai Merbok in northwestern of Malaysia. The survey was implemented near the excavation site. This paper shows the results of 5 ground resistivity survey line was carry out using SAS4000 equipment. The wenner-schlumberger array was applied for measurement. Resistivity data are used to obtain valuable information to identify the remain buried archeology. The ground resistivity data were presented in contour map for various depth by using Surfer 13 software visualized clearly the anomalies evidenced for every single depth section. The results from the survey has found the appearance of sedimentation formation that believe happen long time ago after ancient river was buried by sediment from weathering process due to increasing sea level. Otherwise, another anomaly was found in the middle of the survey area which shows high resistivity value about 1000 – 2000 ohm.m

KELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DAN KONSENTRASI TSS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR PENENTU KONDISI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI PORONG

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Ulung Jantama Wisha

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Pembuangan limbah dan lumpur ke Sungai Porong diduga akan berdampak bagi lingkungan sekitarnya, khususnya meningkatnya konsentrasi padatan tersuspensi (TSS dan mempengaruhi sebaran fitoplankton di wilayah tersebut. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi muatan padatan tersuspensi, kekeruhan dan kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan muara Sungai Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan sebagai variabel ukur adalah muatan padatan tersuspensi, kekeruhan, kelimpahan fitoplankton dan kecepatan serta arah arus. Variabel pendukung meliputi data pasang surut dan peta bathimetri wilayah muara Sungai Porong. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan program Arc GIS 10, sehingga menghasilkan output berupa distribusi spasial. Konsentrasi muatan padatan tersuspensi 542-885 mg/l. konsentrasi kekeruhan 3.7-20.5 NTU. Kelimpahan fitoplankton 153-238 ind/l. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa sebaran muatan padatan tersuspensi dan kekeruhan memiliki kaitan dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton pada saat surut, meskipun pada kuantitas yang tidak selalu sama. Arah sebaran bergerak ke arah Timur atau menjauhi muara sungai. ABUNDANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND TSS VALUE AS AN INDICATOR FOR PORONG RIVER ESTUARY WATER CONDITIONSDisposal of waste and mud into Porong River is expected to have an impact to the surrounding environment, particularly the increasing concentration of suspended solids (TSS and affect the distribution of phytoplankton in the region. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the concentration of TSS and abundance of phytoplankton as an indicator for determinate condition of Porong River Estuary. Determining the location of sampling by purposive sampling method. The data were then analyzed with statistical methods and spatially using ArcGIS 10 program. The concentration of suspended solids charge 542-885 mg

HOSPES PERANTARA DAN HOSPES RESERVOIR FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI DI INDONESIA Studi Epidemiologi F. buski di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2002 dan 2010

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Anorital -

2013-12-01

. Bahkan dalam beberapa periode terkesan naik, meskipun upaya penanggulangannya terus dilaksanakan melalui berbagai survei yang diakhiri dengan pemberian obat. Tidak diketahuinya dengan pasti hospesperantara I, II dan hospes reservoir; merupakan salah satu kendala dalam pengendalian penyakit. Untuk mengetahui siklus epidemiologi F. buski, telah dilakukan dua studi oleh dua institusi penelitian yang berada di bawah Badan Litbangkes pada tahun 2002  oleh Anorital, dkk dan 2010 oleh Annida. Hasil dari kedua studi tersebut diketahui bahwa terdapat 3 jenis tanaman air (hospes perantara II yang dikonsumsi masyarakat yaitu teratai (Nymphea alba, teratai burung (Nymphea lotus dan kangkung (Ipomea aquatica yang positif serkaria dan metaserkaria. Dari spesimen 4 jenis siput/keong air tawar (hospes perantara I yang diperiksa  diperoleh 2 jenis siput/keong yang positif redia dan serkaria yaitu siput kalambuai (Lymnea sp dan siput pipih (Indoplanorbis sp. Dari 4 jenis spesimen kotoran hewan yang diperiksa, diperoleh 1 spesimen positif  telur F. buski yang ditemukan pada kotoran kerbau. Selain itu ditemukan  juga 2 spesimen dari kotoran ayam dan itik alabio telur yang dari segi bentuk mirip F. buski.  Namun dari segi ukuran, telur parasit yang ditemukan ini jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan telur F. buski yang sebenarnya. Meski adanya temuan positif tersebut, perlu adanya konfirmasi dari institusi penelitian lainnya yang berpengalaman dalam melakukan identifikasi F. buski. Dengan mulai terkuaknya gambaran siklus epidemiologi F. buski ini, diharapkan upayapenanggulangan dan pengendalian penyakit kecacingan buski (fasciolopsiosis dapat dilakukan dengan lebih terfokus dan efektif. Agar siklus epidemiologi F. buski dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas lagi, diperlukan suatu studi yang lebih mendalam dengan jumlah sampel/spesimen yang lebih banyak.  Kata kunci: Fasciolopsis buski, fasciolopsiosis

Modelling the Solid Waste Flow into Sungai Ikan Landfill Sites by Material Flow Analysis Method

Science.gov (United States)

Ghani, Latifah A.; Ali, Nora'aini; Hassan, Nur Syafiqah A.

2017-12-01

The purpose of this paper is to model the material flow of solid waste flows at Kuala Terengganu by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method, generated by STAN Software Analysis. Sungai Ikan Landfill has been operated for about 10 years. Average, Sungai Ikan Landfill receive an amount around 260 tons per day of solid waste. As for the variety source of the solid waste coming from, leachates that accumulated has been tested and measured. Highest reading of pH of the leachate is 8.29 which is still in the standard level before discharging the leachate to open water which pH in between 8.0-9.0. The percentages of the solid waste has been calculated and seven different types of solid waste has been segregated. That is, plastics, organic waste, paper, polystyrene, wood, fabric and can. The estimation of the solid waste that will be end as a residue are around 244 tons per day.

Remote Sensing for Mapping RAMSAR Heritage Site at Sungai Pulai Mangrove Forest Reserve, Johor, Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasmadi, I.M.; Pakhriazad, H.Z.; Norlida, K.

2011-01-01

The Sungai Pulai Mangrove Forest Reserve (SPMFR) is the largest reverin mangrove system in Johore. In 2003 about 9,126 ha of the Sungai Pulai mangrove was designated as a RAMSAR site. RAMSAR sites are wetland areas that are deemed to have international importance and are included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. The SPMFR plays a significant socio-economic role to the adjacent 38 villages. Satellite remote sensing is a useful source of information where it provides timely and complete coverage for vegetation mapping especially in mangroves where the accessibility is difficult. This study was carried out to identify and map land cover types using SPOT-4 imagery at the Sungai Pulai-RAMSAR site and its surrounding areas. Through unsupervised classification technique a total of seven classes of land cover type were mapped, where about 90 % mapping accuracy was gained from the accuracy assessment. Later, vegetation densities were classified into five levels namely very high, high, medium, low and very low based on crown density scale using vegetation indices model such as NDVI, AVI and OSAVI. Results from NDVI and OSAVI model were almost similar but AVI model detected more on medium vegetation which did not show the real ground condition. The study concludes that SPOT-4 imagery was able to discriminate mangrove area clearly from other land covers type. Vegetation indices model can be used as a tool for mapping vegetation density level in the SPMFR and its surrounding area. Therefore VIs models from remote sensing are useful to monitor and manage the mangrove forest for sustainable management and preserve the SPMFR as a RAMSAR site in Peninsular Malaysia. (author)

PEMIJAHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN PELANGI (Melanotaenia spp. ASAL SUNGAI SAWIAT, PAPUA

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Bastiar Nur

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Ikan pelangi asal Sungai Sawiat, Papua merupakan ikan hias endemik yang belum diketahui data biologinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, fertilitas dan daya tetas telur serta tahapan perkembangan embrio ikan pelangi asal Sungai Sawiat. Induk jantan dan betina ukuran 10–15 cm sebanyak 20 ekor, dipelihara dalam bak beton berukuran 2,5 x 2,5 x 1,0 m3 dengan sistem resirkulasi dan diberi pakan berupa cacing darah (bloodworm dengan frekuensi 3 kali sehari secara ad libitum. Dua ekor induk betina dan satu ekor induk jantan yang matang gonad dipijahkan dalam bak beton berukuran 1,0 x 1,0 x 0,75 m3 dan diberi tanaman air berupa eceng gondok sebagai pelindung serta media penempelan telur. Pengamatan ada tidaknya telur dilakukan setiap pagi dan sore hari selama 14 hari. Telur yang didapat dicatat baik fertile maupun infertile. Sebanyak 20 butir telur ditetaskan dalam basket plastik berukuran 13 x 10 x 5 cm dan selanjutnya diamati perkembangan embrionya dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah telur yang dihasilkan sebanyak 436 butir per dua ekor induk betina (218 butir per ekor, fertilitas 77,06%; daya tetas telur 74,71%; dan telur menetas setelah 8.579 menit (142 jam 59 menit pada suhu air inkubasi 27,6 – 28,3oC. Rainbow fish species originated from Sawiat River of Papua is one of Indonesian endemic species which its biological data has not been catalogued properly. The objectives of this research were to know the number of eggs (fecundity, fertility and hatchability and also the stages of embryonic development of the fish. Total of 20 male and female broodstock around 10–15 cm in size, reared in concrete tank sized 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.0 m3 equipped with closed recirculating water system and fed with bloodworm  ad libitum 3 times daily. Two already matured females and one male were selected for natural breeding and then transferred to another concrete tank (1.0 x 1.0 x 0.75 m3 in

Identification of Sungai Batu Sediment using 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Methods for Ancient River Mapping at Kedah, Malaysia

Science.gov (United States)

Andika, F.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M. M.; Muztaza, N. M.; Amsir

2018-04-01

Sungai Batu is an earliest civilization in Southeast Asia with evidenced by the discovery of riverside jetty, iron smelting, and ritual monuments. The evidences can lead to prediction of buried river caused by geological and sedimentation process. This study was conducted to study sediment deposit characteristic and to map thickness of the sediments using 2-D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction for ancient river mapping. A total of thirty, 2-D resistivity and nine seismic survey lines were conducted at the study area. Four of the lines R1-R4 and S1-S4 were correlated and validated with existing on site boreholes BH1-BH4 to identify sediment type and thickness. The validated values applied to the remaining survey lines which no borehole record to map the subsurface of the study area. Based on the results, Sungai Batu area consist of clay with resistivity value of 6.6-25.9 Ω.m and velocity value of 716.9-1606.9 m/s; sandy clay with resistivity value of 6-265.1 Ω.m and velocity value of 1003.6-1901.4 m/s; while shale was identified with resistivity value of >668.6 Ω.m and velocity value of >2051.7 m/s. Boundary between clay/sandy clay with shale was identified with resistivity value of 314 Ω.m and velocity value of 1822 m/s. The integration of the 2-D resistivity and seismic refraction identified that the thickness of Sungai Batu sediment is 0-150 m and Sungai Batu ancient river was successfully map based on thickness of sediment which is >45 m.

Macrobenthos composition, distribution and abundance within Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Guan Wan; Min, Lee Di; Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd; Ali, Masni Md; Cob, Zaidi Che

2014-09-01

Macrobenthos are very useful organisms for monitoring marine environmental and widely use in marine ecology research. They are able to monitor the difference phase in the recovery stage of disturbed sites by appear different species macrobenthos after the cessation of the impact. Univariate and multivariate methods were use to study the macrobenthos community within Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia. Five sub-samples were taken at each sampling sites by using 10 cm diameter corer. Crustaceans were the most abundant at Tanjung Adang (St. 1) and the station of non-seagrass area (St. 2) while polychaetes were the most abundant at Merambong Shoal (St. 3). Higher density of macrobenthos was found at St.3 followed by St. 1 and St. 2. The commonly used population indices such as diversity, richness, evenness and dominance were employed to determine the differences in diversity and abundance of macrobenthos. The diversity, richness and evenness index values showed slight increment from Station 1 to Station 3, while the dominance index decreasing trend from Station 1 to Station 3. A total 21 polychaete families were collected in Sungai Pulai estuary, which was dominated by the Spionidae, Capitellidae and Glyceridae. Cluster (Bray-Curtis similarities) analyses revealed that the Tanjung Adang and Merambong Shoal population were clearly separated from the station non-seagrass. For the time being factors that influence the pattern of distribution of the macrobenthos cannot be determined and subjected to further studies.

Peran Perempuan dalam Perencanaan Keluarga Responsif Gender Berbasis Agama di Desa Mulyo Rejo Kecamatan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin

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Rina Antasari

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Tulisan ini judul “Peran Perempuan Dalam Perencanaan Keluarga Responsif Gender Berbasis Agama Di Desa Mulyo Rejo Kecamatan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin”. Diawali dari hasil observasi dan pemikiran tentang perlunya dilakukan pengkajian lebih mendalam tentang hukum keluarga dalam kaitannya dengan hubungan relasi gender dalam keluarga pada masyarakat Desa Mulyo Rejo Kecamatan Sungai Lilin. Agar tujuan PAR tercapai yakni: (1 agar terwujudnya keluarga yang responsive gender yakni keluarga yang telah memperhatikan kebutuhan keluarga tanpa adanya diskriminasi, (2 adanya perubahan dan perilaku/tindakan sosial langsung yang bermula dari keluarga, (3 penambahan pengetahuan mengenai situasi keluarga yang responsif gender yang terencana dan penambahan kemampuan bagi dampingan untuk mengubah situasi mereka mewujudkan keluarga yang responsif gender berbasis agama, maka program aksi riset ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi dan langkah-langkah PAR. Sebagaian kecil warga dampingan sudah mulai menerapkan pengetahuan mengenai perencanaan keluarga responsif gender berbasis agama dalam keluarga mereka terutama melalui peran isteri bersama suami. This paper entitled "The Role of Women in Responsive Gender of Family Planning Based on Religion in Mulyo Rejo Village Sungai Lilin Musi Banyuasin". Starting from the observation and thought about the need to do much broader about family law in relation to gender relationships within the family in society of Mulyo Rejo village in Sungai Lilin. For the purpose of PAR achieved as follows: (1 for the realization of the family that has responsive gender, i.e families who have noticed the family's needs without discrimination, (2 the changes and behavioral / social action directly originate from the family, (3 the addition of knowledge concerning the family situation on responsive gender planned and the addition of capabilities for assistance to change their situation embodies responsive gender in family based

Measuring a Level of Water Pollution in Sungai Pinang Using a Mathematical Model

OpenAIRE

Mahamud, Mohd Amirul; Ramasamy, Rajasegeran

2013-01-01

Mathematical models are now a popular tool in many applications such as physics, economics and engineering; and provide useful information for decision making and planning. Water pollution in Malaysia has reached a level that needs attention and intervention from environmental department and government. In order to make a strong case, this paper has done a study on measuring the pollution level of Sungai Pinang which is located in Penang Island, Malaysia. Advection-Dispersion equation is one ...

PENGELOLAAN DAS CITARUM BERKELANJUTAN

OpenAIRE

kurniasih, nia

2011-01-01

Sungai citarum merupakan sungai utama di DAS Citarum yang dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan, tidak hanya digunakan oleh 7 kabupaten dan 2 Kota di Jawa Barat tetapi juga sebagai sumber air baku air minum Kota Jakarta. Penurunan kualitas maupun kuantitas Sungai Citarum sudah sangat memprihatinkan, kondisi tersebut diakibatkan oleh kesadaran masyarakat dan pemerintah yang belu optimal. Peraturan-peraturan Pemerintah sudah ada tetapi pelaksanaan dilapangan belum maksimal dibarengi penegakan h...

Pemanfaatan Green Roof sebagai Media Filter Air Hujan di Kota Pontianak

OpenAIRE

Uria Karlena Sely Sakong

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh green roof terhadap kualitas air hujan di KotaPontianak. Pengaruh tersebut dipelajari dengan cara membandingkan antara kualitas air hujan yang melewatigreen roof dengan kualitas air yang tidak melewati green roof. Penelitian diawali dengan merancang danmembuat model green roof. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dan diuji di laboratoriumterhadap parameter pH, kekeruhan, Pb terlarut dan E.Col...

DISTRIBUSI, KELIMPAHAN DAN VARIASI UKURAN LARVA IKAN DI ESTUARIA SUNGAI MUSI

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Eko Prianto

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Penelitian tentang distribusi, kelimpahan dan ukuran larva ikan dilakukan pada bulan Maret, Mei, Juni dan Oktober 2011. Stasiun pengambilan contoh meliputi Muara Delta Upang (stasiun 1, Muara Sungai Musi (stasiun 2 dan Pulau Payung (stasiun 3. Pengambilan larva pada siang hari menggunakan Bongo net yang berukuran mata jaring 250 µm. Hasil identifikasi diperoleh 13 famili ditinjau menurut musim, pada bulan Mei dan Oktober masing-masing diperoleh 7 famili, dan pada bulan juni sebanyak 3 famili. Kelimpahan larva ikan berkisar antara 9-46 ind/m3 dengan jumlah yang tertinggi (46 ind/m3 pada bulan Mei dan terendah pada bulan Juni (9 ind/m3. Larva ikan dari famili Gobiidae memiliki sebaran yang cukup luas baik spasial maupun temporal. Variasi ukuran larva ikan menurut famili setiap bulannya memiliki variasi ukuran yang hampir sama.  Research about the distribution, abundance and size of fish larvae was conducted in March, May, June and October 2011. Sampling stations encompasses Delta Upang (station 1, Muara Sungai Musi (station 2 and Pulau Payung (station 3. Larvae taken during the daytime using a Bongo net with mesh size of 250 µm. Identification results obtained 13 families based on the season, in May and October respectively 7 families, and in June as many as 3 families. Abundance of fish larval around 9-46 ind/m3 with the highest number (46 ind/m3 in May and the lowest in June (9 ind/m3. Larvae of Gobiidae family have a large distribution on spatial and temporal. The variation in size of fish larvae by family on each month are the same.

STUDI HIDROLOGI BERDASARKAN CLIMATE CHANGES MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SWAT DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WADUK JATILUHUR

OpenAIRE

Supatmanto, Budi Darmawan; Yusuf, Sri Malahayati

2015-01-01

Daerah Tangkapan waduk Jatiluhur berada diantara 107011'36” - 107032'36" BT and 6029'50" - 6040'45" LS di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Area dengan luas 380 km2 merupakan 8% dari seluruh total area Hulu Sungai Citarum seluas 4500 km2. Fungsi dari daerah ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air untuk pertanian di Karawang dan Bekasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan air di Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meneliti dampak dari perubahan ik (Climate Changes) terhadap hasil hidrologi di daerah tangkapan. Perubaha...

Composition and Sources of Fatty Alcohols in Estuarine Sediments of Sungai Kapar, Selangor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norfariza Humrawali; Kwan, Y.L.; Mohd Talib Latif; Masni Mohd Ali; Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

2010-01-01

A total of 13 fatty alcohols (C 12 - C 24 ) including six branched compounds have been identified in seven surface sediment samples taken from Sungai Kapar, Selangor using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generally 65 % of total fatty alcohols determined were short chain compounds (C 12 - C 20 ) derived from marine organisms, 14 % were long chained compounds (C 21 - C 24 ) input of terrestrial plants and the rest were branched compounds from bacterial activity. C 16 compound dominated all the sampling stations with concentrations ranged from 29.69 to 164.35 μgg -1 dry weight which constitute 32 % of total fatty alcohols. Short chain/long chain fatty alcohols ratio [Σ(C 12 - C 20 )/ Σ(C 21 - C 22 )] of each sampling stations had the value >1; indicating high content of short chain compounds from marine sources. Meanwhile, Alcohol Source Index (ASI) calculated using C 22 / C 14 and C 22 / C 16 ratios. C 22 / C 14 ratio showed that stations Kp1, Kp2, Kp5 and Kp6 had a value >1 indicating the amount of C 22 was higher than C 14 . Ratio of C 22 / C 16 showed that all the sampling stations dominated by C 16 compared to C 22 . The estuary of Sungai Kapar, Selangor was dominated by short chain fatty alcohols (C 12 - C 20 ) especially C 16 compound rather than long chain fatty alcohol (C 21 - C 24 ). (author)

Sedimentation rate in the Sungai Linggi estuary using excess 210Pb and 137Cs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zal U'yun Wan Mahmood; Mei Wo Yii

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to estimate the sedimentation rate in the Sungai Linggi estuary using the constant initial concentration of unsupported or excess 210 Pb model and verified with 137 Cs method. Five sediment cores were collected on 25 January 2011 using gravity corer with the inner tube of 50 cm length and 7.5 cm diameter. The total 210 Pb activities in the sediment cores profile at all sampling stations were varied and upper than those obtained for supported 210 Pb i.e. 226 Ra, indicated disequilibrium among 210 Pb and its grandparents in the 238 U decay series. Meanwhile, the lower 137 Cs activities were observed at all sampling stations due to no significant sources of 137 Cs releases were transferred into Malaysian marine. The estimation of sedimentation rate indicated the agreement of 210 Pb and 137 Cs method with a general presence of deep mixing in the Sungai Linggi estuary. Therefore, the apparent sedimentation rates calculated from 210 Pb profiles generally reflect the true value with the range from 0.70 to 1.97 cmyr -1 . High sedimentation rate was observed at some sampling stations which are located in river channel, estuary and closer to mainland. This suggested that land-use development, agriculture activities, channelization etc. introduced a large amount of sediment loaded into those areas. (author)

Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Anterior Circulation Intracranial Aneurysm Managed with Clipping in Hospital Sungai Buloh.

Science.gov (United States)

Ab Ghani, Ailani; Nayan, Saiful Azli Mat; Kandasamy, Regunath; Rosman, Azmin Kas; Ghani, Abdul Rahman Izani

2016-11-01

The annual incidence of intracranial aneurysm in Malaysia is estimated to be 1.1-1.7 per 100,000 population based on a study done conducted in 1988. Since then, little epidemiological research has been conducted in Malaysia, and the real incidence is therefore probably unreported despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Intracranial aneurysm may be treated by microsurgical clipping or embolisation depending on its location and the surgeon's preference. This study aims to report the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a clipped anterior circulation aneurysm in Hospital Sungai Buloh. We retrospectively collected the data of patients with anterior circulation aneurysms who underwent clipping from 1 January 2013 until 30 June 2014 in Hospital Sungai Buloh. The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years old, and 56.7% of the study population were male and 63.3% were Malay. There were almost equal numbers of patients with (46.7%) and without (53.3%) co-morbidities such as hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Half of the study population fell under Fisher grade 3 (50.0%), whereas 46.7% were Fisher grade 4. With respect to the Navarro score, 20% of patients scored 10, 16.7% scored 5 or 7, 13.3% scored 11, 10% scored 9, 6.7% scored 1 and 3.3% scored 2, 3 or 8. Most of the patients fell under grade I (33.3%) of the World Federation of Neurological Societies grading (WFNS), and the fewest number of patients were grade III (3.3%). Most (56.7%) patients had an intracranial aneurysm located at the anterior communicating artery (ACOM), followed by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (16.7% each), the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) (6.7%) and, finally, the internal carotid artery (ICA) (3.3%). Neurological outcomes at three and six months were assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). At three months follow-up, the majority of the participants (33.3%) scored 0 or 6, whereas at six months

Risk factors for typhoid outbreak in Sungai Congkak Recreational Park, Selangor 2009.

Science.gov (United States)

Anita, S; Amir, K M; Fadzilah, K; Ahamad, J; Noorhaida, U; Marina, K; Paid, M Y; Hanif, Z

2012-02-01

Typhoid fever continues to pose public health problems in Selangor where cases are found sporadically with occasional outbreaks reported. In February 2009, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah (HTAR) reported a cluster of typhoid fever among four children in the pediatric ward. We investigated the source of the outbreak, risk factors for the infection to propose control measures. We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for the outbreak. A case was defined as a person with S. typhi isolated from blood, urine or stool and had visited Sungai Congkak recreational park on 27th January 2010. Controls were healthy household members of cases who have similar exposure but no isolation of S. typhi in blood, urine or stool. Cases were identified from routine surveillance system, medical record searching from the nearest clinic and contact tracing other than family members including food handlers and construction workers in the recreational park. Immediate control measures were initiated and followed up. Twelve (12) cases were identified from routine surveillance with 75 household controls. The Case-control study showed cases were 17 times more likely to be 12 years or younger (95% CI: 2.10, 137.86) and 13 times more likely to have ingested river water accidentally during swimming (95% CI: 3.07, 58.71). River water was found contaminated with sewage disposal from two public toilets which effluent grew salmonella spp. The typhoid outbreak in Sungai Congkak recreational park resulted from contaminated river water due to poor sanitation. Children who accidentally ingested river water were highly susceptible. Immediate closure and upgrading of public toilet has stopped the outbreak.

Bakteri Legionella pneumophila Terdeteksi pada Air Kolam Renang di Kota Surabaya dengan Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA BACTERIADETECTED IN SWIMMING POOL WATER OF SURABAYA BY USING NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

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Eduardus Bimo Aksono

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of this research was to detect the presence of bacteria of L. pneumophila species in the swimming pools water of Surabaya city by using nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR assay of a specific gene for L. pneumophila (mip gene. This study used purposive sampling method. A total of 10 water samples were collected from five swimming pools consisting of 200 mL water for each swimming pool. The results showed that of 10 samples tested by nested PCR, one sample was positive for L. pneumophila, and nine samples were negative. L. pneumophila were found in pool water samples with a higher temperature (>30ºC.Serogrouping analysis of positive sample that L. pneumophila bacteria detected in the water sample of swimming pool in Surabaya was L. pneumophila serogroup 9 (98% and serogroup 10 (98%. L. pneumophila detection of bacteria is expected to raise the awareness of physician and microbiologists about the transmission of L. pneumophila and will also be useful for controlling the agents. ABSTRAK Legionella pneumophila adalah bakteri Gram-negatif berbentuk batang yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit nosokomial dan pneumonia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri L. pneumophila pada air kolam renang di Kota Surabaya dengan menggunakan nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR berbasis gen spesifik L. pneumophila (mip gene. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sebanyak sepuluh sampel diambil dari lima kolam renang. Sampel diambil sebanyak 200 mL dari air kolam renang di setiap lokasi. Hasil dari 10 sampel yang diuji menggunakan nested PCR, satu sampel menunjukkan hasil positif untuk L.pneumophila, dan sembilan sampel menunjukkan hasil negatif. Bakteri L. pneumophila ditemukan pada sampel air kolam dengan suhu yang lebih tinggi (>30ºC. Satu sampel positip tersebut ketika dilanjutkan terhadap analisis serogrup

Strategic Planning of small and medium industries. Case study: Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Borneo Province

Science.gov (United States)

Elya, N.; Shoimah, F.; Kartika, A. P.; Sukanto, A. B.

2017-06-01

Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency has a potential of SMI (Small and Medium Industries) sectors can be developed as economic development. Based on RTRW of Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, the region has 14 SMI are a propeller, pottery, blacksmith, dried fish, purun webbing, pastries, dodol, crackers, imitation jewelry, woven water hyacinth, bamboo, syrup, brown sugar, and saber. There are several issues related to SMI development such as low quality and quantity of human resources, local raw material, limited capital, low competitiveness, conventional production equipment, and lack of media for marketing the product. The purpose of this study is to develop the leading sectors of SMI and improve the economy and quality of the resident. The research method is descriptive qualitative, leading sectors analysis and force field analysis. Data were obtained from primary and secondary survey of relevant institutions and interview to the community. Based on leading sectors analysis, there is six leading sector is a propeller, blacksmith, dodol, dried fish, pottery, and crackers. Based on force field analysis, determined the strategy for using operational excellence’s concept, so that we can develop the industrial sector by minimizing productions cost so SMI’s product can compete by the price and efficient production process.

Penurunan Logam Timbal (Pb pada Limbah Cair TPA Piyungan Yogyakarta dengan Constructed Wetlands Menggunakan Tumbuhan Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes

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Eko Siswoyo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Salah satu permasalahan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari adanya lindi di TPA Piyungan yaitu pencemaran pada badan air, sungai dan air tanah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini salah satunya dengan sistem Constructed Wetlands dengan menggunakan tumbuhah eceng gondok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat penurunan konsentrasi Timbal (Pb yang terdapat dalam limbah cair TPA Piyungan dengan Constructed Wetlands menggunakan tumbuhan eceng gondok dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kapasitas serapan tumbuhan eceng gondok terhadap kandungan Timbal (Pb dalam limbah cair TPA Piyungan.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan reaktor yang terbuat dari kayu yang dilapisi plastik dengan ukuran 0,5 m x 1,0 m. Setiap reaktor diberi media tanah 5 cm, dan diberi tumbuhan sebanyak 14 buah. Reaktor tersebut diberi perlakuan dengan konsentrasi limbah yang bervariasi (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, dan 0%, dan waktu pengambilan sampel (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hari. Dengan menggunakan metode SSA (Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom.Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh bahwa penurunan logam Pb pada limbah cair TPA Piyungan hari ke- 12, yaitu sebesar 0.0501mg/L pada konsentrasi 100%, 0.0295mg/L pada konsentrasi 75%, 0.0267mg/L pada konsentrasi 50% dan 0.0041 mg/L pada konsentrasi 25%.

PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAB ALAT UKUR KADAR KROM DALAM AIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PRINSIP SPEKTROSKOPI SERAPAN ATOM

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Tin Yunis Mahfudloh, Mohammad Tirono

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Air adalah bahan yang berperan penting dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Air steril dengan kandungan mineral yang cukup dan tidak terpolusi dapat berperan sebagai cairan yang menata keseimbangan tubuh. Apabila air yang dikosumsi manusia telah tercemar oleh sampah dan limbah industri yang mengandung zat-zat kimia/logam berat yang bersifat racun akan berbahaya Seperti kromium/krom dengan kode kimiawi Cr. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membuat alat ukur kadar krom dalam air dengan metode absorpsi dengan instrumen fotometri. Alat ukur kadar krom dalam air menggunakan prinsip spektroskopi serapan atom terdiri dari 2 sistem, yaitu sistem optik dan sistem elektronik. Sistem optik terdiri dari lampu halogen, filter cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 520.4, kuvet dan sensor photodioda. Sedangkan sistem elektronik terdiri dari ADC 0804, MCU AT89S51 dan LCD.  Prinsip keja alat ini adalah cahaya polikromatis yang dipancarkan oleh lampu halogen akan melewati filter sehingga cahaya polikromatis akan bersifat monokromatis. Cahaya akan melewati air dengan kadar krom 0% untuk mereset reagen dan pelarut kemudian dideteksi oleh sensor sehingga menghasilkan data I0. Setelah dideteksi air  akan bergeser ke atas dan sensor bergeser kebelakang untuk mendeteksi sampel yang mempunyai kadar krom tertentu dan menghasilkan data I1. Di dalam sampel ini terjadi penyerapan intensitas cahaya oleh atom krom. Kemudian data I0 dan I1 akan diolah oleh MCU AT89S51 dan ditampilkan pada LCD. Sampel yang digunakan adalah larutan H2O dengan K2Cr2O7 sebanyak 10 sampel dengan variasi kadar 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, dan 5%. Larutan krom diperoleh dengan cara mengencerkan 10gr K2Cr2O7 dalam 100ml H2O sehingga didapatkan K2Cr2O7 10% sebagai larutan stok, selanjutnya untuk mendapatkan K2Cr2O7 dengan kadar tertentu, maka diambil dari larutan stok kemudian diencerkan sampai volume 25 ml sesuai dengan rumus M1 V1 =M 2 V2 Hasil pegujian pada sistem elektronik menunjukkan

A Baseline Measure of Tree and Gastropod Biodiversity in Replanted and Natural Mangrove Stands in Malaysia: Langkawi Island and Sungai Merbok

Science.gov (United States)

Hookham, Brenda; Shau-Hwai, Aileen Tan; Dayrat, Benoit; Hintz, William

2014-01-01

The diversities of mangrove trees and of their associated gastropods were assessed for two mangrove regions on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Langkawi Island and Sungai Merbok. The mangrove area sampled on Langkawi Island was recently logged and replanted, whereas the area sampled in Sungai Merbok was part of a protected nature reserve. Mangrove and gastropod diversity were assessed in four 50 m2 (10 × 5 m) sites per region. The species richness (S), Shannon Index (H’) and Evenness Index (J’) were calculated for each site, and the mean S, H’ and J’ values were calculated for each region. We report low tree and gastropod S, H’ and J’ values in all sites from both regions. For Langkawi Island, the mean S, H’ and J’ values for mangrove trees were S = 2.00±0, H’ = 0.44±0.17 and J’ = 0.44±0.17; the mean S, H’ and J’ values for gastropods were S = 4.00±1.63, H’ = 0.96±0.41 and J’ = 0.49±0.06. In Sungai Merbok, the mean S, H’ and J’ values for mangrove trees were S = 1.33±0.58, H’ = 0.22±0.39 and J’ = 0.22 ±0.39; the mean S, H’ and J’ values for gastropods were S = 4.75±2.22, H’ = 1.23±0.63 and J’ = 0.55±0.12. This study emphasises the need for baseline biodiversity measures to be established in mangrove ecosystems to track the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and to inform management and restoration efforts. PMID:25210584

Integration of Magnetic and Geotechnical methods for Shallow Subsurface Soil Characterization at Sungai Batu, Kedah, Malaysia

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel, Y. M.; Saad, R.; Muztaza, N. M.; Saidin, M. M.; Muhammad, S. B.

2018-04-01

Magnetic and geotechnical methods were used for shallow subsurface soil characterization at Sungai Batu, Kedah, (Malaysia). Ground magnetic data were collected along a survey line of length 160 m long at 2 m constant station spacing, while soil drilling using hand auger was conducted at 21 m on the survey line using 0.2 m sampling interval drilled to a depth of 5 m. Result from the processed magnetic profile data shows distribution of magnetic residuals in the range of -4.55 to 1.61 nT, with magnetic low (-4.55 nT to -0.058 nT) and were identified at distances 4 m, 10 to 16 m, 20 to 26 m, 58 m, 82 m, 104 to 106 m, 118 m, and 124 to 140 m. The magnetic lows are attributes of sediments. The result from the soil drilling shows sticky samples with variable sizes, greyish to brownish / reddish in colour, and some of the samples show the presence of shiny and black spots. The characteristics of the samples suggest the soil as a by-product of completely weathered rock; weak with high water content and classified as Grade V soil. The study concludes; integration of geophysical and geotechnical methods aided in characterizing the subsurface soil at Sungai Batu. The result was correlated with previous studies and confirms the importance of integrated approach in minimising ambiguity in interpretation.

POTENSI “IKAN MURAI AIR TAWAR” (Gymnothorax polyuranodon SEBAGAI IKAN HIAS

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Ahmad Musa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan potensi sumberdaya alam hayati termasuk di dalamnya ikan-ikan air tawar, payau, dan laut yang prospeknya dikembangkan sebagai komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Ikan murai air tawar (Gymnothorax polyuranodon merupakan salah satu spesies ikan yang sebarannya cukup luas di Indonesia. Dalam siklus hidupnya ikan murai ini hidup di air tawar, payau dan laut. Corak warna coklat kekuningan dengan bintik hitam bulat yang tidak teratur pada kepala seperti pita-pita yang warnanya memanjang yang lengkap serta bentuknya yang mirip ular menyebabkan ikan murai ini juga dijadikan ikan hias. Tiga kali koleksi ikan murai di alam telah dilakukan di Sungai Lasusua, Sulawesi Tenggara pada September 2008, Oktober, dan November 2009.

studies of action of heavy metals on caffeine degradation

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2015-12-02

Dec 2, 2015 ... Sungai Berembang (Perlis), Pantai Teluk Air Tawar and. Sungai Layar ... (0.75% w/v) was added to 100 mL deionised water and heated to 75 °C. Then, .... derived from 36 waste generators and comprised of metal hydroxide ...

IMPACT ON ECONOMIC SECTOR DEVELOPMENT TO POTENTIAL CONFLICT IN DELTA MAHAKAM FPMU (PRODUCTION AND SUNGAI BERAM HITAM FPMU (PROTECTION

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Sylviani

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Regional economic growth is determined by the potential of existing natural resources, including for fisheries and mining. The development of the two sectors also opens up potential for conflict with other sectors. The aim of the study is to determine the role of the sectors and the impact of economic growth to potential conflict in the research area. This research was conducted at Delta Mahakam Forest Production Management Unit (FPMU and Sungai Beram Hitam Forest Protection Management Unit (FPMU . Base sector approach was conducted to determine the superior sector by Location Quotient (LQ using GDP variable. The results showed that at Delta Mahakam, mining sector was the dominant, and the second largest was fisheries with LQ ≥1. While at the Sungai Beram Hitam fisheries sector was the dominant sector, and the mining sector was non base since its value ≤1. Process of forest area utilization for mining in Jambi was done through leasing of forest lands, but not in East Kalimantan. Conflict resolution between mining and fisheries sector with community was done through compensation. FMU status and position can be enhanced by granting authority on the leasing of forest area for strategic sector development and national interests.

ANALISIS PERMIBILITAS KERUANGAN DAN DINAMIKA FLUIDA ANGIN DAN SUHU KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN TROPIS SUNGAI DI BANJARMASIN, INDONESIA (An Analysis on Spatial Permeability and Fluid Dynamics of Wind and Thermal in Tropical Riverside Residential Areas

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Budi Prayitno

2013-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Permukiman tepian sungai di Banjarmasin secara alami merupakan permukiman berbasis pada alam dan budaya huni sungai, saat ini mengalami degradasi kualitas kehidupan dan alamnya. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh bencana kebakaran, banjir dan tinggi resiko terjadinya urban heat island. Secara konfigurasi keruangan tidak terjadi hubungan dan keterpaduan antara ruang arsitektur dan infrastruktur kawasan yang berbasis daratan dan perairan. Fenomena yang terjadi adalah kepadatan, hubungan kawasan darat dan sungai yang lemah serta degradasi kualitas lingkungan. Selain itu kenyamanan termal kawasan pun sangat rendah, yaitu: aliran angin yang tidak lancar, kelembaban cukup tinggi dan suhu yang tidak nyaman. Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan eksperimen melalui pendekatan simulasi permibilitas ruang dan kenyamanan termal dengan menggunakan metode analisis ruang dengan program Space Syntax dan metode analisis kenyamanan termal dengan program Envimet. Penelitian ini membandingkan kondisi eksisiting dan usulan model arsitektur permukiman kampung beringkat yang berbasis arsitektur permukiman vernakular tepi sungai Banjarmasin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah melalui pendekatan permibilitas keruangan yang mensimbiosiskan konfigurasi antara ruang darat dan air serta arsitektur kawasan dapat ditingkatkan kinerja kejelasan keruangannya tetapi secara kenyamanan termal tidak menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja secara signifikan karena morfologi kawasan yang relatif datar dan dengan proporsi ketinggian rata-rata bangunan yang rendah sehingga tidak terbentuk jalur pergerakan angin sebagai sarana ventilasi dan kenyamanan termal kawasan. ABSTRACT Riverside settlements in Banjarmasin that were initially based on their river culture and nature are currently experiencing degradation of life quality and nature. This is caused by fires, floods, and a high risk of urban heat island. In terms of spatial configuration there are no interrelation and integration between regional

PAPARAN SENG DI PERAIRAN KALIGARANG TERHADAP EKSPRESI Zn-THIONEIN DAN KONSENTRASI SENG PADA HATI IKAN MAS

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NK Dewi

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui paparan seng (Zn di perairan Kaligarang terhadap ekspresi Zn-thionein dan konsentrasi seng pada hati ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L. Sebanyak 200 ekor ikan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 100 ekor. Kelompok kontrol dipelihara di kolam ikan di Balai Benih Ikan Kabupaten Semarang, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan dipelihara pada karamba jaring apung di bagian hilir sungai Kaligarang. Setiap minggu sampel ikan diambil masing-masing lima ekor dari kedua kelompok secara acak untuk diambil organ hatinya dan dianalisis konsentrasi seng dan Zn-thionein. Ikan pada kedua kelompok dipelihara hingga Zn-thionein muncul pada hati ikan. Metallothionein diisolasi dari hati ikan dan dianalisis menggunakan metode High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, dengan larutan standar seng. Setiap satu minggu sekali, konsentrasi seng terlarut pada sampel air dari kedua kelompok diukur dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy hingga Zn-thionein muncul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi seng yang terlarut dalam air sungai Kaligarang adalah 0,078 mg/l, lebih tinggi dari nilai baku mutu air kelas I (0,05 mg/l. Rata-rata konsentrasi seng yang terabsorbi oleh hati ikan mas pada minggu ke-6 adalah 0,025868 mg/l, lebih rendah dari batas maksimum cemaran seng (100 mg/kg. Rata-rata konsentrasi seng pada hati ikan sebesar 0,025868 µg/g dapat menginduksi munculnya Zn-thionein pada hati ikan mas yang hidup di perairan Kaligarang pada minggu ke-6 perlakuan. The research aims to find concentration of dissolved zinc in the water of Kaligarang River and absorbed zinc concentration inside the liver of carp, also to analyze zinc exposure in Kaligarang River toward Zn-thionein induction inside the liver of carp. The concentration of dissolved zinc was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method until Zn-thionein emerges. Metallothionein was isolated from the liver of carp and analyzed using High-Performance Liquid

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rakyat Berbasis Pesantren di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara

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Surya Supi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Pesantren are widely spread in Indonesia reaching to the most remote areas, hence have the potential to empower people’s economy. Pesantren are involved in fostering self sufficiency among its members as well as the general society, which makes them a potential capital for empowering people’s economy. Using the integrity and capacity to mobilize resources. Pesantren are an important source in effort to increase community production and productivity. The study focused on two Pesantren Nurul Fajri of pesantren and Kholidiyah of pesantren located in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, as example to evaluate the interchange and interactive between Islamic institutes / school and society. Society benefit from the existence of pesantren through various services and products of its business unit which contribute to solving their economic problems, contribute to community capital through the nurturing and promoting of cooperatives and employment. In addition, in the context capacity development, pesantren education contributes to community rejuvenation and society development, instill values and norm of hardworking, diligence, commitment, which vital for harmonious human existence, self actualization, and development.

DISTRIBUSI PARASIT USUS PROTOZOA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Anorital Anorital

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The intestinal infection disease caused by protozoa: amoeba is one of the public health problem with high incidence in the community. From the research activity conducted in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in the year 2002, to obtain of prevalence of protozoa infection from stool examination from resident in 6 villages at 3 subdistrict in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. The research has conducted to be carry out survey parasite to the community. Sample size will be examination are 230 persons per village, so that to 6 villages will be examed as 1.600 persons. The examination directly by using lugol 2% and checked on the microscope with magnification 10x10 and 10x40. For resident which its sample stool is positive the protozoa to be given a treatment by metronidazol. From stool examination result obtained prevalence resident which are positive the amoeba intestine protozoa is Entamoeba coli 19,8%, Endolimax nana 15,8%, and Entamoeba histolityca 15,4%. While prevalence resident which are positive the intestine flagellata/B. hominis is Blastocystis hominis 25,5% and Giardia lamblia 11,6%. From 5 micro-organism on the intestine. Entamoeba histolityca, Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia are cause diarrhoea because having the pathogenic. From survey ot socio-cultural, known also the resident percentage which drinking no safe water 43,3%, source of drinking water obtained from river or swamp is 67,7%, human waste disposal in river and swamp is 79,5%, and take a bath and brush the teeth with water of river and swamp is 78,6%; showing bad condition of environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and life behavior. Good personal hygiene and environmental sanitation practices are the major factors of this disease prevention. The main principle to prevent the spreading of protozoa infection is to cut off the link of infection sources to human beings. Personal hygiene is focused on the management of individual behaviour, meanwhile environmental sanitation

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN ANOMALI GRAVITASI DENGAN PERSEBARAN INTRUSI AIR ASIN (STUDI KASUS JAKARTA 2006-2007

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Litanya Octonovrilna

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Aplikasi pada bidang geofisika, berupa pengukuran gravitasi dilakukan di lapangan dalam jangka waktu tertentu, dengan tujuan untuk mendeteksi perubahan kondisi bawah permukaan bumi. Dalam hal ini dilakukan pengukuran gravitasi di wilayah Jakarta untuk mendeteksi perubahan kondisi hidrologi Jakarta dalam kaitannya dengan fenomena intrusi air asin. Secara geografis daerah penelitian berada pada -6.35158 s.d -6.08655 LS dan 106.689 s.d. 106.955 BT. Pengolahan data gravitasi wilayah Jakarta dilakukan dalam 2 periode, yaitu periode I (September 2006 dan periode II (November–Desember 2007. Anomali gravitasi  tertinggi terdapat pada bagian pusat dan barat Jakarta ini mengindikasikan terjadinya fenomena subsidensi dan kekosongan massa akibat eksploitasi air tanah serta tekanan dari sejumlah gedung tinggi yang berpusat pada daerah tersebut. Anomali gravitasi terendah terdapat di bagian barat laut Jakarta yang bersesuaian konsentrasi nilai kepayauan tertinggi, mengindikasikan adanya intrusi air asin yang diakibatkan oleh adanya fenomena Conate Water yang menyusup  pada aquifer air tanah akibat eksplotasi air tanah berlebih. Hubungan pola aliran sungai dengan nilai kepayauan air, membuktikan adanya pengaruh sungai aquifer air tanah, namun dampaknya tidak terlalu berpengaruh terlebih pada aquifer dalam.   Gravity measurements are conducted in the field within a certain period in order to detect changes in the earth's surface conditions. We conducted gravity measurements in Jakarta to detect changes in hydrologic conditions in connection to salt water intrusion phenomena. The data processing performed in the two periods, the first period is September 2006 and the second one is November-December 2007. The highest gravity anomalies are in central and western parts of Jakarta. This implies the occurrence of mass subsidence and void due to the exploitation of ground water and the pressure from a number of high buildings based on the area. The lowest gravity

EFEKTIFITAS RENDAM KAKI MENGGUNAKAN AIR HANGAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIMPANG TIGA KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2016

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yessi harnani

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Hipertensi adalah penyakit kelainan jantung dan pembuluh darah yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Peningkatan tekanan darah yang tidak ditangani akan menyebabkan komplikasi seperti stroke dan gagal jantung. Rendam kaki air hangat merupakan salah satu terapi komlementer yang bisa menurunkan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas rendam kaki menggunakan air hangat terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre Eksperimental pretest dan posttest desaign. Sampel adalah lansia penderita hiperetnsi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Tiga kota Pekanbaru. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengambilan data dengan cara observasi menggunakan Thermometer Air. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon Test. Hasil pengkajian sebelum dilakukan terapi sebagian besar lansia mengalami hipertensi stadium II. Hasil uji statistic didapatkan bahwa nilai P value sistol yaitu 0,000 (< 0,05 dan P value diastol yaitu 0,000 (<0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak. Terapi rendam kaki menggunakan air hangat efektif terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Tiga Kota Pekanbaru. Diharapkan kepada lansia untuk selalu mengontrol tekanan darah, jika terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah dapat menggunakan terapi rendam kaki air hangat dalam mengatasi hipertensi yang dialami, sebagai bentuk terapi komplementer yang murah dan mudah dilakukan secara mandiri

Correlation of Self Potential and Ground Magnetic Survey Techniques to Investigate Fluid Seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia

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Tajudeen O. Adeeko; Nordiana M. Muztaza; Taqiuddin M. Zakaria; Nurina Ismail

2018-01-01

One of the substantial of geophysics is to investigate the subsurface condition of the earth (groundwater) using appropriate geophysical techniques. In this research the correlation of self potential (SP) and ground magnetic methods was used to investigate fluid seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia. Self-potential method was used to determine flow of water, and Ground magnetic method was used to find object that can influence the result of self potential...

Correlation of Geophysical and Geotechnical Methods for Sediment Mapping in Sungai Batu, Kedah

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Zakaria, M. T.; Taib, A.; Saidin, M. M.; Saad, R.; Muztaza, N. M.; Masnan, S. S. K.

2018-04-01

Exploration geophysics is widely used to map the subsurface characteristics of a region, to understand the underlying rock structures and spatial distribution of rock units. 2-D resistivity and seismic refraction methods were conducted in Sungai Batu locality with objective to identify and map the sediment deposit with correlation of borehole record. 2-D resistivity data was acquire using ABEM SAS4000 system with Pole-dipole array and 2.5 m minimum electrode spacing while for seismic refraction ABEM MK8 seismograph was used to record the seismic data and 5 kg sledgehammer used as a seismic source with geophones interval of 5 m spacing. The inversion model of 2-D resistivity result shows that, the resistivity values 500 Ωm as the hard layer for this study area. The seismic result indicates that the velocity values 3600 m/s interpreted as the hard layer in this locality.

A population based survey on knowledge and awareness of breast cancer in the suburban females of Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia

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Mirza Rafi Baig; Vikneswari Subramaniam; Annaliza Anusha Chandrasegar; Tahir Mehmood Khan

2011-01-01

Background: Globally breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and a major public health challenge to women health. Malaysia is also one of the Asian nations that is facing the dilemma breast cancer with an Age Standardised Rate (ASR) of female breast cancer among Malaysian women was 47.4 per 100,000 populations. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of Breast Cancer among the women of different age groups and various races in the sub-urban town of Sungai Petani, Malaysia...

Studi Kasus; “Koreksi terhadap Pengukuran Polutan di Udara Unit Perajin Logam dan Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan”

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Husaini Husaini

2016-09-01

Full Text Available AbstractUnderstanding on the reaction of various air pollutants until today continues to grow, even it is hard to find information about the results of the reaction of various air pollutants standard. The aim of the research was to analyze and to correct of the the various air pollutants as well as to determine the health impact of blacksmith in 2014. The samples consisted of 38 blacksmith from 38 working units in Hulu Sungai Selatan of South Kalimantan. Analytical approach of the examination of air pollutants, blood samples and pulmonary functions of selected workers was applied in this study. The results showed a decrease in lung function and abnormalization workers immune response, as a result of exposure to various air pollutants. It is very difficult to determine and predict the causality of air pollution and health impact since there must be various factors contributing to the the health impact. because it is caused by pollutants singly or may be caused from the various reactions of these pollutants, for that, the correction need on the measurement and analysis of air pollutants that made so far, including its impact on the human body. The benefit of this research as a form of correction to use the Threshold Limit Value (TLV and measurement of air pollutants, including the impact of the target organ in the human body.Keywords : Measurements correction, pollutants, lung function, immune response.AbstrakPemahaman reaksi berbagai polutan di udara sampai saat ini terus berkembang, bahkan hampir tidak ditemukan informasi tentang standar hasil reaksi berbagai polutan di udara. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis dan koreksi pengukuran berbagai polutan di udara serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan perajin logam. Studi kasus dilakukan pada 38 perajin logam serta 38 unit kerjanya di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan tahun 2013 dengan pendekatan observational analitik beserta pengambilan contoh polutan di udara dan pengambilan sampel

Sustainable River Water Quality Management in Malaysia

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Abdullah Al-Mamun

2013-04-01

, kualiti air di pedalaman Malaysia (terutama sungai semakin merosot. Kebanyakan sungai tercemar akibat pencemaran di punca sumber air dan pencemaran di bukan punca sumber air. Punca sumber air dipantau dan dikawal oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS, tetapi sejumlah besar pencemaran adalah sisa yang tidak dirawat dan air larian ribut. Walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak terlambat untuk mengambil beberapa langkah berani untuk mengawal pencemaran di punca sumber air dan sisa tidak dirawat kerana langkah ini memainkan peranan penting bagi kebersihan sungai. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji prosedur dan garis panduan sedia ada berkaitan perlindungan kualiti air sungai di Malaysia. Ada kemungkinan bahawa had kumbahan dan pelepasan efluen dalam Akta Kualiti Alam Sekitar (EQA boleh menimbulkan halangan terhadap mencapai kualiti air yang baik di dalam sungai seperti yang dikehendaki oleh Piawaian Kualiti Kebangsaan Air (NWQS. Sebagai contoh, Ammoniakal Nitrogen (NH3-N dikenal pasti sebagai salah satu bahan pencemar utama yang menyebabkan banyak sungai tercemar tetapi ia tidak dianggap sebagai parameter pemantauan dalam EQA hingga peraturan baru diterbitkan pada tahun 2009. Yang menghairankan, peraturan baru menetapkan had efluen perindustrian dan kumbahan dibenarkan pada kepekatan NH3-N yang agak tinggi (5 mg / l, dan ini mungkin menyebabkan nilai Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI sungai rendah. Persekitaran air adalah sistem dinamik. Menjalankan semakan berkala mengenai syarat pemantauan, mengesan bahan pencemaran di dalam kumbahan, efluen dan aliran, dan semakan piawaian kualiti air yang wajar adalah perlu bagi pengurusan sumber air lestari di negara ini. KEYWORDS:Environmental Quality Act (EQA; point source (PS; non-point source (NPS; sustainable uses; Water Quality Index (WQI

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air untuk Pengembangan Pariwisata di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

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Roland Sinulingga

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk (a menganalisis kondisi ketersediaan air di Pulau Pari, (b menganalisis kondisi kualitas air di Pulau Pari, (c menganalisis kebutuhan air dan proyeksinya untuk masa yang akan datang di Pulau Pari, dan (d merumuskan strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya air untuk pariwisata di Pulau Pari. Metode penelitian terdiri atas perhitungan neraca air, kebutuhan air, metode geometrik, analisis deskriptif, dan analisis SWOT. Pengambilan sampel air dan penduduk menggunakan metode purposive, sedangkan sampel wisatawan menggunakan metode accidental random sampling. Hasil akhir penelitian ketersediaan airtanah di Pulau Pari sebesar 290000,48 m3/tahun. Kualitas airtanah di lokasi penelitian tergolong baik. Besarnya kebutuhan air tahun 2013 sebesar 46381,947 m3/tahun. Pada tahun 2018 menjadi 54443,953 m3/tahun dan pada tahun 2023 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 63548,472 m3/tahun. Prioritas utama strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya air untuk pariwisata yaitu membuat kebijakan pembatasan pengunjung agar kelestarian pulau dan sumberdaya air tetap terjaga.   ABSTRACT This study aims to (a analyze water availability conditions in Pari Island, (b analyze the water quality conditions in Pari Island, (c analyze water demand and water projections for the future in Pari Island, and (d formulate strategies management water resources for tourism in Pari Island. The research method consists of the calculation of the water balance, water requirements, geometric methods, descriptive analysis, and SWOT analysis. Water sampling and settlement using purposive method, tourist’s samples using accidental random sampling. The final results of The amount of soil water availability in Pari Island of 290000,48 m3 / year. Groundwater quality in the study area are classified as good. The amount of water demand in 2013 amounted to 46381,947 m3 / year. In 2018 became 54443,953 m3 / year and in 2023 increased to 63548,472 m3 / year. First priority water resource

Removal of Oil and Grease as Emerging Pollutants of Concern (EPC in Wastewater Stream

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Alade Abass O

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Wastewater characteristics, which depend on wastewater source, are increasingly becoming more toxic in recent times. The concentrations of oil and grease in wastewater streams have been observed to increase in wastewater stream with increasing adverse effects on the ecology. This results from the increasing use of oil and grease in high-demanded oil-processed foods, establishment and expansion of oil mills and refineries worldwide, as well as indiscriminate discharge of oil and grease into the water drains, domestically and industrially. This study reports the applications, efficiencies and challenges of the wastewater treatment techniques currently employed in the removal of oil and grease from the industrial wastewater and municipal water stream. The results shows that the concentrations of oil and grease injected into the ecosystem are of higher environmental impact and this needs to be given the desired attention. The desired development for effective removal of oil and grease as emerging pollutants of concern (EPC in wastewater stream are thus proposed. ABSTRAK: Ciri-ciri air sisa, bergantung kepada punca air sisa tersebut, menjadi semakin toksik akhir-akhir ini. Kepekatan minyak dan gris dalam air sisa anak sungai dilihat makin bertambah dalam air sisa anak sungai dengan bertambahnya kesan negatif ke atas ekologi. Ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan penggunaan minyak dan gris dalam makanan berproses yang tinggi permintaannya, penubuhan dan perkembangan kilang pertroleum dan loji penapisan di seluruh dunia. Minyak dan gris juga dibuang sewenang-wenangnya ke dalam parit air, dari kalangan domestik dan industry. Kajian ini membentangkan tentang aplikasi, keberkesanan dan teknik cabaran rawatan air buangan yang kini digunakan dalam pembuangan minyak dan gris dari air sisa industry dan air sungai perbandaran. Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan minyak dan gris yang wujud dibuang ke dalam ekosistem mempunyai impak yang lebih tinggi terhadap persekitaran

Study of radon concentration and toxic elements in drinking and irrigated water and its implications in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia

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Nisar Ahmad

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The radon activity concentration and toxic elements have been assessed in drinking and irrigated water samples collected from different locations of Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. The water samples were collected from wells, streams and taps. A calibrated alpha spectrometer RAD-7 (Model 2890 and Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (Perkin–Elmer, Model AAnalyst 200, Shimadzu, Model AA-700 were used to estimate radon activity concentration and toxic elements, respectively. Maximum average value of radon concentration among the various types of water sources was found 14.7 ± 1.44 Bq/l in well water used for drinking and irrigation and minimum was found 5.37 ± 0.58 Bq/l in tap water used for drinking. Contribution of radon in drinking water to indoor air and age dependent associated annual effective doses were calculated from the measured radon concentration and were found less than lower limit of recommended action level. The activity concentrations of Ni > Pb > Cd > As > Cr were found higher for streams water as compared to wells and tap water. Values of radon concentration in well water were found higher than EPA recommended level and lower than WHO action level while the annual effective doses and level of toxic elements in water reported in this study were found lower than recommended level.

PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA CONTAMINATION IN HOUSEHOLD WATER IN SETTLEMENT AREA OF DEMAK REGENCY

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Dyah Widiastuti

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis penting di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Penularan penyakit ini dapat terjadi melalui kontak dengan air yang terkontaminasi bakteri Leptospira patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeteksi Leptospira patogen pada air konsumsi di pemukiman Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian observasional ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2014. Sebanyak 15 sampel air konsumsi dikumpulkan dari area pemukiman di sekitar kasus leptospirosis terbaru di Kabupaten Demak. Sampel diperiksa menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR untuk mendeteksi kontaminasi Leptospira patogenik dengan gen target LipL32. Lima sampel (46,7% menunjukkan kontaminasi positif dari spesies patogenik dari Leptospira berdasarkan PCR. Leptospira patogenik dapat dideteksi dalam lingkungan Demak dan ini berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya penularan leptospirosis. Kata kunci: Leptospira, air konsumsi, Demak

Kualitas Air Tanah di Tiga Ibu Kota Kecamatan (Kutowinangun, Prembun dan Kutoarjo dan Kaitannya dengan Sanitasi Lingkungan Sekitar

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S Sudarmadji

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Air tanah masih merupakan sumber air untuk keperluan sehari-hari bagi penduduk perkotaan, lebih-lebih kota kecil pada umumnya. Sumber daya air menunjukkan gejala penurunan kualitas yang disebabkan oleh dampak berbagai macam kegiatan yang menghasilkan limbah dan sistem sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik. Daerah-daerah perkotaan yang terletak di dataran alluvial pantai dapat merupakan daerah yang rawan terhadap pencemaran air tanah. Tiga ibu kota kecamatan, yaitu Kutowinangun dan Prembun, Kabupaten Kebumen dan Kutoarjo Kabupaten Purworejo yang terletak saling berdekatan diteliti untuk mengetahui kualitas air tanah yang merupakan sumber air domestik penduduknya dalam kaitannya dengan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan serta persepsi masyarakat terhadap pencemaran sumber air tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan di lapangan wawancara dengan penduduk serta analisis laboratorium terhadap sampel air tanah yang diambil. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan gejala kualitas air di tiga kota tersebut sudah memperlihatkan gejala penurunan, walaupun belum sampai melampaui ambang batas baku mutu air Golongan B. Penurunan tersebut terlibat dengan tingginya kadar NO2, SO4, Cl, COD dan bakteri coli. Diperkirakan bahwa tingginya kadar zat tersebut terkait dengan masalah limbah yang dibuang, yang didukung oleh sanitasi lingkungan yang masih belum baik. Kadar NO2 dan NO3 cenderung lebih tinggi di daerah pusat kota yang merupakan pusat aktivitas penduduk, dibandingkan dengan daerah pinggir kota. Limbah dari aktivitas kegiatan penduduk di pusat-pusat pelayanan umum, termasuk juga dari sarana transportasi di jalan raya dapat merupakan sumber pencemar air tanah. Bakteri coli pada umumnya tinggi di ketiga kota yang diteliti, melebihi 2400 MPN/100ml. Angka COD yang tinggi teramati didalam air tanah Kutowinangun dan Prembun, lebih dari 25% sampel di kedua kota ini memiliki COD diatas 10 mg/l, sedangkan di Kutoarjo relatif lebih rendah. Hal yang

Potensi Bencana Geologi Pada Penambangan Emas dan Lempung di Desa Cihonje Kecamatan Gumelar Kabupaten Banyumas

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Asmoro Widagdo

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Desa Cihonje di Kecamatan Gumelar, Kabupaten Banyumas, memiliki sumber daya mineral seperti emas dan tanah liat kaolin. Kedua mineral ini telah dilakukaneksploitasi oleh masyarakat setempat. Pemanfaatan sumber daya ini telah memberikan kemakmuran bagi warga setempat. Namun, upaya pertambangan tidak dalam kondisi baik dan masih belum berlisensi. Penggalian emas dan tanah liat di sekitar area perumahan telah membawa dampak yang sangat mengkhawatirkan terhadap keselamatan para penambang dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini pada potensi bencana yang mungkin menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat setempat dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung. observasi lapangan ini dilakukan dengan memetakan lokasi operasi pertambangan, perubahan lingkungan dilakukan deskripsi, mengambil gambar dan wawancara dengan penduduk dan para penambang. pertambangan emas primer mengambil urat mineral dengan membuat sumur vertikal dan horizontal. sumur ini sangat dalam dan mencapai puluhan meter. Hal ini telah mengancam keselamatan para penambang, mengganggu penggunaan lahan sebagai daerah pertanian, yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan sumber air tanah, menyebabkan tanah longsor dan mencemari sumber air sungai. pertambangan emas sekunder pada deposito aluvial di tepi sungai telah menyebabkan kerusakan lahan pertanian, erosi sungai dan pencemaran air. Pertambangan tanah liat telah menyebabkan perubahan dalam pengaturan lingkungan dan potensi longsor.

HULU SUNGAI PERAK BED SEDIMENT MAPPING USING UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SONAR

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N. Arriafdi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Development in acoustic survey techniques in particular side scan sonar have revolutionized the way we are able to image, map and understand the riverbed environment. It is now cost effective to image large areas of the riverbed using these techniques and the backscatter image created from surveys provides base line data from which thematic maps of the riverbed environment including maps of morphological geology, can be derived when interpreted in conjunction with in situ sampling data. This article focuses on investigation characteristics of sediments and correlation of side scan backscatter image with signal strength. The interpretation of acoustic backscatter rely on experienced interpretation by eye of grey scale images produced from the data. A 990F Starfish Side Scan Sonar was used to collect and develop a series of sonar images along 6 km of Hulu Sungai Perak. Background sediments could be delineated accurately and the image textures could be linked to the actual river floor appearance through grab sampling. A major difference was found in the acoustic returns from the two research area studies: the upstream area shows much rougher textures. This is due to an actual differences in riverbed roughness, caused by a difference in bottom currents and sediment dynamics in the two areas. The highest backscatter correlates with coarsest and roughness sediment. Result suggest that image based backscatter classification shows considerable promise for interpretation of side scan sonar data for the production of geological maps.

SITUS “KOTO RAYO” DAN KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI TEPI SUNGAI TABIR JAMBI

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Pahrudin -

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Dalam penelitian ini, penulis  membahas  ‘Koto Rayo’, sebuah pemukiman kuno di sisi Sungai Tabir, Jambi sebagai sebuah budaya dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian difokuskan pada nilai kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat dalam kaitan dengan situs ini. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan memunculkan fakta-fakta sebagai berikut. Pulau Sumatera memiliki peradaban tinggi di masa lalu, khususnya melalui Kerajaan Sriwijaya yang mengontrol dan mendominasi seluruh pulau ini dan sebagian besar wilayah Asia Tenggara. Salah satu wilayah Kerajaan Sriwijaya di Pulau Sumatera adalah Jambi, yang dahulu memiliki banyak Kerajaan Melayu. ‘Koto Rayo’ yang terletak di sisi Sungai Tabir ‘mungkin’ salah satu peradaban yang berhubungan dengan sejarah Kerajaan Melayu Jambi dan atau Kerajaan Sriwijaya di masa lalu. Situs ini mempengaruhi beberapa perilaku kearifan lokal pada masyarakat sekitar dalam wujud perilaku yang tegas dalam melestarikan lingkungan dan menjaga warisan budaya. Kearifan lokal ini penting untuk meminimalisir efek negatif globalisasi.The objective of this study is to discuss ’Koto Rayo’, an ancient settlement on the side of Tabir river, Jambi as a culture and local wisdom. The study focused on the value of local knowledge in the communities in connection with this site. Data was collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The results and discussion led to the following facts. The island of Sumatra has a high civilization in the past, particularly through the kingdom of Srivijaya that controls and dominates the entire island and most of the Southeast Asia region. One of the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra is Jambi, which once had many Malay kingdom. ’Rayo Koto’ located on the side of Tabir river is ’probably’ one of civilization associated with the history of the Malay kingdom of Srivijaya kingdom of Jambi in the past. This site affects some local

KEBERTAHANAN RUMAH GADANG DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI WILAYAH BUDAYA ALAM SURAMBI SUNGAI PAGU, KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN

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Syafwan Syafwan

2016-03-01

Artikel ini merupakan intisari dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan di sebuah wilayah yang pernah diusulkan kepada UNESCO sebagai salah satu warisan budaya dunia tentang kebertahanan rumah gadang yang terdapat di wilayah budaya Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu, Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Fenomena ini unik, karena kontradikitif dengan fenomena umumnya di wilayah-wilayah lain di Minangkabau, di mana terdapat kecendrungan rumah gadang makin lama makin punah sebagai dampak perubahan sosio-kultural pada masyarakat Minangkabau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan naturalistik. Penelitian ini menemukan enam faktor penyebab fenomena kebertahanan rumah gadang di wilayah ini, yaitu 1 faktor menegakkan harkat, martabat dan kehormatan kaum dan gelar kepenghuluan yang melekat pada kaum, 2 faktor merantau, 3 faktor asas patah tumbuh hilang berganti, 4 faktor lokal jenius “mangguntiang sibak baju”, 5 faktor lokal jenius “balah pinang” dan 6 faktor kawasan destinasi wisata. Kata Kunci: warisan dunia, budaya, kebertahanan, rumah gadang.

Kualitas Air Sumur Gali Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang Berdasarkan Indeks Most Probable Number (MPN

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Randa Novalino

2016-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakDiare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air terkontaminasi oleh agen penyebab seperti bakteri Coliform.  Menurut data Dinas Kesehatan Kota (DKK Padang pada tahun 2011, kejadian diare di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang merupakan kasus tertinggi di Kota Padang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kualitas air sumur gali di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya berdasarkan Indeks Most Probable Number (MPN menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Permenkes RI No. 416 tahun 1990. Sampel penelitian ini adalah  air sumur gali yang digunakan di beberapa Rukun Tetangga (RT, yang diambil secara acak dari beberapa Rukun Warga (RW yang telah dipilih sebelumnya, sehingga didapatkan 15 sampel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahap yaitu pengambilan sampel air sumur gali sekaligus observasi faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas air dan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dengan metode Most Probable Number (MPN Test. Tes ini terdiri dari tes presumtif dan tes konfirmatif yang disesuaikan dengan Permenkes RI. Hasil penelitian ialah 73,33% dari jumlah sumur yang diperiksa tidak memenuhi standar Permenkes R.I. karena mengandung Coliform > 50 pada setiap 100 ml air. Hanya 26,6% sumur yang memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan. Beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi yaitu lokasi sumber pencemaran, dinding parapet, drainase, tutup sumur dan sarana pengambilan air.Kata kunci: kualitas air sumur gali, MPN, coliform AbstractDiarrhea is one of the diseases that  transmitted through contaminated water by causative agent, one of which is coliform bacteria. According to data from City Health Department Padang in 2011, the incidence of diarrhea in Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya Kecamatan Koto Tangah – Padang is the highest case in the city of Padang. The objective of this study was to determine the water quality of wells dug in Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya by Most Probable Number Index (MPN according regulation of Indonesian health

PEMODELAN FAKTOR K BERBASIS RASTER SEBAGAI MASUKAN PEMODELAN EROSI DI DAS MERAWU, BANJARNEGARA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH (Modeling of Raster-Based of K Factor as Input for Erosion Modeling at Merawu Catchment, Banjarnegara, Central Java Province

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Bambang Sulistyo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketelitian absolut pemodelan faktor K berbasis raster sebagai masukan dalam pemodelan erosi Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Merawu, Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah.Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengambil 30 sampel tanah secara stratified random sampling berdasarkan bentuklahan DAS Merawu. Sampel tanah tersebut kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium sehingga diperoleh tekstur, permeabilitas, bahan organik, dan struktur yang diperlukan untuk menghitung faktor K menggunakan rumus yang sudah ada. Dari 30 sampel yang diambil, 24 sampel digunakan untuk menghitung faktor K dalam pemodelan, sedangkan 6 sampel lainnya digunakan sebagai uji model. Pengeplotan nilai K pada sampel di atas peta dilakukan sesuai dengan lokasi sampel, kemudian dilakukan digitasi dan rasterisasi dan dilakukan interpolasi spasial untuk memperoleh Peta K untuk setiap piksel dengan metode Kriging. Hasil pemodelan K tersebut (Kmodel kemudian diuji pada 6 lokasi (Kaktual untuk mengetahui ketelitian pemodelan. Kmodel dikatakan teliti jika memiliki nilai ≥ 80% terhadap Kaktual.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan faktor K berbasis raster di DAS Merawu mempunyai ketelitian melebihi nilai ambang yang ditetapkan, yaitu sebesar 89,068%, yang menunjukkan bahwa peta hasil pemodelan menggunakan analisis Kriging dapat digunakan untuk analisis lebih lanjut dalam menghitung erosi. ABSTRACT The research was aimed at knowing the absolute accuracy of modeling of raster-based K factor as input for Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE erosion modeling at Merawu Catchment, Banjarnegara, Central Java Province. Methodology applied was by taking 30 soil samples of stratified random sampling based on landform of Merawu Catchment. Those 30 soil samples then were analised in a laboratory to get their texture, permeability, organic matter, and structure for K factor computation using the existing formula. From 30

POTENSI KELEMBAGAAN LOKALDALAM PENGELOLAAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (Studi Kasus di Desa Cemplang

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Messalina L Salampessy

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Watershed Management becomes an important aspect in supporting the conservation of the surrounding area. Upstream area functions as a water catchment area must be kept by maintaining the utilization of the area to avoid the carrying capacity beyond the environment. The role of people in the surrounding area becomes an important effort to maintain the continuity of the function of the Watershed. This study aims to analyze the potency of local institutional support in watershed management. The research method is a case study in which data are collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation. The data analysis is conducted by using situation framework approach - structure - behavior - performance. The results show that the utilization of watershednaturalresource is considered as a free open source access where everyone is free to exploit the natural resources in it. This is related to existing conditions which indicate the existence of interdependence between government, private sector and communities being involved in the utilization of shared resources. The behavior of the parties related to the utilization of the Watershed greatly affects the condition of the existing Watershed Areas; where the performance of sub management of Cisadane Upstream watershed has not provided maximum results because the management is still going on sectorally. Keywords: Local Institution; Watershed Managemen; sub management of Cisadane Upstream watershed Pengelolaan DAS menjadi aspek penting dalam menunjang pelestarian kawasan sekitarnya. Fungsi daerah hulu sebagai daerah tangkapan air harus dijaga dengan menjaga agar pemanfaatan kawasan agar terhindar dari daya dukung yang melebihi lingkungan. Peran masyarakat di daerah sekitarnya menjadi upaya penting untuk menjaga kelangsungan fungsi DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dukungan kelembagaan lokal dalam pengelolaan DAS. Metode penelitian adalah studi

Application of Cs-137 techniques to problems of sediment redistribution in Sungai Lui representative basin, Selangor, Malaysia (Part 1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daud bin Mohamad.

1982-11-01

Since the beginning of the nuclear age, Cesium-137 has become a part of the world's ecosystems. Cs-137 is carried from the atmosphere to the ground by rainfall. On reaching the earth's surface, 137 Cs becomes strongly adsorbed to soil profiles and is concentrated predominantly in the surface layer, particularly in clayey soils. Systematic measurements of Cs-137 levels will therefore permit estimates to be made of the cumulative effects of soil redistribution over the past 25 years. Sediment movement in river catchments and coastal areas is a very old problem in Malaysia. In view of rapid development of urban and agricultural areas in Malaysia it was realised tha soil loss problems are particularly serious. The Sungai Lui catchment was chosen to be the investigational site. Geologically, the area comprises of granite and granitic schist. The area is mostly covered by forest (approx. 83%) and rubber (13%), padi (2%) and others (2%). The climate is considered to be typical of Peninsular Malaysia (equatorial) characterised by uniform temperature, high humidity and high rainfall. The area is mainly drained by the Lui River. Soil samples were collected from the catchment area at 4 sampling points in April 1981. The results of analyses of Cs-137 in soil samples from Sungai Lui catchment area ranged from 1.3 to 6.8 M Bq g -1 of sample and they could still be detected even up to 20 cm depth. A general pattern of Cs-137 distribution was observed in the soil profile at each site. The highest activity being in the top 3 cm layer and then decreasing up to about 6 cm. The activity increases again up to about 9 cm layer. From there onwards, it decreases. Based on these results, the estimated rate of sediment accumulation in the area was found to be about 0.47 cm/year. Since the samples were only collected from the depositional sites, further sampling especially from erosional site should therefore be carried out in order to obtain more complete data

Pengaruh Parameter Fisika dan Mikrobiologi Leachet terhadap Kesehatan Lingkungan di TPA Muara Fajar Rumbai Pekanbaru

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Riski Novera Yenita

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Secara umum kondisi sampah kota memperlihatkan karakteristik yang khas. Kondisi sampah kota memiliki komposisi terbesar sampah organik dengan nilai rata-rata 79,164%, sedangkan sampah anorganik hanya sebesar 20,836%. Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode survey, dimana TPA Muara Fajar Pekanbaru dijadikan lokasi pengambilan sampel. Sampel yang diambil kemudian dianalisis kadar fisika dan biologi leachet di laboratorium, selanjutnya data yang didapat dilakukan analisis secara deskriptif sesuai dengan SNI 06-2412-1991. Sumber data penelitian yaitu wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Dua kode sampel pada air lindi didapatkan hasil analisis bahwa pada kode sampel I dan II suhu yang didapatkan adalah 25oC. TSS pada kode sampel I didapatkan hasil sebesar 70 mg/l dan kode sampel II 190 mg/l. pH pada kode sampel I dan II didapatkan hasil sebesar 8, sedangkan untuk kadar E.Coli pada kode sampel I dan II didapatkan hasil tidak terhingga. 

DAMPAK SEDIMENTASI BENDUNGAN SOEDIRMAN TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

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Sucihatiningsih Dian W.P

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Sedimentation is a material precipitation in which transported through water, wind, ice or glacier at a basin. Delta, which is found at the estuary of a river, is resulted from material precipitation process and is carried by watter from the river. Panglima Besar Soedirman (PBS barrage, located in Banjarnegara regency, has undergone a very critical sedimentation. The unstable soil making the trees unable to absorb water which has caused erosion and sedimentation. Sedimentation happened at Bendungan Panglima Besar Soedirman affected economic aspect, especially in the field of fishery and agriculture. Sedimentation will silt up in the dam area causing muddy water. This will badly effect the fishery sector at dam. Besides, this caused Karamba- a raising fishing basket-decreased. Further, agricultural sector, the irrigation system also underwent the impact from sedimentation at the dam. Sedimentasi adalah suatu proses pengendapan material yang ditransport oleh media air, angin, es, atau gletser di suatu cekungan. Delta yang terdapat di mulut-mulut sungai adalah hasil dan proses pengendapan material-material yang diangkut oleh air sungai. Bendungan panglima Besar Soedirman (PBS di kabupaten Banjarnegara merupakan satu lokasi yang terkena sedimentasi sangat parah. Kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi di daerah aliran sungai merupakan penyebab utama dari sedimentasi di Bendungan PBS. labilnya kondisi tanah akibat tidak adanya pohon penahan air mengakibatkan erosi yang menyebabkan sedimentasi.Sedimentasi di Bendungan PBS ternyata juga sangat berdampak terhadap aspek perekonomian terutama dalam bidang perikanan dan pertanian. Sektor perikanan dan pertanian adalah bidang-bidang yang terdampak dari sedimentasi Bendungan PBS sebab sedimentasi menyebabkan pendangkalan pada area Bendungan yang menyebabkan air menjadi keruh sehingga akan berdampak buruk terhadap sektor perikanan umum bendungan. Dan juga mengakibatkan lokasi untuk kolam karamba ikan air tawar

Studi Umum Permasalahan dan Solusi DAS Citarum Serta Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah

OpenAIRE

Imansyah, Muhammad Fadhil

2012-01-01

Sebagai komponen terpenting dalam kehidupan, keberadaan air sudah selayaknya dijaga dan dilestarikan. Kaidah-kaidah konservasi air harus dipatuhi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar kelestarian air dapat berlangsung hingga masa depan. Sungai Citarum sebagai salah satu potensi air terbesar di Jawa Barat menyimpan potensi yang besar bagi masyarakat, baik potensi menguntungkan maupun potensi merugikan. Sayangnya, masyarakat dan pemerintah cenderung terlena oleh potensi menguntungkan ...

KAJIAN SPASIAL KUALITAS AIR TANAH BEBAS BERDASARKAN KEDALAM MUKA AIR TANAH: STUDI KASUS DI DATARAN ALUVIAL DAS PEMALI KABUPATEN BREBES (Spatial Study of the Quality of Free Groundwater Based on the Surface Depth of Groundwater at an Alluvial Land

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Siti Sundari Miswadi

2009-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Sebagian besar dataran aluvial DAS Pemali Kabupaten Brebes adalah sentra produksi pertanian bawang merah, kedelai, ubi kayu dan cabai. Selain itu, daerah ini terkenal pula dengna usaha peternakan itik yang menghasilkan telur dan berkembang pesat. Kegiatan pertanian dan usaha peternakan itik banyak dijumpai di lingkungan permukiman, padahal kegiatan tersebut menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida serta menghasilkan kotoran ternak yang tentunya akan mencemari sumur-sumur penduduk. Oleh karena layanan air bersih oleh PDAM belum menjangkau semua wilayah DAS Pemali, terutama di permukiman DAS Pemali, maka untuk keperluan masak, minum, mandi, cuci dan keperluan lainnya, penduduk membuat sumur gali dengan kedalaman yang bervariasi, dan tanpa memperhatikan syarat-syarat kesehtan dan syarat pembuatan sumur gali yang benar.  Tujuan penelitian adalah memetakan kualitas air tanah bebas berdasarkan kedalaman muka air tanah di dataran aluvial DAS Pemali. Metode yang digunakan adalah menganalisis kualitas air tanah bebas secara laboratoris dan hasilnya diplotkan pada peta kedalaman muka air tanah yang dibagi menjadi 11 kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 parameter kualitas air yang kadarnya melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB, yaitu  TDS, DHL, alaklinitas, COD, BOD, total coliform, coliform tinja, pH, karbamat dan organoklorin, sedangkan parameter-paramater NO3-, NO2-, SO4=, Ca2+, fosfat dan kekeruhan umumnya mempunyai kadar di bawah NAB. Dilihat dari beberapa titik sampel yang jumlah parameternya mempunyai kadar melebihi NAB, maka kedalaman muka air tanah 0,37-3,98 meter mempunyai delapan parameter yang melebihi NAB, kemudian kedalaman muka air tanah 0,10-0,36 meter dengan lima parameter, dan kedalaman 3,99-8,50 meter dengan empat parameter yang melebihi NAB.  Berdasarkan jumlah parameter setiap titik sampel, maka pada kedalam MAT 0,37-1,27 meter terdapat tujuh titik sampel yang masing-masing sampel mempunyai lima parameter kualitas air yang

KAJIAN GEOMORFOLOGI UNTUK PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI OYO, GUNUNGKIDUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

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Karmono Mangunsukardjo

2016-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan geomorfologi dalam perencanaan penggunaan lahan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Oyo, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Arahan perencanaan penggunaan lahan didasarkan pada kelas kemampuan lahan dengan satuan medan sebagai satuan evaluasi dan acuan petanya. Satuan medan yang disusun atas satuan bentuklahan, lereng, dan tanah, sedangkan untuk penentuan kelas kemampuan lahannya ditambang dengan factor batu di permukaan, airtanah, dan genangan. Evaluasi kemampuan lahan dilakukan dengan cara matching antara karakteristik lahan dalam setiap satuan medan terhadap persyaratan kelas kemampuan lahan dengan menggunakan system informasi geografis (SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa satuan medan yang disusun berdasarkan kerangka dasar geomorfologi mampu memberikan penilaian kemampuan lahan dan arahan penggunaan lahan. Satuan medan pegunungan structural-denudasional (SP, perbukitan structural-denudasional (SB, mempunyai kelas kemampuan lahan VI, sehingga tidak boleh dimanfaatkan dan seharusnya dijadikan lahan konservasi. Satuan medan lain yang mempunyai kelas kemampuan lahan IV seperti SBk, KD, KDt dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian sangat terbatas. Satuan medan yang berkelas kemampuan lahan III adalah FT, SI, KDa, dan KLb yang memungkinkan untuk lahan pertanian terbatas. Erosi dan sifat tanah merupakan faktor kendala lahan pertanian pada satuan medan dengan kelas kemampuan lahan III.

PENGELOLAAN TEMBAWANG SUKU DAYAK IBAN DI DESA SUNGAI MAWANG, PURING KENCANA, KAPUAS HULU, KALIMANTAN BARAT

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Yasri Syarifatul Aini

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Dayak Iban Ethnic cannot be separated of interaction with the forest (tembawang as a place to fulfill of variety needs such as food source, building material, traditional medicine, traditional ceremonies, craft and so on. It is important to know all aspect about tembawang and existence. The data were collected by in depth interviews to the village officials, officials and indigenous community representative, analyze with descriptive qualitative and SWOT. Sungai Mawang Village has 15 tembawang, spacious 12.52 ha and 147 types of plants with complete stratification such as natural forests. Tembawang management is governed by customary law. Access unlimited use but require a permit customs officials. Tembawang has the function and value is very important because it is part of the tradition, culture and customs of the people, economic needs and conservation. The Dayak Iban manage tembawang in good condition, with the result that maximizing managemen and potential for achieve maximum progress. Sustainability of tembawang management needs the support of the government as the policy holder and indigenous peoples itself, besides strengthening traditional values/culture in various aspects. Keywords: Dayak Iban ethnic, management, sustainability, SWOT, tembawang 

KAJIAN STRATEGI PROMOSI KESEHATAN SANITASI TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (STBM DI KELURAHAN TIRTO KECAMATAN PEKALONGAN BARAT KOTA PEKALONGAN

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Yulis Indriyani

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Latar Belakang: Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM merupakan pendekatan untuk mengubah perilaku higienis dan saniter melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara pemicuan. Fenomena yang terjadi di Kelurahan Tirto masih terdapat perilaku BABS sebanyak 84 KK, perilaku buang sampah secara sembarangan (di lahan kosong dan sungai, dan mengalirkan limbah cair rumah tangga (limbah deterjen dan air bekas mandi ke sungai. Tujuan penelitian: Mengkaji secara mendalam strategi promosi kesehatan (advokasi, bina suasana, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat STBM di Kelurahan Tirto Kecamatan Pekalongan Barat Kota Pekalongan. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan desain eksploratoris kualitatif. Hasil penelitian: Pencapaian lima pilar  STBM di Kelurahan Tirto belum maksimal yaitu pada pilar stop BABS dan pilar pengelolaan limbah cair rumah tangga secara aman. Terdapat beberapa hambatan yang mempengaruhi hasil capaian tersebut diantaranya konsistensi komitmen yang tegas belum diterapkan bagi pelaku yang mengalirkan pembuangan feses ke sungai, belum adanya pelatihan teknis STBM bagi tokoh masyarakat, metode CLTS bersifat terbatas di satu RW, dan masyarakat Kelurahan Tirto belum mengoptimalkan swadaya atau iuran secara kolektif untuk menyediakan penambahan sarana sanitasi berupa septic tank dan bak penampungan. Saran: Pertama, penerapan punishment dari Kelurahan Tirto untuk mencapai Kelurahan ODF bagi pelaku yang mengalirkan pembuangan feses ke sungai. Kedua, pertemuan untuk menjalin koordinasi antara Pemerintah Kota Pekalongan dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Pekalongan untuk bersama mengelola limbah cair rumah tangga secara aman. Ketiga,  pelatihan teknis STBM bagi tokoh masyarakat untuk mencapai perilaku buang air besar secara sehat di Kelurahan Tirto. Keempat, penambahan bak penampungan limbah cair rumah tangga melalui swadaya masyarakat.

Hydrological assessment for mini hydropower potential at Sungai Pahang - Temerloh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sidek, L M; Zaki, A Z A; Muda, Z C; Basri, H; Mustaffa, Z; Ibrahim, M I H; Thiruchelvam, S

2013-01-01

Sg Pahang at Temerloh was considered for assessment of hydropower potential using hydrological analysis method and hydrological model. The available data related to topography, soil, land use, weather and discharge pertaining to the study catchment were used to characterize the catchment. The characterization was required for water resources hence hydropower assessment. The hydrology of the study catchment was simulated through the model. This hydrological study is required due to the proposed mini hydroelectric power plant at Pulau Temerloh. It is essential to evaluate the existing river flow characteristic and to model the environmental flow assessment of the river. Two rainfalll stations, JPS Temerloh and Pintu Kawalan Paya Kertam Station are selected to develop the Rainfall Intensity Duration frequency (RIDF) Curve to determine the rainfall intensity of the area. Daily river flow were recorded at Sg Pahang at Temerloh and Sg Pahang at Lubok Paku were used to develop the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) to study the characteristic of Sungai Pahang flow. The 7 days low flow with 10 years return period (7Q10 low flow) was obtained using both Gumbel Method and Log Pearson Type III Method. The results from FDC shows that 50% percentage of time the Sg Pahang - Temerloh is exceeded over a historical period is 400 m 3 /s and 50% percentage of time the Sg Pahang - Lubok Paku is exceeded over a historical period is 650 m 3 /s. The required environmental flow are set to be 7Q10 low flow which is 64.215 m 3 /s for Sg Pahang at Temerloh and 79.24 m 3 /s for Sg Pahang at Lubok Paku. The results show the water resources are abundant and hence boost the mini hydropower potentiality at Sg Pahang.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT KUNING RIVER COURSE IN MERAPI VOLCANO YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION (Pengelolaan Lingkungan Alur Kali Kuning di Gunungapi Merapi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

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Darmakusuma Darmanto

2013-03-01

alur sungai akibat pemanfaatan sedimen, air dan lahan dan (c evaluasi terhadap pengelolaan lingkungan alur sungai dan mencari arahan untuk meminimalisasi dampak yang terjadi. Selain Gunungapi Merapi merupakan yang teraktif di dunia, juga telah dipilih menjadi Taman Nasional karena mempunyai spesies yang cukup banyak.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1 pengukuran geometri dari Kali Kuning meliputi kedalaman dan lebar lembah sungai dikaitkan dengan material sedimen yang meliputi: diameter, berat jenis dan persentase bongkah, (2 deterrninasi terhadap aspek lingkungan fisik (vegetasi dan persentase tutupan lahan dan (3 survei sosial-ekonomi untuk melihat ,peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penghasilan serta sosiolisasi terhadap bahaya sedimen termasuk penambangannya. Ketiga analisis ini dirangkum melalui pendekatan ekologi dan spasial.Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini: 1 material erupsi Merapi yang terusmenerus mengakibatkan perkembangan geometri alur sungai menjadi tidak normal secara ekologis, sehingga fungsinya sebagai: penyimpan, penimbun dan pengaliran air dan sedimen kurang optimal: 2 pemanfaatan alur sungai untuk air bersih, pertanian dan khususnya penambangan pasir, batu dan bongkah dapat dibuat tata ruangnya, sehingga mempermudah untuk mendapatknnnya dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan daerah: dan 3 arahan pengelolaan pada daerah aliran sungai maupun pada alur sungai belum terlihat, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan berdasarkan peraturan yang telah ada dan perlu memperhatikan karakteritik Gunungapi Merapi seperti lahar dingin, awan panas dan penduduk yang Padat.

ANALISIS RISIKO KANDUNGAN LOGAM KROMIUM HEKSAVALEN (CR6+ DAN ARSEN (AS DALAM AIR MINUM

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Ahmad Mursidi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Risk Analysis Metal Content of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6 + and arsenic (As in drinking water. The research objective is to determine estimates of health risks from exposure to hexavalent chromium metal and arsenic in drinking water. Research conducted on Kalanganyar population that uses clean water supply wells for drinking water as many as 200 people, and the examination of samples of drinking water as many as 32 samples. Design research using cross-sectional design using the descriptive-analytic method. The results showed that the percentage of respondents who have a non-cancerous disease risk due to exposure to hexavalent chromium (RQ≥1 by 16%, while the percentage of respondents that have exceeded the risk of non-cancer diseases due to exposure to arsenic (RQ≥1 by 59%. The risk of cancer due to arsenic exposure on average the respondents amounted to 1.5 per 10,000 population. The concentration of hexavalent chromium has relation with health risk (p <0.05 with r = 0.927. Arsenic concentrations also have a relationship with a health risk (p <0.05 with r = 0.936. Abstrak : Analisis Risiko Kandungan Logam Kromium Heksavalen (Cr6+ Dan Arsen (As Dalam Air Minum. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui perkiraan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan logam kromium heksavalen dan arsen dalam air minum. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap penduduk Kalanganyar yang menggunakan sarana air bersih sumur gali sebagai sumber air minum sebanyak 200 orang, dan pemeriksaan sampel air minum sebanyak 32 sampel. Rancang penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase responden yang mempunyai risiko penyakit non kanker akibat pajanan kromium heksavalen (RQ≥1 sebesar 16%, sedangkan persentase responden yang telah melampaui batas risiko penyakit non kanker akibat pajanan arsen (RQ≥1 sebesar 59%. Besar risiko kanker akibat pajanan arsen rata-rata pada responden sebesar 1

PERSEPSI DAN MAKNA PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP USAHA PERTANIAN: STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUNGAI RANGAS TENGAH KABUPATEN BANJAR

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Akhmad Rozami Syahru Alam

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This research was aimed to explore the society perception to climate change impacts which related to agricultural activities, rice productivity and farmers’ income; to do in-depth study about farmers’ definition related with climate change; and to absorb ideas and identification to agricultural alternatives. Survey method, interview and questionnaires were conducted to samples (respondent which purposively chosen. This research was divided into three terms. At the first term, we use perceptional value test, chi square and contingentional coefficient. Second term, we applied the marker (sign test. At the final term we applied focus group discussion technique. The result showed that: perception of farmer society was climate change have impacts to their agricultural activities, so that decrease rice productivity and income, but it have small effect to farmers’ innovation effort. Climate change was already realized by farmer society in Sungai Rangas Tengah Village Banjar Regency. Agricultural alternatives for farmer society to overcome these problems, were: poultries (42.65%, non-rice agriculture (26.47%, others (marketing, handcrafter, labor (20.59%, fisheries (17.65%.

ANALISA THERMOGRAVIMETRY PADA PIROLISIS LIMBAH PERTANIAN

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Bagus Setiawan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan karakterisasi degradasi termal dari limbah pertanian untuk dijadikan suatu bahan bakar padat alternatif. Penelitian diawali dengan tahap pengumpulan bahan yang dilanjutkan penyeragaman ukuran sampel uji hingga berukuran 20 mesh. Setelah itu masing-masing sampel dikeringkan hingga kadar air maksimal 12 %. Sebelum Sampel seberat 20 gram diuji pirolisis dengan menempatkan sampel dalam reaktor yang telah dialiri nitrogen dengan laju 100 ml/menit. Sampel diuji dengan kondisi heating rate 15 oC/menit, temperatur akhir 600 oC dan holding time 10 menit. Data yang didapat berupa penurunan massa dan perubahan temperatur dicatat dalam laptop dengan menggunakan software RS-Key, Ms Excel dan Adam.NET Utility. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan campuran serbuk gergaji dan jerami memiliki temperatur pirolisis paling rendah, sementara campuran sekam padi dan kulit singkong memiliki massa arang paling banyak.

Determination of organic and inorganic mercury species in Sungai Kinta, Perak by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on-line coupled with ICP-MS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norshidah Baharuddin; Norashikin Saim; Rozita Osman; Sharifuddin Mohd Zain

2012-01-01

This paper describes a simple method for mercury speciation in river water samples of Sungai Kinta, Perak. Separation and measurement were done by high-performance liquid chromatography on-line with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ ICP-MS). Separation of mercury species was accomplished within 6 minutes on an AQ C18 4.6 mm i.d x 150 mm, 5 μm reversed phase column with 0.1 % (w/ v) L-cysteine as mobile phase. Under the optimum instrumental conditions, recoveries of 101-104 % for MeHg + and 96 - 104 % for Hg 2+ were obtained with experimental detection limits of 1ngL -1 for inorganic mercury and 1.5 μgL -1 for organic mercury. (author)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS INTERPRETATION FOR GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN THE COASTAL AREA, NORTH KELANTAN, MALAYSIA (Interpretasi Karakterisasi Fisika dan Kimia Untuk Penilaian Kualitas Airtanah di Area Pesisir, Kelantan Utara, Malaysia

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Nur Islami

2015-11-01

untuk menilai kualitas air tanah dan masalah masalah yang berhubungan dengannya di zona pesisir, Kelantar Utara, Malaysia. Sebanyak tiga puluh tiga sampel airtanah yang terdiri dari enam belas sampee airtanah yang di ambil langsung dari sumur dan bersama dengan tujuh belas data sampel airtanah diperoleh dari agensi pemerintah digunakan pada penelitian ini. Kedalaman air tanah bervariasi dari yang akuifer dangkal (3,5 m sampai ke yang dalam (130 m. Karakter fisika air tanah di ukur secara langsung di lokasi saat setelah air tanah di ambil. Kandungan kimia sampel air tanah dianalisa dengan menggunakan Ion Chromatography (IC and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP. Data-data yang diperoleh di presentasikan dan diinterpretasi menggunakan diagram bivariate dan diagram piper untuk meningkatkan interpretasi dan analisa data secara keseluruhan. Hasil analisa sampel airtanah mengindikasikan bahwa akuifer yang dangkal dapat dikategorikan sebagai air segar. Pada zona pengendapan laut, kadar klorid dan sulfat dalam air tanah cenderung tinggi dalam sampel air. Namun kandungan ini masih dalam kategori aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Pada lokasi yang banyak penggunaan pupuk kimia, sampel airtanah memperlihatkan kandungan nitrat relative tinggi, yang melebihi batas aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh manusia (>45 mg/L. Kadar K, Ca, Mg dan Na memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan kandungan klorid pada aquifer yang dalam, ini mengindikasikan bahwa ion-ion dalam air adalah berasal dari sumber air asin yang sama. Hubungan antara rasio Cl/HCO3 dan chloride juga menunjukkan bahwa airtanah yang segar and air laut bercampur di dalam aquifer, dan sampel air dengan rasio yang rendah bisa dikategorikan air segar. Untuk aquifer yang dangkal, kebanyakan ion menunjukkan korelasi yang tidak linier dengan klorid yang mengindikasikan bahwa ion-ion tersebut berasal dari sumber yang berbeda.

GAMBARAN CEMARAN JAMUR PADA KOSMETIK BEDAK BAYI DAN BAYANGAN MATA

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Mariana Raini

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Kosmetik merupakan komoditi yang digunakan oleh hampir seluruh lapisan masyarakat di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab kerusakan kosmetik adalah pencemaran mikroba baik jamur maupun bakteri. Pencemaran dapat berasal dari air, bahan baku yang digunakan, serta ruangan tempat pembuatan. Di pasaran kemungkinan terkait terhadap kondisi tempat penyimpanan dan kemasan yang tidak memadai dari kosmetik itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah dan jenis jamur yang sering terdapat di udara yang dapat mencemari kosmetik bedak bayi dan bayangan mata.Hasil penghitungan jumlah jamur pada bedak bayi yang diambil dari pabrik didapat 2 sampel (20% tidak memenuhi syarat jumlah jamur dan keduanya adalah Penicillium sp. sedangkan pada bedak bayi yang diambil dari pasar didapat 3 (30% sampel tidak memenuhi syarat jumlah jamur, 1 sampel (10% mengandung Aspergillus sp., 2 sampel (20%mengandung jenis jamur di luar 6 jamur yang diuji. Hasil penghitungan jumlah jamur pada bayangan mata yang diambil dari pabrik didapat 5 sampel (26,3% tidak memenuhi syarat jumlah jamur, 4 sampel (21,1% mengandung jenis jamur Penicillium sp. dan 1 sampel (5,26% mengandung Aspergillus sp.. Hasil penghitungan jumlah jamur pada bayangan mata yang didapat dari pasar didapat 1 sampel (5,26% mengandung jamur di luar 6 jamur yang diidentifikasi. 

Detection of Shallow Buried Archaeological Remains Structure using 2-D Resistivity Method at Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah

Science.gov (United States)

Ismail, Nurina; Nordiana, M. M.; Saidin, M.; Masnan, S. S. K.; Abir, I. A.

2018-04-01

In an archaeological study, 2-D resistivity becomes important tools for the scientific investigation and also can be applied to map shallow subsurface structures at the archaeological site. The main purpose of the research is to locate the shallow buried archaeological remains structure in the area of Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah (Malaysia). Resistivity surveys have been applied using a Pole-dipole array with both 5 survey lines for SB1 and SB2 sites using 0.75 m electrode spacing. Both results revealed high resistivity zone with ≥ 3000 Ωm at a depth ranging from 0-1.5 m at the study area. SB1 site conducting an excavation to validate the result obtain while SB2 is not conducting any excavation. Besides that, the other characteristics of the buried archaeological remains are indicated as mound area and there is exposed remain found on top of the surface. Based on the archaeological evidence, the higher resistivity value indicates the interesting anomaly which is clay bricks for archaeological excavation.

OPTIMASI TATA GUNA LAHAN DAN PENERAPAN REKAYASA TEKNIK DALAM ANALISA BANJIR DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI: STUDI KASUS DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CILIWUNG HULU DI BENDUNG KATULAMPA (The Optimization of Land Use and the Application of Engineering Treatment in Flood

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Yohana Lilis Handayani

2005-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Peningkatan aliran puncak dan volume runoff dari flood hydrograph dapat disebabkan oleh konversi penggunaan lahan. Fenomena ini terjadi di cekungan hulu sungai Ciliwung sebagai daerah konservasi. DAS ini memiliki peran penting dalam memelihara ketersediaan air di cekungan Ciliwung dan untuk pengendalian banjir di daerah hilir. Berdasarkan data yang dicatat dari 1993 sampai dengan 1996, 14,6% kejadian banjir di daerah hilir disebabkan oleh banjir kiriman. Evaluasi konversi penggunaan lahan di daerah hulu Ciliwung dilakukan dengan membandingkan penggunaan lahan tahun 1989 dan 1998. Optimasi tata guna lahan dilakukan dengan optimasi linier untuk meminimasi nilai koefisien composite runoff. Pendekatan teknis dan penerapan rekayasa teknik digunakan untuk simulasi penurunan aliran puncak dan volume runoff dari flood hydrograph. Perlakuan ini meliputi terracing dan normalisasi kolam detensi (detention pond. Simulasi dilakukan untuk periode banjir 10 tahunan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode 10 tahun (1989-1998 penggunaan lahan dikonversi secara signifikan. Konversi ini menyebabkan peningkatan aliran puncak dan volume runoff masing-masing 18,97% dan 18,87%.   ABSTRACT The risk of peak flow and runoff volume of a flood hydrograph may be caused by land use conversion. This phenomenon had happened in upstream of Ciliwung basin. As a conversation area, this catchment has an important role in maintaining the water availability of Ciliwung basin and for flood control in downstream area. Based on the collected flood data recorded from 1993 to 1996, 14.6% of flood events in downstream of Ciliwung basin were caused by delivery flood from upstream area. Evaluation of land use conversion in upstream of Ciliwung basin was carried out by comparing land use in 1989 and in 1998. Land use optimization was done using linear optimization to minimize the value of composite runoff coefficient. Technical approach of engineering treatment was used to

Perhitungan Volume dan Karakterisasi Material Endapan Erupsi Gunungapi Kelud Tahun 2014, di Sungai Bladak Bagian Hulu Dengan Metode Geofisika

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Anastasia Neni Candra Purnamasari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Erupsi Gunungapi Kelud pada 13 Februari 2014 menghasilkan material endapan di hulu Sungai Bladak dalam jumlah yang sangat besar.Endapan hasil erupsi yang terdapat di hulu sungai berpotensi sebagai material lahar bagi wilayah di hilir.Upaya mitigasi untuk mengurangi bencana banjir lahar memerlukan informasi volume material endapan. Selain itu, informasi karakteristik fisik material endapan juga penting untuk pemanfaatannya bagi masyarakat. Penelitian untuk mengetahui volume material endapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode geofisika pada pengukuran ketebalan dari material endapan.Metode geofisika yang digunakan adalah metode mikroseismik dan metode seismik refraksi.Hasil yang didapatkan dari pengolahan data lapangan mikroseismik adalah nilai frekuensi natural (f0 dari setiap titik pengukuran mikroseismik. Hasil yang didapatkan dari pengolahan data lapangan seismik refraksi adalah kecepatan gelombang P dari material endapan, dimana kecepatan gelombang P akan diturunkan sehingga didapatkan kecepatan gelombang S. Kecepatan gelombang S akan digunakan untuk penghitungan ketebalan material endapan yang digabungkan dengan nilai frekuensi natural dengan rumus h=Vs/4f0. Berdasarkan ketebalan material endapan yang didapatkan dari hasil penghitungan setiap titik mikroseismik, kemudian dibuat kontur ketebalan material endapan dan dilakukan penghitungan volume material endapan. Karakterisasi material endapan dilakukan dengan cara menghitung persentase pumice dan nonpumice secara fisual menggunakan foto lapangan. Ketebalan endapan pumice di permukaan lahan dianalisis persebarannya menurut satuan-satuan lereng. Volume material endapan yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian sebesar 27,6 juta m3. Hasil karakterisasi material diketahui bahwa pumice pada material endapan yang ada di hulu Sungai Bladak 91,82 % dan sisanya 7,18 % adalah nonpumice. Jumlah pumice yang sangat banyak tersebut merupakan sumberdaya alam yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pumice dapat

Dampak Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Tingkat Kekritisan Air Sub-DAS Citarum Hulu

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Tito Latif Indra

2016-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Sehubungan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang membutuhkan ruang untuk hidup telah mengubah pola penggunaan tanah khususnya di DAS Citarum Hulu yang juga merupakan salah satu DAS kritis di Indonesia. Perubahan penggunaan tanah tersebut akan berakibat pada berkurangnya sumberdaya air sehingga menjadikan tingkat kekritisan air semakin tinggi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi peta jaringan sungai, peta penggunaan lahan yang diperoleh dari Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN, data curah hujandan suhu Tahun 1975-2005, peta tanah, peta kemiringan lereng, tutupan vegetasi dan data kebutuhan air primer. Melalui metode GIS yang dipadukan pendekatan hidrologis telah menghasilkan wilayah-wilayah sub DAS yang mengalami kekurangan air dalam hal ini kekritisan air. ABSTRACT The population growth and the need for living space have changeq the patterns of land use especially in Upper Sub Citarum Watershed as one of the critical watersheds in Indonesia. The changes in land use will result in the reduction of water resources and make the higher level of water criticality. Data used in this research including river network map, landuse map obtained from Indonesian National Land Agency (BPN, precipitation and temperature data of 1975-2005, soil map, slope map, vegetation cover and primary water demand data. The critical level of watershed is deterimined based on the comparison of primary water demand and water availability in Upper Citarum Sub Watershed. Through GIS method combined with hydrological approach, the areas of sub watershed experiencing water shortage, in this case is water critical level can be determined. The combination of GIS method and a hydrological approach has resulted in sub-catchment areas experiencing water shortages in this case the critical water level.

Optimization of Archeological Anomalies using GIS method for Magnetic and Resistivity Study at Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah (Malaysia)

Science.gov (United States)

Yusoh, R.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M.; Anda, S. T.; Muhammad, S. B.; Ashraf, M. I. M.; Hazreek, Z. A. M.

2018-04-01

Magnetic and resistivity method has become a reliable option in archeological exploration. The use of both method has become popular these day. However, both method gives different type of sensing in detecting anomalies and direct interpret from the anomalies will result large coverage area for excavation. Therefore, to overcome this issue, both anomalies can be extracted using ArcGIS software to reduce excavated coverage area. The case study located at Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang near SB2ZZ lot expected buried clay brick monument which will be a perfect case to apply this technique. Magnetic and resistivity method was implemented at the study area where the anomalies coverage area for magnetic and resistivity is 531.5 m2 and 636 m2 respectively which total area of both anomalies was 764 m2. By applying combine technique, the anomalies area reduce to 403.7 m2 which reduce the suspected anomalies by 47.16 %. The unsuspected clay brick monument area was increase from 15.86% to 55.54% which improve the cost and labor work for excavation.

ANALISIS PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH (The Analysis of Community Roles in Potable Water Management

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Syahrani Syahrani

2004-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kondisi air sungai yang terpolusi karena penebangan hutan, penambangan, dan limbah domestik menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas air yang dikonsumsi masyarakat. Pada tahun l996 telah dibentuk Unit Pengelola Air (UPS-AB oleh komunitas di Kumpai Batu untuk membantu pengadaan air bagi masyarakat. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kinerja UPS-AB melalui survai lapangan terhadap 160 rumah tangga. Variabel yang dikaji meliputi aktivitas UPS-AB. cara pengelolaannya dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan air. Data ini kemudian diproses dengan analisa deskriptif dan analisis regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat cukup tinggi. Tingginya tingkat partisipasi ini disebabkan karena kebutuhan komunitas yang tinggi akan pelayanan air. Meskipun demikian masyarakat merasakan pentingnya peningkatan pengelolaaut air oleh UPS-AB khususnya dalam hal: peningkatan kualitas air. kontinuitas suplai. sistim pembayaran dan sistim pencatatan.   ABSTRACT Polluted river water due to destructed forest, mining and population settlement have created lower quality of up-stream water that households generally consume. Considering the scarcity of water, in 1996, Potable Water Management Unit (UPS-AB of Kumpai Batu was founded as community association to participate in the potable water preparation, development and maintenance. This study was conducted through a field survey on 160 households selected using random sampling method. The variable studied were the availability of UPS-AB, involvement indecision making, involvement in activity, involvement in evaluation and social economic condition of village community. Data were processed using descriptive an regression analysis. The result showed that availability of UPS-AB involvement in decision making, involvement in activities, involvement in evaluation and social-economic condition of village community positively affected community participation in potable water management.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Fenolik Dari Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.)

OpenAIRE

Dungir, Stevi G; Katja, Dewa G; Kamu, Vanda S

2012-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan total senyawa fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit buah manggis. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kulit buah manggis segar dan kering, diekstraksi dengan pelarut air panas dan metanol selama 24 jam. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menentukan kandungan total senyawa fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode penangkal radikal bebas DPPH. Kandungan total senyawa fenolik tertinggi pada ekstrak metanol sampel kering ...

Visualizing Sungai Batu Ancient River, Lembah Bujang Archeology Site, Kedah – Malaysia using 3-D Resistivity Imaging

Science.gov (United States)

Yusoh, R.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M.; Muhammad, S. B.; Anda, S. T.; Ashraf, M. A. M.; Hazreek, Z. A. M.

2018-04-01

Sungai Batu at lembah bujang has become an interest spot for archeologist since it was discover as earliest entrepot in history of Malaysia. It is believe that there was a large lost river near the ancient jetty remain. Ground resistivity method was implement with large coverage area to locate the ancient river direction. Eleven ground resistivity survey line was carry out using SAS4000 equipment and wenner-schlumberger array was applied for measurement. Ground resistivity method was used to detect the alluvial deposit made by the ancient river deposition. The ground resistivity data were produce in 2D image and presented in 3D contour map for various selected depth by using Rockwork 15 and Surfer 8 software to visualize the alluvial deposits area. The results from the survey has found the appearance of sedimentation formation due to low resistivity value (0 – 330 ohm.m) was found near the existing river. However, the width of alluvial deposition was 1400 m which too wide for river width unless it was a deposition happen form age to age by movement of river meander. It’s conclude that the river was still at the same direction and its direction was change due to sediment dumping factor waking it shifting to the east.

Analisa Persediaan Material Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Sungai Brantas Di Ruas Tol Kertosono-Mojokerto

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Titis Wahyu Pratiwi

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Sungai Brantas merupakan tahap dari pelaksanaan proyek Jalan Tol Kertosono-Mojokerto dimana jalan tol ini akan terhubung dengan Jalan Tol Surabaya-Mojokerto. Dalam pelaksanaannya, proyek ini dibangun diatas lahan yang sempit dengan luas lahan sisi utara 5.219 m2 dan sisi selatan 5.105 m2 sehingga tidak terdapat ruang yang cukup untuk menyimpan material dalam jumlah yang besar, selain itu terdapat material yang mengalami keterlambatan kedatangan sehingga berpengaruh pada biaya persediaan proyek. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu analisa persediaan material dengan menggunakan teknik lot sizing (penentuan jumlah pemesanan pada metode Material Requirement Planning (MRP. Dengan metode ini dilakukan pengolahan data berupa biaya pesan, biaya simpan dan jumlah kebutuhan material guna memperoleh jumlah pesanan yang optimal dengan biaya persediaan minimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik lot sizing dalam analisa persediaan material yang menghasilkan biaya persediaan material paling minimum pada Pembangunan Jalan Tol Kertosono – Mojokerto. Metode Material Requirement Planning (MRP yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan mendasar yaitu perhitungan kebutuhan kotor (explosion, perhitungan kebutuhan bersih (netting serta perhitungan jumlah pemesanan (lotting. Pada tahapan lotting digunakan empat teknik lot sizing yaitu Lot for Lot, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ, Period Order Quantity (POQ dan Part Period Balancing (PPB. Dari hasil analisa MRP yang dilakukan, didapat bahwa teknik lot sizing yang membentuk biaya persediaan minimum untuk semua material pada pekerjaan Pile Cap P2, P2’, P1 dan P1’ yang meliputi Bekisting, Besi D 16, Besi D 19 dan Besi D 32 serta Beton K 350 adalah teknik Lot for Lot.

REVIEW ON WATER POLLUTION STUDIES IN INDONESIA

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Bambang Hartono

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan terhadap lebih dari 60 penelitian yang pernah dilakukan di Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan masalah pencemaran air. Dalam tinjauan ini terungkap bahwa hampir semua jenis sumber air, yaitu sungai, danau, tambak, laut maupun air tanah (misalnya sumur yang pernah diteliti, telah mengalami pencemaran. Pencemarnya terdiri dari semua jenis pencemar, baik bakteriologis, fisis maupun kimiawi. Pencemar bakteriologis terutama datang dari pembuangan tinja manusia. Bukan hanya karena letak sumber air yang berdekatan dengan pembuangan tinja yang menyebabkan pencemaian, melainkan juga karena perilaku masyarakat. Namun dicatat pula bahwa penelitian dalam bidang ini masih terlalu sedikit. Khususnya yang berkaitan dengan besarnya masalah. Pencemar fisis dan kimiawi terutama berasal dari pabrik-pabrik. Yang banyak mendapat perhatian tampaknya adalah logam-logam berat. Walaupun dijumpai kandungan beberapa logam berat dalam air ma­sih di bawah standar, tetapi beberapa yang lain cukup potensial atau telah melewati batas-batas standar dan bahkan telah menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Hal ini terutama dikarena­kan banyaknya pabrik-pabrik yang membuang limbah industrinya langsung ke sungai dan badan-badan air lain tanpa pengolahan terlebih dulu atau dengan pengolahan yang tidak sempurna. Selain deterjen, sampah rumah tangga, pestisida dan pupuk sebagai pencemar, yang masih kurang mendapat perhatian peneliti, akhir-akhir ini muncul masalah baru yang tampaknya lebih menarik minat para peneliti, yaitu intrusi air laut. Dari beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan terungkap bahwa masalah ini pun sudah cukup serius, khususnya di daerah dekat pantai.

Kecernaan In Vitro Fraksi Serat (NDF, ADF dan Selulosa Lima Jenis Rumput Laut Coklat dari Pantai Sungai Nipah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Sumatera Barat

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Y.L. Dewi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan fraksi serat (NDF, ADF dan Selulosa lima jenis rumput laut coklat dari Pantai Sungai Nipah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Sumatera Barat secara in vitro. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK terdiri dari lima perlakuan rumput laut coklat yang berbeda jenis ( A = Padina australis, B = Turbinaria decurrens, C = Turbinaria murayana, D = Sargassum crassifolium dan E = Sargassum binderi dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali sebagai kelompok. Kelompok didasarkan atas tiga kali pengambilan cairan rumen kambing yang berbeda. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 jenis rumput laut coklat berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01 terhadap kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan selulosa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dan Sargassum binderi memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (15,65% dan 20,56% dan ADF tertinggi (15,43% dan 17,80% dibandingkan dengan jenis rumput laut coklat lainnya.

STUDI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI TELAGA WAJA KABUPATEN KARANGASEM

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K.G. Darma Susila

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Telaga Waja River in Karangasem Regency has got water discharge from 2.500 to 3.500 litre per second. The use of fertilizer, farm and household cesspool disposal, and changes of land function can reduce the quality of the water. This research is done in order to know the quality of water and index of its pollution. This research is done in Telaga Waja river for along 10 kilometres from Besakih Village to Muncan Village from August until November 2011. The research of physic parachmeter, chemistry and microbiology by taking sample for insitu and eksitu examination are compared with the standard quality of Balinese Goverment Regulation No.8/2007. While the observation and interview are done in order to know beha,1our of the people in polluting the water. Result of the research shows that the concentration of Fecal coli and Total coliforms reach 240.000.000 MPN/100 ml It is more than standard quality of all classes.The analysis of COD is more than first class water quality, BOD and Fosfat are more than third class water quality and DO concentration is less than minimum first class water concentration. The evaluation of Pollution Index (Pl for first class water in all location is high polluted. Evaluations PI of third and fou1th class standard water quality in Menanga Village and Muncan Village are medium polluted and from Rendang Village until Muncan Village is high polluted in the delta of the river. Water condition indicate function ofTelaga Waja watershed for agriculture, living place, tourism ( rafting, restaurant, and villa, and mining pollute the water. Base on the evaluation of pollution index, all locations are medium and high polluted. That is why the goverment, entrepreneurs, and the society should save River Telaga Waja by keeping it clean. Observation of the water quality is also should be done regularly.

PROPORSI BAGIAN TUBUH DAN KADAR PROKSIMAT IKAN GABUS PADA BERBAGAI UKURAN

OpenAIRE

Ruddy - Suwandi; - - nurjanah; margaretha - winem

2014-01-01

Ikan gabus (Channa striata) merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang sudah banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Ikan gabus hidup di muara sungai, danau, rawa, dan dapat pula hidup di air kotor dengan kadar oksigen rendah. Ikan gabus belum banyak dibudidayakan secara luas dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai produk olahan ikan. Informasi mengenai proporsi tubuh ikan gabus masih kurang dan belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsi bagian-bagian tubuh ikan dan komp...

Application of remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) in the selection of a NPP potential site in west Kalimantan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heni Susiati; Yarianto SBS; Kurnia Anzhar; Bansyah Kironi; June Mellawati

2015-01-01

Potential site selection on spatial basis which applied throughout the coast of West Kalimantan has been performed by adding additional criteria compare to the criteria used in 2014. The objective of research is to get the potential site of nuclear power plants (NPP) in the coastal areas of West Kalimantan Province based on the applicable criteria. Research methods include collecting of primary data, interpretation of remote sensing data, and weighting analysis based on SIG. The research results obtained six of potential site for NPP, i e., Air Besar Village Kendawangan Sub-district Ketapang Regency (first rank), Sie Village Simpang Hilir Sub-district Kayong Regency (second rank), Sungai Kanan Village Muara Sub-district Ketapang Regency (third rank), Sungai Nanjung Village Matan Sodascorbate Ketapang Regency (fourth rank), Kendawangan Kanan Village Kendawangan Sub-district Ketapang Regency (fifth rank) dan Sungai Nanjung Village Matan Sub-district Ketapang Regency, Matang Village Paloh Sub-district, Sambas Regency (sixth rank). Analysis of land suitability showed that all potential has met the general and specific criteria, among other things because it is not a peat and far away from the settlements. (author)

Screening of Thermophilic Bacteria Produce Xylanase from Sapan Sungai Aro Hot Spring South Solok

Science.gov (United States)

Irdawati, I.; Syamsuardi, S.; Agustien, A.; Rilda, Y.

2018-04-01

xylanase is one of the enzymes with great prospects as hemicellulose hydrolyzing enzyme. Global annual market demand for this enzyme reach US 200 million. This enzyme catalyzes the xylan (hemicellulose) reactions breaking into xilooligosakarida and xylose. Xylanase can be applied to various industrial sectors such as bread, sugar xylose, biofuels, especially in bleaching paper (bleaching) pulp. Xylanase Isable to replace conventional chemical bleaching using chlorine that is not friendly for the environment. Currently xylanase production is extracted from the thermophilic bacteria for enzyme stability at high temperatures that are suitable for industrial applications. Thermophilic bacteria can be isolated from a hot spring, one of the which is a source of Sapan Sungai Aro Hot Spring, located in the district South Solok. The aim of this study was to select and identification of thermophilic bacteria can produce xylanase.This roomates is a descriptive study, which was Carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Mathematic and Science Faculty of Padang State University, and Laboratory of Bacteriology, BasoVeterinary Research Center. The research procedure consisted of the preparation and sterilization of materials and tools, medium manufacturing, regeneration, selection and identification. Selection is performed by using a semiquantitative screening plate that contains xylan substrate. Identification is based on microscopic and biochemical characteristics until the genus level.Selection results Showed 12 out of 16 isolates had xilanolitik activity, with the highest activity is SSA2 with xilanolitik index of 0.74. The top five index producehigestxilanolitik isolates that are SSA2, SSA3 and SSA4 identified as Bacillus sp. 1., and SSAS6 and SSA7 is Bacillus sp. 2.

Utilizing of 2-D resistivity with geotechnical method for sediment mapping in Sungai Batu, Kedah

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Taqiuddin, Z. M.; Rosli, S.; Nordiana, M. M.; Azwin, I. N.; Mokhtar, S.

2017-07-01

Sungai Batu is Lembah Bujang subdistrict, located at northern region of Peninsular Malaysia, recognized as an international cultural and commercial crossroad for 2000 years ago, and recorded as the oldest archaeological site in southeast Asia. The discovering of iron smelting area (1st-4th century) shows the evidence of important iron industry in Malay Peninsular to others civilization. Nowadays, a lot of interdisciplinary research was conducted in this area including geophysical prospect to understand the subsurface profile for this locality. Geophysical approach such as 2-D resistivity was performed with the main objective is to identify sediment deposit for this area. Three 2-D resistivity survey lines were design across borehole and data acquired using ABEM SAS4000 system with Pole-dipole array using 2.5 m minimum electrode spacing. The data obtained was process using Res2Dinv software to produce inversion model and Surfer10 software used for interpretation and correlation with respective borehole record. The 2-D resistivity inversion model shows that, the area dominated by clay soil with resistivity values of values of >500 Ωm interpreted as hard layer. The saturated zone (25 m which consider large volume of soil deposit during sedimentation process. The correlation with the borehole record shows that clay profile distributed at depth of >20 m. The present of shale in certain borehole record indicate that the environment deposit is clam/stagnant water condition during the formation process which suspected controlled by the deposition process from the land deposit.

Variasi Temporal dan Stabilitas Fisik dan Kimia Senyawa Bioaktif Karotenoid Rumput Laut Coklat Turbinaria decurrens

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Rini Susilowati

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Pada pengembangan senyawa bioaktif karotenoid dari rumput laut coklat Turbinaria decurrens sebagai produk nutrasetikal atau pangan fungsional, pengetahuan mengenai variasi temporal dan stabilitas fisik dan kimia senyawa tersebut merupakan hal yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan variasi temporal dan stabilitas fisik dan kimia senyawa karotenoid dari T. decurrens. Bahan baku T. decurrens diambil dari Pantai Binuangeun, Banten. Kuantifikasi kadar karotenoid pada sampel dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar etanol dari sampel dengan menggunakan teknik spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Variasi temporal kadar karotenoid dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel pada musim penghujan (Februari, musim peralihan (April dan Oktober, serta musim kemarau (Juni dan Agustus, pada tahun 2012. Analisis variabel air (DO, pH, suhu, temperatur, salinitas, fosfat, dan nitrogen anorganik terlarut dari titik pengambilan sampel juga dilakukan, untuk mengetahui faktor utama yang mempengaruhi produksi senyawa ini di alam. Analisis stabilitas senyawa dilakukan dengan perlakuan penambahan asam, basa, oksidator, dan suhu. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa kadar karotenoid temporal dari alga ini berkisar 0,002–0,063 mg/g (bobot segar. Analisis korelasi terhadap variabel air menunjukkan bahwa kadar karotenoid dipengaruhi faktor musim, tidak tergantung pada variabel air lokal. Terkait dengan probabilitas fungsinya dalam fotosintesis, kadar tertinggi senyawa ini terdapat pada musim penghujan. Karotenoid dapat meluruh sebesar 84% pada perlakuan asam, 15% pada perlakukan basa, 28% pada perlakukan oksidasi, dan 15% pada suhu tinggi (70 oC. Dengan demikian, pada pengembangannya sebagai produk pangan fungsional atau nutrasetikal, diperlukan teknik mikroenkapsulasi untuk menjaga stabilitas fisik dan kimia senyawa karotenoid T. decurrens.

Evaluasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Hotel X di Surabaya

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Hutomo Dwi Prabowo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Hotel X merupakan salah satu hotel bintang 4 di Surabaya yang memiliki sarana pengolahan limbah cair dengan kualitas effluent belum memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 72 tahun 2013. Berdasarkan hasil pelaporan pengujian kualitas effluent Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL Hotel X pada 11 Juni 2015 diketahui bahwa salah satu parameter kualitas effluent tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Parameter tersebut adalah COD dengan konsentrasi sebesar 71,684 mg/l. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap IPAL yang ada. Unit yang dievaluasi terdiri dari bak ekualisasi, tangki aerasi, dan bak pengendap 2 dengan sistem activated sludge. Unit-unit ini dievaluasi terhadap efisiensi dan efektivitas masing-masing bangunan. Sampel yang diuji diambil dari influent dan effluent tiap bangunan untuk mengetahui tingkat penyisihan dari tiap bangunan. Hasil evaluasi berupa perubahan fungsi unit, modifikasi unit, dan juga penambahan unit baru.yang direncanakan agar kualitas effluent IPAL Hotel X memenuhi baku mutu. Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk perencanaan sesuai hasil evaluasi adalah Rp. 297.960.000,-

PERANAN MANGROVE SEBAGAI BIOFILTER PENCEMARAN AIR WILAYAH TAMBAK BANDENG TAPAK, SEMARANG (Role of Mangrove as Water Pollution Biofilter in Milkfish Pond, Tapak, Semarang

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Nana T.M. Kariada

2014-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Mangrove yang tumbuh di ujung sungai besar berperan sebagai penampung terakhir bagi limbah dari industri di perkotaan dan perkampungan hulu yang terbawa aliran sungai. Area hutan mangrove mempunyai kemampuan mengakumulasi logam berat yang terdapat dalam ekosistem tempat tumbuhnya. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari  penelitian ini adalah mengkaji peranan mangrove sebagai biofilter pencemaran air dan  mengetahui jenis mangrove yang terbaik berperan sebagai biofilter pencemaran air di di lingkungan tambak bandeng Tapak Kota Semarang. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang akumulasi logam berat Cu antara air dan sedimen tambak, diperoleh hasil telah terjadi akumulasi Cu dengan Faktor Konsentrasi antara 43-400.  Pada stasiun 3 dan 4 terdapat akumulasi Cu dengan nilai Faktor Konsentrasi 3 dan 0,3. Hal ini menunjukkan akumulasi Cu dari sedimen ke akar mangrove relatif masih kecil. Perbedaan akumulasi dari tiap stasiun penelitian yang diamati menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jenis mangrove yang tumbuh pada masing-masing stasiun penelitian. Mangrove yang berada di lingkungan tambak bandeng wilayah Tapak Kota Semarang disimpulkan dapat berperan sebagai biofilter pencemaran air yang ada di perairan tersebut. Mangrove dari jenis Avicennia marina mempunyai peranan yang lebih baik dari jenis Rhizophora sp sebagai biofilter pencemaran air di lingkungan tambak bandeng Tapak Kota Semarang.   ABSTRACT Mangroves,  that is growing at the end of a great river, has a role as the last place for the waste water from urban and domestic industry at the upstream that were carried by the flow of river. Mangrove area  has  ability to accumulate a heavy metals  which is contained in it. The  goals  from this research is to assess role of mangrove as biofilter of water pollution and to find out the best species of mangrove as biofilter of water pollution in milkifish pond in Tapak, Semarang

FACTORS AFFECTING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF RURAL COMMUNITY IN MANAGING WATER SUPPLY IN THE PROJECT AREAS OF REMBANG, BUNGO TEBO, SERANG AND WEST LOMBOK DISTRICTS

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Sri Irianti

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (PSP masyarakat perdesaan dalam pengelolaan air bersih di daerah bantuan proyek telah dilakukan di empat kabupaten yaitu Rembang, Bungo Tebo, Serang, dan Lombok Barat pada tahun 1994. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, diskusi kelompok terfokus (DKT, inspeksi sanitasi, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode acak bertingkat dengan jumlah sampel untuk kuesioner sebanyak 1827 kepala keluarga (KK dan sampel untuk DKT sebanyak 24 kelompok yang terdiri dari kepala keluarga, kader, dan tokoh masyarakat. Tingkat PSP untuk responden KK dibagi dalam tiga kategori yakni rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan adalah status kependudukan, status kemasyarakatan, status ekonomi, pendidikan, penyuluhan. bantuan sarana, pemberian kartu rumah, dan kunjungan kader. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap adalah status ekonomi, pendidikan, kunjungan kader, dan penyuluhan. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku adalah sama dengan faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan ditambah dengan faktor adanya keluarga binaan dan pengetahuan. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara desa bantuan dengan desa bukan bantuan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan linear dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku sehingga disarankan faktor-faktor tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan air bersih di perdesaan. Kata kunci: air bersih perdesaan, pengetahuan-sikap-perilaku

Karakterisasi Kincir Air Sudu Melengkung pada Variasi Sudut Air Masuk (?1 dan Sudut Kelengkungan Sudu (?

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Anak Agung Adhi Suryawan

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Bali memiliki banyak sumber energi aliran air  sungai atau saluran irigasi yang mempunyai debit aliran relatif kecil pada head yang rendah, dengan demikian Hydropower dapat memberikan solusi praktis terhadap masalah konservasi energi dan masalah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini didesain model kincir sudu melengkung ke belakang (back curve vanes skala laboratorium, mengikuti kaidah-kaidah desain turbin air, dengan metode satu busur lingkaran, sehingga pengusaha bengkel nanti dapat membuat sudu kincir air dari potongan pipa besi. Data-data yang  diamati adalah : kapasitas aliran (Qa, head  (Ha, putaran kincir (n,  pada setiap variasi beban, sudut  aliran air masuk sudu,  dan sudut kelengkungan sudu dengan demikian menjadi jelas karakteristik dari kincir air. Empat sudu yang diuji memiliki sudut kelengkungan sudu (? yang berbeda yaitu 10o, 20o, 30o dan 40o, sudut air masuk (?1 yaitu 2/5 ?, 3/5 ?, 4/5 ? dan 5/5 ?. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unjuk kerja sudu lengkung ke belakang dengan besarnya sudut aliran air masuk sudu (?1 yang sesuai/sama dengan sudut kelengkungan sudu (? akan menghasilkan unjuk kerja yang paling baik. Empat sudu yang diuji pada konstan dan variasi kapasitas maka   sudut kelengkungan sudu (? = 20o menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Semakin kecil sudut kelengkungan sudu maka unjuk kerja akan semakin baik dalam batas toleransi atas meningkatnya kerugian gesekan/hidrolis dari fluida kerja yang terjadi. Bali has many sources of river water streams or irrigation channels that have relatively small flow discharge at low head, thus Hydropower can provide practical solutions to energy conservation and environmental issues. In this research, the model is designed for the back curve vanes of laboratory scale, following the rules of water turbine design, with the method of one circular arc, so that the workshop entrepreneur can make the waterwheel from the iron pipe binder. The observed data are: flow capacity (Qa, head (Ha, rotation

RESPON MASYARAKAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DARI PROGRAM SL-PTT PADI NON HIBRIDA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Ria Normanita

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Increasing the productivity of rice through the approach of Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT is one of the strategies that is expected to provide a greater contribution to the national rice production. Based on the results of research, the public response to the program of SL-PTT Non Hybrid Rice in Hulu Sungai Selatan was in the high category (85.71%. Factors affecting the public response to the program were the information, the field guides, the assistance component whereas those having no effects to the public response were the education, the practice, and the application of PTT. The environmental impact of the program of SLPTT Non Hybrid Rice was positive in the economic aspect, which could create welfare for farmers implementing the program. The Social aspect giving a positve impact was  through the transmission of technology adoption that could be applied to non-rice farmers who lived around the area of SL-PTT. The negative impact was the social jealousy among the people who could all not get involved in the program of SL-PTT Non Hybrid Rice.

PENURUNAN TOKSISITAS LEACHATE (AIR LINDI DARI TPAS PUTRI CEMPO MOJOSONGO SURAKARTA DENGAN PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (Toxicity Reduction of Leachate from Putri Cempo Municipal Landfill (TPAS Mojosongo Surakarta with PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride

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Dwi Astuti

2010-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menetapkan persen penurunan toksisitas sesudah diperlakukan dengan PAC. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni dengan pretest-posttest with control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah air lindi yang berasal dari TPAS Putri Cempo MSampel penelitian berupa air lindi sebanyak 250 liter yang diambil dari bagian outlet, cara pengambilan sampel dengan metode quota sampling. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas air lindi terhadap ikan uji berdasarkan LC50 24-96 jam sebagai berikut: (1 tanpa perlakuan PAC: 25,06% (24 jam; 21,07% (48 jam; 17,49% (72 jam; dan 14,97% (96 jam. (2 Dengan perlakuan PAC: 89,44% (24 jam; 63,73% (48 jam; 49,99% (72 jam; dan 40,96% (96 jam. Sehingga persentase penurunan toksisitasnya adalah: 64,38% (24 jam, 42,66% (48 jam, 32,50% (72 jam, dan 25,99% (96 jam.    ABSTRACT The aims of the current study were to determine percentage of leachate toxicity reduction after treatment with PAC. The experimental design used was true experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group design. Population in this study was leachate from Putri Cempo Landfill (TPAS Putri Cempo Mojosongo Surakarta. The sample was 250 litres leachate obtained from the landfill outlet by quota sampling method. The results revealed the leachate toxicity based on LC50 24-96 hours were: (1 without PAC treatment: 25.06% (24 hours, 21.07% (48 hours, 17.49% (72 hours, and 14.97% (96 hours; (2 with PAC treatment: 89.44% (24 hours, 63.73% (48 hours, 49.99% (72 hours, and 40.96% (96 hours. Therefore, the toxicity reductions were: 64.38% (24 hours, 42.66% (48 hours, 32.50% (72 hours, and 25.99% (96 hours.

PEMANFAATAN JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA OLEH PELAKU UMKM (Studi Kasus: 8 Pelaku UMKM pada Sentra Makanan Rendang di Kelurahan Sungai Durian, Kecamatan Lamposi Tigo Nagari, Kota Payakumbuh

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Zeni Eka Putri

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Abstrak: Makanan rendang khas Kota Payakumbuh, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, merupakan salah satu kuliner yang diharapkan menjadi salah satu dari tiga kuliner yang diunggulkan di Indonesia seperti yang dinyatakan Deputi Bidang Pemasaran dan Jaringan Usaha Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM Emilia Suhaimi. Modal sosial seperti jaringan merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu dikembangkan oleh pelaku UMKM. Sudah ada kampung rendang di Kel. Sungai Durian, Kec. Lamposi Tigo Nagari, Kota Payakumbuh bagi pelaku UMKM rendang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan jaringan sosial yang dimiliki dan pemanfaatannya oleh pelaku UMKM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, merupakan studi kasus terhadap 8 pelaku UMKM pada sentra makanan rendang. Hasil dari penelitian adalah;1Pelaku usaha sudah memiliki jaringan sosial mikro yaitu  dalam hal produksi dan pemasaran; 2 Pelaku usaha sudah memiliki jaringan meso, baik dengan Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM, dengan pihak bank, IWAPI, maupun dengan pihak lainnya seperti perguruan tinggi, LIPI, maupun PERTAMINA; 3 Pemanfataan jaringan sodial belum dilakukan secara maksimal karena berbagai keterbatasan; 4 Ada hambatan yang dimiliki oleh pelaku baik secara ekternal maupun internal. Kata kunci: UMKM, rendang, jaringan social   Abstract: Rendang is a wellknown dish originated from West Sumatra. Rendang from Payakumbuh, one of the city that produce rendang in West Sumatra, is  expected to be the top three in Indonesian culinary, as declared by Deputy of Marketing and Business Network Ministry of Coorporatives and SME, Emilia Suhaimi. Social capital like social networking is the primary capital that need to be developed in SME. In line with this purpose, Kampung Rendang has been developed in one of the district in Payakumbuh, located in Sungai Durian, Lamposi Tigo Nagari, Payakumbuh for SME. The aims of this study are to desribe the social network in this SME and the utilization of the network. This study

DUCK (Anas platyrhincos Borneo CULTIVATIONIN HULU SUNGAI UTARA SOUTH KALIMANTAN (OVERVIEW OF MARKET, HUMAN RESOURCES AND FINANCING

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Muhammad Riza Firdaus

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Given Alabio ducks ( Anas platyrinchos Borneo is a commodity that can be developed on wetlands , the study aims to illustrate the potential and development of duck farms that can be relied upon by the provincial government in making policies for the advancement of this duck commodities , especially in the aspect of  markets  ,  human  resources  ,  and  fi nancial  aspects  .  These  three  aspects have been given the results of several previous studies that the three aspects mentioned  this  is  still  an  issue  in  the  development  of  duck  and  production results  .  Hulu  Sungai  Utara  as  duck  production  centers  serve  as  a  test  site  . Qualitative  analysis  of  the  domain  and  toksonomi  method  used  as  a  tool  in analyzing the data of this study . The results show : First , aspects of fi nancing shows that the business is viable and profi table , especially on a large scale . Second , the market requires a lot of innovation in creating related products. Third , explain aspects of human resource regeneration is still a problem and also the managerial constraints such as planning , standardization and quality in all phases . Keywords: Ducks  Alabio,  Financial  Aspects,  Aspects  of  Market  and  Marketing,  Human Resource Aspects

Penentuan Konsentrasi Tanah dalam Air Sungai Berdasarkan Perbedaan Warna

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Imam Sofi'i

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Information of soil erosion is very useful related with prevention action and planning in the future. The objective of this research is to determine soil concentration in water river based on colour differences using image processing and artificial neural network (ANN. Soil and water mixture image was taken using a digital camera then was processed by an image processing program. Two ANN Models were developed. The first model had 3 input parameters while the second model had 6 input parameters. Both models had altogether one output parameters of the soil concentration. The accuracy of the first model was 38% while the second one was 36%.

Community Structure of Riparian Community of Sematang Borang River of South Sumatera

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Yetty Hastiana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Vegetasi riparian adalah sebagai ekoton antara habitat teresterial dengan sistem perairan (sungai. Penyangga riparian berfungsi untuk menjaga kelestarian fungsi sungai dengan cara menahan atau menangkap tanah (lumpur yang tererosi serta unsur hara dan bahan kimia termasuk pestisida yang terbawa dari lahan dibagian kiri kanan sungai agar tidak masuk ke perairan. Sungai Sematang Borang merupakan bagian dari Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Musi, Sungai Sematang Borang memiliki karaketeristik struktur sungai dengan panjang seitar 5 km, lebar sungai mencapai 70 m dan kedalaman sekitar 10 m. Saat ini sungai ini mulai terancam mengalami penurunan kualitas baik fisik, kimia maupun biologi Selain kehilangan habitat alami ikan yang akan berdampak pada penurunan kelimpahan dan biodiversity, perairan ini juga mengalami abrasi pada sisi kiri kanan tebing sungai. Keberadaan vegetasi riparian menjadi penting, selain untuk mencegah abrasi, juga berperan dalam produksi serasah. Produksi serasah berkontribusi dalam transfer bahan organik vegetasi ke dalam tanah. Unsur hara yang dhasilkan dari proses dekomposisi serasah dalam tanah sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup vegetasi dan sebagai sumber detritus bagi ekosistem dalam menyokong kehidupan organisme akuatik. Pentingnya kontribusi vegetasi riparian dalam suatu ekosistem, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap diversitas dan profil vegetasi. Kajian aspek vegetasi, diperkuat dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap kondisi fisik kimia perairan Sematang Borang. Parameter fisik kimiaperairan yang diamati meliputi: suhu, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, COD, BOD, DO, pH, dan Salinitas. Penelitian menerapkan metode ekologi deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif, untuk analisis kualitas fisik kimia perairan didukung analisis laboratorium dan survei. Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi 15 species riparian dengan kategori indeks keanekaragaman riparian 0,09-1,03 dan memiliki pola penyebaran cenderung berkelompok

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU IBU DALAM MEMILIH PENOLONG PERSALINAN DI NAGARI SUNGAI BULUH WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PASAR USANG KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN TAHUN 2007

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Fatmi Arma

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Mortality and morbidity of woman in pregnancy and delivery time is still becoming a big problem in development country. Death due to delivery was a common factor of young woman death in her top reproduction cycle. 75,6% delivery process in Padang Pariaman 2006 was helped by midwife. This number is still lower than national target (85%. Pasar Usang Health Centre is a Health Center in Padang Pariaman which has the lowest number of birth aid by nonprofessional medicine officer (27,9%. There is 7 traditional practitioner in Pasar Usang Health Center Region who still active helping delivery process. 6 traditional practitioner live in Sungai Buluh. It is a descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design. Population included all mother who had delivery process from January till June 2007 (n=116. Data were collected from August 6th till 13'h using questionnaire. There were no significant relationship on educational grade with mother option of delivery assistant. But there were significant relationship on mother’s knowledge and medicine officer service with mother option of delivery assistant.

DISTRIBUSI HUTAN BAKAU DI LAGUNA PANTAI SELATAN YOGYAKARTA (Mangrove Distribution at the Lagoons in the Southern Coast of Yogyakarta

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Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan

2007-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK  Kehadiran sisa hutan bakau di laguna Bogowonto, pantai selatan Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa pada masa lalu laguna tersebut didominasi oleh hutan bakau, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kehadiran vegetasi bakau di laguna-laguna dan muara sungai di pantai selatan tersebut. Ada empat laguna di pantai Selatan Yogyakarta, laguna Bogowonto, Serang, Progo, Opak, dan satu muara sungai, Kali Baron. Laguna tersebut merupakan laguna internitten, artinya pada musim kemarau, mulut sungainya tertutup gumuk pasir dan laguna didominasi oleh perairan tawar dan merupakan ekosistem tergenang. Sebaliknya di musim hujan mulut sungai terbuka, laguna bersifat sebagai ekosistem pasang surut. Data vegetasi dicuplik dengan menggunakan kuadrat plot berukuran 10m x 20m dengan ulangan dua kali. Kuadrat plot ditempatkan pada pusat distribusi mangrovenya, yang dipilih mulai dari rawa burit ke arah muara sungai. Tekstur tanah, hara tanah, salinitas air dan hara air juga dikaji. Kehadiran hutan bakau di laguna dibatasi oleh tekstur tanah. Tekstur pasir, 60-99 %, mendominasi laguna Serang, Progo, Opak dan muara kali Baron. Komunitas bakau hanya ditemukan di laguna Bogowonto, yang tersusun atas 5 jenis bakau, Sonneratia alba, Nypa fruticans, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrosticum sp., dan Derris heterophylla, dan dua jenis spesies peralihan, Pandanus sp. dan Cynodon dactylon. Pola distribusi komunitasnya mengelompok (clump, mempunyai tipe riverine mangrove,dan tidak membentuk zonasi. Sonneratia hadir mulai dari muara sungai sampai di rawa burit. Ketika air surut salinitas berkisar antara 0-6,5 %. Nypa hanya ditemukan satu kelompok di kaki gumuk. Distribusi Sonneratia tidak ditentukan oleh tinggi genangan, akan tetapi tinggi pneumatophor mengikuti pola tinggi genangan air. Di laguna Bogowonto, spesies bakau tidak mempunyai zonasi dan beradaptasi pada sistem ekologinya.   ABSTRACT  The presence of mangrove remnant at the lagoon of Bogowonto River in the southern

Pengaruh kualitas air limbah sentra industri penyamakan kulit sitimulyo terhadap karakteristik air sungai

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R. Jaka Susila

2005-07-01

Full Text Available The characteristic of waste discaharged in tanning industry depends on variety and describe of processing and technology are used. Liquid effluent is high-grade category. Waste water comes from beam house process and tanning process, and the dangerous of waste is trivalent and hexavalent of chrome from tanning chrome process. The management of waste in the tanning industry is holding and handling start at raw material, auxiliaries, processing, finishing the last product and the end of pipe treatment. The objective of the research was to know the influence of waste water quality in tanning industry centre Sitimulyo for water river characteristic. The sample was examine in 5 months and the eight parameters were limited by SK Gunernur No : 281/KPTS/1998: Waste water analysis in tanning industry was BOD 31,80mg/l, COD 660,84 mg/l, TSS 221,60 mg/l, Chrom 0,07 mg/l, N-Amonia 13,36 mg/l, Sulfide 13,56 mg/l, Oil/fat 4,80 mg/l, and pH 7,53. Characteristic water river befor received pollutant was BOD 0,75 mg/l, COD 12,18 mg/l, TSS 10,00 mg/l, Chrom 0,01 mg/l, N-Amonia 2,07 mg/l, Sulfide 0,17 mg/l, oil/fat 4,00 mg/l, and pH 7,48. Characteristic water river after received polutan was BOD 8,17 mg/l, COD 38,42 mg/l, TSS 14,00 mg/l, Chrom 0,06 mg/l, N-Amonia 0,47 mg/l, Sulfide 0,002 mg/l, Oil/fat 4,21 mg/l and pH 7,33. Stated that there is a correlation between waste water quality in tanning industry centre Sitimulyo with the river. Although water river characteristic to be change, but still full fill the requiremnts.

Pemetaan Kelembagaan dalam Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu

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Sri Rum Giyarsih

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Fakta empiris memberikan pembuktian terhadap pentingnya pengembangan kelembagaan dalam rangka mencapai keberhasilan suatu program pembangunan, bahkan seringkali program pembangunan yang mengabaikan pengembangan kelembagaan berakhir dengan kegagalan. Pengembangan kelembagaan telah menjadi bagian dari strategi pembangunan tak terkecuali dalam Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis di DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu. Sasaran yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan pengembangan kelembagaan adalah tumbuhnya kelembagaan yang tangguh, dinamis, dan berdaya saing serta mandiri dalam melakukan pengelolaan lingkungan. Untuk mencapai hal ini maka perlu dilakukan pemetaan kelembagaan di DAS tersebut. Dari pemetaan kelembagaan yang ada di wilayah ini terdapat tiga lembaga yang dapat melakukan kegiatan Koordinasi, Intergrasi, Sinergitas, Sinkronisasi (KISS yaitu BKPRD (Badan Koordinasi Penataan Ruang Daerah, BP DAS (Badan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai/Forum DAS, dan TKPSDA WS Bengawan Solo (Tim Koordinasi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Wilayah Sungai Bengawan Solo. Di antara ketiga lembaga tersebut maka TKPSDA adalah lembaga yang dipercaya untuk melakukan Koordinasi, Intergrasi, Sinergitas, Sinkronisasi (KISS dalam pengelolaan lingkungan DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu.

Adsorption-desorption, mobility and degradation of 14C-Glyphosate in two soil series

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ismail, B. S.; Zaifah Abdul Kadir; Khairiah Jusoh; Nashriyah Mat

2002-01-01

The adsorption desorption and degradation of glyphosate (Roundup) have been studied using 14 C glyphosate in two soils, namely Serdang Series and Sungai Buloh Series. The percentage of adsorption was not significantly different (p 14 C- glyphosate was detected in 0-10 cm zone of the two soils studied. However, in Sungai Buloh Series, a significant amount of 14 C-glyphosate was detected in the 10-20 cm zone. A small amount of 14 C radioactivity was also detected in the leachate of the two soils. The percentage of degradation in the Sungai Buloh and Serdang Series soils was higher at 10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, concentration, respectively. At 50 μg/ml concentration the Sungai Buloh Series soil showed higher glyphosate residue (83%) as compared to Serdang Series (48%). In contrast, the glyphosate residue was found to be higher in the Serdang Series (73916) as compared to the Sungai Buloh Series (30%) at 10 μg/ml concentration. (Author)

Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Batubara Pada Swirling Fluidized Bed Dryer Terhadap Karakteristik Pengeringan Batubara

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Zainal Fanani

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Desain suatu PLTU salah satunya dibuat berdasarkan kualitas batubara yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Pada PLTU batubara dibakar didalam boiler, didalam boiler terdapat pulverizer yang berfungsi untuk menghaluskan batubara dan menambah pasokan batubara kedalam boiler jika batubara didalam boiler memiliki nilai heating value rendah. Dengan menggunakan batubara dengan kualitas rendah maka suplai batubara yang dibutuhkan untuk memanaskan boiler  akan semakin banyak, hal ini bisa mengakibatkan kerja dari pulverizer akan semakin berat. Indonesia sendiri merupakan salah satu negara penghasil batubara terbersa didunia. Namun hampir 80% batubara yang dihasilkan tergolong batubara rendah dan sedang [1] . Untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor batubara perlu dilakukan pengeringan untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam batubara. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengeringkan batubara didalam chamber dengan temperature udara 550C, sudut blade 200 dan massa pengeringan sebanyak 600gram, variasi ukuran partikel batubara 5mm, 10mm, 15mm. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menimbang berat batubara setiap satu menit sebanyak 5 kali  , dua menit sebanyak 3 kali, dan lima menit sebanyak 4 kali. Data yang diperoleh berupa relative humidity udara, temperature udara, berat sampel basah dan berat sampel kering. Pengambilan data berat sampel kering dilakukan berdasarkan standart ASTM D5142 dengan pengeringan pada temperatur 1050C selama 3 jam. Dari hasil eksperimen didapat bahwa proses pelepasan massa uap air paling banyak terjadi pada lima menit pertama yang ditandai dengan penurunan moisture content paling besar. Pada partikel batubara ukuran 5mm,10mm,15mm didapat moisture content terendah berturut-turut sebesar  6,48 %, 7,66 %, 7,47 %. Untuk laju pengeringan didapat nilai terendah berturut-turut sebesar 0,062 gram/menit, 0,104 gram/menit, 0,023 gram/menit,  sedangkan selisih humidity ratio ( ɷ2-ɷ1 didapat nilai terendah berturut turut sebesar 0,0072gram/kg dry air, 0

GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT IN AGRICULTURAL AREA, CASE STUDY FROM MACHANG-MALAYSIA (Penilaian Air Tanah di Daerah Pertanian, Studi Kasus di Machang Malaysia

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Nur Islami

2010-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The study area is located in Machang, North Kelantan - Malaysia. The North Kelantan plain is covered with Quaternary sediments overlying granite bedrock. The drainage system is dendritic with the main river flowing into the South China Sea. Hydrogeochemical method was used to study groundwater of shallow aquifer characters within the area. Based on water samples analysis collected from the study area, it can be deduced that the cations and anions concentration are good for domestic use except in the southern region which the nitrate concentration is higher (more than 20 mg/l compared to the northern region (relatively zero. The areas that possibly possess nitrate-contaminated groundwater have been mapped along with groundwater flow patterns. The southern and middle part of the study area has an east to west groundwater flow pattern, making it impossible for contaminated water from the southern region to enter the northern area, despite in the northern area has lower elevation. ABSTRAK Lokasi area studi adalah berada di Machang, Kelantan Utara – Malaysia. Dataran tanah wilayah Kelantan Utara dilapisi oleh batuan Sedimen Kuarter yang mana batuan granit sebagai batuan dasar. Sistem pengairan adalah berbentuk jaringan dendritik dengan sungai utama mengalir ke Laut Cina Selatan. Metoda hydrogeochemical digunakan untuk mempelajari karakter air tanah dari akuifer dangkal untuk keseluruhan area studi. Berdasarkan pada analisa air yang diperoleh dari area studi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi kation dan anion baik digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari hari kecuali air tanah di area sebelah selatan yang mana kandungan nitratnya tinggi (lebih dari 20 mg/l dibandingkan di area sebelah utara (hampir tidak ada kandungan nitrat. Area yang memungkinkan memiliki konsentrasi nitrat pada air tanah dipetakan dengan kombinasi pola aliran air tanah. Pola aliran air tanah di area belahan selatan dan bagian tengah adalah dari timur ke barat yang mana tidak

ANALISIS KADAR LOGAM DAN CARA MUDAH MENGENALI UDANG YANG TERAKUMULASI LOGAM: STUDI KASUS TENTANG UDANG DI SUNGAI DONAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH (Metal Content Analysis and Easily Recognize for Shrimps that Accumulates of Metal: Case Study about Shrimps

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Tumisem Tumisem

2011-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang Analisis Kadar Logam dan Cara Mudah Mengenali Berbagai Udang yang Terakumulasi Logam dilakukan dengan: mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis udang, menganalisis kadar logam dan menganalisis secara morfologi berbagai jenis udang terkait dengan morfologi tubuhnya. Penelitian dilakukan di sepanjang Sungai Donan Cilacap dengan cara menangkap berbagai jenis udang di sepanjang sungai tersebut setiap musim. Analisis kadar logam dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Analitik UGM, identifikasi dan analisis morfologi udang dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Kimia UMP. Hasil identifikasi diperoleh enam jenis udang yaitu udang Tepus, Pletok, Jahe, Peci, Sikat, dan Wuku. Berdasarkan hasil analisis morfologi (warna tubuh menunjukkan semua jenis udang yang berasal dari lokasi sekitar tailing semen dan pertamina berwarna lebih gelap (kehitaman atau hitam kemerahan, dan yang berasal dari lokasi sungai yang memiliki tanaman bakau adalah cerah dan segar (warna lebih kelihatan bening. Hasil analisis kadar logam jenis Cd dan Pb pada semua udang tidak terdeteksi, sedangkan analisis kadar Cu terdeteksi pada udang Pletok, Wuku dan Sikat dengan kadar melebihi baku mutu kesehatan 0,1 ppm. Rata-rata kadar Cu pada udang tersebut sebesar 66,256 ppm per 1000 gram udang kering. Dari hasil analisis morfologi (bentuk tubuh dari semua jenis udang baik yang terakumulasi logam maupun tidak memiliki bentuk yang sama, sehingga tidak dapat menjadi patokan dalam mengenali udang yang tercemar logam. Berdasarkan penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan udang yang terakumulasi bahan pencemar di atas standar keamanan pangan berwarna hijau kehitaman dan merah kehitaman, sedangkan udang yang tidak terakumulasi bahan pencemar berwarna putih segar. ABSTRACT Research on the metal content analysis and Easily Recognize for shrimps that accumulates of metal have done by identify various types of shrimps, metal content analysis, and analyzed morphologically various types of shrimp related

Pencirian Karbon Organik Air Sungai Citarum Hulu Dari Masukan Air Limbah Penduduk Dan Industri

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Harsono, Eko; Nomosatryo, Sulung

2010-01-01

Characterisation of Organic Carbon of Up Stream Citarum River Water from Domestic andIndustrial Waste Effluent. The local government of Citarum upstream area has conducted theriver cleaning program to increase Disolved Oxygen since 1991 until now. The program hasimpacted to installments of to wastewater treatment for 80% industrials in the Upper Citarumdrainage area declining the load of BOD5 wastewater. However most of waste water comingfrom Banung population have been treated in the collect...

Metode Tracer Test untuk Mencari Hubungan Antar Sistem Sungai Bawah Tanah Di Akuifer Karst

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Harjito Harjito

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Problem yang umum dijumpai di kawasan karst adalah mengenai ketersediaan air, mengingat kondisi hidrologi kawasan karst yang berbeda dengan kawasan lain. Ditinjau dari sisi lain, masyarakat di sekitar kawasan rencana perluasan eksploitasi masih memanfaatkan mata air yang daerah tangkapannya berasal dari perbukitan batu gamping untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air domestik dan irigasi pertanian. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya penelitian hidrologi karst lebih lanjut terutama mengenai keberadaan sistem jaringan yang saling terhubung di dalam kawasan rencana perluasan eksploitasi dan sekitarnya. Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan terhadap kebijakan yang akan diambil sebagai upaya untuk dapat melakukan pengelolaan potensi tersebut sebaik-baiknya. Tracer test dilakukan sebagai bentuk follow-up dari survei gua dan sinkhole yang ada di sekitar area tambang. Tracer test dilakukan untuk mengetahui konektivitas aliran pada sistem gua berair dan mata air Cipintu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian potensi debit air di Mata air Cipintu sebesar 18,55 liter/s dan mengindikasikan adanya konektivitas antara gua berair dengan Mata air Cipintu. Kata kunci : karst, hidrologi, tracer test, eksploitasi

LAJU PENURUNAN LOGAM BERAT PLUMBUM (PB) DAN CADMIUM (CD) OLEH EICHORNIA CRASSIPES DAN CYPERUS PAPYRUS (The Diminution Rate Of Heavy Metals, Plumbum And Cadmium By Eichornia Crassipes And Cyperus)

OpenAIRE

Tosepu, Ramadhan

2012-01-01

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis lama waktu (hari) laju penurunan logam berat plumbum dan cadmium oleh Eichornia crassipes dan Cyperus papyrus. (2) membandingkan laju penurunan logam lumbum dan cadmium oleh Eichornia crassipes dan Cyperus papyrus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar dengan pemeriksaan sampel air dilakukan di Laboratotium Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Maros. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik dengan uji T test d...

Model Pengambilan Keputusan Untuk Mengembalikan Fungsi Hutan Pasca Reklamasi Lahan Bekas Timah dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process

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Hilyah Magdalena

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Setelah masa kejayaan timah berlalu dari Pulau Bangka, maka saat ini Pulau Bangka harus berusaha membenahi peninggalan penambangan timah yang telah berlangsung lama. Masalah besarnya adalah rusaknya ekosistem baik itu di darat, sungai, maupun di pesisir pantai. Selain itu areal bekas tambang timah ternyata cukup luas dan seharusnya dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat Pulau Bangka. Direktorat Kehutanan mempunyai beberapa strategi untuk memanfaatkan kembali lahan bekas tambang timah tersebut. Penelitian ini menganalisa beberapa kriteria untuk meenentukan model pengambilan keputusan terbaik yang akan dilaksanakan di Pulau Bangka. Kriteria–kriteria yang dianalisa adalah lokasi tambang terdiri dari lokasi daratan, sungai, dan pesisir pantai. Kriteria lainnya adalah dampak lingkungan yang terdiri dari rusaknya ekosistem pesisir, cemarnya sumber air bersih, perubahan topografi garis pantai, limbah tailing, padang pasir, dan erosi. Kriteria terakhir yang dianalisa adalah teknologi perbaikan lahan yang terdiri dari, teknologi pertanian dengan amelioran pupuk organik dan menggunakan kompos untuk menurunkan kadar timbal dalam air kolong sebagai media budidaya ikan. Sedangkan alternatif – alternatif yang akan dipilih untuk mengembalikan fungsi hutan di Pulau Bangka adalah agroforestri, ekowisata, silvopastura, dan silvofishery. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP yang menyusun beberapa criteria untuk memilih beberapa alternatif dengan membandingkan tingkat kepentingannya. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kriteria paling penting adalah teknologi perbaikan lahan dengan bobot mencapai 48,9% dan alternatif yang terpilih adalah agroforestri dengan bobot mencapai 33,1%.

PERENCANAAN TATA GUNA LAHAN DAS WAY SEPUTIH HULU LAMPUNG TENGAH MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TATA AIR (Landuse Planning for Way Seputih Watershed at Central Lampung by Water Management Model

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Mohammad Amin

2008-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Das Way Seputih Hulu merupakan sungai yang terletak di Kabupaten Larnpung Tengah, merniliki luas 175,28 km2. Kejadian banjir di Desa Segalarninder hilir Way Seputih Hulu terjadi setiap datang musim penghujan. Hasil penelitian bempa software program tata-air.exe, konsep dasar rnodel menggunakan neraca air (waterbalance yang dibuat dengart program delphi versi 7. Hasil uji t-tes antara tebal aliran model simulasi dengan pengukuran lapangan menunjukkan nilai t-hitung (0,14 lebih besar dari t-tabel (2,51, sehingga dikatakan model dapat digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi berbagai alternatif penggunaan lahan. Hasil simulasi program tata-air.exe menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan alternatif untuk eksperimentasi model menghasilkan nilai rasio tebal aliran di bawah angka 30. Kondisi rasio tebal aliran air Way Seputih Hulu memiliki nilai berkisar antara 2,84 sanrpai 3,40, sehingga dapat dikatakan dalam kondisi masih wajar bahkan dapat dikatakan mempunvai nilai yang cukup bagus. Alternatif penggunaan lahan yang mengarah kepada bentuk lahan kebun campuran akan memberikan nilai rasio paling kecil dan menghasilkan produksi air yang kecil pula.   ABSTRACT  Watersheed of Way Seputih Upstream represent river which located in Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, oing wide of 175,28 km2. Occurence of floods in Countryside of Segalaminder go downstream Way Seputih Upstream happened in every coming rain season. Result of the research namely tata-air.exe, base concept of modeling uses water balance was made by using Delphi 7th version. Result of t-test value between modeled discharge flow and field measurement result shows t-counting value (0.14 higher than t-table (2.51, hence the model is can be used for simulating various landuse alternative. The simulation result using tata-air.exe shows that entire alternatives for model experimentation resulted discharge ratio value was under 30. Condition of Way Seputih Hulu River discharge was in the range between 2.84 until 3

Faktor – Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pelaksanaan Toilet Training pada Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun di PAUD Islam Cerliana Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2016

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sherly vermita warlenda

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Toilet training pada anak merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol dalam melakukan buang air kecil dan buang air besar. Toilet training ini dapat berlangsung pada fase kehidupan anak yaitu umur 18 bulan-2 tahun. Dalam melakukan latihan buang air kecil dan besar pada anak membutuhkan persiapan baik secara fisik, psikologis maupun secara intelektual, melalui persiapan tersebut diharapkan anak mampu mengontrol buang air besar atau kecil secara sendiri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 responden di PAUD Islam Cerliana. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, analisis data univariat dan bivariate. Hasil penelitian di uji secara statistik dengan uji chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % menggunakan program komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu (p = 0,00, dan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, umur ibu, dan lingkungan dengan pelaksanaan toilet training pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di PAUD Islam Cerliana Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2016. Diharapkan kepada ibu untuk melatih anak agar BAK dan BAB ditoilet sejak dini. Diharapkan kepada pihak sekolah khususnya para guru untuk mengajarkan toilet training sejak dini pada anak dan menghindari penggunaan diapers pada anak.

STUDI KUALITAS UDARA DI SEKITAR SUNGAI TELAGAWAJA, DESA MUNCAN, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM BALI

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I WAYAN ARTHANA

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The research was done in surrounding Telagawaja River at Muncan Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali at October2008. The aim of the research was to know the air quality condition in that area. There were six air quality parametersmeasured at three different sites. The content of NO2 at the air varied 24,29-31,87 ?g/m3 was higher than that in GunaksaBeach where there are no activities at all but it was lower than that in Sawangan Nusa Dua where full of tourismactivities. The level of SO2 at the range of 34,44-44,97 ?g/m3 was lower than that in Padangbai Harbour where full ofhuman activities and transportations. The content of dust at the range of 105,82 ?g/m3, CO at the range of 497,78-568,89?g/m3, Pb at the range of 0,250-0,792 ?g/m3. The level of noise at the range of 40,33-53,79 dB(A was lower than that invillage community at Kubu, Karangasem Regency and also lower than that in Sawangan Beach of Nusa Dua. All the airquality parameters are not yet over than standard of safe air quality level.

PENGUATAN INFORMASI EKOWISATA MELALUI FILM DOKUMENTER DI KELURAHAN SEI MEMPURA

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Mohd. Fauzi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensinergikan kegiatan tri darma perguruan tinggi dengan ekowisata di kelurahan Sei Mempura dengan memberikan wawasan baru tentang penguatan informasi ekowisata melalui film dokumenter di kelurahan Sei Mempura serta menerapkan pendekatan partisipatif bagi masyarakat lokal dalam rangka penguatan informasi ekowisata melalui film dokumenter di kelurahan Sei Mempura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa tahapan. tahap pertama membuat film dokumenter di kelurahan Sungai Mempura dan mewawancarai dinas terkait. Tahap kedua membuat laporan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi ekowisata yang ada di kelurahan Sungai Mempura sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan terutama. Promosi yang terus menerus harus dilakukan, salah satunya adalah dengan pembuatan film dokumenter.Kata kunci: Ekowisata, film, penelitian AbstractThis research aimed to sinchronize the university services to the society by producing documenter film about Sungai Mempura village. This research used descriptive-qualitative by using two steps. Firstly, we produced the documenter film of Sungai Mempura village. Secondly, we made a report about the research. The result of the reasearch shown that the ecotourist in Sungai Mempura village was very potential and exotic and needed to be developed. The continuous promotion should be made and this film will give useful contribution to promote this natural richness which giving benefits to people. Keywords: ecotouris, film, research

Pemetaan Potensi Kekeringan Lahan se-pulau Batam menggunakan Teknik Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG dan Penginderaan Jauh

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Titi Aprilliyanti

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Kekeringan merupakan hubungan antara ketersediaan air yang jauh dibawah kebutuhan baik untuk kebutuhan hidup, pertanian, kegiatan ekonomi dan lingkungan. Informasi mengenai potensi kekeringan sangat diperlukan untuk pencegahan ataupun penanggulangan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan peta potensi kekeringan lahan di Batam yang berbasis web. Dalam penelitian ini memanfaatkan teknik penginderaan jauh dan SIG. Penggunaan citra landsat 8 untuk menentukan nilai LST (Land Surface Temperature dan penggunaan lahan kemudian di overlay dan dilakukan scoring. Tahap akhir penelitian yaitu melakukan validasi terhadap parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi dengan mengambil beberapa sampel. Adapun hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah peta potensi kekeringan se-pulau Batam yang memiliki 5 kelas potensi kekeringan. Kelas potensi kekeringan sangat rendah dengan  luas area 2629.45 ha yang dominan terletak pada Kecamatan Sungai Beduk, Sekupang dan Batu Aji. Kelas potensi kekeringan rendah dengan luas area 9585.521 ha yang dominan terletak pada Kecamatan Sekupang. Kelas potensi kekeringan sedang dengan  luas area 9507.12 ha yang dominan terletak pada Kecamatan Sekupang. Kelas potensi kekeringan tinggi dengan  luas area 7081.392 ha yang dominan terletak pada Kecamatan Sekupang, Sagulung dan Nongsa. Kelas potensi kekeringan sangat tinggi dengan luas area 15600.12 ha yang dominan terletak pada Kecamatan Batam Kota dan Nongsa.   Drought is the relationship between the availability of water is far below the need both for the necessities of life, agriculture, economic activities and the environment. Information about potential droughts is indispensable for the prevention or mitigation to reduce the negative impact caused. As for the purpose of this research is to produce a map of potential drought land in the Batam-based web. In this research utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques. The use of

PENDUGAANPARAMETERPERTUMBUHAN,MORTALITAS DANUKURAN PERTAMAMATANGGONAD IKAN GABUS (Channa striata DI RAWABANJIRAN SUNGAIMUSI

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Syarifah Nurdawati

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Ikan gabus merupakan salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produk olahan. Habitat ikan gabus di SungaiMusi yaitu banyak dijumpai di rawa banjiran seperti lebak-lebak di SungaiMeriak, Sungai Semuntul dan hutan rawa Danau Cala. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari–Desember 2010 dengan tujuan untukmengetahui pertumbuhan, mortalitas, laju pertumbuhan dan ukuran pertama matang gonad. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 11 bulan penelitian didapatkan sampel ikan gabus sebanyak 2.303 ekor dengan kisaran nilai tengah panjang antara 20 - 500 mm, Ikan gabus betina pertama matang gonad berukuran panjang 210 mm sedangkan ikan gabus jantan pada ukuran 185 mm. Dari analisa Ford-Walford diperoleh nilai parameter pertumbuhan dengan panjang asimtotik ikan gabus (L sebesar 575,9 mm, koefisien pertumbuhan (K sebesar 0,173 per tahun dan umur teorits (t0 sebesar - 0,07 per tahun sehingga diperoleh persamaan pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy untuk ikan gabus adalah Lt = 575,9 (1-e-0,173(t +0,07. Dugaan laju kematian alami (M sebesar 0,25 per tahun dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F sebesar 0,51 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E ikan gabus sebesar 0,67 per tahun atau sudah melebihi nilai eksploitasi optimumyaitu 0,50. The snakehead fishis considered to be an important food fish.The fishes arewidely used asraw material refined products. Habitat of Channa striata in floodplain of Musi River, there are in Meriak River, Semuntul River and in plood plain of Cala lake. Estimation of population parameters and size at the firstmaturity of female and male snakehead (Channa striata has been conducted from February 2010 to December 2010. The purpose is to estimate fish population parameters quantitatively including growth of snakehead. The first sexual maturity and natural mortality (M, fishing mortality (Z and exploitation rates (E of snakehead.The results of this study showed that 11 month study period we

Correlation of Self Potential and Ground Magnetic Survey Techniques to Investigate Fluid Seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia

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Tajudeen O. Adeeko

2018-05-01

Full Text Available One of the substantial of geophysics is to investigate the subsurface condition of the earth (groundwater using appropriate geophysical techniques. In this research the correlation of self potential (SP and ground magnetic methods was used to investigate fluid seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia. Self-potential method was used to determine flow of water, and Ground magnetic method was used to find object that can influence the result of self potential measurement and the aquifer depth, the lines were spread 0m ≤ x ≤ 9m, 0m ≤ y ≤ 30m with a trace intervals of 1.5m and 0.75m per electrode spacing respectively. The result display by Self Potential signals gives a clear understand that water flow from higher value (central towards the lower value which is mostly at the southwest part than other areas and distinct level of feasible flow at different part ranges from -30mV to +35mV,which are very related to seepage flow patterns, negative SP anomalies were related with subsurface seepage flow paths (recharge zone and positive SP anomalies were related with areas of seepage outflow (discharge zone; and Ground Magnetic signals shows good details of the buried materials with high magnetic values which was interpreted as baked clay bricks and low magnetic values indicate groundwater seepage with depth of 5m. Therefore, the two results have correlation significant at 0.8 which show good correlation in groundwater investigation in this study, which validates the results.

Penentuan Umur Simpan Lengkuas dengan Model Arrhenius Berdasarkan Kadar Air dan Kadar Sari Larut dalam Air

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Rita Khathir

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak. Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga adalah salah satu tanaman penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Tanaman ini dapat digunakan untuk bumbu masakan dan obat herbal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menduga umur simpan lengkuas segar dengan menggunakan model Arrhenius. Lengkuas segar yang baru dipanen dibersihkan dan dipotong-potong dengan ukuran 2cm, kemudian disimpan pada suhu 5, 10 dan 28°C. Evaluasi dilakukan oleh 25 orang panelis dengan menggunakan skala hedonic dari sangat suka sampai sangat tidak suka terhadap warna, kesegaran, aroma dan tekstur. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air dan kadar sari larut dalam air. Parameter tersebut diamati dalam interval 3 hari selama 21 hari atau sampai sampel dinyatakan tidak disukai oleh panelis pada salah satu kriteria hedoniknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pad asuhu 28°C, lengkuas dapat disimpan selama 3 hari, sedangkan pada suhu 10 dan 5°C, lengkuas dapat disimpan selama 12 dan 21 hari. Energi aktivasi (EA dan tingkat perubahan mutu (Q10 karena kadar sari larut dalam air lebih besar dari energi aktivasi (EA dan tingkat perubahan mutu (Q10 karena kadar air lengkuas. Namun demikian, kedua parameter tersebut tidak tepat digunakan untuk menduga umur simpan lengkuas.   Shelf-Life Prediction of Galanga by Using Arrhenius Model Based on Its Moisture and Water Soluble Extract Content Abstract. Galanga (Alpinia galanga is one of important plants for Indonesian people. It can be used as spices and also as herbal medicine. The aim of this study is to predict the shelf-life of fresh galanga by using Arrhenius model. Fresh harvested galanga, which was cleaned and chopped at width about 2 cm, was stored at temperatures 5, 10, and 28°C. The evaluation was done by 25 respondents by using hedonic scale from the range of like very much until dislike very much. This hedonic evaluation was assessed, based on colour, freshness, aroma, and texture. Parameters observed were moisture and water soluble extract

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP HASIL AIR DI DAS CISADANE HULU

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Nilda Nilda

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting bagi manusia. Terdapat beberapa faktor utama penyebab perubahan sumber daya air, diantaranya adalah perubahan penutupandan pengelolaan lahan yang meningkatkan kekedapan lahan.Salah satu tujuan pengelolaan DAS adalah mencapai kondisi tata air optimal yang dapat dikenali dari sifat aliran sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1 mengetahui distribusi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi di wilayah DAS Cisadane Hulu dari tahun 2003 sampai 2010; (2 mengetahui perubahan hasil air akibat distribusi perubahan penggunaan lahan. Daerah kajian penelitian adalah DAS Cisadane Hulu dengan luasan sekitar 22.288,01 ha. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahap yaitu analisis perubahan penggnaan lahan dan prediksi aliran dengan model HEC-HMS. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan peta pengunaan lahan dari BIG (Badan Informasi Geospasial tahun 2003 dan Peta Penggunaan Lahan tahun 2010 hasil interpretasi Citra ALOS. Selanjutnya kedua peta tersebut dianalisis dengan metoda tabel silang (cross tabel untuk memperoleh data perubahan penggunaan lahan dari setiap kelas penggunaannya. Kedua data series penggunaan lahan ini digunakan sebagai input pada model prediksi debit aliran HEC-HMS. Selanjutnya dibangun juga skenario-skenario untuk melihat dampak perubahan lahan terhadap debit aliran di DAS Cisadane Hulu. Metode bilangan kurva (SCS-CN dipilih untuk menghitung besar curah hujan efektif, yaitu dari pengurangan curah hujan bruto dengan berbagai bentuk kehilangan air (loss. Transformasi dari curah hujan efektif menjadi hidrograf aliran langsung (direct runoff diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode hidrograf satuan SCS Curve Number. Selama kurun waktu 2003 – 2010 terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Cisadane Hulu. Luas Hutan bertambah 223,78 ha, pemukiman 214,78 ha, rumput/tanah kosong 85, 73 ha, dan gedung 12, 64 ha. Terjadi penguarangan luas semak belukar 225,64 ha, tegalan/ladang 145,92 ha, sawah irigasi 124

PEMANFAATAN METODE AERASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH BERMINYAK

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Made Arsawan

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Oily waste can pollute environment. One of the method used to process the oily waste is aerationmethod. This researce is carried out by taking oily waste PT. Indonesia Power Business Unit Electric PowerStation Bali at Pasanggaran Denpasar, aimed at increase quality of the waste.The sampel used is waste of PT. Indonesia Power Electric Power Station Business Unit of Bali. Thesampel is intercepted and retained in a retaining box, and 11,12 litters are then taken to be put intotreatment tank. Aeration treatment duration given varies, such as 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hoursfor the sampel with air flow speed of 0,6m/s. The treatment is also done with adding sampel with mud of 1%of the whole sampel volume. The relation between Aerating duration with oil contents, oil layer, BOD value,COD value, TDS value and TSS value will be analyzed with simple correlation and descriptive analysis.Aeration treatment can reduce the contents of oil in waste and separate oil accumulated in the waterso that the oil can be depressed up. Aeration treatment can also lower BOD value, COD value, TDS valueand TSS value because giving oxygen in to waste will meet the needs of oxygen of disentanglingmicroorganism in the waste water and the needs of oxygen for oxidation of chemicals in the waste.Therefore, aeration treatment can increase quality of the waste.

PERFORMANSI INSTALASI PENGOLAH AIR LIMBAH TAMBAK SUPERINTENSIF

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Rachman Syah

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Pengolahan air buangan tambak superintensif (TSI adalah usaha untuk mengurangi beban bahan pencemar yang terkandung di dalam air buangan TSI sehingga aman dan tidak membahayakan saat dibuang ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi desain dan performansi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL dalam memperbaiki kualitas air buangan TSI sebelum dibuang ke badan air. IPAL terdiri atas kolam sedimentasi, dua kolam aerasi, dan satu kolam penampungan. Ke dalam kolam penampungan ditebari ikan mujair serta rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang dibudidayakan dengan metode long line, berfungsi sebagai biokontrol. Sampel air diambil di bagian inlet IPAL, oulet kolam sedimentasi atau inlet kolam aerasi-1, outlet kolam aerasi-1 atau inlet kolam aerasi-2, outlet kolam aerasi-2 atau inlet kolam penampungan, serta outlet kolam penampungan, setiap dua minggu selama 105 hari pemeliharaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah total padatan tersuspensi (TSS, total amonia nitrogen (TAN, nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, bahan organik terlarut (BOT, dan biological oxygen demand (BOD-5. Spesifikasi teknis IPAL yang diamati meliputi ukuran dan volume IPAL, volume dan waktu tinggal air buangan tambak, dan efisiensi kinerja IPAL, serta rasio volume IPAL dan volume total air tambak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IPAL dapat mengurangi beban bahan pencemar dengan tingkat efisiensi antara 53,1%-99,4%; namun masih diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas dalam mengurangi konsentrasi BOT. IPAL menghasilkan efisiensi yang tinggi terhadap TSS, TAN, nitrit, Total Nitrogen (TN, dan fosfat. Rasio volume IPAL dan volume air tambak 30:70 dengan waktu tinggal minimal lima hari, dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pembangunan IPAL tambak superintensif. A wastewater treatment plant (WTP in a super-intensive shrimp farm is used to reduce organic matters contained in super-intensive shrimp farm effluent. Through the WTP, the waste water from shrimp facilities can safely and harmlessly be released to the

ANALISIS WILAYAH KONSERVASI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS KURANJI DENGAN APLIKASI SWAT

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Fadli Irsyad

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Degradasi lahan merupakan penyebab utama tingginya runoff dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya. Perubahan tata guna lahan yang terjadi pada suatu kawasan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan kondisi catchment area dan dapat menyebabkan perubahan aliran permukaan (runoff.  Jika limpasan yang terjadi saat hujan kecil dan infiltrasi air ke dalam tanah besar, maka air terlebih dahulu disimpan di dalam tanah sehingga akan meningkatkan ketersediaan air tanah. DAS Kuanji merupakan salah satu DAS di Kota Padang yang memiliki luas 202,7 km2 dan terdiri dari 5 sub-DAS. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan DAS Kuranji yang secara geografis terletak pada 100o20’31,20” – 100o33’50.40” BT dan 00o55’59.88” - 00o47’24” LS. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Juni 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan aplikasi open sources software MapWindows GIS 4.8 RC1 (4.8.1 dari www.mapwindow.org.  Tahapan awal dalam penelitian ini yakni pengumpuan data, analisis SWAT di DAS Kuranji, dan penentuan wilayah konservasi DAS Kuranji. Hasil peneltian yang menggunakan MWSWAT untuk DAS Kuranji didapatkan HRU DAS sebanyak 2.034 HRU. Limpasan terbesar yang terjadi yakni 84 mm dengan luasan 75,195 ha, dan tersebar di empat kecamatan (Pauh, Padang Utara, Nanggalo, dan Kototengah. Wilayah konservasi yang direkomendasikan yakni  Limau Manih (81,56 ha, Lambung Bukit (42,27 ha, Gunung Sarik (86,32 ha, Kuranji (60,20 ha, dan Lubuk Minturun (64,45 ha. Kata kunci: Alih Fungsi Lahan,  DAS Kuranji, Konservasi, Limpasan, MWSWAT.

POROSITAS DAN PERMEABILITAS KOMPOSIT BERPORI DENGAN BAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KACA (CULT

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MI Savitri

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Komposit berpori dengan bahan dasar limbah kaca dan Polyethylen Glycol  (PEG telah dihasilkan dengan metode pencampuran sederhana. Pori pada komposit terbentuk akibat PEG yang menguap ketika dipanaskan pada temperature 700oC selama 2,5 jam. Variasi pori dihasilkan dengan mengatur komposisi PEG yaitu 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, dan 9%. Komposit berpori memiliki nilai porositas yang bertambah dengan kenaikan komposisi PEG. Komposit berpori memiliki porositas pada rentang 1% hingga 5% dan nilai permeabilitas komposit berpori yaitu (0.3-25x10-15 m2. Potensi komposit berpori sebagai filter air diujicobakan dengan mengalirkan limbah air sungai. Hasil pengujian diperoleh air dengan sifat fisis air bening dan tidak berbau, sehingga komposit berpori dari limbah kaca dapat menyaring air limbah.  {0>Komposit berpori dengan bahan dasar limbah kaca dan Polyethylen Glicol (PEG telah dihasilkan dengan metode pencampuran sederhana.<}0{>Porous composites from waste glass and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG have been synthesized by a simple mixing method.<0} {0>Pori pada komposit terbentuk akibat PEG yang menguap ketika dipanaskan pada temperature 700oC selama 2,5 jam.Variasi pori dihasilkan dengan mengatur komposisi PEG yaitu 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, dan 9%.Komposit berpori memiliki nilai porositas yang bertambah dengan kenaikan komposisi PEG.<}0{>The pores of the composite were formed due to the evaporation of PEG when heated at temperature of 700oC for 2.5 hours. The pore variation may be obtained by adjusting the PEG composition, i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9%. The porous composites have higher porosity because of the PEG composition.<0} {0>Komposit berpori memiliki porositas pada rentang 1% hingga 5% dan nilai permeabilitas komposit berpori yaitu (0.3-25x10-15m2.Potensi komposit berpori sebagai filter air diujicobakan dengan mengalirkan limbah air sungai.<}0{>Mesoporous composites have porosity ranging from 1% to 5% and the permeability has value

FITOREMEDIASI KADMIUM (CD PADA LEACHATE MENGGUNAKAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (STUDI KASUS TPA JATIBARANG

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K N Zamhar

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Leachate TPA Jatibarang yang tercemar kadmium (Cd kemungkinan dapat dibersihkan secara fitoremediasi menggunakan kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kangkung air sebagai fitoremediator dalam menyerap Cd dalam leachate TPA Jatibarang. Sebelum penelitian, dilakukan uji pendahuluan kandungan Cd dalam leachate maupun dalam kangkung air. Kangkung diaklimatisasi dalam air bersih selama 3 hari, selanjutnya ditimbang seberat 300 gram kemudian diletakkan ke dalam ember berisi 10 L leachate. Sampel leachate dan organ tanaman diambil setiap 2 hari sekali (2 hari, 4 hari, 6 hari, dan 8 hari. Faktor intensitas cahaya diambil setiap hari pada pukul 08.00-09.00 WIB menggunakan lux meter, sedangkan nilai pH dan suhu leachate diukur menggunakan kertas indikator pH dan termometer sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Perameter yang diamati adalah akumulasi Cd dalam akar, batang, dan daun kangkung air pada masing-masing lama waktu pananaman. Akumulasi Cd diukur dengan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Data penyerapan Cd dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu kangkung air ditanam dalam leachate berpengaruh terhadap akumulasi Cd pada tanaman. Penyerapan Cd oleh kangkung air mencapai jenuh pada hari ke-8 dengan total penyerapan 0,052 ppm. Akumulasi Cd paling besar pada akar kangkung yaitu 0,023 ppm.Cadmium (Cd that contained in TPA Jatibarang’s leachate can be cleaned by phytoremediation using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.. This research aimed to determine the ability of the water spinach as a fitoremediator in adsorb cadmium (Cd that contained in TPA Jatibarang’s leachate. The research was conducted by using a randomized completely design (RCD factorial, with longer treatment planted time in leachate water spinach was 0 day, 2 days, 4 days, 6 days, and 8 days respectively. The observed parameters of Cd accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves of water spinach in

Pola konsumsi air, susu dan produk susu, serta minuman manis sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul

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Yayah Lakoro

2016-03-01

consumption of water, whereby higher comsumption of sweet drink meant lower consumption of water. Nutrition education embedded in the curriculum could be used as an alternative of obesity prevention in children by changing or building healthy lifestyle. KEYWORDS: risk factors, obese children, consumption of water, consumption of sweet drinkABSTRAKLatar belakang: Minuman manis diduga kuat sebagai penyebab terjadinya obesitas pada anak. Susu dan produk susu yang tidak sehat yang mengandung lemak dan gula tinggi dapat menjadi salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas, sedangkan air putih merupakan minuman sehat tanpa kalori yang dapat membantu manajemen berat badan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi minuman pada anak obesitas.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah anak SD yang mengalami obesitas, kontrol  adalah anak SD yang dengan berat badan normal. Lokasi penelitian di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode probability proportional to size (PPS. Jumlah sampel adalah 488 sampel terdiri dari 244 kasus dan 244 kontrol. Pada subyek penelitian dilakukan matching asal sekolah dengan ketentuan siswa kasus dan kontrol berasal dari kelas yang sama. Uji statistic McNemar dan regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mengidentifi kasi variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan karakteristik jenis kelamin antara kedua kelompok (p=0,03. Rata-rata jumlah konsumsi air putih dan minuman manis pada anak obes berbeda secara signifi kan  dibandingkan dengan anak tidak obes, berturut-turut adalah 243,8 mL/hari (±2½ gelas/hari dan 397,3 mL/hari (± 2 gelas/hari, sedangkan rata-rata jumlah konsumsi susu dan produk susu tidak sehat pada anak obes dan tidak obes, tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Uji Mc Nemar menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi air putih dan minuman manis berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul  dengan nilai OR 2,1 (95% CI:1,4–3,05 dan OR 3,1 (95% CI: 2,1�

PROSFEKTIF METODE SAMPEL DARAH KERING DALAM BIOANALISIS

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Supandi Supandi

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Biosampling of dried blood spot method became lately very interested in bioanalysis, some of the advantages given in this method compared to conventional venous canulla (venipuncture; less invasive making it more pleasant for the patient or subject, requires small volume, requires simple transportation process and storage did not need special equipment, suod stabilizes analit and reduces risk of infection. The method of dried blood spot is done by invasive light on the finger or heel prick and then spike on filter paper and dried at room temperature or under nitrogen flow with controlled humidity and stored in bag with desiccant packages, than it analyzed using validation bioanalyzing method. Dried blood spot method can be applied on bioanalysis test for pharmacokinetic, toksikokinetic , epidemiologic and Teurapeutic drug monitoring.

Persistent organic pollutants in the Muda area

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Zuriati Zakaria; Md Pauzi Abdullah; Laily Din

2002-01-01

A screening for the presence of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) in Malaysia was undertaken by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia as part of the Department of Environment's assessment process to study the extent of bioaccumulation or the transboundary effect of POPs in the country. Water, sediment and fish samples were tested for the presence of nine compounds which were aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, DDT, hexachlordane, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene and heptachlor. The Muda area was one of the areas investigated where samplings were conducted at Sungai Tajar, Sungai Tala and Sungai Fadang. Analyses of the samples showed that residues of DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and BHC were present in the sediment.The water samples also showed the presence of aldrin and dieldrin. (Author)

PENGARUH UMUR TUMBUHAN AREN TERHADAP PRODUKSI NIRA DI DESA MURUNG A KECAMATAN BATU BENAWA KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI TENGAH KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Fatriani Fatriani

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This study aims to determine the effect of age on the sap of palm plants produced from A Murung Village, Sub Batu Benawa Hulu Sungai Tengah District, South Kalimantan. Based on simple linear regression analysis it can be seen the following equation: Y = 12.6612 - 0.2625999 * age plant. Sap production varies inversely with the mean age of palm plants with increasing age, the more little palm plant sap produced. F hit (15.24> F tab (9:07 means that age has a significant influence on the production of palm juice either at the level of confidence of 5% or 1% of the above regression equation can be estimated (predicted by age palm juice production plant . The results of the calculation of the correlation coefficient (r indicates the closeness of the relationship between age with the production of palm juice, this is indicated by r values of -0.734597 (close to -1, mean age of palm plants have a very close correlation with the production of palm juice, while based on the coefficient of determination (R2 known value is 53.9632%, means the production of palm juice is influenced by the age factor while the remaining 53.96% influenced by other factors. Age factor has a strong relationship with the production of palm wine (the correlation coefficient of -0.734597. Age factor is inversely proportional to the roduction of palm juice, palm sugar The older age of the plants produced less sap, Age 11 years generating plants aren aren at most ( 10.68 liters while the lowest is 30 years old (2.34 liters, Need palm cultivation in the area within the framework of sustainability brown sugar.Technic tapping sugar production in order to maximize the production of palm juice should really be considered, Ways to maximize production Nira through efforts to extend the period of tapping palm bunches of flowers should also be noted. Keywords :Age plants, production, Nira

Assessment of Water Salinity Model Using Hydrodynamic Numerical Modelling in Estuary of Selangor River, Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohd Ekhwan Toriman; Mohd Ekhwan Toriman; Norbaya Hashim; Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin; Abdul Jalil Hassan; Ayaari Muhamad; Nor Azlina Abd Aziz

2015-01-01

Issues such as water pollution and extraction of water from Sungai Selangor system has been said to be the cause of fading fireflies. Salinity intrusion into estuary of the Sungai Selangor has been carried out on a hydrodynamic numerical modeling to access the parameter that governed the amount of salt in the river. The berembang trees on the river bank that become the fireflies habitat need some amount of salt for proper growth. Living at the lower reaches of Sungai Selangor, the fireflies are affected not only by the activities in their vicinity, but by activities in the entire river basin. Rapid economic development in the basin and the strong demand for the water resources puts pressure on the ecosystem. This research has been carried out to investigate the effect of water extraction along Sungai Selangor towards altering the amount of salt content in the river. The hydrodynamic modeling with regards to the salt content is expected to support long term assessment that may affect the berembang trees as a result of changes in the flow from upstream because of the water abstraction activity for domestic water supply. (author)

BIOAKUMULASI KADMIUM PADA IKAN BANDENG DI TAMBAK DUKUH TAPAK SEMARANG

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NKT Martuti

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Dukuh Tapak merupakan muara dari Sungai Tapak yang sebagian besar wilayahnya berupa pertambakan ikan bandeng. Berkembangnya industri di daerah aliran sungai (DAS Tapak, mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas perairan Tapak akibat adanya pencemaran limbah yang mengandung logam berat. Penurunan kualitas perairan tersebut akan mempengaruhi kualitas ikan bandeng yang dipelihara pada tambak-tambak di Dukuh Tapak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan Cd dalam air dan ikan bandeng di tambak Dukuh Tapak Semarang. Penelitian bersifat observasional analitik menggunakan analisis komparatif. Analisis kadar Cd menggunakan AAS. Kandungan Cd pada air Sungai Tapak 0,004mg/l, nilai tersebut masih berada di bawah ambang batas yang ditetapkan PPRI No.82 Tahun 2001 yaitu sebesar 0,01mg/l. Rerata kandungan Cd pada air tambak Tapak 0,0045mg/l, melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan KepMen LH No.51 Tahun 2004 yaitu sebesar 0,001mg/l. Rerata kandungan Cd pada daging ikan bandeng di ketiga stasiun adalah 0,01mg/l, masih berada di bawah ambang batas yang ditetapkan SNI 7287:2009 yakni sebesar 0,1 mg/kg. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan Cd pada air tambak Tapak melebihi ambang batas yang sudah ditentukan, namun kandungan Cd pada ikan bandeng masih berada di bawah ambang batas. Meskipun demikian, perlu diwaspadai keberadaan logam berat Cd karena logam berat bersifat toksik dan akumulatif.District Tapak is an estuary of Tapak river which most of the area is formed of milk fish aqua farming region. Tapak watershed industry growth has affected in Tapak water degradation quality. Due to waste contamination containing heavy metals. It affects the quality of breeding milk fish. This research aims to discover Cadmium (Cd content both in watershed and milk fish in district Tapak, Semarang. This observational analytic research using comparative analysis, purposive random sampling method. Data analysis method using AAS. Cadmium (Cd content in Tapak

ESTIMASI KELIMPAHAN IKAN GABUS (Channa striata Bloch, 1793 DENGAN METODE HIDROAKUSTIK DI SUNGAI LEMPUING, SUMATERA SELATAN

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Zulkarnaen Fahmi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Kegiatan pengkajian stok sumberdaya ikan yang dilakukan secara berkala bertujuan untuk optimasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan bagi kegiatan perikanan tangkap. Kegiatan pengkajian stok ikandengan survey akustik di perairan Lubuk Lampam telah dilakukan pada tahun 2011 sebanyak 2 (dua kali dengan interval waktu 3 (tiga bulan untuk melihat perubahan kelimpahan ikan gabus (Channa striatadi perairan tersebut. Ekstraksi data akustik meliputi data sebaran kelimpahan dan distribusi ukuran ikan dilakukan untuk melihat keragaman (variance nilai yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estimasi rata-rata kelimpahan ikan pada bulan Maret sebesar 7.53 ± 1.33 ekor/m2  lebih rendah dibandingkan pada bulan Mei sebesar 53.11 ± 9.43  ekor/m2  . Biomass ikan pada bulan Maret sebesar 75.59 ± 30.22 kg/ha lebih rendah dibandingkan pada bulan Mei sebesar 521 ± 65.01 kg/ha. Nilai rataan target strength ikan tunggal yang terdeteksi pada bulan Maret sebesar -54.81 ± 0.9 dB lebih rendah dibandingkan pada bulan Mei sebesar -50.03 ± 0.35 dB. Estimasi kelimpahan dan distribusi ikan di sungai Lempuing menunjukkan nilai keragaman (variance yang lebih rendah pada bulan Maret dibandingkan dengan bulan Mei 2011 untuk parameter kelimpahan dan biomass ikan, sedangkan untuk nilai rataan target strength ikan menunjukkan sebaliknya. Fish assessment using hydroacoustic in inland water was conducted to optimize fish exploitation activity. Successive hydroacoustic survey was conducted twice with interval three months in 2011 to estimated distribution fish abundance and size distribution of snakehead fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793 in Lempuing River, South Sumatera. Reability test was conducted on hydroacoustic data including data distribution and abundance of fish size distribution to obtain edvariance value. The results showed that the average estimate abundance of fish on March about 7.53 ± 1.33 fish/m2 lower than in the month of May at 53.11 ± 9.43 fish/m2

Morfological Variation of Endemic Fish Rainbow Celebensis (Telmatherina celebensis Boulenger in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi

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S.H. Nasution

2007-08-01

morfologi ikan rainbow Selebensis berdasarkan karakter morfometrik baku pada beberapa stasiun. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Danau Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan dari bulan Maret 2002 hingga April 2003 pada empat stasiun, yaitu I: Tanjung Bakara, II: inlet Danau Towuti yang berasal dari Sungai Tominanga, III: Pulau Loeha, dan IV: outlet Danau Towuti yang mengalir ke Sungai Hola-hola. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan menggunakan jaring insang eksperimen (experimental gillnet terdiri dari empat ukuran mata jaring yaitu 3A , 1, VA . dan VA inci. Pengukuran karakter morfometrik ikan menggunakan metode baku yang mengacu pada Kottelat et al. (1993 yang dimodifikasi yang meliputi 14 karakter. Berdasarkan hasil analisis univariat dan multivariat terhadap karakter morfometrik baku di setiap stasiun, dapat dikatakan bahwa ikan jantan dan betina pada stasiun I, II, III, dan IV cenderung sama atau berasal dari satu kelompok populasi ikan. Karakter yang paling berpengaruh pada ikan jantan dicirikan oleh tinggi badan dan panjang dari mulut ke sirip punggung pertama, sedangkan pada ikan betina dicirikan oleh karakter panjang forskal, panjang total, dan panjang dasar sirip punggung kedua. Kata kunci: Variasi morfologis. Telmatherina celebensis, Danau Towuti

Aplikasi Microwave untuk Disinfestasi Tribolium castaneum (Herbst. serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Warna dan Karakteristik Amilografi Terigu

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Nur Pratiwi Rasyid

2017-09-01

sampel tepung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas pada sampel yang tidak diberi aplikasi microwave setelah penyimpanan 42 hari adalah 0 % baik untuk sampel 50 g dan 100 g. Kadar air meningkat, sedangkan tingkat kecerahan warna, puncak viskositas menurun. Sampel yang diberi perlakuan energi microwave 23,76 kJ, 24,00 kJ, 31,68 kJ dan 36,00 kJ menunjukkan mortalitas 100 % dari T. castaneum, sedangkan kecerahan warna, puncak viskositas, kadar air, menurun setelah penyimpanan 42 hari baik pada berat sampel 50 g dan 100 g.

Analisis Rantai Nilai (Value Chain) pada Komoditas Lada di Desa Trigadu Kecamatan Galing Kabupaten Sambas

OpenAIRE

-, Mardian; Kusrini, Novira; -, Maswadi

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktor rantai nilai komoditas lada, keuntungan petani, marjin pemasaran lada, dan mengkaji potensi dan hambatan rantai nilai komoditas lada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik snowball sampling untuk mengambil lembaga pemasaran dan informan kunci, sedangkan sampel petani dilakukan dengan sampel acak sederhana. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 54 responden yang terdiri dari 4 peny...

Deteksi Antibodi terhadap Cysticercus Cellulosae pada Babi Lokal yang Dipotong di Tempat Pemotongan Babi Panjer, Denpasar

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Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Sistiserkosis merupakan penyakit yang bersifat zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh larva cacing pita Taenia solium yang disebut Cysticercus cellulosae. Di Indonesia terdapat tiga provinsi yang berstatus endemik penyakit sistiserkosis, salah satunya adalah provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi antibodi terhadap C. cellulosae pada babi lokal yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan babi Panjer, Denpasar. Sampel penelitian adalah 270 sampel serum babi lokal yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan babi Panjer, Denpasar Selatan. Babi lokal ini berasal dari Nusa Penida, Karangasem dan Negara. Sampel serum diuji dengan metode ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay indirect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antibodi C. cellulosae terdeteksi pada 33 sampel. Disimpulkan bahwa terdeteksi antibodi C. cellulosae pada 33 sampel dari 270 sampel serum babi lokal yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan babi Panjer, Denpasar.

Sociodemographic profile and predictors of outpatient clinic attendance among HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Selangor, Malaysia

OpenAIRE

Abdulrahman, Surajudeen Abiola; Rampal, Lekhraj; Othman, Norlijah; Ibrahim, Faisal; Hayati, Kadir Shahar; Radhakrishnan, Anuradha P

2017-01-01

Surajudeen Abiola Abdulrahman,1,2 Lekhraj Rampal,1 Norlijah Othman,3 Faisal Ibrahim,1 Kadir Shahar Hayati,1 Anuradha P Radhakrishnan4 1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 2Department of Public Health Medicine, Penang Medical College, George Town, Penang, 3Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 4Infectious Disease Clinic, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Bulo...

STRATEGI ADAPTASI NELAYAN LANJUT USIA DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETAHANAN SOSIAL. STUDI KASUS DI NAGARI AIR BANGIS, KECAMATAN SUNGAI BEREMAS, KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT

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Ermayanti .

2014-09-01

social security is to improve safety in these villages with mutual respect, tolerance and collaboration, because the villagers' Air Bangis already feel safe. In Nagari Air Bangis rarely finds conflicts between fishermen here, even if there was only a small problem, which can be directly solved maslaah. Usually the elderly fisherman to keep track of security among citizens just always maintain good relations between people, mutual help for anyone who needs and mutually saluted each other. Not distinguish economic status or the status of their fishermen. The main problem in this village is still the economic problems of society, because there are many people here who are in the poverty level.

RAMBUT SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PENCEMARAN TIMBAL PADA PENDUDUK DI KECAMATAN SEMARANG UTARA

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Aditya Marianti

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Timbal (Pb bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Pb dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati dan rambut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi apakah telah terjadi pencemaran timbal pada penduduk di kecamatan Semarang Utara dengan menggunakan rambut sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian deskriptif eksploratif ini menggunakan populasi seluruh penduduk di kecamatan Semarang Utara. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu penduduk laki-laki berumur antara 17 sampai dengan 50 tahun yang tinggal di kelurahan Tanjung Mas dan Bandarharjo Semarang Utara, minimal selama 5 tahun terakhir terus menerus. Kadar timbal pada tubuh dideteksi dari kadar timbal yang terakumulasi pada rambut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kandungan timbal pada rambut 56 sampel.  Kadar timbal  tertinggi sebesar 17,028 ppm dan rata-rata 8,304 ppm. Penyebabnya diduga bukan berasal dari emisis kendaraan bermotor di jalan raya mengingat profesi sampel sebagian besar adalah nelayan, tetapi kemungkinan berasal dari air minum yang mereka konsumsi. Sampel air minum yang dikonsumsi terdeteksi mengandung timbal rata-rata 6 ppm. Simpulan dari penelitian ini telah terjadi pencemaran timbal pada sebagian penduduk  Semarang Utara dengan tingkat ringan sampai sedang. Pencemaran diduga berasal dari air minum yang dikonsumsi. Lead (Pb are toxic, carcinogenic, bioaccumulator and biomagnification. Pb bioaccumulation may occur in the nail, liver and hair. The research aimed to detect whether lead pollution has affected the people in North Semarang, using hair as bioindicator. The population of this explorative descriptive research was all residents of Sub-District of North Semarang. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique, i.e. male residents of Tanjung Mas and Bandarharjo aged between 17 and 50 years, who have stayed in the sites for at least 5 years without interruption. The lead level in their body was detected from their hair strand

Rambut Sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Timbal Pada Penduduk di Kecamatan Semarang Utara

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Aditya Marianti

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Timbal (Pb bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Pb dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati dan rambut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi apakah telah terjadi pencemaran timbal pada penduduk di kecamatan Semarang Utara dengan menggunakan rambut sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian deskriptif eksploratif ini menggunakan populasi seluruh penduduk di kecamatan Semarang Utara. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu penduduk laki-laki berumur antara 17 sampai dengan 50 tahun yang tinggal di kelurahan Tanjung Mas dan Bandarharjo Semarang Utara, minimal selama 5 tahun terakhir terus menerus. Kadar timbal pada tubuh dideteksi dari kadar timbal yang terakumulasi pada rambut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kandungan timbal pada rambut 56 sampel. Kadar timbal tertinggi sebesar 17,028 ppm dan rata-rata 8,304 ppm. Penyebabnya diduga bukan berasal dari emisis kendaraan bermotor di jalan raya mengingat profesi sampel sebagian besar adalah nelayan, tetapi kemungkinan berasal dari air minum yang mereka konsumsi. Sampel air minum yang dikonsumsi terdeteksi mengandung timbal rata-rata 6 ppm. Simpulan dari penelitian ini telah terjadi pencemaran timbal pada sebagian penduduk Semarang Utara dengan tingkat ringan sampai sedang. Pencemaran diduga berasal dari air minum yang dikonsumsi.Lead (Pb are toxic, carcinogenic, bioaccumulator and biomagnification. Pb bioaccumulation may occur in the nail, liver and hair. The research aimed to detect whether lead pollution has affected the people in North Semarang, using hair as bioindicator. The population of this explorative descriptive research was all residents of Sub-District of North Semarang. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique, i.e. male residents of Tanjung Mas and Bandarharjo aged between 17 and 50 years, who have stayed in the sites for at least 5 years without interruption. The lead level in their body was detected from their hair strand using AAS

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI BAHAN STABILISATOR PEG 1000 DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP KESTABILAN DIMENSI KAYU KECAPI (Sandoricum koetjape Merr

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Lusyiani Lusyiani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Kayu bersifat higroskopis dan anisotropis, karena itulah untuk meningkatkan kualitas kayu diperlukan suatu perlakuan stabilisasi dimensi.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh konsentrasi Polyethylene Glycol 1000 dan waktu perendaman terhadap stabilisasi dimensi kayu yakni nilai penyusutannya.  Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Polyethylene glycol 1000, kayu Kecapi dan air suling sebagai pelarutnya.  Proses stabilisasi dimensi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode proses difusi bulking yang mengganti bahan penstabilnya dengan air.  Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 120 buah sampel.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Polyethylene Glycol 1000 pada tingkat konsentrasi 30% dan lama perendaman 5 hari memiliki nilai stabilisasi dimensi terbaik untuk semua parameter yang diuji.  Tingkat konsentrasi tertinggi untuk Polyethylene Glycol 1000 dan lama perendaman yang terlama, nilai penyusutannya paling kecil dan juga dapat meningkatkan nilai stabilisasi dimensi. Wood is hygroscopic and anisotropic, hence it is needed to improve the quality of wood by dimension stabilization treatment. The aim of study is to examine the effect of Polyethylene Glycol  1000 concentration and soaking time on the shrinkage rate stabilization dimensions. Polyethylene glycol 1000 and Kecapi wood were used in the research and distilled water as a solvent.  Stabilization was carried out by bulking method that replaced stabilizer material with water by diffusion process.  A member of 120 pieces samples were used in the study. The research results showed that Polyethylene Glycol  1000 at 30% concentration level and 5 days of soaking time have the best value of stabilization for all tested parameters.  The hingher level concentration of Polyethylene Glycol 1000 and the longer immersion time, smaller shrinkage and increasing the value of stabilization dimensions, as well.

KERENTANAN PENYUSUPAN AIR LAUT DI PESISIR UTARA PULAU TERNATE (Vulnerability of Sea Water Intrusion in Northern Coastal of Ternate Island

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Rahim Achmad

2016-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah pesisir bagian utara Pulau Ternate, dengan tujuan mengetahui kedalaman batas kontak airtanah dengan air laut dan menganalisis akuifer serta cara pengambilan airtanah sehingga tidak terjadi penyusupan air laut ke dalam tubuh airtanah. Sampel air sumur diukur untuk mengetahui kadar salinitas dan daya hantar listrik (DHL. Kedalaman batas kontak airtanah dengan air laut dukur dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik. Hasil pengukuran DHL dan salinitas airtanah di wilayah pesisir utara menunjukkan, terdapat penyusupan air laut di Desa Tobolo dan Sulamadaha, dengan rentang nilai masing-masing antara 0,5-3,3 mS/cm dan 0,2-1,7 ppt. Hasil pengukuran geolistrik menunjukkan batas kontak airtanah dengan air laut rata-rata antara 12-15 m dari permukaan. Nilai resistivitas air laut berkisar antara 0,01-20 Ωm. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan peringatan untuk tidak melakukan pengeboran sumur di wilayah pesisir. Sebagai contoh kasus, pengeboran sumur hingga 80 m dengan jarak sekitar 250 m dari garis pantai di Desa Takome, di mana batas kontak airtanah dengan air laut pada kedalaman 15 m. Pengukuran nilai DHL dan salinatas air dari sumur ini menunjukkan masing-masing 6,1 mS/cm dan 3,3 ppt. Nilai ini menunjukkan kedalaman sumur bor telah melewati zona pencampuran antara airtanah dengan air laut (interface.   ABSTRACT This research was conducted in the coastal areas of northern part of Ternate island, in order to know the depth of interface and to analyze the aquifers and to avoid seawater intrusion caused of groundwater extraction. Well water samples were measured to determine levels of salinity and DHL. The depth of interface was measured using geoelectric method. The results of electrical conductivity (EC and salinity of groundwater measurement in the northern coastal area showed that, there is infiltration of sea water in Tobolo and Sulamadaha. The EC and salinity values ranging between 0.5-3.3 mS/cm and 0.2-1.7 ppt

ANALISIS SEKUEN GEN GLUTATION PEROKSIDASE (GPX1 SEBAGAI DETEKSI STRES OKSIDATIF AKIBAT INFEKSI MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

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Ari Yuniastuti

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Glutation merupakan antioksidan yang berperan dalam fungsi imun, dan diekspresikan secara genetik oleh urutan gen yang membentuk protein enzim Glutation Peroxidase (GPx1. Bila ekspresi gen berubah maka terjadi perubahan fungsi glutation dan kerentanan terhadap stress oksidatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Kasus-kontrol. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel darah. Kelompok kasus adalah sampel darah pasien tuberkulosis paru sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah sampel darah orang sehat. Pemeriksaan gen Glutation peroxidase (GPx1 menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR untuk melihat pita DNA pada pasien tuberkulosis par serta elektroforesis produk PCR-RFLP gen GPx1 kelompok sampel tuberkulosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara polimorfisme gen GPx1 (p=0,365 pasein tuberkulois dengan individu sehat, sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai alat deteksi kerentanan terhadap stress oksidatif pada pasien tuberkulosis. Perlu penelitian lanjutan yang menggunakan sampel lebih besar dan populasi etnik yang berbeda.

HUTAN DAN PERILAKU ALIRAN AIR: KLARIFIKASI KEBERADAAN HUTAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BANJIR DAN KEKURANGAN AIR (Forest and Stream Flow Behaviour: Clarification on Forest Relation With Flood and Drought Issues

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Chay Asdak

2002-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Banjir bandang di wilayah hilir Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS seringkali dihubungkan dengan penebangan hutan di wilayah hulu DAS. Hal ini terkait dengan dua hal: (1 perhatian masyarakat terhadap tingginya laju degradasi sumberdaya hutan di banyak tempat di Indonesia, dan (2 adanya kesenjangan pemahaman tentang keterkaitan antara vegetasi, air, dan tanah. kedua hal ini mendorong terbentuknya pemahaman bersama (masyarakat luas termasuk akademisi yang cenderung bersifat simplistik bahwa banjir bandang tersebut terjadi karena mengingkatnya penebangan hutan. Apakah pemahaman tersebut di atas didukung oleh bukti-bukti ilmiah? Atau karena didorong oleh emosi bahwa kerusakan hutan makin meningkat. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menunjukkan hasil penelitian bahwa, pada banyak kasus, banjir bandang lebih disebabkan oleh tingginya intensitas curah hujan.   ABSTRACT Big floods found in downstream areas that occurred in the wettest months of rainy season are often said to be associated with forest cutting in the upper parts of a watershed. This is partly caused by an increasing strong concerned from many people on high rate of forest destruction in many parts of Indonesia. Partly by false perception on forest-water-soil interaction. In the mean time, there is a common perception among the people including some scientific communities that large floods with severe economic impact are closely linked with the increasing forest cutting. Does this allegation have scientific justification? Or is it just a public emotion driven by the fact that many forest stands are becoming degraded overtime. This article is trying to bring up some scientific findings that, in many cases, big floods were often associated with extreme rainfall. Some illustrations used in this article are mainly from research findings in the temperate climates, with small protions from tropical regions.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Hijau (Perna Viridis Menjadi Kitin Sebagai Biokoagulan Air Sungai

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Syamsidar HS

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This study aims to determine the optimum weight of chitin that used as biocoagulant of river water. The water sample is taken from Kajenjeng river and the chitin used for research are isolated from green mussels (Perna viridis shell powder through three steps such as deproteination by NaOH 3%, demineralization by HCl 1,25 N and depigmentation by NaOCl 4%. Then, the obtained chitin are contacted into water with variation of 0,25 gram; 0,5 gram; 0,75 gram and 1 gram in an hour. The result showed that optimum weight of chitin for COD determination, total hardness, calcium and turbidity is 0,75 gram, while optimum weight of chitin for magnesium determination is 0,5 gram.

ANALISIS KADAR LOGAM BERAT AIR SUNGAI SEKONYER DI KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT KALIMANTAN TENGAH.

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Maria T. Indarwati

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Sekonyer river as west border of Tanjung Puting National Park, is the main flora and fauna preservation areasespecially for orangutan conservation. Part of Sekonyer river upper course around year 1990 to 2002, there was anillegal gold mining (IGM activity, and in 2002 this IGM was forbidden to be operated because of the use of mercuryfor extracting the gold. In former IGM location, up to this research has been done, the location is still used for silikapuya (sand mining that is extracted from the sands by using water from the river, as a result, the waste water wasinundated in the mining area and flows into Sekonyer river. The objectives of this research are first of all, to identifythe heavy metal degree of the water, such as mercury, copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, arsenic, and chrome. The secondone is to identify the source of pollution, and the last one is to identify the potential heavy metal that pollute the water.Composite method was used in collecting the water samples, i.e. in Sekonyer river and the mining location.Water and puya samples were analyzed in Analytical Laboratory of University of Udayana, and then its pollutionindexes were counted, and the quality of the water was fixed based on Third Degree of quality standardized criteria,Government Rule Number 82 Year 2001.The results of the research show that along the Sekonyer river, from upper to lower courses of the river sideswith the following conditions: from the lower course of mining area it was found light pollution with pollution index of 2,51, after puya mine it was found heavy pollution with pollution index of 17,84, up to mid of Rimba Orangutan Eco-Lodge with Sekonyer river estuary there were found light pollution with pollution indexes of 3,71; 4,59; and 2,88respectively, but in the junction of Sekonyer river and Ulin river it was found moderate pollution with pollution indexof 5,13, and in Sekonyer river estuary it was found heavy pollution with pollution index of 16,35.It was also found heavy pollution with pollution index of 16,26 in the inundated water in the puya mininglocation . It was also happened to puya in the mining location that was contaminated by heavy metal of mercury in0,1168 ppm and zinc in 0,195 ppm degrees, whilst in Kumai river, upper side of Kumai quay it was found heavypollution with pollution index of 17,42.From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the heavy metals was derived from mining area(Aspai, from the sea and also from upper course of Kumai river. The potential metals as the pollutant were cadmium,zinc, lead, and mercury.

PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM SUMBER DAYA AIR SUNGAI YANG BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL: PELUANG DAN TANTANGANNYA

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Mr. Sulastriyono

2008-10-01

Full Text Available This article aims to discuss the opportunity and challenge in the development of river water resources law as a consequence of population growth, development, and technology advancement. Fast growth on water needs induces the growth of economic value of water, rather than its social values. This condition potentially causes of conflict interests among sectors, among regions and among various stakeholder related to water resources management. The management of river water resources can be perceived as an opportunity as well as a challenge. The quantity and the potential of water which is abundant in Indonesia to use water resources optimally. However, the development of river water resources law still faces some challenges, namely institutional obstacle, legal system and culture. Globalization in the free market economic order must be faced by Indonesia in its efforts to develop law on the management of river water resources. Privatization in the management of river water resources led to the increase of the role of private sector in pursuing economic benefits. It is feared that privatization will limit the community access to water resources and will make the price of water is more expensive. An integrated law development of river water resources based on local wisdom is an alternative guarantee the community access and the sustainability of the availability way to river water resources.

Deteksi Leptospira Patogen Pada Tersangka Penderita Leptospirosis Di Kabupaten Ponorogo

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Dyah Widiastuti

2017-02-01

Full Text Available AbstractUp to March 2012, there were increasing leptospirosis cases in Ponorogo. A total of 11 cases of leptospirosis were reported by the Ponorogo District Health Center. This study aims to detect pathogenic Leptospira bacteria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR in suspected leptospirosis in Ponorogo. Collection of blood samples carried out by the local health care medical personnel (doctor, midwife or nurse was accompanied by a team of researchers. Subjects were people with fever (temperature >380C or fever accompanied by headache, muscle aches, and rash conjunctivitis. Blood and urine samples were taken purposively. Active case detection was also conducted in communities around the previous patients who had a history of infection risk and relationship of leptospirosis. Further blood samples examined by two different methods, Lepto Tek Lateral Flow and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR. Ninety blood and urine samples was collected. Four samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira DNA consisted of two samples of blood (whole blood and two samples of urine. PCR-positive samples in the blood has negative results of Lepto Tek examination. While the PCR-positive samples in the urine, Lepto Tek was positive. Lepto tek showed lower sensitivity in early detection of leptospirosis. Examination of blood and urine samples using PCR can support the early discovery of leptospirosis cases.Keywords: Leptospirosis, Ponorogo, PCRAbstrakSampai dengan bulan Maret 2012 terjadi peningkatan kasus leptospirosis di Ponorogo. Sebanyak 11 kasus leptospirosis dilaporkan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ponorogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi bakteri Leptospira patogen menggunakan teknik Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR pada tersangka penderita leptospirosis di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Pengumpulan sampel darah dilakukan oleh tenaga medis Puskesmas setempat (dokter, bidan atau perawat didampingi oleh tim peneliti terhadap penduduk yang mengalami demam (suhu badan

AKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT Cr DAN Pb PADA TUMBUHAN MANGROVE AVICENNIA MARINA DI MUARA SUNGAI BABON PERBATASAN KOTA SEMARANG DAN KABUPATEN DEMAK JAWA TENGAH (Accumulation of Heavy Metals Cr and Pb in Mangrove Plant Avicennia marina On Babon River’s Estuari

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Vita Kartikasari

2002-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Ekosistem mangrove cenderung dapat mengakumulasi unsur-unsur logam berat yang berada dalam perairan sekitar tumbuhan mengrove. Kajian ini dilakukan di muara sungai Babon, Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kemampuan tumbuhan mangrove, Avicennia murina, dalam mengakumulasi unsur logam berat Cr dan Pb; mengetahui organ (akar, cabang, dan daun yang paling banyak mengakumulasi unsur logam berat dan mengetahui peran tumbuhan mangrove dalam mengurangi kandungan logam berat (Cr dan Pb yang ada di perairan muara sungai Babon. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap observasi pendahuluan ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem mangrove dan menentukan keberadaan unsur logam berat dalam organ tumbuhan mangrove. Setelah observasi pendahuluan dapat ditentukan lokasi sampling yang ada tumbuhan mangrove A. marina dan lokasi yang tidak ada tumbuhan tersebut. Penelitian utama ditujukan untuk memperoleh data primer konsentrasi Cr dan Pb dengan cara mencuplik dari organ tumbuhan (akar, cabang dan daun, sedimen dan air. Cuplikan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dikeringkan dengan Microwave Digestion MLS-1200 MEGA dan ditentukan kadar Cr dan Pbnya. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara statistik Uji Non Parametric Kruskal Wallis dan Uji Two Test Kolmogorov Smimov. Hasil penelitian menampakkian Cr terakumulasi lebih banyak daripada Pb di tumbuhan mlangrove. Kecepatan faktor biokonsentrasi untuk Cr adalah 1052.66 dan Pb adalah 349.54. Tempat konsentrasi tertinggi Cr dan Pb dalam organ tumbuhan berturut-turut: akar, cabang dan dedaunan. Daun menyerap unsur Pb lebih besar daripada cabang. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Cr dan Pb di sedimen yang perairannya ditumbuhi mangrove lebilr besar dari pada di sedimen yang perairannya tanpa ditumbuhi mangrove. Konsentrasi unsur logam berat dalam perairan yang ditumbuhi magrove.   ABSTRACT Mangrove have a tendency to accumulate

Kromium, Timbal, dan Merkuri dalam Air Sumur Masyarakat di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah

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Taufik Ashar

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA sampah domestik dengan sistem penampungan terbuka sangat berisiko mencemari air tanah milik warga yang bermukim di sekitarnya melalui proses perlindian. Untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat dalam air tanah di sekitar TPA, sebanyak 68 sampel air sumur gali (45 sumur Dusun I dan 23 sumur Dusun IV dari Desa Namobintang Kecamatan Pancurbatu Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, telah dianalisis dengan inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Hubungan jarak sumur dengan konsentrasi kromium, merkuri, dan timbal diuji dengan Mann-Whitney, Spearman’s Correlation dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi kromium, timbal, dan merkuri (rerata ± deviasi standar, mg/L masing-masing 0,036 ± 0,0096; 0,0003 ± 0,00018; dan 0,005 ± 0,0041 (Dusun I; 0,0370 ± 0,0115; 0,00026 ± 0,00013; dan 0,0070 ± 0,0069 (Dusun IV. Dari 68 sumur yang dianalisis, hanya ada 8 sumur yang konsentrasi timbalnya melebihi batas menurut Peraturan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/Per/IV/2010. Sementara itu, tidak ada korelasi jarak sumur gali ke TPA dengan konsentrasi kromium, merkuri, dan timbal dalam air sumur gali tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa perlindian sampah di Namobintang tidak mencemari air sumur-sumur gali yang berjarak 84 meter atau lebih dari TPA. Dumping site of domestic wastes has potential risk to contaminate groundwater of the surrounding population through leaching process. To determine heavy metals (chromium, lead, and mercury in groundwater at surrounding dumping site, a total of 68 dig well water samples (45 from Hamlet I and 23 from Hamlet IV of Namobintang Village, Pancurbatu Sub-District of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, were analyzed using Inductively Couple Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The relationship between the dig well distance and chromium, mercury, and lead content was tested by Mann-Whitney, Spearman’s Correlation and Simple Linier

FAUNA DAN TEMPAT PERKEMBANGBIAKAN POTENSIAL NYAMUK Anopheles spp DI KECAMATAN MAYONG, KABUPATEN JEPARA, JAWA TENGAH

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Mardiana Mardiana

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di beberapa daerah pedesaan di Jawa Tengah. Usaha pemberantasan malaria telah dilakukan oleh program baik secara kimiawi maupun hayati, guna memutuskan rantai penularan. Penelitian fauna dan tempat perindukan potensial nyamuk Anopheles telah dilakukan di Desa Buaran, Kecamatan Mayong I, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Penangkapan nyamuk dengan umpan orang dilakukan di dalam dan di luar rumah pada malam hari dari pukul 18.00-24.00 yang masing-masing dilakukan oleh dua orang kolektor. Penangkapan nyamuk yang istirahat di dalam dan luar rumah (vegetasi pada pagi hari dilakukan pukul 06.00-08.00, yang dilakukan satu bulan 4 kali penangkapan selama 6 bulan. Pengambilan larva dan pupa dilakukan dari pukul 06.00-08.00 pagi di tempat genangan air dan sawah serta tempat yang potensial diduga sebagai perindukan Anopheles. Hasil penangkapan selama 6 bulan, diperoleh 1248 ekor nyamuk Anopheles yang terdiri dari 6 spesies yaitu: An. aconitus 442 ekor (35,42%, An. annularis 69 ekor (5,53% , An. barbirostris 30 ekor (2,4%, An. maculatus 2 ekor (0,16%, An. tesselatus 5 ekor (0,40% dan An. vagus 700 ekor (56,09%. Populasi aconitus ditemukan dari penangkapan di luar rumah, pada bulan Juli (56,40%, Agustus (42,80% dan Oktober (39,50% sedangkan pada bulan Mei (52,9%, Juni (44% dan September (50,40% dari penangkapan di kandang sapi. Pengambilan larva dan pupa Anopheles dilakukan di tempat habitat seperti sawah yang pada bulan Aguslus terbanyak ditemukan sebesar 85 (1.70, di sungai ditemukan hanya 4 (0.08 serta di genangan air bekas telapak kaki/kobokan ditemukan sebesar 6 (0.12. Ternyata tempat perindukan yang potensial larva Anopheles pada musim kemarau, ditemukan pada sungai yang ditanami kangkung oleh masyarakat selempat. Kata kunci: Fauna, tempat perindukan, Anopheles, vector

Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

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Intan Sari Dewi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract. The distribution of microplastic was studied in the Muara Badak districts Kutai Kartanegara regency in May 2015. Sediment samples were taken from four stations that represent residential, in mangrove, near the beach and away from residential areas. Sediment samples were taken using the pipe at a depth of 0-10 cm - 10-20 cm, then the observed and calculated abundance of microplastic. The results showed that the type microplastic found is a fragment, film and fiber. At Station 1 found fragments about 100.2-201.3 particle/kg, the film about 69.6-79.9 particles/kg and fiber  about 43.1-50.9 particles/kg, the stations 2 found of fragments about 146.5-238.8 particle/kg, the film about 53.2-81.9 particles/kg and fiber about 48.8-75.5 particles/kg, stations 3 found of fragments about 204.2-207.9 particles/kg, the film about 107.7-126.5 particle/kg and fiber about 26.1-39.9 particles/kg, station 4 found of fragments about 167.6-220 particle/kg, the film about 59.7-69.5 particle/ kg and fiber about 47.5-55.3 particles/kg. Keywords: Depth; Microplastic; Muara Badak; Sediment   Abstrak. Distribusi mikroplastik diteliti di Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara pada bulan Mei 2015. Sampel sedimen diambil dari 4 stasiun yang mewakili pemukiman penduduk, dekat sungai, dekat pantai dan jauh dari pemukiman penduduk. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan pipa paralon pada kedalaman 0-10 cm – 10-20 cm, kemudian diamati dan dihitung kelimpahan mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fragmen, film dan fiber. Pada stasiun 1 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 100,2-201,3 partikel/kg, film berkisar 69,6-79,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 43,1-50,9 partikel/kg, stasiun 2 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 146,5-238,8 partikel/kg, film berkisar 53,2-81,9 partikel/kg dan fiber berkisar 48,8-75,2 partikel/kg, stasiun 3 ditemukan fragmen berkisar 204,2-207,9 partikel/kg, film berkisar 107,7-126,5 partikel/kg dan fiber

Komposisi Nutrisi Rumput Laut Calcareous Halimeda opuntia pada Lingkungan Perairan Indonesia

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Nurhayati Nurhayati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Halimeda opuntia merupakan rumput laut Chlorophyta berkapur yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi untuk pangan fungsional. Namun, pergeseran komposisi nutrisi dapat terjadi akibat perubahan lingkungan akibat limpasan nutrien dan bahan organik lainnya yang umum terjadi di perairan pesisir Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi pergeseran kandungan nutrisi H. opuntia yang tumbuh di zona intertidal agar dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan lokasi pengambilan bahan baku H. opuntia untuk produk fungsional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat lokasi perairan di Indonesia, yaitu perairan Binuangeun (Banten, Lampung Selatan, Lombok Timur (Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Konawe Selatan (Sulawesi Tenggara. Karakteristik nutrisi dari rumput laut target meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan serat kasar. Informasi lingkungan dari habitat sampel ditunjukkan melalui variabel kimia air yaitu DO, pH, salinitas, pCO2, kalsium aragonit, nitrogen anorganik terlarut, serta fosfat anorganik terlarut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kondisi lingkungan eutrofik berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap komposisi nutrisi H. opuntia. pH dan salinitas menjadi faktor determinan positif (R2 = 0,75 pada p<0,05 terhadap kadar karbohidrat, sementara nitrogen anorganik terlarut menjadi faktor determinan negatif terhadap kadar protein dan lemak (R2= 0,81 dan 0,61 pada p<0,05. Berdasarkan kandungan nutrisinya, maka H. opuntia yang diperoleh dari habitat alamiah merupakan bahan baku produk fungsional yang  lebih baik dibandingkan dengan biota selaras dari perairan eutrofik.

ANALISIS KADAR SIKLAMAT PADA ES KRIM DI KOTA BANJARBARU

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Nurlailah Nurlailah

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Pemanis merupakan salah satu komponen yang sering ditambahkan dalam bahan makanan. Pemanis buatan yang banyak beredar di masyarakat adalah siklamat. Konsumsi siklamat yang melebihi dosis akan mengakibatkan kanker kandung kemih. Selain itu akan menyebabkan tumor paru, hati, dan limfa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya siklamat dalam es krim yang melebihi ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah es krim produksi rumah tangga dari seluruh pedagang es krim di Banjarbaru utara yaitu dengan jumlah 11 pedagang es krim. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar siklamat yang terdapat dalam es krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 11 sampel es krim yang diperiksa, 9 sampel mengandung siklamat dengan kadar tertinggi 7,37 g/kg sebagai asam siklamat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah es krim yang mengandung siklamat ditemukan sebanyak 82% (9 sampel, sedangkan 18% (2 sampel lainnya negatif, dari 9 sampel yang positif mengandung siklamat, 89% tidak memenuhi syarat PERMENKES Nomor 208 tahun 1985 yaitu melebihi 2 gr/kg sebagai asam siklamat. Perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan yang lebih spesifik untuk analisis kadar siklamat dengan metode lain seperti Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT

PENCEMARAN KADMIUM DI SEDIMEN WADUK SAGULING PROVINSI JAWA BARAT (Cadmium Pollution in Saguling DAM Sediment West Java Province

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Eka Wardhani

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Sungai Citarum Hulu merupakan sumber air utama Waduk Saguling. Kualitas air sungai ini telah mengalami penurunan bahkan terpantau beberapa logam berat terkandung dalam air Sungai Citarum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pencemaran Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling pada dua musim yang berbeda. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di 10 titik di Waduk Saguling. Penelitian mengkaji perbedaan konsentrasi Cd pada Bulan Juli 2015 mewakili musim kemarau dan Bulan November 2015 mewakili musim hujan. Sedimen yang diperiksa merupakan sedimen permukaan pada kedalaman 0-10 cm pada dasar waduk. Konsentrasi Cd di sedimen dianalisis menggunakan ICP-MS. Tingkat pencemaran sedimen akibat Cd dinilai dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu: faktor contaminasi/contamination factor, CF dan indeks pencemaran logam/Metal Pollution Index, MPI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian konsentrasi Cd dalam air selama satu dekade mulai tahun 2008-2014 cenderung mengalami peningkatan, dengan konsentrasi berkisar antara 0 mg/L-0,14 mg/L. Konsentrasi rata-rata Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling pada Bulan Juli 2015 mewakili musim kemarau sebesar 13,54 mg/kg, sedangkan pada Bulan November 2015 mewakili musim hujan sebesar 21,08 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling tidak memenuhi baku mutu kualitas sedimen berdasarkan baku mutu yang berlaku di Australian dan New Zaeland mengingat Indonesia belum memiliki baku mutu kualitas sedimen yaitu sebesar 1,5 mg/kg. Hasil penilaian kualitas sedimen dengan menggunakan metode CF di semua titik penelitian di Waduk Saguling termasuk kategori terkontaminasi sangat tinggi sedangkan berdasarkan hasil penilaian dengan MPI kualitas sedimen Waduk Saguling termasuk kategori tercemar oleh logam berat Cd. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi pengelolaan Waduk Saguling mengenai kondisi pencemaran logam berat yang telah terjadi di waduk tersebut. ABSTRACT Citarum river is the main water source for Saguling Dam. The river waters quality

Monthly streamflow forecasting with auto-regressive integrated moving average

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Nasir, Najah; Samsudin, Ruhaidah; Shabri, Ani

2017-09-01

Forecasting of streamflow is one of the many ways that can contribute to better decision making for water resource management. The auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was selected in this research for monthly streamflow forecasting with enhancement made by pre-processing the data using singular spectrum analysis (SSA). This study also proposed an extension of the SSA technique to include a step where clustering was performed on the eigenvector pairs before reconstruction of the time series. The monthly streamflow data of Sungai Muda at Jeniang, Sungai Muda at Jambatan Syed Omar and Sungai Ketil at Kuala Pegang was gathered from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia. A ratio of 9:1 was used to divide the data into training and testing sets. The ARIMA, SSA-ARIMA and Clustered SSA-ARIMA models were all developed in R software. Results from the proposed model are then compared to a conventional auto-regressive integrated moving average model using the root-mean-square error and mean absolute error values. It was found that the proposed model can outperform the conventional model.

Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Bunga Kenanga Menggunakan Metode Hydro-Distillation dengan Pemanas Microwave

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Moch. Aris Setyawan

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses penyulingan minyak kenanga dengan menggunakan metode Hydro-distillation dengan pemanas microwave. Selain itu, juga untuk mempelajari beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh seperti kondisi operasi daya microwave, rasio massa bahan terhadap pelarut air, dan kondisi bunga segar atau layu. Metode pemisahan minyak atsiri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Hydrodistillation dengan pemanas microwave dalam keadaan atmosferik. Pertama-tama sampel bunga segar (S dan bunga layu (L yang telah dirajang dimasukkan ke dalam labu distiller bervolume 1000 mL sebanyak 100, 150, dan 200 gram untuk sampel bunga segar dan layu. Kemudian ditambahkan 300 mL aquades, sehingga rasio massa terhadap volume distiller yang digunakan berturut-turut adalah 0,4; 0,45; dan 0,5. Kondensor dialiri dengan air dan mulai dilakukan pemanasan menggunakan alat microwave pada daya 264, 400, dan 600 Watt. Proses pemisahan dilakukan selama 180 menit dengan pengamatan setiap 20 menit. Pada setiap pengamatan akan diperoleh minyak atsiri dan air distilat. Air distilat dimasukkan kembali ke dalam labu distiller dengan volume secukupnya untuk merendam bunga yang masih didalam labu. Sedangkan, minyak atsiri yang diperoleh ditampung dan diukur volume serta massanya, dan disimpan di dalam botol kecil. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh data % rendemen, dan sifat fisik minyak kenanga berupa specific gravity, indeks bias, bilangan asam dan kadar β-caryophyllene dalam minyak kenanga. Dan dari data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1 metode Microwave Hydro distillation dapat digunakan untuk mengambil minyak atsiri dalam bunga kenanga, (2 minyak kenanga yang dihasilkan melalui metode Microwave Hydrodistillation memiliki properti fisik (indeks bias, specific gravity, dan bilangan asam yang memenuhi SNI, (3 bunga kenanga segar memiliki % rendemen lebih besar daripada bunga layu, dan (4 untuk mendapatkan % rendemen yang maksimum, rasio yang

PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG BEKICOT (ACHATINA FULICA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM BERAT SENG (ZN

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Stevano Victor Marangratu

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak- Telah dilakukan pemanfaatan cangkang bekicot (Achatina fulica sebagai adsorben logam berat seng (Zn. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kitosan yang didapat dari cangkang bekicot, dan mengetahui kemampuan adsorben kitosan dalam uji adsorpsi yang menggunakan sampel air yang tercemar seng (Zn. Pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang bekicot dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu tahap pembuatan kitosan dengan variasi ukuran kitosan 250 micron dan 355 micron. Tahap pembuatan kitosan terdiri dari pembuatan serbuk cangkang bekicot, deproteinasi, demineralisasi, depigmentasi dan deasetilasi. Tahap ke dua yaitu uji penyerapan kitosan terhadap logam berat seng (Zn dengan variasi jumlah massa kitosan yang digunakan yaitu: 1 gram, 3 gram, 6 gram dan 9 gram. Sampel tersebut diuji dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat seng (Zn yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kitosan yang didapat dari cangkang bekicot untuk ukuran 250 micron yang sebesar 95,27%, dan untuk ukuran 355 micron yaitu sebesar 96,18%. Daya serap optimum kitosan didapat pada kitosan berukuran 250 micron dengan massa kitosan 9 gram.

Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Condong yang terkena Buangan Limbah Cair Industri Batik Trusmi Cirebon

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Pipin Supenah

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The aims of this study were to assess the water quality of the River Condong and Condong River Quality Statebased on physical, chemical and biological parameters. Sampling was carried out in seven stations with 3 repetitions at intervals of one month. Water quality were analyzed descriptively by reference raw Water Quality Standard.  Determination of the stateof water quality using methods Storet. Results of laboratory tests showed that the water quality of the River Condong exceed the Water Quality Standard Group II based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and in particular textile waste quality standard TSS, DO, BOD5, COD, NH3, sulfide, Cr (VI, phenols, oils and fats, Biological parameters using makrobentos diversity index (H ' obtained a low value that is from 0 to 1.7077.  Quality state based Storet method, the value of  > -31. It can be concluded that the condition of physical, chemical and biological parameters, Condong River water showed waters not appropriate the Quality Standard for agricultural irrigation, freshwater fish breeding and infrastructure or water recreation facilities before and after the discharge of liquid waste of batik. Condong River quality state before and after the liquid waste of batik is heavily polluted.

Hubungan Kualitas Air Sumur dengan Kejadian Diare di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS Bengawan Solo

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Saudin Yuniarno

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Background: Water has a role as media of many infectious diseases. One of disease whisch is often transmitted through water is diarrhea. The quality of water consumed by the community must be fillfull for health. So, It becomes the important thing in preventing the incidence of diarrhea.  The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between the quality of well water and the incidence of diarrhea on the community living along the riverside area of Bengawan Solo. Method: This was an observational research using cross sectional design. The subjects of this research were 66 persons staying for each upstream and downstream of Bengawan Solo.The quality of well water was assessed based on the parameters for temperature, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, total dissolved solid (TDS, and E. coli.  The occurrence of diarrhea was determined by interviewing. Data would be analyzed using chi-square test at 0,05 level of significance. Result: The result of this research showed that variables which had relationship (p-value<0,05 to the incidence of diarrhea were: education, income, distance of well to septictank and to river,  knowledge, attitude, practice, pH, BOD, TDS, and E. coli content.  Well water located on upstream area of Bengawan Solo containing E. coli. Person who had well water containing  E. coli  over standard had 0,17 of probability to suffer diarrhea.  The other one, well water located on downstream area of Bengawan Solo containing total dissolved solid.  Person who had well water containing E. coli and TDS over standard had 0,13 of probability to suffer diarrhea. Conclusion: well water containing E. coli is the main variable associated to the occurrence of diarrhea on upstream area of Bengawan. The content of E. coli and TDS are two variables associated to the occurrence of diarrhea on downstream area of Bengawan. Key words :   Quality of well water, Diarrhea  Incidence, community living on the riverside of Bengawan Solo.

Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Bedog Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Cair Sentra Industri Batik Desa Wijirejo

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Widayati Indarsih

2016-10-01

ABSTRACT Bedog River that flows along Wijirejo Village, Pandak, in Bantul has been indicated to be polluted by varieties of liquid waste including batik industry. The objectives of this research are : to determine the quality of batik liquid waste; the quality of Bedog River water from physical aspects (temperature, TDS, TSS; chemical aspects (pH, COD, BOD, Cu, Cr+6; and biological aspect (plankton; to measure participation of stakeholder and also to develop a management strategy to manage batik liquid waste so that it does not pollute the environment.This research use survey method, data collected by purposive sampling. Water sample is directly taken from batik liquid waste and from the Bedog River with six observation station : S1 is the location before the waste disposal point, located around Pedak Bridge; S2 (+ 350 m next to S1,  S3 (+ 750 m next to S2, located at Pijenan Bridge, S4 (+ 400 m next to S3 and S5 (+ 250 m next to S4 is location that has been polluted by batik liquid waste, and S6 (+ 400 m next to S5 is an area that is no longer able to contain more additonal batik waste. Chemical, physical and biological data is carried on in direct measurement in the field and at laboratory. Participation data of stakeholder data is carried on interview method using questionare . Result analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive.The result of this research shows that the quality of batik liquid waste has surpassed from the quality standard. The water quality at location S4 has been polluted shown by the COD point 28 mg/L (quality standard 25 mg/L and BOD point 4,8 mg/L (quality standard 3 mg/L. S4 is the location of which has highest density of batik industry. Both organic and inorganic materials inside batik liquid waste have increased COD and BOD of Bedog River. According to the plankton diversity index, the water of Bedog River has been polluted at S2, S3, S4 and S5 locations. S1 and S6 locations are not classified into the polluted area. Batik liquid waste gives accumulatively effects to chemical and physical river ecosystem character, thus it decreases plankton diversity index which live in it. The grade of local government stakeholder participation generally (57,14% at middle category. The environment management strategy can be done by : improving participation of batik crafter both  individually (by applying clean production and minimalizing waste and collectively (by building IPAL in cluster; improving participation of stakeholder; and choosing properly  technology of waste water treatment (IPAL.

Pengaruh Perebusan, Penggaraman Dan Penjemuran Pada Udang Dan Cumi Terhadap Pembentukan 7 Ketokolesterol

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Rudi Riyanto

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian pengaruh perebusan, penggaraman dan penjemuran pada udang dan cumi terhadap pembentukan 7‑ketokolesterol telah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, udang dan cumi masing ­masing dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Pada kelompok pertama diberikan perlakuan perebusan dalam air, dan pada kelompok kedua diberikan perlakuan perebusan dalam air garam (3% air garam untuk udang dan 20% air garam untuk cumi. Setelah perebusan, dilakukan pengeringan di bawah matahari (udang dikupas dahulu sebelum dijemur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan saat kondisi segar, setelah direbus dan setelah dijemur. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kandungan 7‑ketokolesterol, kolesterol, nilai TBA, dan kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perebusan, penggaraman dan penjemuran berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan 7‑ketokolesterol sampai konsentrasi 20,82 ppm pada udang dan 15,05 ppm pada cumi sebagai konsentrasi tertinggi produk hasil oksidasi kolesterol yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bukti bahwa pemanasan (perebusan dan penjemuran, serta penggaraman berpengaruh dalam proses oksidasi kolesterol pada udang dan cumi.

Tingkat Keamanan Konsumsi Residu Karbamat dalam Buah dan Sayur Menurut Analisis Pascakolom Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi

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Bambang Wispriyono

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Karbamat merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan untuk membasmi hama buah dan sayur. Untuk menentukan bahwa residu karbamat dalam sayuran masih aman dikonsumsi manusia, telah dilakukan analisis beberapa residu karbamat seperti metomil, karbaril, karbofuran, dan propoksur. Sampel-sampel tomat, apel, selada air, kubis, dan sawi hijau dikumpulkan dari tiga supermarket dan satu pasar tradisional di Depok, Jawa Barat. Analisis dilakukan serempak untuk ke empat residu karbamat menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi denganpereaksi o-ftalaldehida dan 2-merkaptoetanol dalam reaktor pascakolom dengan detektor fluoresensi. Dari sampel-sampel buah dan sayur yang dianalisis, hanya sawi hijau asal pasar tradisional yang positif mengandung propoksur dengan kadar 1,2 mg/25 gram berat basah (0,048 mg/g berat basah. Dengan Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI propoksur 0,005 mg/kg berat badan/hari, konsumsi sawi hijau harian seberat 20 g/hari masih cukup aman dari gangguan kesehatan akibat pajanan kronik propoksur dengan margin of safety 298,7 (> 100 sebagai batas aman. Carbamat is a group of pesticides which is commonly used to control fruits and vegetables pests. To determine that carbamat residues in fruits and vegetables are safe for human consumption, carbamate residues such as methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, and propoxur in vegetables and fruits have been analyzed. Samples of tomato, apple, water lettuces, cabbage, and mustard greens were collected from three supermarkets and one traditional market in Depok, West Java. The analysis was carried out simultaneously for all four carbamate residues by high performance liquid chromatography using o-phtaladehyde and 2 mercaptoethanol reagents in post-column reactor with a fluorescence detector. Of fruits and vegetable samples analyzed, only mustard greens from traditional market positively containe propoxur at 1.2 mg/ 25 gram wet weight (0,048 mg/gram wet weight. With Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI

PENGGUNAAN BIOCATALYS ELECTROLYSIS DALAM PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS DAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD LIMBAH DOMESTIK

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Wiharyanto Oktiawan

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Secara umum air limbah kegiatan rumah tangga (domestik dibuang langsung menuju badan air seperti sungai dan danau. Pengolahan limbah cair secara biologis (aerob sering menghasilkan lumpur dalam jumlah besar. Jumlah lumpur dapat dikurangi dengan pengolahan anaerob. Sistem bioelektrokimia merupakan salah satu terobosan teknologi yang memungkinkan untuk mengolah limbah sekaligus menghasilkan energi berupa gas metana. Penggunaan biocatalys electrolysis dapat mengatasi kelemahan proses anaerob secara konvensional dalam penurunan konsentrasi TSS dan COD limbah domestik salah satunya mampu menghasilkan gas H2 dari proses elektrolisis. Penambahan daya ekternal sebesar 6 volt mampu menyisihkan TSS sampai kadar 82 mg/l dari kadar semula 157 mg/l. Tegangan 12 volt mampu menurunkan kadar COD sampai 47,46 mg/l dari kadar awal 223 mg/l. Penyisihan TSS paling rendah pada waktu elektrolisis 15 menit dengan kadar 87 mg/l. Penambahan waktu elektrolisis sebanding dengan penurunan konsentrasi COD limbah domestik. Pada penelitian ini kualitas maupun kuantitas gas metana tidak diketahui secara jelas. Selain gas metan, produk fermentasi juga belum diketahui.

Pengambilan Sampel Berdasarkan Peringkat Pada Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana

OpenAIRE

Wijayanti, Pritha Sekar; Ispriyanti, Dwi; Wuryandari, Triastuti

2013-01-01

Ranked Set Sampling and Ranked Set Sampling concomitant are more efficient than Simple Random Sampling. This can be determined by calculating the Relative Precision which is a ratio value from the variance of the mean from each sampling technique. From the research of Ranked Set Sampling, obtained , and so Ranked Set Sampling is more efficient than Simple Random Sampling. For the research of Ranked Set Sampling concomitant, obtained , and so Ranked Set Sampling concomitant is more efficie...

BEHAVIOUR OF LEDOK VILLAGE COMMUNITY, SALATIGA CITY IN DRAINING WATER CONTAINER FOR DENGUE VECTOR CONTROL

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Aryani Pujiyanti

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Kegiatan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN melalui 3M plus (menguras, mengubur, menutup kontainer air adalah salah satu upaya pengendalian vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Masyarakat Kelurahan Ledok, Kota Salatiga lebih memilih tindakan menguras untuk pengendalian vektor DBD dibandingkan tindakan larvasidasi atau pemberian ikan pemakan jentik di lingkungan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan faktor demografi (jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sikap, dan alasan melakukan tindakan menguras tempat penampungan air terhadap perilaku menguras penampungan air. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sebanyak 50 orang sebagai sampel penelitian diambil secara kluster yaitu seluruh rumah di wilayah Rukun Tetangga (RT1/Rukun Warga (RW5 dan RT 1/RW 8 Kelurahan Ledok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan Oktober 2013. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan perilaku menguras penampungan air. dan alasan melakukan perilaku menguras dengan tindakan menguras penampungan air. Faktor kebersihan menjadi indikator utama responden untuk melakukan tindakan menguras tempat air. Kata kunci: menguras, penampungan air, perilaku, pengendalian vektor DBD

Identifikasi Pewarna Sintetis Pada Produk Pangan Yang Beredar di Jakarta dan Ciputat

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La Ode Sumarlin

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Warna merupakan faktor yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kesegaran atau kematangan suatuproduk. Warna merupakan daya tarik terbesar untuk menikmati aroma makanan. Warna dalammakanan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan konsumen tentang sebuah produk. Namun, penggunaanpewarna sintetis harus dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku karena dapat merugikankesehatan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan monitoring pewarna sintetis berbagai produk makananyang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Metode analisis kualitatif yang digunakan adalah kromatografikertas. Sementara analisis kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Pewarna sintetis yangterkandung dalam sebagian besar sampel yang dianalisis adalah pewarna yang memungkinkanpenggunaannya untuk makanan oleh Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI seperti sunset yellow, ponceau4R, tartrazine, dan carmoisin. Namun sampel krupuk pati mengandung zat yag dilarang yaituRhodamin B dengan konsentrasi 2,1892 ppm. Sampel mengandung zat pewarna campuran dari duaatau tiga jenis warna tunggal seperti es limun botol/orange (Amaranth,Tartrazine dan KuningFCF/Sunset Yellow dan sampel permen merah (Ponceau 4R, Kuning FCF. Namun sebagian besarberupa pewarna tunggal. Pewarna sintetik yang ada dalam sampel permen kuning sebesar 22,642ppm dan 9,0119 ppm pada mie basah.

Kajian Pemilihan Sumber Mikroorganisme Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC Berdasarkan Jenis dan Volume Sampah, Power Density dan Efisiensi Penurunan COD

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Ganjar Samudro

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Mikroorganisme merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam proses Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC untuk degradasi bahan organik dan transfer elektron. Pemilihan sumber mikroorganisme menjadi metode yang paling sederhana untuk dikaji sebagai informasi awal ketersediaan dan identifikasi jenis mikroorganisme yang mendukung proses SMFC. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memilih sumber mikroorganisme tanah, septic tank dan sedimen sungai yang tepat digunakan dalam proses SMFC berdasarkan jenis dan volume sampah, power density, dan efisiensi penurunan COD. Kajian ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian menggunakan reaktor SMFC tipe single chamber microbial fuel cell dengan variabel jenis dan volume sampah , serta sumber mikroorganisme. Metode perbandingan secara kuantitatif dilakukan berdasarkan kecenderungan nilai power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi di antara jenis dan volume sampah kantin, dedaunan dan komposit kantin-dedaunan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 2/3 dari volume reaktor, sedangkan sumber mikroorganisme septic tank tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 1/2 dari volume reaktor. Sumber mikroorganisme dari septic tank menunjukkan kinerja power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD yang lebih rendah dibandingkan sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai.

Penentuan Pelabuhan Hub untuk Crude Palm Oil (CPO Ekspor di Indonesia

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Eko Andi Haranto

2013-03-01

Full Text Available CPO (Crude Palm Oil merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor terbesar di Indonesia. Moda angkut darat dan sungai menjadi pilihan untuk didistribusikan menuju calon pelabuhan hub. Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan pola operasi armada pengangkut CPO, dan penentuan pelabuhan hub untuk ekspor CPO. Metode Transportasi digunakan untuk memilih pabrik pengolahan CPO sebagai pemasok utama. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa penggunaan moda darat menggunakan truk lebih optimal dibandingkan menggunakan tongkang hal ini dikarenakan kondisi sungai di Kalimantan Tengah yang dangkal. Dengan menggunakan metode transportasi didapatkan empat lokasi pabrik pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. Pelabuhan hub yang terpilih berlokasi di Bagendang dan Bumi Harjo. Kedua titik tersebut dipilih karena sudah memiliki tangki timbun dan dermaga untuk ekspor CPO, selain itu pemilihan berdasarkan hasil analisa didapatkan biaya dari Pabrik PT. ATLANTIS ke Pelabuhan Bagendang dengan truk berukuran 10 ton memerlukan biaya sebesar Rp. 333.016,25/TRIP/TRUK. Pabrik PT. ATLANTIS II ke Pelabuhan Bagendang Rp. 237.868,75/TRIP/TRUK. Pabrik PT. TIGER ke Pelabuhan Bumi Harjo Rp. 475.737,50/TRIP/TRUK. PT. TIGER II merupakan pabrik yang dapat melakukan pengiriman langsung menggunakan tongkang berukuran 1800 DWT melewati sungai Barito, dengan biaya Rp.123.007.828,27,- /voyage.

Air filtration and indoor air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel

2006-01-01

Demands for better indoor air quality are increasing, since we spend most of our time indoors and we are more and more aware of indoor air pollution. Field studies in different parts of the world have documented that high percentage of occupants in many offices and buildings find the indoor air...... decent ventilation and air cleaning/air filtration, high indoor air quality cannot be accomplished. The need for effective air filtration has increased with increasing evidence on the hazardous effects of fine particles. Moreover, the air contains gaseous pollutants, removal of which requires various air...... cleaning techniques. Supply air filter is one of the key components in the ventilation system. Studies have shown that used ventilation filters themselves can be a significant source of indoor air pollution with consequent impact on perceived air quality, sick building syndrome symptoms and performance...

Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku Masyarakat dengan Keberadaan Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan

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I N Gede Suyasa

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat penting di Indonesia dansering menimbulkan suatu kejadian luar biasa dengan kematian yang besar. Di Indonesia nyamuk penular (vektor penyakit DBDyang penting adalah Aedes aegypti Jenis penelitian cross sectional dengan besar sampel 90 KK.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan vektor DBD adalah kepadatanpenduduk, mobilitas penduduk, keberadaan tempat ibadah, keberadaan pot tanaman hias, keberadaan saluran air hujan dan keberadaankontainer. Faktor perilaku masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan vektor DBD adalah tindakan dan kebiasaanmenggantung pakaian.

The Improvement of the Ventilation System in the Existing Terraced Houses in Malaysia

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Arab Yasser

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This study aims to find a sustainable solution in order to reduce the indoor temperature in hot and humid climate such as Malaysia. The focus of this study is to create a new device (Air Tube which is considered to be a remedial device for the indoor spaces, and can be installed for the existed houses. The method of this study is to design the Air Tube device and install is in the rooms of second floor in semi-detached and terrace house in order to reduce the temperature few degrees. The study will depend on taking manual measurements in the site and making simulation using computer software Ecotect on 14th of February (which considered to be the hottest day in the year and trying to find the best solution to reduce the temperature in such hot and humid weather, the case study is a semi-detach house with post-modern architectural style, which is located in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. The research finds that AirTubeis a good solution for the existed houses to decrease the temperature and reach the thermal comfortable atmosphere.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN DAN KONSERVASI LAHAN DI KAWASAN SEGARA ANAKAN, JAWA TENGAH (Agriculture and Land Conservation Development Strategy in Segara Anakan Region, Central Java, Indonesia

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Suratman Suratman

2015-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Segara Anakan merupakan suatu kesatuan kawasan laguna yang mempunyai keunikan, tidak sebagaimana umumnya lahan pantai pasang surut di Indonesia. Beberapa keadaan dan proses yang khas terjadi di kawasan ini, antara lain adanya pasang surut yang bergantian secara musiman antara air asin dan tawar, sedimentasi sungai sangat cepat sehingga terbentuk “tanah timbul”, penyempitan kawasan perairan, pembentukan dan perubahan alur sungai, serta penciutan hutan mangrove. Keadaan ini menyebabkan perubahan yang drastis terhadap mata pencaharian penduduk yang tadinya nelayan menjadi petambak dan petani. Untuk itu diperlukan masukan strategi pengembangan pertanian yang sesuai dengan karakteristik lahan yang khas tersebut. Sesuai dengan karakteristik lahannya, daerah ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi zona pengembangan tambak, pengembangan lahan basah, lahan kering, tanaman tahunan, dan areal konservasi. Dari segi konservasi diperlukan tindakan pengendalian sedimen dan mempertahankan keberadaan areal sempadan pantai dan hutan mangrove.   ABSTRACT Segara Anakan is a lagoon which has unique characteristics different from other swamp lands in Indonesia. Its characteristics include seasonal fluctuation of fresh water river and sea water, rapid river sedimentation, narrowing water area, forming and changing river channels, and decreasing forest area. These phenomena have drastically changed people occupation. They, who were previously fishermen, have changed to be farmers. These conditions require an agriculture development strategy suitable for that area. Based on its characteristics, the area can be categorized into development zones for fishpond, wetland, dry land, annual crop, and conservation. This area requires actions to control the sedimentation process for maintaining its coastal belt and mangrove forest.

33 CFR 334.1280 - Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. 334.1280 Section 334.1280 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1280 Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. (a...

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UJI PERMEABILITAS BETON

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Handoko Sugiharto

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The permeability of concrete to water is an important factor that have an effect to durability of concrete structures having direct contact with water, such as port structures, bridges, and basements. In order to identify the permeability nature of concrete, permeability testing is needed. This paper presents a concrete permeability test equipment that was designed and built by the authors. The equipment can be used to conduct permeability tests by flow test as well as by penetration test method. The trial tests of the equipment by flow test method were conducted to 12 concrete speciments with water-cement ratio 0.4 and 0.5 and with wet and dry curing method. The averages of coefficients of permeability obtained differ in the range of 5%-26% from that obtained by using permeability test equipment made by Marui. In addition, the trial tests by penetration method were also conducted to six dry-cured concrete speciments with water-cement ratio 0.4 and 0.5. The averages of coefficients of permeability obtained from the penetration test differs from the flow test 23% and 90% for concrete of water –cement ratio 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Permeabilitas beton terhadap air merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi durabilitas struktur beton yang berhubungan langsung dengan air, seperti pelabuhan, jembatan, dan basement. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik permeabilitas beton diperlukan uji permeabilitas. Makalah ini menyajikan suatu alat uji permeabilitas beton terhadap air yang dirancang dan dibuat oleh penulis. Dengan alat ini uji permeabilitas beton dapat dilakukan baik dengan cara aliran maupun cara penetrasi. Ujicoba penggunaan alat ini dilakukan dengan cara uji aliran terhadap 12 sampel beton dengan variasi faktor air semen 0.4 dan 0.5 serta variasi curing kering dan basah. Rata-rata koefisien permeabilitas yang diperoleh berbeda sekitar 5%-26% dari yang didapatkan dengan alat uji permeabilitas buatan Marui. Dilakukan

Royal Danish Air Force. Air Operations Doctrine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørby, Søren

This brief examines the development of the first Danish Air Force Air Operations Doctrine, which was officially commissioned in October 1997 and remained in effect until 2010. The development of a Danish air power doctrine was heavily influenced by the work of Colonel John Warden (USAF), both...... through his book ”The Air Campaign” and his subsequent planning of the air campaign against Iraq in 1990-1991. Warden’s ideas came to Denmark and the Danish Air Force by way of Danish Air Force students attending the United States Air Force Air University in Alabama, USA. Back in Denmark, graduates from...... the Air University inspired a small number of passionate airmen, who then wrote the Danish Air Operations Doctrine. The process was supported by the Air Force Tactical Command, which found that the work dovetailed perfectly with the transformation process that the Danish Air Force was in the midst...

Kajian Pengaruh Radiasi Sinar Gamma Terhadap Susut Bobot Pada Buah Jambu Biji Merah Selama Masa Penyimpanan

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M. Akrom

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan radiasi pada sampel jambu biji merah (psidium guajava linn pada variasi dosis 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, dan 1 kGy menggunakan sinar gamma dengan sumber isotop Co-60 serta sampel yang tidak diradiasi sebagai sampel kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi sinar gamma terhadap susut bobot sebagai indikasi dari terjadinya perlambatan proses fisiologis pada buah jambu biji merah selama masa penyimpanan. Sampel jambu biji merah diradiasi sesuai dosis yang ditentukan kemudian disimpan dalam wadah plastik selama 8 hari masa penyimpanan. Hari ke 4 dan ke 8 dilakukan evaluasi terhadap massa sampel untuk mengetahui penyusutan bobot yang terjadi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang tidak diradiasi mengalami penyusutan bobot rata-rata 20.27% dan sampel yang diradiasi mengalami penyusutan bobot rata-rata sebesar 1.23 – 5.98%. Perlakuan radiasi gamma mampu memperlambat proses fisiologis dimana terjadi perlambatan penyusutan bobot pada buah jambu biji merah selama masa penyimpanan. The samples of red guava (psidium guajava linn have been irradiated at variation doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 kGy using gamma rays with Co-60 isotope source and un-irradiated samples as control. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on shrinkage weights as indication of slowing in physiological processes on red guava fruit during storage. Red guava fruit samples were irradiated in certain doses then saved in plastic pan during 8 days storage time. The fourth and eighth day sample mass was measured to determine the shrinkage of the weight. The result showed that un-irradiated sample was shrinkage weighted average 20.27% and the samples were irradiated shrinkage weight by an average of 1.23 to 5.98%. Gamma irradiation is able to slow the physiological processes which cause shrinkage weight on red guava fruit during storage.

PENDUGAAN EROSI DAN PERENCANAAN KONSERVASI TANAH DAN AIR PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI OTAN KABUPATEN TABANAN

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TATIEK KUSMAWATI

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Erosion Prediction and Planning of Soil Water Conservation at Otan Watershed, Tabanan Regency The aims of this research was to predict the erosion and planning of soil and water conservation when the erosion is more than tolerable erosion. The USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to predict erosion and planning of soil and water conservation. The result showed that the erosion level in this area was varied from very slight to very severe. The lowest erosion was on land unit 11 and 12 which were on the forest land. Slight erosion occurred on land units 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 13, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, and 43 on the use of forest land, irrigated fields, and mix crop land. Moderate erosion can be found at cocoa plantations, coffee plantations, scrub and dry land (land unit 1, 8, 16, 30, 38, dan 45. Severe and very severe erosion occurs at mixed crop land, coffee plantations, mixed crop and dry land (land unit 35 and 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 27, 29, 39, 42, and 44 . The planning of soil and water conservation was focused on the very severe erosion by doing for some plant growing storied canopies, very high density, and constructed terrace for land unit of 6, 7, 14, 15 ,19, 21, 27, and, 29. While at land unit, 9, 17, 24, and 35 was purposed mixed estate crop with high density, it was combinated with mulch of 1 ton/ha and in land unit 39 were for traditional terrace with gogo rice and corn plant in rotation plantation.

Pencemaran air raksa (Hg sebagai dampak pengolahan bijih emas di Sungai Ciliunggunung, Waluran, Kabupaten Sukabumi

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Widodo Widodo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol3no3.20083Gold ore mining at Waluran Subregency, Sukabumi Regency was carried out by an underground mining method, and only rock that contains high enough gold ore would be taken (selective mining. The gold ore from the mining was processed with a direct amalgamation method, so it produced low gold concentrate, but the concentrate of mercury discarded to the river was high enough. Monitoring result of water and sedimentation in Ciliunggunung River in 2004, showed that the river was contamined by mercury (Hg, and the contamination was above the value limit. This happened especially in August 2005 where the Hg content was about 0.218 mg/l on the Ciliunggunung River in CLG.07. The chemical analysis result of heavy metals for the water of the Ciliunggunung River in CLG.07 was known to contain Fe above the standard drinking water criteria, meanwhile Mn, Cu, Pb, and As were still under the maximum drinking water criteria value. To decrease the mercury contamination, it is suggested the process of gold ore from the amalgamation direct method to be changed to the amalgamation indirect method. The indirect gold ore amalgamation process consists of: removing fine particles by washing, grinding ore, and the amalgamation phase. The total impact of the indirect amalgamation method will increase the tying of gold by mercury, so the losing of mercury will be decreased and the gain of gold will be optimum.  

Motivasi Belajar Siswa Madrsah Aliyah dalam Mengikuti Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab dan Implikasinya dalam Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (Studi pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh yang Berasal dari Sekolah Menengah Pertama

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Yasrial Chandra

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Arabic language is the basic of all the religious subjects in Madrasah Aliyah. The student derived from senior high school, Arabic is the new subject in which they did not learn in SMP (junior high school, and it is possibly emerged the difficulty from them. This study describes the student’s learning motivation who derived from SMP in learning Arabic on the terms of  perseverance on learning Arabic, the needs on learning Arabic, the expected of learning Arabic, and interested on learning Arabic. This research was a descriptive research  by using quantitative approach. The population of this research was the Eleventh grade student of MAN 1 Sungai Penuh who derived from SMP in 2014/2015 academic years. The sample of this research was 124 students that had been choosen by proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used likert scale. Then analyzed by using statistic technique. The finding of the research shown that: 1 The level of students motivation derived from SMP on learning Arabic were the average rating, (a On the subvariable of perseverance on learning Arabic was on the low criterion, (b the subvariable of needs on learning Arabic was on the average criterion, (c the subvariable expected on learning Arabic was on the low criterion (d subvariable of interest on learning Arabic was on the low criterion. 2 The counseling services could be given to improve the student motivation on learning Arabic who derived from SMP which based on the result of this research were; oriented service, information service, the individual consult service, the group guiding service and the group consulting service.

Environmental dynamics and carbon accumulation rate of a tropical peatland in Central Sumatra, Indonesia

Science.gov (United States)

Hapsari, Kartika Anggi; Biagioni, Siria; Jennerjahn, Tim C.; Reimer, Peter Meyer; Saad, Asmadi; Achnopha, Yudhi; Sabiham, Supiandi; Behling, Hermann

2017-08-01

Tropical peatlands are important for the global carbon cycle as they store 18% of the total global peat carbon. As they are vulnerable to changes in temperature and precipitation, a rapidly changing environment endangers peatlands and their carbon storage potential. Understanding the mechanisms of peatland carbon accumulation from studying past developments may, therefore, help to assess the future role of tropical peatlands. Using a multi-proxy palaeoecological approach, a peat core taken from the Sungai Buluh peatland in Central Sumatra has been analyzed for its pollen and spore, macro charcoal and biogeochemical composition. The result suggests that peat and C accumulation rates were driven mainly by sea level change, river water level, climatic variability and anthropogenic activities. It is also suggested that peat C accumulation in Sungai Buluh is correlated to the abundance of Freycinetia, Myrtaceae, Calophyllum, Stemonuraceae, Ficus and Euphorbiaceae. Sungai Buluh has reasonable potential for being a future global tropical peat C sinks. However, considering the impact of rapid global climate change in addition to land-use change following rapid economic growth in Indonesia, such potential may be lost. Taking advantage of available palaeoecological records and advances made in Quaternary studies, some considerations for management practice such as identification of priority taxa and conservation sites are suggested.

Phytosociology of aquilaria malaccensis lamk. and its communities from a tropical forest reserve in peninsular malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Razak, S. A.; Haron, N. W.

2015-01-01

A phytosociological study on the floristic and vegetation communities of Aquilaria malaccensis was carried out in Sungai Udang Forest Reserve, Malacca, Malaysia. The main objectives of this study were to identify, characterize and classify the Aquilaria malaccensis communities which were naturally distributed in the Sungai Udang Forest Reserve. A total of 25 plots (40 m x 20 m) in size were constructed according to the line transect method. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done. A total of 80 species belonging to 79 genera and 40 families were found from all the 25 plots in Sungai Udang Forest Reserve. The most abundant family was the Euphorbiaceae with 220 individual trees, followed by Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae representing 212 and 197 individual trees, respectively. A community which was Aquilaria malaccensis Artocarpus rigidus community with two new sub-community known as Palaquium gutta sub-community and Barringtonia racemosa sub-community were identified on the basis of statistical and phytosociological analyses. These community and sub-community also showed preference on different geographical and environmental factors such as soils and local relief. This study is useful in providing more information on the growth response of the mixed dipterocarp forest in the development of proper forest management. (author)

AirPEx. Air Pollution Exposure Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freijer, J.I.; Bloemen, H.J.Th.; De Loos, S.; Marra, M.; Rombout, P.J.A.; Steentjes, G.M.; Van Veen, M.P.

1997-12-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The principal grounds for studying the inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollutants are formed by the need for realistic exposure/dose estimates to evaluate the health effects of these pollutants. The AirPEx (Air Pollution Exposure) model, developed to assess the time- and space-dependence of inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollution, has been implemented for use as a Windows 3.1 computer program. The program is suited to estimating various exposure and dose quantities for individuals, as well as for populations and subpopulations. This report describes the fundamentals of the AirPEx model and provides a user manual for the computer program. Several examples included in the report illustrate the possibilities of the AirPEx model in exposure assessment. The model will be used at the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment as a tool in analysing the current exposure of the Dutch population to air pollutants. 57 refs.

Air movement and perceived air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Kaczmarczyk, J.

2012-01-01

The impact of air movement on perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms was studied. In total, 124 human subjects participated in four series of experiments performed in climate chambers at different combinations of room air temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28 °C), relative...... and the humidity of the room air. At a low humidity level of 30% an increased velocity could compensate for the decrease in perceived air quality due to an elevated temperature ranging from 20 °C to 26 °C. In a room with 26 °C, increased air movement was also able to compensate for an increase in humidity from 30...... humidity (30, 40 and 70%) and pollution level (low and high). Most of the experiments were performed with and without facially applied airflow at elevated velocity. The importance of the use of recirculated room air and clean, cool and dry outdoor air was studied. The exposures ranged from 60. min to 235...

PENGARUH METODE DAN UKURAN SAMPEL TERHADAP VARIANSI SKOR HASIL PENYETARAAN

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Tri Rijanto

2013-01-01

______________________________________________________________ THE IMPACT OF METHODS AND SAMPLE SIZE TO THE SCORE VARIANCE OF EQUATING RESULT Abstract This study was aimed to obtain information on the difference of score variance as a result of equating linear method and equipercentile method for the sample size of 200, 400, and 800 in the Final Examinition of National Standardized Schools. The method used was a simulation of variables equating method and the number of respondents. The population are examinees from the 2008/2009 elementary school final examination for science class in East Jakarta. Random sampling with replacement technique was used. The hypotheses were tested using similarity variance. The results with α = 0,05 showed that: (1 the equated score variance from equiper-centile method (σ2ekp200 was not different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin200 for the sample size of 200, (2 the equated score variance from equipercentile method (σ2ekp400 was not different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin400 for the sample size of 400, and (3 the equated score variance from equipercentile method (σ2ekp800 was different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin800 for the sample size of 800. Keywords: score variance, equating, equipercentile method, linear method

Pengaruh Antikoagulan dan Waktu Penyimpanan Terhadap Profil Hematologis Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 Galur Wistar

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Laksmindra Fitria

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Darah merupakan komponen penting karena menunjukkan kondisi fisiologis individu. Oleh  karena  itu  darah  menjadi salah  satu  parameter  pokok  dalam penelitian praklinik/ biomedik. Hematologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kondisi sel-sel darah perifer dalam kondisi normal maupun patologis. Parameter pemeriksaan hematologis yang rutin dilakukan antara lain profil eritrosit dan leukosit. Sampel darah yang diterima kadangkala tidak langsung diperiksa karena berbagai alasan. Untuk menjaga supaya kondisinya tidak rusak, maka sampel darah ditambah antikoagulan dan disimpan di dalam lemari pendingin selama beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil eritrosit dan leukosit pada sampel darah tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 Galur Wistar yang sehat/normal dengan antikoagulan EDTA atau Heparin dan variasi waktu penyimpanan (0, 6, 18, 24, dan 48 jam. Untuk pembahasan lebih lanjut, data dianalisis secara statistik berdasarkan ANOVA two-factor (P0,05. Disimpulkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil hematologis yang terbaik adalah menggunakan darah tanpa antikoagulan namun harus langsung dilakukan segera setelah sampel diperoleh (sebelum darah mengalami koagulasi. Apabila tidak memungkinkan, maka dapat digunakan EDTA atau Heparin, dan jenis antikoagulan harus dijelaskan dalam pelaporannya. Pemeriksaan darah dengan antikoagulan hendaknya juga tetap dilakukan segera setelah sampel diterima (tidak ditunda.

A mixed air/air and air/water heat pump system ensures the air-conditioning of a cinema; Un systeme mixte PAC air/air et air/eau climatise un cinema

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-03-01

This article presents the air conditioning system of a new cinema complex of Boulogne (92, France) which comprises a double-flux air processing plant and two heat pumps. Each heat pump has two independent refrigerating loops: one with a air condenser and the other with a water condenser. This system allows to limit the power of the loop and to reduce the size of the cooling tower and of the vertical ducts. This article describes the technical characteristics of the installation: thermodynamic units, smoke clearing, temperature control, air renewing. (J.S.)

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Bahaya Erupsi untuk Pengelolaan Kebencanaan di Lereng Selatan Gunungapi Merapi

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Sriadi Setyowati

2016-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Pengembangan sistem informasi bencana ini dilakukan di Lereng Selatan Gunungapi Merapi sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1 menyusun peta tingkat bahaya dan sebaran bahaya pasca erupsi 2010, dan 2 menyusun informasi spasial untuk pengurangan risiko bencana. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif pada setiap satuan medan. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan bantuan SIG, yang terlebih dulu dilakukan pengharkatan terhadap atribut datanya. Hasil penelitiannya adalah, pertama, terdapat tiga kelas bahaya erupsi di lereng selatan Gunungapi Merapi yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Tingkat bahaya erupsi sedang meliputi 73% wilayah, sedangkan tingkat bahaya rendah dan tinggi meliputi 27% wilayah. Faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat bahaya adalah jarak dari kepundan, jarak dari alur sungai utama, kemiringan lereng, dan relief. Kedua, terdapat empat jalur evakuasi yang disarankan untuk digunakan dalam pengelolaan bencana dengan memperhatikan tingkat bahaya, penduduk, aksesibilitas, serta keberadaan fasilitas pendukung.   ABSTRACT This research aims to: (1 map the hazard level and distribution after 2010 eruption, based on new morphological database at southern flank of Merapi Volcano. (2 make spatial information for disaster risk reduction according to renovated hazard level information. This research employs explorative survey methods. Population sampling is done through purposive sampling methods. Samplings are taken in terrain units. The analysis technique employs in this research are GIS, scoring, and descriptive spatial analysis. Result shows: (1 there are three level of eruption hazard in southern flank of Merapi Volcano, namely: low, middle, and high. Middle eruption hazard level to includes 73% area, low and high hazard level to includes 27% area. The factors that influence hazard level are distance from crater, distance from main river channel, slope, and relief. (2 there are four routes suggested to

Pemetaan Hutan Mangrove di Estuari Sungai Andai, Manokwari Papua Barat Berdasarkan Metode Density Slicing Berbasis Citra Alos Avnir-2

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Christian S. Imburi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Secara umum julat nilai spektral objek diperoleh melalui perpustakaan spektral (spectral library atau melalui pengukuran langsung di lapangan dengan alat ukur spectroradiometer, spectrometer, dan spectrophotometer, atau alat-alat sejenis yang mahal serta jarang, sehingga sulit untuk memperoleh julat nilai spektral objek tertentu. Studi tentang Metode Density Slicing Berbasis Citra ALOS AVNIR-2 Untuk Pemetaan Hutan Mangrove di Estuari Sungai Andai, Manokwari Papua Barat dilakukan dengan tujuan menghasilkan prosedur analisis perolehan julat nilai spektral melalui analis histogram band inframerah dekat ALOS AVNIR-2.  Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua tahapan metode analisis, yakni: 1 Analisis utama untuk menghasilkan julat nilai spektral, yakni analisis histogram band inframerah dekat ALOS AVNIR-2, dan 2 Analisis tambahan untuk menjelaskan tingkat akurasi julat nilai spektral melalui: (a survei lapangan yang menghasilkan data untuk proses uji akurasi reklasifikasi metode density slicing, serta (b melakukan uji akurasi terhadap peta zonasi mangrove berbasis density slicing. Analisis tersebut dijabarkan melalui pendekatan penginderaan jauh multitingkat, dimana citra QuickBird digunakan sebagai referensi untuk masking citra ALOS AVNIR-2, dan juga untuk validasi peta hasil metode density slicing. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah prosedur analisis perolehan julat nilai spektral dan julat nilai spektral zonasi genus mangrove.  Akurasi pemetan hutan mangrove untuk metode density slicingmenghasilkan nilai 40%. Nilai tersebut masih belum memenuhi standar ketelitian yang diharapkan. Namun demikian, penelitian ini secara keseluruhan dapat menghasilkan julat nilai spektral, dan hal ini memberikan implikasi terhadap pengembangan prosedur untuk menghasilkan julat nilai spektral objek.   ABSTRACT Generally the range of spectral value objects can be obtained through spectral library or through direct measurement in the field with measuring instrument

Respon Imun Anak Babi Pasca Vaksinasi Hog Cholera

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I Made Jayanata

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antibodi maternal terhadap titer antibodi anak babi yang di vaksin hog cholera umur 7 hari. Penelitian menggunakan tujuh sampel babi dari induk yang divaksin secara teratur yang diberikan perlakuan vaksinasi pada umur 7 hari. Pengambilan sampel serum dilakukan pravaksinasi (7 hari, dan satu minggu serta dua minggu pasca vaksinasi. Untuk menentukan titer antibodi virus Hog cholera pada sampel anak babi dilakukan uji ELISA. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis mengunakan paired sampel T test antara titer antibodi hog cholera. Hasil paired sample T test menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan titer antibodi maternal yang nyata (p<0,05 pada pra vaksinasi ( umur 7 hari dengan satu minggu pasca vaksinasi dan sangat nyata (p<0,01 dengan hari dua minggu pasca vaksinasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa antibodi maternal yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan penurunan pada titer antibodi pasca vaksinasi. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui waktu vaksinasi yang efektif

Desain Penampang Sungai Way Besai Melalui Peningkatan Kapasitas Sungai Menggunakan Softwere HEC-RAS

OpenAIRE

Utami, Tri; Purwadi, Ofik Taufik; Susilo, Gatot Eko

2016-01-01

Way Besai river is located in Sumberjaya subdistrict, West Lampung district, Lampung. It is one of the sub river from Tulang Bawang river. Way Besai river has been used as a the electric power source, known as Besai hydropower. Besai Hydropower has decreased energy supply of 40 MW from the supply optimum can reachs 90 MW. his is due to the catcment area conditions of the Way Besai rivers are "metastable" so which effected in the shallowing of the cross-section quickly. So it needs the capacit...

Kajian Analitik Perencanaan Pintu Air Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air

OpenAIRE

Pradoto, Pradoto

1993-01-01

Pada pintu air pembangkit listrik tenaga air umumnya dipasang pengauat-penguat (girder). Tujuannya agar pintu air kuat dalam menahan tekanan air. Tekanan air yang diderita oleh pintu air cukup besar karena dipasang pada kedalaman + 50 meter di bawah permukaan air. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah menentukan posisi atau letak girder pada pintu air.

Estimation of air quality by air pollution indices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liblik, Valdo; Kundel, Helmut

1999-01-01

A novel system for estimating the quality of atmospheric air in the over-ground air layer with the help of air pollution indices was developed. The method is based on a comparison of measured or calculated maximum short-term concentrations and average annual concentrations of pollutants with maximum permissible concentrations (with regard to human beings and vegetation). Special air quality estimation scales for residential areas and natural systems are presented. On the basis of the concentration of the substance under study zones of very high, high, rather high, moderate, low and very low air pollution were distinguished in the over-ground layer of the atmosphere. These are projected to land surface for landscape zonation. The application of the system of indices is demonstrated in the analysis of air quality for the towns of Kohtla-Jarve, Johvi and Kivioli (in 1997-1998). A comparative analysis of the air pollution zones distinguished on the basis of emissions and data from bio monitoring yielded satisfactory results. The system of air pollution indices developed enables to process the results of air monitoring in case of pollution fields of complicated composition so that the result for estimating the quality of ambient air in a residential area is easily understood by inhabitants and interpretable with the help of a special scale; analyse temporal changes in the quality of the air in towns, villages and other residential areas and use the results as basis for developing measures for reducing the pollution of ambient air; carry out zonation of large territories on the basis of air pollution levels (spatial air pollution zones are projected on the ground surface) and estimate air quality in places where air monitoring is lacking to forecast the possible effect of air pollution on natural systems (author)

Air ejector augmented compressed air energy storage system

Science.gov (United States)

Ahrens, F.W.; Kartsounes, G.T.

Energy is stored in slack demand periods by charging a plurality of underground reservoirs with air to the same peak storage pressure, during peak demand periods throttling the air from one storage reservoir into a gas turbine system at a constant inlet pressure until the air presure in the reservoir falls to said constant inlet pressure, thereupon permitting air in a second reservoir to flow into said gas turbine system while drawing air from the first reservoir through a variable geometry air ejector and adjusting said variable geometry air ejector, said air flow being essentially at the constant inlet pressure of the gas turbine system.

Enhancing indoor air quality -The air filter advantage.

Science.gov (United States)

Vijayan, Vannan Kandi; Paramesh, Haralappa; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Dalal, Alpa Anil Kumar

2015-01-01

Air pollution has become the world's single biggest environmental health risk, linked to around 7 million deaths in 2012 according to a recent World Health Organisation (WHO) report. The new data further reveals a stronger link between, indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure and cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and ischemic heart disease, as well as between air pollution and cancer. The role of air pollution in the development of respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, is well known. While both indoor and outdoor pollution affect health, recent statistics on the impact of household indoor pollutants (HAP) is alarming. The WHO factsheet on HAP and health states that 3.8 million premature deaths annually - including stroke, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are attributed to exposure to household air pollution. Use of air cleaners and filters are one of the suggested strategies to improve indoor air quality. This review discusses the impact of air pollutants with special focus on indoor air pollutants and the benefits of air filters in improving indoor air quality.

Air Consumption Analysis of Air-Jet Weaving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RAJ KUMAR KHIANI

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In Textile industry, production is mostly key concern for Industry owner. This always has attracted researchers and machines manufacturers to make new developments in process and machines. Air-jet is one of the leading and successful highest productive weaving machines. However, it is now well established that due to add of charges of compressed air, manufacturing cost of air-jet weaving machine is higher as compared with rapier and projectile weaving machines. This is why countries having energy issues do not prefer air-jet weaving machines comparing projectile weaving machines. In this regard, several researchers and machine manufacturers have continuously been working to improve the efficiency of air-jet weft insertion. However, industry practice is as important as design made by researchers. The aim of this research is to investigate the air consumption of air-jet weaving on industrial scale practice. In this study, five weaving machine of same manufacturer and model were selected. It was observed that despite of manufacturing same quality of fabric, air consumption was varying almost in all weaving machines. Conventionally, mill workers adopt hit and trial practice in weaving industry including airpressure setting which leads to variation of nozzle pressure. Main reason of disparity of air consumption in air-jet weaving machines may be variation of distance from compressor to weaving machines, number of joints, un-necessary valve opening and pipes leakages cause an increase of compressed air consumption.

Manual for THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Steen Solvang; Ketzel, Matthias; Brandt, Jørgen

The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS.......The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS....

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Rat and Shrew Populations Using rpoB Gene and Its Spatial Distribution in Boyolali District

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Dyah Widiastuti

2016-08-01

Ngemplak dan Desa Jeron Kecamatan Nogosari, Kabupaten Boyolali. Pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction dilakukan pada 104 sampel ginjal tikus dari dua lokasi penelitian. Analisis spasial sederhana dilakukan untuk memetakan sebaran tikus yang positif Leptospira. Terdapat enam sampel positif gen rpoB Leptospira pada Rattus tanezumi, Rattus argentiventer dan Suncus murinus. Lima dari keenam sampel menunjukkan hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat dengan Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe berdasarkan gen rpoB. Satu isolat tidak memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan serovar manapun yang masuk dalam cluster. Analisis spasial berdasarkan jarak aktivitas harian tikus menunjukkan tikus positif Leptospira ditemukan berada dalam kisaran 30 meter dan 150 meter dari penderita leptospirosis.

PROPORSI BAGIAN TUBUH DAN KADAR PROKSIMAT IKAN GABUS PADA BERBAGAI UKURAN

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Ruddy - Suwandi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Ikan gabus (Channa striata merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang sudah banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Ikan gabus hidup di muara sungai, danau, rawa, dan dapat pula hidup di air kotor dengan kadar oksigen rendah. Ikan gabus belum banyak dibudidayakan secara luas dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai produk olahan ikan. Informasi mengenai proporsi tubuh ikan gabus masih kurang dan belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsi bagian-bagian tubuh ikan dan komposisi kimia daging ikan gabus pada berbagai ukuran (0,5 kg; 1 kg; dan 2 kg dan jenis kelamin. Prosedur yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengukuran proporsi tubuh ikan dan analisis proksimat. Ikan gabus betina memiliki rendemen daging yang lebih tinggi dibanding ikan gabus jantan. Rendemen terbesar terdapat pada daging dengan bobot tubuh ikan 2 kg. Kadar air dan kadar abu tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus jantan 0,5 kg yaitu 80,41% dan 1,47%. Kadar protein tertinggi yaitu 20,14% terdapat pada ikan gabus betina 1 kg. Kadar lemak tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus jantan 2 kg yaitu sebesar 1,69%. Kadar karbohidrat tertinggi terdapat pada ikan gabus betina 2 kg yaitu 2,71%.Kata kunci: ikan gabus, proksimat, proporsi tubuh

PENYERAPAN KARBON PADA BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Gracilaria gigas DI PERAIRAN TELUK GERUPUK, LOMBOK TENGAH, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erlania Erlania

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Pengikatan karbon oleh algae fotoautotrofik berpotensi untuk mengurangi pelepasan CO2 ke atmosfer dan dapat membantu mencegah percepatan terjadinya pemanasan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat penyerapan karbon pada budidaya rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Gracilaria gigas berdasarkan aktivitas fotosintesis serta variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhinya. Budidaya rumput laut dilakukan dengan metode long-line di perairan Teluk Gerupuk, Lombok Tengah pada satu unit long-line dengan luas area 1.250 m2. Selama penelitian, dilakukan pengujian terhadap sampel rumput laut dan sampel air laut dari lokasi budidaya yang diambil pada hari ke-0, 10, 20, 30, dan 45 pemeliharaan. Laju penyerapan karbon total berdasarkan biomassa panen pada G. gigas hampir 300% lebih tinggi dibandingkan K. alvarezii. Selain itu, laju pertumbuhan dan produksi karbohidrat pada G. gigas juga lebih tinggi, yang mengindikasikan laju fotosintesis yang lebih tinggi, dan didukung oleh indeks percabangan yang juga lebih tinggi. Potensi penyerapan karbon di perairan Teluk Gerupuk mencapai 6.656,51 ton C/tahun untuk budidaya K. Alvarezii dan 19.339,02 ton C/tahun untuk budidaya G. gigas. Penyerapan karbon berhubungan dengan kandungan pigmen dan laju pertumbuhan rumput laut, serta konsentrasi CO2 dan kecerahan perairan.

AirPEx: Air Pollution Exposure Model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Freijer JI; Bloemen HJTh; Loos S de; Marra M; Rombout PJA; Steentjes GM; Veen MP van; LBO

1997-01-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The

Air Research

Science.gov (United States)

EPA's air research provides the critical science to develop and implement outdoor air regulations under the Clean Air Act and puts new tools and information in the hands of air quality managers and regulators to protect the air we breathe.

ANALISIS CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli ANALISIS CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli ANALISIS CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli

OpenAIRE

ANGGREINI, RAHAYU

2015-01-01

2015 RAHAYU ANGGREINI coli Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi cemaran bakteri E. coli O157:H7 pada daging sapi di kota Makassar. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 72 sampel Kata Kunci : Daging sapi, pasar tradisional, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, kontaminasi bakteri, identifikasi E. coli O157:H7.

Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell

Science.gov (United States)

Shelekhin, Alexander B. (Inventor); Bushnell, Calvin L. (Inventor); Pien, Michael S. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

An air-cooled, hydrogen-air solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly operatively associated with a fluid flow plate having at least one plate cooling channel extending through the plate and at least one air distribution hole extending from a surface of the cathode flow field into the plate cooling channel.

PHASE CHANGES ON 4H AND 6H SIC AT HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Setiawan

2016-10-01

-016-4971 card.  Diffraction pattern on 46S also showed lattice parameter, composition and crystallite size changes.  The lattice parameter changes not significant.  For 6S and 46S sam-ples at 1400 oC, the 6H-SiC phase changes into other phases more than 50 % from its original weight percentage. Keywords: silicon carbide, 4H-SiC, 6H-SiC, oxidation, high temperature. ABSTRAK PERUBAHAN FASA 4H DAN 6H SIC YANG TEROKSIDASI PADA TEMPERATUR TINGGI.  Telah dilakukan proses oksidasi pada silikon karbida yang mengadung fasa 6H dan silikon karbida yang mengandung fasa 4H dan 6H.  Silikon karbida merupakan keramik non oksida dengan sifat-sifat unggulnya yang sangat potensial digunakan dalam dunia industri.  Dalam industri nuklir silikon karbida digunakan sebagai bahan struktur kelongsong pada bahan bakar reaktor air ringan light water reactor (LWR dan sebagai pelapis pada kernel bahan bakar reaktor gas temperatur tinggi (RGTT.  Pada studi ini dilakukan simulasi oksidasi silikon karbida pada kernel apabila terjadi kegagalan pada pipa pendingin utamanya. Sampel dibentuk dari serbuk silikon karbida yang di pres hingga berbentuk pelet dengan diameter 12,7 mm dan ketebalan 1.0 mm kemudian dioksidasi pada temperatur 1000 oC, 1200 oC dan 1400 oC selama 1 jam.  Sampel sebelum dan setelah dioksidasi dilakukan penimbangan dan pengujian difraksi sinar-X menggunakan Difraktometer Panalytical Empyrean dengan Cu sebagai sumber sinar-X.  Analisis pola difraksi dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi General Structure Analysis System (GSAS, dengan hasil yang diperoleh adalah perubahan parameter kisi dan kandungan fasa SiC-nya.  Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel yang teroksidasi mengalami peningkatan berat.  Oksidasi sampel 6S menyebabkan kenaikan berat tertinggi pada temperatur 1200 oC, sedangkan sampel 46S memiliki berat dengan kecenderungan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya temperatur oksidasi.  Analisis pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa fasa domi-nan yang terbentuk pada sampel

Potensi Material Sampah Combustible pada Zona Pasif TPA Jatibarang Semarang sebagai Bahan Baku RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irma Natasya Hutabarat

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah timbulan sampah menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan pada TPA Jatibarang. Untuk menghindari terjadinya kekurangan lahan perlu dilakukan penanganan pada sampah yakni dengan mengubah sampah menjadi sumber energi seperti bahan baku RDF (Refused Derived Fuel. RDF merupakan salah satu teknik penanganan sampah dengan mengubah sampah menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat yaitu bahan bakar. Sampah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku RDF dengan cara menganalisis nilai kalor yang dihasilkan. Untuk menganalisis nilai kalor pada sampah combustible zona pasif TPA Jatibarang dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengujian sampel sebanyak 100 gram dengan alat bom kalorimeter. Sampel tersebut diambil pada kedalaman 0-3 m dengan metode random sampling. Kemudian akan didapat nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut. Nilai Kalor Tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut sebesar 5,25 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 0-1 m, 5,76 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 1-2 m dan 6,31 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 2-3 m. Nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampah combustible tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah kedalaman sampah maka akan semakin tinggi nilai kalor yang dihasilkan dan sampah tersebut berpotensi sebagai bahan baku RDF.

Identifikasi Gen Transgenik pada Produk Susu Bubuk Kedelai dan Susu Formula Soya dengan Metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustin Krisna Wardani

2018-01-01

  Kebutuhan kedelai yang mencapai 2,2 juta ton/tahun memaksa Indonesia mengimpor sebanyak 1,62 juta ton. Sebagian besar kedelai impor berupa kedelai transgenik. Dengan munculnya kedelai transgenik di Indonesia, perlu adanya pelabelan Produk Rekayasa Genetika (PRG untuk memenuhi hak-hak konsumen. Teknik yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi PRG salah satunya menggunakan metode PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gen transgenik pada produk susu bubuk kedelai dan formula soya, sehingga produk dapat digolongkan sebagai PRG atau tidak. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu annealing optimum pada primer yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan suhu annealing optimum primer CaMV 35S promotor adalah 60oC. Sedangkan untuk primer gen EPSPS-CP4 suhu annealing optimumnya 59oC. Untuk primer NOS terminator suhu annealing optimum tidak ditemukan. Dari amplifikasi DNA sampel, 6 sampel susu bubuk kedelai dan 5 sampel formula soya terdapat sisipan gen EPSPS-CP4 dan gen Promotor CaMV 35S. Dengan demikian 11 sampel tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai PRG.   Kata kunci: Produk rekayasa genetika; PCR; formula soya; susu kedelai bubuk; kedelai transgenik

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT DELAY PADA PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIC DI BEJ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reni Yendrawati

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Timeliness represented a very important matter in determining financial statementvalue. This research was purposed to investigate the influence of audit delay factors, namelycompany size, company that announced loss, level of company profitability, auditor’s opinionand industrial sector. Audit delay could affect the timeliness of accounting information releases,and it would be known that timeliness was associated with the market reaction to theinformation released. Sampels were selected by method of purposive sampling. Regressionanalysis was used to investigate audit delay factors. The results could be interpreted thataudit delays tended to be longer for the company that announced loss in non-manufacture’ssampel, auditor’s opinion in overall sampel and auditor’s opinion in non-manufacture’s sampel.

PENINGKATAN ASPEK PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MELALUI KOMIK BUSKI PADA TIGA DESA ENDEMIS FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA, TAHUN 2003

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anorital Anorital

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Fasciolopsiosis is worm disease which is caused Fasciolopsis buski. The disease is an endemic at some villages in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency with prevalence 1.2-7.8%.The patients are children with age around 1-15 years old. In the year 2002-2003 have been carried out a research "Model of Control Fasciolopsis buski at South Kalimantan with Socio-Cultural Approach". In the first year (2002 of research, the data base of epidemiological and socio-cultural aspect, with cross sectional research design, have been collected. And in the second year (2003 has been done the intervention to the basic school students in three villages (Kalumpang Dalam, Putat Atas, and Talaga Mas, by doing a health campaign using comic books with Banjar language (local language. To find out the intervention has success, the researcher evaluated parasitological and socio cultural data collecting, especially knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP aspect. Data collecting about KAP aspect was executed to the basic school students (grade 3-5. Total samples are 160 basic school students in those three villages. The result of parasitological data collecting in 3 villages after inten>ention is found a prevalence rate 5.2% positive fasciolopsiosis. There is decreased about 6.5% from 11.7% on the first year (2002 into 5.2% at second year (2003. The result of socio-cultural data collecting for KAP aspect as quantitative is found increase. There is knowledge increasing about the worm disease, where before intervention only 86.8% students who know the buski disease, and after intervention become 96.8%. While on practice aspect also increase, before intervention 73.1% basic school students use drugs worm (albendazol and 84.3% after intervention, before intervention 48.7% students never eat raw water plants, after intervention become 19.9%, before intervention 57.5% students wash their hands with soap but after intervention raised up become 85.0% (p<0,05. The Conclusion is there is

An experimental evaluation on air purification performance of Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air cleaner

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Sun, Yuexia

2018-01-01

was 96.8%, which indicated that the most of gaseous pollutants were not accumulated in the CAHP. The regeneration temperature for the wheel could affect the air purification performance of CAHP. At 70 °C of regeneration temperature, the air-cleaning efficiency reached 96.7%. Up to 70% of the outdoor air......The escalation of energy consumption in buildings and heightened concerns about acceptable indoor air quality stimulate interest in the usage of air cleaner as an adjunct for indoor environmental conditioning. A regenerative desiccant wheel integrated into a ventilation system termed Clean-Air Heat...... Pump (CAHP) can improve the air quality during the process of dehumidification without using additional energy. An experimental study in a field lab was performed to investigate the air cleaning performance of CAHP. Photoacoustic gas analyzer-INNOVA was used to characterize chemical removal of indoor...

AirData

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The AirData site provides access to yearly summaries of United States air pollution data, taken from EPA's air pollution databases. AirData has information about...

Can a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) maintain air purification capability when using polluted air for regeneration?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei

2018-01-01

Clean Air Heat Pump (CAHP) was one type of rotary desiccant cooling system which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, dehumidifying and cooling in buildings. Using exhaust air from the conditioned room for regeneration of the silica gel rotor might have an advantage...... on reducing the regeneration air temperature and further improving the energy performance of the CAHP. However, the exhaust air carried a lot of indoor air pollutants. Whether using exhaust air for the regeneration of the silica gel rotor had an impact on the air cleaning performance of the CAHP...... was experimentally studied. The results showed that using the air contained acetone or toluene for regeneration reduced the pollutants removal capability of CAHP with a reduction of approx. 10% in air cleaning efficiency. The energy performance of the CAHP when using exhaust air for regeneration was also evaluated...

Air Pollution

Science.gov (United States)

Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, ... Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's ...

Reduced energy reqirement for air conditioning by using air diffusion with air flow from floor to ceiling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bach, H; Dittes, W; Mangelsdorf, R; Detzer, R; Jungbaeck, E; Fitzner, K; Radtke, W; Soethout, F

1982-02-01

The condition of the air in the occupied zone in airconditioned rooms is influenced by the mixing of supply air with room air. When supplying air from the ceiling there is a mixing all over the room, when supplying from the floor or from desks there is a mixing region only in the lower area. Above this their is warm air from which the return air is drawn. For air supply from below the cooling load can be decreased. In combination with the possible enthalpy difference between room air and supply air this decrease of the cooling load influences the necessary air rate. The interdependence of various air conditioning systems and various air temperatures is shown with a computer program. The load factor for various air distribution system at various cooling loads have been measured in a room of (8 x 5)m/sup 2/ x 3m. Experiments in a smaller model room (scale 1:3) showed how the heat was transported from the mixing region to the stratification region. The theoretically gained influence of the supply air jets of the height of the mixing region and on the load rate could be verified by the experiments. For the design of the fresh air rate, experience has been gained by measurements with tracegas (N/sub 2/O) in a third room. In comparing calculations the annual energy consumption has been computed for a building assuming various air conditioning systems and typical operation data. From experience with the existing systems the conclusions have been drawn how air distribution from floor to ceiling can be installed and operated.

Air Pollution Monitoring | Air Quality Planning & Standards ...

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-08

The basic mission of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is to preserve and improve the quality of our nation's air. To accomplish this, OAQPS must be able to evaluate the status of the atmosphere as compared to clean air standards and historical information.

PENDEKATAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING DENGAN STRATEGI GAMES COMPETITION SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eka jaya puta utama

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penggunaan pendekatan Cooperative Learning dengan Strategi  Games Competition dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu Materi Sejarah kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sungai Raya?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas.  Subyek dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sungai Raya tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket, panduan observasi, panduan wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penellitian ini adalah Analisis hasil penelitian digambarkan dengan cara menggunakan triangulasi data. Indikator keberhasilan didasarkan dari kisi-kisi pengamatan aktivitas siswa yang meliputi :1 semangat siswa untuk mengikuti pembelajaran, 2 keaktifan dalam  menyelesaikan tugas  membuat pertanyaan dan jawaban, 3 keaktifan dalam menjawab pertanyaan, 4 keaktifan dalam menanggapi atas pertanyaan dari kelompok lain, 5 kerjasama dalam kelompok dalam menyelesaikan tugas berkompetisi dengan kelompok lain.Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa Pembelajaran IPS menggunakan pendekatan cooperative learning dengan strategi Games Competition dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kela VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sungai Raya, yaitu peningkatan aktifitas belajar siswa secara klasikal yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 65 % dan pada Siklus II sebesar 85 %, hal ini berarti ada peningkatan sebesar 20%. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan cooperative learning dengan strategi Games Competition dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk aktif dalam mengungkapkan pendapat, menghargai pendapat orang lain,berani bertanya, menanggapi, belajar berkompetisi secara jujur, serta mampu menumbuhkan rasa solidaritas siswa.

A sedimentation study in the Muda catchment area using nuclear techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamarudin Samuding; Wan Zakaria Wan Muhamad Tahir; Roslan Mohd Ali; Juhari Yusuf

2002-01-01

A study on the sediment size distribution and determination of sediment density profile was conducted in a selected area of the Muda Dam catchment area, Kedah. The objective of the study was to establish baseline data of the input sedimentation with regard to the effects of development within the catchment in the future. Three main sampling locations were identified, namely at Sungai Teliang, Sungai Muda and the Muda Reservoir. Results showed that the grain size distribution of sediment generally ranged from clay to gravel size. In the reservoir and downstream the river, most of the samples studied consisted of fine sediment Le, silt and clay (< 63 μm). However, sediment distribution in the upstream section of Sungai Teliang mainly consisted of fine to coarse sand. Based on the sediment distribution profile analysis, the study site could be divided into two parts comprising the dynamic area (region) covering selected locations along the river and the deposited sediment in the reservoir. Measurement of sediment thickness was performed using nuclear gauges, i.e. direct transmission and backscattering methods. The result also showed that the thickness of bed sediment varied from one location to another, whereby the thickness variation could reach up to 0.75 metre in some areas. This study could assist local authorities (AMDA) in identifying the rates and sources of accumulated sediment as well as quality and quantity of water in the study area in order to sustain distribution of good quality water to the farmers. (Author)

PENGARUH KEDALAMAN AIR TERHADAP SHORT TERM MEMORY DAN KONSUMSI ENERGI PADA PENYELAM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rini Dharmastiti

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini akan melihat pengaruh kedalaman air terhadap short term memory dan konsumsi energi penyelam. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 10 mahasiswa pria dan 5 wanita. Pengukuran performansi short term memory dilakukan dengan cara setiap obyek diperlihatkan deretan 7 angka acak yang diberikan selama 5 detik dan setelah 15 detik kemudian dilakukan pemanggilan kembali informasi yang baru saja diberikan. Setiap obyek diuji sebangak 30 kali untuk setiap kedalaman (1 m; 2,5 m; dan 4 m. Pengukuran konsumsi energi dilakukan dengan menghitung denyut jantung menggunakan metode palpasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin meningkat kedalaman air, maka performasi short term memory penyelam tersebut semakin menurun.  Penurunan ini berlaku untuk pria dan wanita. Penambahan kedalaman ini juga meningkatkan konsumsi energi baik pada pria maupun wanita. Perbedaan jenis kelamin mempengaruhi performansi short term memory secara signifikan. Pria memiliki performansi rata-rata short term memory sebesar 91,67% pada kedalaman 1 m, 90,67% pada kedalaman 2,5 m, dan 86,33% pada kedalaman 4 m. Sedangkan wanita memiliki performansi rata-rata sebesar 86% pada kedalaman 1 m, 84% pada kedalaman 2,5 m, dan 80,67% pada kedalaman 4 m. Rata-rata konsumsi energi pria adalah 3,19 kkal, 3,34 kkal, dan 3,65 kkal pada kedalaman 1 m; 2,5 m; dan 4 m berturut-turut. Sedangkan rata-rata konsumsi energi wanita adalah 3,81 kkal, 4,07 kkal, dan 4,54 kkal pada kedalaman yang sama dengan pria.     Kata kunci : tekanan, kedalaman air, performansi short term memory, konsumsi energi.       This research is to observe water depth effects on short term memory and energy expenditure of diver. This research objects are 10 male and 5 female students. Short term memory performance measurement held by every object has been shown 7 random numerics (as information for 5 seconds and after 15 seconds later they write down the information on a paper. Every object got 30 tests for every

Studi Geokimia Mineral Serisit pada Endapan Tembaga Sangkaropi dan Rumanga Sulawesi Selatan

OpenAIRE

Irvan Ria, Ulva

2012-01-01

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui proses alterasi terhadap pembentukan mineral serisit pada endapan tembaga, (2) mengetahui penyebab perbedaan konsentrasi tembaga di Sangkaropi dan Rumanga. Penelitian lapangan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada endapan tembaga yang tersingkap di daerah Sangkaropi dan Rumanga, Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah kuantitatif ex post facto. Data mineralogi dan geokimia diperoleh dari analisis sampel batuan menggunakan mikroskop ...

Perbandingan Gratification Sought Dan Gratification Obtained Pendengar Terhadap Program Stasiun Radio (Studi Komparatif tentang Motif dan Kepuasan Pendengar terhadap Program Stasiun Radio Kiss FM dan Prambors Medan di Kalangan Mahasiswa FISIP USU

OpenAIRE

Hutapea, Darma Lestari

2011-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kepuasan ynag dicari (gratification sought) dan kepuasan yang diperoleh (gratification obtained) pendengar radio Kiss FM dan Prambors FM Medan dengan menggunakan perspektif Uses and Gratification. Model ini menekankan bahwa khalayak adalah pihak yang aktif terhadap penggunaan media. Khalayak bebas mengkonsumsi media yang disukainya. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Jumlah sampel y...

Analisa Experiential Marketing Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Dengan Variabel Customer Experience Sebagai Variabel Perantara Di Ciputra Waterpark Surabaya

OpenAIRE

setiawan, sally eva; michelle, gabriella; japarianto, edwin

2014-01-01

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh experiential Marketing terhadap customer loyalty melalui customer experience. Desain penelitian kausal. Variabel penelitian adalah experiential Marketing (sense, feel, think, act, dan relate), customer experience, dan customer loyalty. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 190 sampel dan teknik analisis menggunakan structural equation model. Pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan variabel feel dan relate yang berpengaruh terhadap customer experience dan c...

Pengaruh Relationship Marketing terhadap Loyalitas Pengguna Kartu KFC Music Httter pada KFC Sudirman Pekanbaru

OpenAIRE

Nursanti, Aida

2011-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variabelrelationship marketing yang ditinjau dari variabel kepercayaan, komunikasi,shared value dan empati terhadap loyalitas pengguna kartu KFC Music Hitterpada KFC Sudirman Pekanbaru.Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non probabilitysampling (purpossive sampling), dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniberjumlah 97orang yang telah menjadi anggota KFC Music Hitter. Dalampenelitian ini variabel bebasny...

Analisis Perceived Quality, Perceived Value, Switching Cost dan Kepuasan sebagai Pembentuk Loyalitas Nasabah” (Studi Nasabah di Bri Cabang Solo Slamet Riyadi)

OpenAIRE

Dewi, Maya Trisna

2012-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) pengaruh perceived value terhadap customer satisfaction, 2) pengaruh perceived quality terhadap customer satisfaction, 3) pengaruh customer satisfaction terhadap customer loyalty, 4) pengaruh customer satisfaction terhadap switching cost, 5) pengaruh switching cost terhadap customer loyalty. Penelitian ini dilakukan di BRI Cabang Solo Slamet Riyadi dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 110 responden. Metode sampel dengan purposive sampling. Hasil ...

Analisa Pengaruh Advertising Awareness Terhadap Brand Equity Dengan Brand Awareness Dan Brand Image Sebagai Variabel Intervening Dengan Studi Kasus Iklan Indomie Goreng Kuah Di Youtube

OpenAIRE

Gunawan, Vincent Jonathan

2016-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Advertising Awareness dan Brand Equity terhadap brand image dan brand awareness sebagai variable intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan software PLS. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Advertising Awareness berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Brand Awareness (1), Brand Awareness berpenga...

ANALISIS RASIO ALTMAN MODIFIKASI PADA PREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

OpenAIRE

Anita Tri Widiyawati; Supri Wahyudi Utomo; Nik Amah

2015-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio Altman Modifikasi terhadap prediksi kebangkrutan. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel sejumlah 32 perusahaan property dan real estate yang menerbitkan laporan keuangannya selama tahun 2011-2013. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi logisti...

The quality of Metroxylon Sago sucker: morphology and uptake of manganese and iron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nashriyah Mat; Abdul Khalik Wood; Ramli Ishak

2001-01-01

Metroxylon sago or sagopalm is an important source of carbohydrate for the South East Asian countries, apart from rice. In Malaysia, wild sagopalm grows in Sarawak in its natural habitats, the coastal peat swamp. The quality of sucker growing vegetatively on sagopalm was studied at Sungai Talau experimental station, Dalat plantation and Oya/Mukah plantation in Sarawak. The coefficients of variability (C) and Index of similiarity (I) were calculated based on sucker morphology and uptake of manganese and iron, The matrix of hypothetical exact interpoint distances (Indices of Similarity and Dissimilarity) shows that sucker on matured sagopalm at Sungai Talam experimental station was a high quality, sucker on 5 years old sagopalm at Mukah sago plantation was approximately one-third as good, whereas sucker on 1.5 years old sagopalm at Oya/dalat sago plantation was of inferior quality. (Author)

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

Metal-air batteries with high energy density: Li-air versus Zn-air

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jang-Soo; Sun, Tai Kim; Cao, Ruiguo; Choi, Nam-Soon; Lee, Kyu Tae; Cho, Jaephil [Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea, Republic of); Liu, Meilin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

2011-01-01

In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the field of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not sufficient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Nitrogen fluorescence in air for observing extensive air showers

CERN Document Server

Keilhauer, B; Fraga, M; Matthews, J; Sakaki, N; Tameda, Y; Tsunesada, Y; Ulrich, A

2012-01-01

Extensive air showers initiate the fluorescence emissions from nitrogen molecules in air. The UV-light is emitted isotropically and can be used for observing the longitudinal development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere over tenth of kilometers. This measurement technique is well-established since it is exploited for many decades by several cosmic ray experiments. However, a fundamental aspect of the air shower analyses is the description of the fluorescence emission in dependence on varying atmospheric conditions. Different fluorescence yields affect directly the energy scaling of air shower reconstruction. In order to explore the various details of the nitrogen fluorescence emission in air, a few experimental groups have been performing dedicated measurements over the last decade. Most of the measurements are now finished. These experimental groups have been discussing their techniques and results in a series of \\emph{Air Fluorescence Workshops} commenced in 2002. At the 8$^{\\rm{th}}$ Air Fluoresc...

DESAIN VEGETASI BERNILAI KONSERVASI DAN EKONOMI PADA KAWASAN PENYANGGA SISTEM TATA AIR DAS BOLANGO (Designing of Vegetation which Conservation and Economic Values in the Buffer Area of Water System at the Bolango Watershed

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danang Wahyu Purnomo

2016-02-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Perencanaan pembangunan arboretum di DAS Bolango dengan konsep konservasi dan ekonomi perlu dilakukan karena DAS ini memiliki peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan rekomendasi tentang komposisi dan struktur vegetasi penyusun hutan pada kawasan arboretum sebagai pemelihara mata air Sungai Bolango. Penelitian dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi sumber mata air, tanah, dan kondisi vegetasi eksisting. Metode wawancara kepada masyarakat setempat dilakukan untuk mendukung data etnobotani. Kajian lahan dilakukan antara lain tata guna, kelas kemampuan, konsep pengelolaan, kesesuaian lahan, dan penentuan vegetasinya. Hasil identifikasi sumber mata air menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 lokasi yang potensial dibangun arboretum, yaitu Desa Meranti Kecamatan Tapa Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Desa Dulamayo Selatan Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo, dan Desa Mongiilo Kecamatan Bolango Ulu Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Berdasarkan data kualitas tanah, ketiga lokasi memiliki media perakaran yang cukup baik untuk tanaman budi daya. Secara umum, semua jenis tanaman budi daya sesuai untuk ditanam di ketiga lokasi arboretum. Perlu dilakukan pembuatan teras dan penerapan pola tanam konservasi yang mengaplikasikan tanaman penutup tanah (cover crop, tanaman budi daya, dan pohon penyusun hutan. Selain itu, perlu pemberian pupuk organik berupa kompos dan pupuk kandang.   ABSTRACT Arboretum development planning in Bolango Watershed using concept of conservation and economy is conducted because the watershed has an important role in people's lives around. This study aims to provide recommendations about composition and structure of forest vegetation in the arboretum area for conserving of Bolango River’s water springs. The study began by identifying the source of the springs, soil, and the existing vegetation. Interview to local communities was conducted to support the data of ethnobotany. Land observation was studied

[Microbial air purity in hospitals. Operating theatres with air conditioning system].

Science.gov (United States)

Krogulski, Adam; Szczotko, Maciej

2010-01-01

The aim of this study was to show the influence of air conditioning control for microbial contamination of air inside the operating theatres equipped with correctly working air-conditioning system. This work was based on the results of bacteria and fungi concentration in hospital air obtained since 2001. Assays of microbial air purity conducted on atmospheric air in parallel with indoor air demonstrated that air filters applied in air-conditioning systems worked correctly in every case. To show the problem of fluctuation of bacteria concentration more precisely, every sequences of single results from successive measure series were examined independently.

AIRS-only Product on Giovanni for Exploring Up-to-date AIRS Observation and Comparing with AIRS+AMSU Product

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, F.; Hearty, T. J., III; Theobald, M.; Vollmer, B.; Wei, J.

2017-12-01

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has been the home of processing, archiving, and distribution services for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) mission since its launch in 2002 for the global observations of the atmospheric state. Giovanni, a web-based application developed by the GES DISC, provides a simple and intuitive way to visualize, analyze, and access vast amounts of Earth science remote sensing data without having to download the data. Most important variables, including temperature and humidity profiles, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud properties, and trace gases, from version 6 AIRS product are available on Giovanni. The AIRS is an instrument suite comprised of a hyperspectral infrared instrument AIRS and two multichannel microwave instruments, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB). As the HSB ceased operation in very early stage of AIRS mission, the AIRS project operates two parallel retrieval algorithms: one using both IR and MW measurements (AIRS+AMSU) and the other using only IR measurements (AIRS-only) for the most time of the mission. The AIRS+AMSU product is better and the variables on Giovanni are from it. However, the generation of AIRS+AMSU product has been suspended since the AMSU instrument anomaly occurred in late 2016. To continue exploring up-to-date AIRS observations, the same set of variables from the AIRS-only product are added on Giovanni by the GES DSIC. This will also support the comparison of AIRS-only with AIRS+AMSU retrievals. In the presentation, we will demonstrate the visualization of AIRS-only product and the plots/statistics of comparison with AIRS+AMSU product using Giovanni.

A new air quality monitoring and early warning system: Air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhongshan; Wang, Jian

2017-10-01

Air pollution in many countries is worsening with industrialization and urbanization, resulting in climate change and affecting people's health, thus, making the work of policymakers more difficult. It is therefore both urgent and necessary to establish amore scientific air quality monitoring and early warning system to evaluate the degree of air pollution objectively, and predict pollutant concentrations accurately. However, the integration of air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction to establish an air quality system is not common. In this paper, we propose a new air quality monitoring and early warning system, including an assessment module and forecasting module. In the air quality assessment module, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to determine the main pollutants and evaluate the degree of air pollution more scientifically. In the air pollutant concentration prediction module, a novel hybridization model combining complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, a modified cuckoo search and differential evolution algorithm, and an Elman neural network, is proposed to improve the forecasting accuracy of six main air pollutant concentrations. To verify the effectiveness of this system, pollutant data for two cities in China are used. The result of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation shows that the major air pollutants in Xi'an and Jinan are PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively, and that the air quality of Xi'an is better than that of Jinan. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed hybrid model is remarkably superior to all benchmark models on account of its higher prediction accuracy and stability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Indoor air quality investigation at air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned markets in Hong Kong

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, H.; Lee, S.C.; Chan, L.Y.

2004-01-01

To characterize indoor air quality at the markets in Hong Kong, three non-air-conditioned and two air-conditioned markets were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants measured included PM 10 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm), total bacteria count (TBC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The indoor and outdoor concentrations of these target air pollutants at these markets were measured and compared. The effects of air conditioning, temperature/relative humidity variation and different stalls on the indoor air quality were also investigated. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of PM 10 , TBC, CO and NO 2 at the markets were below the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objectives (HKIAQO) standards with a few exceptions for PM 10 and TBC. The elevated PM 10 concentrations at Hung Hom, Ngau Tau Kok and Wan Chai markets were probably due to the air filtration of outdoor airborne particulates emitted from vehicular exhaust, whereas high concentrations of airborne bacteria at Sai Ying Pun and Tin Shing markets were linked to the use of air conditioning. Correlation analysis demonstrated that indoor bacteria concentrations were correlated with temperature and relative humidity. The operation of air conditioning did not significantly reduce the levels of air pollutants at the markets. However, the higher indoor/outdoor ratios demonstrated that the operation of air conditioning had influence on the levels of bacteria at the markets. It was found that average PM 10 concentration at poultry stalls was higher than the HKIAQO standard of 180 μg/m 3 , and was over two times that measured at vegetable, fish and meat stalls. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne bacteria at the poultry stalls was as high as 1031 CFU/m 3 , which was above the HKIAQO standard of 1000 CFU/m 3 . The bacteria levels at other three stalls were all below the HKIAQO standard

Pure Air`s Bailly scrubber: A four-year retrospective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manavi, G.B.; Vymazal, D.C. [Pure Air, Allentown, PA (United States); Sarkus, T.A. [Dept. of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1997-12-31

Pure Air`s Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization (AFGD) Clean Coal Project has completed four highly successful years of operation at NIPSCO`s Bailly Station. As part of their program, Pure Air has concluded a six-part study of system performance. This paper summarizes the results of the demonstration program, including AFGD performance on coals ranging from 2.0--2.4% sulfur. The paper highlights novel aspects of the Bailly facility, including pulverized limestone injection, air rotary sparger for oxidation, wastewater evaporation system and the production of PowerChip{reg_sign} gypsum. Operations and maintenance which have led to the facility`s notable 99.47% availability record are also discussed. A project company, Pure Air on the Lake Limited Partnership, owns the AFGD facility. Pure Air was the turn key contractor and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is the operator of the AFGD system.

Studi Pemanfaatan Catu Daya Hibrida PLTS 3,7 kWp Dan PLN Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Desa Pemecutan Kaja Denpasar Bali

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aries Arimbawa

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract—Pemecutan Kaja waste treatment plant (WTP was a community treatment plant located in one of Denpasar city ward to process sewerage produced by community members. The WTP uses radial flow anaerobic system which mainly consists of rabic pro and up flow tanks. The water produced by the WTP was released to nearby river as it already met envinronmental quality standard. The WTP was driven by an electric pump to circulate sewer material within the process flow. The pump was fed by hybrid power supply combining 3.7 kW solar PV and power from utility grid. The WTP was operated by village council of Pemecutan Kaja. The study presented here was result of firstly, evaluation on the utilization and performance of solar PV plant, and secondly, to propose managerial model that can manage the plant effectively and sustainably. The study found that daily average energy produced bythe PVplant was 23.59 kWh yielding cost of energy at IDR 7,766/kWh. Experiment to clean filters of the plant reduced daily energy consumption from 8.84 kWh to 3.05 kWh or 65%. Household that connected to the plant pay monthly subscription currently at IDR 10,000.  However, for sustainable operation of the plant, the household need to pay IDR 51,654. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar PV, Hybrid Power Supply, Waste Treatment, Managerial Model Abstrak—Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL Desa Pemecutan Kaja adalah IPAL yang terletak di salah satu lingkungan kota Denpasar yang berfungi untuk mengolah air limbah yang dihasilkan oleh anggota masyarakat. IPAL ini meggunakan sistem radial flow anaerobic yang terdiri tangki rabic pro dan tangki up flow filter. Air hasil pengolahan limbah dapat langsung disalurkan ke sungai karena sudah memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair. IPAL ini menggunakan pompa listrik untuk mengalirkan limbah menuju tangki penyaringan. Pompa ini mengunakan catu daya hibrida PLTS 3,7 kW dan PLN. IPAL ini dikelola langsung oleh masyarakat desa Pemecutan Kaja. Hasil

Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov., from the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary in Sarawak (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Dow, Rory A; Reels, Graham T

2018-02-15

Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov. (holotype ♂, from a tributary of Sungai Jela, Nanga Segerak area, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Sri Aman Division, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, 18 vii 2016, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London) is described from both sexes.

Heat Recovery Ventilation for Housing: Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers.

Science.gov (United States)

Corbett, Robert J.; Miller, Barbara

The air-to-air heat exchanger (a fan powered ventilation device that recovers heat from stale outgoing air) is explained in this six-part publication. Topic areas addressed are: (1) the nature of air-to-air heat exchangers and how they work; (2) choosing and sizing the system; (3) installation, control, and maintenance of the system; (4) heat…

Pola Proses Penyebaran dan Penerimaan Informasi Teknologi Kamera DSLR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sidiq Setyawan

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Abstrak   Kamera DSLR sebagai sebuah produk inovasi memiliki cara tersendiri untuk dapat diterima dan diadopsi oleh sebuah sistem sosial khususnya fotografer non profesional di Kota Solo. Difusi inovasi menjelaskan secara sistematis bagaimana sebuah produk inovasi DSLR disebarluaskan dan diterima oleh golongan inovasi di dalamnya. Sebagai sebuah bentuk komunikasi khusus, dalam teori difusi inovasi terdapat dua pokok utama kajian komunikasi, yakni bagaimana seorang komunikator maupun komunikan dalam golongan inovasi bertindak untuk menyebarkan pesan dan menerima pesan. Kedua pokok bahasan ini yang menjadi kunci bagaimana sebuah produk inovasi mampu efektif disebarkan dan diterima (diadopsi oleh golongan inovasi di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskiptif kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan metode studi kasus. Studi kasus cocok digunakan bila penelitian berkenaan dengan how dan why. Peneliti menjabarkan hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan dalam bentuk narasi. Sampel dari populasi yang diambil melalui proses teknik cuplikan dengan maximum variation sampling atau pengambilan sampel variasi maksimum. Selain menggunakan teknik sampel variasi maksimum, peneliti menggunakan teknik cuplikan snowball sampling. Peneliti mengambil sampel fotografer non profesional di Kota Solo. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui in-depth interview (wawancara mendalam dan observasi lingkungan terhadap sampel penelitian. Untuk validasi data, peneliti menggunakan triangulasi sumber Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa memiliki memiliki karakteristik dan saluran komunikasi komunikasi tersendiri ketika mereka menerima informasi mengenai inovasi dan memutuskan untuk mengadopsi teknologi tersebut. Hal ini misalnya bisa dilihat dari pemilihan media dalam berkomunikasi dan menggunakan berbagai media untuk referensi mengumpulkan informasi terkait dengan inovasi.   Kata kunci: difusi inovasi, innovator, early adopter, early majority, late majority, pola komunikasi.

Analisis Finansial Dan Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Serat Kelapa (Coco Fiber)

OpenAIRE

Sitohang, Adolf Paskaris

2016-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana proses produksi usaha serat kelapa, untuk menganalisis usaha serat kelapa (coco fiber) di Kecamatan Batang Kuis sudah layak atau tidak, untuk menjelaskan strategi pengembangan yang cocok untuk usaha serat kelapa (coco fiber) di Kecamatan Batang Kuis. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara secara purposive (sengaja) dan metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan pertimbangan bahwa responden/sampel penelitian adalah ...

Studi Perilaku Masyarakat Tentang Penanganan Sampah di Tinjau dari Aspek 3r di Lingkungan Perumahan Cendana Kelurahan Dulalowo Kecamatan Kota Tengah Tahun2012

OpenAIRE

Laysa, Sukmawati

2012-01-01

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai perilaku masyarakat tentang penanganan sampah[ ditinjau dari aspek 3R di lingkungan Perumahan Cendana. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara non random dengan teknik sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah sampel merupakan keseluruhan populasi yaitu 28 rumah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara univariat dengan menggambarkan masing-masing variabel melalui penskoran dan persentase pada variabel yang di...

Hubungan Self-esteem dan Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dengan Perilaku Narsisme di Kalangan Siswa Kelas VIII Smpk Penabur Bintaro Jaya

OpenAIRE

Wibowo, Yonatan; Silaen, Sondang Maria J

2018-01-01

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan self-esteem dan penggunaanmedia sosial Instagram dengan perilaku narsisme di kalangan siswa kelas VIII SMPK Penabur Bintaro Jaya.Dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga variabel, yaitu perilaku narsisme sebagai variabel terikat serta self-esteem danpenggunaan media sosial Instagram sebagai variabel bebas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelasdelapan tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitia...

Prinsip termodinamika dalam proses pendinginan sperma sapi (semen) beku

OpenAIRE

Kholifah, Kholifah; Bahari Nurdin, Wira; Harimei, Bambang; Yusuf, Muhammad

2016-01-01

Telah dilakukan penelitian prinsip termodinamika dalam proses pendinginan sperma sapi (semen) beku. Sperma sapi (semen) sebagai sampel utama dan besi sebagai sampel pembanding. Nitrogen cair sebagai bahan pendingin untuk membekukan semen dalam tangki kriogenik. Motility Analysis Semen dilakukan untuk mengetahui gerakan massa atau kualitas semen. Hasil Motility Analysis Semen menggunakan mikroskop menunjukkan bahwa semen Messi memiliki kualitas yang baik dengan gerakan massa (+++) dan semen Ro...

PENGARUH ROLE CONFLICT, ROLE AMBIGUITY, SELF-EFFICACY, SENSITIFITAS ETIKA PROFESI, GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR DENGAN EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

OpenAIRE

Meilda Wiguna

2015-01-01

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh role stress, role ambiguity, self-efficacy, sensitifitas etika profesi, gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja auditor dengan emotional quotient sebagai variabel moderating. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah para auditor yang bekerja di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Pekanbaru, Batam, Medan.Jumlah auditor yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini adalah 145 auditor dari 29 Kantor Akuntan Publik. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah purposi...

Pengaruh Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Self-efficacy, Sensitifitas Etika Profesi, Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Auditor dengan Emotional Quotient sebagai Variabel Moderating

OpenAIRE

Wiguna, Meilda

2014-01-01

: Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh role stress, role ambiguity, self-efficacy, sensitifitas etika profesi, gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja auditor dengan emotional quotient sebagai variabel moderating. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah para auditor yang bekerja di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Pekanbaru, Batam, Medan.Jumlah auditor yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini adalah 145 auditor dari 29 Kantor Akuntan Publik. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah purposive samp...

Strength of smoke-free air laws and indoor air quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kiyoung; Hahn, Ellen J; Robertson, Heather E; Lee, Seongjik; Vogel, Suzann L; Travers, Mark J

2009-04-01

Smoke-free air laws have been implemented in many Kentucky communities to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. The impact of different strengths of smoke-free air laws on indoor air quality was assessed. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two communities only after partial smoke-free air laws. One community was measured three times: before any smoke-free air law, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Real-time measurements of particulate matters with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM(2.5)) were obtained. When comprehensive smoke-free air laws were implemented, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations decreased significantly from 161 to 20 microg/m3. In one community that implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law after initially passing a partial law, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations were 304 microg/m3 before the law, 338 microg/m3 after the partial law, and 9 microg/m3 after the comprehensive law. The study clearly demonstrated that partial smoke-free air laws do not improve indoor air quality. A significant linear trend indicated that PM(2.5) levels in the establishments decreased with fewer numbers of burning cigarettes. Only comprehensive smoke-free air laws are effective in reducing indoor air pollution from secondhand tobacco smoke.

Air Abrasion

Science.gov (United States)

... Chapters What Is Air Abrasion? What Happens? The Pros and Cons Will I Feel Anything? Is Air ... will perform any procedures that use air-abrasion technology. Ask your dentist if he or she uses ...

The urban air; L'air de la ville

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

This paper presents the abstracts of conferences proposed during the meeting on the urban air, organized by the French Meteorological Society in november 2002. These conferences dealt with the air quality monitoring, the public health impacts, the air pollution in function of the meteorological effects, the pollutants, the main factors of the air quality and the models of the meteorology. (A.L.B.)

Tingkat Ketergantungan, Kompleksitas Pemerintah, dan Tingkat Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tiara Pandansari

2016-12-01

  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah di Jawa Tengah, serta menguji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Tingkat pengungkapan diukur dengan menggunakan Modified LGA Index, sedangkan sebagai variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah tingkat ketergantungan daerah, dan kompleksitas pemerintahan. Sampel penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling method, sehingga diperoleh ukuran sampel yaitu 32 laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengungkapan pada masing-masing sampel. Rata-rata nilai pengungkapan sebesar 58,46  persen. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Alokasi Umum dan tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Bagi Hasil berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengungkapan,  tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Alokasi Khusus, dan kompleksitas pemerintah tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah.

Released air during vapor and air cavitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jablonská, Jana, E-mail: jana.jablonska@vsb.cz; Kozubková, Milada, E-mail: milada.kozubkova@vsb.cz [VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Equipment, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba (Czech Republic)

2016-06-30

Cavitation today is a very important problem that is solved by means of experimental and mathematical methods. The article deals with the generation of cavitation in convergent divergent nozzle of rectangular cross section. Measurement of pressure, flow rate, temperature, amount of dissolved air in the liquid and visualization of cavitation area using high-speed camera was performed for different flow rates. The measurement results were generalized by dimensionless analysis, which allows easy detection of cavitation in the nozzle. For numerical simulation the multiphase mathematical model of cavitation consisting of water and vapor was created. During verification the disagreement with the measurements for higher flow rates was proved, therefore the model was extended to multiphase mathematical model (water, vapor and air), due to release of dissolved air. For the mathematical modeling the multiphase turbulence RNG k-ε model for low Reynolds number flow with vapor and air cavitation was used. Subsequently the sizes of the cavitation area were verified. In article the inlet pressure and loss coefficient depending on the amount of air added to the mathematical model are evaluated. On the basis of the approach it may be create a methodology to estimate the amount of released air added at the inlet to the modeled area.

Air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gugele, B.; Scheider, J.; Spangl, W.

2001-01-01

In recent years several regulations and standards for air quality and limits for air pollution were issued or are in preparation by the European Union, which have severe influence on the environmental monitoring and legislation in Austria. This chapter of the environmental control report of Austria gives an overview about the legal situation of air pollution control in the European Union and in specific the legal situation in Austria. It gives a comprehensive inventory of air pollution measurements for the whole area of Austria of total suspended particulates, ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, benzene, dioxin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and eutrophication. For each of these pollutants the measured emission values throughout Austria are given in tables and geographical charts, the environmental impact is discussed, statistical data and time series of the emission sources are given and legal regulations and measures for an effective environmental pollution control are discussed. In particular the impact of fossil-fuel power plants on the air pollution is analyzed. (a.n.)

Air pollution and the school air environment

OpenAIRE

Fsadni, Peter; Montefort, Stephen

2015-01-01

There is growing concern about the association of school indoor air quality (SIAQ) with asthma, rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. Students and school staff deserve the highest standards of school air quality to ensure a safe and productive environment for our children’s education. Existing studies highlight the presence of several air pollutants present within school classrooms that have a direct association with poor health and poor student performance. Very little data exist ab...

Notes on the discovery of Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar (Rafflesiaceae) in Taman Negara (National Park), Malaysia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Latiff, A.; Mat-Salleh, K.

2001-01-01

Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar was discovered in the vicinity of Sungai Pelenting in Taman Negara, Pahang, with a population of about 20 buds and a few flowers in full bloom. This is the first confirmed report of the species for the National Park, Malaysia.

Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Joel D.; Spalt, Elizabeth W.; Curl, Cynthia L.; Hajat, Anjum; Jones, Miranda R.; Kim, Sun-Young; Vedal, Sverre; Szpiro, Adam A.; Gassett, Amanda; Sheppard, Lianne; Daviglus, Martha L.; Adar, Sara D.

2016-01-01

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA—and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort—MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology. PMID:27741981

Status Pencemaran Lingkungan Sungai Badung dan Sungai Mati di Provinsi Bali Berdasarkan Bioindikator Phylum Annelida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mawardi Labbaik

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Water pollution is the entry or inclusion of substances, energy and other components into the water by human activities, so that water quality decrease to a certain level. This study a timed to monitor the pollution of aquatic environment in the Badung River and Mati River by using Annelida phylum as bioindicator, the study was conducted from February to March 2017. The data obtained were analyzed by the structure of the community, and also used ABC (Abudance-Biomass Comparison method. The result of the research showed that the most abundance of Annelida and dominant from all stations of Badung River and Mati River was Lumbriculus variegatus. Is showed that it contamination status was categorized as mild contamination because it was dominant by facultative organism. The structure of the Annelida community in the Badung River and Mati River with the value of the diversity index was categorized as low Annelida (H '<1.0. The uniformity index was categorized as depressed Annelida community (0.00

The influence of urban development and social mobility on socioeconomic level: The application of GIS on urban ecosystems

Science.gov (United States)

Suhaili Mansor, Nur; Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri, Helmi; Mansor, Shattri; Paradhan, Biswajeet

2014-06-01

Specifically, the integration between social sciences and natural science are fundamental in our understanding of the economic, social and technological transformations that have drastically changed the society. This study will be based on the municipality of Sungai Petani, Kedah as it has been most influenced by urbanization and urban development. Urban development in Sungai Petani is closely associated with a tremendous increase in demand for land, which is highly related to population growth, human movement and their social mobility. The qualitative case study taken will rely on the visual interpretation technique that would allow the researcher to develop a map of urban changes detection. The potential application of GIS information to estimate socioeconomic indicators and the modelling of socio-economic activities that are explored in this study is hoped to increase further our understanding of the impacts of development and urbanization on social life.

The influence of urban development and social mobility on socioeconomic level: The application of GIS on urban ecosystems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansor, Nur Suhaili; Shafri, Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd; Mansor, Shattri; Paradhan, Biswajeet

2014-01-01

Specifically, the integration between social sciences and natural science are fundamental in our understanding of the economic, social and technological transformations that have drastically changed the society. This study will be based on the municipality of Sungai Petani, Kedah as it has been most influenced by urbanization and urban development. Urban development in Sungai Petani is closely associated with a tremendous increase in demand for land, which is highly related to population growth, human movement and their social mobility. The qualitative case study taken will rely on the visual interpretation technique that would allow the researcher to develop a map of urban changes detection. The potential application of GIS information to estimate socioeconomic indicators and the modelling of socio-economic activities that are explored in this study is hoped to increase further our understanding of the impacts of development and urbanization on social life

The Effects of Saltwater Intrusion to Flood Mitigation Project

Science.gov (United States)

Azida Abu Bakar, Azinoor; Khairudin Khalil, Muhammad

2018-03-01

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of saltwater intrusion to flood mitigation project located in the flood plains in the district of Muar, Johor. Based on the studies and designs carried out, one of the effective flood mitigation options identified is the Kampung Tanjung Olak bypass and Kampung Belemang bypass at the lower reaches of Sungai Muar. But, the construction of the Kampung Belemang and Tanjung Olak bypass, while speeding up flood discharges, may also increase saltwater intrusion during drought low flows. Establishing the dynamics of flooding, including replicating the existing situation and the performance with prospective flood mitigation interventions, is most effectively accomplished using computer-based modelling tools. The finding of this study shows that to overcome the problem, a barrage should be constructed at Sungai Muar to solve the saltwater intrusion and low yield problem of the river.

Kualitas Pengeringan Kayu Mahoni pada Berbagai Variasi Kerapatan Incising dengan Dua Skedul Pengeringan Suhu tinggi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomy Listyanto

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi variasi kerapatan incising dan dua skedul pengeringan terhadap kecepatan dan cacat-cacat pengeringan kayu mahoni, serta mengetahui pengaruh variasi kerapatan incising terhadap kekuatan lengkung statik kayu mahoni yang telah dikeringkan. Tiga pohon mahoni (Swietenia mahagony berdiameter 300-350 mm ditebang dan selanjutnya dibelah dan dibuat menjadi balok dengan ukuran 60 mm × 100 mm dengan panjang 500 mm untuk dijadikan sampel pengeringan. Di antara masing-masing bagian tersebut, dibuat sampel ukuran 20 mm × 20 mm × 25 mm, yang digunakan untuk penentu kadar air awal dan distribusinya. Sampel pengeringan selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 5 variasi kerapatan incising, yaitu 0 lubang/m2 (tanpa incising, 1000 lubang/m2, 2000 lubang/m2, 3000 lubang/m2, dan 4000 lubang/m2. Setiap variasi kerapatan incising selanjutnya akan dikeringkan dengan 2 skedul pengeringan, yaitu suhu pengeringan 100°C sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12% dan suhu 60°C pada 8 jam pertama dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan 100°C, sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12%. Paramater yang diamati adalah kecepatan pengeringan, cacat retak permukaan, dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan incising 3000-4000 lubang/m2 memberikan pengaruh yang cukup nyata di dalam mempercepat proses pengeringan dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Skedul pengeringan dan variasi kerapatan incising tidak berpengaruh pada retak permukaan. Pra perlakuan incising sampai batas 4000 lubang/m2 ini dapat diterapkan untuk mempercepat proses pengeringan dengan penurunan nilai modulus elastisitas dan modulus patah yang tidak berbeda nyata. Kata kunci: incising, pengeringan suhu tinggi, mahoni, lengkung statik, skedul pengeringan   Drying Quality of Mahoni Wood in Various Incising Densities and Two High Temperature-Drying Schedules Abstract The aims of this research were to investigate the effects of interaction

Air Baltic: Estonian Air on nurka surutud / Teele Tammeorg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tammeorg, Teele

2010-01-01

Air Balticu asepresidendi Janis Vanagsi hinnangul on Estonian Air aastaid jätnud tähelepanuta oma peamised turismiturud ning on praegu halvas seisus. Air Baltic on endiselt huvitatud Estonian Airi ostust. Majandus- ja kommunikatsiooniminister Juhan Partsi seisukoht

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG TAHUN 2014

OpenAIRE

Dien Gusta Anggraini Nursal; Pratiwi Tamela; Fitrayeni Fitrayeni

2017-01-01

Preeklampsia merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan kehamilan dan penyebab kematian maternal. Angka kejadian preeklampsia di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2014 adalah 20,14%. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Jumlah sampel 34 kasus dan 34 kontrol, perbandingan 1:1. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik systema...

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di Rsup Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2014

OpenAIRE

Nursal, Dien Gusta Anggraini; Tamela, Pratiwi; Fitrayeni, Fitrayeni

2015-01-01

Preeklampsia merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan kehamilan dan penyebab kematian maternal. Angka kejadian preeklampsia di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2014 adalah 20,14%. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Jumlah sampel 34 kasus dan 34 kontrol, perbandingan 1:1. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik systema...

PENGARUH ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH PADA CITRA MEREK DAN NIAT BELI PADA WARUNK UPNORMAL

OpenAIRE

Siswanto, Mita

2017-01-01

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh electronic word of mouth pada citra merek dan niat beli pada Warunk Upnormal. Penelitian ini mengambil responden mahasiswa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Jumlah sampel yang valid dan dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah 202 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling, dengan pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner online. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier sederhana, dan analisis regresi...

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan Tahun Pembelajaran 2013/2014

OpenAIRE

ulfa, warni atul

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan tahun pembelajaran 2013/2014. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan, yang berjumlah 200 orang dan yang menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara menentukan satu kelas yang dijadikan wakil populasi dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling...

Hubungan Beberapa Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Dengan Sikap Petani Cabai Merah Terhadap Teknologi Pembuatan Pupuk Bokashi.

OpenAIRE

Samosir, Lenny Dinamaria

2011-01-01

Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kelompok atas dasar kelompok petani peserta pelatihan pembuatan pupuk bokashi dan nonpeserta pelatihan pembuatan pupuk bokashi yang diusahan pada lahan cabai sebanyak 22 sampel. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Sikap petani cabai terhadap teknologi pembuatan bokashi di Desa Sondi Raya adalah positif yaitu dari 22 orang petani cabai, 13 orang (59,09 %) memiliki sikap positif dan 9 orang (40,91 %) mem...

Sedimentation studies at MUDA catchment area, Kedah, Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamarudin Samuding; Juhari Yusuf; Wan Abdul Aziz; Juhari Latiff

2000-01-01

A study on the sediment size distribution and determination of sediment density profile in the selected area of Muda dam catchment area, Kedah is presented. The objective of the study was to establish a base line data of the input sedimentation with regards to the effects of development within the catchment in the future. Three main sampling locations were identified namely at Sungai Teliang, Sungai Muda and Muda reservoir. Measurement of sediment thickness was performed by using nuclear gauges i.e. direct transmission and backscattering methods. Results showed that the grain size distribution of sediment ranges from gravel to clay sizes. In the reservoir and downstream of the river, most of the samples studied consisting of fine sediment i.e silt and clay sizes (<63,um). However, sediment distribution in the upstream section of Sungai Teliang mainly consist of fine to coarse sand. Sediment density profiles in the reservoir showed little changes, whereas bed sediment profiles in the river cross-sectional areas exhibit some changes. The results also showed that thickness of bedload sediment were different from one location to another, in which the thickness may achieve up to 0.75 metre in some areas. Based on the sediment distribution profile analysis, the study site could be divided into two parts comprising of dynamic area (region) covering selected locations along the river and deposited sediment in the reservoir. Basic information derived from this study may provide as one of the important inputs for the MADA reservoir management authority in monitoring, supervising y and identifying rate and source of sediment in the catchment area

Air leakage control in chief tunnel of uranium mines using air screen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Gengsheng

1987-01-01

In this paper the results of air leakage control are described using air screen in the chief tunnels of some uranium mines. The air leakage decreases by 79-91% after using air screen. On the basis of mathematical treatment, the formulas for calculating the air resistance efficiency of air screen are presented

Air Conditioner/Dehumidifier

Science.gov (United States)

1986-01-01

An ordinary air conditioner in a very humid environment must overcool the room air, then reheat it. Mr. Dinh, a former STAC associate, devised a heat pipe based humidifier under a NASA Contract. The system used heat pipes to precool the air; the air conditioner's cooling coil removes heat and humidity, then the heat pipes restore the overcooled air to a comfortable temperature. The heat pipes use no energy, and typical savings are from 15-20%. The Dinh Company also manufactures a "Z" coil, a retrofit cooling coil which may be installed on an existing heater/air conditioner. It will also provide free hot water. The company has also developed a photovoltaic air conditioner and solar powered water pump.

Analysis of air safety in the European system of air traffic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

О.Є. Луппо

2008-04-01

Full Text Available  Article describes air traffic safety provision requirements in the Air Traffic Management system of Europe. Consideration of air traffic variation which affecting the air traffic management operations have been reviewed.

Advanced Architectures and Relatives of Air Electrodes in Zn–Air Batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Jing; Xu, Yang Yang; Yang, Huan; Dong, Zehua; Liu, Hongfang

2018-01-01

Abstract Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density and the low cost for next‐generation green and sustainable energy technologies. An air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most important component and inevitably determines the performance and cost of a Zn–air battery. This article presents exciting advances and challenges related to air electrodes and their relatives. After a brief introduction of the Zn–air battery, the architectures and oxygen electrocatalysts of air electrodes and relevant electrolytes are highlighted in primary and rechargeable types with different configurations, respectively. Moreover, the individual components and major issues of flexible Zn–air batteries are also highlighted, along with the strategies to enhance the battery performance. Finally, a perspective for design, preparation, and assembly of air electrodes is proposed for the future innovations of Zn–air batteries with high performance. PMID:29721418

Hazardous Air Pollutants

Science.gov (United States)

... Search Main menu Environmental Topics Air Bed Bugs Chemicals and Toxics Environmental Information by Location Greener Living Health Land, ... regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from categories of industrial facilities in two phases . About Hazardous Air Pollutants ...

Air Leakage Rates in Typical Air Barrier Assemblies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hun, Diana E. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Atchley, Jerald Allen [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Childs, Phillip W. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2016-11-01

Estimates for 2010 indicate that infiltration in residential buildings was responsible for 2.85 quads of energy (DOE 2014), which is about 3% of the total energy consumed in the US. One of the mechanisms being implemented to reduce this energy penalty is the use of air barriers as part of the building envelope. These technologies decrease airflow through major leakage sites such as oriented strand board (OSB) joints, and gaps around penetrations (e.g., windows, doors, pipes, electrical outlets) as indicated by Hun et al. (2014). However, most air barrier materials do not properly address leakage spots such as wall-to-roof joints and wall-to-foundation joints because these are difficult to seal, and because air barrier manufacturers usually do not provide adequate instructions for these locations. The present study focuses on characterizing typical air leakage sites in wall assemblies with air barrier materials.

75 FR 24742 - In the Matter of Certain Large Scale Integrated Circuit Semiconductor Chips and Products...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-05

... Semiconductor, Xiqing Integrated Semiconductor, Manufacturing Site, No. 15 Xinghua Road, Xiqing Economic... Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., NO. 2 Jalan SS 8/2, Free Industrial Zone, Sungai Way, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selengor, Malaysia. Freescale Semiconductor Pte. Ltd., 7 Changi South Street 2, 03-00, Singapore 486415. Freescale...

RANCANG BANGUN PULSE OXIMETRY MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO SEBAGAI DETEKSI KEJENUHAN OKSIGEN DALAM DARAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umi Salamah

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Kekurangan atau kelebihan oksigen dalam darah akan menimbulkan penyakit dan gangguan kerja tubuh. Pada tingkat tertentu, penyakit tersebut dapat meninbulkan resiko kematian. Oleh karena itu, informasi tentang kejenuhan oksigen dalam darah menjadi hal yang penting untuk dideteksi. Salah satu insturmentasi yang digunakan untuk memantau kejenuhan oksigen dalam darah adalah dengan pulse oximetry. Dalam penelitian ini dirancang bangun pulse oximetry berbasis personal computer menggunakan LED merah dan inframerah sebagai sumber cahaya sedang sensor cahaya yang digunakan adalah fotodioda. Pulse oximetry yang dirancang adalah instrumentasi non invasive yang mana driver LED diletakkan pada ujung jari. Cahaya LED yang terserap jari akan menjadi sinyal yang diumpankan ke fotodioda yang selanjutnya sinyal tersebut akan diubah menjadi sinyal digital oleh Arduino dan diproses lebih lanjut oleh personal computer untuk menampilkan grafik pulse oximetry tersebut. Perangkat lunak untuk mengolah data keluaran Arduino menggunakan Delphi 7, Microsoft Exel dan Mat Lab sebagai perangkat lunaknya. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sinyal Photopletysmography (PPG Ujung Jari yang representatif  dengan sinyal PPG referensi. Pengujian pulse oximetry yang telah dirancang adalah 16 dengan sampel uji random. Dari sampel tersebut, diperoleh 13 sampel uji berada pada prosentase kejenuhan oksigen normal dan 3 sampel uji berada pada prosentase kejenuhan oksigen tidak normal.

The results of air treatment process modeling at the location of the air curtain in the air suppliers and ventilation shafts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolaev Aleksandr

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the existing shaft air heater installations (AHI, that heat the air for air suppliers in cold seasons, a heater channel is used. Some parts of the air from the heater go to the channel, other parts are sucked through a pithead by the general shaft pressure drawdown formed by the main ventilation installation (MVI. When this happens, a mix of two air flows leads to a shaft heat regime violation that can break pressurization of intertubular sealers. The problem of energy saving while airing underground mining enterprises is also very important. The proposed solution of both tasks due to the application of an air curtain is described in the article. In cold seasons the air treatment process should be used and it is offered to place an air curtain in the air suppliers shaft above the place of interface of the calorifer channel to a trunk in order to avoid an infiltration (suction of air through the pithead. It’s recommended to use an air curtain in a ventilation shaft because it reduces external air leaks thereby improving energy efficiency of the MVI work. During the mathematical modeling of ventilation and air preparation process (in SolidWorks Flowsimulation software package it was found out that the use of the air curtain in the air supply shaft can increase the efficiency of the AHI, and reduce the electricity consumption for ventilation in the ventilation shaft.

Experimental analysis of indoor air quality improvement achieved by using a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner in a ventilation system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Nie, Jinzhe

2017-01-01

This study investigated the air purification effect of a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, heating and ventilation in buildings. The experiments were conducted in a field laboratory and compared a low outdoor air...... supply rate with CAHP air purification of recirculated air with three different outdoor air supply rates without recirculation or air cleaning. Sensory assessments of perceived air quality and chemical measurements of TVOC concentration were used to evaluate the air-cleaning performance of the CAHP....... The results of the experiment showed that the operation of the CAHP significantly improved the perceived air quality in a room polluted by both human bio-effluents and building materials. At the outdoor airflow rate of 2 L/s per person, the indoor air quality with CAHP was equivalent to what was achieved...

KERENTANAN KAWASAN TEPI AIR TERHADAP KENAIKAN PERMUKAAN AIR LAUT Kasus Kawasan Tepi Air Kota Surabaya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iwan Suprijanto

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Even though global warming are still debates whether it will or not be happened, the changes on climate will influence activities of human. Regarding global warming issue, one of the impact that is very interesting to be investigated is sea level rise. Sea level rise is predicted has very big impact since, in general, in coastal areas locate a lot of important activities for such city or country. On the context of Indonesian locality, most of big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, Makasar, etc. are located on the coastal area. Since a lot of important activities located on those cities, in general, sea level rise will influence the development processes of those cities. On the basis of the observation gathering in Surabaya City, the impact of sea level rise will influence not only the development of coastal area but also development of Surabaya City in general. The influence is because the area accommodates activities which are very important in city development both for present and future. The activities are port, industrial estate and location for new housing. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Terlepas dari ketidakpastian mengenai terjadi atau tidaknya pemanasan global, setiap perubahan iklim di bumi akan memberikan dampak terhadap kelangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu kajian yang saat ini banyak dilakukan berkaitan dengan isu pemanasan global adalah mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut. Pengkajian mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut tersebut penting mengingat dampak yang akan ditimbulkannya dan dengan kenyataan secara umum kawasan tepi air memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan suatu kota ataupun negara. Hal ditandai dengan banyaknya aktivitas yang berlokasi di kawasan tepi air. Kondisi geografis Indonesia dengan duapertiga bagian wilayahnya adalah perairan, menjadikan Indonesia memiliki garis pantai terpanjang di dunia. Hal tersebut menjadikan pula beberapa bagian wilayah di Indonesia merupakan kawasan pesisir atau tepi air

MODEL PREDIKSI PENGARUH LIMBAH CAIR HOTEL TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR LAUT DI PESISIR TELUK KUPANG (A Prediction Model of Liquid Waste Hotel Impact on The Sea Water along The Coast of Kupang Bay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inty Megarini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Hotel-hotel di pesisir Teluk Kupang sebagian besar membuang efluen limbah cairnya ke laut. Kondisi ini akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air laut dan berdampak pada kelangsungan hidup biota dan mikroorganisme laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prediksi pengaruh efluen limbah cair hotel yang dibuang terhadap kualitas air laut di hadapannya. Parameter yang diteliti adalah minyak dan lemak dan ortofosfat efluen limbah cair hotel. Parameter kualitas air laut yang diteliti adalah kekeruhan, minyak dan lemak dan klorofil. Metode pengambilan sampel dan pengujian menggunakan SNI dan USEPA. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekeruhan air laut pada jarak 0 meter dan 25 meter dapat diprediksi dari kadar minyak dan lemak efluen limbah cair hotel melalui model regresi y = 0,0051 x + 4,8456 dan y = 0,0015 x + 4,5440. Kadar klorofil air laut pada jarak 25 meter dan 75 meter dapat diprediksi dari kadar ortofosfat efluen limbah cair hotel melalui persamaan regresi y = 0,0430 x + 0,0004 dan y = 0,0075 x + 0,0001. ABSTRACT Most of the hotels located along the coast of Kupang Bay dump their effluent liquid waste to the sea. This action will definitely affect the sea water quality and in turn, will unavoidably give deep impact on the life of both microorganism and all the living things in the sea. This research intends to make an impact prediction on the sea water quality over the dumping hotels’ affluent liquid waste to the sea. The parameters which are observed are oil and fat and orthophosphate of the hotels’ affluent liquid waste. While the observed parameters of the sea water quality are turbidity, oil and fat, and chlorophyll. The methods used to take and test the sample are SNI and USEPA. And to analyze the data, testing on both correlation and regression are applied. The result of the study reveals that the turbidity of the sea water within the range of 0 to 25 meters can be

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR BLOWN BY WARM AIR HAND DRYERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Recai OÐUR; Omer Faruk TEKBAS; Osman HANCI; Umut OZCAN

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to determine the microbiological characteristics of air blown from warm air hand dryers, and to compare findings with the microbiological characteristics of indoor air in which the dryer settled. Air samples was taken from different public places (shopping centers, restaurants and hospitals and investigated for total viable counts, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and enteric pathogens. There were differences between sampling indoor places for some of the microorganisms, but all of the air samples taken from dryers contained more microorganisms than indoor air, and the differences between hand dryers and indoor air were statistically significant (p<0.05 except for enteric pathogens. As a result it could be said that warm air hand dryers could be microbiological contamination sources in restrooms or the other places that they are used. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(1.000: 1-7

Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolkoff, Peder

2018-04-01

There is a long-standing dispute about indoor air humidity and perceived indoor air quality (IAQ) and associated health effects. Complaints about sensory irritation in eyes and upper airways are generally among top-two symptoms together with the perception "dry air" in office environments. This calls for an integrated analysis of indoor air humidity and eye and airway health effects. This overview has reviewed the literature about the effects of extended exposure to low humidity on perceived IAQ, sensory irritation symptoms in eyes and airways, work performance, sleep quality, virus survival, and voice disruption. Elevation of the indoor air humidity may positively impact perceived IAQ, eye symptomatology, and possibly work performance in the office environment; however, mice inhalation studies do not show exacerbation of sensory irritation in the airways by low humidity. Elevated humidified indoor air appears to reduce nasal symptoms in patients suffering from obstructive apnea syndrome, while no clear improvement on voice production has been identified, except for those with vocal fatigue. Both low and high RH, and perhaps even better absolute humidity (water vapor), favors transmission and survival of influenza virus in many studies, but the relationship between temperature, humidity, and the virus and aerosol dynamics is complex, which in the end depends on the individual virus type and its physical/chemical properties. Dry and humid air perception continues to be reported in offices and in residential areas, despite the IAQ parameter "dry air" (or "wet/humid air") is semantically misleading, because a sensory organ for humidity is non-existing in humans. This IAQ parameter appears to reflect different perceptions among other odor, dustiness, and possibly exacerbated by desiccation effect of low air humidity. It is salient to distinguish between indoor air humidity (relative or absolute) near the breathing and ocular zone and phenomena caused by moisture

Air conditioner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Masaaki

1993-01-01

The present invention provides an air conditioner which can prevent an undesirable effects on a human body due to radon daughter nuclides in a closed space. That is, the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the air in the closed space is continuously measured. A necessary amount of ventilation air is determined based on the measured concentration to generate control signals. External air is introduced into the closed space by the generated control signals. With such procedures, necessary amount of external air is taken from the atmospheric air which can be regarded to have the radon daughter nuclide concentration substantially at zero, thereby enabling to reduce the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the closed space. As a result, undesired effects on the human body due to the radon daughter nuclides staying in the closed space can be prevented. According to simulation, the radon daughter nuclides are rapidly decreased only by ventilation only for three times or so in one hour. Accordingly, ventilation is extremely effective and convenient means as a countermeasure for the radon daughter nuclides. (I.S.)

Pemurnian Silika Pada Abu Layang Dari Pembangkit Listrik Di Paiton (PT YTL) Dengan Pelarutan Asam Klorida Dan Aqua Regia

OpenAIRE

Anggia, Denida Mega; Suprapto, Suprapto

2016-01-01

Penelitian mengenai pemurnian silika melalui pelarutan menggunakan asam klorida (HCl) dan aqua regia pada abu layang yang berasal dari PT YTL, Paiton, telah dilakukan.Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi asam dan waktu pelarutan HCl. Pengaruh pelarutan unsur Fe, Ca, dan Al dari sampel juga diteliti.Dari hasil XRD abu layang, terkandung mineral quartz, mullite, hematite dan kalsium oksida. Kondisi paling baik pada saat pelarutan sampel adalah menggunakan pelarutan a...

Ensuring clean air: Developing a clean air strategy for British Columbia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-04-01

In 1992, a clean air strategy will be developed to incorporate views of British Columbians on ways to meet goals related to air quality. A discussion paper is presented to provide information to those interested in participation in developing this strategy. The paper gives information on air quality issues important to the province, including local air quality, urban smog, ozone layer depletion, and global climate change. The views and concerns expressed by stakeholders who attended the Clean Air Conference in 1991 are summarized. The process used to develop the clean air strategy is outlined and some outcomes to be anticipated from the strategy are suggested, including policies and priorities for action to ensure clean air. Air pollutants of concern are total reduced sulfur, mainly from pulp mills and gas processing plants; smoke from wood burning; sulfur dioxide from pulp mills and gas plants; hydrogen fluoride from aluminum smelting; ground-level ozone in urban areas; and acid rain. Elements of a clean air strategy include a smoke management policy, management strategies for greenhouse gases and ozone smog, ozone layer protection measures, regional air quality management plans, and long-term planning efforts in energy use, transportation modes, community design, and land use. 12 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs

Connectable solar air collectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oestergaard Jensen, S.; Bosanac, M.

2002-02-01

The project has proved that it is possible to manufacture solar air collector panels, which in an easy way can be connected into large collector arrays with integrated ducting without loss of efficiency. The developed connectable solar air collectors are based on the use of matrix absorbers in the form of perforated metal sheets. Three interconnected solar air collectors of the above type - each with an transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} - was tested and compared with parallel tests on two single solar air collectors also with a transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} One of the single solar air collectors has an identical absorber as the connectable solar air collectors while the absorber of the other single solar air collector was a fibre cloth. The efficiency of the three solar air collectors proved to be almost identical in the investigated range of mass flow rates and temperature differences. The solar air collectors further proved to be very efficient - as efficient as the second most efficient solar air collectors tested in the IEA task 19 project Solar Air Systems. Some problems remain although to be solved: the pressure drop across especially the connectable solar air collectors is too high - mainly across the inlets of the solar air collectors. It should, however, be possible to considerably reduce the pressure losses with a more aerodynamic design of the inlet and outlet of the solar air collectors; The connectable solar air collectors are easy connectable but the air tightness of the connections in the present form is not good enough. As leakage leads to lower efficiencies focus should be put on making the connections more air tight without loosing the easiness in connecting the solar air collectors. As a spin off of the project a simple and easy way to determine the efficiency of solar, air collectors for pre-heating of fresh air has been validated. The simple method of determining the efficiency has with success been compared with an advance method

Air Land Sea Bulletin

Science.gov (United States)

2014-11-01

Unidentified Royal Air Force Regiment forward air controllers from the Air Land Integration Cell , Based at Royal Air Force Honington, Suffolk (United...heavy as an actual weapon.4 Ideally, this practice imbued a soldier with more energy and stamina during real combat, given the feel of the genuine but...through tactical forces, to individual training. Unidentified Royal Air Force Regiment forward air controllers from the Air Land Integration Cell , Based

The effect of air velocity on heat stress at increased air temperature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerg, B.; Wang, Xiaoshuai; Zhang, Guoqiang

Increased air velocity is a frequently used method to reduce heat stress of farm animals housed in warm conditions. The main reason why the method works is that higher air velocity increases the convective heat release from the animals. Convective heat release from the animals is strongly related...... to the temperature difference between the surfaces of animals and the surrounding air, and this temperature difference declines when the air temperature approaches the animal body temperature. Consequently it can it by expected that the effect of air velocity decreases at increased air temperature. The literature...... on farm animals in warm conditions includes several thermal indices which incorporate the effect of air velocities. But, surprisingly none of them predicts a decreased influence of air velocity when the air temperature approaches the animal body temperature. This study reviewed published investigations...

Kandungan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya pada makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bantul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yhona Paratmanitya

2016-08-01

dengan keracunan akibat penyebab lain, misalnya obat, kosmetika, dan lain-lain. Salah satu penyebab keracunan makanan adalah adanya cemaran kimia dalam makanan tersebut, seperti boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B. Dalam data tersebut, diketahui 2,93% sampel makanan jajanan pada anak sekolah mengandung boraks, 1,34% mengandung formalin, dan 1,02% mengandung rhodamin-B. Akumulasi bahan-bahan tersebut di dalam tubuh dapat berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui persentase makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar (SD yang tercemar bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya (boraks, formalin, rhodamin-B di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan survei. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan 68 SD di Kabupaten Bantul sebagai sampel. Seluruh makanan jajanan yang dijajakan baik di luar maupun di kantin sekolah dan diduga mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya diuji kandungan cemaran kimianya yaitu kandungan boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B. Pengujian kualitatif kandungan boraks menggunakan kurkumin, formalin menggunakan KMnO4, dan rhodamin-B menggunakan test kit Rhodamin-B. Hasil: Terdapat 107 sampel makanan dari 68 SD yang diuji. Jenis makanan jajanan yang diduga mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya yang paling banyak dijajakan di SD adalah jenis bakso (bakso, bakso tusuk, bakso goreng yaitu sejumlah 22,4% dari seluruh sampel jajanan. Di antara 98 sampel yang diuji kandungan boraks dan formalinnya, 15 sampel (15,3% positif mengandung boraks dan 25 sampel (25,5% positif mengandung formalin. Di antara 15 sampel yang diuji kandungan rhodamin-B-nya,7 sampel (46,7% positif mengandung rhodamin-B. Terdapat 34 SD (50% yang tidak terdapat jajanan yang tercemar bahan kimia berbahaya. Kesimpulan: Persentase makanan jajanan anak SD yang mengandung boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B masih cukup tinggi.KATA KUNCI: makanan jajanan, boraks, formalin, rhodamin-B

A Breath of Fresh Air: Addressing Indoor Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

Palliser, Janna

2011-01-01

Indoor air pollution refers to "chemical, biological, and physical contamination of indoor air," which may result in adverse health effects (OECD 2003). The causes, sources, and types of indoor air pollutants will be addressed in this article, as well as health effects and how to reduce exposure. Learning more about potential pollutants in home…

14 CFR 399.86 - Payments for non-air transportation services for air cargo.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payments for non-air transportation... Enforcement § 399.86 Payments for non-air transportation services for air cargo. The Board considers that... air carriers for non-air transportation preparation of air cargo shipments are for services ancillary...

21 CFR 211.46 - Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling. 211.46 Section 211.46 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Buildings and Facilities § 211.46 Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling. (a) Adequate...

Air conditioning systems to clean radioactive air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganz, G.

1987-01-01

The author reports a study by the Institutes fuer Klimatechnik and Umweltschutz Giessen that shows that air conditioning systems not only make the atmosphere more comfortable, they also extract dust particles. This cleaning action is also valid for radioactively contaminated air. (G.T.H./Auth.)

Air conditioning system and component therefore distributing air flow from opposite directions

Science.gov (United States)

Obler, H. D.; Bauer, H. B. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

The air conditioning system comprises a plurality of separate air conditioning units coupled to a common supply duct such that air may be introduced into the supply duct in two opposite flow directions. A plurality of outlets such as registers or auxiliary or branch ducts communicate with the supply duct and valve means are disposed in the supply duct at at least some of the outlets for automatically channelling a controllable amount of air from the supply duct to the associated outlet regardless of the direction of air flow within the supply duct. The valve means comprises an automatic air volume control apparatus for distribution within the air supply duct into which air may be introduced from two opposite directions. The apparatus incorporates a freely swinging movable vane in the supply duct to automatically channel into the associated outlet only the deflected air flow which has the higher relative pressure.

Air pollution meteorology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shirvaikar, V V; Daoo, V J [Environmental Assessment Div., Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India)

2002-06-01

This report is intended as a training cum reference document for scientists posted at the Environmental Laboratories at the Nuclear Power Station Sites and other sites of the Department of Atomic Energy with installations emitting air pollutants, radioactive or otherwise. Since a manual already exists for the computation of doses from radioactive air pollutants, a general approach is take here i.e. air pollutants in general are considered. The first chapter presents a brief introduction to the need and scope of air pollution dispersion modelling. The second chapter is a very important chapter discussing the aspects of meteorology relevant to air pollution and dispersion modelling. This chapter is important because without this information one really does not understand the phenomena affecting dispersion, the scope and applicability of various models or their limitations under various weather and site conditions. The third chapter discusses the air pollution models in detail. These models are applicable to distances of a few tens of kilometres. The fourth chapter discusses the various aspects of meteorological measurements relevant to air pollution. The chapters are followed by two appendices. Apendix A discusses the reliability of air pollution estimates. Apendix B gives some practical examples relevant to general air pollution. It is hoped that the document will prove very useful to the users. (author)

Thermal conditions and perceived air quality in an air-conditioned auditorium

Science.gov (United States)

Polednik, Bernard; Guz, Łukasz; Skwarczyński, Mariusz; Dudzińska, Marzenna R.

2016-07-01

The study reports measurements of indoor air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), perceived air quality (PAQ) and CO2, fine aerosol particle number (PN) and mass (PM1) concentrations in an air conditioned auditorium. The measurements of these air physical parameters have been carried out in the unoccupied auditorium with the air conditioning system switched off (AC off mode) and in the unoccupied and occupied auditorium with the air conditioning system switched off during the night and switched on during the day (AC on/off mode). The average indoor air thermal parameters, CO2 concentration and the PAQ value (in decipols) were elevated, while average PM1 concentration was lower in the AC on/off mode. A statistically significant (p PAQ values and CO2 concentrations (r = 0.66 and r = 0.59, respectively) in that AC mode. A significant negative correlation has been observed between T and PN and PM1 concentrations (r = -0.38 and r = -0.49, respectively). In the AC off mode the above relations between T and the particle concentrations were not that unequivocal. These findings may be of importance as they indicate that in certain AC operation modes the indoor air quality deteriorates along with the variation of the indoor air microclimate and room occupation. This, in turn, may adversely affect the comfort and productivity of the users of air conditioned premises.

CALCULATION OF AIR ION REGIME IN THE CASE OF ARTIFICIAL AIR IONIZATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BILIAIEV M. M.

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose. One of the major tasks in the field of labor protection is providing of the necessary qualitative composition of air in the working areas of office and industrial spaces. In order to maintain the necessary air ion level in the air space premises, the artificial ionization of air is used often in the premises. At present in Ukraine analytical model are used for the calculation of air ion regime in premises, influencing on the formation process of air ions concentration field. An alternative solution is the use of CFD models, developing including the air jets aerodynamics in the premise, the presence of furniture, equipment, transfer of ions under an electric field, and other physical factors, determining intensity and shape of air ions concentration field in the premise. Methodology. Influence of air flow was taken into account in the development of CFD models for calculation of air ion regime in the apartment, caused by operation of ventilation, diffusion, electric field impact, as well as the interaction of different polarity ions with each other, and their interaction with dust particles. The proposed model of calculation of air ion regime in premises based on the use of aerodynamics, electrostatics and mass transfer levels. This model allows operatively to calculate air ions concentration field with the influence of the walls, floor, ceiling and obstacles on the process of air ions dispersion, the specific location of different polarity ions emission and their interaction in the premise and work areas in conditions of artificial air ionization. Results. The calculated data were obtained and on their base could be estimated the concentration of air ion anywhere in the premise with artificial air ionization. Ions concentration field, being calculated using this CFD model, as concentration field isolines is presented. Originality. The results of the air ion regime calculation in the premise are presented, based on numerical 2D CFD model

PERAN KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL ADAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wedy Nasrul

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The role of public and institute in development of countryside is not only limited to beneficial owner, but actively involved direct in development programs. Condition of local institute of custom here and now will affect to the role in development of countryside. Purpose of fundamental of this research description the role of local institute of custom in development of countryside. This research applies qualitative method with case study in Nagari Sungai Pua Kecamatan Sungai Puar Kabupaten Agam. Data collecting is done qualitatively, that is direct observation or observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Research finding indicates that as result of governmental intervenes to government of nagari from time to time indirectly makes the role of local institute of custom on the wane in development of countryside. The role of local institute of custom in development of nagari still there is in each development step countryside, where a real role dominance is at planning stage and coordination.

Danger in the Air: Air Pollution and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Cipriani, Gabriele; Danti, Sabrina; Carlesi, Cecilia; Borin, Gemma

2018-01-01

Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement for human health and well-being. To examine the relationship between cognitive performance and ambient pollution exposure. Studies were identified through a systematic search of online scientific databases, in addition to a manual search of the reference lists from the identified papers. Air pollution is a multifaceted toxic chemical mixture capable of assaulting the central nervous system. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting evidence implicating adverse effects of air pollution on cognitive function in both adults and children. Consistent evidence showed that exposure to air pollution, specifically exposure to particulate matter, caused poor age-related cognitive performance. Living in areas with high levels of air pollution has been linked to markers of neuroinflammation and neuropathology that are associated with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease-like brain pathologies.

Air Sensor Toolbox

Science.gov (United States)

Air Sensor Toolbox provides information to citizen scientists, researchers and developers interested in learning more about new lower-cost compact air sensor technologies and tools for measuring air quality.

CityAir app: Mapping air-quality perception using people as sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Castell, Nuria; Fredriksen, Mirjam; Cole-Hunter, Thomas; Robinson, Johanna; Keune, Hans; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Bartonova, Alena

2016-04-01

Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting all people in developed and developing countries alike. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. In modern society, people are expending an increasing amount of time in polluted urban environments, thus increasing their exposure and associated health responses. Some cities provide information about air pollution levels to their citizens using air quality monitoring networks. However, due to their high cost and maintenance, the density of the monitoring networks is very low and not capable to capture the high temporal and spatial variability of air pollution. Thus, the citizen lacks a specific answer to the question of "how the air quality is in our surroundings". In the framework of the EU-funded CITI-SENSE project the innovative concept of People as Sensors is being applied to the field of outdoor air pollution. This is being done in eight European cities, including Barcelona, Belgrade, Edinburgh, Haifa, Ljubljana, Oslo, Ostrava and Vienna. People as Sensors defines a measurement model, in which measurements are not only taken by hardware sensors, but in which also humans can contribute with their individual "measurements" such as their subjective perception of air quality and other personal observations. In order to collect the personal observations a mobile app, CityAir, has been developed. CityAir allows citizens to rate the air quality in their surroundings with colour at their current location: green if air quality is very good, yellow if air quality is good, orange if air quality is poor and red if air quality is very poor. The users have also the possibility of indicating the source of pollution (i.e. traffic, industry, wood burning) and writing a comment. The information is on-line and accessible for other app users, thus contributing to create an air-quality map based on citizens' perception

SKRINING FITOKIMIA TANAMAN OBAT DI KABUPATEN BIMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sry Agustina

2016-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang skrining fitokimia tanaman obat yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Bima sebagai obat tradisional. Beberapa jenis tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Bima sebagai obat-obatan tradisional diantaranya kunyit, temulawak, jahe, kulit buah delima dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam tanaman obat lokal yang berperan aktif dalam penyembuhan penyakit. Tanaman obat yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah rimpang kunyit (Curcumma longa Linn, rimpang jahe (Zingiber officinale, rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga, daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava, daun sirsak (Annona muricata L., daun sirih (Piper betle L., daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum, kulit buah delima (Punica granatum dan daun kecubung (Datura metel L. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan metode penapisan/skrining fitokimia untuk mendeteksi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid/terpenoid, saponin dan tanin. Dari hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol tanaman obat yang telah dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa 10 sampel mengandung flavonoid, 9 sampel mengandung alkaloid, 9 sampel mengandung steroid, 4 sampel mengandung terpenoid, 5 sampel mengandung saponin dan 7 sampel mengandung tanin.   ABSTRACT : A research on the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants are often used by Bima community as a traditional medicine was been done. Some types of plants used by Bima community as traditional medicines such as turmeric, ginger, pomegranate skin and so on. This study aims to determine the content of active compound contained in local medicinal plants an active compound in the healing of disease. Medicinal plants are analyzed in this study are turmeric, ginger rhizome, rhizome of ginger, galangal rhizome, the leaves of guava, soursop leaves, betel leaves, bay leaves, bark and leaves of pomegranate. The

Final Environmental Assessment for the First Air Force Air Operations Center, First Air Force Headquarters/Air Force Forces Center, and Highway 98 Overpass at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida

Science.gov (United States)

2004-01-01

no comments regarding the Draft Environmental Assessment for the First Air Force Operations Center, First Air Force Headquarters/Air Force Forces...COUNCIL ] No Comment BAY - BAY COUNTY No Final Comments Received ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNIT - OFFICE OF POLICY AND BUDGET, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNIT NO ...CONSERVATION COMMISSION [ NO COMMENT BY BRIAN BARNETT ON 4/12/04. [STATE - FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE [ No Comment [TRANSPORTATION - FLORIDA DEPARTMENT

System for measuring of air concentration in air-steam mixture during the transients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorbenko, Gennady A.; Gakal, Pavlo G.; Epifanov, Konstantin S.; Osokin, Gennady V.; Smirnov, Sergey V.

2006-01-01

Description of system for air concentration measuring in air-steam mixture during the transients is represented. Air concentration measuring is based on discrete sampling method. The measuring system consists of sampler, transport pipeline, distributor and six measuring vessels. From the sampler air-steam mixture comes to distributor through transport pipeline and fills consecutively the measuring vessels. The true air concentration in place of measurement was defined based on measured air concentration in samples taken from measuring vessels. For this purpose, the mathematical model of transients in measuring system was developed. Air concentration transient in air-steam mixture in place of measurement was described in mathematical model by air concentration time-dependent function. The function parameters were defined based on air concentration measured in samples taken from measuring vessels. Estimated error of air concentration identification was about 10%. Measuring system was used in experiments on EREC BKV-213 test facility intended for testing of VVER-440/V-213 reactor barbotage-vacuum system

ANALISIS UNSUR Ag PADA SAMPEL CAIR DENGAN LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sinaga Natalia Declarossy

2014-02-01

Full Text Available It has been done research on the analysis of Ag element in the liquid electrolyte with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS through electrolysis method. Observations conducted by LIBS using Nd-YAG laser (1064nm, 7ns. Prior to analyze, first looking for the optimum conditions of experiments had been done. The results showed that the optimum laser energy to the characterization of the elements Ag was 100 mJ and optimum conditions of electric current and time deposition on electrolysis process were 4.93 mA and 10 minutes, respectively. These conditions, next, for the application of quantitative analysis of Ag solution that started from concentration 300 ppm to the lowest concentration and limit of detection obtained 1 ppm.

VARIAN NON-DELESI 9 PASANG BASA DNA MITOKONDRIA MANUSIA SAMPEL FORENSIK BALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gun Gun Gumilar

2005-06-01

Full Text Available One of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA variant is a 9 base pairs (bp deletion in the COII/tRNALys intergenic region. In construction mtDNA nomenclature, 9-bp deletion database consist of primary and secondary data is needed, including Bali bombing forensic samples. Here we report a 9-bp non- deletion mtDNA variant from Bali bombing forensic samples to complete primary data. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR technique with 2 set primer was used to detect 9-bp deletion. The PCR result was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, which showed two bands (0.1 and 0.4 kb for non-deletion variant control, and one band (0.4 kb for deletion variant control. If the sample has 9-bp deletion, only one of the primer pairs could amplify a fragment of 0.4 kb. If the sample does not have 9-bp deletion, the other primer pair will amplify a 0.1 kb product. The result showed that none of the 24 samples has 9-bp deletion. These results are contributed to the human mtDNA database and nomenclature construction. Keywords: mtDNA, 9-bp deletion, PCR

Air Leakage and Air Transfer Between Garage and Living Space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rudd, A.

2014-09-01

This research project focused on evaluation of air transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated air from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional zone pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house air leakage, the garage-to-house air leakage, and garage and house pressure relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and air tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house air leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed. For houses employing whole-house supply ventilation (positive pressure) or balanced ventilation (same pressure effect as the Baseline condition), adherence to the EPA Indoor airPLUS house-to-garage air sealing requirements should be sufficient to expect little to no garage-to-house air transfer.

Polimorfisme Genetik DNA Mikrosatellite GEN BoLA Lokus DRB3 Pada Sapi Bali (Bos Indicus)

OpenAIRE

Puja , I Ketut; Wandia, I Nengah; Suastika, Putu; Sulabda, I Nyoman

2011-01-01

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi dasar mengenai distribusi frekuensi lokus DRB3 gen BoLa (bovine lymphocyte antigen) pada sapi Bali. Untuk isolasi DNA digunakan sampel darah sapi Bali yang diambil dari populasi sapi Bali yang berasal dari Bali dan sapi Bali yang berasal dari Nusa Penida. Jumlah sampel untuk sapi Bali yang berasal dari Bali adalah 22 ekor dan sapi yang berasal dari Nusa Penida 21 ekor. Jumlah allel lokus DRB3 pada sapi...

Air pollution engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Maduna, Karolina; Tomašić, Vesna

2017-11-01

Air pollution is an environmental and a social problem which leads to a multitude of adverse effects on human health and standard of human life, state of the ecosystems and global change of climate. Air pollutants are emitted from natural, but mostly from anthropogenic sources and may be transported over long distances. Some air pollutants are extremely stable in the atmosphere and may accumulate in the environment and in the food chain, affecting human beings, animals and natural biodiversity. Obviously, air pollution is a complex problem that poses multiple challenges in terms of management and abatements of the pollutants emission. Effective approach to the problems of air pollution requires a good understanding of the sources that cause it, knowledge of air quality status and future trends as well as its impact on humans and ecosystems. This chapter deals with the complexities of the air pollution and presents an overview of different technical processes and equipment for air pollution control, as well as basic principles of their work. The problems of air protection as well as protection of other ecosystems can be solved only by the coordinated endeavors of various scientific and engineering disciplines, such as chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, chemical engineering and social sciences. The most important engineering contribution is mostly focused on development, design and operation of equipment for the abatement of harmful emissions into environment.

Indoor Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

... protect yourself and your family. Learn more Air Quality at Work Workers should breathe easy while on the job, but worksites with poor air quality put employees at risk. Healthy air is essential ...

Machine & electrical double control air dryer for vehicle air braking system

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xuan; Yang, Liu; Wang, Xian Yan; Tan, Xiao Yan; Wang, Wei

2017-09-01

As is known to all, a vehicle air brake system, in which usually contains moisture. To solve the problem, it is common to use air dryer to dry compressed air effectively and completely remove the moisture and oil of braking system. However, the existing air dryer is not suitable for all commercial vehicles. According to the operational status of the new energy vehicles in the initial operating period, the structure design principle of the machine & electric control air dryer is expounded from the aspects of the structure and operating principle, research & development process.

PENILAIAN PEDOFILIA MENGGUNAKAN RESPON HEMODINAMIK OTAK TERHADAP STIMULI SEKSUAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kuhelan Mahendran

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Menilai secara akurat orientasi seksual seseorang sangat penting dalam melakukan penanganan terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak. Phallometry adalah metode standar untuk mengidentifikasi orientasi seksual; tetapi, metode ini telah banyak dikritik oleh karena bersifat intrusif dan reliabilitasnya terbatas. Tujuan:Untuk mengevaluasi apakah pola respon spasial terhadap stimuli seksual yang ditandai oleh adanya perubahan blood oxygen level-dependent signal (BOLDmemfasilitasi proses identifikasi pedofilia. Desain:Selama dilakukan pemeriksaan magnetic resonance imaging fungsional (fMRI, ditampilkan gambar anak-anak dan dewasa tanpa busana dengan jenis kelamin sama atau berbeda terhadap sampel penelitian (kelompok pedofil dan kontrol. Kami mengkalkulasi perbedaan BOLDterhadap stimuli sexual anak-anak dan dewasa pada setiap sampel. Hasil foto dengan kontras kemudian dimasukkan sesuai dengan kelompoknya untuk dianalisis perbedaan pemetaan otak antara kelompok pedofil dan kontrol. Kami mengkalkulasi nilai ekspresi yang sesuai dengan hasil kelompok bagi setiap sampel. Nilai ekspresi tersebut dibedakan menjadi 2 algoritma klasifikasi: analisis Fisher linear discriminant dan analisis -nearest neighbor. Prosedur klasifikasi tersebut telah divalidasi silang menggunakan metode leave-one-out. Lokasi:Bagian Kedokteran Seksual, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Christian Albrechts di Kiel, Jerman. Sampel:Kami merekrut 24 sampel dengan pedofil yang memiliki ketertarikan seksual terhadap anak perempuan (n=11 atau laki-laki (n=13 pre pubertas dan 32 kontrol laki-laki sehat yang memiliki ketertarikan seksual terhadap wanita (n=18 atau pria (n=14 dewasa. Pengukuran luaran utama:Angka sensitivitasdan spesifisitas dari kedua algoritme klasifikasi. Hasil:Akurasi klasifikasi tertinggi dicapai dengan analisis diskriminan linear Fisher, yang menunjukkan akurasi rata-rata 95% (100% spesifisitas, 88% sensitivitas. Simpulan:Pola respon otak fungsional terhadap

Air Conditioning Compressor Air Leak Detection by Image Processing Techniques for Industrial Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pookongchai Kritsada

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents method to detect air leakage of an air conditioning compressor using image processing techniques. Quality of air conditioning compressor should not have air leakage. To test an air conditioning compressor leak, air is pumped into a compressor and then submerged into the water tank. If air bubble occurs at surface of the air conditioning compressor, that leakage compressor must be returned for maintenance. In this work a new method to detect leakage and search leakage point with high accuracy, fast, and precise processes was proposed. In a preprocessing procedure to detect the air bubbles, threshold and median filter techniques have been used. Connected component labeling technique is used to detect the air bubbles while blob analysis is searching technique to analyze group of the air bubbles in sequential images. The experiments are tested with proposed algorithm to determine the leakage point of an air conditioning compressor. The location of the leakage point was presented as coordinated point. The results demonstrated that leakage point during process could be accurately detected. The estimation point had error less than 5% compared to the real leakage point.

Photochemical air pollution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Te Winkel, B.H.

1992-01-01

During periods of severe photochemical air pollution (smog) the industry in the Netherlands is recommended by the Dutch government to strongly reduce the emissions of air pollutants. For the electric power generating companies it is important to investigate the adequacy of this policy. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the contribution of electric power plants to photochemical air pollution and to assess the efficacy of emission reducing measures. A literature survey on the development of photochemical air pollution was carried out and modelled calculations concerning the share of the electric power plants to the photochemical air pollution were executed

Air-water screen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prokopov, O.I.; Kutepov, A.I.

1980-12-08

The air-water screen based on inventor's certificate No. 577364 contains horizontal water and air lines with water and air nozzles. The air line is situated inside the water line eccentrically and contracts it in the area of the nozzle, whose orifices are situated along the line of contact, while the orifices of the water nozzle are situated symmetrically relative to the air orifices and are located at an acute angle to them. To raise the protective properties, on the end of the water line is a lateral nozzle water distributor is an additional nozzle, connected to this container.

THE USE OF AIR LAYERS IN BUILDING ENVELOPES FOR ENERGY SAVING DURING AIR CONDITIONING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. N. Osipov

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Since there are no large natural energy resources in Belarus, energy savings ought to be a point of the special attention. With this regard it is important to develop modern ways of savings during the process of air conditioning inside new buildings with an air layer in the enclosure, especially in translucent ones. The system of ventilation of air layers in the enclosure of a building has been introduced in which air movement is caused by the gravitational and aerodynamic forces. It makes it possible to arrange further ventilation – a natural, forced or a hybrid one. With the purpose of increasing and streamlining natural draught the partitions are used separating the different parts of air layers. For natural ventilation with the use of gravitational forces the holes in the upper and lower parts of the partitions between adjacent air layers are applied. Natural ventilation in the holes of the partitions is regulated by movable shutters, blinds or other adjusting devices. For combined or forced air exchange between adjacent zones of air layers fans are used pumping air from the air layer zones with a higher temperature to zones of air layers with lower temperature and vice versa. When air exchange is forced, in order to intensify the infiltration of air into zones of air layers jets are laid on a hard surface. In order to cool a multi-layered enclosure of a building, where the movement of air between the air layers (that have been formed by internal partitions is being fulfilled by a natural, forced or combined mode, a part of the air or the total air processed inside the building (i.e. conditioned or non-conditioned air cooler as compared with the outside one is being sent to these strata. Combined or forced flow of the air processed inside the building into the air layers is done through the ducts associated with the output channels of the air conditioners. The internal partitions are equipped with the air valve hole.

Kalimat Majemuk Bahasa Melayu Dialek Deli Medan : Suatu Kajian Transformasi Generatif

OpenAIRE

Rozanna Mulyani

2006-01-01

Bahasa Melayu Dialek Deli Medan (BMDDM) adalah salah satu bahasa daerah di Indonesia. Penutur BMDDM adalah suku Melayu yang tinggal di daerah Deli Serdang dan Medan, Sumatera Utara. Kawasan kawasan penutur BMDDM Deli Serdang meliputi kawasan Tanjung Morawa, Percut Sungai Tuan dan Lubuk pakam, oleh Rozanna Mulyani D0300043

Determination of borneol and other chemical compounds of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Lot PT. 21144, Jalan Sungai Long, .... due to geographical variation of plant species, which lead to difference in environmental and culture conditions. In summary, the compounds detected in this study such as ...

Simple air collectors for preheating fresh air

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hensen, J.L.M.; Wit, de M.H.; Ouden, den C.

1984-01-01

In dwellings with mechanical ventilation systems the fresh air can easily be preheated by means of simple solar air systems. These can be an integral part of the building facade or roof and the costs are expected to be low. By means of computer experiments a large number of systems were evaluated.

Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hajidavalloo, E.; Eghtedari, H. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University, Golestan St., Ahvaz (Iran)

2010-08-15

Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions. Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air temperatures up to 49 C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. It is also found that by using evaporatively cooled air condenser in hot weather conditions, the power consumption can be reduced up to 20% and the coefficient of performance can be improved around 50%. More improvements can be expected if a more efficient evaporative cooler is used. (author)

Air distribution and ventilation effectiveness in an occupied room heated by warm air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krajcik, Michal; Simone, Angela; Olesen, Bjarne W.

2012-01-01

and at different simulated outside conditions, internal heat gains and air change rates. Floor heating was also simulated and compared with the warm air heating system. Vertical air temperature profiles, air velocity profiles and equivalent temperatures were derived in order to describe the thermal environment...... floor heating system was simulated, the cooler ventilation air introduced to the room mixed well and created uniform conditions with a ventilation effectiveness of about 1.......Air distribution, ventilation effectiveness and thermal environment were experimentally studied in a simulated room in a low-energy building heated and ventilated by warm air supplied by a mixing ventilation system. Measurements were performed for various positions of the air terminal devices...

Air Quality System (AQS)

Science.gov (United States)

The Air Quality System (AQS) database contains measurements of air pollutant concentrations from throughout the United States and its territories. The measurements include both criteria air pollutants and hazardous air pollutants.

Hazardous air pollutant handbook: measurements, properties, and fate in ambient air

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spicer, C.W. (ed.); Gordon, S.M.; Kelly, T.J.; Holdren, M.W.; Mukund, R. [Battelle, Columbus, OH (United States)

2002-07-01

Focussing on the 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) identified in the Title III of the US Clean Air Act Amendments, this work reviews the methods used to identify, measure, and locate the presence of toxics in ambient air. After a classification and characterization of the HAPs, the current status of ambient measurement methods are surveyed and categorized according to applicable, likely, and potential methods. The results of studies of ambient air concentrations of the HAPs are presented. Methods used to study atmospheric transformations of toxic air pollutants are reviewed and the concept of atmospheric lifetimes of HAPs is discussed.

DESAIN SELF-PROPELLED CAR BARGE UNTUK DISTRIBUSI MOBIL BARU RUTE CIKARANG BEKASI LAUT (CBL – TANJUNG PERAK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bintang Jiwa Jiwa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan Pemerintah untuk dapat mengurangi kemacetan jalur Pantura. Mulai dari pemberian jalur alternatif, pelebaran jalan, hingga pembuatan jalan tol baru. Segala upaya tersebut tidak sebanding dengan jumlah kendaraan yang terus meningkat melewati jalur Pantura, khususnya kendaraan-kendaraan barang seperti truk dan kontainer. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari geliat perekonomian yang terus tumbuh. Kawasan industri otomotif di sekitar Cikarang dan Bekasi salah satu contohnya. Jumlah produksi mobil domestik dan permintaan yang terus meningkat ini membutuhkan sarana yang baik dan cepat dalam mendistribusikan mobil baru ke berbagai daerah. Dalam beberapa tahun ini, Jawa Timur merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat permintaan mobil yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan untuk dapat mengurangi kemacetan di jalur darat adalah berupa pengalihan transportasi darat ke sungai atau laut. Berdasarkan solusi tersebut, maka dibutuhkan alat transportasi pengangkut barang, dalam hal ini mobil, yang dapat melewati sungai dan laut. Self-propelled car barge diharapkan mampu menjadi inovasi yang cukup baik dalam mendistribusikan barang melalui rute Sungai Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL menuju ke Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak. Untuk mendapatkan ukuran utama yang optimum digunakan metode optimation design approach dengan bantuan fitur solver pada program Microsoft Excel dengan menjadikan biaya pembangunan paling minimum sebagai fungsi objektif, serta adanya batasan-batasan dari persyaratan teknis dan regulasi yang ada. Dari proses optimisasi, didapatkan ukuran utama optimum Self-Propelled Car Barge adalah L=53.10 m, B=15.17 m, TFW=3.09 m, TSW=3.02 m, dan H=4.66 m, dengan estimasi biaya pembangunan sebesar $1.435.270,56 atau setara Rp.19.281.424.757,10.

Controlled air incineration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seitz, K.A.

1991-01-01

From 1960 to 1970, incineration was recognized as an economical method of solid waste disposal with many incinerators in operation through the country. During this period a number of legislation acts began to influence the solid waste disposal industry, namely, the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965; Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1968; Resource Recovery Act of 1970; and Clean Air Act of 1970. This period of increased environmental awareness and newly created regulations began the closure of many excess air incineration facilities and encouraged the development of new controlled air, also known as Starved-Air incinerator systems which could meet the more stringent air emission standards without additional emission control equipment. The Starved-Air technology initially received little recognition because it was considered unproven and radically different from the established and accepted I.I.A. standards. However, there have been many improvements and developments in the starved-air incineration systems since the technology was first introduced and marketed, and now these systems are considered the proven technology standard

Oxidation behavior of stainless steel 430 and 441 at 800 C in single (air/air) and dual atmosphere (air/hydrogen) exposures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rufner, J.; Gannon, P.; White, P.; Deibert, M.; Teintze, S. [Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717-3920 (United States); Smith, R.; Chen, H. [Physics, Montana State University, 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717-3920 (United States)

2008-02-15

Intermediate temperature ({proportional_to}800 {sup o}C) planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) allow the use of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) interconnects. SOFC FSS interconnects are used to stack individual cells into series, and are simultaneously exposed to air on the cathode side and fuel on the anode side, creating a 'dual atmosphere' exposure. The thermally grown oxide (TGO) layers on the air side of FSSs 430 and 441 were analyzed as a function of simulated dual atmosphere exposures (moist air/moist hydrogen) for up to 300 h. FSS 430 showed some changes in oxidation behavior, with a slight Fe concentration increase and localized Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} nodule formation observed in the dual atmosphere TGO layer relative to its single atmosphere (air/air) counterpart. Significantly accelerated and anomalous oxidation was observed with FSS 441 subjected to dual atmosphere exposures compared with air/air exposures. The TGO layer formed on the 441 exposed to air/air was comprised of Mn-rich, Cr and Fe-containing isomorphic spinel surface crystallites, with a Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} (eskolaite)-based bottom layer, having a total TGO layer thickness of <2{mu} m after 300 h. In contrast, the TGO layer formed on 441 during dual atmosphere exposure was much faster-growing (>6{mu} m in 20 h) and exhibited a continuous, porous Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}-rich surface layer with a relatively thin (<2{mu} m) sublayer of similar composition to the TGO layer formed during the air/air exposure. Spontaneous TGO layer spallation was also observed for the air side of 441 exposed to dual atmosphere for >100h. The observed oxidation behavior and TGO layer evolution of 441 in both air/air and dual atmosphere are presented, with possible mechanisms and implications discussed. (author)

Air toxics and the 1990 Clean Air Act: Managing trace element emissions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chow, W.; Levin, L.; Miller, M.J.

1992-01-01

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has historically regulated air toxics (hazardous air pollutants) under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. To date, EPA has established emission standards for 8 hazardous air pollutants (arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, mercury, radionuclides, coke oven emissions and vinyl chloride). The US electric utility industry was not determined to be a source category requiring regulation for any of the eight chemicals. Of the eight, radionuclides were the last species for which EPA established hazardous emissions standards. In this instance, EPA determined that the risks associated with electric utility fossil fuel power plant emissions were sufficiently low that they should not be regulated. However, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require a new evaluation of the electric utility industry emissions of hazardous air pollutants. This paper summarizes the key features of the air toxics provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments, describes EPRI's activities on the subject, and provides some preliminary insights from EPRI's research to date

Indoor air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Trine Susanne; Recevska, Ieva

 The objective of the 35th specific agreement is to provide support to the EEA activities in Environment and Health (E&H) on the topic of indoor air quality. The specific objectives have been to provide an overview of indoor air related projects in EU and indoor air related policies as well...... as idenfiying "good practices" to reduce health impact of indoor air exposure and suggest areas for future improvements....

MODEL PERUBAHAN WARNA KERIPIK BUAH SELAMA PENGGORENGAN VAKUM Model of Fruit Flaky Color Change during Vacuum Frying

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The natural colour of fruit flaky product is one of specific property prefered by consumer. To maintain the natural colourof the fruit flaky during frying, it is necessary to pay attention the characteristic changes of raw material and control the process in order not to have much changes to get the intended colour. The objective of this research is to develop empirically mathematical model of fruit flaky colour changes during vacuum frying process by considering the change of water and sucrose contents in the product. Sample of the research were jack fruits fried in the temperature of 70–100OC, frying duration of 15–60 minutes, and vacuum pressure of 13-23 kPa. The observed parameters are colour (L, colour (a, colour (b, water and sukrose contents before and after frying. The result showed that colour changes (L, a and b were influenced by free water vaporization and sukrose decreasing in product, so empirically, the developed mathematical model of colour changes (L, a and b can be used to predict fruit flaky colour changes during vacuum frying. ABSTRAK Warna alami pada produk keripik buah adalah merupakan salah satu sifat khas yang disukai oleh konsumen, untukmempertahankan warna alami keripik buah agar tidak banyak mengalami perubahan selama dalam penggorengan, perlu diperhatikan perubahan karakteristik bahan baku dan pengendalian proses, agar warna keripik buah yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan secara empirik model matematik perubahan warna keripik buah selama dalam proses penggorengan vakum dengan mempertimbangkan ke dalam model perubahan kadar air dan kadar sukrosa di dalam padatan. Sampel penelitian adalah buah nangka digoreng pada suhu70-100 OC, lama penggorengan 15-60 menit dan tekanan vakum 13-23 kPa. Parameter yang diamati adalah warna (L, warna (a, warna (b, kadar air dan kadar sukrosa sebelum dan setelah sampel digoreng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan warna L, a

Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nazaroff, W.; Weschler, Charles J.

2004-01-01

Building occupants, including cleaning personnel, are exposed to a wide variety of airborne chemicals when cleaning agents and air fresheners are used in buildings. Certain of these chemicals are listed by the state of California as toxic air contaminants (TACs) and a subset of these are regulated...... by the US federal government as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). California's Proposition 65 list of species recognized as carcinogens or reproductive toxicants also includes constituents of certain cleaning products and air fresheners. In addition, many cleaning agents and air fresheners contain chemicals...... that can react with other air contaminants to yield potentially harmful secondary products. For example, terpenes can react rapidly with ozone in indoor air generating many secondary pollutants, including TACs such as formaldehyde. Furthermore, ozone-terpene reactions produce the hydroxyl radical, which...

Rancang Bangun Sistem Scada (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Sungai Cihideung Institut Pertanian Bogor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agus Eko Handoko

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract SCADA is a combination of telemetry and data acquisition. SCADA proceeding by means of accumulating some information and return back to center controlling, it is also implementing every analysis and necessary control through PID control system as a control parameter to SCADA input data system in this research. In designing PID control system it is needed the arrangement of P, I and D parameter in order to acquire output signal system to particular input system which has adjusted to necessity. The research was implemented on Water Treatment Plant in Bogor Agricultural University at Cihideung's area region. The NTU score as a starting operational data is necessary as a bench mark in PAC dose application which is obtained from the samples of morning and afternoon raw water and dose proportion is 75% for 14kgs PAC mixed with 200 Litre water within 30 NTU as the maximal treatment. 75% dose application can be imposed for 7 hours PAC usage. The result of research indicated that the variety of percentages value in PAC dose application delivered the advantage in operating of clean water processing installation particularly for PAC needed. Design Of SCADA System SCADA indicated the outcome of unit data acquirement on certain period to determine the PAC necessity in operating Water Treatment Plant.

IDENTIFIKASI SUMBER PENCEMAR DAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DI DESA CANGGU DAN DESA DALUNG KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA KABUPATEN BADUNG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anggi Suprabawati

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The Identification of source pollution was done with sum up the data of the activity which have potency toreleasing liquid waste with the method of spreading questioner. Quality research water river was done at 15 pointsampel (PS in Tukad Umalas, Tukad Pangi and Tukad Canggu. Activity of human being representing source ofpolution in Countryside Dalung is consist of : settlement 90.84%, restaurant 6.55%, laundry 0.841%, motor workshop0.474%, car workshop 0.604%, motor wash 0.604%, car wash 0.086%. Activity of human being representing sourcepolution in Countryside Canggu is settlement 63.97%, restaurant 17.23%, lodging 17.68%, laundry 0.393%, motorworkshop 0.393%, motor wash 0.136%, car wash 0.112%. car workshop 0.112%. Volume of Liquid waste from eachactivity of human being per day in Countryside Dalung is consist of : settlement 5056.8 m3, motor wash 35.26 m3,restaurant 33.63 m3, laundry 8.934m 3, car wash 5.94 m3, car workshop 2.22 m3 and motor workshop 2.04 m3. Volumeliquid waste from each of activity of human being per day in Countryside Canggu is settlement 1368 m3, restaurant173.22 m, hotel 34.17 m3, car wash 14.48 m3, motor workshop 1.86 m3, motor wash 0.72 m3, laundry 0.4297 m3 andcar workshop 0.3 m3.Analysis of water with value of pollution index (IP based on water quality class 2,TS-6 is middle polluted,and fourteenth of TS is slightly polluted. Based on water quality class 3, TS-1 to TS-7 and TS-14 is fill water qualitycriteria And TS-8 to TS-15 is slightly polluted. Based on water quality class 4, TS-3 still fill the quality criteria andfourteenth of TS is slightly polluted

Large scale air monitoring: Biological indicators versus air particulate matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rossbach, M.; Jayasekera, R.; Kniewald, G.

2000-01-01

Biological indicator organisms are widely used for monitoring and banking purposes since many years. Although the complexity of the interactions between bioorganisms and their environment is generally not easily comprehensible, environmental quality assessment using the bioindicator approach offers some convincing advantages compared to direct analysis of soil, water, or air. Direct measurement of air particulates is restricted to experienced laboratories with access to expensive sampling equipment. Additionally, the amount of material collected generally is just enough for one determination per sampling and no multidimensional characterization might be possible. Further, fluctuations in air masses have a pronounced effect on the results from air filter sampling. Combining the integrating property of bioindicators with the world wide availability and uniform matrix characteristics of air particulates as a prerequisite for global monitoring of air pollution will be discussed. A new approach for sampling urban dust using large volume filtering devices installed in air conditioners of large hotel buildings is assessed. A first experiment was initiated to collect air particulates (300 to 500 g each) from a number of hotels during a period of three to four months by successive vacuum cleaning of used inlet filters from high volume air conditioning installations reflecting average concentrations per three months in different large cities. This approach is expected to be upgraded and applied for global monitoring. Highly positive correlated elements were found in lichen such as K/S, Zn/P, the rare earth elements (REE) and a significant negative correlation between Fig and Cu was observed in these samples. The ratio of concentrations of elements in dust and Usnea spp. is highest for Cr, Zn, and Fe (400-200) and lowest for elements such as Ca, Rb, and Sr (20-10). (author)

Air pollution and urban air quality management in Indonesia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santosa, Sri J. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta (Indonesia); Okuda, Tomoaki; Tanaka, Shigeru [Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama (Japan)

2008-06-15

The trade-led industry and economic development after the Asian financial crisis a decade ago has been accelerated in Indonesia to improve the quality of life of its population. This rapid development of Indonesia was in fact heavily fueled by fossil fuels, especially oil, followed by natural gas and coal. The exploitation of fossil fuel in fueling the development resulted in significant environmental quality degradation. Air pollution is perhaps Indonesia's most severe environmental problem. Industry and transportation were the typical main sources of urban air pollutants. Moreover, Indonesia also failed to reach its original 2005 target for a complete phase-out of leaded gasoline. As a result, the level of Pb together with other pollutants such as CO, NO{sub x}, SO{sub 2}, and total suspended particulates has exceeded or at least approached the designated ambient air quality standards. The urban air pollution will not be lesser in extent, but surely will be more severe in the future. Unfortunately, the capability of the Indonesian authorities to manage the urban air quality is still very limited and the portion of the budget allocated to the improvement of urban air quality is still remarkably low, typically 1% of total. This is why the efforts to enhance the capability to manage the urban air quality could not be handled by the environmental authorities in Indonesia's cities themselves, but outside stimulation in the form of man power, consultant and equipment assistance along with financial support has been very important. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

AirCompare

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — AirCompare contains air quality information that allows a user to compare conditions in different localities over time and compare conditions in the same location at...

12th Air Force > Home

Science.gov (United States)

Force AOR Travel Info News prevnext Slide show 76,410 pounds of food delivered to Haiti 12th Air Force the French Air Force, Colombian Air Force, Pakistan Air Force, Belgian Air Force, Brazilian Air Force

Energy use, air infiltration, and indoor air quality in well-insulated residences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koontz, M.D.; Nagda, N.L.

1989-01-01

This paper reports two unoccupied bilevel houses of identical design and construction studied to determine the relationships among air exchange, energy consumption, and indoor air quality. The experimental house was retrofitted to increase building tightness and was equipped with an air-to-air heat exchanger; the control house was kept in its initial state of construction. Infiltration, energy, indoor air quality, and environmental parameters were monitored in both houses before and after the retrofit. It was found that the retrofit decreased air infiltration rates by nearly 25 percent, heating energy savings of 12 to 20 percent were achieved through the retrofit, and among the pollutants monitored, only radon and radon progeny increased in proportion to the reduced infiltration. Similarly, when the heat exchanger was operated, radon and radon progeny were the only pollutants reduced in proportion to the added air exchange

STUDI KONDISI HIDROLOGIS SEBAGAI LOKASI PENEMPATAN TERUMBU BUATAN DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG BENOA BALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abd. Rahman As-Syakur

2016-03-01

Full Text Available STUDY OF HIDROLOGICAL CONDITION FOR ARTIFICIAL REEF LOCATION  IN TANJUNG BENOA BALIOne of the tourism which was demanded by the tourists are underwater activity, namely scuba diving and seawalker, where the main target underwater tourism activities is the beauty of the underwater in the form of coral and reef fish. The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrological condition of artificial reefs in Tanjung Benoa, Bali. The method used in determining the location is a purposive sampling method. Sampling was carried out in three (3 stations and taken randomly in the study site (Tanjung Benoa. Measurement of hydrological conditions include the temperature, salinity, water clarity, current, depth, turbidity, TSS, DO, Nitrate, Phosphate. Hydrological conditions measurements carried out in situ (direct and in laboratory. Data was analyzed by descriptive qualitative by comparing the quality of water based on the Ministry of the Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004 on Sea Water Quality Standard. Based on the results of hydrological conditions measurements, conditions of environmental parameters are still within the tolerance limit for the growth of marine biota. The basic conditions of the waters is not suitable for the placement of artificial reefs, this is because the substrate is muddy sand, where the basic conditions of these waters will submerge artificial reef into the sand.Keywords: artificial reef, hidrological condition, Tanjung BenoaABSTRAKSalah satu wisata yang sangat diminati oleh para wisatawan adalah wisata bawah air, yaitu scuba diving dan seawalker, dimana dalam kegiatan wisata bawah air yang menjadi target utama yaitu keindahan bawah air berupa terumbu karang dan ikan karang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi hidrologis terumbu karang buatan di Tanjung Benoa-Bali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi sampling adalah metode sampling pertimbangan, yaitu metode pengambilan lokasi dan sampel didasarkan atas

A novel, fuzzy-based air quality index (FAQI) for air quality assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Sowlat, Mohammad Hossein; Gharibi, Hamed; Yunesian, Masud; Tayefeh Mahmoudi, Maryam; Lotfi, Saeedeh

2011-04-01

The ever increasing level of air pollution in most areas of the world has led to development of a variety of air quality indices for estimation of health effects of air pollution, though the indices have their own limitations such as high levels of subjectivity. Present study, therefore, aimed at developing a novel, fuzzy-based air quality index (FAQI ) to handle such limitations. The index developed by present study is based on fuzzy logic that is considered as one of the most common computational methods of artificial intelligence. In addition to criteria air pollutants (i.e. CO, SO 2, PM 10, O 3, NO 2), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and 1,3-butadiene were also taken into account in the index proposed, because of their considerable health effects. Different weighting factors were then assigned to each pollutant according to its priority. Trapezoidal membership functions were employed for classifications and the final index consisted of 72 inference rules. To assess the performance of the index, a case study was carried out employing air quality data at five different sampling stations in Tehran, Iran, from January 2008 to December 2009, results of which were then compared to the results obtained from USEPA air quality index (AQI). According to the results from present study, fuzzy-based air quality index is a comprehensive tool for classification of air quality and tends to produce accurate results. Therefore, it can be considered useful, reliable, and suitable for consideration by local authorities in air quality assessment and management schemes. Fuzzy-based air quality index (FAQI).

Air pollution

OpenAIRE

MacKenbach, JP; Henschel, S; Goodman, P; McKee, M

2013-01-01

The human costs of air pollution are considerable in Jordan. According to a report published in 2000 by the World Bank under the Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP), approximately 600 people die prematurely each year in Jordan because of urban pollution. 50-90% of air pollution in Jordanian towns is caused by road traffic. Readings taken in 2007 by Jordanian researchers showed that levels of black carbon particles in the air were higher in urban areas (caused by v...

Research Article Special Issue

African Journals Online (AJOL)

pc

2017-11-10

Nov 10, 2017 ... acial Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTekn. MARA, Sungai Buloh ... pancreas, lung, colon, skin and prostate [6]. IC50 is used to indicate the concentration of inhibitor that require to inhibit a given biological ..... stress.International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2010, 11(5):2109–2117.

PENGETAHUAN GURU TENTANG BULLYING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fauziyah Indahyani

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat pengetahuan guru sekolah dasar tentang bullying di kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes pengetahuan, subjek penelitiannya adalah guru sekolah dasar di Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. Teknik pengambilan sampel data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah clustered sampling. Jumlah populasi penelitian adalah 403 guru dari sekolah dasar di kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. 40% di antaranya diambil sebagai sampel, sehingga sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 130 guru sekolah dasar dari kecamatan Sokaraja, Banyumas kabupaten Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan guru tentang bullying rata-rata, hal ini ditunjukkan dalam analisis yang menunjukkan bahwa 130 guru sekolah dasar, 92 di antaranya 70,77% kategori rata-rata dalam mengetahui bullying verbal (70,77%. Sedangkan untuk pengetahuan bullying fisik, dari 130 guru, 91 guru atau 70,00% dikategorikan ke tingkat rata-rata. Kemudian, dari 130 guru sekolah dasar, 70,00% dikategorikan ke dalam pengetahuan rata-rata yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan mental. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan tentang Bullying, Guru Sekolah Dasar

IDENTIFIKASI KAPANG PADA KECAP KEDELAI MANIS PRODUKSI LOKAL KEDIRI DENGAN METODE PENGENCERAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Durroh Humairoh

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Kecap kedelai merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi yang telah dikenal sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Namun kecap kedelai manis merupakan produk kecap kedelai yang merupakan produk khas Indonesia. Faktor keamanan pangan berkaitan dengan tercemar tidaknya pangan oleh cemaran mikrobiologis, logam berat, dan bahan kimia yang membahayakan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah kapang dan jenis kapang yang ditemukan pada sampel kecap produk lokal Kediri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengenceran hingga 101 dari 10 sampel kecap kedelai manis produksi lokal Kediri dengan merek yang berbeda. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel kecap kedelai manis ditemukan jumlah kapang sebanyak < 50 koloni/ml pada setiap sampelnya dan jenis kapang yang ditemukan meliputi Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., dan Mucor sp. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecap produksi Kediri aman dikonsumsi karena sesuai standar yang ditetapkan Pemerintah dalam SNI 3543: 2013.   Kata kunci: Jumlah koloni, Jenis kapang, Kecap kedelai manis, produk lokal Kediri

Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Coronary Heart Disease among Women Aged Older than 45 Years Old

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masriadi Masriadi

2016-11-01

Penyakit kardiovaskuler menyebabkan 8.6 juta kematian pada perempuan setiap tahun, yang merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak, yaitu sepertiga dari seluruh kematian perempuan di seluruh dunia. Setengah dari seluruh kematian perempuan berusia di atas 50 tahun disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung dan stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun di Rumah Sakit TNI AU Dody Sarjoto Makassar. Besar sampel sebanyak 76 sampel yang terdiri dari 64 kasus penyakit jantung koroner dan 12 kasus non penyakit jantung koroner. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji koefisien korelasi kontingensi (Exp (B terhadap variabel independen dan dependen. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah obesitas (Exp (B = 0.140, diabetes mellitus (Exp (B = 0.164, dan dislipidemia (Exp (B = 0.185 terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun dan faktor yang memiliki hubungan paling besar adalah dislipidemia.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP SUASANA PEMBELAJARAN YANG MENYENANGKAN PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prayogo Pangestu

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh hipotesis peneliti yang menduga adanya pengaruh antara pendidikan matematika realistik yang diterapkan guru dengan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan di kelas. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Pendidikan Matematika Realistik terhadap suasana pembelajaran yang terjadi di kelas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN Cempaka Putih 01 Ciputat, kota Tangerang Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan menggunakan angket sebagai instrumen pokok. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV-B yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampeling jenuh. Instrumen yang diberikan adalah angket dengan pernyataan untuk pendidikan matematika realistik sebanyak 12 pernyataan dan kesenangan belajar siswa sebanyak 15 pernyataan. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi dan regresi sederhana, diperoleh nilai rhitung sebesar 0,675, sedangkan rtabel pada taraf signifikan 0,5 yaitu sebesar 0,355. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa rhitung > rtabel. Hal ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang kuat antara pendidikan matematika realistik terhadap suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan.

Air quality management: challenges and solutions in delivering air quality action plans

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beattie, C.I.; Longhurst, J.W.S.; Woodfield, N.K.

2000-07-01

The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (DETR, 2001) has the aim of showing how improved local air quality in the UK may be delivered. Through a process of reviewing and assessing local air quality in both urban and rural localities, a clear picture is emerging of areas of the UK where air quality objectives are not likely to be met. The next challenge will be the identification of the required actions and new ways of working to achieve specific air quality objectives. The declaration of air quality management areas, where objectives are not predicted to be met by their target years, involves co-ordinated local action and collaborative working, which can only be effective with support across local authority departments and external stake holders. This paper provides a background to the relevant legislation underpinning, local air quality management and summarises the review and assessment process. It then comments on future directions in relation to the designation of Air Quality Management Areas and considers the requirements of action plans to deliver the goal of cleaner air in the UK. It is concluded that the UK has developed a highly sophisticated system of air quality management over a relatively short period of time, and with it has brought a new way of local authority working. The challenge of the next stage of the process is likely to be in implementing cost effective and proportional solutions to identified problems at the local level. (Author)

STUDI BIO-EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN ANALISIS SPASIAL KASUS MALARIA DAERAH LINTAS BATAS INDONESIA – MALAYSIA (PULAU SEBATIK KABUPATEN NUNUKAN, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Damar Tri Boewono

2013-02-01

Dinas Kesehatan. Walaupun demikian, kasus malaria masih banyak ditemukan beberapa tahun lalu. Penelitian komprehensif telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial kasus malaria dengan pemetaan menggunakaan geographical information system (GIS sehubungan dengan distribusi breeding habitat positip jentik nyamuk vektor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian vektor malaria spesifik, berdasarkan beberapa faktor bionomik, distribusi spasial kasus malaria dan breeding habitat positip jentik nyamuk vektor  dengan pemetaan GIS dan analisis indek jarak (distance index analyses dan status kerentanan vektor malaria terhadap insektisida.  Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa tiga spesies nyamuk dicurigai sebagai vektor malaria seperti: Anopheles balabacensis dan Anopheles maculatus (daerah pegunungan di pedalaman, seperti Desa Sungai Limau and Lapio, sebagai breeding habitat adalah air sumur/perigi, kolam dan parit. Daerah pantai, Desa Sungai Nyamuk dan Liang Bunyu, kolam dan lagoon/goba air payau ditemukan sebagai breeding habitat nyamuk Anopheles sundaicus (dicurigai sebagai vektor malaria. Vektor malaria (An. balabacensis and An. maculatus, ditemukan sudah resisten terhadap insektisida Permetrin dan Lambdacyhalotrin tetapi masih toleran terhadap Malation. Insektisida alternatif perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pengendalian vektor malaria.  Analisis spasial diketahui bahwa kasus malaria tersebar mengelompok clumped/cluster, buffer zones terhadap breeding habitat (< 400 meter sebagai indikasi penularan lokal/setempat (indigenous sehubungan dengan perilaku vektor  dan kurang disebabkan  mobititas manusia.  Pengendalian vektor malaria di Desa Sungai Limau (daerah endemis perlu diperhatikan secara khusus,  Manajemen vektor secara terpadu baik aplikasi dalam rumah  (indoors treatment seperti indoor residual spraying/IRS (penyemprotan insektisida pada dinding rumah, atau distribusi kelambu berinsektisida (LLIN dan aplikasi breeding habitat jentik nyamuk

Air pollution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strauss, W; Mainwaring, S J

1984-01-01

This book deals with the nature of air pollution. The numerous sources of unwanted gases and dust particles in the air are discussed. Details are presented of the effects of pollutants on man, animals, vegetation and on inanimate materials. Methods used to measure, monitor and control air pollution are presented. The authors include information on the socio-economic factors which impinge on pollution control and on the problems the future will bring as methods of generating energy change and industries provide new sources of pollutants.

Air Filtration as Protection against Fouling of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Units

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel; Lajčíková, Ariana

2005-01-01

Currently, air filters are one of the most critical components of air treatment systems as they decontaminate the air delivered to living space. During the operation, however, the level of harmful surface deposits increases, and at certain times, an uncleaned filter can itself become a source...... of undesirable contaminents influencing negatively the IAQ of a living space. This is the phenomenon that has been a subject of the current research. The article presents a new, alternative view on indoor air contaminents and filtration requirements. It describes alternative means of filtration and assesses...... issues of inadequate maintenance and/or long term use of applied air filters. An experimental method of evealuating the air quality by means of chemical analysis and state-of-the-art spectrometer is also described....

Pollution prevention for cleaner air: EPA's air and energy engineering research laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaver, E.M.

1992-01-01

The article discusses the role of EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) in pollution prevention research for cleaner air. For more than 20 years, AEERL has been conducting research to identify control approaches for the pollutants and sources which contribute to air quality problems. The Laboratory has successfully developed and demonstrated cost-effective sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate control technologies for fossil fuel combustion sources. More recently, it has expanded its research activities to include indoor air quality, radon, organic control, stratospheric ozone depletion, and global warming. AEERL also develops inventories of air emissions of many types. Over the last several years, it has made substantial efforts to expand research on pollution prevention as the preferred choice for air emissions reduction

Feasibility of a solar-assisted winter air-conditioning system using evaporative air-coolers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Awad, Mohamed M. [Mechanical Engineering Department, the University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321 Khartoum (Sudan)

2011-07-01

The paper presents a winter air-conditioning system which is suitable for regions with mildly cold but dry winters. The system modifies the evaporative air-cooler that is commonly used for summer air-conditioning in such regions by adding a heating process after the humidification process. The paper describes a theoretical model that is used to estimate the system's water and energy consumption. It is shown that a 150-LPD solar heater is adequate for air-conditioning a 500 ft3/min (14.4 m3/min) air flow rate for four hours of operation. The maximum air-flow rate that can be heated by a single solar water-heater for four hours of operation is about 900-cfm, unless a solar water heater large than a 250-LPD heater is used. For the 500 ft3/min air flow rate the paper shows that the 150, 200, 250 and 300 LPD solar water-heaters can provide air-conditioning for 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours, respectively, while consuming less energy than the equivalent refrigerated-type air-conditioner.

Optimization of recirculating laminar air flow in operating room air conditioning systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enver Yalcin

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The laminar flow air-conditioning system with 100% fresh air is used in almost all operating rooms without discrimination in Turkey. The laminar flow device which is working with 100% fresh air should be absolutely used in Type 1A operating rooms. However, there is not mandatory to use of 100% fresh air for Type 1B defined as places performed simpler operation. Compared with recirculating laminar flow, energy needs of the laminar flow with 100 % fresh air has been emerged about 40% more than re-circulated air flow. Therefore, when a recirculating laminar flow device is operated instead of laminar flow system with 100% fresh air in the Type 1B operating room, annual energy consumption will be reduced. In this study, in an operating room with recirculating laminar flow, optimal conditions have been investigated in order to obtain laminar flow form by analyzing velocity distributions at various supply velocities by using computational fluid dynamics method (CFD.

Air filtration and air cooling in dairies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rubzov, J A

1986-01-01

In addition to the maintenance of optimum temperatures and relative humidities, a continuous cleaning of the circulating air by means of suspended matter filters and regular disinfection of the spaces and equipment are required in the maturing and storage room for cheese. This contribution presents solutions to the use of suspended matter filters in air cooling plant for dairies in the U.S.S.R.

DAN IDENTIFIKASI PATOGEN POTENSIAL YANG MENGINFEKSI IKAN RAINBOW (Melanotaenia sp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lili Sholichah

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Pemeliharaan ikan rainbow (Melanotaenia sp. di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias selalu terjadi kematian secara bertahap mulai calon induk hingga proses pemijahan. Hal ini terjadi berulang kali sehingga ketersediaan induk Melanotaenia sp. sangat terancam. Ikan ini berasal dari Papua yang diperoleh mengandalkan penangkapan di alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisir dan mengidentifikasi berbagai patogen (parasit, jamur, bakteri potensial yang menginfeksi ikan rainbow yang dipelihara di dalam akuarium berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm dengan sistem aliran air stagnan. Tiga jenis rainbow yang dipelihara yaitu: rainbow Sungai Salawati, asal Sungai Sawiat, dan asal Danau Kurumoi. Setiap ikan masing-masing berjumlah 100 ekor dipelihara di akuarium dengan penambahan batu karang dan tanpa penambahan karang (kontrol ke dalam akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan sekenyangnya berupa jentik nyamuk dan cacing rambut beku setiap pagi dan sore hari. Sampling dilakukan secara random sebulan sekali dan secara unrandom setiap ada kejadian ikan sakit. Gejala klinis ikan yang sakit sebagai berikut: ikan berenang di permukaan dan menggosok-gosokkan badan di dinding akuarium, nafsu makan berkurang, gerakan berputar-putar, warna memudar menjadi putih, penekanan warna hitam pada sirip punggung dan perut meningkat, pendarahan pada perut, lendir berlebihan dan sangat berbau, serta sisik berdiri/terbuka. Diagnosa dan deteksi penyakit awal berupa pengamatan parasit baik ektoparasit maupun endoparasit, pengamatan dan isolasi jamur pada media selektif jamur, dan isolasi bakteri dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis patogen yang menginfeksi ketiga jenis ikan rainbow. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji histologi dan analisa DNA beberapa patogen. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh patogen berupa parasit (Ichthyophthirius sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., dan Trichodina sp. dan bakteri (Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter sp

Air Quality of Beijing and Impacts of the New Ambient Air Quality Standard

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Chen

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Beijing has been publishing daily reports on its air quality since 2000, and while the air pollution index (API shows that the air quality has improved greatly since 2000, this is not the perception of Beijing’s residents. The new national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS-2012, which includes the monitoring of PM2.5, has posed stricter standards for evaluating air quality. With the new national standard, the air quality in Beijing is calculated using both NAAQS-2012 and the previous standard. The annual attainment rate has dropped from 75.5% to 50.7%. The spatial analysis of air quality shows that only a background station could attain the national standard, while urban and suburban stations exceed the national standard. Among the six pollutants included in the NAAQS-2012, PM2.5 is the major contributor to the air quality index (AQI comparing with the five other pollutants. The results indicate that under previous NAAQS without PM2.5 monitoring, the air quality has improved greatly in the past decade.  By considering PM2.5, the air quality attainment has dropped greatly. Furthermore, a great effort is needed for local government to bring down the PM2.5 concentration.

Impact of individually controlled facially applied air movement on perceived air quality at high humidity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skwarczynski, Mariusz; Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Kaczmarczyk, J.

2010-01-01

and local air velocity under a constant air temperature of 26 degrees C, namely: 70% relative humidity without air movement, 30% relative humidity without air movement and 70% relative humidity with air movement under isothermal conditions. Personalized ventilation was used to supply room air from the front...

Influence of local air velocity from air conditioner evaluated by salivary and skin biomarkers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, Masaki; Takahashi, Takayuki; Yoshino, Yuichiro; Sasaki, Makoto [Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Nishimiya, Hajime [Asahi Kasei Homes Corporation, R and D Laboratories, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji, Shizuoka 416-8501 (Japan)

2010-11-15

The purpose of this paper is to reveal both the psychosomatic and the physical effects of local air velocity from an air conditioner using biomarkers which can be collected noninvasively. Salivary {alpha}-amylase activity (SAA) and salivary cortisol were used as the indexes of psychosomatic effects. The total protein (TP) collected from stratum corneum was used as an index of the physical condition of dry skin. A continuous experiment over a 5 days period in summer was conducted using 8 healthy young male adults for 2-types of airflow conditioners, a whole ceiling-type air conditioner (without local air velocity) and a normal-type air conditioner (with local air velocity). The subjects felt cool, windy, dry and uncomfortable when under the normal-type air conditioner as determined in a subjective evaluation. The SAA under the normal-type air conditioner fluctuated more widely than with the whole ceiling-type air conditioner. The level of salivary cortisol decreased more in a day under the normal-type air conditioner than with the whole ceiling-type air conditioner. These results showed that reducing local air velocity may provide more healthy psychosomatic conditions over the long-term. Moreover, the TP of a drying-exposed skin area showed a significant change during this experiment whereas the TP of drying-protected area was relatively unchanged. It was indicated that one week's exposure to local air velocity conditions possibly influences the drying of facial skin. Thus, air movement at low velocity can be provides more comfortable conditions not only psychosomatically but also physically. (author)

Research Article Special Issue

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Published online: 10 September 2017 be quickly transmitted without any boundaries within the present m. From this, the Islamic State (IS) organization of Iraq and Syria is a ers in a faster and effective way. Malaysian police have identified mor counts that being used to ...

Beyond Close Air Support. Forging a New Air-Ground Partnership

Science.gov (United States)

2005-01-01

the "eth- nic cleansing." Despite months of effort, air attacks did little damage to Serb forces. Those in Kosovo not only survived, they even...Blue Moon: Airmen in Theater Command, CADRE Paper No. 7, Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, 2000. Biddle , Stephen, Afghanistan and the...Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and Defense Policy, Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2002. Biddle , Stephen

Air Quality | Air Quality Planning & Standards | US EPA

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-08

Air pollution comes from many different sources: stationary sources such as factories, power plants, and smelters and smaller sources such as dry cleaners and degreasing operations; mobile sources such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains; and naturally occurring sources such as windblown dust, and volcanic eruptions, all contribute to air pollution.

Help From Above: Air Force Close Air Support of the Army. 1946-1973

Science.gov (United States)

2003-01-01

support as but one ele- ment within a larger package called tactical air support challenges the researcher . Even though close air support is but one of...of the prewar gaps in the close air support picture. Of all the close air support developments that emerged from the war, however, airmen looked upon...to reduce the AAF’s impressive World War II close air support capabilities to a token force in the short space of five years, these budgetary

Air lasing

CERN Document Server

Cheng, Ya

2018-01-01

This book presents the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of the rapidly developing field of air lasing. In most applications of lasers, such as cutting and engraving, the laser source is brought to the point of service where the laser beam is needed to perform its function. However, in some important applications such as remote atmospheric sensing, placing the laser at a convenient location is not an option. Current sensing schemes rely on the detection of weak backscattering of ground-based, forward-propagating optical probes, and possess limited sensitivity. The concept of air lasing (or atmospheric lasing) relies on the idea that the constituents of the air itself can be used as an active laser medium, creating a backward-propagating, impulsive, laser-like radiation emanating from a remote location in the atmosphere. This book provides important insights into the current state of development of air lasing and its applications.

Microfluidic liquid-air dual-gradient chip for synergic effect bio-evaluation of air pollutant.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xian-Jun; Hu, Shan-Wen; Xu, Bi-Yi; Zhao, Ge; Li, Xiang; Xie, Fu-Wei; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2018-05-15

In this paper, a novel prototype liquid-air dual gradient chip is introduced, which has paved the way for effective synergic effect bio-evaluation of air pollutant. The chip is composed of an array of the agarose liquid-air interfaces, top air gradient layer and bottom liquid gradient layer. The novel agarose liquid-air interface allows for non-biased exposure of cells to all the substances in the air and diffusive interactions with the liquid phase; while the dual liquid-air gradient provides powerful screening abilities, which well reduced errors, saved time and cost from repeated experiment. Coupling the two functions, the chip subsequently facilitates synergic effect evaluation of both liquid and air factors on cells. Here cigarette smoke was taken as the model air pollutant, and its strong synergic effects with inflammatory level of A549 lung cancer cells on their fate were successfully quantified for the first time. These results well testified that the proposed dual-gradient chip is powerful and indispensable for bio-evaluation of air pollutant. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Long-term Changes in Extreme Air Pollution Meteorology and the Implications for Air Quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Pei; Wu, Shiliang

2016-03-31

Extreme air pollution meteorological events, such as heat waves, temperature inversions and atmospheric stagnation episodes, can significantly affect air quality. Based on observational data, we have analyzed the long-term evolution of extreme air pollution meteorology on the global scale and their potential impacts on air quality, especially the high pollution episodes. We have identified significant increasing trends for the occurrences of extreme air pollution meteorological events in the past six decades, especially over the continental regions. Statistical analysis combining air quality data and meteorological data further indicates strong sensitivities of air quality (including both average air pollutant concentrations and high pollution episodes) to extreme meteorological events. For example, we find that in the United States the probability of severe ozone pollution when there are heat waves could be up to seven times of the average probability during summertime, while temperature inversions in wintertime could enhance the probability of severe particulate matter pollution by more than a factor of two. We have also identified significant seasonal and spatial variations in the sensitivity of air quality to extreme air pollution meteorology.

Perencanaan Check Dam Sungai Dawe Kudus

OpenAIRE

Mustaanah, Adibatul; Pinandoyo, Nur; Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Wahyuni, Sri Eko

2013-01-01

Juana river's located in two administrative regions Kudus and Pati had superficial. This is because the slope of the river is quite gentle and the level of environmental degradation in the watershed (DAS) Juana river's have increased. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to plan the construction of sediment control (check dams) to reduce sedimentation along the river and optimize the function of the Juana river's. Planning is performed on Dawe river's ,the branch of Juana river's. From ...

PENCIRIAN DEBIT ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM HULU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yayat Hidayat

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Citarum is one of strategic rivers in West Java. In the upper part of this river, there are 3 large dams (Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur which operates hydroelectric power that supply ± 20% electricity needs of Java-Bali area. Run off discharge of the river are fluctuating widely so greatly affect the performance of electricity production, supply of irrigation, and household water in the downstream area. The research aims to identify character of river discharge of Citarum Hulu and its relation with land use changes and farm management. River discharge were analyzed at the inlet of Saguling dam in Kampung Nanjung and some stream monitoring stations located in Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cikapundung-Gandok. River discharge was highly fluctuating. In the peak of rainy season the flow rate can reach 578 m3/sec which caused flooding in several area such as Majalaya, Banjaran, and Dayeuhkolot. In contrary, in dry season the flow was very low, about 2.7 m3/sec, causing drought, failure of rice harvest, and reduced water supply to hydropower plant of Saguling. In addition to affecting rainfall patterns, the flow rate fluctuations was also influenced by pattern of land use and management. Land utilization that was not in accordance with the land capability was the main cause of land degradation which in turn would decrease hydrology function of watershed to control river discharge in rainy season.

Air filtration in HVAC systems

CERN Document Server

Ginestet, Alain; Tronville, Paolo; Hyttinen, Marko

2010-01-01

Air filtration Guidebook will help the designer and user to understand the background and criteria for air filtration, how to select air filters and avoid problems associated with hygienic and other conditions at operation of air filters. The selection of air filters is based on external conditions such as levels of existing pollutants, indoor air quality and energy efficiency requirements.

Air Leakage and Air Transfer Between Garage and Living Space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rudd, Armin [Building Science Corporation, Westford, MA (United States)

2014-09-01

This research project focused on evaluation of air transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated air from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional zone pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house air leakage, the garage-to-house air leakage, and garage and house pressure relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and air tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house air leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed.

14 CFR 234.13 - Reports by air carriers on incidents involving animals during air transport.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... involving animals during air transport. 234.13 Section 234.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY... REPORTS § 234.13 Reports by air carriers on incidents involving animals during air transport. (a) Any air... during air transport provided by the air carrier. (b) The report shall be made in the form and manner set...

Effects of open-air temperature on air temperature inside biological safety cabinet.

Science.gov (United States)

Umemura, Masayuki; Shigeno, Katsuro; Yamamura, Keiko; Osada, Takashi; Soda, Midori; Yamada, Kiyofumi; Ando, Yuichi; Wakiya, Yoshifumi

2011-02-14

In Japan, biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are normally used by medical staff while handling antineoplastic agents. We have also set up a class II B2 BSC at the Division of Chemotherapy for Outpatients. The air temperature inside this BSC, however, decreases in winter. We assumed that this decrease is caused by the intake of open-air. Therefore, we investigated the effects of low open-air temperature on the BSC temperature and the time of admixtures of antineoplastic agents. The studies were conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2008. The outdoor air temperature was measured in the shade near the intake nozzle of the BSC and was compared with the BSC temperature. The correlation between the outdoor air temperature and the BSC temperature, the dissolution time of cyclophosphamide (CPA) and gemcitabine (GEM), and accurate weight measurement of epirubicin (EPI) solution were investigated for low and normal BSC temperatures. The BSC temperature was correlated with the open-air temperature for open-air temperatures of 5-20°C (p air is drawn from outdoors. We showed that the BSC temperature affects the dissolution rate of antineoplastic agents. Further, we suggested that the BSC temperature drop might delay the affair of the admixtures of antineoplastic agents and increase the waiting time of outpatients for chemotherapy.

Comparison of desiccant air conditioning systems with different indirect evaporative air coolers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pandelidis, Demis; Anisimov, Sergey; Worek, William M.; Drąg, Paweł

2016-01-01

Highlights: • A numerical study of desiccant air conditioning systems is presented. • The ε-NTU model is used for the analysis. • Different arrangements of the desiccant systems were compared. • The systems were compared under different operating conditions. - Abstract: This paper presents a numerical analysis of three desiccant air-conditioning systems equipped with different indirect evaporative air coolers: (1) the cross-flow Maisotsenko cycle heat and mass exchanger (HMX), (2) the regenerative counter-flow Maisotsenko cycle heat and mass exchanger and (3) the standard cross-flow evaporative air cooler. To analyze the desiccant wheel and the indirect evaporative air coolers, the modified ε-NTU-model was used. The simulations were performed under assumption that the desiccant wheel is regenerated with air heated to relatively low temperature values (50–60 °C), which can be produced with solar panels in typical moderate climatic conditions. It was established that the main advantage of the presented solutions is that they can provide comfort conditions even with less effective dehumidification. The different systems were compared under variable selected operational factors (i.e. inlet air temperature, humidity and regeneration air temperature). The analysis allowed establishing the advantages and disadvantages of presented solutions and allowed estimating their application potential.

A review of air exchange rate models for air pollution exposure assessments.

Science.gov (United States)

Breen, Michael S; Schultz, Bradley D; Sohn, Michael D; Long, Thomas; Langstaff, John; Williams, Ronald; Isaacs, Kristin; Meng, Qing Yu; Stallings, Casson; Smith, Luther

2014-11-01

A critical aspect of air pollution exposure assessments is estimation of the air exchange rate (AER) for various buildings where people spend their time. The AER, which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for entry of outdoor air pollutants and for removal of indoor-emitted air pollutants. This paper presents an overview and critical analysis of the scientific literature on empirical and physically based AER models for residential and commercial buildings; the models highlighted here are feasible for exposure assessments as extensive inputs are not required. Models are included for the three types of airflows that can occur across building envelopes: leakage, natural ventilation, and mechanical ventilation. Guidance is provided to select the preferable AER model based on available data, desired temporal resolution, types of airflows, and types of buildings included in the exposure assessment. For exposure assessments with some limited building leakage or AER measurements, strategies are described to reduce AER model uncertainty. This review will facilitate the selection of AER models in support of air pollution exposure assessments.

Impact of individually controlled facially applied air movement on perceived air quality at high humidity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skwarczynski, M.A. [Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Indoor Environment Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin (Poland); International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen (Denmark); Melikov, A.K.; Lyubenova, V. [International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen (Denmark); Kaczmarczyk, J. [Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice (Poland)

2010-10-15

The effect of facially applied air movement on perceived air quality (PAQ) at high humidity was studied. Thirty subjects (21 males and 9 females) participated in three, 3-h experiments performed in a climate chamber. The experimental conditions covered three combinations of relative humidity and local air velocity under a constant air temperature of 26 C, namely: 70% relative humidity without air movement, 30% relative humidity without air movement and 70% relative humidity with air movement under isothermal conditions. Personalized ventilation was used to supply room air from the front toward the upper part of the body (upper chest, head). The subjects could control the flow rate (velocity) of the supplied air in the vicinity of their bodies. The results indicate an airflow with elevated velocity applied to the face significantly improves the acceptability of the air quality at the room air temperature of 26 C and relative humidity of 70%. (author)

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yekti Widodo

2012-11-01

Full Text Available STRATEGY TO IMPROVEMENT EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING COVERAGEBackground: Exclusive breastfeeding practice in Indonesia not yet gratified, ranging from 3,6% up to 27,5%. Therefore require to be developed a promotion strategy to motivate the exclusive breastfeeding, by entangling target of besides mother with given by a complete information about exclusive breastfeeding. Objectlves: Knowing exclusive breastfeeding promotion impact to coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This research represent the research observational, with kohort design. Sampel research is all pregnancy women which old age its pregnancy have entered the third trimester. All sampel research given the counselling with interpersonal communication and non-formal condition and also the discussion with husband, parent, grandmother. At this research the strategy counselling to motivate the exclusive breastfeeding by giving information about exclusive breastfeeding, creating condition and environment supporting, improving husband involvement, other family member, traditional birth attendant, cadre, and rural midwife (bidan di desa and also lessen the negative consequence, like busy, baby rewel, and insufficient breastfeeding. Counselling conducted by special worker which have been trained, since the pregnant women in third trimester until the baby 4 month ages. Results: Total sampel in this research is 221 all family have been given the motivation for the pracllcaly of exclusive breastfeeding. From 221 sampel gave the motivation 110 sampel (49,8% earning given exclusive breastfeeding during 4 month, while 111 sampel (50,2% cannot given exclusive breastfeeding because some reason among other things: husband, arent, and or parent in law not support, feel too busy, child need the practice eat, fear later child become difficult eat. This applying counselling strategy can motivate the mother to give the exclusive breastfeeding during 4 month reach 49,8%. This matter indicate that this

GSPEL - Air Filtration Laboratory

Data.gov (United States)

Federal Laboratory Consortium — Evaluation capabilities for air filtration devicesThe Air Filtration Lab provides testing of air filtration devices to demonstrate and validate new or legacy system...

Integrating air-related health surveillance into air quality management: perceptions and practicalities

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Wright, C

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Health surveillance is presently not an integral part of air quality management in South Africa, although ambient air pollution standards are derived from health effects of personal exposure. In a survey to air quality officials and environmental...

Analysis of Direct Outdoor Air Cooling Efficency for Combined Variable Air Volume Air-conditioning System in Stores in Cold Climates of China

OpenAIRE

Luo, Zhiwen

2006-01-01

Direct outdoor air cooling contributes a lot not only to the improvement of the indoor air quality but also to the energy saving. Its full use will reduce the water chiller’s running time especially in some stores where cooling load keeps much higher and longer than that in other buildings. A novel air-conditioning system named Combined Variable Air Volume system (CVAV), combining a normal AHU with a separate outdoor air supply system, was proposed firstly by the authors. The most attractive ...

KARAKTERISTIK RUMAH TANGGA RAWAN PANGAN UNTUK PEMANTAUAN KONSUMSI DALAM PWSPG DI DUA DESA IDT DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sri Prihatini

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan analisis terhadap karakteristik rumah tangga dari data penelitian tentang metode kualitatif untuk menggambarkan perubahan konsumsi secara kuantitatif di dua desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Boyolali. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mencari karakteristik rumah tangga rawan pangan untuk pemantauan konsumsi dalam PWS-PG (Pemantauan Wilayah Setempat Pangan dan Gizi. Sampel adalah rumah tangga (RMT dengan keadaan sosial ekonomi rendah atau miskin. Sampel dipilih oleh pamong desa dan kepala dusun secara purposive sebanyak 50 rumah tangga di masing-masing desa. Jumlah sampel seluruhnya adalah 100 rumah tangga. Daya yang dikumpulkan yaitu data konsumsi pangan dan sosial ekonomi keluarga meliputi jumlah anggota rumah tangga, mata pencaharian, tingkat pendidikan kepala keluarga, keadaan perumahan dan pemilikan barang berharga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 RMT yang diamati, 64 RMT diantaranya mengalami penurunan konsumsi pada musim paceklik, dengan karakteristik yaitu 79 RMT (79% mempunyai anggota rumah tangga lebih dari 4 orang, 48 RMT (48% dengan pendidikan KK kurang dari 6 tahun, 78 RMT (78% dengan keadaan perumahan sedang (dinding papan dan lantai tanah dan 52 RMT (52% tidak memiliki barang berharga. Hasil Analisis T-test Proporsi menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perubahan konsumsi energi dengan jumlah anggota rumah tangga, tingkat pendidikan kepala keluarga, keadaan perumahan dan pemilikan barang berharga. Pemilihan 10 KK sampel untuk pemantauan konsumsi pangan dalam PWS-PG di tingkat dusun, tetap dapat dilakukan dengan kriteria yang sudah ada yaitu pemilikan lahan sempit dan pekerjaan tidak tetap.

PENETAPAN KADAR RESIDU ORGANOKLORIN DAN TAKSIRAN RESIKO KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP RESIDU PESTISIDA ORGANOKLORIN PADA 10 KOMODITI PANGAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ani Isnawati

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Usaha untuk mendapatkan hasil pertanian yang meningkat tidak ekonomis jika tidak menggunakan pestisida untuk menanggulangi serangan hama tanaman. Selain memberikan keuntungan bagi petani, disisi lain residu pestisida dapat membahayakan konsumen dalam batas-batas tertentu. Pemakaian pestisida  organoklorin telah dilarang penggunaannya melalui Menteri Pertanian nomor 434.1/kpts/TP.270/7/2001 karena sifatnya yang persisten. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui sejauh mana residu pestistda organoklorin masih ada dikomoditi makanan, maka dilakukan penetapan kadar residu pestisida organoklorin dan melakukan perhitungan taksiran resiko terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Sampel adalah 10 jenis makanan (beras, }agung, kacang panjang, pisang ambon, tahu tempe, daging sapi, daging ayam, ikan mas, ikan gabus yang paling banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat yang digolongkan sebagai makanan pokok, lauk, sayur dan buah. Tempat pengambilan sampel dipilih secara purposif dt wilayah propinsi Jawa Barat dari 3 kota besar, yaitu Bandung, Cirebon dan Serang. sepuluh jenis sampel diambil secara acak sederhana di beberapa kios di satu pasar tradisional dart tiap kota. Penetapan kadar residu organoklorin dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas. Sampel diambil secara acak sederhana dibeberapa kios di satu pasar tradisional dari tiap kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daging sapi yang berasal dari Bandung merupakan jenis makanan yang terdeteksi pestisida organoklorin, yaitu: alfa-endosulfon dan beta endosulfon dengan kadar masing-masing 0,0284 mg/kg dan 0,0249 mg/kg. Kadar yang didapat masih di bawah BMR (Batas Maksimum Residu dan nilai ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake untuk endosulfon, sehingga tidak berisiko terhadap masyarakat yang mengkonsumsinya.

Perbedaan Kadar Calprotectin Sebelum Dan Sesudah Radioterapi Pada Pasien Karsinoma Nasofaring Akibat Infeksi Epstein-Barr Virus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Latar belakang: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV adalah anggota herpes virus berkaitan dengan etiologi karsinoma nasofaring (KNF. Pada pasien KNF jumlah monosit dalam sel darah tepi mengalami penurunan dan kebanyakan masih dalam bentuk immature sehingga menurunkan respon imun pasien serta meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Radioterapi merupakan salah satu metode terapi yang banyak digunakan untuk kasus KNF. Calprotectin diproduksi dalam sitoplasma sel monosit dan levelnya meningkat pada beberapa penyakit inflamasi, termasuk inflamasi jaringan periodontal, ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar calprotectin pada cairan sulkus gingiva (CSG. Tujuan: mengkaji perbedaan kadar calprotectin pada pasien KNF sebelum dan setelah dilakukan radioterapi, pada sel monosit, serum dan CSG. Metode Penelitian: sepuluh pasien KNF akibat infeksi EBV digunakan sebagai subjek dalam penelitian ini. Lima orang sebagai sampel kelompok sebelum radioterapi dan 5 orang sebagai sampel kelompok sesudah radioterapi. Dari masing-masing pasien diambil sel monosit dan serum darah tepi serta CSG. Kadar calprotectin diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: kadar calprotectin pada kelompok sampel sebelum radioterapi lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok sam pel sesudah radioterapi dilihat melalui sel monosit dan serum darah tepi. Sementara dari CSG, kadar calprotectin kelompok sampel sebelum radioterapi nampak lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok sesudah radioterapi. Hasil analisis statistik Anova menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan kadar calprotectin pada sel monosit, serum darah tepi dan CSG pasien KNF antara sebelum dan sesudah radioterapi. Pada sel monosit dan serum darah tepi, terjadi penurunan kadar calprotectin, sementara pada CSG terjadi peningkatan kadar calprotectin antara sebelum dan sesudah radioterapi.

Local Air Quality Conditions and Forecasts

Science.gov (United States)

... Monitor Location Archived Maps by Region Canada Air Quality Air Quality on Google Earth Links A-Z About AirNow AirNow International Air Quality Action Days / Alerts AirCompare Air Quality Index (AQI) ...

AIR NCO's AND AIRMEN

African Journals Online (AJOL)

D.F.C. o Proceeded to Cape Town 9:5:22. Left Cape Town for. African Protectorate 25:2:22. J Left for South West African Protectorate 25:2:22. [ Left for South West African Protectorate. 1:6:22. Colonel: Director of Air Services. Air Directorate. 6th June 1922. SOUTH AFRICAN AIR FORCE. NOMINAL ROLL OF AIR W.O.'s,.

Air quality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

This chapter of the 'Assessment of the state of the environment in Lebanon' describes the air quality and identifies the most important air quality issues. Baseline information about the factors affecting dispersion and the climate of Lebanon presents as well and overall estimation of total emissions in Lebanon. Emissions from vehicles, electricity and power plants generation are described. Industrial emitters of air pollutants are described for each kind of industry i.e.cement plants, Selaata fertilizer factory, sugar-beet factory, refineries and for those derived from the use of leaded fuel . Impact of economic and human activities on air quality in Lebanon (especially in Beirut and Tripoli) are quantified by quantities of CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , total suspended particulates(TSP), deposition and their environmental effects on health. In abscence of emissions monitoring, data available are expressed in terms of fuel use, output and appropriate empirical factors, national output and workfores sizes. Finally key issues and some potential mitigation /management approaches are presented

Air sampling in the workplace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hickey, E.E.; Stoetzel, G.A.; Strom, D.J.; Cicotte, G.R.; Wiblin, C.M.; McGuire, S.A.

1993-09-01

This report provides technical information on air sampling that will be useful for facilities following the recommendations in the NRC's Regulatory Guide 8.25, Revision 1, ''Air sampling in the Workplace.'' That guide addresses air sampling to meet the requirements in NRC's regulations on radiation protection, 10 CFR Part 20. This report describes how to determine the need for air sampling based on the amount of material in process modified by the type of material, release potential, and confinement of the material. The purposes of air sampling and how the purposes affect the types of air sampling provided are discussed. The report discusses how to locate air samplers to accurately determine the concentrations of airborne radioactive materials that workers will be exposed to. The need for and the methods of performing airflow pattern studies to improve the accuracy of air sampling results are included. The report presents and gives examples of several techniques that can be used to evaluate whether the airborne concentrations of material are representative of the air inhaled by workers. Methods to adjust derived air concentrations for particle size are described. Methods to calibrate for volume of air sampled and estimate the uncertainty in the volume of air sampled are described. Statistical tests for determining minimum detectable concentrations are presented. How to perform an annual evaluation of the adequacy of the air sampling is also discussed

TINJAUAN ULANG MATERI AJAR GERAK LURUS BERATURAN MELALUI PERCOBAAN GRAVITY CURRENT DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. K. Wardani

2013-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAKDalam konteks problem-based learning, salah satu masalah belajar fisika di sekolah dan di universitas adalah keterkaitan antara materi ajar dan fenomena alam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masih minimum. Siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan dosen masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memberikan contoh nyata GLB. Penelitian ini meninjau ulang materi ajar gerak lurus beraturan melalui percobaan gravity current sebagai sistem dua fluida dengan beda kerapatan di laboratorium dalam upaya mencari contoh nyata sistem fisis yang bergerak sepanjang garis lurus dengan kecepatan tetap. Penelitian ini dapat dipandang sebagai model proses intrusi air laut di estuari, tempat pertukaran massa air laut dan air sungai. Fokus penelitian adalah membuktikan bahwa gravity current bergerak dengan kecepatan tetap dan menentukan faktor-faktor dinamik kecepatan. Pengukuran akurat waktu tempuh dan tinggi permukaan air dalam tangki percobaan memberikan kecepatan tak-berdimensi gravity current sebesar 0,45 ± 0,03 dengan beda kerapatan massa dan tinggi awal permukaan air merupakan dua faktor dinamik penentu kecepatan. ABSTRACTIn the context of problem-based learning, one of learning difficulties in physics at schools and universities is theminimum relevance of learning materials to natural phenomena. School and university students still have difficulties in giving real examples of uniform motion. This research examines uniform motion by performing laboratory experiments on gravity current as a system of two fluids with different densities. The experiments were designed to provide a factual case of a moving system with constant speed and to model salt intrusion in an estuary, where sea water and river stream meets. The research focused on the dynamics of gravity currents and determines factors affecting the speed. Based on measurements of travel time and initial height of water surface in all experiments, the results showed that the non-dimensional speed was found to be 0.45 ± 0

Clearing the air. Air quality modelling for policy support

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hendriks, C.

2017-01-01

The studies presented in this thesis were performed to provide policy makers with more accurate information about the sources of air pollution and the possible consequences of future developments on air quality. This enables policy makers to make better informed decisions when formulating policies

77 FR 30087 - Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-21

... and 81 Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Implementation of the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone: Nonattainment Area Classifications...-9668-2] RIN 2060-AP37 Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality...

Applications Using AIRS Data

Science.gov (United States)

Ray, S. E.; Pagano, T. S.; Fetzer, E. J.; Lambrigtsen, B.; Olsen, E. T.; Teixeira, J.; Licata, S. J.; Hall, J. R.; Thompson, C. K.

2015-12-01

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA's Aqua spacecraft has been returning daily global observations of Earth's atmospheric constituents and properties since 2002. With a 12-year data record and daily, global observations in near real-time, AIRS data can play a role in applications that fall under many of the NASA Applied Sciences focus areas. For vector-borne disease, research is underway using AIRS near surface retrievals to assess outbreak risk, mosquito incubation periods and epidemic potential for dengue fever, malaria, and West Nile virus. For drought applications, AIRS temperature and humidity data are being used in the development of new drought indicators and improvement in the understanding of drought development. For volcanic hazards, new algorithms using AIRS data are in development to improve the reporting of sulfur dioxide concentration, the burden and height of volcanic ash and dust, all of which pose a safety threat to aircraft. In addition, anomaly maps of many of AIRS standard products are being produced to help highlight "hot spots" and illustrate trends. To distribute it's applications imagery, AIRS is leveraging existing NASA data frameworks and organizations to facilitate archiving, distribution and participation in the BEDI. This poster will communicate the status of the applications effort for the AIRS Project and provide examples of new maps designed to best communicate the AIRS data.

Significance of air humidity and air velocity for fungal spore release into the air

Science.gov (United States)

Pasanen, A.-L.; Pasanen, P.; Jantunen, M. J.; Kalliokoski, P.

Our previous field studies have shown that the presence of molds in buildings does not necessarily mean elevated airborne spore counts. Therefore, we investigated the release of fungal spores from cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. at different air velocities and air humidities. Spores of A. fumigatus and Penicillium sp. were released from conidiophores already at air velocity of 0.5 ms -1, whereas Cladosporium spores required at least a velocity of 1.0 ms -1. Airborne spore counts of A. fumigatus and Penicillium sp. were usually higher in dry than moist air, being minimal at relative humidities (r.h.) above 70%, while the effect of r.h. on the release of Cladosporium sp. was ambivalent. The geometric mean diameter of released spores increased when the r.h. exceeded a certain level which depends on fungal genus. Thus, spores of all three fungi were hygroscopic but the hygroscopicity of various spores appeared at different r.h.-ranges. This study indicates that spore release is controlled by external factors and depends on fungal genus which can be one reason for considerable variation of airborne spore counts in buildings with mold problems.

The microbiological quality of air improves when using air conditioning systems in cars.

Science.gov (United States)

Vonberg, Ralf-Peter; Gastmeier, Petra; Kenneweg, Björn; Holdack-Janssen, Hinrich; Sohr, Dorit; Chaberny, Iris F

2010-06-01

Because of better comfort, air conditioning systems are a common feature in automobiles these days. However, its impact on the number of particles and microorganisms inside the vehicle--and by this its impact on the risk of an allergic reaction--is yet unknown. Over a time period of 30 months, the quality of air was investigated in three different types of cars (VW Passat, VW Polo FSI, Seat Alhambra) that were all equipped with a automatic air conditioning system. Operation modes using fresh air from outside the car as well as circulating air from inside the car were examined. The total number of microorganisms and the number of mold spores were measured by impaction in a high flow air sampler. Particles of 0.5 to 5.0 microm diameter were counted by a laser particle counter device. Overall 32 occasions of sampling were performed. The concentration of microorganisms outside the cars was always higher than it was inside the cars. Few minutes after starting the air conditioning system the total number of microorganisms was reduced by 81.7%, the number of mold spores was reduced by 83.3%, and the number of particles was reduced by 87.8%. There were no significant differences neither between the types of cars nor between the types of operation mode of the air conditioning system (fresh air vs. circulating air). All parameters that were looked for in this study improved during utilization of the car's air conditioning system. We believe that the risk of an allergic reaction will be reduced during use also. Nevertheless, we recommend regular maintenance of the system and replacement of older filters after defined changing intervals.

PEMODELAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WADUK KELILING DENGAN MODEL SWAT (Keliling Reservoir Catchment Area Modeling Using SWAT Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teuku Ferijal

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to model watershed area of Keliling Reservoir using SWAT model. The reservoir is located in Aceh Besar District, Province of Aceh. The model was setup using 90m x 90m digital elevation model, land use data extracted from remote sensing data and soil characteristic obtained from laboratory analysis on soil samples. Model was calibrated using observed daily reservoir volume and the model performance was analyzed using RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE and percent bias (PBIAS. The model delineated the study area into 3,448 Ha having 13 subwatersheds and 76 land units (HRUs. The watershed is mostly covered by forest (53% and grassland (31%. The analysis revealed the 10 most sensitive parameters i.e. GW_DELAY, CN2, REVAPMN, ALPHA_BF, SOL_AWC, GW_REVAP, GWQMN, CH_K2 and ESCO. Model performances were categorized into very good for monthly reservoir volume with ENS 0.95, RSR 0.23, and PBIAS 2.97. The model performance decreased when it used to analyze daily reservoir inflow with ENS 0.55, RSR 0.67, and PBIAS 3.46. Keywords: Keliling Reservoir, SWAT, Watershed   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk memodelkan daerah tangkapan air Waduk Keliling dengan menggunakan Model SWAT. Waduk Keliling terletak di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Propinsi Aceh. Dalam penelitian ini Model SWAT dikembangkan berdasarkan data digital elevasi model resolusi 90 m x90 m, tata guna lahan yang diperoleh dari intepretasi citra satelit dan data soil dari hasil analisa sampel tanah yang diperoleh di daerah penelitian. Model dikalibrasi dengan data volume waduk dan kinerja model dianalisa menggunakan parameter rasio akar rata-rata kuadrat error dan standard deviasi observasi (RSR, efesiensi Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE dan persentase bias (PBIAS. Hasil deleniasi untuk daerah penelitian menghasilkan suatu DAS dengan luas 3,448 Ha dan memiliki 13 Sub DAS yang dikelompokkan menjadi 76 unit lahan. Sebagian besar wilayah study

Air Power's First Among Equals: Why Air Superiority Still Matters

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Slawson, Andrew T

2008-01-01

.... History is replete with examples of successful or failed air superiority campaigns. This paper details air superiority's role in both the Battle of Britain, and the 1967 Six Day War's Operation MOKED...

Air pollution knows no boundaries: defining air catchment areas and making sense of physical and political boundaries in air quality management

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Scott, G

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Topics under discussion: Scales of transport and turbulence in the atmosphere; Examples of global, regional and local scale transports – concepts of an “air catchment”; Defining air quality management zones - international practice; Defining air...

Identifikasi Boraks dalam Bakso di Kelurahan Bahagia Bekasi Utara Jawa Barat dengan Metode Analisa Kualitatif

OpenAIRE

Mega Efrilia; Tria Prayoga; Nur Mekasari

2016-01-01

Already a research identification of boraks in meatball a sell is Kelurahan Bahagia, Nort Bekasi East Java. A research as a purpose for identification boraks in meatball with a metode analysis kualitatif that is a burn of fire a testing colour with a turmeric paper with ake use AgNO3, and BaCl2. Sampel in take by metode random sampel plainin meatball a sell a is Kelurahan Bahagia Nort Bekasi. On a test result, the testing in apprearance meatball of in point negatif contain boraks because meat...

IMPLEMENTASI RELATIONSHIP MARKETING UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dinda Frismandiri

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji dampak relationship marketing inputs melalui understanding customer expectation, building service partnership, total quality management, dan empowering employees terhadap customer satisfaction. Penelitian dilakukan pada nasabah Bank Central Asia Cabang Malang. Sampel diambil dengan metode accidental sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 nasabah. Metode analisis menggunakan Regresi Berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa understanding customer expectation, building service partnership, total quality management, dan empowering employees teruji mampu menciptakan customer satisfaction nasabah. Di antara variabel relationship marketing inputs ternyata building service partnership memberikan dampak yang paling besar dalam menciptakan customer satisfaction nasabah.

Kinetics of NO formation and decay in nanosecond pulse discharges in Air, H2-Air, and C2H4-Air mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burnette, David; Shkurenkov, Ivan; Adamovich, Igor V; Lempert, Walter R

2016-01-01

Time-resolved, absolute NO and N atom number densities are measured by NO Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and N Two-Photon Absorption LIF in a diffuse plasma filament, nanosecond pulse discharge in dry air, hydrogen-air, and ethylene-air mixtures at 40 Torr, over a wide range of equivalence ratios. The results are compared with kinetic modeling calculations incorporating pulsed discharge dynamics, kinetics of vibrationally and electronically excited states of nitrogen, plasma chemical reactions, and radial transport. The results show that in air afterglow, NO decay occurs primarily by the reaction with N atoms, NO  +  N  →  N 2   +  O. In the presence of hydrogen, this reaction is mitigated by reaction of N atoms with OH, N  +  OH  →  NO  +  H, resulting in significant reduction of N atom number density in the afterglow, additional NO production, and considerably higher NO number densities. In fuel-lean ethylene-air mixtures, a similar trend (i.e. N atom concentration reduction and NO number density increase) is observed, although [NO] increase on ms time scale is not as pronounced as in H 2 -air mixtures. In near-stoichiometric and fuel-lean ethylene-air mixtures, when N atom number density was below detection limit, NO concentration was measured to be lower than in air plasma. These results suggest that NO kinetics in hydrocarbon-air plasmas is more complex compared to air and hydrogen-air plasmas, additional NO reaction pathways may well be possible, and their analysis requires further kinetic modeling calculations. (paper)

Hospital-acquired infections associated with poor air quality in air-conditioned environments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Pinheiro da Silva

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Backgound and Objectives: Individuals living in cities increasingly spend more time indoors in air-conditioned environments. Air conditioner contamination can be caused by the presence of aerosols from the external or internal environment, which may be associated with disease manifestations in patients present in this type of environment. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the air quality in air-conditioned hospital environments as a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections – HAI – as the air can be a potential source of infection, as well as assess the exposure of professionals and patients to different pollutants. Material and Methods: A literature review was performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, SCIENCE DIRECT databases, CAPES thesis database and Ministry of Health – Brazil, including studies published between 1982 and 2008. The literature search was grouped according to the thematic focus, as follows: ventilation, maintenance and cleaning of systems that comprehend the environmental quality standard. Discussion and Conclusion: Outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections associated with Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Legionella, and other genera such as Clostridium and Nocardia, which were found in air conditioners, were observed, thus indicating the need for air-conditioning quality control in these environments.

HEPA air filter (image)

Science.gov (United States)

... pet dander and other irritating allergens from the air. Along with other methods to reduce allergens, such ... controlling the amount of allergens circulating in the air. HEPA filters can be found in most air ...

Detection of heavy metals in water in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: From source to consumption

Science.gov (United States)

Khalaf, Baydaa; Abdullah, Md. Pauzi; Tahrim, Nurfaizah Abu

2018-04-01

Drinking water should be free from harmful levels of impurities, such as heavy metals. The aim of this study is to investigate the heavy metals concentrations in a water reticulation system of Negeri Sembilan. 25 stations were selected along Sungai Linggi (upstream of intake point) and through there reticulation system of Sungai Linggi Water Treatment Plant encompassing raw water through to the last point of use. Sampling activities were carried out in June and July 2016. The samples taken were analysed for heavymetals using an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). In addition other water quality parameters were measured in situ (pH, water temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen) and analysed in the laboratory (BOD, COD, TSS, NH3-N, TOC and residual chlorine). The results showed a high level of Ca in the distribution system, while in the treatment plant it was normal, as well as Fe is decreased. Meanwhile Mn is decreased after treatment processes. The concentrations of DO and temperature in the tap water exceeded the standard concentrations.

Air pollution control in India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jain, S.K.

1995-01-01

Prior to rapid spurt in industrialization in India, people were used to inhale pure air containing about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and some carbon dioxide. But afterwards this composition of pure air was disturbed as a result of increased economic activities. Air, now a days also contains sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides etc., etc. which are extremely harmful for human health. Virulence of air pollution was realised in late eighties after Bhopal Gas Tragedy (BGT) and an effective air quality management started taking shape in India afterwards. The basic components of air quality management are legislation and regulations, emission inventory, air quality standards and monitoring, air dispersion models and installation of pollution control equipment which are being discussed in this paper. (author). 15 refs., 5 tabs

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN DI KABUPATEN SOPPENG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bakhrani Rauf

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengelolaan lingkungan permukiman di Kabupaten Soppeng pada aspek: (1 penyediaan dan penanganan lahan terbuka hijau (open space; (2 penyediaan dan penanganan drainase; (3  penanganan sampah; (4 penyediaan dan penanganan pembuangan veses (septic tank. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei.  Sampel wailayah penelitian ini adalah satu RW di ibu kota kabupaten dan satu RW di desa yang dipilih dengan metode purpossive sampling,  yaitu RW yang sudah maju di ibu kota kabupaten dan RW yang tertinggal di desa. Responden sebanyak 50 kepala keluarga yakni masing-masing 25 kepala keuarga di setiap RW, dipilih dengan  systematic random sampling.  Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melakukan observasi langsung dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara terhadap responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan lingkungan permukiman di Kabupaten Soppeng pada aspek: (1 ketersediaan dan penanganan lahan terbuka hijau (open space ditemukan belum memadai; (2 ketersediaan drainase (air kotor dan air hujan ditemukan belum memadai; (3 Penanganan sampahbelum memadai; dan (4 penanganan veses dan penyediaan septic tankbelum memadai.

Technology Candidates for Air-to-Air and Air-to-Ground Data Exchange

Science.gov (United States)

Haynes, Brian D.

2015-01-01

Technology Candidates for Air-to-Air and Air-to-Ground Data Exchange is a two-year research effort to visualize the U. S. aviation industry at a point 50 years in the future, and to define potential communication solutions to meet those future data exchange needs. The research team, led by XCELAR, was tasked with identifying future National Airspace System (NAS) scenarios, determining requirements and functions (including gaps), investigating technical and business issues for air, ground, & air-to-ground interactions, and reporting on the results. The project was conducted under technical direction from NASA and in collaboration with XCELAR's partner, National Institute of Aerospace, and NASA technical representatives. Parallel efforts were initiated to define the information exchange functional needs of the future NAS, and specific communication link technologies to potentially serve those needs. Those efforts converged with the mapping of each identified future NAS function to potential enabling communication solutions; those solutions were then compared with, and ranked relative to, each other on a technical basis in a structured analysis process. The technical solutions emerging from that process were then assessed from a business case perspective to determine their viability from a real-world adoption and deployment standpoint. The results of that analysis produced a proposed set of future solutions and most promising candidate technologies. Gap analyses were conducted at two points in the process, the first examining technical factors, and the second as part of the business case analysis. In each case, no gaps or unmet needs were identified in applying the solutions evaluated to the requirements identified. The future communication solutions identified in the research comprise both specific link technologies and two enabling technologies that apply to most or all specific links. As a result, the research resulted in a new analysis approach, viewing the

Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery

Science.gov (United States)

Narayan, Sri R. (Inventor); Prakash, G.K. Surya (Inventor); Kindler, Andrew (Inventor)

2014-01-01

Embodiments include an iron-air rechargeable battery having a composite electrode including an iron electrode and a hydrogen electrode integrated therewith. An air electrode is spaced from the iron electrode and an electrolyte is provided in contact with the air electrode and the iron electrodes. Various additives and catalysts are disclosed with respect to the iron electrode, air electrode, and electrolyte for increasing battery efficiency and cycle life.

Gambaran Zat Pewarna Merah pada Saus Cabai yang Terdapat pada Jajanan yang Dijual di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Padang Utara

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ilham Rizka Putra

2014-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakSaat ini, semakin banyak produsen makanan menggunakan zat pewarna yang sudah dilarang penggunaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran zat pewarna pada saus cabai yang terdapat pada jajanan yang dijual di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Padang Utara pada bulan November 2013 - Februari 2014. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Laboratorium kesehatan Padang. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 sampel yang diambil dari pedagang makanan jajanan saus cabai yang terdapat di SD Negeri pada kecamatan Padang Utara. Pemeriksaan dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pereaksi kimia NaOH 10%, NH4OH 10%, HCl pekat dan H2SO4 pekat serta dilanjutkan dengan metoda kromatografi kertas untuk mendapatkan jenis zat pewarna yang terdapat didalam jajanan saus cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 10 sampel (40% mengandung Rhodamin B dan 15 sampel (60% yang diizinkan penggunaannya. yaitu Erytrosin. Rata-Rata kadar Erytrosin dalam saus cabai adalah 639,5% dari 300 mg/kg sampel yang diizinkan.Kata kunci: saus cabai, zat pewarna berbahaya, kadar zat pewarnaAbstractNowadays more and more food manufacturers use dyes that have been banned uses. Applied this study is to describe the dye contained in the chili sauce snacks sold in Elementary School District of the northern desert in November 2013-February 2014. This research was conducted in Health Laboratoratorium Padang. The method used a descriptive with a sample size of 25 samples taken from street food vendors chili sauce found in the districts of SD Negeri Kecamatan Padang Utara. Examination conducted qualitatively by using chemical reagents NaOH 10%, 10% NH4OH, and concentrated HCl and concentrated H2SO4 followed by paper chromatography method to get the type of dye contained in chili sauce snacks.The results showed that 10 samples (40% containing Rhodamine B and 15 samples (60% which allowed determination of use, Erytrosin. Concentration

Coping with Indoor Air Pollution

Science.gov (United States)

... Pollution > Coping with Indoor Air Pollution Font: Outdoor Pollution Indoor Air Pollution Asthma Triggers For Kids and Teachers Coping with Indoor Air Pollution Indoor air pollution is irritating to everyone: But people who ...