Study on Manufacturing Process of Hollow Main Shaft by Open Die Forging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwon, Yong Chul [Gyeongnam Technopark, Changwon (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Jong Hun [Jungwon Univ., Goisan (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sang Sik [Gyeongsang Natiional Univ., Jinju (Korea, Republic of)

2016-02-15

The main shaft is one of the key components connecting the rotor hub and gear box of a wind power generator. Typically, main shafts are manufactured by open die forging method. However, the main shaft for large MW class wind generators is designed to be hollow in order to reduce the weight. Additionally, the main shafts are manufactured by a casting process. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process for hollow main shafts by the open die forging method. The design of a forging process for a solid main shaft and hollow shaft was prepared by an open die forging process design scheme. Finite element analyses were performed to obtain the flow stress by a hot compression test at different temperature and strain rates. The control parameters of each forging process, such as temperature and effective strain, were obtained and compared to predict the suitability of the hollow main shaft forging process. Finally, high productivity reflecting material utilization ratio, internal quality, shape, and dimension was verified by the prototypes manufactured by the proposed forging process for hollow main shafts.

Optimum stamping die structure based on analytical method of die deformation during draw process; Seikei katei no kanagata henkei kaiseki ni motozuku, press kanagata kozo no saitekika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakahara, T; Tamai, H [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

We measured an actual deformation and pressure distribution in draw process of bending cam, and analyzed deformation process of die structure, in order to eliminate adjusting work considering die deformation by stamping force. We studied die structure improvement with simulation based on analytical method. This report describes a sample of die structure improvement based on a simulation and actual measurement. 1 ref., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Die Defects and Die Corrections in Metal Extrusion

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Sayyad Zahid Qamar

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Extrusion is a very popular and multi-faceted manufacturing process. A large number of products for the automotive, aerospace, and construction sectors are produced through aluminum extrusion. Many defects in the extruded products occur because of the conditions of the dies and tooling. The problems in dies can be due to material issues, design and manufacturing, or severe usage. They can be avoided by maintaining the billet quality, by controlling the extrusion process parameters, and through routine maintenance. Die problems that occur on a day-to-day basis are mostly repairable and are rectified through various types of die correction operations. These defects and repair operations have not been reported in detail in the published literature. The current paper presents an in-depth description of repairable die defects and related die correction operations in metal extrusion. All major die defects are defined and classified, and their causes, preventive measures, and die correction operations are described. A brief frequency-based statistical study of die defects is also carried out to identify the most frequent die corrections. This work can be of direct benefit to plant engineers and operators and to researchers and academics in the field of metal extrusion.

Maintaining Low Voiding Solder Die Attach for Power Die While Minimizing Die Tilt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamm, Randy; Peterson, Kenneth A.

2015-10-01

This paper addresses work to minimize voiding and die tilt in solder attachment of a large power die, measuring 9.0 mm X 6.5 mm X 0.1 mm (0.354” x 0.256” x 0.004”), to a heat spreader. As demands for larger high power die continue, minimizing voiding and die tilt is of interest for improved die functionality, yield, manufacturability, and reliability. High-power die generate considerable heat, which is important to dissipate effectively through control of voiding under high thermal load areas of the die while maintaining a consistent bondline (minimizing die tilt). Voiding was measured using acoustic imaging and die tilt was measured using two different optical measurement systems. 80Au-20Sn solder reflow was achieved using a batch vacuum solder system with optimized fixturing. Minimizing die tilt proved to be the more difficult of the two product requirements to meet. Process development variables included tooling, weight and solder preform thickness.

DIE ROL VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE WEERMAG IN NATUUR- EN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sedert die vroeg 1900's deur die Weermag be- heer. In 1967 was dit die eerste militere terrein wat tot privaatnatuurreservaat verklaar is. Vhembe bestaan uit 4 hoofplantgemeenskappe nl. rivieraewerbos, vloedvlaktes, ranteveld en die sandveldplato. Wildsoorte op die terrein sl!Jit rooibokke, bosbokke, waterbokke, koedoes,.

How inverse solver technologies can support die face development and process planning in the automotive industry

Science.gov (United States)

Huhn, Stefan; Peeling, Derek; Burkart, Maximilian

2017-10-01

With the availability of die face design tools and incremental solver technologies to provide detailed forming feasibility results in a timely fashion, the use of inverse solver technologies and resulting process improvements during the product development process of stamped parts often is underestimated. This paper presents some applications of inverse technologies that are currently used in the automotive industry to streamline the product development process and greatly increase the quality of a developed process and the resulting product. The first focus is on the so-called target strain technology. Application examples will show how inverse forming analysis can be applied to support the process engineer during the development of a die face geometry for Class `A' panels. The drawing process is greatly affected by the die face design and the process designer has to ensure that the resulting drawn panel will meet specific requirements regarding surface quality and a minimum strain distribution to ensure dent resistance. The target strain technology provides almost immediate feedback to the process engineer during the die face design process if a specific change of the die face design will help to achieve these specific requirements or will be counterproductive. The paper will further show how an optimization of the material flow can be achieved through the use of a newly developed technology called Sculptured Die Face (SDF). The die face generation in SDF is more suited to be used in optimization loops than any other conventional die face design technology based on cross section design. A second focus in this paper is on the use of inverse solver technologies for secondary forming operations. The paper will show how the application of inverse technology can be used to accurately and quickly develop trim lines on simple as well as on complex support geometries.

First Results of Energy Saving at Process Redesign of Die Forging Al-Alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pepelnjak, Tomaz; Kuzman, Karl; Kokol, Anton

2011-01-01

The contribution deals with eco-friendly solutions for shortened production chains of forging light alloys. During the die forging operations a remarkable amount of material goes into the flash and later on into chips during finish machining. These low value side products are rich with embedded energy therefore recycling or reprocessing could be very energy saving procedure.In cooperation with a die forging company a shortened reprocessing cycle has been studied starting from re-melting the forging flash and without additional heating to cast preforms for subsequent die forging. As such preforms have not as good formability characteristics as those done from extruded billets the isothermal forging process has been adopted. First results showed that without cracks and other defects the formability is sufficient for a broad spectrum of forgings.To improve the formability a homogenization process of cast preforms has been implemented. As the process started immediately after casting, amount of additional energy for heating was minimized. To reduce voids forging process was redesigned in a way to assure greater hydrostatic pressures in parts during forging. First results were promising therefore research is going towards improving processes without adding significantly more energy as it is needed for casting with homogenization and die forging.

Modelling the mechanical behaviour of metal powder during Die compaction process

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G. Cricrì

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In this work, powder compaction process was investigated by using a numerical material model, which involves Mohr-Coulomb theory and an elliptical surface plasticity model. An effective algorithm was developed and implemented in the ANSYS finite element (FEM code by using the subroutine USERMAT. Some simulations were performed to validate the proposed metal powder material model. The interaction between metal powder and die walls was considered by means of contact elements. In addition to the analysis of metal powder behaviour during compaction, the actions transmitted to die were also investigated, by considering different friction coefficients. This information is particularly useful for a correct die design.

Multi-objective optimization of swash plate forging process parameters for the die wear/service life improvement

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, X. F.; Wang, L. G.; Wu, H.; Liu, S. S.

2017-12-01

For the forging process of the swash plate, the author designed a kind of multi-index orthogonal experiment. Based on the Archard wear model, the influences of billet temperature, die temperature, forming speed, top die hardness and friction coefficient on forming load and die wear were numerically simulated by DEFORM software. Through the analysis of experimental results, the best forging process parameters were optimized and determined, which could effectively reduce the die wear and prolong the die service life. It is significant to increase the practical production of enterprise, especially to reduce the production cost and to promote enterprise profit.

The death and dying process: definitions of nursing undergraduate students

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Catarina Aparecida Sales

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study was to know the definitions nursing students have concerning the death-dying process. A descriptive-qualitative study developed in 2010, with 65 students of the first and last year of Nursing in a public university. Data was collected through semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis. Data showed that the students possess diverse opinions concerning this process, per times seeing it as natural however difficult to be understood and accepted, especially because it brings pain, suffering, losses and family unstableness. They also revealed that they do not feel prepared to experience terminality in their future customers. The results reinforce the importance of having the thematic approached in the beginning of the undergraduate course, in curricular components or in extra-curricular activities, in order to provide the development of necessary support to experiencethe death-dying process of the customers.

A Membrane Process for Recycling Die Lube from Wastewater Solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eric S. Peterson; Jessica Trudeau; Bill Cleary; Michael Hackett; William A. Greene

2003-04-01

An active-surface membrane technology was used to separate a die lube manufacturing wastewater stream consisting of various oils, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and silicones. The ultrafiltration membranes reduced organics from initial oil and grease contents by 20–25X, carbon oxygen demand (COD) by 1.5 to 2X, and total organic carbon (TOC) by 0.6, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD) remained constant. The active-surface membranes were not fouled as badly as non-active-surface systems and the active-surface membrane flux levels were consistently higher and more stable than those of the non-active-surface membranes tested. Field testing demonstrated that the rotary microfilter can concentrate the die lube, i.e. remove the glycerin component, and produce a die lube suitable for recycling. The recycling system operated for six weeks with only seven cleaning cycles and no mechanical or electrical failures. Test data and quality records indicate that the die casting scrap was reduced from 8.4 to 7.8%. There is no doubt that this test yielded tremendous results. This separation process presents significant opportunities that can be evaluated further.

A Membrane Process for Recycling Die Lube from Wastewater Solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peterson, E. S. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Trudeau, J. [Metaldyne, Inc., Twinsburg, OH (United States); Cleary, B. [Metaldyne, Inc., Twinsburg, OH (United States); Hackett, M. [Metaldyne, Inc., Twinsburg, OH (United States); Greene, W. A. [SpinTek FIltrations, LLC, Los Alamitos, CA (United States)

2003-04-30

An active-surface membrane technology was used to separate a die lube manufacturing wastewater stream consisting of various oils, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and silicones. The ultrafiltration membranes reduced organics from initial oil and grease contents by 20-25X, carbon oxygen demand (COD) by 1.5 to 2X, and total organic carbon (TOC) by 0.6, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD) remained constant. The active-surface membranes were not fouled as badly as non-active-surface systems and the active-surface membrane flux levels were consistently higher and more stable than those of the non-active-surface membranes tested. Field testing demonstrated that the rotary microfilter can concentrate the die lube, i.e. remove the glycerin component, and produce a die lube suitable for recycling. The recycling system operated for six weeks with only seven cleaning cycles and no mechanical or electrical failures. Test data and quality records indicate that the die casting scrap was reduced from 8.4 to 7.8%. There is no doubt that this test yielded tremendous results. This separation process presents significant opportunities that can be evaluated further.

Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (E-SMARRT): Development of Surface Engineered Coating Systems for Aluminum Pressure Die Casting Dies: Towards a 'Smart' Die Coating

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dr. John J. Moore; Dr. Jianliang Lin,

2012-07-31

The main objective of this research program was to design and develop an optimal coating system that extends die life by minimizing premature die failure. In high-pressure aluminum die-casting, the die, core pins and inserts must withstand severe processing conditions. Many of the dies and tools in the industry are being coated to improve wear-resistance and decrease down-time for maintenance. However, thermal fatigue in metal itself can still be a major problem, especially since it often leads to catastrophic failure (i.e. die breakage) as opposed to a wear-based failure (parts begin to go out of tolerance). Tooling costs remain the largest portion of production costs for many of these parts, so the ability prevent catastrophic failures would be transformative for the manufacturing industry.The technology offers energy savings through reduced energy use in the die casting process from several factors, including increased life of the tools and dies, reuse of the dies and die components, reduction/elimination of lubricants, and reduced machine down time, and reduction of Al solder sticking on the die. The use of the optimized die coating system will also reduce environmental wastes and scrap parts. Current (2012) annual energy saving estimates, based on initial dissemination to the casting industry in 2010 and market penetration of 80% by 2020, is 3.1 trillion BTU's/year. The average annual estimate of CO2 reduction per year through 2020 is 0.63 Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent (MM TCE).

Precision die design by the die expansion method

CERN Document Server

Ibhadode, A O Akii

2009-01-01

This book presents a new method for the design of the precision dies used in cold-forging, extrusion and drawing processes. The method is based upon die expansion, and attempts to provide a clear-cut theoretical basis for the selection of critical die dimensions for this group of precision dies when the tolerance on product diameter (or thickness) is specified. It also presents a procedure for selecting the minimum-production-cost die from among a set of design alternatives. The mathematical content of the book is relatively simple and will present no difficulty to those who have taken basic c

Draw-in Map - A Road Map for Simulation-Guided Die Tryout and Stamping Process Control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Chuantao; Zhang, Jimmy J.; Goan, Norman

2005-01-01

Sheet metal forming is a displacement or draw-in controlled manufacturing process in which a flat blank is drawn into die cavity to form an automotive body panel. Draw-in amount is the single most important stamping manufacturing index that controls all forming characteristics (strains, stresses, thinning, etc.), stamping failures (splits, wrinkles, surface distortion, etc.) and line die operations and automations. Draw-in Map is engineered for math-based die developments via advanced stamping simulation technology. Then the Draw-in Map is provided to die makers in plants as a road map for math-guided die tryout in which the die tryout workers follow the engineered tryout conditions and matches the engineered draw-in amount so that the tryout time and cost are greatly reduced, and quality is ensured. The Map can also be used as a math-based trouble-shooting tool to identify the causes of formability problems in stamping production. The engineered Draw-in Map has been applied to all draw die tryout for all GM vehicle programs since 1998. A minimum 50% reduction in both lead-time and cost and significant improvement in panel quality in tryout have been reported. This paper presents the concept and process to apply the engineered Draw-in Map in die tryout

Is die ortodoksie se verstaan van die sondeval belemmerend vir die gesprek tussen teologie en natuurwetenskap?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan Buitendag

2012-11-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel is betoog dat die Gereformeerde Ortodoksie se begrip van die sondeval ’n  belemmering  was  vir  die  gesprek  tussen  teologie  en  natuurwetenskap.  Die  rede hiervoor was dat dit ten eerste ’n bepaalde verstaan van liniêre tyd nahou en ten tweede dat dit ’n bonatuurlike ingryp veronderstel het. Albei hierdie aspekte het die debat onnodig problematiseer. Die argument is ontwikkel deur eerstens die probleem te definieer, gevolg deur ’n uiteensetting van die standpunte van Augustinus en Calvyn onderskeidelik oor die sondeval. As ’n heuristiese sleutel is die konsepte van infralapsarisme en supralapsarisme aangewend om die tema te ontleed. Die artikel is afgesluit met die oortuiging dat die imago Dei ’n beliggaamde menslike persoon is wat biologies in die geskiedenis in terme van selfbewussyn en morele verantwoordelikheid ontluik het. Is the Orthodoxy’s notion of the Fall inhibitory for the dialogue between theology and science? In this article it was argued that the Reformed Orthodoxy’s interpretation of the Fall had become an impediment in the dialogue between theology and science. The reason was that it assumed firstly a specific understanding of linear time and secondly a metaphysical intervention. Both events were unnecessarily problematising the debate. The argument was deployed by stating the problem, followed by an exposition of the views of Augustine and Calvin on the Fall. As a heuristic key, the concepts of infralapsarism and supralapsarism were applied respectively to analyse the topic. The article concluded with the conviction that the imago Dei is an embodied human person that had biologically emerged in history as a center of self-awareness, and moral responsibility.

Die funksie van die belydenis in die struktuur van die kerk en die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ter wille van die argument wat in hierdie voordrag na vore gebring word, word vier sodanige konstituerende elemente van die kerklike struktuur onderskei, te wete die belydenis, die teologie, die verkondi- ging (meer bepaald die prediking) en die kerkorde (kerkwet volgens ons terminologie). Ons gaan nou elkeen hiervan ...

RESOURCE SAVING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF LARGE-SIZE DIE THERMAL TREATMENT

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L. A. Glazkov

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The given paper presents a development of a technological process pertaining to hardening large-size parts made of die steel. The proposed process applies a water-air mixture instead of a conventional hardening medium that is industrial oil.While developing this new technological process it has been necessary to solve the following problems: reduction of thermal treatment duration, reduction of power resource expense (natural gas and mineral oil, elimination of fire danger and increase of process ecological efficiency. 

INFLUENCE OF DIE ANGLES ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY PROCESSED BY EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING

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Ali A Aljubouri

2010-11-01

Full Text Available   The die geometry has a massive effect on the plastic deformation behavior during pressing of material processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP method; subsequently the properties of the processed material are strongly dependent on it. Two categories of designed and manufactured dies are used for equal channel angular pressing, a 1200 sharp angle and a 900 round –cornered (200 dies, that produce strain per pass through both dies of ~0.7 and ~1.05   respectively. The microhardness developed in Al-Si alloy during ECAP using route BC. The microhardness increased by a factor of >1.5, after only 1 pressing. Subsequently, the hardness increases slightly up to 8 pressings through the 1200 sharp angle die, while it is increased by a factor of ~2.6 after 5 passes by using the 900 round cornered die, comparing with that for the cast workpiece.

die rol van die unieverdedigingsmag in die onderdrukking van die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

agv regeringsoptrede nie.39. Siotsom. In die geskiedenis van die Unieverdedigings- mag word die gebeure random die 1914-staking oorskadu deur die Rebellie en Suid-Afrika se deelname aan die Eerste Wereldoorlog. Tog was dit 'n belangrike mylpaal in die geskiedenis van die organisasie, omdat dit sy eerste optrede ...

Modeling of high temperature- and diffusion-controlled die soldering in aluminum high pressure die casting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Domkin, Konstantin; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Thorborg, Jesper

2009-01-01

of the die lifetime based on a quantitative analysis of die soldering in the framework of the numerical simulations of the die-casting process. Full 3D simulations of the process, including the filling. solidification, and the die cooling, are carried out using the casting simulation software MAGMAsoft....... The resulting transient temperature fields on the die surface and in the casting are then post-processed to estimate the die soldering. The present work deals only with the metallurgical/chemical kind of soldering which occurs at high temperatures and involves formation and growth of intermetallic layers...

A novel technique for die-level post-processing of released optical MEMS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elsayed, Mohannad Y; Beaulieu, Philippe-Olivier; Briere, Jonathan; Ménard, Michaël; Nabki, Frederic

2016-01-01

This work presents a novel die-level post-processing technique for dies including released movable structures. The procedure was applied to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) chips that were fabricated in a commercial process, SOIMUMPs from MEMSCAP. It allows the performance of a clean DRIE etch of sidewalls on the diced chips enabling the optical testing of the pre-released MEMS mirrors through the chip edges. The etched patterns are defined by photolithography using photoresist spray coating. The photoresist thickness is tuned to create photoresist bridges over the pre-released gaps, protecting the released structures during subsequent wet processing steps. Then, the chips are subject to a sequence of wet and dry etching steps prior to dry photoresist removal in O 2 plasma. Processed micromirrors were tested and found to rotate similarly to devices without processing, demonstrating that the post-processing procedure does not affect the mechanical performance of the devices significantly. (technical note)

Die sterwende kindjie

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J.T. De Jongh van Arkel

1983-09-01

Full Text Available The thought of a child dying appears as an antithesis and thus the feelings evoked by the dying child are stronger than when older persons are dying. Around the child’s death bed there is no place for detached spectators and all become involved in caring for and supporting him. Caregivers also have a supporting responsibility towards the members of the child’s family.

Accurate defect die placement and nuisance defect reduction for reticle die-to-die inspections

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Vincent; Huang, L. R.; Lin, C. J.; Tseng, Y. N.; Huang, W. H.; Tuo, Laurent C.; Wylie, Mark; Chen, Ellison; Wang, Elvik; Glasser, Joshua; Kelkar, Amrish; Wu, David

2015-10-01

Die-to-die reticle inspections are among the simplest and most sensitive reticle inspections because of the use of an identical-design neighboring-die for the reference image. However, this inspection mode can have two key disadvantages: (1) The location of the defect is indeterminate because it is unclear to the inspector whether the test or reference image is defective; and (2) nuisance and false defects from mask manufacturing noise and tool optical variation can limit the usable sensitivity. The use of a new sequencing approach for a die-to-die inspection can resolve these issues without any additional scan time, without sacrifice in sensitivity requirement, and with a manageable increase in computation load. In this paper we explore another approach for die-to-die inspections using a new method of defect processing and sequencing. Utilizing die-to-die double arbitration during defect detection has been proven through extensive testing to generate accurate placement of the defect in the correct die to ensure efficient defect disposition at the AIMS step. The use of this method maintained the required inspection sensitivity for mask quality as verified with programmed-defectmask qualification and then further validated with production masks comparing the current inspection approach to the new method. Furthermore, this approach can significantly reduce the total number of defects that need to be reviewed by essentially eliminating the nuisance and false defects that can result from a die-to-die inspection. This "double-win" will significantly reduce the effort in classifying a die-to-die inspection result and will lead to improved cycle times.

P. S. D DIE TEOLOGIESE HOOFGEDAGTES IN KIERKEGAARD SE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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D.Phil. DIE TEOLOGIESE HOOFGEDAGTES IN KIERKEGAARD SE. STRYD TEEN DIE HEGELSE SISTEEM. A. INLEIDENDE OPMERKING. Ons is van oordeel dat dit ongetwyfeld paslik is om in ons waardering van die persoon en werk van prof. H. P. Wolmarans, oor die Deense denker en digter, Kierkegaard, te skrywe.

Halfkrone vir die Nagmaal

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Owner

die omgewing van Velddrif en Laaiplek, ook noordwaarts verby Lambertsbaai tot by. Doringbaai en Strandfontein. “Haar seeverhale is Sussie (Kotze) se belangrikste bydrae tot die Afrikaanse letterkunde”, sê Kotzé-Myburgh in die voorwoord van die versamelbundel. Die leser word herinner aan Kotze se debuutroman, ...

The Analysis of Force Parameters in Drawing Process of High Carbon Steel Wires in Conventional and Hydrodynamic Dies

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Suliga M.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes force parameters in the process of multistage drawing of steel wires in conventional and hydrodynamic dies. The drawing process of the wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 mm for wires with a diameter of 1.70 mm was performed in 12 drafts with the usage of the multistage drawbench Koch KGT with the speed range of 5-25 m/s.

Die rol van die blanke werker in die motivering van die swart werker

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G. J. Oosthuizen

1980-11-01

Opsomming Die motivering van die Swart werker kan nie in die huidige situasie in isolasie bestudeer word nie, omdat die Blanke werker steeds in die bestuursposisie is en daarom die motivering van die Swart werker kan beïnvloed. Hierdie ondersoek was daarop gerig om die rol van die Blanke werker in die motivering van die Swart werker nader te ondersoek. Die houding en die leierskapsbenadering van die Blanke werker teenoor die Swart werker is gemeet, asook die behoeftes wat volgens die Blanke werker by die Swart werker bestaan, bevredig is, of nie bestaan nie. Die behoeftes van Swart werkers, soos deur hulleself gesien, is ook ondersoek. Ten opsigte van sekere aspekte is beduidende verskille gevind.

Dimensional control of die castings

Science.gov (United States)

Karve, Aniruddha Ajit

The demand for net shape die castings, which require little or no machining, is steadily increasing. Stringent customer requirements are forcing die casters to deliver high quality castings in increasingly short lead times. Dimensional conformance to customer specifications is an inherent part of die casting quality. The dimensional attributes of a die casting are essentially dependent upon many factors--the quality of the die and the degree of control over the process variables being the two major sources of dimensional error in die castings. This study focused on investigating the nature and the causes of dimensional error in die castings. The two major components of dimensional error i.e., dimensional variability and die allowance were studied. The major effort of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively study the effects of casting geometry and process variables on die casting dimensional variability and die allowance. This was accomplished by detailed dimensional data collection at production die casting sites. Robust feature characterization schemes were developed to describe complex casting geometry in quantitative terms. Empirical modeling was utilized to quantify the effects of the casting variables on dimensional variability and die allowance for die casting features. A number of casting geometry and process variables were found to affect dimensional variability in die castings. The dimensional variability was evaluated by comparisons with current published dimensional tolerance standards. The casting geometry was found to play a significant role in influencing the die allowance of the features measured. The predictive models developed for dimensional variability and die allowance were evaluated to test their effectiveness. Finally, the relative impact of all the components of dimensional error in die castings was put into perspective, and general guidelines for effective dimensional control in the die casting plant were laid out. The results of

Literary representations of death, dying and bereavement in children´s literature

OpenAIRE

Schroth, Klara Charlotte

2017-01-01

Death, dying and bereavement are universal human concerns and yet never fully compre-hensible or knowable. In order to find an approach to the topic, this paper examines and analyses literary representations of death, dying and bereavement in Anglophone literature for children. Scholars such as Kathryn James or Roberta Seelinger Trites have argued for a shift from objective and realistic representations in pre-1980 children’s novels towards an increasing use of narrative devices and fantastic...

Computer-aided process planning in prismatic shape die components based on Standard for the Exchange of Product model data

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Awais Ahmad Khan

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Insufficient technologies made good integration between the die components in design, process planning, and manufacturing impossible in the past few years. Nowadays, the advanced technologies based on Standard for the Exchange of Product model data are making it possible. This article discusses the three main steps for achieving the complete process planning for prismatic parts of the die components. These three steps are data extraction, feature recognition, and process planning. The proposed computer-aided process planning system works as part of an integrated system to cover the process planning of any prismatic part die component. The system is built using Visual Basic with EWDraw system for visualizing the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data file. The system works successfully and can cover any type of sheet metal die components. The case study discussed in this article is taken from a large design of progressive die.

Development of Integrated Die Casting Process for Large Thin-Wall Magnesium Applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carter, Jon T. [General Motors LLC, Warren, MI (United States); Wang, Gerry [Meridian Lightweight Technologies, Plymouth MI (United States); Luo, Alan [General Motors LLC, Warren, MI (United States)

2017-11-29

The purpose of this project was to develop a process and product which would utilize magnesium die casting and result in energy savings when compared to the baseline steel product. The specific product chosen was a side door inner panel for a mid-size car. The scope of the project included: re-design of major structural parts of the door, design and build of the tooling required to make the parts, making of parts, assembly of doors, and testing (both physical and simulation) of doors. Additional work was done on alloy development, vacuum die casting, and overcasting, all in order to improve the performance of the doors and reduce cost. The project achieved the following objectives: 1. Demonstrated ability to design a large thin-wall magnesium die casting. 2. Demonstrated ability to manufacture a large thin-wall magnesium die casting in AM60 alloy. 3. Tested via simulations and/or physical tests the mechanical behavior and corrosion behavior of magnesium die castings and/or lightweight experimental automotive side doors which incorporate a large, thin-wall, powder coated, magnesium die casting. Under some load cases, the results revealed cracking of the casting, which can be addressed with re-design and better material models for CAE analysis. No corrosion of the magnesium panel was observed. 4. Using life cycle analysis models, compared the energy consumption and global warming potential of the lightweight door with those of a conventional steel door, both during manufacture and in service. Compared to a steel door, the lightweight door requires more energy to manufacture but less energy during operation (i.e., fuel consumption when driving vehicle). Similarly, compared to a steel door, the lightweight door has higher global warming potential (GWP) during manufacture, but lower GWP during operation. 5. Compared the conventional magnesium die casting process with the “super-vacuum” die casting process. Results achieved with cast tensile bars suggest some

Bis(s) ins Innere des Protons ein Science Slam durch die Welt der Elementarteilchen, der Beschleuniger und Supernerds

CERN Document Server

Lemmer, Boris

2014-01-01

Geben Sie's zu, wir alle fragen gerne mal: „Was ist da drin?“. Und einige, die hören mit dem Fragen einfach nicht mehr auf. Sie haken nach, bis es als Antwort nur noch gibt: „Das war’s, kleiner geht’s nicht mehr.“ Da wo's klein wird, wird die Welt plötzlich ganz verrückt: Aus purer Energie werden Teilchen erzeugt. Materieteilchen bekommen Geschwister aus Antimaterie. Teilchen, die es eigentlich gar nicht geben dürfte, entstehen plötzlich aus dem Nichts. Das ist die Welt der Teilchenphysik. Teilchenphysiker bauen die größten Experimente aller Zeiten, um die kleinsten Teilchen des Universums zu untersuchen. Sie gehen an die Grenzen des technisch Machbaren und überschreiten dabei die Grenzen unserer Länder. Wer das alles auch so spannend findet wie die Teilchenphysiker selbst, ist herzlich eingeladen, dieses Buch zu lesen. Wer glaubt, dass man ohne ein Studium in der Teilchenphysik nichts versteht, der auch. Quantenfeldtheorien, Teilchenbeschleuniger, Higgs-Mechanismus und Co werden hier...

DIE GESKIEDENIS VAN DIE PERSONEELFUNKSIE IN DIE SA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

stel (kortdiensstelsel). Met die uitbreek van die oorlog in 1939 het die. Unieverdedigingsmag uit 40% Staandemag en. 60% aktiewe Burgermag bestaan. Op 22 Sept. 1939 is magtiging aan die Aktiewe Burgermag- eenhede verleen om vrywilligers vir die duur van die oorlog te aanvaar. Agv beswaar dat die Verdedigingswet.

The Simulation and Analysis of the Closed Die Hot Forging Process by A Computer Simulation Method

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Dipakkumar Gohil

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research work is to study the variation of various parameters such as stress, strain, temperature, force, etc. during the closed die hot forging process. A computer simulation modeling approach has been adopted to transform the theoretical aspects in to a computer algorithm which would be used to simulate and analyze the closed die hot forging process. For the purpose of process study, the entire deformation process has been divided in to finite number of steps appropriately and then the output values have been computed at each deformation step. The results of simulation have been graphically represented and suitable corrective measures are also recommended, if the simulation results do not agree with the theoretical values. This computer simulation approach would significantly improve the productivity and reduce the energy consumption of the overall process for the components which are manufactured by the closed die forging process and contribute towards the efforts in reducing the global warming.

’n Voorgestelde matriks vir die pastorale berading van die verwonde geloofsvervreemde

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Wentzel C. Coetzer

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel fokus op die rol van pastorale berading aan die emosioneel-verwonde en geloofsvervreemde persoon deur middel van die redding in Christus. Die rol van God Drie-enig en die sentrale posisie van die Skrif word ondersoek. Verder word aspekte wat ’n Skrifgefundeerde mensbeeld onderlê, gekonstrueer. Die verband tussen emosionele trauma en geloofsvervreemding, asook die aspek van reg en geregtigheid, word hierna ondersoek. Die belangrikheid van die heil in Christus in die geestelike genesingsproses word ook bespreek. Ter afsluiting word ’n pastoraal-terapeutiese matriks voorgestel vir ingrype in die huidige lewenskrisis en die bestaande geloofsvervreemding met inagneming van die traumageskiedenis. Praktiese riglyne word verder verskaf as hulpmiddel vir begeleiding in die ondersteuningsproses. A proposed matrix regarding the pastoral counselling of the wounded faith-estranged. This article focuses on the role of the pastoral counselling of the emotionally wounded and faith-estranged person through the mediation of the salvation in Christ. The role of the Triune God and the central position of Scripture in mediating the salvation in Christ are also examined and the Scriptural view of man is constructed. The role of emotional trauma in the estrangement from God as well as the importance of justice and retribution are examined as it relates to the spiritual and emotional healing of the wounded faith-estranged. The article also discusses the prominence of the salvation in Christ in the spiritual healing process. In conclusion, a pastoral-therapeutic matrix of intervention is proposed to help in addressing the present life crisis and current faith-estrangement within the context of the trauma history, with a view to find healing from the woundedness and the faith-estrangement through salvation in Christ. Practical guidelines are offered to guide this supporting process.

The Angry Dying Patient.

Science.gov (United States)

Houston, Robert E.

1999-02-01

Over 25 years ago, Kubler-Ross identified anger as a predictable part of the dying process. When the dying patient becomes angry in the clinical setting, all types of communication become strained. Physicians can help the angry dying patient through this difficult time by using 10 rules of engagement. When physicians engage and empathize with these patients, they improve the patient's response to pain and they reduce patient suffering. When physicians educate patients on their normal responses to dying and enlist them in the process of family reconciliation, they can impact the end-of-life experience in a positive way.

Die rol van die onderwys in die handhawing en uitbouing van ons volkskultuur

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G.J. Jordaan

1970-03-01

Full Text Available Op die oog af lyk dit ’n baie maklike onderwerp, maar hoe meer 'n mens daaroor nadink hoe ingewikkelder en omvangryker word die implikasies wat verband hou. Dit is veral so omdat dit hier voor alles gaan om eerste fundamentele uitgangspunte, dit wil sê, om lewens- en wêreldbeskouing. Dit geld van albei komponente — van onderwys sowel as van kultuur.

Die posisie van die Helper in die sending

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I. J. van der Walt

1972-05-01

Full Text Available Gedurende die aanvangsjare van die sending het die helper ’n onmisbare funksie vervul. Hulle het die onherbergsame binnelande geken, waardevolle kontakpunte vir die sendelinge geopen en hulle mense geestelik help voorlig en voorberei.

die ontstaan en die ontwikkeling van die skoolkadette-stelsel in die rsa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

toe algemene diensplig ingestel is. Die diens- plig het intussen sy volle beslag gekry en in. Weermagkringe het die gedagte posgevat dat skoolkadette. 'n deeglike ondersoek vereis ten einde die skoolgaande seun vir sy komende nasionale diensplig te orienteer. Tydens kadetopleldlng leer die seuns al die fynere kunsles ...

[Nursing undergraduate education in relation to the death-dying process: perceptions in light of the complex thinking].

Science.gov (United States)

Dias, Matheus Viero; Backes, Dirce Stein; Barlem, Edison Luiz Devos; Backes, Marli Terezinha Stein; Lunardi, Valéria Lerch; de Souza, Martha Helena Teixeira

2014-12-01

The objective of this study was to perceive the death-dying process from the perspective of nursing students. This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research study. Data were collected between June and July 2013, from three focus groups with six nursing students at a University Center located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The meetings were organized with an approach to increase discussions about the death-dying process from the perspective of the complex thinking. Data were analyzed by means of the Strategic Focal Analysis, and three categories were created: Death: a process of rupture or continuity?; Recognizing weaknesses in the undergraduate educational process; and Outlining strategies to broaden academic discussions. It is possible to conclude that the death/dying process is minimally discussed in undergraduate courses, and when it is discussed, it happens in a fragmented and disjunctive manner, without integrating it into the human living process. Descriptors: Death. Education, nursing. Attitude to death.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie?

OpenAIRE

Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-01-01

Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223). Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur) insofern eine Rolle, als der ...

Die Mischung macht´s: Die Verknüpfung von analogen und digitalen Welten in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für Bibliotheken am Beispiel der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita Kamm-Schuberth

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Das Internet ist in Deutschland das Informationsmedium Nr. 1.Die klassische Werbung hat in den Bibliotheken nicht ausgedient. Print wird auch im digitalen Zeitalter seinen Platz finden, wenn gleich die digitale Kommunikation nicht mehr wegzudenken ist. Um die analogen und digitalen Kommunikationswege mit den Bibliotheksbesuchern zu vernetzen, müssen beispielsweise SEO-optimierte Websites, Landingspages und Blogs mit Veranstaltungsflyern und Plakaten verknüpft werden und aus einem Guss sein. Blinder Aktionismus schadet und man kann in der schönen neuen Medienwelt allein schon aus Gründen der Knappheit der Ressourcen nicht auf allen Hochzeiten tanzen. Im Beitrag wird an Hand von praktischen Beispielen aus der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg aufgezeigt, wie sich über Storytelling und Contentmarketing die journalistischen und werblichen Kommunikationsaktivitäten im Netz und auf traditionelle  Weise verbinden lassen.   Public libraries have a diverse client base. This diversity needs to be reflected in their communication work, through the language used and the opportunities given to clients to engage in dialogue and obtain information. Today’s client expects both analogue and digital channels of communication, assuming a dual role as both sender and receiver in the communication process. Marketing must be approached and implemented from a cross-media perspective. In other words, the target groups should be precisely defined and the ideal channels, which must offer good content and added value for the clients, should all be interlinked as part of an overall strategy. Each individual library needs to find the client communication strategy that works best for it. Using the example of Nuremberg City Library, this article shows how a “Web + Link” strategy is being used to optimise analogue and digital client communication. The library’s own website is at the heart of this communication mix as the defining medium. Links and networks help to

’n Etiek van liefde: Die etiese perspektiewe van die Heidelbergse Kategismus

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Koos Vorster

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel behandel die etiese perspektiewe van die Heidelbergse Kategismus – een van die prominente belydenisskrifte in die gereformeerde tradisie. Die etiese relevansie is ingebed in die konfessie se verklaring van die tien gebooie. Die artikel verduidelik dat die etiek van die Heidelbergse Kategismus ten diepste ’n karakteretiek is en dat dit gelowiges oproep tot ’n etiek van liefde. Hierdie liefde sluit in liefde vir die verbondsgemeenskap, die bediening van die Woord, die heiligheid van God en die waardigheid van mense, die gemeenskap van die gelowiges, gesag, die lewe, die huwelik, privaatbesit en arbeid asook waarheid en geregtigheid. As gevolg van die sinekdogeekarakter van die wet is hierdie etiek van liefde vandag baie relevant. This article deals with the ethical relevance of one of the prominent confessions in the reformed tradition, namely the Heidelberg Cathechism. The ethical relevance lies in the confession’s elucidation of the ten commandments and its application to moral conduct. The article explains that the ethics of the Heidelberg Catechism is essentially a virtue ethics calling for an ethics of love. This love should include love for the covenantal communion, ministry of the Word, the holiness of God and the dignity of people, the communion of the saints, authority, life, marriage, private property and labour, and truth and justice. Due to the synecdochical character of the ten commandments this ethics of love is highy relevant in the present times.

Die funksie van die skeppingstradisie in die boek Jeremia

African Journals Online (AJOL)

gedeeites voor wat sterk ooreenkomste toon met die beskrywings van die skep pingsgebeure in die boek Jeremia. • Volgpns Von Rad (1957:144-146) het daar wel 'n groep bestaan wat belange ge- had liet by die oorlewering van die skeppingstradisies. Dit was waarskynlik die. Sadokitiese priesters wat om twee redes aan ...

Association hyperthyroïdie et cancers différenciés de la thyroïde ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Association hyperthyroïdie et cancers différenciés de la thyroïde. Nassim Essabah Haraj, Hayat Ahandar, Siham El Aziz, Asma Chadli. Abstract. La présence d'une hyperthyroïdie n'est plus une assurance contre la survenue d'un cancer thyroïdien. L'association des deux n'est pas rare. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective de ...

Die binding van die konfessie

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P. J. Coetzee

1970-05-01

Full Text Available Ons moet waak teen twee uiterstes. Aan die een kant het die dogma as onversoenlike vyand die dogmatisme en aan die ander kant die antidogmatisme — dit hou enersyds die gevaar in van verabsolutering (oorskatting, en ander- syds die gevaar van relativisme (onderskatting.

Die nabyheid van die Koninkryk

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W.J. Snyman

1963-03-01

Full Text Available Vanweë die belangrikheid daarvan volg hier ’n breër bespreking van die proefskrif van dr. Tjaart van der Walt oor die nabyheid van die Koninkryk as wat in ’n gewone resensie kan geskied. Die vraagstuk wat onder oë gesien word is so oud as die kerk en die teologie, soms minder en soms meer op die voorgrond. Tans kan gesê word, staan dit in die middelpunt. Daarby is dit nie maar ’n akademiese vraagstuk nie, maar ’n vraagstuk waarvoor elke nadenkende leser van die Skrif te staan kom.

Frictional interactions in forming processes: New studies with transparent sapphire strip-drawing dies

Science.gov (United States)

Rao, R. S.; Lu, C. Y.; Wright, P. K.; Devenpeck, M. L.; Richmond, O.; Appleby, E. J.

1982-05-01

This research is concerned with the frictional interactions at the toolwork interfaces in the machining and strip-drawing processes. A novel feature is that transparent sapphire (single crystal Al2O3) is being used as the tool and die material. This allows the tribological features of the interface to be directly observed and recorded on movie-film. These qualitative studies provide information on the role of lubricants. In addition, techniques are being developed to quantify the velocity gradient along the interface. For example, in the drawing work it has been found that tracer markings (e.g. dye-spots), applied to the undrawn strip, remain intact during drawing and can be tracked along the sapphire/strip interface. Such data will be used as input to a finite-element, elasto-plastic-workhardening model of the deformation process. The latter can compute strip deformation characteristics, drawing forces and local coefficients of friction at the interface. Introductory results will be presented in this paper, obtained from drawing tin-plated mild steel with sapphire and cemented carbide dies. Drawing loads and die-separating forces will be presented and movie-films of the action of tracer markings at the interface shown. In order to demonstrate how this data can be used in an analysis of a large strain deformation process with friction, initial results from running the FIPDEF elasto-plastic code will be discussed. From a commercial viewpoint research on strip-drawing is of special interest to the can-making industry. From a physical viewpoint stripdrawing is of particular interest because it is a symmetrical, plane strain deformation and, in comparison with other metal processing operations, it is more readily modeled. However, until now the elasto-plastic codes that have been developed to predictively model drawing have had limitations: the most notable being that of quantifying the friction conditions at the die-work interface. Hence the specification of the

The YouTube Project: “The PewDiePie versus The Wall Street Journal Scandal – an in-depth analysis of PewDiePie’s online audience”

OpenAIRE

Jensen, Natalie Madeleine; Rasmussen, Anna Melanie Bæckmann; Cillo, Dominic

2017-01-01

In this dissertation, the aim is to investigate the multi-faceted events and belonging themes within The PewDiePie versus The Wall Street Journal Scandal – henceforth described as The PewDiePie Scandal. Here, the main goal within this dissertation is to answer questions in regards to PewDiePie’s online audience, how they perceive him and the relationship between the YouTuber and the viewership. Furthermore, the investigation will delve into matters of the major support provided by his audienc...

Modeling of microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during the high pressure die casting process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Mengwu; Xiong Shoumei

2012-01-01

Two important microstructure characteristics of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy are the externally solidified crystals (ESCs) and the fully divorced eutectic which form at the filling stage of the shot sleeve and at the last stage of solidification in the die cavity, respectively. Both of them have a significant influence on the mechanical properties and performance of magnesium alloy die castings. In the present paper, a numerical model based on the cellular automaton (CA) method was developed to simulate the microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during cold-chamber high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. Modeling of dendritic growth of magnesium alloy with six-fold symmetry was achieved by defining a special neighbourhood configuration and calculating of the growth kinetics from complete solution of the transport equations. Special attention was paid to establish a nucleation model considering both of the nucleation of externally solidified crystals in the shot sleeve and the massive nucleation in the die cavity. Meanwhile, simulation of the formation of fully divorced eutectic was also taken into account in the present CA model. Validation was performed and the capability of the present model was addressed by comparing the simulated results with those obtained by experiments.

Die Hervormde Teologiese Studies na vyftig jaar

African Journals Online (AJOL)

INLEIDEND. In die tweede helfte van die jaar 1943 het die Hervormde Teologiese Studies die eerste maal verskyn. Dit was die produk van lang besinning en beplanning. Die dryfkrag agter die totstandkoming was prof dr S P Engeibrecht, 'n man wie se idealisme en toewyding aan die kerk groot dinge vir die kerk en ook die ...

Die wet is evangelie: Die Heidelbergse Kategismus steeds aktueel na 450 jaar

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Piet Strauss

2013-09-01

Full Text Available In die denke van Martin Luther bestaan daar spanning tussen die wet van God en die evangelie. Vir Luther is liefde die eie werk en die wet die vreemde werk van God. Daarteenoor integreer of versoen Johannes Calvyn God se wet met die evangelie. Hy vertolk die openingswoorde van die wet byvoorbeeld as liefdevol en bevrydend en daarom evangelies. Calvyn beskou die wet as die manier waarop ’n Christen sy liefde vir God uitleef en sy dankaarheid teenoor God vir sy verlossing betoon. Calvyn se siening oor die verhouding tussen die wet en die evangelie het ’n betekenisvolle invloed op die Heidelbergse Kategismus se formulering ten opsigte van hierdie saak. Volgens die Kategismus is die wet evangelie, of die vorm wat die evangelie in die lewe van die mens aanneem. In the thought of Martin Luther tension exists between the law of God and the gospel. Luther regards love as the own work of God and the law as something strange to the Lord. John Calvin, however, integrates Gods law and the gospel to the extent that the opening words of the ten commandments are regarded as words of love and redemption and therefore evangelical. To Calvin the law becomes the way in which a converted Christian lives and shows his gratitude to God for his salvation. Calvin’s view on the relationship between law and gospel had a significant influence on the way in which the Heidelberg Cathecism formulates these two concepts. For the Cathecism the law is gospel or the form in which the gospel takes shape in human life.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223. Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur insofern eine Rolle, als der Frauenanteil in der besonders kriminalitätsgefährdeten Personengruppe geringer ist.

History, memory and reconciliation: Njabulo Ndebele’s The cry of Winnie Mandela and Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela’s A human being died that night

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R. Goodman

2006-07-01

Full Text Available This article deals with two texts written during the process of transition in South Africa, using them to explore the cultural and ethical complexity of that process. Both Njabulo Ndebele’s “The cry of Winnie Mandela” and Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela’s “A human being died that night” deal with controversial public figures, Winnie Mandela and Eugene de Kock respectively, whose role in South African history has made them part of the national iconography. Ndebele and Gobodo-Madikizela employ narrative techniques that expose and exploit faultlines in the popular representations of these figures. The two texts offer radical ways of understanding the communal and individual suffering caused by apartheid, challenging readers to respond to the past in ways that will promote healing rather than perpetuate a spirit of revenge. The part played by official histories is implicitly questioned and the role of individual stories is shown to be crucial. Forgiveness and reconciliation are seen as dependent on an awareness of the complex circumstances and the humanity of those who are labelled as offenders. This requirement applies especially to the case of “A human being died that night”, a text that insists that the overt acknowledgement of the humanity of people like Eugene de Kock is an important way of healing South African society.

Die heelal en sy onstaan (II

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D. J. Van Rooy

1952-03-01

Full Text Available Ons kennis en wetenskap van die hemelliggame word volkome bepaal deur die lig wat ons van hulle ontvang, d.w.s. as ons die feite wat die Bybel daaromtrent meedeel, buite rekening laat.

Probleme in Bezug auf die slowenische lexikographische ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

slowenische lexikographische Terminologie in Anlehnung an die deutsche lexikographische ... through different types of word-formation processes. ...... GETS → Geodetski tezaver in slovar [Thesaurus und Wörterbuch der Geodäsie], SMeS ..... tueller Graph [konceptualni graf], artificial intelligence → künstliche Intelligenz.

Die histologie en ultrastruktuur van die hepatopankreas van die bloukurper Oreochromis mossambicus

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M. M. Nel

1990-07-01

Full Text Available Die histologie en ultrastruktuur van die hepatopankreas van die bloukurper Oreochromis mossambicus word beskryf. ’n Dun bindweefselkapsel omring die lewer. Die hepatosietrangskikking vertoon as lobules, met die koorde van hepatosiete wat vanaf ’n sentrale vene uitradieer en met mekaar anastomaseer. Indiwiduele lewerlohules vertoon nie duidelike grense nie, maar enkele duidelike triades word wel in die lewer van O. mossambicus aangetref. Die hepatosiete bevat ’n enkele ronde kern met ’n duidelike nukleolus en die growwe endoplasmiese retikula kom in twee of meer rye om die kerne en teen die selgrense van die hepatosiete voor. Die ander sitoplasmiese organelle kom verspreid in die hepatosietsitoplasma voor. Die eksokriene pankreasselle is om die portale venes gesetel. Die kerne van hierdie selle is rond en is hasaal in die kubies- tot silindervormige selle gelee. ’n Goedontwikkelde growwe endoplasmiese retikulum — vesikulêr, tubulêr en sirkulêr in vorm — en sektretoriese granules wat apikaal in die sel gelee is, kom voor.

Die singulation method

Science.gov (United States)

Swiler, Thomas P.; Garcia, Ernest J.; Francis, Kathryn M.

2013-06-11

A method is disclosed for singulating die from a semiconductor substrate (e.g. a semiconductor-on-insulator substrate or a bulk silicon substrate) containing an oxide layer (e.g. silicon dioxide or a silicate glass) and one or more semiconductor layers (e.g. monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon) located above the oxide layer. The method etches trenches through the substrate and through each semiconductor layer about the die being singulated, with the trenches being offset from each other around at least a part of the die so that the oxide layer between the trenches holds the substrate and die together. The trenches can be anisotropically etched using a Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process. After the trenches are etched, the oxide layer between the trenches can be etched away with an HF etchant to singulate the die. A release fixture can be located near one side of the substrate to receive the singulated die.

'n Ondersoek na die potensiaal-bepaling van werknemers in die landbousektor.

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J. C. D. Augustyn

1989-05-01

Full Text Available An investigation into determining the potential of workers in the agricultural sector. Industrial Psychological principles and concepts are not being applied extensively in the agricultural sector. Against this background an attempt was made to scientifically identify potential and predict job performance amongst farm labourers. Using the PAQ method of job analysis, critical attributes were identified and a satisfactorily valid battery of tests was developed. The results of this study underlines the importance of the identification of the potential of farm labourers as a first step in the personnel management process. It also serves as a source of information that could be used by farmers for counselling purposes. Opsomming Wat die toepassing van Bedryfsielkundige beginsels en konsepte betref bestaan daar in die landboubedryf nog groot leemtes. Teen hierdie agtergrond is 'n poging aangewend om op 'n wetenskaplike wyse die potensiaal van plaasarbeiders te bepaal. Deur middel van die WOV-metode van posontleding is kritieke attribute by workers geidentifiseer en kon 'n toetsbattery met aanvaarbare geldigheid saamgestel word. Die resultate van die studie bevestig dat die identifisering van die potensiaal van plaaswerkers 'n noodsaaklike eerste stap in die personeelbestuursproses is. Dit kan ook met groot vrug as voorligtingshulpmiddel deur boere gebruik word.

Die identifisering van maatstawwe vir die navorsingsprestasie van akademici

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H. A. Labuschagne

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Identification of criteria for academic research performance. At South African universities, the achievement of objectives is usually measured in terms of so-called "process criteria" (e.g. pass rates, instead of performance criteria which reflect the quality of academic personnel. Stimulated by the need to identify valid indices of research performance, as a component of academic performance, this study investigated the dimensionality of several criteria, identified from empirical and literature studies. It was found that various valid criteria could be represented by six constructs, viz.: the stature of the researcher as scientist; scientific contributions; enhancement of own profession; community development; participation in research projects; and giving advice to persons or institutions outside the university. Opsomming By Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite word doelwitbereiking gewoonlik aan die hand van sogenaamde "prosesmaat-stawwe" (bv. slaagsyfers in plaas van prestasiemaatstawwe wat die gehalte van akademiese personeel weerspieel, gemeet. Na aanleiding van 'n behoefte aan die identifisering van geldige rigtingwysers vir navorsingsprestasie as 'n komponent van akademiese prestasie, is daar ondersoek ingestel na die dimensionaliteit van verskillende maatstawwe wat vooraf deur middel van empiriese- en literatuurstudies geidentifiseer is. Daar is gevind dat verskeie geldige maatstawwe deur ses konstrukte verteenwoordig word, te wete: die statuur van die navorser as wetenskaplike, wetenskaplike bydraes, uitbouing van eie professie, gemeenskapsontwikkeling, deelname aan navorsingsprojekte en advieslewering aan persone of instellings buite die Universiteit.

Die spel van assosiasies in en om 'Die verlossing van die beeld' van Breyten Breytenbach

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P.A. du Toit

2005-07-01

Full Text Available The play of association in and around 'The liberation of the image' by Breyten Breytenbach This analysis focuses on the conjunction of memory and imagination, which is an important impulse in, and key to, Breytenbach’s work. The play with language and with associations, the foregrounding, in the short story, “Die verlossing van die beeld” (Breytenbach, 1983 with its metafictional title and apparently divergent motifs (rain/water, watch, onion, the death and burial of a grandfather acts, as it were, as an invitation to the reader to become a co-player. The reader ventures on a search for traces, intertextual links within the Breytenbach oeuvre and for already acknowledged influences such as Surrealism (which in turn casts some light on the strange title of the story and the Eastern philosophies such as Zen and the even older Taoism. The analysis also takes into account the context in which “Mouroir” was written, namely Breytenbach’s term in prison (1975-1982. Seeing that the writer had to hand in his manuscripts to the jail authorities regularly, he might have decided, consciously or by intuition, to hide some thoughts and feelings behind a screen or a mask, in, for example in “Die verlossing van die beeld”, a lighter tone and irony.

die impak van metodologie op die verstaan van die nuwe testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

voorbeeld eers een maal deur die bril van die vorm- en redaksiekritiek na die Evangelies gekyk het, dink jy vir altyd anders oor hulle tot- standkoming. Inderdaad, nuwe metodes lei tot nuwe perspektiewe! Dit is dan ook waar die fokus van hierdie artikel val: die impak van metodologie op die verstaan van die Nuwe ...

Die vrede van Münster / Westfale en die betekenis daarvan vir die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis egter is die Vrede van Münster as epogmakende gebeure tot dusver nie net in die algemeen verwaarloos nie, maar boonop is die direkte verband tussen hierdie sentrale historiese baken aan die een kant en aan die ander kant die vestiging van die VOC se verversingspos aan die ...

Taalgesindhede en die onderrig van Afrikaans

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Barbara Bosch

2013-02-01

Full Text Available In die onderrig aan en aanleer van Afrikaans deur nie-moedertaalsprekers behoort daar in 'n multi-kulturele omgewing met taalgesindhede rekening gehou te word: die taalaanleerder se gesindheid teenoor en stereotipiese sienswyses van die sprekers van die teikentaal en die teikentaal self beinvloed die sukses van die verskil/ende stadia van die aanleerproses. Hierdie beinvloeding vind plaas omdat gesindhede motivering beinvloed en as sosio-affektiewe filter in die taalaanleerproses kan optree. Die implikasies van heersende gesindhede teenoor Afrikaans vir die onderrig en aanleer van die taal in 'n multitalige situasie word indringend bespreek. In the teaching of Afrikaans to and the acquisition of the language by non-mother tongue speakers in a multi-lingual environment, cognizance should be taken of prevailing attitudes: the attitudes of the learner towards the target language and his/her stereotypical perceptions of the target language and its speakers which influence the success of the language learning process in various stages. This influence takes place because attitudes affect motivation and can also act as a socio-ajjective filter in the language acquisition process. The implications of existing attitudes towards Afrikaans for the teaching and acquisition of the language in a multi-lingual situation are discussed in depth.

Die beeld van die opvoeder — 'n groep Opvoedkunde-studente se ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erna Kinsey

noemde tipe opvoeder die "folterkameronderwyser". Uit voorafgaande blyk dit eerstens dat opvoeders 'n belangrike invloed op leerders se akademiese suksesse en/of mislukkings, asook hulle persoonlike geluk kan hê, tweedens tree opvoeders om altruïs- tiese, maar ook om egosentriese redes tot die onderwysberoep toe ...

die pers as bron oor die geskiedenis van die eerste vrydeidsoorlog

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dood agv wonde wat hy tydens die slag opgedoen het. Dit was vir die Britse volk onaanvaarbaar dat slegs twee Boere gedood is nadat daar tussen. 20 000 en 30 000 rondtes op die Boere afgevuur is. Die pers kon net nie die ware syfers publiseer nie, want dit sou na 'n onwaarheid Iyk. Het die. Britse volk egter die Boere ...

Die partypolitiek en die toekoms van die Afrikaanse volkskultuur

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A.P. Treurnicht

1970-03-01

Full Text Available Reeds in 1853 het die Zuid Afrikaan hom soos volg uitgelaat: „Dis ’n dwaling wat ons reeds meermale bestry het dat ons as Britse onderdane verplig sou wees, om die Britse nasionaliteit ons s’n te maak. Die Kolonis van Hollandse oorsprong kan geen Engelsman word nie, en moet ook geen Nederlander wil wees nie. Wanneer hy weet om sy standpunt te waardeer, dan sal hy as verligte kolonis die grondtrekke van die Engelse volkskarakter met dié van die Nederlandse harmonies leer verenig en daardeur word wat hy as Kapenaar moet word.”

Effects of die profile on grain refinement in Al–Mg alloy processed by repetitive corrugation and straightening

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thangapandian, N., E-mail: erpandian@gmail.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600025 (India); Balasivanandha Prabu, S. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600025 (India); Padmanabhan, K.A. [Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 (India)

2016-01-01

It is shown that a proper selection of corrugation die profile and die parameters is essential for achieving homogeneous grain refinement in materials subjected to repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS). An Al–Mg (AA 5083) alloy was subjected to the RCS process using three different corrugation die profiles (V-groove, Flat groove, and Semi-circular groove), followed by straightening to determine the allowable maximum number of passes prior to surface cracking/fracture. Mechanical properties, i.e., hardness and tensile strength of the RCS samples were measured and compared as functions of corrugation die profiles and number of passes and the changes in microstructure. Grain refinement was studied using Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Die invloed van die neo-marxistiese kultuuranalise op die Wêreldraad van Kerke en die Gereformeerde Kerke van Nederland

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J. M. Vorster

1979-05-01

Full Text Available Toe die studente dwarsoor die VSA en Europa in die laat sestigerjare ’n plotselinge en radikale verset openbaar het teen die bestaande orde, het hulle die deur geopen vir ’n nuwe mededinger om die hart van die Westerse kultuur. Dit is die nou reeds bekende neo-Marxisme. Sedertdien het hierdie jongeling sy voetspore op vele vlakke van die Westerse kultuur gelaat.

Die gebruik van ’n reologiese tegniek in die bepaling van die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van ’n reaktiewe poliësterpoeierdeklaag

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O. C. Vorster

2004-09-01

Full Text Available

Die studie van die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van deklae word bemoeilik deur die aanwesigheid van vlugtige stowwe, pigmente en bypigmente. In hierdie studie word die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van ’n karboksielgetermineerde poliëstertriglisediel-isosianuraat deur middel van parallelplaatspanningsreometrie bepaal. Jeltye is verkry en skaleringseksponente bepaal. ’n Nuwe metode vir die voorspelling van die verloop van die reaksie word voorgestel en vergelyk met resultate verkry deur middel van differensiël skanderingskalorimetrie.

Abstract

The use of a rheological technique in the determination of the curing kinetics of a reactive polyester powder coating

In this article a study of the curing process of carboxyl terminated polyester-triglycidyl isocyanurate systems is reported. A comparison is made between the generally used Differential Scanning Calorimetric methods and rheokinetic methods, using a parallel plate oscillating stress rheometer. Gel times were determined and scaling exponents calculated. A new method for the estimation of the extent of reaction is presented and compared with results obtained by means of differential scanning calorimetry

woord beter aan hierdie doel nie, as die huidige uitgawe. A. S. G ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

... twee van die vemaamste ondersoekers van die vonds, op spannende en onderhoudende wyse vertel. Een belangrike resultaat is dat die gnostiese Evangelium Veritatis wat nou vir die eerste maal onder die oë van die wetenskap kom, afhanklik is van die kanonieke vierde Evangelie en daarmee is vanselfsprekend alle.

Nursing care of patients during the dying process: a painful professional and human function.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopera Betancur, Martha Adiela

2015-01-01

This work sought to describe the care functions of nurses with patients during the dying process. This was a qualitative study with ethnographic approach stemming from the analysis of the culture of nurses; it was conducted in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Theoretical saturation was obtained with 23 interviews. Nurses feel the duty to care for patients throughout the vital cycle through functions defined as: serving, helping, accompanying, offering support, advocating, educating, and representing, which they identify as indispensable. They also perceive as their own the social responsibility for some issues related to death and due to this they get involved at the personal level, appropriate care and are affected as persons. Patient care during dying processes transcends the limits of the nurse' professional functions to become a human obligation.

[Death and dying process: evidences from the literature of nursing].

Science.gov (United States)

Júnior, Fernando José Guedes da Silva; Santos, Lissandra Chaves de Sousa; Moura, Pedro Victor dos Santos; Melo, Belisa Maria Silva; Monteiro, Claudete Ferreira de Souza

2011-01-01

The objective was to identify the profile of production and analyze perceptions, feelings and confrontations on the process of death and dying in the practice evidenced in nursing scientific production in the period 1994 to 2009. There was a qualitative, descriptive research, developed through a systematic literature review with metasynthesis from the meta-ethnographic method. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, this set was subjected to quality assessment checklist with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Subjects perceive this process as a transition, separation and finitude. This is permeated with feelings of frustration and powerlessness and the most effective interventions to this issue is the development of coping strategies that vary with the reality of each individual.

Die hervertolking van die paradigma in verband met die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kerkorde van De Mist en die Algemene Reglement van 1816, wat onderskeidelik vir die Kaapse Kerk en die .... Een van die eerstes was Sam Freiherr von Pufendorf (1632-1694) wat in sy werk De habitu religionis ..... Koning was weer aan bewind (vgl Diepenhorst sj:74w; De Visser 1926/1927 lll:202w). 43.1 JD Janssen ...

An alternative design method for the double-layer combined die using autofrettage theory

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C. Hu

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The double-layer combined die is used for its longer life in forging. Autofrettage is a well-known elastic–plastic technology that increases the durability of thick-walled cylinders. This study explores an alternative design method of the double-layer combined die using autofrettage theory. An analytical solution for the autofrettage process of the double-layer combined die is obtained based on Lamé's equation. The relationship between the autofrettage pressure and the yield radius of the die insert is obtained, and expressions of residual stresses and displacements, which are directly related to geometric parameters, material properties and internal pressure, are derived. The finite-element simulation of a specific case is performed, and good agreement between theoretical calculations and simulation results is found. Furthermore, the effects of important parameters, including the ratio of the plastic area and yield strength of the die insert and the outer diameters of the die insert and stress ring, on the autofrettage effect are investigated. Compared with the conventional combined die, the autofrettaged die can bear larger working pressure, as expected. The use of the autofrettaged die can reduce the amount of expensive material required for the die insert and the working space of the die set, which would benefit the practical forging process.

Concepts for `superior process control` in the energy industry; Konzepte fuer die uebergeordnete Prozessfuehrung in der Energiewirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doellen, U.C. von

1996-12-01

The work concerns the task of control described as dispatching of extensive energy supply and distribution networks. Due to the special contractual situation, there are special long-term targets in firms, which must be achieved in addition to the extensive operational tasks of control and monitoring of the networks. The concepts introduced in the work offer a framework for a target-orientated design of computer-aided menus for this superior process control in the energy industry. (orig./GL) [Deutsch] Die Arbeit betrachtet die als Dispatching bezeichnete Aufgabe der Fuehrung ausgedehnter Energieversorgungs- und verteilungsnetze. Aus den speziellen Vertragssituationen ergeben sich in den Unternehmen besondere, langfristige Zielvorgaben an die mit der Betriebsfuehrung beauftragen Operateure, die zusaetzlich zu den umfangreichen operativen Aufgaben der Fuehrung und Ueberwachung der Netze zu erreichen sind. Die in der Arbeit vorgestellten Konzepte bieten den Rahmen fuer einen zielgerichteten Entwurf rechnergestuetzter Hilfsmittel fuer diese uebergeordnete Prozessfuehrung in der Energiewirtschaft. Das erstellte Gesamtsystem wird abschliessend zur Loesung einer konkreten, energiewirtschaftlichen Problemstellung eingesetzt. Die entwickelte Anwendungsloesung wird als Hilfsmittel fuer die technische und vertragliche Optimierung im Dispatching eingesetzt. Wesentliche Zielsetzung ist ein technisch und wirtschaftlich optimaler Einsatz von Energiespeichern zur Deckung von Spitzenlasten. (orig./GL)

Die teologiese skool in die P.U.K vir C.H.O.: met die betekenis van die teologiese skool vir die Christelike wetenskap

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F. Postma

1944-03-01

Full Text Available Die Teologiese Skool van die Gereformeerde Kerk gedink op 29 November 1944 sy vyf-en-sewentigjarige bestaan.Die Raad en Senaat van die P.U.K. vir C.H.O. wil ook langs hierdie weg die Teologiese Skool van harte gelukwens en die versekering gee dat daar by die outoriteite van die P.U.K. ’n diepgevoelde dankbaarheid heers dat hierdie inrigting sovele jare deur onse God en Vader gedra en gespaar is.

Sowjetische Frauenzeitschriften schaffen die „Neue Frau" Exploring Sovjet Women’s Magazines as Creators of the New Woman

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Elena Gapova

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Die sowjetische Geschichte während der ersten drei Jahrzehnte der kommunistischen Herrschaft (bis zu Stalins Tod ist kein unbeschriebenes Blatt. Frauen erhielten während dieser Zeit mehr Aufmerksamkeit, als man meinen könnte; tatsächlich vollzogen sich damals weitreichende Veränderungen in den Geschlechterverhältnissen. Die vorliegenden Werke sehen diese Periode der 20er Jahre in ihrer überwiegenden Zahl als eine Zeit, in der sich revolutionäre Initiativen für Frauen vollzogen haben, auf die ein „großer Rückzug“ in den 30er Jahren bis zu der Zeit, in der Stalin an die Macht kam, folgte, in dem progressive Pläne von sozialkonservativen Kräften wieder unterdrückt wurden. Dieser Sicht wurde vor kurzem widersprochen und die These entgegengehalten, dass eine radikale Veränderung der Strategien nicht stattfand. Beide Auffassungen beschäftigen sich dabei mit der Frage „was die Bolschewiken nicht für die Frauen getan haben“. In jedem Fall aber bietet diese Zeit noch viel Raum für weitergehende Forschungen. Lynne Attwood, die vor kurzem Bücher mit den Titeln „Der neue sowjetische Mann und die neue sowjetische Frau: Geschlechtsrollenspezifische Sozialisation in der UdSSR“ und „Rote Frauen auf der Leinwand: Sowjetische Frauen und Kino während der kommunistischen Ära“ veröffentlicht hat, beschreibt als das Ziel ihrer neuen Studie „die Rolle zu erforschen, die die Frauenzeitschriften Rabotnytsa (Arbeiterin und Krestyanka (Bäuerin bei dem Versuch gespielt haben, die neue sowjetische Frau durch die Präsentation geeigneter Rollenvorbilder weiblicher Identität für ihre Leserinnen zu schaffen.Soviet history of the first three decades of communist rule (until Stalin’s death is not an unknown area in which the women received considerably less attention than one could have thought—in fact, grandiose transformations of gender relations were taking place during the time. The existing works largely interpret the period as

Being One with the Universe: Finding a Silver Lining in Dying.

Science.gov (United States)

Caratao-Mojica, Rhea

2015-07-01

Woody Allen once quoted, "I don't mind dying so much, I just don't want to be there when it happens" (as cited in Ingram, 2002, p. 1). Oftentimes, death is not a happy subject, a reality that most of us fear, yet something we all must face. In this paper, three articles were reviewed that explored the living-dying (Phillips, 1992) process of the terminally ill and the material was conceptualized in light of Rogers (1994) science of unitary human beings. To further understand and explore the living-dying process, creative examples (movie screenplay, novel, song and others) were cited. During the living-dying process exploration, three common themes were expressed by the subjects (dying persons), namely: valuing own perspective of quality of life; choosing personal meanings with ways of moving beyond with the possibles (Lee & Pilkington, 1999), while focusing on life's meaning rather than life's details (Dobratz, 2002); and connecting to the world-as-unknown while self-separating to the world-as-known in actively seeking the union with death (Kubler-Ross, 1981; Callanan & Kelly, 1992; Dobratz, 2002). It is important for healthcare providers to recognize and acknowledge all three themes to be able to understand dying persons, to focus on their wholeness rather than their disease, and to help families discern symbolic messages conveyed by them. Moreover, knowing these themes also enables healthcare providers to help all parties to transition and be able to accept and embrace the most difficult process—the living-dying (Phillips, 1992) process. © The Author(s) 2015.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 alloy according to thickness and forming condition of the products by a high pressure die-casting process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Joon Hong [Dong-A University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Chung Gil [Pusan National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

2013-10-15

In recent years, Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have become a center of special interest in the automotive industry. Due to their high specific mechanical properties, they offer a significant weight saving potential in modern vehicle constructions. Most Mg alloys show very good machinability and processability, and even the most complicated die casting parts can be easily produced. The die casting process is a fast production method capable of a high degree of automation for which certain Mg alloys are ideally suited. Although Mg alloys are fulfilling the demands for low specific weight materials with excellent machining and casting abilities, they are still not used in die casting process to the same extent as the competing material aluminum. One of the reasons is that effects of various forming variables for die casting process is not closely examined from the viewpoint of die design. In this study, step die and flowability tests for AM50 were performed by die casting process according to various combination of casting pressure and plunger velocity. Microstructure, Vickers hardness and tensile tests were examined and performed for each specimen to verify effects of forming conditions.

Simulation and experimental verification of the filling process of semi-solid die forging for cup shell

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianbo TAN

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The filling mold process of semi-solid alloy blank influences severely the forming and properties of finished piece. In this paper, DEFORM is applied to simulate the process of cup-type 6061 alloy die forging casting. The influences of the temperature of semi-solid alloy blank, preheating temperature, and downward press speed of pressure head on process of mold filling and velocity field are investigated. The results show that the mold filling of semi-solid alloy paste smoothly fills along the whole of mould cavity in “total wall thickness” form when the temperature of semi-solid alloy blank is 620 ℃, preheating temperature of pressure head is 200 ℃ and speed of pressure head is 40 mm/s. Along with the increase of the preheating temperature of pressure head, the filling process of the semi-solid alloy paste trends toward stable when the temperature of semi-solid alloy blank is 620 ℃ and the speed of pressure head is 20 mm/s. Along with the increasing of the temperature of semi-solid alloy, the process of mould filling becomes off balance and the liquid becomes turbulent flow. The velocity field in the process of mould filling affects severely the structure uniformity of the finished product.

Die Entwicklung der Keramik von 3000 BP bis zur Gegenwart in den Tonebenen südlich des Tschadsees

OpenAIRE

Wiesmüller, Birgitt

2003-01-01

Den Kern der hier vorliegenden Arbeit bildet die Gliederung der Keramikfunde von drei Siedlungshügeln aus den Tonebenen (auch firki genannt) des südwestlichen Tschadbeckens Nordost- Nigerias. Obwohl das Gebiet in den 60er Jahren bereits archäologisch erschlossen wurde, waren die keramikchronologischen Aspekte nur oberflächlich abgehandelt worden. Ziel der Arbeit war somit die Erstellung einer grundlegenden Keramikchronologie anhand der sehr umfangreichen Fundmengen aus den Siedlungshügeln Kur...

die sinodale verband van die nederduitse gereformeerde kerk in die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Liezel

Strauss. Die sinodale verband van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk. 122 die Vrystaatse Sinode anti-veranderingsgesind of eerder gesond-behoudend of gereformeerd-gematig? Veral as dit .... howe) in moeilike omstandighede gebring is (NG Kerk in die OVS 1865-1912:5). In 'n brief op 8 Augustus 1864 ontken Ds.

Die kerkregtelike posisie van die ouderling en diaken in die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... drie dekades die Kerkreg gevestig as 'n selfstandige vak in die teologiese curriculum, maar ook 'n baie groot rol gespeel daarin dat die beginsels van die kerk like reg beter begryp word. Naas sy wetenskaplike bydrae word met eweveel genoegdoening gedink aan sy bcsondere persoonlikheid, sy werkvermoe, sy humor-.

Nursing care of patients during the dying process: a painful professional and human function

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Adiela Lopera Betancur

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Objective. This work sought to describe the care functions of nurses with patients during the dying process. Methodology. This was a qualitative study with ethnographic approach stemming from the analysis of the culture of nurses; it was conducted in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Theoretical saturation was obtained with 23 interviews. Results. Nurses feel the duty to care for patients throughout the vital cycle through functions defined as: serving, helping, accompanying, offering support, advocating, educating, and representing, which they identify as indispensable. They also perceive as their own the social responsibility for some issues related to death and due to this they get involved at the personal level, appropriate care and are affected as persons. Conclusion. Patient care during dying processes transcends the limits of the nurse' professional functions to become a human obligation.

Die casting copper motor rotors: mold materials and processing for cost-effective manufacturing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peters, D.T.; Cowie, J.G.; Brush, E.F. Jr.

2000-07-01

This project seeks to demonstrate mold materials for copper pressure die-casting that are cost-effective and practical for production use in die-casting copper motor rotors. The incorporation of die-cast copper for conductor bars and end rings of the induction motor in place of aluminum would result in attractive improvements in motor energy efficiency through reductions in motor losses ranging from 15% to 20%. Die-cast motor rotors are produced in aluminum today because rotor fabrication by pressure die-casting is an established practice. Lack of a durable and cost-effective mold material has been the technical barrier preventing manufacture of the die-cast copper rotor. This project tested H-13 steel die inserts that establish the baseline. Nickel-, tungsten-, and molybdenum-based high temperature alloys were extensively tested. Results indicate that substantially extended die life is possible using high temperature die materials, pre-heated and operated at elevated temperatures. Pre-heating and high operating temperatures were shown to be critical in extending the die life by decreasing the cyclic stresses associated with thermal expansion. Extended die life provides the opportunity for economically viable copper motor rotor die-casting. (orig.)

Die gebruik van parallelplaatreologie vir die bepaling van die intrinsieke viskositeit van poli-etileentereftalaat

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O. C. Vorster

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Die bepaling van die intrinsieke viskositeit van poli-etileentereftalaat word bemoeilik deur die feit dat daar tans slegs twee metodes in gebruik is. In die eerste metode word die bepaling deur middel van oplossingsviskometrie gedoen, maar die toksisiteit van die oplosmiddel, asook die tydperk wat dit neem om die bepaling te doen, is ’n probleem. Die tweede metode word beperk deur die kompleksiteit en beskikbaarheid van die apparatuur in Suid-Afrika. In hierdie studie word ’n alternatiewe metode, gebaseer op parallelplaatreologie, voorgestel wat albei hierdie probleme oorkom en die resultate sodoende verkry, word vergelyk met dié wat met bestaande metodes verkry is.

Ein (neuer Blick auf die Konkurrenz unter Frauenforscherinnen A (New Look at Competition Among Women Scholars in Women’s Studies

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Anina Mischau

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Die Solidarität unter Frauenforscherinnen wird bis heute als politisch-ideologisches Postulat der Frauenforschung aufrechterhalten, obwohl im Zuge einer zunehmenden Institutionalisierung und Professionalisierung bei einer gleichzeitig nahezu unveränderten Marginalisierung der Frauenforschung an deutschen Hochschulen eine stärker werdende Konkurrenz auch unter Frauenforscherinnen zu beobachten ist. Sünne Andresen geht der Frage nach den möglichen Ursachen von Konkurrenz unter Frauenforscherinnen in der Hochschule nach. Diese Fragestellung ist in der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung nicht neu, wenngleich sie bislang eher allgemein auf die Konkurrenz unter Wissenschaftlerinnen bezogen worden ist. Innovativ ist jedoch, dass die Autorin hierfür den subjektwissenschaftlichen Ansatz der Kritischen Psychologie und die Habitus-Feld-Konzeption Bourdieus als theoretischen Bezugsrahmen auswählt und damit deutlich über die vorherrschenden subjektzentrierten oder strukturtheoretischen Erklärungsansätze hinausgeht. Die empirische Basis ihrer Studie sind sechs qualitative Interviews mit Habilitandinnen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Fächer, die sich auf die Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung spezialisiert haben. Insgesamt arbeitet die Autorin interessante Aspekte möglicher Ursachen des Konkurrenzverhaltens unter und der Konkurrenzerfahrungen von Frauenforscherinnen heraus. Sie bleibt der Leserin aber mindestens genauso viele Antworten schuldig, wie sie durch die dargestellten „empirischen Ergebnisse" zu geben vermag.Until the present day, solidarity among feminist scholars is upheld as an ideological-political postulate in this particular scholarly community. These views continue to be upheld despite the increasing institutionalisation and professionalisation of research in women’s studies research. These institutional changes result in an increased sense of competition among feminist scholars, while women’s studies continue to

Economical surface treatment of die casting dies to prevent soldering in high pressure casting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fraser, D.T.; Jahedi, M.Z.

2001-01-01

This paper describes the use of a gas oxidation treatment of H13 tool steel to develop a compact iron oxide layer at the surface of core pins to prevent soldering in high pressure die casting. The performance of oxide layers in the protection of die steel against soldering during high pressure die casting was tested in a specially designed die using removable core pins and Al-11 Si-3 Cu casting alloy. The gas oxidation treatment can be applied at low temperatures and to large areas of the die surface. In addition this process is very cost effective compared to other coating processes such as physical vapour deposition (PVD), or thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) coatings. This work demonstrated that surface treatment producing pure magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) layers are more protective than oxide layers containing a combination of Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite) and Fe 3 O 3 (haematite). The magnetite layer acts as a barrier between the die steel/casting alloy interface and prevents the formation of inter-metallic phases. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to determine the thickness of the oxide layer, while X-ray diffraction was performed to determine the oxide phase structure

The Investigations of Friction under Die Surface Vibration in Cold Forging Process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jinming, Sha

investigation, and the second stage is to design and manufacture a more practical tool system which can be used to forging some industrial components with larger capacity. The high performance and power piezoelectric actuator stack as the vibration source will be used for designing the vibration system in order...... to 50% with vibration being applied in forming process. Furthermore, by using finite element method, a series of the simulations of the cold forging process under die surface excitation have been implemented in order to further understand the influence of vibration on friction, especially the influence...

Navigating "Assisted Dying".

Science.gov (United States)

Schipper, Harvey

2016-02-01

Carter is a bellwether decision, an adjudication on a narrow point of law whose implications are vast across society, and whose impact may not be realized for years. Coupled with Quebec's Act Respecting End-of-life Care it has sharply changed the legal landscape with respect to actively ending a person's life. "Medically assisted dying" will be permitted under circumstances, and through processes, which have yet to be operationally defined. This decision carries with it moral assumptions, which mean that it will be difficult to reach a unifying consensus. For some, the decision and Act reflect a modern acknowledgement of individual autonomy. For others, allowing such acts is morally unspeakable. Having opened the Pandora's Box, the question becomes one of navigating a tolerable societal path. I believe it is possible to achieve a workable solution based on the core principle that "medically assisted dying" should be a very rarely employed last option, subject to transparent ongoing review, specifically as to why it was deemed necessary. My analysis is based on 1. The societal conditions in which have fostered demand for "assisted dying", 2. Actions in other jurisdictions, 3. Carter and Quebec Bill 52, 4. Political considerations, 5. Current medical practice. Leading to a series of recommendations regarding. 1. Legislation and regulation, 2. The role of professional regulatory agencies, 3. Medical professions education and practice, 4. Public education, 5. Health care delivery and palliative care. Given the burden of public opinion, and the legal steps already taken, a process for assisted-dying is required. However, those legal and regulatory steps should only be considered a necessary and defensive first step in a two stage process. The larger goal, the second step, is to drive the improvement of care, and thus minimize assisted-dying.

Die voorsienigheidsleer van Calvyn: Uit sy debatte

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Morné Diedericks

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Calvyn se leer van God se voorsienigheid is ongetwyfeld een van die mees kontroversiële onderwerpe van sy teologie. Dit word duidelik in al die debatte waarin Calvyn sy leer oor die voorsienigheid moes verdedig, byvoorbeeld teen Pighius, Bolsec, Bullinger en Castellio. Vyfhonderd jaar later word Calvyn weer in die openbaar oor sy voorsienigheidsleer aangeval deur ’n Suid-Afrikaanse teoloog, Adrio König. Calvyn se antwoord op Castellio in Die verborge voorsienigheid van God is duidelik nie deur König in ag geneem nie. In Calvyn se verdediging van sy voorsienigheidsleer verwerp hy nooit die soewereiniteit van God nie, maar gee ook nie vir God die skuld vir die kwaad nie – ’n beskuldiging wat Castellio en König teen Calvyn inbring. Die troos van God se voorsienigheid lê vir Calvyn juis daarin dat God alle dinge, ook teenspoed en verdrukking, deur sy verborge voorsienigheid beskik met die doel om sy kinders nader na Hom te lei. Calvin’s teaching on providence: From his debates. Calvin’s teaching on God’s providence is without doubt one of the most controversial subjects in his theology. This is clear in all the debates in which Calvin had to defend his teaching on providence, against, for example, Pighius, Bolsec, Bullinger and Castellio. Five hundred years later Calvin has again been publicly attacked on his teaching on providence by a South African theologian, Adrio König. König, however, did not consider Calvin’s response to Castellio in The secret providence of God. In Calvin’s defence of his teaching on providence he in no circumstances denies the sovereignty of God, but also does not give God the blame for any ills that might result – an accusation that Castellio and König levied against him. For Calvin, the consolation of God’s providence rests in the fact that God ordains all things, including adversity and affliction, through his secret providence for the purpose of leading his children closer to him.

Die ontwikkeling van die bestuursmotiveringsvraelys (BMV

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A. S. Engelbrecht

1991-06-01

Full Text Available The development of the Managerial Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ: Several criticisms of the psychometric suitability of existing measures of managerial motivation are reported in the literature. This study aimed at developing a new psychometrically sound instrument, the Managerial Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ. This was done on the basis of a comprehensive study of the literature on managerial motivation and the role-motivation theory. The preliminary MMQ was systematically shortened and refined until the final MMQ of 98 items was composed. This was based on social desirability and semantic appraisal, item analysis and factor analysis of the questionnaire. The results indicate that it was possible to develop a final MMQ that was relatively free of social desirability. It further demonstrated satsifactory internal consistencies on two samples (a = 0/90, N = 360; a = 0/91, N = 535, where all subscale items were found to be relatively pure measures of the isolated factors. Although some evidence was found providing support for the reliability of the MMQ, a need for further research on the construct validity of managerial motivation still exists. Opsomming In die literatuur word verskeie punte van kritiek teen die psigometriese geskiktheid van bestaande meetinstrumente van bestuursmotivering gerapporteer. Die doelstelling van hierdie studie was dus om aan die hand van die konseptuele omiyning van bestuursmotivering, en die rolmotiveringsteorie as algemene verwysingsraamwerk, 'n nuwe psigometries aanvaarbare meetinstrument, die Bestuursmotiveringsvraelys (BMV, te ontwikkel. Op grond van sosiale wenslikheids- en semantiese beoordeling, itemontleding en faktorontleding van die voorlopige BMV is die vraelys stelselmatig verkort en verfyn totdat die finale BMV van 98 items saamgestel is. Die resultate dui daarop dat hierdie studie wel daarin geslaag het om 'n finale BMV te ontwikkel wat relatief vry van sosiale wenslikheid is, bevredigende interne

De-tabooing dying control - a grounded theory study

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Background Dying is inescapable yet remains a neglected issue in modern health care. The research question in this study was “what is going on in the field of dying today?” What emerged was to eventually present a grounded theory of control of dying focusing specifically on how people react in relation to issues about euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Methods Classic grounded theory was used to analyze interviews with 55 laypersons and health care professionals in North America and Europe, surveys on attitudes to PAS among physicians and the Swedish general public, and scientific literature, North American discussion forum websites, and news sites. Results Open awareness of the nature and timing of a patient’s death became common in health care during the 1960s in the Western world. Open dying awareness contexts can be seen as the start of a weakening of a taboo towards controlled dying called de-tabooing. The growth of the hospice movement and palliative care, but also the legalization of euthanasia and PAS in the Benelux countries, and PAS in Montana, Oregon and Washington further represents de-tabooing dying control. An attitude positioning between the taboo of dying control and a growing taboo against questioning patient autonomy and self-determination called de-paternalizing is another aspect of de-tabooing. When confronted with a taboo, people first react emotionally based on “gut feelings” - emotional positioning. This is followed by reasoning and label wrestling using euphemisms and dysphemisms - reflective positioning. Rarely is de-tabooing unconditional but enabled by stipulated positioning as in soft laws (palliative care guidelines) and hard laws (euthanasia/PAS legislation). From a global perspective three shapes of dying control emerge. First, suboptimal palliative care in closed awareness contexts seen in Asian, Islamic and Latin cultures, called closed dying. Second, palliative care and sedation therapy, but not euthanasia

Numerology and Ritual in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying

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Afroditi-Maria Panaghis

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In As I Lay Dying William Faulkner employs numerology to concretize the ritual of death as well as draw the reader’s attention to its function and significance. Although multiple studies have offered detailed analyses of the text, none until today has tackled the subject of numbers in association with the theme of death. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the writer used numerology in order to present the nihilism of the human condition, to outline the manner by which the experience of nothingness can transform a pessimistic view into an optimistic one, and to show that the process of redemption and transcendence can spring from “the Reductio ad absurdum of all human endeavor” (Volpe 131. The article will also stress that death constitutes a major transitional state through which, Addie, the protagonist, must travel from this world to the next; and elucidate the characters, the plot, and the structure of the novella via the signified nuances attached to the chosen numbers.

Die uitbouing van die Bybelse kanon in antieke Judaïsme en die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

31 Jul 2015 ... die oer-Christelike boodskap tot by sy Ou Testamentiese wortels, die geskrifte van Israel wat cum grano salis die 'Bybel' van die oer-Christendom geword het en die blywende verwysingspunt van die Christelike boodskap is. Erkenning. Hierdie artikel is vertaal na Afrikaans deur Prof. Jan G. van der Watt.

Die verband tussen waargenome leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband

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A. Van der Heyde

2003-10-01

Full Text Available The relationship between perceived leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context remains a contemporary theme in the work environment and seemingly has a substantial influence on organisational success. This study attempted to ascertain the relationship between leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context. Two hundred and thirty (N=230 individuals, grouped into 56 teams from four South African companies participated in the study. The superordinate’s leadership style as well as the level of outonomy in the specific group was measured. Apart from the useful information obtained in comparison with international research, especially in terms of leadership data, the study did conclusively point out a significant correlation between leadership style and autonomy in team context. Opsomming Leierskap en selfgerigte spanfunksionering bly kontemporêre temas in die bedryfsmilieu, wat oënskynlik organisasiesukses wesenlik kan beïnvloed. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waargenome verband tussen leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband te bepaal. Tweehondered-en-dertig (N=230 individue, gegroepeer in 56 spanne vanuit vier Suid-Afrikaanse maatksappye het aan die studie deelgeneem. ‘n Meting van sowel die bogeskikte se leierskapstyl en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband is verkry. Afgesien van bruikbare inligting rondom veral die leierskapdata in vergelyking met internasionale navorsing, het die studie ‘n beduidende verband tussen leierskapstyl en outonomie binne spanverband uitgewys.

D r . A. S iz oo , Christenen in die Antieke Wereld, JH Kok, Kampen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Aan die hand van 'n aantal sketse wat deeglik gefundeer is in die oud-christelike bronnemateriaal, bied hierdie bekende skrywer 'n blik in die alledaagse lewe van die vroeë Christendom. Hoewel populêr geskrywe en maklik verstaanbaar vir die nie-teoloog, is die werk in die gebruik van sy bronne en sy gevolgtrekkinge ...

Die verband tussen die sielkundige kontrak en organisasieverbondenheid

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K. J. Stanz

1999-06-01

Full Text Available The relationship between the psychological contract and organisational commitment. The aim of this study is to design a measuring instrument with acceptable metric characteristics for the strength of the psychological contract within the South African context, and to determine empirically the relation between the strength of the psychological contract and organisational commitment. The Dhammanungune Model served as foundation for the design of the Strength of the Psychological Contract Questionnaire which consists of two scales namely, a needs expectation scale and a needs fulfilment expectation scale. The items of each scale have been formulated in the manner that ensures that the respondent reacts consecutively to two instructions namely, (a the level of the expectation and (b the importance of the expectation. This questionnaire was administered together with the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire to two population groups within the military environment. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was calculated between the strength of the psychological contract and organisational commitment and the significance of the correlations was evaluated. Opsomming Die doel van die studie is om 'n meetinstrument met aanvaarbare metriese eienskappe vir die sterkte van die sielkundige kontrak vir Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede te ontwerp en om empirics die verband tussen die sterkte van die sielkundige kontrak en organisasieverbondenheid te bepaal. Die sterkte van die sielkundige kontrak vraelys is op grond van die Dhammanungune-model ontwerp en het uit twee skale naamlik, die behoefteverwagting- en vervullingsverwagtingskale bestaan. Items vir eike skaal is sodanig geformuleer dat die respondent agteropeenvolgens op twee instruksies naamlik (a die vlak van die verwagting en (b die belangrikheid van die verwagting moet reageer. Die vraelys is saam met die organisasieverbondenheidsvraelys op twee populasies uit 'n militere omgewing toegepas. Die Pearson

die keuring van kandidate vir teologiese opleiding noodsaak en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

25 Aug 2010 ... s. /T h e o lo g ic a l S tu d ie s http://www.hts.org.za. Original Research. A rtic le #. 8. 2. 8. (page number not for citation purposes). Cooke & Nel. 2. Vol. 66 No. 2 Page 2 of 6. Keuring. Keuring kan beskryf word as die siftingsproses met die oog op goedkeuring van kandidate vir toelating tot die bediening. Die.

DIE ROL VAN DIE TAALWETENSKAP IN DIE ONTWIKKELING VAN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aanslag op die sogenaamde "Intentional Fallacy", heelwat verder. n. Mens sou hier eintlik ook op die invloed van Lacan se toepassing van. De Sacs sure op Freud moet wys, en op Macherey se Theory of Literary. Production. Barthes is naamlik besig om repressie teen te werk, en die teks as produksieproses in stede van ...

Die belangrikste kenmerk van die diereproduksie- bedrywe oor die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

digdhede teen 1980 uit 'n kudde van 30 rnilj.skape ge- produseer moet word. Tweedens sal die faktore ... die Republiek van Suid-Mrika teen 1980 in totaal 28 milj. sal wees. Indien die produsente dit as 'n ..... Appendix Table 4 in Digestive Physiology and nutrition of ruminants Vol. 3 Ed. and Publ. D.C. Church, Oregon State ...

Die brein soos beskou deur die Grieke en Romeine

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Francois P. Retief

2015-02-01

Full Text Available In Ou Egipte is mummifikasie met uitgebreide reseksie of uitsnyding van organe geassosieer, maar geen kennis is geneem van die morfologie van die brein nie. Griekse skrywers van die sesde en vyfde eeue v.C. het die brein aanvanklik gesien as die setel van intelligensie, die orgaan van sensoriese waarneming en gedeeltelik die oorsprong van sperma. Pneuma het ’n belangrike rol in breinfunksie gespeel. Hippokrates was die eerste om die brein te beskryf as ’n dubbele orgaan, wat met harsingvlies (meninges bedek, funksioneel van pneuma afhanklik en vertolker van begrip is. Tydgenote soos Plato, Aristoteles en Diokles het tot die beskrywing bygedra, maar laasgenoemde twee het beweer dat die hart die middelpunt van intelligensie is en nie die brein nie. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die vierde eeu v.C. is disseksie van die menslike liggaam tydelik aan die mediese skool van Alexandrië toegelaat en het dit tot merkwaardige vooruitgang in die begrip van die menslike anatomie en fisiologie gelei. Herofilus en Erasistratus het uitstekende beskrywings van die struktuur en funksie van die brein gegee wat eers in die tweede eeu n.C. deur Galenus geëwenaar is.

Die Britse owerheid en die onderwys op Heidelberg gedurende die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The establishment of Christian National Education (CNE) Schools stimulated the concept of mother tongue education. Oor die klaskamerpraktyk en die werklike gehalte van onderrig tydens die kampskooltydperk is daar min bekend. Heidelberg wat na 1902 in 'n belangrike onderwyssentrum in Transvaal ontwikkel het, het ...

Hot Embossing of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Micropart Using Stacked Silicon Dies

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Zhijing Zhu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We demonstrated hot embossing of Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 bulk metallic glass micropart using stacked silicon dies. Finite element simulation was carried out, suggesting that it could reduce the stress below 400 MPa in the silicon dies and enhance the durability of the brittle silicon dies when using varying load mode (100 N for 60 s and then 400 N for 60 s compared with using constant load mode (200 N for 120 s. A micropart with good appearance was fabricated under the varying load, and no silicon die failure was observed, in agreement with the simulation. The amorphous state of the micropart was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction, and the nanohardness and Young’s modulus were validated close to those of the as-cast BMG rods by nanoindentation tests. The results proved that it was feasible to adopt the varying load mode to fabricate three-dimensional Zr-based bulk metallic glass microparts by hot embossing process.

Sedimentêre omgewings van die Inhaca-eilandstelsel met spesiale verwysing na die petrografiese en geochemiese eienskappe van die sedimente spesiale verwysing na die petrografiese en geochemiese eienskappe van die sedimente

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Marieke Peché

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Die Inhaca-eilandstelsel is geleë langs die suidooskus van Mosambiek. Die oostekant van die stelsel grens aan die Indiese Oseaan en die westekant aan die Baai van Maputo. Hierdie eilandstelsel bestaan uit Inhaca- en Portugese eiland, asook ’n groep sandbanke wat van die noordlike punt van Inhaca na Portugese eiland strek. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskillende moderne en oer-sedimentêre omgewings op die eilandstelsel te identifiseer en te beskryf, die invloed van getye en golfaksie op die moderne sedimentêre omgewing vas te stel en die geochemiese en petrografiese samestelling van die geologiese eenhede te bepaal.

Die singulation method and package formed thereby

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Robert C [Tucson, AZ; Shul, Randy J [Albuquerque, NM; Clews, Peggy J [Tijeras, NM; Baker, Michael S [Albuquerque, NM; De Boer, Maarten P [Albuquerque, NM

2012-08-07

A method is disclosed for singulating die from a substrate having a sacrificial layer and one or more device layers, with a retainer being formed in the device layer(s) and anchored to the substrate. Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) etching of a trench through the substrate from the bottom side defines a shape for each die. A handle wafer is then attached to the bottom side of the substrate, and the sacrificial layer is etched to singulate the die and to form a frame from the retainer and the substrate. The frame and handle wafer, which retain the singulated die in place, can be attached together with a clamp or a clip and to form a package for the singulated die. One or more stops can be formed from the device layer(s) to limit a sliding motion of the singulated die.

Die Ware Buch und die Philologie

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Bernhard Hurch

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Die im 19. Jahrhundert sich verändernden Produktionsbedingungen für Druckwerke (Buchdruck, Satz, Papier, Bindung wirkten katalysierend auf die Fachkonstitution und Institutionalisierung der Philologien. Hier steht der tatsächliche Buchmarkt im Vordergrund der Darstellung, das Käuferpublikum und die Voraussetzungen des Vertriebs. Dazu gehören auch die Rezension als entstehende Textsorte und die rasch arbeitenden Rezensionsorgane. F.-R. Hausmann wurde in den letzten Jahren unentbehrlicher Mitarbeiter dieses im Rahmen des Grazer Schuchardt-Projekts "Netzwerk des Wissens" angesiedelten Ansatzes.

Die tug oor ampsdraers tydens die doleansie van 1886

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J. Visser

1986-06-01

Full Text Available In art 29 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis word bely: “Die merktekens om die ware Kerk te ken is die volgende: As die Kerk die suiwere prediking van die evangelie uitoefen, as dit die suiwer bediening van die sakramente gebruik soos Christus dit ingestel het, as die kerklike tug gebruik word om die sondes te straf.” Dit spreek vanself dat wanneer ampsdraers, aan wie Christus sy kudde toevertrou het (Hand 20 : 28, met leer en /of lewenswandel in sonde volhard en nie daarin met tug gestuit word nie, word die ware kerk nie gebou nie maar afgebreek. 0ns sal later in hierdie artikel aantoon hoedanig die suiwer tug oor ampsdraers, veral leertug, tydens die Doleansie tot skade van die kerk van Christus agterweë gebly het.

Markus 16:1-8 in die konteks van 'n konstniksie van die Markaanse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Aangesien ons in die geval van Markus nie oor 'n voorhande bron ter ... geringgeskat word wanneer ons ons die Markaanse gemeentekonteks probeer voorstel nie. Linnemann suggests ... that there must be some control exercised over ..... ëaxai náuxa)v ëaxaxoq Kai návxioi' 8i0kovo(; (Mark 9: 35), dit wil sê as mens.

Die transvaalse ontwerp-ordonnansie oor die onderwys

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J. C. Coetzee

1952-03-01

Full Text Available In ’n Buitengewone Provinsiale Koerant van die Provinsie Transvaal is onder datum 25 Junie 1952 gepubliseer ’n „Ontwerp-Ordonnansie tot samevatting en wysiging van die Wette betreffende die Sentrale Beheer van die Onderwys, die Plaaslike Beheer van Skole, Godsdiensonderrig in Openbare Skole, Taal en die Onderwys, Onderwyspersoneel, Verpligte Onderwys, Toelating van Leerlinge tot Skole, Klasse of Inrigtings, Openbare Onderwys, Private Skole, Onderwys vir Kleurlinge en Asiate en Onderwys vir Naturelle, en om vir sake in verband daarmee voorsiening te maak” .

Neurokognitiewe integrasie en die leerproses

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Du Preez, Johan J.

1991-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article, "Neuro-cognitive integration and the learning process'; is to find principles and strategies for the development of brain potential and the optimal integration of subject matter. Eight neuro-cognitive systems are identified and their importance to the integration of subject matter is emphasized. These systems are cortical energy, coding, planning and controlling, as well as the verbal sequential, non-verbal holistic, physical-motor, social effective and the subconscious. The relevant principles and strategies can serve as basis for mainstream and special education, guidance as well as psychotherapy. Die doe! met hierdie artikel is om beginsels en strategiee te vind om breinpotensiaal te ontsluit en leerstof optimaal te integreer. Aan die hand van 'n neurokognitiewe model word 'n aantal beginsels en strategiee bespreek en die verband met die leerproses word aangetoon. Agt neurokognitiewe sisteme is gei'dentifiseer en die belangrike rot wat dit speel ten opsigte van die integrasie van leerstof word beklemtoon. Genoemde sisteme sluit die volgende in: kortikale energie, kodering, beplanning en kontrolering, asook die verbaal-sekwensiele, nieverbaal-holistiese, fisiek-motoriese, sosio-affektiewe en die subbewuste. Genoemde beginsels en strategiee kan oak dien as grondslag vir hoofstroomonderwys, spesialiseringsonderwys, voorligting sowel as psigoterapie.

Dying to remember, remembering to survive: mortality salience and survival processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, Daniel J; Hart, Joshua; Kramer, Melanie E; Burns, Amy D

2014-01-01

Processing items for their relevance to survival improves recall for those items relative to numerous other deep processing encoding techniques. Perhaps related, placing individuals in a mortality salient state has also been shown to enhance retention of items encoded after the morality salience manipulation (e.g., in a pleasantness rating task), a phenomenon we dubbed the "dying-to-remember" (DTR) effect. The experiments reported here further explored the effect and tested the possibility that the DTR effect is related to survival processing. Experiment 1 replicated the effect using different encoding tasks, demonstrating that the effect is not dependent on the pleasantness task. In Experiment 2 the DTR effect was associated with increases in item-specific processing, not relational processing, according to several indices. Experiment 3 replicated the main results of Experiment 2, and tested the effects of mortality salience and survival processing within the same experiment. The DTR effect and its associated difference in item-specific processing were completely eliminated when the encoding task required survival processing. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the mechanisms responsible for survival processing and DTR effects are overlapping.

Thomas Erastus oor die struktuur van die gemeenskap'^

African Journals Online (AJOL)

óók aansprake en regte het, is die opvatting dat sowel die burgerlike gemeenskap as die kerk 'n perfecta societas sibi sufficiens is, nié werklik aanvaar nie. Die Middeleeuse gemeenskap was die corpus christianum,. 'n gemeenskap wat nie deur fisiese of politieke grense beperk was nie. Sy grense het gelê waar die grense ...

Die vestiging van die Kerk in Natal, die Vrystaat en Transvaal na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

as eerste predikant van die Voortrekkers laat orden en bevestig. Daama het verskeie kerksake van tyd tot tyd aandag geniet. Met betrekking tot die bevestiging van huwelike stel Retief 'n meer ordelike reëling daar, naamlik dat die gebooie van voomemende egpa- re van nou af drie maal in die kerk afgekondig moes wrord ...

Die historiese betroubaarheid van die aartsvadervertellinge. 'n Beknopte bespreking van die huidige debat na aanleiding van die jongste publikasie

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W. Vosloo

1982-08-01

Full Text Available Die afgelope twintig jaar was daar �n toenemende belangstelling in die aartsvadervertellinge in Genesis. Benewens die talle tydskrifartikels het skrywers soos die volgende ook boeke oor die onderwerp die lig laat sien: A. Parrot (1962, W. M. Clark (1964, R. Kilian (1966, R. E. Clements (1967, N. Lohfink (1967, H. Weidemann (1968, R. Martin-Achard (1969, T. L. Thompson (1974, J. van Seters (1975, J. P. Fokkelman (1975, C. Westermann (1976, R. Rendtorff (1977, J. Bright (1977, W. McKane (1979 en A. R. Millard en D. J. Wiseman (1980.

Prediking aan die hand van die metafoor van fiksieskryf

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

HTS 64(3) 2008 siening van die self en waarheid. In die pre-moderne paradigma kan die dominante metafoor verstaan word aan die hand van 'n spieël wat die lig uit 'n transendente oorsprong weerkaats, terwyl die moderne paradigma uitgedruk word met die metafoor van 'n lamp wat 'n eie, oorspronklike lig binne die self.

Kierkegaard se, drei grossen ideen” en die ini- siasie van henry van eeden (sewe dae b y die silbersteins

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L. S. Venter

1977-03-01

Full Text Available Die doel van Henry se verblyf by die Silbersteins word vroeg in Sewe dae verwoord as Jock tydens die eerste aandbyeenkoms sê dat Henry „van sekere gevestigde idees” (p. 16 ontslae moet raak. Ook mrs. Silberstein beskou dit as noodsaaklik dat sy on­ skuld vemietig moet word (p. 22. Op die oggendwandeling van die tweede dag herhaal Jock sy stelling van die vorige aand en voeg daaraan toe dat daar baie dinge is wat Henry ,,sal moet leer en verleer” (p. 28. Vir die modeme mens, wat „van die vrug van kennis geëet” het, is daar „geen illussies meer nie” (p. 32.

Ontsporing van die regstaatsbegrip en sy konsekwensies vir die afrikanervolk

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N. G.S. Van der Walt

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Die opvatting van die suiwere regstaat bring sy vraagstukke mee wanneer dit in verband gebring word met die leer van die soewereiniteit in eie kring. Laasgenoemde leer wortel in die geloof dat God die mens roep tot diens aan Hom, en dat die mens vry moet wees om ten opsigte van alle lewensaspekte God na die hoogste mate te kan dien. Hierdie verskeidenheid van aspekte is deur dr. A. Kuyper en sy volgelinge gesistemati- seer tot menslike verbande en lewenskringe, elk met ’n be- paalde sfeer waarin ander kringe nie mag inmeng nie. Elkeen is dan soewerein binne sy eie kring. Met verwysing na die staat is dan gespreek van die staatstaak as synde die hand- hawing van die reg, en omdat die staat in toenemende mate hom veral in die latere tyd ook besig gehou het met bedrywig- hede wat nouliks as van juridiese aard beskou kan word, is daar die onderskeid gemaak tussen die primêre en sekundêre taak van die staat. Die sistematiek van die wetsidee, deur prof. Dooyeweerd ontwikkel, waar die staat sy bestemmingsfunksie in die regsaspek vind, het vanselfsprekend geen plek vir so 'n dualistiese staatstaak nie, en die oplossing is deur sommige daarin gesoek om sulke staatsoptrede te vertolk as hebbende wel betrekking op die regsgemeenskap of die regsverkeer. Staatsondernemings soos paaie, spoorweë, spellingreëling, ens. word dan beskou as noodsaaklik vir die instandhouding van die regsgemeenskap en regsverkeer. Tereg wys A. M. Donner1 daarop dat so ’n vertolking eintlik neerkom op ’n oorspanning van die regsbegrip. Hy self sien dan die staatstaak in vrede- of orde-handhawing, wat in die eerste plaas wel regshandha- wing veronderstel. Onder orde word dan alles verstaan wat noodsaaklik is vir die gladde verkeer in die ontwikkelingsgang van die regsgemeenskap. Die wese van die staat het dan vol- gens hom te doen met reg, maar sy taak is meer as suiwere regshandhawing. Wat onrus verwek en die orde versteur, moet uit die openbare lewe verwyder word, en die

Die invloed van grootgroeponderrig op die selfgereguleerde leer van tersiêre wiskundeleerders

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Annalie

2013-04-01

Full Text Available elfregulering is belangrik in die ontwikkeling van lewenslange leerders, veral by voordiensonderwysers wat op hul beurt modelleerders van selfregulering in hul eie klaskamers gaan wees. Onderrig op tersiêre vlak word grootliks gekenmerk deur tradisionele onderrigmetodes vanweë die groot groepe leerders betrokke. In hierdie studie is vasgestel of ’n bepaalde grootgroeponderrigstrategie ’n invloed het op lede van groot klasgroepe se selfregulering, al dan nie. ’n Kwantitatiewe voortoets-natoets-ontwerp is gebruik waarin die studiegewoontesveld van die Studie-Oriëntasievraelys in Wiskunde aan die begin en einde van die semester ingesluit is. In ’n tweede vraelys het leerders hul belewenis van die grootgroeponderrigstrategie volgens ’n vyfpunt-Likertskaal beoordeel en ’n oopeindevraag voltooi wat ingesluit is om moontlike addisionele verklarings te bied vir die resultate wat verkry is uit die geslote vrae van die vraelys oor grootgroeponderrig. Beskrywende statistiek is gebruik om die data te interpreteer. Uit die resultate blyk dit dat daar nie ’n verbetering in leerders se selfregulering was nie. By ontleding van die oopeindevraag het dit aan die lig gekom dat verskeie aspekte van selfregulering by leerders ontbreek, soos tydsbestuur en goeie studiegewoontes, asook die bereidwilligheid om meer as net die voorgeskrewe probleme te doen.The influence of a large group teaching strategy on the self-regulated learning of tertiary mathematics learners. Self-regulation is important in developing lifelong learners, especially in the case of pre-service teachers who will soon be models of self-regulation in their own classrooms. In many instances, teaching at tertiary level is characterised by traditional teaching methods in large classes. In this study a particular large group instructional strategy was examined to determine whether it had an influence on learners’ self-regulation. A quantitative pre-test post-test design was used which

Die Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien oder die "Modernisierung der ärztlichen Karrieren" [Modernising Medical Careers

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du Moulin, Marcel

2007-05-01

Full Text Available [english] This paper analyses the reform of postgraduate medical education introduced in the United Kingdom in 2003 under the heading "Modernising Medical Careers“. This nationally standardised and structured postgraduate medical training was started in 2005. The analysis includes the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate education, the new responsibilities in postgraduate education, the application process and the mode of distribution of the positions and the relationship of posts with and without postgraduate training opportunities. Possible consequences for postgraduate training and for the trainees are discussed. [german] Die Arbeit beschreibt und analysiert die Reform der Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien, die 2003 unter dem Titel "Modernising Medical Careers“ eingeführt wurde und seit 2005 umgesetzt wird. Vorgestellt werden der Übergang von der Ausbildung zur Weiterbildung, die neuen Zuständigkeiten für die Weiterbildung, das Auswahlverfahren und der Verteilungsmodus der Weiterbildungsstellen sowie das Verhältnis von Stellen mit und ohne Facharztperspektive. Die potenziellen Folgen für die Facharztweiterbildung und für die Weitergebildeten werden diskutiert.

DIE ONTVC'ERP VAN 'N SENDINGBELEID IN DIE HUIDIGE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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DIE ONTVC'ERP VAN 'N SENDINGBELEID IN DIE. HUIDIGE SITUASIE. Sending is 'n deel van die vervulling van die apostoliese opdrag van die kerk. Dit geskied op grond van en in gehoorsaamheid aan Gods. \\C'oord. Teologiese besinning is daarom die eerste en grondliggende vereiste by die ontwerp van 'n ...

Die sestienpersoonlikheidsfaktorvraelys as hulpmiddel by die takseersentrum

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J. C. D. Augustyn

1988-05-01

Full Text Available The 16PF Personality Test as an aid to the assessment centre Assessment centres still remains costly and thime consuming. This study investigates the reduction of time and costs by the use of the 16 PF Personality Test as a method for measuring management dimensions. Promising results were obtained with a relatively small sample for the prediction of initiative and perseverance. Significant multiple correlations were also found for three criteria of management success. Further research may establish the use of the 16 PF as an aid to management assessment and thereby reduce the costs and time involved in assessment centres. Opsomming Takseersentrums se grootste probleem is gelee in die koste en tyd wat dit behels. Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikheid om beide te verminder deur die aanwending van die 16 PF Persoonlikheidsvraelys vir die meting van bestuursdimensies. Belowende resultate is met 'n relatiewe klein steekproef bevind ten opsigte van die voorspelling van inisiatiefen deursettingsvermoe. Beduidende meervoudige korrelasies is ook ten opsigte van drie kriteria van bestuursukses bevind. Verdere navorsing kan die gebruik van die 16 PF as hulpmiddel by bestuursevaluering vestig en sodoende die tydsduur en koste van takseersentrums verminder.

S. Afr. Tydskr. Veek. I I , 2BS -286 ( I 98 I ) NAVORSINGSBERIG DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die produksie van lusernhooi het toegeneem vanaf. 448 000 ton in die l95ll52 seisoen tot | 254 000 ton in die 1979180 seisoen (Kortbegrip van l-andboustati- stiek, l98l). Verder is dit insiggewend om daarop te let dat lusemhooi nagenoeg3g/' bydra tot die hoeveelheid proteibne geproduseer uit die proteibnryke voersoorte ...

Optimization of die filling in high pressure die cast part using MAGMAsoft®

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kotas, Petr; Hattel, Jesper Henri

2008-01-01

Integrated modeling of an entire casting process has become a tool which favors design and optimization of manufactured parts. The aim of this project was to examine and optimize a high-pressure die cast part and its production process with respect to die filling and issues of residual stresses...... in the process and machine parameters were done and assessed. All simulations revealed that, the main causes of the problems were: a poor geometry of the casting leading to an improper filling pattern, and a massive gating system bringing thermal imbalance into the solidification process. Thus deformations due...... to residual stresses occurred. The numerical results were evaluated and appeared to be in agreement with the results from the actual manufacturing process. Based on these findings, proposals for improvements were given. In order to avoid distortions and cold shuts further geometrical adjustments should...

Simulation of the influence of tar formation in wood gasification processes on the cost of the purified process gas; Simulation des Einflusses der Teerbildung bei der Vergasung von Holz auf die Kosten des gereinigten Produktgases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saller, G; Krumm, W [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Inst. fuer Energietechnik

1998-09-01

The influence of the gasification process and the related tar formation rate on the cost of gas production is investigated with the aid of process models. The processes of gasification, gas purification and adsorptive treatment of waste water were modelled mathematically with a view to process mechanisms and cost. Simulations of the overall process helped to obtain a quantitative assessment of the cost of product gas as a function of process parameters like gasification process and tar formation. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Mit Hilfe von Prozessmodellen wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss das Vergasungsverfahren und die damit verbundene Teerbildung mit entsprechenden Reinigungsverfahren auf die Produktionskosten des gereinigten Produktgases besitzt. Hierfuer werden die Prozesse der Vergasung, Gasreinigung und adsorptiven Abwasseraufbereitung hinsichtlich verfahrenstechnischer Zusammenhaenge und Kosten mathematisch modelliert. Durch Simulation des Gesamtprozesses werden quantitativ die Kosten des Produktgases in Abhaengigkeit von Prozessparametern wie Vergasungsverfahren und Teerbildung ermittelt. (orig./SR)

die korrelasie tussen die gemiddelde daaglikse toename van ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

'n Regressielyn is uit die gegewens bereken deur 'n beswaarde regressieanaliese en die 80 persent-voorspellings- bande is bepaal. Die punte wat ver buite die normale ver- spreidingsband geval hetkon almal met goeie rede as abnor- maal beskou word (sien tabel 1) en is nie ingesluit by die statistiese berekenings nie.

enkele fasette van die problematiek van die akademikus by die skryf

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Om verskeie redes het dit van die allergrootste belong geword dot 'n his- tories korrekte, wetenskaplike weerga- we van bogenoemde gebeure opge- teken moet word. Die sluier, in sommige gevalle am logiese redes toegepas, moes eenvoudig gelig word am gebeure wat die gewone man op stroot in Suid-Afrika dikwels ...

Die huwelik as identiteitsmerker in die Ou Testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

Gen 2:18). Uit die woorde van Genesis 2:24 dat man en vrou een sal wees, lei die derde formulier af dat dit “getuig dat die huwelik 'n allesinsluitende gemeenskap is ..... die formule gebruik word: “Hier volg die vertelling oor X se nageslag.” (Gen ..... verwys daarna as “intertwining the principal value concepts of tradition”.

amp' van die ouderling in die Nuwe Testament

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Jesus self het geen kerk gestig nie en daarom, veral omdat die Jesus-beweging inter mums ten opsigte van die Joodse godsdiens van sy tyd tot stand gekom het, het ...... Die klem val dus nie op die npoTCTT0fievo<; se rang of outoriteit nie, maar op sy pastorale funksie in die huishouding of huisgemeente (kyk Reicke.

Multi-field coupling finite element analysis for determining the influence of temperature field on die service life during precision-forming process of steel synchronizer ring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, Jun; Luo, Shan-Ming; Li, Feng-Qiang; Xu, Chen-Bing

2017-01-01

Failure analysis shows that increased die temperature caused by severe plastic deformation of material and heat conduction between hot billet and cavity significantly affects the distortion of gear cavity in steel synchronizer ring forging process. The forging process of steel synchronizer ring and die temperature distribution under different forging conditions are analyzed through finite element method. Simulation results show that severe plastic deformation occurs in the gear cavity. The improvement of lubrication condition results in decreased die temperature. When the initial billet temperature is high, the die temperature is also high. Increasing forging speed in a certain range facilitates the die temperature decrease. The distribution of die temperature in synthetic forming technology is more reasonable than that of one step forging. The synthetic forming technology is adopted in production to reduce the effects of severe plastic deformation caused by die temperature. The ejection mechanism and control system of the double disc friction press are improved to reduce the contact time between the hot billet and cavity. Experimental results show that synthetic forming technology is reasonable, and that the die service life is prolonged.

Multi-field coupling finite element analysis for determining the influence of temperature field on die service life during precision-forming process of steel synchronizer ring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Jun; Luo, Shan-Ming; Li, Feng-Qiang; Xu, Chen-Bing [Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen (China)

2017-07-15

Failure analysis shows that increased die temperature caused by severe plastic deformation of material and heat conduction between hot billet and cavity significantly affects the distortion of gear cavity in steel synchronizer ring forging process. The forging process of steel synchronizer ring and die temperature distribution under different forging conditions are analyzed through finite element method. Simulation results show that severe plastic deformation occurs in the gear cavity. The improvement of lubrication condition results in decreased die temperature. When the initial billet temperature is high, the die temperature is also high. Increasing forging speed in a certain range facilitates the die temperature decrease. The distribution of die temperature in synthetic forming technology is more reasonable than that of one step forging. The synthetic forming technology is adopted in production to reduce the effects of severe plastic deformation caused by die temperature. The ejection mechanism and control system of the double disc friction press are improved to reduce the contact time between the hot billet and cavity. Experimental results show that synthetic forming technology is reasonable, and that the die service life is prolonged.

Enkele opmerkings oor die intrinsieke waarde van die Latynse teks van Kodeks Bezae as herstelbron vir die Griekse teks van die Nuwe Testament

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G. J.C. Jordaan

1985-05-01

Full Text Available Een van die belangrikste oud-Latynse vertalings word gevind in Kodeks Bezae, ’n vyfde-eeuse manuskrip van die vier Evangelies. Kodeks Bezae bevat ’n Griekse teks (D en ’n Latynse teks (d van die Evangelies langs mekaar, die Latynse teks in ’n lettertipe wat baie aan die Griekse majuskelskrif herinner. Wat hierdie dokument so merkwaardig maak, is die feit dat dit die enigste manuskrip is wat ’n Griekse Evangelie-teks uit die Westerse teksfamilie bevat.

n Oorsig van die huidige stand van navorsing oor die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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7 Jun 2011 ... Die eerste maal wat dit as deel van die teks van 1 Johannes aangehaal word, is in die. 4de eeu in 'n Latynse teks, Liber Apologeticus (hf 4). Eers aan die einde van die 16de eeu is dit in 'n amptelike Katolieke uitgawe van die Vulgaat ingesluit. Die doel van die Johannesbriewe. Waarom is die Briewe ...

Die dogmatiese binding van die prediking

African Journals Online (AJOL)

genoemde probleemstelling wat ons homileties na riglyne wil soek, sonder die pretensie dat finale oplossings gevind sal word. Om hierdie probleem te ontleed is dit nodig om eers kortliks 'n begripsbepaling van die begrippe dogma, binding en prediking te maak. Vanuit die begripsbepaling kan ons dan probeer vasstel wat ...

Die topkwark

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R. Tegen

1998-07-01

Full Text Available ’n Oorsig van die belangrikheid van die onlangs ontdekte topkwark by Fermilab in Chicago word gegee. Daar word aangetnon dat die topkwark belangrik is in fisika van die Oerknal, oftewel "Big Bang", en in die Standaard Model van Elementêredeeltjie-fisika. Toepaslike literatuur vir verdere studie kan van die lys van verwysings in hierdie kort, nietegniese artikel, nagegaan word.

oor die inhoud en boodskap van die heidelbergse kategismus

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Smit. Oor die Inhoud en Boodskap van die Heidelbergse Kategismus. 52. Uiteraard sal dié tema saamhang met die bedoelinge agter die opstel van die Kategismus. Ook die vraag na moontlike bedoelinge of motiewe is egter 'n ingewikkelder vraag as wat miskien gedink mag word. Uiteraard was daar agter elke kategismus ...

Die vangnet van die woord: forensies-linguistiese getuienis in 'n ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Een van die redes daarvoor is waarskynlik die gepaardgaande sleurwerk verbonde aan die verwerking van die betrokke taaldata — iets wat egter deur die onlangse meteoriese vooruitgang in tegnologiese tegnieke op die agtergrond geskuif is en nuwe moontlikhede na vore laat kom het. In die lig van die kompleksiteit van ...

“Jedes Herz… ”: The Role of Terror in Hans Weingartner’s Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei (The Edukators

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R. Eric Johnson

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Hans Weingartner’s Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei, also known by its American title The Edukators, explores the relationship of a young anti-capitalist activist, Jan, with his own friends, the bourgeousie he opposes, and himself. Jan and his friends engage in some relatively benign but disruptive “terrorist” acts. Though the film cannot be said to belong to the horror genre, Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei nonetheless employs horror elements and tropes to expose the intrinsically subjective definition of terrorism, and to explore terrorism’s relationship with the “other.”

Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece

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Adrian José Benitez Lozano

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Over time the process of incremental deformation Die-less has been developed in many ways to meet the needs of flexible production with no investment in tooling and low production costs. Two of their configurations are the SPIF (Single point incremental forming and DPIF (Double point Incremental forming technique. The aim of this study is to compare both techniques with the purpose of exposing their advantages and disadvantages in the production of industrial parts, as well as to inform about Die-less as an alternative manufacturing process. Experiments with the exhaust pipe cover of a vehicle are performed, the main process parameters are described, and formed workpieces without evidence of defects are achieved. Significant differences between the two techniques in terms of production times and accuracy to the original model are also detected. Finally, it is suggested when is more convenient to use each of these.

Die Voortrekker-Monument

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Gerard Moerdyk

1938-03-01

Full Text Available Die Eeufeesjaar is vir die Afrikaner ’n tydperk van besieling. Nog nooit sedert die ontstaan van ons volk het een enkele gebeurtenis soveel nasietrots gewek as die honderdjarige herdenking van die Groot Trek. Vir die eerste keer in ons geskiedenis voel ons ons nie meer Kapenaars, Vrystaters, Natalers, en Transvalers nie, maar Afrikaners, saamgesnoer deur die tradisies van ’n selfstandige kultuurvolk. Wanneer die klimaks van die Ossewatrek met die hocksteenlegging van die Voortrekker-Monument bereik word, sal die besieling nie uitsterf nie, die krag wat geskep is sal bly voortgroei tot ’n onweerstaanbare mag. Die Afrikaner sal homself vind, en as die Monument na sowat vyf jaar onthul word, sal die saad wat in hierdie jaar gesaai is, tot voile rypheid gekom het. Dan sal die Monument self tot die volk spreek; intussen egter, is dit wenslik, nee noodsaaklik selfs, om die Monument aan die Afrikaners te verklaar, om ‘n uiteensetting te gee van die noodsaaklikheid van so ’n Monument, sowel as om die motief te verduidelik wat as inspirasie gedien het vir die ontwerpdaar van.

MRI-based diagnostic imaging of the intratemporal facial nerve; Die kernspintomographische Darstellung des intratemporalen N. facialis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kress, B.; Baehren, W. [Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm (Germany). Abt. fuer Radiologie

2001-07-01

Detailed imaging of the five sections of the full intratemporal course of the facial nerve can be achieved by MRI and using thin tomographic section techniques and surface coils. Contrast media are required for tomographic imaging of pathological processes. Established methods are available for diagnostic evaluation of cerebellopontine angle tumors and chronic Bell's palsy, as well as hemifacial spasms. A method still under discussion is MRI for diagnostic evaluation of Bell's palsy in the presence of fractures of the petrous bone, when blood volumes in the petrous bone make evaluation even more difficult. MRI-based diagnostic evaluation of the idiopatic facial paralysis currently is subject to change. Its usual application cannot be recommended for routine evaluation at present. However, a quantitative analysis of contrast medium uptake of the nerve may be an approach to improve the prognostic value of MRI in acute phases of Bell's palsy. (orig./CB) [German] Die detaillierte kernspintomographische Darstellung des aus 5 Abschnitten bestehenden intratemporalen Verlaufes des N. facialis gelingt mit der MRI unter Einsatz von Duennschichttechniken und Oberflaechenspulen. Zur Darstellung von pathologischen Vorgaengen ist die Gabe von Kontrastmittel notwendig. Die Untersuchung in der Diagnostik von Kleinhirnbrueckenwinkeltumoren und der chronischen Facialisparese ist etabliert, ebenso wie die Diagnostik des Hemispasmus facialis. In der Diskussion ist die MRI zur Dokumentation der Facialisparese bei Felsenbeinfrakturen, wobei die Einblutungen im Felsenbein die Beurteilung erschweren. Die kernspintomographische Diagnostik der idiopathischen Facialisparese befindet sich im Wandel. In der herkoemmlichen Form wird sie nicht zur Routinediagnostik empfohlen. Die quantitative Analyse der Kontrastmittelaufnahme im Nerv koennte jedoch die prognostische Bedeutung der MRI in der Akutphase der Bell's palsy erhoehen. (orig.)

e .Kuraioriufn. DIE W ETENSKAPLIKE BETEKENIS VAN DIE W ERK

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ENGELBRECHT ver antwoordelik vir die Ou-Testamentiese vakke en Hebreeus. Die aan stelling van 'n derde professor het noodsaaklik geword, want dit sou. 85 .... De .Spreuken ran 5a/o?no omvat die nuwe vertaling en die ekse gese van die eerste 24 hoofstukke van die Spreukeboek. Die geskoold- heid in die Semitiese ...

Die persepsies en houdings van gelowige jonggetroude egpare oor seksuele intimiteit in die huwelik

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Rinee Pretorius

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel is gebaseer op empiriese navorsing om die persepsies en houdings van gelowige, jonggetroude egpare oor seksuele intimiteit in die huwelik na te vors. Daar is gefokus op hoe die egpare die verhouding sien waarbinne seksuele intimiteit geniet en beleef mag word; wat na hulle mening die man en vrou se plig is rakende die seksuele; wat hulle persepsies is oor die vryheid wat seksuele intimiteit binne die huwelik bied, en wat eksklusiwiteit ten opsigte van seksuele intimiteit binne die huwelik vir elkeen van hulle beteken. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik en sewe gelowige egpare wat minder as twee jaar getroud was (N = 11, het aan die navorsing deelgeneem. Die navorsingsdata is uit ’n kort vraelys verkry en deur semigestruktureerde onderhoude wat met sommige van die deelnemers gevoer is. ’n Ryke oes van data is verkry en ’n hele aantal temas is identifiseer. Hierdie temas sluit goed aan by die basisteoretiese en metateoretiese perspektiewe wat as onderbou vir hierdie navorsing gedien het. The perceptions and attitudes of religious newlywedded couples regarding sexual intimacy in the marriage. This article is based on empirical research done to explore the perceptions and attitudes of religious newlywedded couples regarding sexual intimacy in the marriage. The research focused on how the couples regard a relationship in which sexual intimacy can be enjoyed and experienced; what, in their opinion, the husband and the wife’s responsibilities are towards each other regarding sex; what their perceptions are about the freedom that sexual intimacy offers in marriage, and what marital exclusivity regarding sexual intimacy means to each of the participants. A qualitative research design was used and seven religious couples that were married less than two years (N = 11 participated in this research. The research data was obtained by using a short questionnaire and semi-structured interviews which were conducted with some

The restructuring process of the Colombian electricity market; Die Umstrukturierung des kolumbianischen Elektrizitaetsmarktes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez Aleman, Y.O. [Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Santa Fe de Bogota (Colombia). Fakultaet fuer Ingenieurwesen

1999-06-14

Colombia is one of the countries where a restructuring process of the electricity industry has taken place in the recent years. The reforms introduced since the beginning of the present decade, have resulted in deep changes into this sector. Such a process seeks to create a competitive sector to manage the profound crisis that has pervaded the electricity supply in Colombia since the 80`s. The adopted model contains several of the elements needed to achieve economic efficiency: Unbundling, competition on generation and on the retail market, open access to electricity networks and regulatory mechanisms in whose activities where a natural monopoly takes place. The aim of this article is to show the Colombian experience in implementing and managing structural changes in the electricity market. (orig.) [Deutsch] Kolumbien ist eines der Laender, in denen in den letzten Jahren eine Umstrukturierung der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft stattgefunden hat. Der Umstrukturierungsprozess zielt darauf ab, eine wettbewerbsfaehigere Elektrizitaetswirtschaft in Kolumbien zu schaffen, um der schweren Krise, in der dieser Wirtschaftszweig seit den achtizger Jahren gesteckt hat, entgegenzuwirken. Das ausgewaehlte Model enthaelt fast alle wichtigen Elemente in bezug auf eine hoehere Effizienz in der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Erfahrungen in Kolumbien bei der Implementierung und Organisation eines liberalisierten und wettbewerbsfaehigen Elektrizitaetsmarktes zu zeigen. (orig.)

Research on the Effects of the Movable Die and its Counter Force on Sheet Hydroforming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Li X.; Zhang, Shi H.; Wang, Ben X.

2007-01-01

An improved Sheet Hydro-forming process was proposed, which was investigated in Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. ASAME system and FEM are used to analyze the forming process to explain some results that were found in the experiment. In the simulation, the effect of the movable die on the maximum principal stress is investigated in detail by using the FEM code LS-DYNA. For this case, the movable die changes the distribution of the maximum principal stress. For the sheet hydroforming without the movable die, the principal stress near the shoulder of the movable die arrives to the maximum value when t=0.0033s suddenly. But for the sheet hydroforming with the movable die, the maximum principal stress still lies in the die radius. The principal stress near the shoulder of the movable die is smaller. At the last stage contacting with the die, for the case without the movable die, the maximum principal stress near the shoulder of movable die is larger than that of the sheet hydroforming with the movable die. Moreover, the stress distribution near the shoulder of movable die for the case without the movable die is complicated. It is instable and very easy to occur wrinkling. The movable die delays the maximum thickness strain to the contacting die stage. So the formability of sheet metal can be remarkably improved by adopting the movable die. On a certain extent, the uniform distribution of thickness can be realized by increasing the counterforce of movable die. The minimum thickness reduction moves outside which is very helpful for the uniform thickness distribution. In this paper, two kinds of materials, soft steel and stainless steel, were investigated

EMBODIMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF TIME IN WILLIAM FAULKNER’S "AS I LAY DYING" AND VIRGINIA WOOLF’S "TO THE LIGHTHOUSE"

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Loreta Ulvydienė

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This article applies the theory of cognitive semantics as a framework for interpreting the embodiment of the concept of time in two modernist novels written using the stream-ofconsciousness technique: William Faulkner’s "As I Lay Dying" (1930 and Virginia Woolf’s "To the Lighthouse" (1927. Metaphorical projections of time are investigated as: being based on image schemas, structuring bodily experience, and cross-domain conceptual mappings. The motion of time in accordance with the life events and mental states of the characters is analysed as a reflection of cognitive structures containing the concept of time or referring to it metaphorically. We claim that time in "To the Lighthouse" is conceptualised by elaborating concepts of distance, space and water, while in "As I Lay Dying" time is conceptualised in a bidirectional in–out relation with the human body, as a destructive force and as spatial distance. Moreover, as the space of time proposes a model of a continuum in which a certain space may be active only in a certain moment of time, the important notion of being beyond time is discussed. Ultimately, the conclusion is drawn that the conceptualisation of time as distance, noticed in "To the Lighthouse", is also found in "As I Lay Dying". Both Woolf and Faulkner respond to elusive and obscure modern temporality and succeed in creating links between the past and the present.

Die EG-Kabotageverordnung

OpenAIRE

Basedow, Jürgen

1990-01-01

Die EG-Kabotageverordnung : e. Schritt zur Verwirklichung d. Dienstleistungsfreiheit im Straßengüterverkehr / Jürgen Basedow ; Ansgar Held. - In: Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht. 1. 1990. S. 305-308

Die faktore gemeenskaplik aan die selfondersoekvraelys van Holland en die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys

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C. Swanevelder

1992-06-01

Full Text Available The factors common to the Self Directed Search of Holland (SDS and the new South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII. The new South African Vocational Interest Inventory was locally developed with the purpose to create a single vocational interest inventory for all population groups in the RSA. In this study the common factors underlying the SDS and the SAVII were determined with the aid of interbattery factor analysis. The results indicate that there are six common factors underlying the two instruments for both the standard nine boys and girls, and that these factors agree with the six factors built into the SDS by Holland. Opsomming Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys (SABBV is plaaslik ontwikkel met die doel om 'n enkele beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys vir alle bevolkingsgroepe binne die RSA, daar te stel. In hierdie studie is daar ondersoek ingestel na die gemeenskaplike faktore onderliggend aan die SABBV en die Selfondersoekvraelys (SOV van Holland met behulp van 'n interbatteryfaktorontleding. Daar is bevind dat daar ses gemeenskaplike faktore onderliggend aan die twee instrumente is vir sowel standerd nege seuns as dogters, en dat hierdie faktore ooreenstem met die ses faktore wat deur Holland in die SOV ingebou is.

Water mist effect on cooling range and efficiency of casting die

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R. Władysiak

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This project is showing investigation results of cooling process of casting die in the temperature range 570÷100 °C with 0.40 MPa compressed air and water mist streamed under pressure 0.25÷0.45 MPa in air jet 0.25÷0.50 MPa using open cooling system.The character and the speed of changes of temperature, forming of the temperture’s gradient along parallel layer to cooled surface of die is shawing with thermal and derivative curves. The effect of kind of cooling factor on the temperature and time and distance from cooling nozzle is presented in the paper. A designed device for generating the water mist cooling the die and the view of sprying water stream is shown here. It’s proved that using of the water mist together with the change of heat transfer interface increases intensity of cooling in the zone and makes less the range cooling zone and reduces the porosity of cast microstructure.

P. J. N. Smal, Die Universalisme in die Psalms. Academisch ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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dat die historiese element in Israel se Godsopenbaring en daarmee die insig in sy betekenis te kort gedoen word. Die betekenis van die studie vir die historia revelationis is daardeur gering; as duidelike „tydlose” sistematisering van Outestamentiese gegewens oor die betrokke onder- werpe, soos die laaste hoofstuk, bl.

The effectiveness of single minute exchange of dies for lean changeover process in printing industry

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Indrawati Sri

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The changeover time is a factor that greatly affects the lean production implementation in industry with make to order system. Large product variations and unpredictable quantity of orders will trigger some kind of production wastes if changeover time is done in a longer time. One industry with make to order system is printing industry. In general, to produce several types of products such as books takes quite a long time because of long production changeover process. The general problem faced is the delay in book’s production completion. Based on this problem, changeover time reduction is needed to overcome the delay of book’s production completion using single minute exchanges of dies (SMED method. The SMED method is the method that separates the changeover activity into two, i.e. internal setup and external setup. The research shows that changeover time for printing workstation is 18 minutes 29 seconds, which consists of internal setup activities 14 minutes 37 seconds and external setup 4 minutes 33 seconds. By converting 45% of the internal setup activity into an external setup, then the setup time can be reduced. The initial setup activities performed when machine is stop, now can be done when the machine is running. In addition, a changeover process improvement also done using 5S method in workstation tools area so the internal setup time is reduced 46% becomes 7 minutes 59 seconds. Under these conditions, the printing industry can increase production by 2%.

Die Frage nach Gerechtigkeit.

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Martin Jäggle

2014-07-01

Full Text Available ENGLISH: In the first part six stages in the author’s path of life are described, which have influenced his engagement with justice. The second part gives an insight into his religious educational work, in which the issue of justice was especially significant on the example of ‘religion in the context of migration’ and of the ecumenic initiative ‘lebens.werte.schule’ (school worth living. The vision of the Kingdom of God and the necessity of participation become apparent. DEUTSCH: Im ersten Teil werden sechs Stationen am Lebensweg des Autors beschrieben, die seine Auseinandersetzung mit Gerechtigkeit geprägt haben. Der zweite Teil gibt Einblick in seine religionspädagogische Arbeit, in der die Frage nach Gerechtigkeit besonders bedeutsam war am Beispiel ‚Religion im Kontext Migration‘ und der ökumenischen Initiative ‚lebens.werte.schule‘. Die Vision vom Reich Gottes und die Notwendigkeit von Partizipation werden dabei deutlich.

Geslagsverskille in die ouditiewe ontlokte potensiaal van die brein

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Anita D Stuart

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Gender differences in the auditory evoked potential of the brain. Based on literature indications of an association between temperament characteristics and the evoked potential of the brain, and indications of gender differences in certain temperament traits, the purpose of this study was to ascertain whether evoked responses also differentiated between the genders. A sample of 81 male and 210 female students was randomly selected. Two auditory evoked potential procedures were applied. The results indicated statistically significant differences in evoked potential responses between the genders. The results are interpreted against the background of sensory and neurological sources of the evoked potential responses and linked to the neurophysiological foundations of temperament. Opsomming: Gegrond op aanduidings in die literatuur van ’n assosiasie tussen temperamentskenmerke en die ontlokte potensiaal van die brein, sowel as aanduidings van geslagsverskille in sekere temperamentstrekke, was die doel van die huidige studie om te bepaal of ontloktepotensiaal-response ook tussen die geslagte onderskei. ’n Steekproef van 81 manlike en 210 vroulike studente is ewekansig geselekteer. Twee ouditiewe ontloktepotensiaal- prosedures is toegepas. Die resultate het op statisties beduidende verskille tussen die geslagte gedui. Die bevindinge word teen die agtergrond van die sensoriese en neurologiese oorsprong van ontloktepotensiaal–response geïnterpreteer en verbind aan die neurofisiologiese verankering van temperament.

Die inszenierte Autorin Performing the Author

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Michiko Mae

2008-11-01

Full Text Available chs wird in seinem Aufbau durch die drei Phasen des Selbstfindungsprozesses, genauer der Selbsterfindung der ‚Schriftstellerin Yū Miri‘ in ihren Werken und ihren medialen Selbstinszenierungen strukturiert. Es gelingt Iwata-Weickgenannt sehr überzeugend, das Sichtbarmachen der performativen Konstruiertheit von Identität im Werk und Leben Yūs herauszuarbeiten. Sie zeigt dabei auch, dass das Konzept der Performativität ein sehr geeigneter Bezugsrahmen für die Analyse von Identitätsbildungsprozessen ist.The Japanese-Korean author Yū Miri (born in 1968, still fairly unknown in Germany, belongs to those successful contemporary Japanese authors for whom it is typical to be known and celebrated not only for their texts but also for their excessive media presence. The multimedia staging by the author of her self as the ‘author Yū Miri’ sparks just as much interest in the Japanese public and literary scene as do her literary texts. In her book, published by the Munich-based house Iudicium Verlag, Iwata-Weickgenannt provides not only a comprehensive overview of Yū’s literary works published between the years of 1994 and 2005, but she also thematizes the medial representation of ‘Yū Miri’ in her analyses. In the first section of her book, Iwata-Weickgenannt provides a very good overview of the field out of which Yū’s identity problematic as a Japanese-Korean author arises. The second main section of the book is structured along the three phases of the self-discovery process, or rather the self-creation process, of

die doeltreffendheid van die afrikaanse woordelys en spelreels

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sluiting by die reel vir die verdubbeling van medeklinkers na 'n kort, be- klemtoonde klinker, woorde soos ballet, ballon, terras, terrein, dissipel en dissipline slegs met een konsonant na die eerste vokaal gespel moes word, omdat daardie voorafgaande vokaal onbeklemtoon is. Ook hierdie uit- sondering op die reel word ...

Ontstaan, rol en betekenis van die Afrikaanse koerante

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G. P. Pienaar

1975-05-01

Full Text Available Die koerant soos ons dit vandag ken, het pas 2 000 jaar oud geword, nou wel nie altyd gedruk en met kleurfoto’s versier nie, maar nietemin herkenbaar nuusblad. Ons dank vandag die Romein Cicero vir ons kennis van die heel oudste koerante.

calvyn oor die leiding van die heilige gees in die verklaring van die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mittel alters, bis er zur Ruhe kommt bei den kanonischen Schriften der. Urzeit der christlichen Ära (Barth ... (ego tamen dimoveri non possum ab amore compendii, CO 10, 403). Deur die boodskap van die .... Idem ergo spiritus qui per os prophetarum loquutus est, in corda nostra penetret necesse est, ut persuadeat fideliter ...

Die verband tussen lokus van beheer en die werks prestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf

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E. L. Coetzer

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. These constructs were selected by virtue of the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship between them. The Locus of Control Scale of Schepers (1995 was used for measuring locus of control. Work performance was measured by the commission earned per month by the marketer, the number of policies generated by the marketer, as well as the percentage of lapsed policies. The relevant measurements were obtained in respect of a sample of 149 black marketing personnel. The results indicated a modest but statistically significant relationship between external locus of control and the work performance of black marketers. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die verband tussen lokus van beheer en die werksprestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf te bepaal. Hierdie konstrukte is gekies op grond van die gebrek aan empiriese navorsing rakende die veronderstelde verband tussen genoemde konstrukte. Die Lokus van Beheer-vraelys van Schepers (1995 is in die meting van lokus van beheer gebruik. Werksprestasie is aan die hand van kommissie per maand verdien, aantal polisse gegenereer deur 'n bemarker en die persentasie vervalde polisse, gemeet. Die tersaaklike metinge is verkry ten opsigte van 'n steekproef van 149 swart bemarkers. Die resultate toon 'n klein, dog statisties beduidende verband tussen eksterne lokus van beheer en die werksprestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf.

Die boek Job as bron van intertekste vir ‘Wie weet?' (Die waarheid gelieg, 1984

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E. Botha

1995-05-01

Full Text Available The Book of Job as a source of intertexts for T.T. Cloete’s short story ‘Wie weet?’ (Die waarheid gelieg, 1984 T.T. Cloete’s account of a woman's physical and spiritual agony in the short story “Wie weet?” ffrom Die waarheid gelieg, 1984, read within the South African/Afrikaans cultural context, presents several indicators that the Book of Job is its intertext, the most explicit pointer being the role of the sufferer’s sister-in-law. Intertextuality in Cloete’s oeuvre often takes the form of a creative reworking or rereading of texts (cf Scholtz, 1984; Botha, 1984; Roos, 1986. Roos comments on the caricatural treatment of theme in Cloete’s “Veg om te verloor” (Cloete, 1984, highlighted by the rereading imposed on the reader of Van Melle’s well-known story "Die joiner”, creating distrust in the implicit author of the Cloete text. The argument in this essay is that the explicit engagement of the intertext, as in "Wie weet?”, also serves as an affirmative complement to the negative incompleteness of the rereading. Thus the desperate questioning of "Wie weet?” becomes an integral part of a reading of Cloete’s oeuvre as a hymn to God’s omnipotence and mercy, epitomized in the poem "Van Horn en my” (Jukstaposisie, 1982.

[Significances of the life experience for the long-lived elderly person in the process of death/dying and mourning].

Science.gov (United States)

Menezes, Tânia Maria de Oliva; Lopes, Regina Lúcia Mendonça

2014-08-01

This is a study using the Heideggerian theoretical-phenomenological approach, which sought to understand the significances of the life experience for the long-lived elderly person in the process of death/dying and mourning. It was conducted in 2009 with 16 long-lived senior citizens of both genders who were aged between 80 and 90, members of a community center for the elderly located in a suburban neighborhood of the city of Salvador in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The results showed that the long-lived elderly person experiences the mourning status process when relatives and friends become ill and die. Furthermore, they gave ambiguous reports with respect to the fear of death. With the attributed significances, it was possible to arrive at the unit of significance, namely the authenticity and lack of authenticity of the individual regarding imminent death. The conclusion reached is that long-lived elderly individuals faced with the process of death/dying and mourning is apparent or concealed in accordance with the moment they are experiencing and the opportunities that present themselves, in other words, it is greatly influenced by their past.

Reliability of the wire drawing dies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheikh, A.K.; Khany, S.E.

1993-01-01

A wear based model is proposed for the dies used in wire drawing process. Using this wear model, it is possible to predict life of the die corresponding to a wear limit criterion. Since various quantities in the model are random in nature the resulting die life will also be random quantity characterized by an appropriate distribution. Using a probabilistic characterization of the parameters of the predictive model, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to establish the die life distribution. To asses the sensitivity of life distribution with respect to various contributing variables (parameters), the simulation runs were conducted at different levels of these variables (parameters). It is shown that wire drawing die life is Weibull distributed. To compare the simulated results with actual time to failure, data of dies was obtained from a large wire drawing company and was compared with corresponding scenario generated by Monte Carlo simulation. Results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations were very close to the actual time to failure data. (author)

die doel en wese van opvoedende onderwys en die implikasies

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Oaar moet onderskei word tussen die doelstellings van opvoedende onderwys en die einddoel wat bereik word deur die nastrewing van hierdie doelstellings. Gunter praat van die naderliggende doelstellings (1981, b1.105). \\/at die enddoel van opvoedende onderwys bet ref, gaan die meeste opvoedkundi ges akkoord dat ...

Die opleiding van bedryfsielkundiges aan die universiteit van Fort Hare

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W. Botha

1977-11-01

Full Text Available Die Departement Bedryfsielkunde aan die Universiteit van Fort Hare is 'n relatiewe jong departement en het eers in 1965 tot stand gekom. Voor hierdie datum is Bedryfsielkunde as 'n kort kursus deur die departement van suiwer Sielkunde aangebied en een van die destydse dosente, Dr. W. Backer, het die inisiatief geneem om 'n selfstandige departement van Bedryfsielkunde in die Fakulteit van Ekonomiese Wetenskappe op die been te bring.

Reparation of damaged forging dies

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Vukić Lazić

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The forging dies are in exploitation exposed to elevated temperatures and variable impact loads, both compressive and shear. Steels for manufacturing of these tools must endure those loads while maintaining mechanical properties and being resistant to wear and thermal fatigue. For those reasons, the alloyed steels are used for making the forging dies, though they have less weldability, because alloying increases proneness to hardening. Any reparatory hard facing (HF of the damaged dies would require the specially adjusted technology to the particular piece. In this paper reparatory hard facing of dies used for forging pieces in the automobile industry is considered. Prior to reparatory hard facing of the real tools, numerous experimental hard facings on models were performed. All the model hard facings were done on the same steels which were used for production of the real forging dies. To define the optimal hard facing technology one needs to derive the optimal combination of the adequate heat treatment(s, to select the proper filler metals and the welding procedure. The established optimal HF technology was applied to real forging dies whose service life was further monitored in conditions of exploitation

Filosofiese tendense in die wordinggeskiedenis van ons verstaan van die fisiese natuur

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D. F. M. Strauss

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Die ontstaan van ’n lang tradisie van natuurwetenskaplike denke is in antieke Griekeland te vind – die bakermat van die Westerse beskawing en die bron van geartikuleerde rasionele besinning. Die vroegste fases van die Griekse kultuur het reeds geboorte geskenk aan ’n teoretiese nadenke oor die heelal. Die Pythagoreërs is veral bekend vir hul klem op die verklaringskrag van getalsverhoudinge. In hul tese dat “alles getal is” het hulle egter slegs rasionale getalle (breuke erken en gevolglik uiteindelik vasgeloop in die ontdekking van irrasionale getalle wat tot die geometrisering van die Griekse wiskunde gelei het en tegelyk die bedding gevorm het van waaruit ’n magtige tradisie van ruimte-metafisika gegroei het wat die hele middeleeuse tydperk omspan het. Die vermeende statiese syn is in die mees ekstreme geval – die skool van Parmenides en die argumente van Zeno teen veelheid en beweging – tot in die uiteindelike antinomiese konsekwensies daarvan deurdink. Dit was egter eers die vroeg-moderne tyd – die voorgangers en nakomelinge van Galilei – wat naas getal en ruimte ’n waardering ontwikkel het vir die verklaringskrag van beweging (vergelyk die klassieke meganistiese wêreldbeeld van die heelal as ’n meganisme van stofdeeltjies in beweging. Maar ook hierdie meganistiese reduksie (waardeur alle fisiese verskynsels herlei is tot die beweging van al of niegelade massapunte sou uiteindelik misluk omdat dit nie van die onomkeerbaarheid van fisiese prosesse rekenskap kon gee nie. Gevolglik beliggaam eers die fisika van die 20ste eeu ’n erkenning van die deurslaggewend-stempelende rol van energie-werking (dus van die fisiese aspek in die aard van stoflike dinge en prosesse. Die artikel word afgesluit met ’n vlugtige verduideliking van die implikasies van die voorafgaande argumentasie vir ’n benadering van die misterie van die bestaan van materie.

DIE PREDIKANT: DIENAAR VAN GOD OF NET 'N GEWONE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Ons Howe het tot dusver gemeentes van verskillende denominasies konsekwent as ... VGKSA11 het die Hoogste Hof van Appèl bevind dat die howe al meermale ...... STRAUSS, P.J.. 1999. Die goedkeuring van kerkrade vir 'n nuwe verband in die NG Kerkfamilie. Acta Theologica 19(2):32-54. VAN JAARSVELD, S.R.. 2006.

Further development of the BEKON dry fermentation process for hygienisation of substrates in the fermenter according to BioAbfV; Weiterentwicklung der BEKON-Trockenfermentation ermoeglicht die Hygienisierung der Substrate gemaess BioAbfV im Fermenter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liebeneiner, Rolf; Lutz, Peter [Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH und Co. KG, Unterfoehring (Germany)

2012-11-01

In the draft amendment to the BioAbfV (BMU, 2011), temperatures and times of residue to ensure hygienisation of substrates for thermophilic fermentation were revised on the basis of EU law on animal by-products and fertilizer law and on the basis of practical experience with the directive and recent research findings on hygienisation of biomass waste. To test the process, the required thermophilic process temperature of 50 must be ensured for the totality of substrates for a minimum time of residue. The fermentation substrates are then tested for phytohygiene and epidemic hygiene. BEKON developed their patented fermenter heating system into the world's first batch dry fermentation plant for hygienisation inside the fermenter, which was commissioned in 2010 at Spiez, Switzerland. The plant was capable of ensuring the required temperature levels and substrate hygienisation standards. The advanced thermophilic BEKON dry fermentation process thus ensures reliable hygienisation of substrates already inside the fermenter, without aerobic post-treatment of fermenation residues. This simplifies process monitoring in the subsequent composting stage. (orig.) [German] Im Entwurf zur Novellierung der BioAbfV (BMU, 2011) wurden die erforderlichen Temperaturen und Verweilzeiten zur Sicherstellung der Hygienisierung der Substrate fuer die thermophile Vergaerung ueberarbeitet. Grundlage hierfuer waren unter anderem sowohl neue und geaenderte rechtlicher Vorschriften des EU-Rechts ueber die tierischen Nebenprodukte und des Duengerechts, als auch Praxiserfahrungen seit Inkrafttreten der Verordnung und neue Forschungsergebnisse zur Hygienisierung von Bioabfaellen. Die Prozesspruefung muss dabei so vorgenommen werden, dass ueber einen zusammenhaengenden Zeitraum (der sogenannten Mindestverweilzeit) die geforderte thermophile Behandlungstemperatur von mindestens 50 C auf die gesamten Substrate einwirkt. Die seuchen- und phytohygienische Unbedenklichkeit der Gaersubstrate ist dabei

Enter the imperceptible: Reading Die Antwoord

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Sonja Smit

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Die Antwoord (The Answer, a Zef-rap outfit from South Africa, have been criticised for their appropriation of cultural signifiers in their lyrics and the images which come to fore in their music videos. This paper investigates how the band uses culture as a “found object” and albeit problematically, subverts static conceptions regarding South African life. I read Die Antwoord’s performance as an embrace of simulation (via Jean Baudrillard which destabilises myths regarding authenticity. Die Antwoord’s lack of authenticity is investigated in relation to hip hop as well as the creation of a Zef counter-culture. Drawing specifically from “Fatty Boom Boom”, the analysis centres on how the band satirises exoticised myths surrounding South African life.

N HERSIENING VAN DIE AFRIKAANSE VERTALING VAN DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

vergewe. Dit sou in orde gewees het as daar gestaan het, ReMomë- j^onta^is hepta?ds. wat die grieks is vir sewentig maal sewe. Die uitdrukking. heMom&ontabis heptd sien hoogswaarskynlik op Gen. 4 : 24 (LXX) waar. Lameg meedeel dat hy sewe-en-sewentig-maal gewreek sal word. Daar sit die Afr. Vert, die uitdrukking ...

Simulation and experimental verification of the filling process of semi-solid die forging for cup shell

OpenAIRE

Jianbo TAN; Zichao WANG; Dongxu WANG

2015-01-01

The filling mold process of semi-solid alloy blank influences severely the forming and properties of finished piece. In this paper, DEFORM is applied to simulate the process of cup-type 6061 alloy die forging casting. The influences of the temperature of semi-solid alloy blank, preheating temperature, and downward press speed of pressure head on process of mold filling and velocity field are investigated. The results show that the mold filling of semi-solid alloy paste smoothly fills along th...

die ondersteuning van okkulte-gerehabiliteerdes: 'n pastoraal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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. Due to the complex nature of ... Die fasiliteerder, of informele helper, word as ondersteunende hulp vir die okkulte-gerehabiliteerde ...... In: A.S. de Vos (ed.), Research at grass roots. For the Social Sciences and Human Service Professions.

Die Entwicklung des Innovationsmanagements an der Universitätsbibliothek Bern

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Petra Redmond

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Das Innovationsmanagement dient der aktiven Gestaltung von Wandlungsprozessen, welche es der Bibliothek ermöglichen, rasch auf das sich schnell verändernde Bibliotheksumfeld zu reagieren. Innovativ sein heisst folglich auch, sich ständig zu verändern. Somit sollen sich auch im Innovationsmanagement Prozesse, Strukturen und Schwerpunkte stetig wandeln können und daher sollten sie laufend evaluiert werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde zu Beginn des Innovationsmanagements an der Universitätsbibliothek Bern beschlossen, nach zwei Jahren eine erste Evaluation durchzuführen, um die Prozesse und Kernaufgaben der aktuellen Situation anpassen zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine stärkere Fokussierung auf strategische Handlungsschwerpunkte und die Förderung der internen Innovationskultur notwendig sind. Als neuen Schwerpunkt setzt die UB Bern nun auf die Implementierung einer systematischen Kundenforschung. Mögliche weitere Erfolgsfaktoren für ein gelingendes Innovationsmanagement sind die enge Verknüpfung zum Projektmanagement und die Einführung eines Produktmanagements. Innovation Management is actively shaping processes which will enable libraries to respond to rapidly changing environments. Being innovative means, therefore, being able to adapt to change and disruption. Processes, structures and focuses in innovation management are also subjected to change and, as a consequence, should be constantly evaluated. For this reason, at the beginning of the implementation of innovation management at University Library Bern the decision had been taken to perform an evaluation after 2 years in order to adjust the processes and core functions to the current situation. The results highlighted that both a stronger focus on strategic priorities and the promotion of internal culture of innovation are necessary. For this purpose, UB Bern focuses on the implementation of a systematic customer research. Other possible factors for successful innovation

Numerical investigation of the effect of friction conditions to increase die life

Science.gov (United States)

Mutlu, M. O.; Guleryuz, C. G.; Parlar, Z.

2017-02-01

The standard die materials in aluminium extrusion offer good mechanical properties like high tempering resistance, high strength and ductility. On the other hand, they struggle with the problem of sliding wear. As a result, there is a growing interest in using surface treatment techniques to increase the wear resistance of extrusion dies. In this study, it is aimed to observe the effects of the different friction conditions on material flow and contact pressure in extrusion process. These friction conditions can be obtained with the application of a variety of surface treatment. In this way, it is expected to decrease the friction force on the die bearing area and to increase the homogeneity of the material flow which will result in the increase of the quality of the extrudate as well as the improvement of the process economically by extending die life. For this purpose, an extrusion process is simulated with a finite element software. A die made of 1.2344 hot work tool steel-commonly used die material for aluminium extrusion process- has been modelled and Al 1100 alloy used as billet material. Various friction factor values defined on the die surface under the same process parameters and effects of changing frictional conditions on the die and the extrusion process have been discussed.

Dying scenarios improve recall as much as survival scenarios.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, Daniel J; Hart, Joshua; Kramer, Melanie E

2014-01-01

Merely contemplating one's death improves retention for entirely unrelated material learned subsequently. This "dying to remember" effect seems conceptually related to the survival processing effect, whereby processing items for their relevance to being stranded in the grasslands leads to recall superior to that of other deep processing control conditions. The present experiments directly compared survival processing scenarios with "death processing" scenarios. Results showed that when the survival and dying scenarios are closely matched on key dimensions, and possible congruency effects are controlled, the dying and survival scenarios produced equivalently high recall levels. We conclude that the available evidence (cf. Bell, Roer, & Buchner, 2013; Klein, 2012), while not definitive, is consistent with the possibility of overlapping mechanisms.

Modeling the Mechanical Performance of Die Casting Dies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

R. Allen Miller

2004-02-27

The following report covers work performed at Ohio State on modeling the mechanical performance of dies. The focus of the project was development and particularly verification of finite element techniques used to model and predict displacements and stresses in die casting dies. The work entails a major case study performed with and industrial partner on a production die and laboratory experiments performed at Ohio State.

Film Presentation: Die Urknallmaschine

CERN Multimedia

Carolyn Lee

2010-01-01

Die Urknallmaschine, an Austrian film by Gerd Baldauf, narrated by Norbert Frischauf (Alpha Österreich - ORF, 2009).  In CERN’s gigantic complex particles are accelerated to almost the speed of light, brought to collision and made to divide into even smaller particles. Public opinion of CERN’s research is also divided. Sceptics fear that black holes may be created. Might the goal to study the origin of the world lead to its destruction? The Austrian researcher Norbert Frischauf worked at CERN for many years. With his guidance it is possible to explore the world’s largest research centre, get a glimpse of the fascinating work the scientists do there and take a crash course in particle physics. Die Urknallmaschine will be presented on Friday, 25 June from 13:00 to 14:00 in the Main Auditorium. Language: German

n hoofstuk in die (outo)biografie van die predikant (pastor?) 1 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

biografie van die dominee (pastor?), spreek om verskeie redes boekdele. Die gebruik van die onbepaalde lidwoord is eerstens 'n bevestiging dat die artikel slegs 'n verdere bydrae (hoofstuk) tot die bestaande en steeds voortgaande gesprek (boek) oor die biografie van die dominee is (Heitink 2001). Tweedens plaas ek ...

Die entwicklung, die metamorphose, die entstehung: Die konzepte des organismus von Aristoteles bis Darwin

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Kamerer Eva

2009-01-01

Full Text Available (nemački In diesem Aufsatz versuche ich, die Elemente verschiedener Konzepte des Organismus in der Philosophie und in der Wissenschaft zu analysieren. Die Deutungen des Organismus und der Einheit der Natur bei Aristoteles, Kant und Goethe werden als ein Beispiel der Bewegung von einem finalistischen zum antifinalistischen Bild der Natur verstanden.

Die genetiese verbetering van wyndruifkultivars en wyngisrasse vir ’n markgerigte wynbedryf: Nuwe benaderings tot die oeroue kuns van wynbereiding

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I. S. Pretorius

2003-09-01

uit waarvolgens V. vinifera-druifvariëteite en S. cerevisiae-wyngisrasse tans geneties met chirurgiese presisie op die basis van markaanvraag ontwerp word vir die koste-effektiewe, volhoubare en omgewingsvriendelike produksie van gesonde, topgehalte druiwe en wyn.

die aard van wetgewende diskresies by die suid-afrikaanse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

In enige moderne demokrasie is daar een of ander vorm van skeiding van magte tussen die wetgewende, uitvoerende en regsprekende gesag. Hierdie skeiding van magte, die sogenaamde trias politica, kan sover teruggevoer word as 1215, met die ondertekening van die Magna Carta deur Koning John van Engeland.

die krag van simbole en rites in die liturgie 1. probleemstelling

African Journals Online (AJOL)

uitroepe vervang met die drie keer Kyrie eleison, die drie maal Christe eleison en die drie keer Kyrie eleison-uitroepe (Albrecht 1989:43). Op die lang duur het die uitroep dus heeltemal losgeraak van die gebede en het dit 'n selfstandige liturgiese element geword (Van Rongen. 1990:35). Die Reformasie met sy nadruk op ...

Dying for security

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Buchan, Bruce

2011-01-01

Full Text Available If political statements and media coverage are any guide, it seems Australians today are dying for security. At no other moment in our history has the spectre of war and terrorism so haunted popular, political and scholarly perceptions of Australia’s colonial past and of its geopolitical future. And yet, debates over colonial war or genocide and contemporary terrorism have been conducted in more or less complete isolation. In this article I argue that our contemporary obsession with ‘security’ is premised on the perennial threat of ‘insecurity’. This is the problem of in/security, and it has played a central role in the development of Western political thought. More importantly, its formulation in Western political thought provided a powerful justification for the violence of the early decades of Australia’s colonisation during which Indigenous Australians could also be said to have been dying for security.

Dying for Security

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruce Buchan

2011-03-01

Full Text Available If political statements and media coverage are any guide, it seems Australians today are dying for security. At no other moment in our history has the spectre of war and terrorism so haunted popular, political and scholarly perceptions of Australia’s colonial past and of its geopolitical future. And yet, debates over colonial war or genocide and contemporary terrorism have been conducted in more or less complete isolation. In this article I argue that our contemporary obsession with ‘security’ is premised on the perennial threat of ‘insecurity’. This is the problem of in/security, and it has played a central role in the development of Western political thought. More importantly, its formulation in Western political thought provided a powerful justification for the violence of the early decades of Australia’s colonisation during which Indigenous Australians could also be said to have been dying for security.

Die doeltreffendheid van talentbestuursprogramme in uitgesoekte Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies

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Jo-Ann P. Gainsford

2012-02-01

die studie kan gebruik word om bestaande talentbestuursprogramme aan te pas.The effectiveness of talent management programmes in selected South African organisations.Orientation: This study was driven by a need that was identified within South African organisations to establish guidelines for the implementation of an effective talent management programme.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effiency of the existing talent management programme in selected South African organisations in the financial, transport and mining sectors.Motivation for study: Legislation and the poor economic situation in South Africa necessitate the retention of talented employees. This can be done by means of an effective talent management programme.Research design, approach and method: The study was conducted using a quantitative research design. The ANOVA test and Tukey’s Studentised Range were applied to determine differences between the three sectors with regard to the effectiveness of the talent management programmes. The sample consisted of 117 identified talented employees.Main findings: Results of the study indicated that the organisations that participated in the study do have most of the necessary components included in their talent management programmes. The exception is talent management software, which was generally not included in the talent management programmes of the organisations. Further results indicated that, for the largest part, the respondents are not very satisfied with the components of the talent management programmes in their organisations. The respondents of the mining sector indicated the lowest satisfaction levels regarding the talent management programme. Furthermore, the financial sector’s talent management programme seemed to be more effective than the mining sector’s talent management programme.Practical/managerial implications: A comprehensive list of components was developed which should be included in a talent management

Paradigmas en progressie in die teologie: *n Perspektief op die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die metodologie as besinningsterrein word egter al belangriker. Gedurende die tweede week van April 1988 het teoloë van dwarsoor Suid-. Afrika by die nuwe gebou van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing in. Pretoria byeen gekom vir 'n kongres van amper drie dae met die tema Paradigma.'> 476. ISSN 0259 ...

DIE PERSOON VAN VREDE IN DIE SENDING

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aan dat 'n lewe onder die gesag van God tot volle vrede lei: “In coming under the rule of Yahweh, moreover, life was made whole and safe.” Dit is spesifiek in die tempel waar die volheid van God se vrede ondervind word (1997:662):. The temple is indeed the place where Israel entered into Yahweh's full zone of shalom.

Diskrepanz: Die EU-Frauenpolitik zwischen Deregulierung und Gleichheitsansprüchen Internal Discrepancies: EU Women’s Policies between Deregulation and Claims to Equality

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Ingrid Biermann

2003-03-01

Full Text Available In von neun Autorinnen verfassten Beiträgen gibt der Band Einblicke in zentrale Felder der EU-Politik: die europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (EWWU, die Strukturpolitik, die Gleichstellungspolitik und das Gender Mainstreaming, die Osterweiterung sowie die Ausarbeitung einer europäischen Verfassung. Damit werden wesentliche Teile des Maastricht-Vertrags (1992, des Amsterdamer Vertrags (1997 und des Nizza-Vertrags (2000 behandelt. Hierdurch bildet dieser Band eine wichtige Grundlage für die Diskussion über die Frauenpolitik der EU.This anthology, consisting of nine essays written by women authors, offers insights into central areas of EU politics: the European Economic and Currency Union, structural policies, policies dealing with gender equality, the expansion of the EU, as well as the creation of a new European constitution. These policies include relevant parts of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam, and the 2000 Treaty of Nizza. The information and insights presented here make this book an important basis for any discussions about EU women’s policies.

Etiese perspektiewe op haatspraak in die lig van die derde gebod

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Jakobus M. (Koos Vorster

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel fokus op die implikasies van die derde gebod met betrekking tot haatspraak in Suid-Afrika (SA vandag. Die artikel gaan uit van die standpunt dat die name van God op sy wese dui. Die name van God soos dit in die bybelse openbaringsgeskiedenis ontwikkel word, druk die gemeenskapskarakter van God se verhouding met mense en die skepping uit. Die betekenis van die name kulmineer in die Nuwe-Testamentiese uitdrukkings Vader en God is liefde. Alle verbale gedrag wat hierdie gemeenskaps- en liefdesverhouding inhibeer, oortree die derde gebod. Die misbruik van die Naam van God vind onder andere plaas wanneer mense, wat na die beeld van God geskep is, gedegradeer word deur haatspraak, omdat sodanige degradering die gemeenskap en liefde tussen God en die mens skend. Ten slotte word sekere gevalle van haatspraak soos dit vandag in Suid-Afrika voorkom, teologies-eties belig teen die agtergrond van die betekenis van die derde gebod. Hierdie vorms sluit religieuse, rassistiese, xenofobiese, seksistiese en homofobiese haatspraak in. This article focuses on the implications of the third commandment for hate speech in modern-day South Africa. The article contends that the names of God are expressions of his Being. The names of God as they are developed in the biblical history of revelation express his creation of covenantal community and restored relations with humankind and creation. The meaning of the names of God culminates in the New Testament expressions Father and God is love. Verbal actions that inhibit the new community created by God or violate love transgress the third commandment. Misuse of the name of God occurs among others when people, created in the image of God, are verbally degraded by hate speech because such degradation violates the community of love between God and humankind. In conclusion, the article indicates forms of hate speech in South Africa that should be dealt with in the light of the third commandment. These are acts

Die era van Suid-Afrika se militere hoogbloei met die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

4 Jun 1976 ... Die Toyota 1200 bakkie is geadverteer met die woorde 'Hier kom die pantserbakkie', teen die agtergrond van 'n olifant tenk.32. Daar is ook 'n betrekking deur Thorold en van Wyk geadverteer waar militere opleiding 'n voorvereiste was.33. Daar was ook films wat weermag en polisie gebasseer is wat in die ...

Die invloed van herbivorie en vuur op die oorlewing van sekere meerjarige kruide langs die Sabierivier, Kruger Nasionale Park

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H. Myburgh

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Die groot vloede wat in die jaar 2000 in die Kruger Nasionale Park plaasgevind het, het dierivieroewerplantegroei versteur. Dit het die geleentheid gebied om heinings op te rig langsdie Sabierivier om herbivore uit sekere gebiede uit te sluit en sodoende die herstel van die rivieroewerekosisteme te monitor.

Die samestelling en evaluering van 'n groepfasiliteringskursus

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S. Rothmann

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The development and evaluation of a group facilitation course. The personality profile of a group facilitator is conceptualised as consisting of group knowledge and skills, interpersonal effectiveness, and personality traits. A group facilitation course directed at the stimulation of this profile was developed. The course improved the skills of praticipants to respond to process issues in a group, as well as their knowledge of group facilitation. Their empathy, respect, genuineness and concreteness improved significantly. Although changes in spontaneity, time competence and existentiality were found after completing the course, these changes cannot be ascribed to the course. Organisational factors may impede the development of the personality traits of the group facilitator. Opsomming Die persoonlikheidsprofiel van die groepfasiliteerder word gekonseptualiseer as groepkennis en -vaardighede, interpersoonike effektiwiteit, en persoonlikheidskenmerke. 'n Groepfasiliteringskursus gerig op die stimulering van hierdie profiel is ontwikkel. Die kursus het daartoe bygedra om deelnemers se vaardigheid om op prosesaangeleenthede in 'n groep te reageer, asook om hul kennis van groepfasilitering te verbeter. Deelnemers se empatie, respek, egtheid en konkreetheid het beduidend toegeneem. Alhoewel veranderinge ten opsigte van spontaneïteit, tydsbewustheid en eksistensialiteit gevind is, kan hierdie veranderinge nie aan die kursus toegeskryf word nie. Organisasiefaktore kan struikelblokke wees in die weg van die ontwikkeling van die persoonliheidskenmerke van die groepfasiliteerder.

Chrístologie: Die historiese Jesus en die kerugmatiese Christus by ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dige Here van sy kerk. Die Christelike teologie en die kerk het dus nie 'n ander oprsprong as wat die Christologiese belydenis van die oer-Christendom het nie, naamlik die paasgebeure. Schmithals (1972b:77) wil kerk en teologie aanmoedig om hierdie oorsprong in gedagte te hou en om goed te besef dat die Christus-.

Die invloed van gesondheidsopvoeding op die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by leerders in ’n skistosoom - endemiese gebied in die Limpopoprovinsie

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Corrie Wolmarans

2008-09-01

Full Text Available In hierdie studie is geselekteerde direkte en indirekte onderrigmetodes geëvalueer ten opsigte vanhulle potensiaal om die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by skoolgaande kinders, woonagtigin ’n landelike omgewing in ’n skistosoom-endemiese gebied, te verlaag. Twee direkte (poppekas enblaaibord en drie indirekte (plakkaat, kennisgewingbord en onderrig via ouers of voogdeonderrigmetodes is geëvalueer.Skistosoombesmette leerders is met behulp van parasitologiese metodes geïdentifiseer en aan ’nvraelys in hul moerdertaal onderwerp om onder andere op hoogte van hulle kennis ten opsigte vanskistosomose te kom en te bepaal hoe die infrastruktuur tot hulle beskikking wat water en sanitasiebetref, daar uitsien. Leerders is met behulp van plaaslike gesondheidspersoneel vir die siekte behandelen daarna op verskeie geleenthede in samewerking met plaaslike onderwysers aan die verskillendeonderrigmetodes blootgestel.’n Aansienlike toename in die leerders se kennis aangaande skistosomose is reeds na die tweedeonderrigsessie waargeneem. Ten spyte van die feit dat die leerders in ’n skistosoom-endemiesegebied woonagtig was, het slegs 2% die siekte met ’n natuurlike waterhabitat soos ’n rivier geassosieer.Daar is verder gevind dat relevante amptelike strukture soos klinieke, geneeshere en skole byna geenrol speel in die verskaffing van inligting van wat die siekte behels en hoe dit oorgedra word nie.Betekenisvolle afnames in die kumulatiewe prevalensie van besmetting het by al die groepe, wat aandie onderskeie onderrigmetodes blootgestel was gedurende die ondersoek, voorgekom, wanneer ditmet die kontrolewaarde waar die leerders geen onderrig ontvang het nie, vergelyk is. Statistiesevergelykings tussen die verskillende onderrigmetodes het getoon dat die poppekas, blaaibord enplakkaat die effektiefste was om die prevalensie te verlaag, terwyl die gebruik van ouers of voogdedie minste effektief was. Alhoewel die kumulatiewe prevalensie van

duele verse sowel as die somtotaal die leser

African Journals Online (AJOL)

27 Jan 2006 ... selfs 'n landkaart afgedruk) terwyl dit ter- selfdertyd ver bo die lokale uitstyg. Die digter is sterk bewus van sy omgewing, geskiedenis en tradisies, maar veral van die algemene menslike kondisie wat binne hierdie referensiekader vergestalt word. Hy gebruik 'n bekende historiese slagveld as bundeltitel (en ...

Paulus as vredemaker. Oor die resepsie van die Brief aan Filemon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

7 Jul 2015 ... Inleiding. Die woord 'vrede' kom net een maal in die Filemonbrief voor, en wel in die aanhef van die brief. Kommentatore merk egter gereeld op dat 'n mens nie daaruit moet aflei dat dié begrip onbelangrik vir die verstaan van die brief is nie. Om een voorbeeld te noem: Barth en Blanke. (2002) skryf as volg:.

N HERSIENING VAN DIE AFRIKAANSE VERTALING VAN DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

aangetoon het, 'n huis in Kapernaum gehad en hierdie geskiedenis speel in Kapernaum of daar digby af. Jesus en sy dissipele het namelik, volgens 6:35 geland by Gennesaret, net suid van Kapernaum Die gevolgtrekking word ondersteun deur Joh. 6:17 waarvolgens die dissi pele na die spysiging op Kapernaum gevaar ...

Analysis and modeling of hot extrusion die for its service life enhancement

Science.gov (United States)

Akhtar, Syed Sohail

Aluminum extrusion finds extensive application in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. High pressures, elevated temperatures, complex and intricate section geometries lead to repeated mechanical and thermal stresses in the die and affiliated tooling. Product rework and rejects can be traced back to various defects spread over the die life cycle: die design, die manufacture and heat treatment, process parameters, inprocess die maintenance/correction and, billet type and quality. Therefore, improved and efficient service life of die and related tooling used in the extrusion press is one the most important factors in maximizing productivity and minimizing cost for ensuring the economical efficiency of an aluminum extrusion plant. How often a die has to be scrapped and replaced with a new one directly contributes to the commercial viability of producing a certain profile. The focus of the current work is on three distinct yet inter-related studies pertaining to the improvement of aluminum extrusion die. Study-A (Die Failure Analysis) is an investigation of various modes and critical failure types based on industrial data (Chapter-2 ), examination of failed dies and finite element simulation for identification of critical process parameters and design features in die fatigue-life (Chapter-3). In Study-B (Die Surface Hardening Treatment), two-stage controlled gas nitriding process for H13 steel is evaluated, both experimentally and numerically, in terms of nitrided case morphology and properties (Chapter-4) followed by experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of repeated nitriding (Chapter-5), pre-nitriding surface preparation (Chapter-6) and die profile geometry (Chapter-7) on nitriding performance in regard to die service life. In Study-C (Effect of Billet Quality on Die Life), the effect of billet quality and related influencing extrusion parameters on the die service life is investigated based on industrial data and some regression

Process chain analysis for methanol production from biomass with the aid of mathematical models; Prozesskettenanalyse fuer die Methanolerzeugung aus Biomasse mit Hilfe von mathematischen Modellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saller, G; Krumm, W [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany)

1997-12-31

Using the example of primary energy consumption for methanol production from cellulose-rich biomass, it is shown that process chain analysis with mathematical modelling of the technical systems enables calculations of eco-inventories as a function of the relevant process parameters. Optimisation of process chains with regard to ecological indicators or cost necessitates mathematical modelling because of the many different parameters and parameter combinations involved. (orig) [Deutsch] Am Beispiel des Primaerenergieaufwands bei der Methanolgewinnung aus zellulosealtiger Biomasse wurde gezeigt, dass die Prozesskettenanalyse mit Abbildung der technischen Systeme in mathematischen Modellen die Berechnung von Oekoinventaren in Abhaengigkeit der relevanten Prozessparameter erlaubt. Die Optimierung von Prozessketten hinsichtlich oekologischer Indikatoren oder Kosten ist wegen der Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Parametern und deren Kombinationsmoeglichkeiten nur mit Hilfe mathematischer Modelle moeglich. (orig)

Process chain analysis for methanol production from biomass with the aid of mathematical models; Prozesskettenanalyse fuer die Methanolerzeugung aus Biomasse mit Hilfe von mathematischen Modellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saller, G.; Krumm, W. [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany)

1996-12-31

Using the example of primary energy consumption for methanol production from cellulose-rich biomass, it is shown that process chain analysis with mathematical modelling of the technical systems enables calculations of eco-inventories as a function of the relevant process parameters. Optimisation of process chains with regard to ecological indicators or cost necessitates mathematical modelling because of the many different parameters and parameter combinations involved. (orig) [Deutsch] Am Beispiel des Primaerenergieaufwands bei der Methanolgewinnung aus zellulosealtiger Biomasse wurde gezeigt, dass die Prozesskettenanalyse mit Abbildung der technischen Systeme in mathematischen Modellen die Berechnung von Oekoinventaren in Abhaengigkeit der relevanten Prozessparameter erlaubt. Die Optimierung von Prozessketten hinsichtlich oekologischer Indikatoren oder Kosten ist wegen der Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Parametern und deren Kombinationsmoeglichkeiten nur mit Hilfe mathematischer Modelle moeglich. (orig)

„Ein Kunstwerk enthält nicht die geringste Information“. Deleuze, Guattari und die zeitgenössische Kunst

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Stephen Zepke

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Deleuzes und Guattaris Zurückweisung der Konzeptkunst ist allgemein bekannt und passt so garnicht zur derzeitigen Hegemonie der “post-konzeptionellen” Kunstpraktiken. Genauso unpassend erscheint Deleuzes ontologische und politische Abneigung gegen die Photographie, die „Schnappschüsse“ oder Repräsentationen des Werdens liefert, indem sie Klischeebilder unmittelbar in unserer Gehirne pflanzt, die dann unsere Handlungen und Reaktionen kontrollieren, indem sie uns der Fähigkeit zum kreativen Denken berauben. In Cinema 2 weitet Deleuze diese Argumentation auf das neue “elektronische Bild” aus das, wie auch die Konzeptkunst, die Ebene der Komposition in eine „Schneidetischebene“ oder einen „Bildschirm“ verwandelt, welche Informationen und mit ihnen unsere zu Schnittstellen gewordenen Gehirne einfach nur formatieren. Heutzutage werden Konzeptpraktiken, Photographie und digitale Technologien von der zeitgenössischen Kunst als selbstverständlich angesehen, die auch fröhlich „D&G“ anwendet. Doch verdienen Deleuzes und Guattaris Gedanken nicht eine kritischere Würdigung? Braucht es nicht eine kleinere Kriegsmaschine? Wie sähe die aus im Falle der zeitgenössischen Kunstpraktiken? Unter den diversen Möglichkeiten untersucht der vorliegende Text die sublimen Verzweigungen einer Deuleuzeschen Vorstellung des “Denkens” sowie dessen Position als des „immanent Äußeren“ der post-konzeptionellen Richtung der Kunst

Die dinamika van die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem in sterrekunde

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Keegan D. Anderson

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem is een van die oudste probleme in klassieke fisika en is alvir ongeveer die afgelope honderd jaar bestudeer. Die probleem is nie oplosbaar op ‘n geslote analitiese wyse nie, alhoewel ’n oneindige reeks oplossing bestaan.

Die taak van akademiese geletterdheid/hede binne die konteks van ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Opsomming. Die vestiging van Akademiese Geletterdheid by tersiêre instansies in Suid-Afrika het gegroei uit die besef dat 'n goedontwikkelde akademiese taalvermoë essensieel is vir akademiese prestasie. Gepubliseerde literatuur getuig van die belangrike verskuiwings wat oor die afgelope aantal dekades plaasgevind ...

Die 'postmoderne' stempel in die Nuwe-Testamentiese hermeneutiek

African Journals Online (AJOL)

georiënteerde teorie en kritiek wat volgens Moore opbou tot 'n herhaling binne. Bybelnavorsing. Dit het reeds by Immanuel Kant begin. Sedert Kant is dit proble- maties cm die objek van kennis te beskou as iets wat kennis objektief in sigself bevat. Objektiwisme is prys gegee. Dialektiek het in die plek daarvan gekom. Die.

DIE KONINGSBEDE AS ELEMENT IN DIE KRONINGSRITUEEL. By ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Die offerfees te Gibeon was 'n plegtigheid, waaraan geheel Israel deelgeneem het. Die duisend. "brandoffers" wat sowel Kon. as Kron. vermeld, sal wel opgevat moet word as „brandoffers en dankoffers", sodat daar vir die aanwesiges. *n groot feesmaaltyd aangerig is, vgl. I Kon. 3:15. n Sodanige maal- tyd verbind vors en ...

Quantenfische die Stringtheorie und die Suche nach Weltformel

CERN Document Server

Lüst, Dieter

2011-01-01

Lässt sich das Verhalten aller Dinge, von den kleinsten Teilchen bis zum Universum, einheitlich beschreiben? Der heißeste Kandidat für die Entwicklung einer Weltformel, die alle physikalischen Phänomene erklären kann, ist die Stringtheorie. Sollte sie sich als richtig erweisen, so würde das unser Verständnis über den Ursprung der Naturgesetze dramatisch verändern. Denn das von uns beobachtete Universum wäre dann vermutlich eine winzige Blase in einem viel größeren Gebilde, dem Multiversum. Um die Stringtheorie und die Idee des Multiversums plausibel zu machen, greift der international bekannte theoretische Physiker Dieter Lüst auf ein Modell zurück: das Leben von Fischen in einem Teich. Eines Tages gelingt es den Fischen, die kleinsten Teilchen zu identifizieren, aus denen alles im Fischteich besteht - eingeschlossen sie selbst. Sie nennen diese Urbausteine Quantenfische, da ihr Verhalten nahelegt, dass sie auch eine Art von Lebewesen sind. Doch der ersten folgt eine weitere Entdeckung der Fisch...

A process chain for integrating piezoelectric transducers into aluminum die castings to generate smart lightweight structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Stein

Full Text Available The application of piezoelectric transducers to structural body parts of machines or vehicles enables the combination of passive mechanical components with sensor and actuator functions in one single structure. According to Herold et al. [1] and Staeves [2] this approach indicates significant potential regarding smart lightweight construction. To obtain the highest yield, the piezoelectric transducers need to be integrated into the flux of forces (load path of load bearing structures. Application in a downstream process reduces yield and process efficiency during manufacturing and operation, due to the necessity of a subsequent process step of sensor/actuator application. The die casting process offers the possibility for integration of piezoelectric transducers into metal structures. Aluminum castings are particularly favorable due to their high quality and feasibility for high unit production at low cost (Brunhuber [3], Nogowizin [4]. Such molded aluminum parts with integrated piezoelectric transducers enable functions like active vibration damping, structural health monitoring or energy harvesting resulting in significant possibilities of weight reduction, which is an increasingly important driving force of automotive and aerospace industry (Klein [5], Siebenpfeiffer [6] due to increasingly stringent environmental protection laws. In the scope of those developments, this paper focuses on the entire process chain enabling the generation of lightweight metal structures with sensor and actuator function, starting from the manufacturing of piezoelectric modules over electrical and mechanical bonding to the integration of such modules into aluminum (Al matrices by die casting. To achieve this challenging goal, piezoceramic sensors/actuator modules, so-called LTCC/PZT modules (LPM were developed, since ceramic based piezoelectric modules are more likely to withstand the thermal stress of about 700 °C introduced by the casting process (Flössel et

Van die Gasredakteur

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cherish and teach.'1. Die Fakulteit Geneeskunde van die Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat het pragtig gegroei ge- durende die eerste 21 jaar van sy bestaan. Die entoesiasme, doelgerigtheid, harde werk en inisia- tiewe van 'n groot aantal persone was hiervoor verantwoordelik. 'If we see a bit more clearly than they, it is ...

Die uitdaging van die ateïsme en antiteïsme: ’n Teologiese gesprek met Armando Pellencin oor sy boek Ateïsme: die saak teen God (1 & 2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.H. van Wyk

2013-08-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel beskryf die outeur hoedat hy onverwags in 2007 in ’n debat met die ateïs Armando Pellencin betrokke geraak het en hoedat dit uiteindelik gelei het tot die skryf van hierdie artikel oor ateïsme. Nadat hy in ’n kort intermezzo ’n oorsig oor die opkoms van ateïsme gebied het, lewer die outeur daarna ’n uiteensetting van die standpunte van Pellencin. In die volgende hoofdeel van die artikel argumenteer die outeur dat Pellencin – asook ander ateïste – nie afdoende en bevredigende antwoorde kan gee op die vyf fundamentele lewensvrae nie. Hierdie fundamentele lewensvrae is die volgende: Hoe verwerf ’n mens kennis (waarheid?; Waar kom alles vandaan?; Waar gaan alles heen?; Wat is die sin van die lewe?; Hoe kan ’n mens tussen goed en kwaad onderskei? Die outeur konkludeer dat ateïsme, as geloofskeuse en lewens- en wêreldbeskouing faal vanweë die inherente tekortkomings wat aan die reduksionisiese benadering van naturalisme, rasionalisme, positivisme en sciëntisme verbonde is. In this article the author describes how, in 2007, he got involved in an unexpected discourse with the atheist Armando Pellencin and how it eventually lead to the writing of this article on atheism. After a short intermezzo in which an overview of the rise of atheism is presented, the views of Pellencin are expounded. In the main part of the article the author argues that Pellencin and other atheists fail to supply decisive and satisfactory answers to the five fundamental questions in life. This fundamental questions are the following: How do we achieve knowledge (truth?; Where does everything come from?; Where is everything going to?; What is the meaning of life?; How should we discern between good and evil? The author concludes that atheism, as a matter of faith, fails as a life and worldview, because of the deficiencies inherent in a reductionist approach such as naturalism, rationalism, positivism and scientism.

Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (E-SMARRT): Mechanical Performance of Dies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

R. Allen Miller, Principal Investigator; Kabiri-Bamoradian, Contributors: Khalil; Delgado-Garza, Abelardo; Murugesan, Karthik; Ragab, Adham

2011-09-13

As a net shape process, die casting is intrinsically efficient and improvements in energy efficiency are strongly dependent on design and process improvements that reduce scrap rates so that more of the total consumed energy goes into acceptable, usable castings. A casting that is distorted and fails to meet specified dimensional requirements is typically remelted but this still results in a decrease in process yield, lost productivity, and increased energy consumption. This work focuses on developing, and expanding the use of, computer modeling methods that can be used to improve the dimensional accuracy of die castings and produce die designs and machine/die setups that reduce rejection rates due to dimensional issues. A major factor contributing to the dimensional inaccuracy of the casting is the elastic deformations of the die cavity caused by the thermo mechanical loads the dies are subjected to during normal operation. Although thermal and die cavity filling simulation are widely used in the industry, structural modeling of the die, particularly for managing part distortion, is not yet widely practiced. This may be due in part to the need to have a thorough understanding of the physical phenomenon involved in die distortion and the mathematical theory employed in the numerical models to efficiently model the die distortion phenomenon. Therefore, two of the goals of this work are to assist in efforts to expand the use of structural modeling and related technologies in the die casting industry by 1) providing a detailed modeling guideline and tutorial for those interested in developing the necessary skills and capability and 2) by developing simple meta-models that capture the results and experience gained from several years of die distortion research and can be used to predict key distortion phenomena of relevance to a die caster with a minimum of background and without the need for simulations. These objectives were met. A detailed modeling tutorial was

Die benutting van vraelyste met die oog op meer effektiewe ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

UPuser

effektiewe stresbeheer as een van die temas te hanteer. Op grond van die navorsing deur onder andere Lawson (1985) en Taylor (1999) sou ek graag die proses van differensiasie2 ook by genoemde lys voeg as tema vir bespreking tydens huweliksvoorbereiding. 2 Differensiasie kan beskryf word as die losmaakproses ...

Wêreldmededingendheid en die tegnologie

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C. W. I. Pistorius

1996-07-01

Full Text Available Afgesien van die interne uitdagings wat die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP aan Suid-Afrika bied, moet die land ook tred hou met die veranderende globale omgewing, spesifiek die toenemende belangrikheid van ekonomiese sekuriteit as komponent van nasionale sekuriteit. Die konsep van mededingendheid vergestalt die doelwit wat nagestreef moet word ten einde die ontluikende globale ekonomiese stryd aan te durf. As ’n belangrike drywer van ekonomiese welvaart is tegnologie een van die belangrikste sleutels tot internasionale mededingendheid. Tegnologiese innovasie is die proses wat as hefboom hiervoor gebruik moet word. Dit is egter nodig dat tegnologie, en spesifiek die proses van tegnologiese innovasie, formeel en gestruktureerd bestuur moet word, sowel op nasionale as firmavlak. Op nasionale vlak is die voorsiene Nasionale Innovasiestelsel beslis ’n stap in die regte rigting.

Judith Butler: Die Macht der Geschlechternormen und die Grenzen des Menschlichen. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag 2009

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Ruben Marc Hackler

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Judith Butler beschäftigt sich in dieser Aufsatzsammlung mit den politischen und rechtlichen Anliegen von Homo- und Transsexuellen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Menschenrechte und die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen, durch die homosexuelle Paare bei der Familiengründung benachteiligt werden. Der Bedarf nach einer theoretisch gehaltvollen Kritik und nach praktischen Verbesserungen ist groß. Exemplarisch analysiert Butler den öffentlich verhandelten Fall einer operativen Geschlechtsveränderung, in dem weder die Kritiker/-innen noch die Befürworter/-innen ausreichend darauf eingingen, was sich die betroffene Person wünschte. Ein Schwachpunkt des Bandes liegt im vieldeutigen Gebrauch des Begriffs Gender.Judith Butler focuses in this collection of essays on the political and legal concerns of homo- and transsexuals. She concentrates on human rights and statutory provisions through which homosexual pairs are discriminated against in family planning. There exists a great need for a theoretically rich critique and for practical improvements. Butler exemplarily analyses the publically debated case of an operative sex change, in which neither the critics nor the supporters sufficiently notes the concerned person’s own wishes. The weakness of the volume lies in the ambiguous use of the term gender.

Die skrifbeskouing van feministiese teoloë, in die besonder dié van Fiorenza, Brenner en Van Dijk-Hemmes – beoordeel in die lig van die gereformeerde teologie

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Alta E. Swart

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Dit wil voorkom asof die feministiese Skrifbeskouing op die beginsel van selektiewe Skrifgesag berus. Dit beteken dat slegs dié dele in die Bybel wat met die feministiese ideologie ooreenstem, as gesaghebbend aanvaar word. Dit is veral die sogenaamde androsentriese taalgebruik wat dit vir aanhangers van hierdie benadering moeilik maak om die hele Skrif as gesaghebbend te erken. Hermeneuties vertoon hierdie benadering groot ooreenkomste met die Postmodernisme, waarin geen vaste reëls bestaan om die betekenis van tekste te bepaal nie. Gesien in die lig van die gereformeerde teologie, soos veranker in die Woord en belydenisskrifte, vertoon die feministiese teologie ernstige leemtes. Die bydraes (Skrifbeskouing van drie prominente feministiese teoloë – Fiorenza, Brenner en Van Dijk-Hemmes – word onder die loep geneem en teologies-krities geëvalueer ten einde hierdie leemtes uit te wys. It appears that the feminist view of Scripture is based on the principle of selective authority of the Scriptures, which means that only the parts of the Bible corresponding with the feminist ideology are accepted as authoritative. The use of androcentric language, in particular, makes it difficult for followers of feminism to accept the whole Bible as authoritative. Hermeneutically, their approach resembles Postmodernism, interpreting without any rules. Viewed from the paradigm of the reformed theology, which is anchored in Scripture and the articles of faith, feminist theology shows serious shortfalls. The contributions of three prominent feminist theologians – Fiorenza, Brenner and Van Dijk-Hemmes – are studied closely and evaluated critically in the light of the reformed theology, to underline these shortfalls.

die kasteel••de goede hoop" (1921.1923): die verhaal van in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

3. TWEE. KOMITEE-VERGADERINGS. BESLUITE a. Doel en samestelling van die komitee. Op 12 Desember 1921 stuur die Sekretans yap Verdediging uitnodigings aan sekere amptelike instansies en ander behingstd1endes waarin hy die redes vir die wenslikheid van 'n komitee en die werksaamhede uitecnsit en die ge-.

ontwikkeling van die gemenereg in die lig van artikels 39(2)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

'n Mens kan met reg vra of die ius connubiorum van Brouwer en die Law of. Husband and Wife van ... AD 560 (Geheime Raad) 563. 5 Sien vir besonderhede Hahlo en Kahn SA Legal System and its Background 304. ..... Die Franse chemikus, Antoine Lavoisier, is in 1794 tydens die Franse revolusie tereggestel. Terwyl die ...

Abraham Kuyper en volksideologie onder die Afrikaners

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K. Smit

1989-05-01

Full Text Available Om die waarheid te sê, Kuyper is lank nie meer gewild in Gereformeerde geledere in Suid-Afrika nie. Deels moet dit gewyt word aan die assosiasie van apartheidsideologie met Kuyper se idee van skeppingsordeninge (’n idee wat ook verbind kan word met Hitler se regverdiging van sy uitwissingsoperasies.

Die relevansie van die boek Prediker

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ook in die dogmatiek te bespeur is nie. 'n Vinnige oorsig oor die teksverwysings van. 'n paar wydgelese dogmatiekhandboeke kan dit bevestig. In Karl Barth se omvang- ryke Kirchliche Dogmatik word Prediker slegs vyf en dertig maal aangehaal en slegs sewe maal word teksgedeeltes bespreek. Emil Brunner haal Prediker ...

Die wonders in Johannes 6 verklaar aan die hand van 'n ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Maar die Evangelie van Johannes gee self 'n aanduiding van wat die intensie van die geskrif is, te wete Johannes 20: 30-31: Jesus het nog baie ander wondertekens, wat nie in hierdie boek beskrywe is nie, voor sy dissipels gedoen. Maar hierdie wonder tekens is beskrywe sodat julle kan glo dat Jesus die Christus is, die.

Packaged die heater

Science.gov (United States)

Spielberger, Richard; Ohme, Bruce Walker; Jensen, Ronald J.

2011-06-21

A heater for heating packaged die for burn-in and heat testing is described. The heater may be a ceramic-type heater with a metal filament. The heater may be incorporated into the integrated circuit package as an additional ceramic layer of the package, or may be an external heater placed in contact with the package to heat the die. Many different types of integrated circuit packages may be accommodated. The method provides increased energy efficiency for heating the die while reducing temperature stresses on testing equipment. The method allows the use of multiple heaters to heat die to different temperatures. Faulty die may be heated to weaken die attach material to facilitate removal of the die. The heater filament or a separate temperature thermistor located in the package may be used to accurately measure die temperature.

Die teologie in gesprek met die ekonomie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(1723-1790) sy vertrekpunt neem, ontwikkel, as oorwinnaars uit die Franse Revolu .... Die onmiddellike sukses van Adam Smith se 'Wealth of Nations' was .... alle vorme van sosialisme niks anders as 'kommunisme' (Wassenaar 1977:12) nie.

Experiments on the Model Testing of the 2nd Phase of Die Casting Process Compared with the Results of Numerical Simulation

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Dańko R.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Experiments of filling the model moulds cavity of various inner shapes inserted in rectangular cavity of the casting die (dimensions: 280 mm (height × 190 mm (width × 10 mm (depth by applying model liquids of various density and viscosity are presented in the paper. Influence of die venting as well as inlet system area and inlet velocity on the volumetric rate of filling of the model liquid - achieved by means of filming the process in the system of a cold-chamber casting die was tested. Experiments compared with the results of simulation performed by means of the calculation module Novacast (Novaflow&Solid for the selected various casting conditions - are also presented in the paper.

Student Nurses' Perception of Death and Dying

Science.gov (United States)

Niederriter, Joan E.

2009-01-01

Student nurses are involved in caring for patients who are actively dying or who have been told they have a terminal illness and are faced with the process of dying. Students encounter these patients in hospitals, nursing homes, at home or in hospice care settings. According to Robinson (2004), "nurses are the healthcare providers that are most…

Die waarde van Akteur-Netwerk-Teorie en 'n etnografiese ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kate H

Die navorser het hierna getel hoeveel maal die onderskeie akteurs voorgekom het. Dit het ook duidelik geword dat sekere akteurs telkens sáám in die netwerk figureer. In hierdie verband meen Buzelin (2007:163) dat dit belangrik is vir navorsers om in gevallestudies ondersoek in te stel na hoe dikwels sekere praktyke (of ...

Die Freiheit ist grausam : die schwierige Geschichte der baltischen Staaten bis heute / Wilhelm Schmid

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schmid, Wilhelm

1993-01-01

Raamatututvustused: Marianna Butenschön. Estland, Lettland, Litauen : das Baltikum auf dem langen Weg in die Freiheit. München: Piper Verlag, 1992 (Serie Piper 1416). 367 S. ; Alexander Schmidt. Geschichte des Baltikums : von den alten Göttern bis zur Gegenwart. München : Piper Verlag, 1992. (Serie Piper 1518). 288 S.

Die evaluering van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus met behulp van die posmandjie-tegniek

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W. de Jager

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of a management training course by using the in-basket technique. A management training course was evaluated for effectiveness by using two specially compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. Outcome evaluation was performed so as to determine whether learning transfer took place, ie., whether management skills in the application of planning, organising and control manifest in the work context afterwards. Significant differences were found between the experimental and the control group and were investigated by means of the "Univariate procedure". This management training course could effectively be measured with the behaviour assessment approach using two groups, where only the one group was exposed to a management training course to assess whether management behaviour changed as a result of learning transfer. This study utilises the in-basket technique as an instrument for training course evaluation. Opsomming Die effektiwiteit van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus is geevalueer aan die hand van gedragverandering soos gemeet deur twee posmandjies van dieselfde moeilikheidsgraad. Uitkomsevaluering is gedoen om te bepaal of leeroordrag plaasgevind het, met ander woorde/ of the nuut aangeleerde bestuursvaardighede in die toepassing van die bestuursdimensies beplanning, organisering en beheer wel na die tyd in die konteks van werkgedrag manifesteer. Beduidende verskille tussen die eksperimentele en die kontrole groep is gevind. Dit is ondersoek met behulp van enkelveranderiike-variansie-ontleding. Die bestuursopleidingskursus kon effektief vanuit die gedragbeoordelingsbcnadering gemeet word by twee groepe, waar slegs die een groep aan 'n bestuursopleidingskursus blootgestel word om te kon bepaal of bestuursgedrag verander het. Die studie benut die posmandjie-tegniek as kursusevalueringsinstmment.

Die ontmaskering van die bose: Eksegetiese perspektiewe op ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

2 Yarbro Collins (1983) bied tans nog die beste agtergrond vir 'n besinning oor geweld in ..... John's grammatical howlers are intentionally designed to alert listerners ..... 26 In die Nuwe Testament word Paul se snydende opmerking teenoor die Korintiërs as ..... rnt g0r`m nh8 ldfhrs`}m du sg}u fg}u + n2sh d/m sg>}} e`ql`jdh.

PROF DR FELIX V. lATEGAN: Die Boer se Roer. Die Groot ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF DR FELIX V. lATEGAN: Die Boer se. Roer. Die Groot Geweerboek van Suid-. Afrika. Tafelberg. Uitgewers. Kaapstad, pp. 209, bibliografie, register. Sonder die Boer en sy roer is die geskiede:lis van ons land feitlik ondenkbc:wr en dit is clan ook vo/kome juis gesien dat die skrywer van hierdie baanbrekerswerk die ...

Sal die ‘ewolusie’ vanaf biologie na lewenswetenskappe ‘uitsterwing’ van die vakgebied voorkom?

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Johanna G. Ferreira

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel word die wysiging van die skoolvak van ‘biologie’ na ‘lewenswetenskappe’ bespreek, asook die gepaardgaande en verwagte implikasies van die verandering. Die vraag word gestel of die beoogde wysiging wel noemenswaardig is en of dit enigsins ‘n verskil aan die dalende belangstelling in die lewenswetenskappe op tersiêre vlak sal maak. Die wysigings in die nuwe kurrikula verhoog die relevansie van die vakinhoud vir leerders en vir die gemeenskap, maar sekere kwessies kry nie aandag nie. Voorstelle word gemaak om die kurrikulum te wysig en onderrigmetodes aan te pas om die nodige vaardighede by leerders te vestig.

n opinie oor die behaviouristiese siening versus die fenomenologie ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

verband die eksperimente van Pavlov, Thorndike,. Skinner, Tolmann en Hull.) Fenomenologie. Die fenomenologie is 'n essensie-openbarende denkrigting. Dit impliseer'n denkende soektog na dit wat 'n besondere verskynsel of werklikheid maak juis dit wat dit is en nie iets anders nie. In die fenomenologiese antropologie ...

Die dialogiese prinsipe

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J. J. de Klerk

1981-08-01

Full Text Available Met die dialogiese prinsipe word daardie beginsel bedoel, waarin die tweerigtingverkeer of kommunikasie onder, of met, of deur die mense op 'n heel besondere gesprekmatige wyse gere�l word. Tot die wese van die dialogiese prinsipe behoort "als Grundvoraussetzung das Ernstnehmen des Gesprachspartners und das darin enthaltene zuhoren-konnen. Dialog ist also etwas anderes als Disput oder Diskussion. Er setzt gegenseitiges Vertrauen und Hochachtung voraus."

Older people dying with dementia: a nationwide study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meeussen, K.; van den Block, L.; Echteld, M.; Boffin, N.; Bilsen, J.; van Casteren, V.; Deliens, L.

2012-01-01

Background: Large-scale nationwide data describing the end-of-life characteristics of older people with dementia are lacking. This paper describes the dying process and end-of-life care provided to elderly people with mild or severe dementia in Belgium. It compares with elderly people dying without

Die aanspraak op Goddelike steun in 'n konfliksituasie volgens die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

laws, and ethical or political principles. A synchronic investigation of relevant Old ... die toneel gebring met die vraag: 'aan wie se kant is God' (vgl bv The road to. Damascus 1979:6)? Volgens .... betrekking tot die Ou Testament: Hoe moet ons vasstel wie se kant God nou regtig kies, of wie veg aan die kant van God en wie ...

Die tema van God se spraak in Hebreërs se inleidingsformules

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Albert J. Coetsee

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Alhoewel die voorkoms en gebruik van die Ou Testament in die meeste navorsing oor Hebreërs besonder baie aandag geniet, is dit nie die geval met die Hebreërskrywer se gebruik van inleidingsformules vir sy Ou-Testamentiese aanhalings nie. Die gevolg is dat daar tot op hede betreklik min selfstandige navorsing oor die Hebreërskrywer se tema van God se spraak by sy inleidingsformules gedoen is. In hierdie artikel word Hebreërs se inleidingsformules in besonderhede nagegaan om te bepaal wat die aard en inhoud van die Hebreërskrywer se verwysings na die tema van God se spraak in sy inleidingsformules is. Daar word onder andere bepaal dat Hebreërs 38 direkte aanhalings vanuit die Ou Testament bevat, dat die Hebreërskrywer, met slegs een uitsondering, elke inleidingsformule met ’n werkwoord van sêinlei, dat ’n Persoon van die Drie-eenheid in 34 van die 38 direkte aanhalings (± 89% die onderwerp en gevolglike Spreker van die Ou-Testamentiese woorde is, dat die Hebreërskrywer al drie Persone van die Drie-eenheid as God beskou, en dat die Hebreërskrywer oortuig is dat die Ou Testament geïnspireer is en God se geldige en relevante openbaring bly. The theme of God’s speech in Hebrews’ introduction formulae. Whilst the occurance and function of the Old Testament in research on Hebrews enjoys a lot of attention, this is not the case for the writer of Hebrews’ use of introduction formulae for his Old Testament quotations. The result is that up to date relatively few independent studies have been made on the writer of Hebrews’ theme of God’s speech in his introduction formulae. In this article the introduction formulae in Hebrews are researched in detail to determine the nature and content of the writer of Hebrews’ reference to the theme of God’s speech in his introduction formulae. Amongst other things it is determined that Hebrews has 38 direct quotations from the Old Testament, that with the exception of one

Kenya’s Grand Coalition Government – Another Obstacle to Urgent Constitutional Reform? Die Große Koalition in Kenia – ein weiteres Hindernis für die drängende Verfassungsreform?

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Henry Amadi

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Kenya’s Grand Coalition Government was formed in the aftermath of a serious post-electoral crisis including widespread violence. No political progress has been recorded; in striking contrast to all expectations for more moderation and consensual preparation of a constitutional reform. Based on secondary data from textbooks, newspapers, journals, and documents from both governmental and non-governmental organisations, the author finds that the continuing wrangles within the Grand Coalition Government, the fear of the debilitating effects of a constitutional referendum and the hard-line positions on the contentious issues pose a big threat to the achievement of a new constitution before the 2012 Elections. Die Große Koalition in Kenia wurde im Anschluss an eine heftige, gewaltsam ausgetragene Nachwahlkrise gebildet. Entgegen aller Erwartung, jetzt werde eine moderate und gemeinsam abgestimmte Vorbereitung der Verfassungsreform möglich, wurden keine politischen Fortschritte erzielt. Der Autor analysiert Sekundärdaten aus Monografien, Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenartikeln sowie Dokumenten von Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsorganisationen und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass der fortgesetzte Streit innerhalb der Koalitionsregierung, die Furcht vor den Unwegsamkeiten eines Verfassungsreferendums und die verhärteten Positionen zu den umstrittenen Fragen die Realisierung einer neuen Verfassung vor den Wahlen 2012 wenig wahrscheinlich machen.

Die begrafnisdíens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Num 20: 1; Jos 24: 30; Hand 5: 5 - 11). Selfs van die ... Gebruike rondom die begrafnis het van geslag tot geslag gewissel. De Vaux ... der geskied deur die hoorders 'te onderrig, te vermaan, te vertroos en te bestraf, soos dit in elke geval ..... gehandhaaf hoef te word, veral in die lig van die feit dat die predikant die kerklike.

Die Ontstaan en Ontwikkeling van die Pan-Afrikanisme en due implikasies daarvan

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A. J.H. van der Walt

1961-03-01

Full Text Available Dit was nie voor 1880 dat tropiese Afrika, dil is die grootste gedeelte van Wes-, Oos- en Midde-Afrika, deur ontdekkingsreisigers,handelaars en sendelinge tot so ’11 mate ontsluit is, dat dit in die vaarwater van die wêreldpolitiek geraak het nie. Lank voor hierdie tyd is natuurlik steunpunte aan die Wes-, Suid- en Ooskusdeur die Portugese en later die Nederlanders en Engelse eset ter wille van óf dieslawehandel en/óf as steunpunte op dielarig handelsweg na die ryke Ooste.

Aluminum extrusion with a deformable die

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Assaad, W.

2010-01-01

Aluminum extrusion process is one of metal forming processes. In aluminum extrusion, a work-piece (billet) is pressed through a die with an opening that closely resembles a desired shape of a profile. By this process, long profiles with an enormous variety of cross-sections can be produced to

The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria Die Boko-Haram-Unruhen und die Wiederbelebung des Islam in Nigeria

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Abimbola Adesoji

2010-01-01

Full Text Available From the 1980 Maitatsine uprising to the 2009 Boko Haram uprising, Nigeria was bedevilled by ethno-religious conflicts with devastating human and material losses. But the Boko Haram uprising of July 2009 was significant in that it not only set a precedent, but also reinforced the attempts by Islamic conservative elements at imposing a variant of Islamic religious ideology on a secular state. Whereas the religious sensitivity of Nigerians provided fertile ground for the breeding of the Boko Haram sect, the sect’s blossoming was also aided by the prevailing economic dislocation in Nigerian society, the advent of party politics (and the associated desperation of politicians for political power, and the ambivalence of some vocal Islamic leaders, who, though they did not actively embark on insurrection, either did nothing to stop it from fomenting, or only feebly condemned it. These internal factors coupled with growing Islamic fundamentalism around the world make a highly volatile Nigerian society prone to violence, as evidenced by the Boko Haram uprising. Given the approach of the Nigerian state to religious conflict, this violence may remain a recurring problem. This paper documents and analyses the Boko Haram uprising, as well as its links with the promotion of Islamic revivalism and the challenges it poses to the secularity of the Nigerian state. Vom Maitatsine-Aufstand 1980 bis zu den Boko-Haram-Unruhen 2009 hat die nigerianische Bevölkerung unter den verheerenden menschlichen und materiellen Kosten ethnisch-religiöser Konflikte gelitten. Die Boko-Haram-Unruhen (Juli 2009 markierten allerdings eine qualitative Veränderung, denn sie stellten einen Präzedenzfall dar und verstärkten Versuche konservativer Anhänger des Islam, im säkularen nigerianischen Staat Elemente islamischer Ideologie einzuführen. Angesichts der Empfänglichkeit der Nigerianer für religiöses Denken konnte sich die Boko-Haram-Sekte schnell ausbreiten, erleichtert

Design of Energy Aware Adder Circuits Considering Random Intra-Die Process Variations

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Marco Lanuzza

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Energy consumption is one of the main barriers to current high-performance designs. Moreover, the increased variability experienced in advanced process technologies implies further timing yield concerns and therefore intensifies this obstacle. Thus, proper techniques to achieve robust designs are a critical requirement for integrated circuit success. In this paper, the influence of intra-die random process variations is analyzed considering the particular case of the design of energy aware adder circuits. Five well known adder circuits were designed exploiting an industrial 45 nm static complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS standard cell library. The designed adders were comparatively evaluated under different energy constraints. As a main result, the performed analysis demonstrates that, for a given energy budget, simpler circuits (which are conventionally identified as low-energy slow architectures operating at higher power supply voltages can achieve a timing yield significantly better than more complex faster adders when used in low-power design with supply voltages lower than nominal.

Die toepassing van die K3-model op die televisieteks Colour TV

African Journals Online (AJOL)

“OIL's approach to investigating the coloured market took place in the form of ethnographic research which ... communication strategies” (Botha 2010: 14). ... Op grond van die waarnemings, onderhoude en vraelyste het OIL tot die volgende ..... hold onto your nearest and dearest because this is going to be a kwaai mix bag.

Anforderungen von Studierenden an e-Learning-Systeme und an die Gestaltung elektronischer Fallbeispiele [Student’s specifications of e-learning systems for case-based teaching

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von Müller, Lutz

2013-11-01

Full Text Available [english] Evolution of case-based teaching (CBT is influenced by student’s specifications and also by improvement of computer-based e-learning systems. In the present single center study of the University of Saarland Medical Center the medical students in the third year compared two case-based e-learning systems. CAMPUS-Classic-Player is an open system with almost unrestricted decision trees whereas the CAMPUS-Card-Player represents an educational structured e-learning platform. Learning from patients and also learning from students will be introduced as our pivotal principle for development of new e-learning strategies.A significantly better evaluation was found for the more structured CAMPUS-Card-Player with respect to profile, clarity, didactics, learning effects, and relevance for exam preparation. The student’s intentions for CBT were clearly focused on usability for preparation of future exams which can be better achieved by the help of more structured e-learning systems. The time to process and answer the cases was about for both players. We therefore propose that the time schedule for most users is limited per case irrespective of the complexity of decision trees, cases or e-learning systems. This remains to be mentioned for the design of future cases. [german] Die Weiterentwicklung von fallbasiertem Lernen wird durch die Anregungen der Studierenden („user“ und durch neue technische Entwicklungen und Möglichkeiten von e-Learning-Systemen bestimmt. In dieser prospektiven monozentrischen Studie am Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes wurde von Studierenden des 1. und 2. klinischen Semesters Medizin eine offene (CAMPUS-Classic-Player und ein strukturierte e-Learning-Plattform (CAMPUS-Card-Player für die Darstellung elektronischer Fallbeispiele verglichen und bewertet. Signifikant besser evaluiert wurde der CAMPUS-Card-Player in Bezug auf Form, Übersichtlichkeit, Zusatzmaterialien, Didaktik, Lerneffekt, Prüfungsrelevanz und

Vanaf die Fermat-punte na die De Villiers-punte van ’n driehoek

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Michael de Villiers

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel beskryf die ontdekking van die sogenaamde De Villiers-punte van ’n driehoek die bewyse wat betrokke is, en trek die historiese oorsprong terug na die Fermat-punte van ’n driehoek, die swaartepunt van ’n driehoek, en ’n nuttige veralgemening van die Fermat-punte van ’n driehoek.

Die uitbeelding van die vrou in Huisgenoot (1963 en 2013: ’n Multimodale diskoersanalise

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Susann H. Marais

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Die standpunt dat die mens en die media in ’n verhouding van wedersydse beïnvloeding staan, sowel as die studie wat die kulturele konseptualisering van vroulikheid in twee Huisgenoot-uitgawes (1953 en 2003 ondersoek, geld as uitgangspunt vir dié studie. Hierdie studie het ten doel om te bepaal of daar ’n verskil is in die uitbeelding van die vrou in die Huisgenoot uitgawes van onderskeidelik 1963 en 2013. Volgens navorsing werk die visuele beeld en geskrewe teks saam om ’n boodskap oor te dra. Multimodale diskoersanalise (MDA word juis gebruik om beide visuele beeld en geskrewe teks te bestudeer. Sodoende word die metode van intersemiotiese komplementariteit binne MDA in hierdie studie gebruik. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die uitbeelding van die ideale vrou se verantwoordelikhede uitgebrei is, maar dat die vrou se rol tóg tot sekere ruimtes beperk word, soos die sigbaarheid van die moeder-stereotipe weerspieël.

Die Face Engineering based Springback Compensation Strategy and Implementation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Arthur; Lee Wing; He, Jeanne; Xu Jinbo; Liu Kesu; Chen Chinchun

2005-01-01

Springback or shape change has been one of the major challenges in sheet metal fabrication, particularly with increase application of high strength steel (HSS) and aluminum alloys in automotive stamping. Springback, an elastic material recovery after the unloading of stamping tools, causes variations and inconsistencies of final part dimensions. Minor or mild springback usually can be corrected in the re-strike process. Excessive springback must be corrected so the part will be produced within the given design tolerance and dimension. The commonly used Spring Forward approaches and shape compensations such as over-crown and over-bending are proven effective to alleviate excessive springback. To enhance these approaches, a new strategy of Die Face Engineering (DFE) based processing is proposed to quickly and easily to achieve the maximum allowable compensation using the under cut (or die lock) as the primary criteria. The implementation of the die face compensation through iterative FEA calculation, automatic surface mapping, projection and manual morphing are crucial to meet production environment requirements in terms of generating NC quality CAD surfaces of the compensated or morphed die face. In this paper, the strategy of the die face compensation with the consideration of the under cut criteria is presented. The implementation of various processes to enable user to perform the die face compensation task in a production environment is also discussed. Finally, two examples are shown to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed springback compensation scheme based on the combined CAE/CAD methodology

Die Dependenzgrammatik von Tesnière uno die neue slowenische Syntax

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Breda Pogorelec

1994-12-01

Full Text Available In der Enzyklopädie der slowenischen Sprache (Toporišič 1992: 159 wird die Dependenzgrammatik unter besonderem Stichwort erklärt, in dem diese Grammatik zuerst als "eine Grammatik, die vor allem die Dependenzrelationen im Satz untersucht", definiert wird. Dann werden laut Lucien Tesnière im Satz Reza poje drei Elemente dargestellt: Reza, poje + die Verbindung dazwischen und dann werden drei Stufen des Graphs mit dem Verb als "dem Element, das die Ganzheit zusammenhält" erklärt; außerdem wird gesagt, daß die Koordination gemäß dieser Theorie durch die entsprechende Konjunktion ausgedrückt wird (aus dem graphischen Schema ist ersichtlich, daß dabei die Satzteilkoordination gemeint ist: pojeta -Tine -in -Tone. Im Kommentar wird hinzugefügt, daß auch "unsere" (= moderne slowenische Satzanalyse so aussieht, d. i. sie fängt mit dem Prädikat an, dann fragt man nach folgenden drei Hauptsatzteilen (Subjekt, Objekt, adverbiellen Prädikatbestimmungen, dann nach Attributen und deren Bestimmungen. Es wird die Methode des Unterstreichens von Satzteilen dargestellt, außerdem wird auf mehrere Arten der Dependenzgrammatik und auf verschiedene graphische Bezeichnungen der sprachlichen Erscheinungen aufgrund dieser Methode hingewiesen. -Im demselben Werk werden unter dem Stichwort translativ (Toporišič 1992: 331 zwei Bedeutungen gezeigt, von denen die erste auf einen entfernten Zusammenhang mit der Theorie von Tesnière hinweist, obwohl diese nicht erwähnt ist, lediglich bei der Definition selbst, nicht aber bei den Beispielen; translativ ist nach dieser Enzyklopädie "was aus einem Zustand in den anderen übertragen wird". Aber aus den Beispielen kann man sehen, das geht es um die Translation und nicht um Translativ als Instrument dieser Translation.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie? “The Criminal Woman”—A “Practice Case” for the Anomy Theory

OpenAIRE

Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-01-01

Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223). Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur) insofern eine Rolle, als der ...

Die Starter: A New System to Manage Early Feasibility in Sheet Metal Forming

Science.gov (United States)

Narainen, Rodrigue; Porzner, Harald

2016-08-01

Die Starter, a new system developed by ESI Group, allows the user to drastically reduce the number of iterations during the early tool process feasibility. This innovative system automatically designs the first quick die face, generating binder and addendum surfaces (NURBS surfaces) by taking account the full die process. Die Starter also improves the initial die face based on feasibility criteria (avoiding splits, wrinkles) by automatically generating the geometrical modifications of the binder and addendum and the bead restraining forces with minimal material usage. This paper presents a description of the new system and the methodology of Die Starter. Some industrial examples are presented from the part geometry to final die face including automatic developed flanges, part on binder and inner binder.

Ruimtelike beplanning: die rol van die stads - en streeksbeplanner ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ruimtelike beplanning: die rol van die stads - en streeksbeplanner in die saw. R Erasmus. Abstract. Since 1978 regional and town planners are employed in the SADF on a permanent basis as well as in the capacity of national service men. These men are all academically qualified and as such satisfy a need that developed ...

Bevordering van transformerende leer: Die skryf van ’n reflektiewe joernaal in die Natuurwetenskappe

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Erna R. du Toit

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Die doel van die artikel is om aan te toon hoe die skryf van ’n reflektiewe joernaal in die Natuurwetenskappe die perspektiewe en denke van onderwysstudente kan transformeer en/of leer kan bevorder. Die studie maak voorspraak vir die gebruik van ’n reflektiewe joernaal as ’n instrument vir studente om betekenis te gee aan die leeromgewing vanuit verskillende perspektiewe deur te leer in praktyk. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg om die inskrywings in ’n joernaal te analiseer aan die hand van bepaalde indikatore. Die bevindinge toon dat die meeste studente na die praktykervaring positief was en sommiges het tot ander perspektiewe vanweë hul ervaring gekom.

Die impak van die verbond op 'n paradigma vir pastoraat: research ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die verbond het 'n meer omvattende impak op pastorale sorg as ander paradigmas. Genoemde stelling word in hierdie artikel beredeneer. Daar word aangetoon dat die inhoud wat aan die gelowige gekommunikeer word, asook die tegnieke wat gebruik word, deur 'n verbondmatige paradigma vir pastorale sorg be?nvloed ...

Die berekening van vloeiing in ’n roterende annulus deur die metode van kunsmatige saamdrukbaarheid

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H. Grobler

1987-03-01

Full Text Available Die vloeiing van ’n onsaamdrukbare, viskeuse vloeier word ondersoek aan die hand van die numeriese oplossing van die gediskretiseerde Navier-Stokes- en kontinuiteitsbeheervergelykings. In die besonder word vloeiing in ’n annulus bestaande uit twee koaksiale silinders wat elk ten opsigte van die ander kan roteer, en met ’n voorgeskrewe drukval oor die lengte van die silinder, beskou. Die oplossings word bereken deur die toepassing van Chorin se metode van kunsmatige saamdrukbaarheid, waarin die tydonafhanklike beheervergelykings getransformeer word na tydafhanklike hulpvergelykings deur die invoering van ’n kunsmatige toestandsvergelyking. Die oplossing van die hulpvergelykings konvergeer na ’n stasionêre oplossing, wat ooreenstem met die oplossing van die oorspronklike tydonafhanklike beheervergelykings. Die gedrag van die vloeier, wanneer ten voile ontwikkelde laminêre vloeiing bereik word, is met sukses bereken. ’n Eenvoudige model vir die bepaling van ontwikkeling van vloeiing langs die annulus vir enige gegewe invloeisnelheidsprofiel word voorgestel. Die berekende resultate stem ooreen met die resultate wat uit die fisika van die probleem verwag word.

Die Eerste Verhoudinge Tussen Boer en Brit.

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D. H. Cilliers

1951-03-01

Full Text Available Mens hoor deesdae, veral van Engelse kant, weer heelwat omtrent die „gevoel,” „rassehaat” e.s.m. wat daar dan tussen Afrikaans- en Engelssprekendes sou bestaan. Nou wil ek sommer dadelik sê dat dit een van dié oordrewe en gevaarlike algemeenhede is wat maklik is om te beweer maar wat gewoonlik op onkunde en/of kwaadwilligheid berusen meestal ook nie bewys kan word nie, iets wat dikwels sommer uit die lug gegryp is en hoofsaaklik op papier bestaan—in Engels sou ek met’n woordspeling wou sê: „On paper, more specifically, in the Englishpapers.”

Skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe – beoordeel vanuit die gereformeerde teologie

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Carel Coetzee

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel ondersoek die aard en omvang van skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe binne die Suid-Afrikaanse teologie. Spesifieke klem word op die konsekwensies gelê wat skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe vir die kernleerstukke van die Christelike geloof inhou. Verdere konsekwensies raak die hart van die individu se daaglikse geloofslewe en die praktyk van die kerk. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, word enkele skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe kortliks gestel. Standpuntstelling word deur ’n beoordeling van elke standpunt vanuit ’n skrifverantwoorde teologie gevolg. Die standpunt word gestel dat skrifkritiese teoloë dikwels die ryke betekenis van Christus se opstanding ontken of onderbeklemtoon. Die navorsing vir hierdie artikel het verder getoon dat skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe verreikende negatiewe konsekwensies vir ’n skrifverantwoorde teologie inhou. Die gevolgtrekking is dat skrifkritiese opstandingsperspektiewe onversoenbaar met die tradisioneel-reformatoriese leer van die Christologie is. This article investigates the nature and extent of scripture-critical views of the resurrectioni n the context of South African theology. Special attention is given to the consequences that a scripture-critical view of the resurrection has on the core doctrines of reformed theology. Further consequences also affect the day-to-day faith of believers and the mission and effectiveness of the church. In order to conclude this investigation a number of scripturecritical views of the resurrection are critically investigated and evaluated from the perspective of the paradigm of reformed Dogmatics. Research has proven that scripture-critical scholars of theology displace or undervalue the impactful meaning of Christ’s resurrection. Scripturecritical views of the resurrection have numerous negative consequences for the traditional doctrines of reformed theology. This article has determined that a scripture-critical view of the

Etíese perspektiewe vir die bantering van konflik in die mediese ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

mits versagtende omstandighede nie aangevoer kan word nie. Die howe oefen dan ook alleen sy regterlike funksie uit oor 'n konkrete geskil wat van daadwerklike belang vir die werklike partye is (Strauss 1982:14). Die hof laat hom lei deur die maatstaf van goeie sedes, die boni mores. Regter Mostert se verduideliking in ...

'n Verkenning van die soorte vennootskappe in die Amerikaanse reg ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die Amerikaanse literatuur word talle verwysings gevind na die vennootskap in mynbou ("mining partnership"), familievennootskap ("family partnership", vennootskap in vaste eiendom ("partnership in real estate") en vennootskap vir boerdery ("farming partnership"). Hierdie onderskeiding is primer gebaseer op die tipe ...

Riglyne vir ‘n omvattende verrykingsprogram vir die bevordering van die geestesgesondheid

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Antoinette Gmeiner

1997-12-01

Full Text Available In Suid-Afrika, met die snelle veranderinge in die politiek, ekonomie, lewenstyl en tegnologiese vooruitgang, gepaard met die geweld tans in die land, is die lewenskwaliteit van mense so bemvloed dat produktiwiteit en gedrag benadeel is. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit

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F. G. de Kock

1995-06-01

Full Text Available The effect of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. These constructs were selected by virtue of their importance in the literature, as well as the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship which exists between them. The Human Sciences Research Council's (HSRC General Scholastic Aptitude Test (ASAT was used for measuring intelligence, Duttweiler's Internal Control Index (ICI was used for determining locus of control and the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM was used as a criterion for coping with task complexity. These instruments were administered to 292 subjects to determine whether the relationship between locus of control and task complexity was effected when the effect of intelligence was controlled. The results indicated a significant relationship between locus of control and task complexity, however the relationship was no longer significant after the effect of intelligence was controlled. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taak-kompleksiteit te ondersoek. Hierdie konstrukte is gekies na aanleiding van hulle belangrikheid in die literatuur asook die leemte in empiric se navorsing rakende die veronderstelde verband wat tussen hulle bestaan. Die Algemene Skolastiese Aanlegtoets (ASAT van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing (RGN is gebruik vir die meting van intelligensie, die Internal Control Index (ICI van Duttweiler is gebruik vir die meting van lokus van kontrole en die Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM van Raven is gebruik as maatstaf vir die bantering van taakkompleksiteit. Die genoemde meetinstrumente is op 292 proefpersone toegepas om te bepaal of die verband tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit geaffekteer word wanneer daar vir die effek

Influence of refining process on the porosity of high pressure die casting alloy Al-Si

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A.W. Orlowicz

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This study presents research results of the influence that refining and transfer of AlSi12S alloy on the porosity of high pressure diecastings.Tests were conducted under production conditions of Die-casting Foundry META-ZEL Sp z o.o. The operation of refining was conducted in a melting furnace, with the use of an FDU Mini Degasser. Decay of the refining effect was assessed by evaluating the porosity content and metallographic examination.

Die invloed van ‘n intensiewe opleidingsprogram op die Kardio Stres-indeks

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Tammy Claassen

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Mense ondervind baie stressors in hul alledaagse lewe, wat ‘n groot uitwerking het op daagliksefunksionering. Kardio Stres-indeks (KSI is ‘n nie-indringende mate van die stres wat die hartervaar. KSI (uitgedruk as ‘n persentasie berekeninge word gebaseer op die duur van die QRSkompleks, hart tempo, ritme en standaardafwyking van die RR-interval (RRSD spesifieke parameters.

The Transformation Process in Nurses Caring for Dying Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Ching-Chi; Chen, Jih-Yuan; Chiang, Hsien-Hsien

2016-06-01

Despite the recent increase in attention to end-of-life hospice care, little empirical evidence regarding the process of emotional or mental transformation in caregivers is available. This study explores the transformative process that occurs in nurses because of the spiritual suffering and conflict associated with after caring for dying patients. A phenomenological approach was used to investigate eight nurses (27-40 years old) working in the hospice ward of a medical center in Taipei. Data were collected through open-ended questions using semistructured interviews and were analyzed reflectively. A three-stage transformation in the emotional processes of participants was observed. In the first stage, the participants experienced acute emotional suffering because of facing the death of their patients, potentially exacerbated by their own memories of losing family members. In the second stage, the participants adopted coping strategies to improve self-care. These strategies included attempting to soothe patients, helping patients face or deal with unfulfilled business, and participating in funeral or memorial services. In the third stage, the participants learned to provide better care through emancipatory reflection and a reassertion of responsibilities toward the self, patients, and patient families. After the third stage, the initial emotional impact morphed into a medium for self-strengthening, and participants became more adept at detecting patient needs and at providing care to complete the transformational process fully. Emotional suffering was the primary factor that induced participants to transform their personal and professional selves. Adequate emotional self-management, dialogue with other nurses, and personal reflection are crucial actions that nurses may use to cultivate personal growth, implement ethical practice, interact with other nurses, and engage in personal reflection. Strategies such as caring for patients, implementing reflective nursing

Verskuiwing in die moraal?

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S.P. van der Walt

1974-03-01

Full Text Available Modewoorde het ons deesdae oorgenoeg in die Christelike sedeleer en hulle kan nogal verwarring stig. U moet my vergun om met u te spreek oor een so ’n modewoord nl „verskuiwing’’ in die moraal. Dis nogal ’n mooi woord, wat so dikwels gebruik word op baie terreine en tog meer wil aandui as maar net ’n veranderde sienswyse, ’n wysiging in opvattinge of nuwe riglyne wat al gangbaar geword het in die praktyk. Die begrip wil eintlik die ewolusionêre gang beklemtoon, want dit is dan eintlik net die ou norme wat effens anders bekyk word of nie meer so nou geneem of dik onderstreep word nie. Die verskuiwing beteken dan dat alles nog dieselfde bly, net die posisie of plek het verander. Verskuiwing beteken tog plekverandering of plekwisseling en dan sekerlik nie in die sin dat die plekke ver uitmekaar lê nie. Verskuiwing beteken net maar vlak langs die vorige te staan kom. As dit dan ’n beter plek is, is dit ewolusie, ontwikkeling, verbetering.

Die bantering van daar-interferensie in die Duits van Afrikaansmoedertaliges

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Emerencia C. Steyn

2013-02-01

Full Text Available A comparison of sentence constructions in the soundtracks (simulcast of some television programmes indicates a general lack of a German equivalent for the multiple use of the A.frikaans daar. This naturally results in interference in the usage of German by A.frikaans speaking students, as they are inclined to construct their German sentences in accordance with the A.frikaans equivalents. This problem is mainly illustrated in either the erroneous use of a da or an inappropriate es gibt. Various exercises are submitted, aimed at obviating such errors of interference which are mainly noticeable in the spoken ·language. Soos blyk uit 'n vergelyking van segslryses in die parallelle klankbane van enkele televisieprogramme, het die veelvuldige gebruik van die Afrikaanse woord daar gewoonlik geen ekwivalensie in Duits nie. Dit lei maklik tot interferensie in die Duits van Afrikaansmoedertalige studente, omdat hulle daartoe neig om hul Duitse sinne soos die in A.frikaans te konstrueer. Hierdie probleem word hoofsaaklik in die foutiewe gebruik van da geopenbaar; soms egter ook in 'n misplaaste es gibt. Verskeie oefeninge word aan die hand gedoen om sulke interferensiefoute, wat vera! in m(mdelinge werk opduik, te bekamp.

Die faktorstruktuur van Bass se veelfaktor- leierskapsvraelys in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks

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C .P. Ackermann

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The factor structure of Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire in the South African context. The aim of the study was to determine whether the factor structure of Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ, as a measure of transformational leadership, could be replicated within the South African context. The MLQ was chosen not only because it promised to be a valid and reliable measuring instrument of the construct in question, but also due to the fact that there was an urgent need for such an instrument in the management of human resources within organisations undergoing transformation. The MLQ was administered to 406 subjects within the military context and was subjected to factor analysis and item analysis. The factor analysis yielded three factors, namely transformational leadership, transactional leadership and avoidance of leadership ("laissez faire" leadership. The reliabilities of the scales were determined by means of Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and yielded coefficients of 0,944, 0,736 and 0,803 respectively. The factor structure as conceptualised by Bass (1985 was largely confirmed in the present study. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel of die faktorstruktuur van die Veelfaktorleierskapsvraelys (MLQ van Bass, as maatstafvan transformasionele leierskap, in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks gerepliseer kon word. Die MLQ is gekies omdat dit belofte inhou as n geldige en betroubare meetinstrument van die onderhawige konstruk, en ook weens die feit dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan aan so n instrument vir gebruik in die bestuur van menslike hulpbronne in organisasies tydens verandering. Die MLQ is op 406 proefpersone binne militêre konteks toegepas, en aan n faktorontleding en n itemontleding onderwerp. Die faktorontleding het drie faktore opgelewer, te wete transformasionele leierskap, transaksionele leierskap en vermyding van leierskap ("laissez faire"-leierskap. Die betroubaarheid van die skale is bepaal

Ek wil hier graag van die geleentheid gebruik maak am die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

die wildlewe am van die jagters nie eers mel- ding te maak nie en in Lucas se werk kan hulle ure van genot deurbring. Wat ons veral in Lucas se publikasie interes- seer is sy deelname aan die agste grensoor~' log (1850-1853), sy aantekeninge in verband met die slag by Berea (20 Oesember 1852) en sy indrukke van ...

Die radio in Afrika

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. de Villiers

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Omvang van radio-uitsendings in en na Afrika. — Redes vir die versnelde tempo van uitbreiding. — Radio as die geskikste massa-kommunikasiemiddel vir Afrika. — Faktore wat die verspreiding bemoeilik. — Skouspelagtige toename in luistertalle.Toe Plinius, wat in die jaar 79 oorlede is, in sy „Historia Naturalis” verklaar het dat daar altyd iets nuuts uit Afrika afkomstig is, kon hy nouliks voorsien het dat die „iets" negentien eeue later in die lug sou setel wat hierdie reuse-vasteland oorspan — ’n Babelse spraakverwarring en ’n ongekende, verbete woorde-oorlog in die etergolwe, onder meer daarop bereken om die harte en hoofde van derduisendes te verower.

Defining the Nation: National Identity in South Sudanese Media Discourse Eine Nation definieren: Die nationale Identität im südsudanesischen Mediendiskurs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ole Frahm

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines debates about national identity in the media landscape of post-referendum and post-independence South Sudan. Having never existed as a sovereign state and with its citizens being a minority group in Sudan, collective action among South Sudanese has historically been shaped in response to external pressures: in particular, the aggressive nation-building pursued by successive Khartoum governments that sought to Arabize and Islamize the South. Today, in the absence of a clear-cut enemy, it is a major challenge for South Sudan to devise a common identity that unites the putative nation beyond competing loyalties to ethnicity, tribe and family. Analysing opinion pieces from South Sudanese online media and placing them in the context of contemporary African nationalism, this article gives an initial overview of the issues that dominate the public debate on national identity: fear of tribalism and regionalism, commemoration of the liberation struggle, language politics, and the role of Christianity.Dieser Artikel widmet sich den Debatten, die in südsudanesischen Medien von der Nachreferendumszeit bis einige Monate nach der Unabhängigkeit über die nationale Identität geführt wurden. Der Südsudan hatte nie als souveräner Staat existiert und innerhalb des Sudan hatten die Südsudanesen eine Minderheit gebildet. In der Geschichte war gemeinschaftliches Handeln der Südsudanesen in erster Linie als Reaktion auf Druck von außen in Erscheinung getreten, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Arabisierungs- und Islamisierungsbestrebungen von Regierungen in Khartum. Heute fehlt ein eindeutiges Feindbild. Daher ist der Entwurf einer gemeinsamen Identität, die das Land über konkurrierende Loyalitäten zu Stamm, Ethnie oder Familie hinweg zu einen vermag, eine große Herausforderung für den Südsudan. Auf der Grundlage von Meinungsäußerungen in südsudanesischen Online-Zeitungen, die er zum „neuen“ afrikanischen

Die Leben Einsteins eine Reise durch die Geschichte der Physik

CERN Document Server

Fiami

2005-01-01

Jeder kennt die Namen Einstein, Newton oder Galilei. aber was weiss man über sie? Hier ein Porträt Einsteins anhand von sechs Meilensteinen aus der Geschichte der Physik. Einstein tritt auf als Protagonist in verschiedenen Epochen und bei verschiedenen Entdeckungen, die die Welt verändert haben.

1 dae vol spanning in 1895-1896: die jameson-inval. pretoria bedreig

African Journals Online (AJOL)

by Ottoshoop, gevolg deur 'n telegram dat 800 man onder dr. L. S. Jameson ver- moedelik na Johannesburg opruk, ~nsy besit gekry. Daarna is, van militere kant, teenmaatreels getref wat, op 2 Januarie 1896, tot die oorgawe van die invallers op die plaas Vlakfontein, naby Doornkop, gelei het. Na die oorgawe het dr.

Die Ukraine-Krise und kritische Fragen an die EU-Erweiterungspolitik

OpenAIRE

Lippert, Barbara

2014-01-01

Die Ukraine-Krise konfrontiert die EU mit kritischen Fragen zu ihrer Erweiterungs-politik. Muss sie nach der Osterweiterung 2004/07 und dem gerade erst begonnenen Einzug der Westbalkan-Staaten nun mit Osteuropa für die übernächste Erweiterungs-runde rechnen? Sollte sie sich gar alsbald politisch verpflichten, interessierte und beitrittsfähige osteuropäische Länder eines Tages aufzunehmen? Wie jetzt auch viel-fach von EU-Akteuren geäußert, wäre dies voreilig: Denn in der konfliktgeladenen und ...

Die waarde van voorafopleiding deur die ouer vir pedo-oudiometrie by drie- en vierjarige kleuters

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Merisa Lodewyckx

1981-11-01

Full Text Available Die verkryging van akkurate, betroubare inligting aangaande die gehoorvermoë van jong kinders is van besondere belang vir die oudioloog, maar word dikwels bemoeilik aangesien die kleuter nie goeie samewerking bied in die vreemde pedo-oudiometriese situasie nie. Die oplossing hiervoor is grootliks geleë in die opleiding van die kind voor formele  gehoortoetsing en meer spesifiek  opleiding tuis deur die ouer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n voorbereidende program op te stel wat die ouer tuis met die kind kan uitvoer, voordat formele  toetsing plaasvind. Die waarde en effek van hierdie program in die pedo-oudiometriese situasie is geevalueer by 'n groep drie- en vierjarige kleuters. Resultate dui daarop dat laer en meer akkurate drempels, 'n korter toetstydperk, verminderde angs en beter samewerking verkry is by die kleuters wat vooraf  opleiding ontvang het. Die opleidingsprogram kan dus in die kliniese praktyk benut word as voorafopleiding  vir pedo-oudiometrie.

Annealing of chromium oxycarbide coatings deposited by plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) for aluminum die casting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peters, A.M.; He, X.M.; Trkula, M.; Nastasi, M.

2001-01-01

Chromium oxycarbide coatings have been investigated for use as non-wetting coatings for aluminum die casting. This paper examines Cr-C-O coating stability and non-wetability at elevated temperatures for extended periods. Coatings were deposited onto 304 stainless steel from chromium carbonyl [Cr(CO) 6 ] by plasma immersion ion processing. The coatings were annealed in air at an aluminum die casting temperature of 700 deg. C up to 8 h. Coatings were analyzed using resonant ion backscattering spectroscopy, nanoindentation and pin-on-disk tribometry. Molten aluminum was used to determine coating wetting and contact angle. Results indicate that the surface oxide layer reaches a maximum thickness of 900 nm. Oxygen concentrations in the coatings increased from 24% to 34%, while the surface concentration rose to almost 45%. Hardness values ranged from 22.1 to 6.7 GPa, wear coefficients ranged from 21 to 8x10 -6 mm 3 /Nm and contact angles ranged from 156 deg. to 127 deg

Varswateralge en die ekonomie

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W. E. Scott

1988-03-01

Full Text Available Die artikel bespreek die ekonomiese belong wat varswateralge alreeds het en hul moontlike verdere ontginning in die toekoms. Sowel gewenste as ongewenste aspekte word oorweeg en hoofsaaklik met voorbeelde uit Suid-Afrika geïllustreer. Die oormatige ontwikkeling van ongewenste alge in varswater verlaag die watergehalte dear verskeie chemiese veranderinge, wat kan wissel van smake en geure tot die produksie van verbindings wat gesondheidsgevare vir mens of dier inhou. Verwydering van ongewenste alge dra aansienlik by tot die koste van waterbehandeling. Oormatige alggroei belemmer ontspanningsgebruike en kan eiendomswaardes langs rivier- en damoewers beïnvloed.

Open Knowledge Maps: Creating a Visual Interface to the World’s Scientific Knowledge Based on Natural Language Processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Kraker

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The goal of Open Knowledge Maps is to create a visual interface to the world’s scientific knowledge. The base for this visual interface consists of so-called knowledge maps, which enable the exploration of existing knowledge and the discovery of new knowledge. Our open source knowledge mapping software applies a mixture of summarization techniques and similarity measures on article metadata, which are iteratively chained together. After processing, the representation is saved in a database for use in a web visualization. In the future, we want to create a space for collective knowledge mapping that brings together individuals and communities involved in exploration and discovery. We want to enable people to guide each other in their discovery by collaboratively annotating and modifying the automatically created maps. Das Ziel von Open Knowledge Map ist es, ein visuelles Interface zum wissenschaftlichen Wissen der Welt bereitzustellen. Die Basis für die dieses Interface sind sogenannte “knowledge maps”, zu deutsch Wissenslandkarten. Wissenslandkarten ermöglichen die Exploration bestehenden Wissens und die Entdeckung neuen Wissens. Unsere Open Source Software wendet für die Erstellung der Wissenslandkarten eine Reihe von Text Mining Verfahren iterativ auf die Metadaten wissenschaftlicher Artikel an. Die daraus resultierende Repräsentation wird in einer Datenbank für die Anzeige in einer Web-Visualisierung abgespeichert. In Zukunft wollen wir einen Raum für das kollektive Erstellen von Wissenslandkarten schaffen, der die Personen und Communities, welche sich mit der Exploration und Entdeckung wissenschaftlichen Wissens beschäftigen, zusammenbringt. Wir wollen es den NutzerInnen ermöglichen, einander in der Literatursuche durch kollaboratives Annotieren und Modifizieren von automatisch erstellten Wissenslandkarten zu unterstützen.

Die verhaal as mitiese vraagstelling: die verhaalkuns van Henriette Grové

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Heilna du Plooy

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Story as mythical questioning: The narrative art of Henriette GrovéHenriette Grove's stories are mostly concerned with the nature and meaning of human experience, especially human suffering. In this article an effort is made to characterize these stories, indicating the relation between the stories and a way of thinking that is primarily concerned with metaphysical, mythical and religious issues. Texts like In die kamer was ’n kas and Die kêrel van die Pêrel and some short stories are examined to find indications of the underlying vision of man from which the stories generate. Special attention will be given to focalization in the stories, indicating the need to extend the meaning and use of the term so that textual as well as extratextual modal relations can be described. These relations may provide an indication of the vision of man which is favoured by the “abstract author" and which in this case seems to encompass much more than mere ideological thought patterns. Grové's stories posit questions which, being mythical questions, can only be answered in a religious manner. The stories do not provide solutions to the problematic nature o f experience and suffering, but insist on asking the type of questions with which religion concerns itself.

DIE GESKIEDENIS VAN AFDELING LOGISTIEK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1 Aug 1978 ... dan ook aangebied, Agv die probleem wat ont- staan het met die gebrek aan goedgekeurde poste vir die Afdeling en as gevolg van die ver- wagte vertraging met die ondersoek van die. DOS-span, het die Afdeling Logistiek en Afde- ling Personeel oorleg gepleeg en laasgenoemde het ingestem dat die ...

The new X-ray ordinance: what's new?; Was bringt die neue Roentgenverordnung?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reichow, H. [Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)

2000-07-01

The augmented requirements for the minimisation of the radiation dose in medical exposure and the experiences gained from the implementation of the ordinance in force call for more extensive measures for reducing radiation, for quality assurance and expertise in radiological protection. In future physicians, dentists, veterinarians and other people using X-rays will have to bring their necessary expert knowledge regarding radiological protection up to date at regular intervals, and prove that they have done so. To protect the public against radiation exposure from targeted use, the limit value of the effective dose is reduced to 1 mSv in the calendar year. The dose level for the protection of people professionally exposed to radiation is reduced to 20 mSv. The further development of information technology and digital imaging demands that appropriate framework conditions be laid down in response to the changing requirements for radiation protection such as those in telemedicine and in digital recording and documentation possibilities in radiology. The draft further clarifies the distinction between the Radiological Protection Ordinance and the X-Ray Ordinance in relation to accelerators, in which electrons are accelerated with the aim of producing ionizing radiation, and reduces the limit energy from 3 MeV to 1 MeV. It is discussed to remove the X-ray therapy from the X-ray Ordinance and to insert it into the Radiological Protection Ordinance, in order to conform to the higher protection requirements in X-ray therapy. (orig.) [German] Die erhoehten Anforderungen an die Minimierung der Strahlendosis bei medizinischer Exposition und die mit der Durchfuehrung der geltenden Verordnung gewonnenen Erfahrungen erfordern weiterreichende Massnahmen zur Strahlenreduktion, der Qualitaetssicherung und der Fachkunde im Strahlenschutz. Aerzte, Zahnaerzte, Tieraerzte und andere Roentgenstrahlung anwendende Personen muessen kuenftig die fuer den Strahlenschutz erforderliche

ézráh, in die Afrikaanse Bybelvertaling meestal weerg

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

sich erst ausbilden, als Israel in Palástina als Herr auf eignem Grund und. Boden sass5). Hierdie anachronisme blyk ewe-eens uit vs. 17 waar daar staan—want op daardie selfde dag het ek julle leërs uit Egipteland uitgelei. Die perfectum hósë' ti word deur die LXX weggewerk wat met die futurum exaxö weergegee word.

Die begrafnisdíens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(De Vaux 1961:108). Was die begrafnis 'n familie of 'n kerklike aangeleentheid? Hierdie vraag word nie in die Bybel beantwoord nie. Abraham het sy vrou begrawe (Gen 23: 19-. 20). Isak en Ismael ..... ver gekom om die begrafnis 'n kerklike aangeleentheid te maak nie. Hierdie stap .... trou aan die sorg van God. * Die kerk ...

Cu/sub x/S-CdS thin film solar cells - aftertreatment and stability. Cu/sub x/S-CdS Duennschicht-Solarzellen - Untersuchungen ueber die Nachbehandlung und die Stabilitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfisterer, F

1987-02-19

The performance of Cu/sub x/S-CdS thin film solar cells can be improved significantly by a secondary treatment of the Cu layer. The physical mechanisms underlying the aftertreatment process were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A historical review is followed by an outline of the technology and theory of these solar cells (material properties, process engineering, photovoltaic properties) and a description of Cu aftertreatment and H glowing (experimental set-up, surface potential shift, electron beam scanning). Capacity measurements in this type of thin film cell are described (space charge profile, electrolytic decomposition, copper depletion between the contact web). Aftertreatment of the copper layer enhances the solar cell efficiency, stability, and productivity, makes the immersion process less tedious, and corrects the stoichiometry. (HWJ).

het om die Woord van God aan die gemeente te bedien. A. D. P ont ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Sizoo vertel met die vlotheid van die ervare skrywer en die ver antwoordelikheid van die wetenskaplike ... Maar in stiptelike trou aan die feitelikheid, verlaat die skrywer hom uitsluitlik op die outentieke bronne om ... de leser; in sy rykdom van gegewens en wetenskaplike betroubaarheid kan dit met vrug gelees word deur die ...

Hermeneutiese perspektiewe op geweld in die Nuwe Testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

die Nuwe Testament sterk onder die loep gekom het.6 Collins (1983:729) het .... byvoorbeeld (Pippin 2005:144), “The Christian Apocalypse of John is limited ..... Jewishness, as in Matthew or Revelation (or Paul in Galatians 1), or ..... 22 Johnson (1999:s l) het tereg uitgewys dat “the Bible may be dealing with experiences of ...

Professionalisme met verwysing na die posisie van bedryfsielkunde en die bedryfsielkundige in Suid-Afrika

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. van der Merwe

1981-11-01

Bedryfsielkunde, as relatief jong maar snelgroeiende wetenskap, word aan die hand van ses kriteria vir 'n professie evalueer. Resultate in hierdie verband dui in die algemeen daarop dat die vakgebied alreeds vir 'n aantal jare in 'n oorgangsfase tot ‘n volwaardige professie is en dat daar in hierdie proses reeds ver op die professionele kontinuum gevorder is. Verdere onder-soeke ten opsigte van professionele opleiding, die statutêre organisering van Bedryfsielkunde asook 'n professionele kode en vereniging vir die Bedryfsielkunde word bepleit ten einde die professionele posisie van die vakgebied volledig te konsolideer.

No Negative Impact of Palliative Sedation on Relatives’ Experience of the Dying Phase and Their Wellbeing after the Patient’s Death: An Observational Study

Science.gov (United States)

van der Lee, M. L.; Vergouwe, Y.

2016-01-01

Background Palliative sedation is the widely-used intervention of administering sedating agents to induce a state of unconsciousness to take away a dying patient’s perception of otherwise irrelievable symptoms. However, it remains questionable whether this ethically complex intervention is beneficial for patients and whether the associated lack of communication in the last phase of life has a negative impact on relatives’ wellbeing. Methods An observational questionnaire study was conducted among relatives of a consecutive sample of patients who died a non-sudden death in the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute or in the hospice ‘Laurens Cadenza’ (both in Rotterdam) between 2010 and 2013. Results Relatives filled in questionnaires regarding 151 patients who had been sedated and 90 patients who had not been sedated. The median time since all patients had passed away was 21 (IQR 14–32) months. No significant differences were found in relatives´ assessments of the quality of end-of-life care, patients´ quality of life in the last week before death and their quality of dying, between patients who did and did not receive sedation, or in relatives’ satisfaction with their own life, their general health and their mental wellbeing after the patient’s death. Conclusions The use of sedation in these patients appears to have no negative effect on bereaved relatives’ evaluation of the patient’s dying phase, or on their own wellbeing after the patient’s death. PMID:26871717

die ontstaan van vrouelugverenigings in suid-afrika voor die tweede

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aangestel. Ander eenhede het later gevolg. Drle van die Vrouehulplugmag se lelersflgure staan voor die VHLM se kleure wat gewy Is In Durban op 18 Mei 1940. Die vroue Is vlnr mal (meil E. Percival-Hart, It-kol (mev) D. Dunning en mal (mel) M. Egerton-Bird. 24. Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, ...

Experimental investigation on the performance of an improved equal channel angular pressing die

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surendarnath, S; Sankaranarayanasamy, K; Ravisankar, B

2014-01-01

A major problem in Equal Channel Angular Pressing is die design. Friction plays an important role in the extrusion process. In the present work, Aluminium 6082 alloy was processed through a modified ECAP die originally proposed by Mathieu et al. in 2004 [1] and the performance of the die was analyzed. The channel angle was φ=90° and corner angle ψ=20°. Mechanical properties, micro hardness measurement and crystalline size (D) were measured from the extruded specimen for both the conventional and new die designs. It has been found that the new die samples displayed better results than the conventional ones. The newly designed die reduced the effect of friction on the work piece, it increased the tensile strength, the hardness of the material and achieved better grain refinement

Modeling and Analysis of The Pressure Die Casting Using Response Surface Methodology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kittur, Jayant K.; Herwadkar, T. V.; Parappagoudar, M. B.

2010-01-01

Pressure die casting is successfully used in the manufacture of Aluminum alloys components for automobile and many other industries. Die casting is a process involving many process parameters having complex relationship with the quality of the cast product. Though various process parameters have influence on the quality of die cast component, major influence is seen by the die casting machine parameters and their proper settings. In the present work, non-linear regression models have been developed for making predictions and analyzing the effect of die casting machine parameters on the performance characteristics of die casting process. Design of Experiments (DOE) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the effect of effect of input parameters and their interaction on the response and further used to develop nonlinear input-output relationships. Die casting machine parameters, namely, fast shot velocity, slow shot to fast shot change over point, intensification pressure and holding time have been considered as the input variables. The quality characteristics of the cast product were determined by porosity, hardness and surface rough roughness (output/responses). Design of experiments has been used to plan the experiments and analyze the impact of variables on the quality of casting. On the other-hand Response Surface Methodology (Central Composite Design) is utilized to develop non-linear input-output relationships (regression models). The developed regression models have been tested for their statistical adequacy through ANOVA test. The practical usefulness of these models has been tested with some test cases. These models can be used to make the predictions about different quality characteristics, for the known set of die casting machine parameters, without conducting the experiments.

Einstein se relatiwiteitsteorie: Op die kruispunt van aprioriese elemente en empiriese ervaring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danie F.M. Strauss

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Waardering vir die status van natuurwetenskaplike kennis volg ’n merkwaardige wentelgang deur die geskiedenis van die filosofie en die verskillende vakwetenskappe. Te midde van ekstreme uiterstes moes die benadering van Einstein ’n rigting vind wat beide ’n eensydige apriorisme en ’n oordrewe positivisme afwys. Die historiese agtergrond van die aprioriteitsprobleem – dit wat ons ervaring voorafgaan – is vlugtig nagespeur tot by die Griekse wortels daarvan. Omdat Einstein ruimte gelaat het vir skeppende denke, het dit hom weliswaar in staat gestel om van die universaliteit van sleutelaspekte van die natuur gebruik te maak, in die besonder gefokus op die uniekheid en die samehang van die kinematiese en fisiese aspekte van die werklikheid. Enersyds het die onderskeid tussen hierdie twee aspekte ’n vertrekpunt verskaf om kritiek te lewer op die meganistiese inslag van die klassieke fisika (toegespits om die onderskeid te tref tussen omkeerbaarheid en onomkeerbaarheid, en andersyds het die ontiese universaliteit van hierdie aspekte hom gehelp om hierdie onties aprioriese gegewens tot hul reg te laat kom, ook ten opsigte van die eise wat die ervaring stel (die relatiewe reg van die positivistiese klem op die eksperimentele toetsing van tipewette. Hieruit volg dat Einstein se siening met reg as ’n transendentaal empiriese benadering getipeer kan word. Dit belig ook die onderskeid tussen modale wette en tipewette, asook die skynbaar misterieuse toepaslikheid van die wiskunde op natuurverskynsels. Laastens word aangevoer dat die onlangse beweringe oor die snelheid van die neutrino wat vinniger as dié van lig sou wees, nié Einstein se spesiale relatiwiteitsteorie (sal weerlê nie. Einstein’s theory of relativity: At the intersection of apriori elements and empirical experience. Appreciation for the status of scientific knowledge followed a remarkably winding path throughout the history of philosophy and of the various specialised

[End-of-life-care and euthanasia: medical assistance in dying or help to die].

Science.gov (United States)

Müller-Busch, H Christof

2008-01-01

The debate on euthanasia that has been started all over Europe, but especially in Germany has been particularly complicated by unclear and inconsistent definitions. Medical decisions in end-of-life care gain increasing importance not only for the time of death but also for the kind and quality of the dying process. Though legal regulations can help to diminish doubts about the permissibility of various measures in end-of-life care, teaching and knowledge of ethical principles, communication skills, respect, transparency and knowledge of palliative care options seem to be the most important factors in accompanying the dying professionally and with dignity and even in achieving a consented compromise when aid in hastening death is asked for.

’n Oorsig van die bepaling van die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit van verskeie antituberkulosemiddels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. R. Donald

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit (VBA van ’n antituberkulosemiddel is die daaglikse afname van M tuberculosis in log10 kolonievormende eenhede per ml sputum, tydens die eerste twee dae van behandeling met die middel. Dit weerspieël die vermoë van ’n middel om aktief metaboliserende organismes in tuberkulose-longholtes te dood. Dit is ’n relatief goedkoop metode om in ’n klein groep pasiënte die antituberkulose-aktiwiteit van ’n middel, binne maande, in vivo te evalueer. Hierdie artikel som ons ondervinding op tydens sewe gepubliseerde VBA-studies, en die bronne van variasie in die prosedure word identifiseer. Die pasiënte in hierdie studies was gemiddeld 33 jaar oud, met ’n gemiddelde gewig van 50 kg en 55% het ekstensiewe of massiewe longaantasting gehad. Die hoogste VBA-waardes (0,50-0,66 is gevind in pasiënte wat isoniasied ontvang het, en die laagste waardes (0,05 en 0,09 respektiewelik was gevind in pasiënte wat die aminoglikosiede amikasien en paromomisien, albei in doserings van 15 mg/kg liggaamsgewig, ontvang het. Die algehele variasie in die VBA van 248 pasiënte was 0,0312, en die variasie toegeskryf aan die proses van sputumproduksie en -versameling was 0,0223. Dit blyk dat die verskillende aspekte van sputumproduksie en -versameling, betrokke by die lewering van ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster, ’n groter bydrae maak tot variasie tydens die prosedure as die laboratoriumaspekte van die tegniek. Die keuring van pasiënte vir insluiting in VBA-studies, en hulle vermoë om saam te werk om ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster te produseer, is van deurslaggewende belang in die suksesvolle voltooiing van VBA-studies.

Leerteoretiese basis van die andragogie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. J. A. Simpson

1991-06-01

Full Text Available Learning theory basis of andragogy. A cursory glance at andragogy creates the impression that humanistic learning theory plays an all encompassing role in the learner centered approach andragogy espouses. A closer look, however, reveals that Knowles (1973, after having made an intensive study of learning theory, created an extensive framework within which human resource development can take place. The fact that Knowles attracted critique from different areas, led to a need to ascertain the role different learning theories, if any, played in the emergence of andragogy. Having looked at the assumptions displayed by the andragogical approach, as well as a comparison of different learning theories and their connection with andragogy, it became clear that andragogy contains elements of various learning theories in an adapted way. These adaptations resulted in an approach to adult education in which learners are given the opportunity to be part of the learning process in such a way that they themselves contribute to the development which takes place. Opsomming Met 'n eerste oogopslag wil dit voorkom asof humanistiese leerteorie 'n oorheersende rol in die leerdergesentreerde benadering van andragogie speel. By nadere ondersoek blyk dit egter dat Knowles (1973, na 'n deeglike studie van verskillende leerteoretiese beginsels, 'n omvangryke raamwerk geskep het waarbinne, aan die hand van verskeie aangepaste leerteoretiese beginsels, menslike hulpbronontwikkeling kan plaasvind. As gevolg van die feit dat Knowles vanuit verskillende oorde kritiek op die lyf geloop het, is besluit om die rol wat verskillende leerteorieë in andragogie speel, te bestudeer. Dit blyk dat andragogie nie net elemente van verskillende leerteorieë bevat nie, maar dat toepaslike aspekte van die teoriee wat ondersoek is, benut en aangepas is om 'n geintegreerde benadering te bewerkstellig waarin veral volwassene-leerders by leergeleenthede en hulle selfontwikkeling betrek word.

Riglyne vir die onderwys.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. L. du Plooy

1960-03-01

Full Text Available In die afgelope vyftig jaar sedert die Unie tot stand gekom het, is veel op die gebied van onderwys tot stand gebring. Dit is heel natuurlik dat ’n mens sou vra: Wat van die toekoms?

Die huwelik in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld (III): Jesus en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

30 Jan 2007 ... description of what marriage, betrothal, adultery, divorce and ..... egbreuk teen wie? Wanneer daar in ag geneem word dat 'n man in die eerste- eeuse Mediterreense wêreld nie egbreuk teenoor sy vrou kon pleeg nie (kyk ... volg egbreuk teen die vrou in die huwelik beteken – al het die vrou owerspel.

Die Energiesicherheit Europas in Bezug auf Erdgas und die Auswirkungen einer Kartellbildung im Gassektor

OpenAIRE

Krämer, Luis-Martín

2011-01-01

Die Dissertation untersucht die aktuelle Sicherheit der europaeischen Erdgasversorgung. Sie beruecksichtigt zudem die moeglichen Auswirkungen einer Kartellbildung auf die europaeische Gasversorgungssicherheit. Die Arbeit besteht aus einer detaillierten empirischen Studie und darauf aufbauender Szenarioanalyse. Hierzu wird auf den Interdependenzansatz von Robert O. Keohane und Joseph Nye zurueckgegriffen. Zur Darstellung des komplexen Themenbereichs wird auf die Darstellungspraxis der Dichten ...

Der Einfluss von personeller Einkommensverteilung auf die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Trappl

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Der Einfluss gestiegener Einkommensungleichheit auf die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“ wurde mehrfach postuliert (Galbraith 1954/2009; Eccles 1951; Rajan 2010; Stiglitz 2012; Piketty 2014. Konkrete empirische Arbeiten zum Zusammenhang zwischen Einkommensverteilung und dem Entstehen von Wirtschaftskrisen gibt es aber bislang wenige. Kumhof/Ranciere (2010 überprüften die von Rajan (2010 aufgestellte Hypothese, die einen entsprechenden Zusammenhang postuliert, mittels Modellrechnung. Bordo/Meissner (2012 und darauf aufbauend Gu/Huang (2014 verwendeten unterschiedliche Regressionsmodelle in Bezug auf einen entsprechenden Zusammenhang, ohne jedoch eindeutige Ergebnisse zu liefern. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt an diese Arbeiten an, beschränkt die Untersuchung allerdings auf Staaten, für die Daten für die letzten hundert Jahre verfügbar sind, und untersucht zudem explizit die Zeiträume um die beiden größten Krisen der letzten hundert Jahre, die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die personelle Einkommensverteilung ein guter Prädiktor für die Kriseneintrittswahrscheinlichkeit ist.

Eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde

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A. A. Teurlinckx

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Nooit sou die Franse jeug — en die van Europa en verder — in dié mate deur die eksistensialisme be'invloed gewees het nie, indien hierdie filosofie in wysgerige traktate sou begrawe gelê het. Die eksistensialiste het die koning van die filosofiese verhaal, Voltaire, met sukses op sy Candide- en Zadig-pad gevolg en hulle teorieë in letterkundige werke, ver- hale, romans en ook toneelstukke kwytgeraak, wat baie gelees is en waaruit ook ander literatore kragte en inspirasie geput het. Omrede daarvan is daar inderdaad baie eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde, maar ’n eintlike eksistensialistiese letterkunde was daar nie, en ’n Eksistensialistiese Letterkun­ dige skool het nooit bestaan nie. Ook sit hierdie eksistensialiste nie langs dieselfde vuur nie. Die Christelike eksistensialis Gabriel Marcel het op 21 April van hierdie jaar uitgevaar teen die „Sartriane” na aanleiding van die opvoering van Les Paravents, Die W indskerms van Jean Genêt in ’n Paryse staatsondersteunde teater. „Mens mag seker wees”, skryf Marcel in Les Nouvelles Littéraires, „dat die hele sartriaanse parogie sal skreeu: groot meesterwerk”. Voortgaande op sy distansiëring kan die literêre eksistensialiste in drie groepe ingedeel word: 1. Die Sartriane; 2. Die Christelike Eksistensialiste; 3. Die Onafhanklikes.

Die toekoms en ons roeping

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S. du Toit

1954-03-01

Full Text Available Om te weet wat ons roeping in die toekoms sal wees, moet ons eers besef wat in ons eie tyd aan die gang is en langs watter lyne die dinge beweeg. Dit is ons plig om te let op die tekens van die tye in die lig van die profetiese Woord. En dan wil ons dadelik beklemtoon dat ons in Suid-Afrika nie in die waan moet lewe dat ons hier onbekommerd en onaangetas deur die wêreldgebeure ons roeping en bestemming kan uitwerk nie.

Die rol van persoonlikheidstrekke in die weerstand teen stres

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Sonja V. R. van Oudtshoorn

1988-05-01

Full Text Available The role of personality characteristics in resistance to stress: A study was conducted to establish whether certain personality characteristics contribute to resistance to stress. Rescue brigadesmen, performing dangerous rescue operations in the goldmining industry, served as basis for the study. The sample consisted of 63 current, 56 ex- and 50 non-brigadesmen. Results indicate that brigadesmen, on the basis of their personality structure, are better equipped to cope with stress. Scores on the 16PF show that they have a lower level of interpersonal anxiety (Factor Q4 and that they are more practical (Factor I, emotionally stable (Factor C, and conscientious (Factor G. These findings support existing knowledge of the 16PF. Opsomming Ten einde vas te stel ofdaar sekere persoonlikheidstrekke bestaan wat bydra tot weerstand teen stres, is 'n studie uitgevoer met reddingspanlede, wat lewensgevaarlike reddingsdiens in die goudmynbedryf verrig, as ondersoekgroep. Die streekproefhet uit 63 huidige, 56 oud-reddingspanlede en 50 amptenare, wat nog nooit aan die span behoort het nie, bestaan. Dit blyk dat reddingspanlede, op grond van hulle persoonlikheidstruktuur, beter toegerus is om stres te hanteer. Tellings op die 16PF toon dat hulle oor 'n laervlakvan interpersoonlike angs beskik, (Faktor Q4, dat hulle meer prakties (Faktor I, emosioneel stabiel (Faktor C en konsensieus is (Faktor G. Hierdie bevindinge sluit aan by die reeds bestaande kennis oor die 16PF.

The processes of change in Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG - from the corporate image to the ``quality of work``; Die Veraenderungsprozesse in der Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG - vom Unternehmensleitbild zur Qualitaet der Arbeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toenjes, B.; Eikhoff, J. [Bergwerk Heinrich Robert, Hamm (Germany); Schrimpf, P.; Weise, M. [Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG, Oer-Erkenschwick (Germany). Hauptabteilung Berufsbildung

1997-11-06

With the establishment of its corporate image Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG has created the basis for the processes of change. One of the first steps in this direction was the organisational development process of the collieries. In the first phase the main emphasis was on the reduction of the hierarchy and the introduction of teamwork. The employees concerned were trained and assisted in accordance with their new tasks and competences. In the second phase of the change the main emphasis was more on the organisation with special consideration of the lower hierarchy levels. Greater orientation towards value creation was thus achieved. Meanwhile 50 TQM groups are working on the continuous improvement of the work processes within the framework of the `Total Quality Management` initiative at the Heinrich Robert colliery. The success of the intensive efforts in connection with TQM is reflected in the falling costs and the associated increase in profitability of the colliery. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit der Einstellung des Unternehmensleitbildes hat die Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG die Grundlagen fuer Veraenderungsprozesse geschaffen. Einer der ersten Schritte in diese Richtung war der Organisationsentwicklungsprozess der Bergwerke. Ausgangsbasis hierzu waren umfangreiche Untersuchungen, bei denen unter Beteiligung der betroffenen Mitarbeiter Schwachstellen in der Organisation herausgearbeitet wurden. In der ersten Phase der Organisationsentwicklung lag der Schwerpunkt in der Beseitigung dieser Schwachstellen, die groesstenteils die Aufbaustruktur betrafen. Beispielhaft seien hier die Verflachung der Hierarchie und die Einfuehrung bereichsuebergreifender Teamarbeit genannt. Entsprechend ihren neuen Aufgaben und Kompetenzen wurden die betroffenen Mitarbeiter qualifiziert und unterstuetzt. In der zweiten Phase der Veraenderung wurde der Schwerpunkt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der unteren Hierarchieebenen mehr auf die Ablauforganisation gelegt. Damit gelang eine verstaerkte Orientierung zur

Montessori-skole: die ander kant

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Monica Viljoen

1995-03-01

Full Text Available Na aanleiding van die artikel “Die invloed van die New Age-beweging op die onderwysagenda van die toekoms” deur Lien van Niekerk en Corinne Meier van die Departement Historiese Opvoedkunde van Unisa (vgl. Koers, 59 (1 1994:69-84 wil ek graag ’n ander sy van Montessori-skole onder die aandag van Koers lesers bring.

Processes and materials for photovoltaic applications. Workshop; Verfahren und Materialien fuer die Photovoltaik. Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Solar energy will surely continue to be the most important renewable energy source. Since 1985, solar cell production has doubled every five years while the per unit price decreased continuously. This trend is expected to continue. Germany made important contributions both in the construction of new solar cell production plants and in the development of new PV materials and material combinations, as well as in technology and PV plant construction. The states of Thuringia and Saxony were significant contributors. In Thuringia, two solar cell production plants were constructed, while Saxon vacuum coating technology was used in nearly all new German production plants. This workshop presented the activities in Thuringia in Saxony. Contacts were to be established between partners from industry and research, joint projects were to be initiated, and society and politicians were to be informed on the success and new chances achieved. The workshop was held on the occasion of the termination of construction and the starting of experimental production of the ANTEC Solar GmbH factory at Rudisleben. [German] Im Mix der erneuerbaren Energien spielt die Solarenergie kuenftig wohl die wichtigste Rolle. Seit 1985 verdoppelt sich die Solarzellenproduktion in jeweils fuenf Jahren, gleichzeitig sank der Preis pro Leistungseinheit kontinuierlich. Dieser Trend wird weiter anhalten. Deutschland leistete in den letzten Jahren wichtige Beitraege zu dieser Entwicklung, sowohl beim Aufbau neuer Fertigungskapazitaeten fuer Solarzellen, als auch bei der Entwicklung neuer Photovoltaik-Materialien bzw. -Materialkombinationen und auf den Gebieten der Technologie und des Anlagenbaus. Der Anteil Thueringens und Sachsens an dieser positiven Entwicklung ist groesser als generell vermutet. In Thueringen entstanden zwei Unternehmen fuer die Solarzellenproduktion, der saechsische Vakuumbeschichtungs-Anlagenbau war am Aufbau fast aller neuen deutschen Fertigungsstaetten beteiligt. Auf dem Workshop werden

Tegnologie en die mens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

omgewingsbesoedeling, volgend op industrialisasie en verstedeliking, gee uit- ing tot krete van wanhoop en frustrasie. Die maatskaplike ontwrigting agv outomatisasie het die begrippe van vervreemding en naam- loosheid op die voorgrond van sosiale be- wustheid geplaas. • Die Neutrale Siening. Tegnologie was nag. 34.

Proteste in Venezuela und die Krise des Chavismus

OpenAIRE

Mijares, Víctor M.

2014-01-01

Seit Wochen demonstrieren in Venezuela Gegner der Regierung von Nicolás Maduro gegen Gewaltkriminalität, Inflation und die Einschränkung bürgerlicher Grundrechte. Die Regierung antwortet mit Repression und lässt einen führenden Oppositionspolitiker verhaften. Venezuela steht vor einem neuen Zyklus der Instabilität. Das während der Präsidentschaft von Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) etablierte sozioökonomische Modell stößt schon im ersten Amtsjahr seines Nachfolgers Nicolás Maduro an seine Grenzen: Ve...

Die Brustflosse des Grönlandswales (Balaena mysticetus L.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kükenthal, W.

1922-01-01

Das Studium der Brustflosse des Grönlandswales hat zu Fragen von allgemeinerem Interesse geführt. Ihre kurze und breite Form sowie ihre anscheinende Fünffingerigkeit, die ausserdem nur noch beim südlichen Glattwal (Balaena australis) vorkommt, liess sie ursprünglicher erscheinen als die schlankere

New trends in cold-chamber die casting machine design

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R. Dańko

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Larger and larger proportions of aluminium castings, especially those produced by the die casting process, can be observed during recent years in the automotive industry, house-hold articles and others. In case of the automotive industry, apart from the traditional elements produced by the die pressure method such as engine blocks or crank shaft bedplates, aluminium is displacing steel from structural parts of cars (‘body in white’. The current state and development directions of the structural solutions of cold-chamber die castings are analysed in this paper. These solutions drive the prospective development of these machines and die casting technology. The focus is mainly on essential functional systems such as: hydraulic drives of closing and locking units, as well as pressing in die machines of known companies present on the European market.

Nano Precipitation and Hardening of Die-Quenched 6061 Aluminum Alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Utsunomiya, Hiroshi; Tada, Koki; Matsumoto, Ryo; Watanabe, Katsumi; Matsuda, Kenji

2018-03-01

Die quenching is applied to an age-hardenable aluminium alloys to obtain super-saturated solid solution. The application is advantageous because it can reduce number of manufacturing processes, and may increase strength by strain aging. If die quenching is realized in forging as well as sheet forming, it may widen industrial applicability further. In this study, Al-Mg-Si alloy AA6061 8 mm-thick billets were reduced 50% in height without cracks by die-quench forging. Supersaturated solid solution was successfully obtained. The die-quenched specimen shows higher hardness with nano precipitates at shorter aging time than the conventional water-quenched specimen.

The Influence of Technological Conditions of the Process of Cogging in Flat Dies on the Quality of Two-Phase Titanium Alloys

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Dyja Н.

2016-06-01

Full Text Available To create a rational technology of cogging process and to determinate the optimal values of the angles of tilt and single reduction the stress-strain state (SSS of the blank during cogging in the flat dies was analyzed. By using the finite element method and program MSC.SuperForge quantitative data are obtained and the basic patterns of distribution of SSS, the temperature during the simulation of tilting in flat dies with different angles of tilting and the amount of reduction were established. Sustainable experimental-industrial technology of forging of two-phase titanium alloys was developed and tested.

DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE JEUG IN VOORTREKKERTYDPERK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dien. Die planke en velie moes keer dat die assegaaie die mense tref. Voor die geveg het die vrouens en groter dogters koeels gegiet. Tydens die geveg het die seuns gehelp skiet terwyl die vrouens en dogters die gewere vir die mans gelaai het. Van die dogters soos Nellie. Botha (11 jaar oud) en haar sussie Fya (15 jaar.

Pyramids and Prejudice: A Study of Cultural Discrimination in Lauretta Ngcobo’s And they didn’t die

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Sophia I. Akh uemokhan

2015-05-01

Full Text Available A South African classic, Lauretta Ngcobo’s novel, And they didn’t die, explores the nexus of hegemony, culture, and transformation under apartheid rule. Edward Said’s thesis on the hierarchy of culture provides the conceptual framework for an analysis of politico-cultural agency in Ngcobo’s novel. Three characters in the narrative—Siyalo, Jezile, and Lungu—are used to comment on the cultural dynamics inherent in three different but interlocking sites: the nine-to-five working environment, rural Bantu culture, and the ambiguous location of “African Whiteness.” The paper establishes that the life of each character betrays culture’s negative discriminating power and the amplification of negativity by State policy

IRAN IN DIE INTERNASIONALE MAGSTRYD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die verband kan genoem word dat die Russe nog grotendeels gebruik maak van 'n metode waarvolgens water in die oliestratum gepomp word om 'n opwaartse druk van ru-olie te verseker; een nadeel hiervan is dat die water mettertyd deur die oliehoudende laag ontsnap en agv die drukverlies isvoortgesette ontginning.

Die rol van kapitaal in die ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling van onderontwikkelde gebiede*

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F. J. du Plessis

1961-03-01

Full Text Available In die teorie oor ekonomiese groei speel kapitaal ’n besonder prominente rol. Kapitaal met die daarby behorende tegnologiese ontwikkeling, word beskou as die belangrikste enkele faktor verantwoordelik vir die bereiking en instandhouding van ’n „ten voile ontwikkelde” volkshuishouding.

Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling in die gesprek tussen wetenskap en geloof

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Jan A. Erasmus

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis bely dat God deur twee middele geken word, te wete deur middel van die skepping, onderhouding en regering van die wêreld (waaronder die wetenskap en deur die heilige en goddelike Woord (die Bybel. Hierdie belydenis is van groot belang vir die gesprek tussen Wetenskap en Teologie. In hierdie artikel word gepoog om die verskille, maar ook die ooreenkomste tussen hierdie twee middele van openbaring uit te lig, elkeen tot sy reg te laat kom, maar hulle ook in balans met mekaar te stel. Die wyse waarop te werk gegaan word, is die volgende: eers word gestel wat vooronderstellings is, asook die plek wat vooronderstellings in die beoefening van wetenskap sowel as geloof inneem. Daarna word nagevors watter perspektiewe artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling vir die wetenskaps- en teologiebeoefening respektiewelik bied. Hieruit word ’n aantal gevolgtrekkings gemaak wat kan help om die problematiek in die wetenskap-geloofsgesprek op te los. Die kernbevinding van hierdie artikel is die volgende: Vanweë die verskil in die aard en die doel tussen Bybelfeite en wetenskaplike navorsingsresultate kan en sal klaarblyklike harmonieprobleme tussen die Skrif en die wetenskap ontstaan. Hierdie is egter slegs klaarblyklike probleme, omdat ’n verrekening van die verskil in die aard en die bedoeling van die wetenskapresultate en die Bybelfeite hierdie probleem sal oplos. Article 2 of the Belgic Confession as faith presupposition in the science-faith debate. Article 2 of the Belgic Confession confesses that God can be known by two means: firstly by studying the creation, preservation and government of the universe (i.e. science and secondly by studying the Word of God (the Bible. This confession is very important for the discussion between science and faith. In this article the similarities, but also the differences between these two means of revelation are researched. The aim is to

The professional nurse\\'s experience of the dying process of the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The increase in HIV/AIDS raises international concern. Statistics indicate that South Africa has the fastest increasing HIV-infection rate in the world. Secondary infections complicate the issues and could result in hospitalisation and death of terminal AIDS patients. Nurses are increasingly exposed to this process.

Die kliniese kindersielkundige as diagnostikus1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. J. W. Strümpfer

1961-03-01

Full Text Available Die benaming „Kliniese Kindersielkunde” is nog onbekend en gevolglik betreklik onbemind. Dit is in 1951 die eerste keer gebruik. Die werk van die Kliniese Kindersielkunde is egter so oud as die werk van die algemene Kliniese Sielkunde, waarvan die geskiedenis gewoonlik teruggevoer word tot die begin van sielkundige toetsing vroeg in die tagtigerjare. Tot ’n aansienlike mate is hierdie vroeë werk op kinders uitgevoer, bv. dié van Galton en later die van Binet en Simon. Witmer het in 1896 die eerste sielkundige kliniek geopen en het ook die term „Kliniese Sielkunde” ingevoer; die meerderheid van sy pasiënte was egter ook kinders. Tot voor die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was klinies-sielkundige werk hoofsaaklik op kinders toegespits. Sedertdien het die kliniese sielkundige tot ’n belangrike mate toegetree tot die gebied van die diagnose en terapie van psigiese afwykings by volwassenes, tot so ’n mate dat in die gedagtes en geskrifte van baie werkers die terrein van die Kliniese Sielkunde byna tot werk met volwassenes beperk word.

Development test of multiple die with hydraulic compensation and auto lubrication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Mengyou; Zhang Xichang; Zhu Ninghua; Liu Zichang

1988-05-01

Multiple die with hydraulic compensating device adopts the design of multidies gathering in a common grease cavity, using high temperature lubricating grease as the pressure compensating medium. According to Pascal's Law, each die will receive equal pressure during the process of pressing. Such device changes the equi-volume pressing mode of single mechanical die to equipressure pressing mode of multiple die in nuclear fuel element production, thus improves the quality and raises the quantity of nuclear fuel and powder ceramic products, giving a better economic benefit

‘Op de wijze van Kavafis’: Die voorbeeld van die digter uit Alexandrië

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Phil van Schalkwyk

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die Griekse digter K.P. Kavafis (1863–1933 word wêreldwyd deur lesers sowel as skrywers besonder hoog geag. Hy het nie net van die grootste twintigste-eeuse skrywers beïnvloed nie,maar is vanweë die buitengewone vertaalbaarheid van sy werk ook betreklik sterk teenwoordig in die letterkunde van meer tale as slegs Grieks en Engels. Vir baie – veral gay lesers, skrywers en kunstenaars – besit Kavafis ’n voorbeeldstatus, ten opsigte van die letterkunde sowel asdie lewe. W.H. Auden het beweer dat dit wat Kavafis onderskei, sy stemtoon is, een wat ’n persoon met ’n unieke perspektief op die wêreld openbaar. Hierdie bydrae, wat deel is van ’nnavorsingsprojek oor idiolektiese skrywersidentiteit, is daarop gerig om die onderskeidende kenmerke van Kavafis se werk, sowel in terme van vorm as inhoud, opnuut te ondersoek. Dit word gedoen binne die raamwerk van die breë kritiese diskoers oor Kavafis en met verwysing na enkele manifestasies/voorbeelde van Nederlandse en Afrikaanse kritiese en kreatieweperspektiewe op sy poësie, met die doel om spesifiek lig te werp op die besondere soortwysheid wat in Kavafis se werk oorgedra word.

Characteristics of Pilger Die Materials for Nuclear Zirconium Alloy Tubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Ki Bum; Kim, In Kyu; Park, Min Young; Kahng, Jong Yeol; Kim, Sun Doo

2011-01-01

KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Company's (KEPCO NF) tube manufacturing facility, Techno Special Alloy (TSA) Plant, has started cold pilgering operation since 2008. It is obvious that the cold pilgering process is one of the key processes controlling the quality and the characteristics of the tubes manufactured, i.e. nuclear zirconium alloy tube in KEPCO NF. Cold pilgering is a rolling process for forming metal tubes in which diameter and wall thickness are reduced in a number of forming steps, using ring dies at outside of the tube and a curved mandrel at inside to reduce tube cross sections by up to 90 percent. The OD size of tube is reduced by a pair of dies, and ID size and wall thickness is controlled simultaneously by mandrel. During the cold pilgering process, both tools are the critical components for providing qualified tube. Development of pilger die and mandrel has been a significant importance in the zirconium tube manufacturing and a major goal of KEPCO NF. The objective of this study is to evaluate the life time of pilger die during pilgering. Therefore, a comparison of the heat treatment and mechanical properties of between AISI 52100 and AISI H13 materials was made in this study

die kerk, maatskappy en vrye verenigings: 'n studie van die kerkorde ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Engelhard en Hofman 2001; PKN 2003). Die begrip “moderne gedifferensieerde samelewing”, saamgelees met 'n selfstandigheid in eie bevoegdheid, kom net so van Dooyeweerd af (1957:379; 1963:81). NGK-KO 1962 neem vorm aan in 'n tyd waarin. Dooyeweerd akademies op die kruin van die golf is – gemeet aan sy.

Die sprachnorm und die künstlerische sprache I. Tavčars in seinem werdegang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martina Orožen

1975-11-01

Full Text Available In dem ganzen Zeitraum vom 16. his zum 18. Jahrhundert hemühten sich die slovenischen Schriftsteller urn die sprachliche Richtigkeit und stilistische Voll­ kommenheit des Textes. Die praktischen Resultate dieser Bemühungen waren aller­ dings nicht einheitlich, weil auch·die theoretischen Ansichten in Bezug auf die Umständlichkeiten, in denen sich die Schriftsprache entwickelte, nicht einheitlich und so geklärt waren, wie es heutzutage ist. Die wechselseiten Beziehungen dieser Bestrehungen sind in gegenwärtigen Ahhandlungen dargestellt am sprachlichen Material eines einzigen, aher vornehmen Schriftstellers Ivan Tavčar. Die angefiihrte Durchsicht des sprachlichen Materials lässt schliessen, class sich der Schriftsteller Tavčar in seinen Werken nach den Normen der Schriftsprache richtete. Wenn er selhst diese Normen nicht immer heohachtete, so taten es die Redakteure und die Korrektoren der literarischen Zeitschriften. Die Normen hetrachtete er als etwas Verhindliches, doch unterordnete er sich nicht ahsolut allen Vorschriften, welche die Archaisierung der Sprache hezielten. Die slavischen Leihwörter verwendete er, wenn sie dem Sinne funktionell entsprachen. So verstand es, auch die nicht mehr lehendigen Glieder des sprachlichen Systems zu helehen und hildend zu entwickeln. Geschickt verwendete er alle Moglichkeiten des Duhlettierens sowohl in lexikalischer als auch in syntaktischer Hinsicht. Bei der Auswahl des sprachlichen Ausdruckes war für ihn die Funktion massgehend, weshalh in seinen Satzen sowohl die archaischen als auch die zeitgemässen sprachlichen Mittel stilistisch wertvoll erscheinen. Tavčars Werke zeigen von den Anfangen in den Siehzigerjahren his zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts eine heneidenswerte sprachliche Entwicklung. Trotz der heengenden Normen der Neunzigerjahre fühlte er sich ungehunden und leistete viel für die Entwicklung der Schriftsprache. In der Zeit, wo die Sprache in ihren Regeln eine höhere Stufe der

Die afrikaner en sy pers*

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G. D. Scholtz

1963-03-01

Full Text Available Die versoek w at van u inrigting tot my gekom het om buitengewone professor in die Persw etenskap te word, was vir my deels vererend, m aar deels het dit my in 'n moeilike posisie gestel. Dit was vir my vererend, om dat dit gekom het van 'n universiteit m et wie se Christelik- Nasionale koers ek my ten voile kan vereenselwig. Dit was dan ook vir my vererend, om dat ek daardeur in staat gestel kan w ord om die volk w aartoe ek behoort, op 'n vir my nuwe terrein te dien. As sodanig is dit vir my im m ers m oontlik om ook ’n beskeie bydrae te lewer tot die geestelike vorm ing van die jeug van ons volk. Dit het my m oeilik geval om, w aar ek reeds die m iddeljarige leeftyd bereik het, nou vir die eerste maal as dosent op te tree, aangesien ek daarvan in die verlede nie die m inste kennis en ervaring opgedoen het nie. As joernalis rig ek my im m ers tot die breë publiek deur middel van die pen. As dosent m oet ek my deur middel van die mond tot die studente rig. Dit lê voor die hand dat die eise w at so aan my gestel word, totaal anders is as dié waar- aan ek oor 'n tydperk van m eer as 'n kw arteeu as joer­ nalis gewoond geraak het.

Coupled analysis of material flow and die deflection in direct aluminum extrusion

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Assaad, W.; Geijselaers, Hubertus J.M.

2010-01-01

The design of extrusion dies depends on the experience of the designer. After the die has been manufactured, it is tested during an extrusion trial and machined several times until it works properly. The die is designed by a trial and error method which is an expensive process in terms of time and

Die reg van die homoseksuele ouer om beheer en toesig oor 'n kind ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

regtens seëvier sodat die grondwetlike verbod op onbillike diskriminasie teen mense op grond van hul seksuele georiënteerdheid so .... gerig teen die homoseksueel self en die homoseksuele daad wat hy/sy beoefen, maar dat daar ook gediskrimineer ..... Die Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act,. 60 aangeneem in verskeie ...

Kritische Sicht der Literatur über die (südslawische Entsprechung der Gruppe tl/dl unter spezieller Berücksichtigung des rumänischen mocirlǎ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Varja Orešnik Cvetko

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Das Problem der Entsprechung der urslawischen Verbindung *tl/dl in den siisla­ wischen Sprachen war teilweise Gegenstand von kontroversen Interpretationen. Noch besonders strittig war die Interpretation des zweifachen Nachweises in den Preisinger Denkmfilem. So stellt z.B. Issatschenko 1943 in seiner deutschen Zusammenfassung folgendes fest (S. 85: "Neben dl in modliti, modlim, vzedli II 59, 36, 62 haben wir bereits assimiliertes l in crilatcem I 4. /.../ Ramovš vertritt nun, ebenso wie Grafenau­ er, die These, Preis. I sei in Kärnten entstanden /.../. Aber gerade die Kärntner slov. Dialekte haben altes dl bewahrt, vgl. gailtalerisch kridųo. Warum  haben  wir dann nicht auch *kridlatcem ? Für uns ist hier wichtig, dass Preis. II eine andere Lautung hat, als die beiden Beichten, die, nach Ramovš, den 'jüngeren' Sprachstand aufwei­ sen."

Versoening tussen leerders: Is parallelmediumskole die antwoord op die rassismeprobleem?

OpenAIRE

Du Plessis, Elize; Marais, Petro

2017-01-01

Die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet stel dit duidelik dat enige vorm van diskriminasie nie toegelaat mag word nie. In ons skole beteken dit dat elke leerder ʼn reg het op goeie opvoeding en ʼn veilige skoolomgewing. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing is gerig op bestaande parallelmediumskole. Die uiteindelike vraagstuk is dus hoe multikulturele onderwys bevorder word en hoe rassisme aangespreek kan word? As teoretiese raamwerk is Kohlsberg se kognitiewe ontwikkelingsbenadering en Whitehouse se univerele ...

GODSBEELDE IN DIE LITURGIE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

15 Mei 2010 ... Biezeveld, de Boer, Brümmer, Muis. 2001; Brown 2006; Durand 2007). ... Wanneer sal hy weer in God se teenwoordigheid verskyn (vers 3)? Dié vraag is vol onsekerheid. (Schuman 2004:8). Sy onsekerheid ... God se volk en die enkeling in die geskiedenis het al die trou van God ervaar waarop die digter ...

Die metafoor by Breyten Breytenbach

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Owner

23 Jun 2009 ... metafories, of spesifiek verwysend, te werk gegaan is. Tyd sou mens die hoofmotief van die bundel noem, tyd en geheue wat verbygaan: 1 en 2; en die einde van die storie wat gekom het: “fluit-fluit my storie is uit”. (Die tema van verbygaan word weer opgeneem in 8 en 9: die stories wat nooit meer gehoor ...

Die teologiese debat: Die waarde of betekenis daarvan

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ego vero hoc libro non contuli sed asservi et assero, ac penes nullum vo- lo esse iudicium, sed omnibus suadeo, ut praestent obsequium. (M Luther, De servo arbitrio, 1525). 1. INLEIDING. In ons dae is dit hoe mode om oor alles debat te voer. Een van die towerwoorde van ons tyd, veral op die politiek-staatkundige terrein, ...

Modelle in die onderrig van fisika

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J. J. A. Smit

1998-07-01

Full Text Available Die rol van modelle in die onderrig van fisika is sedert die vroeë tagtigerjare erken. In die onderrig word die absent op die kwantitaiewe aspekte van die vak geplaas, terwyl die kwatitatiewe aspekte min aandag kry.

Tribological Behavior of Laser Textured Hot Stamping Dies

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Andre Shihomatsu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Hot stamping of high strength steels has been continuously developed in the automotive industry to improve mechanical properties and surface quality of stamped components. One of the main challenges faced by researchers and technicians is to improve stamping dies lifetime by reducing the wear caused by high pressures and temperatures present during the process. This paper analyzes the laser texturing of hot stamping dies and discusses how different surfaces textures influence the lubrication and wear mechanisms. To this purpose, experimental tests and numerical simulation were carried out to define the die region to be texturized and to characterize the textured surface topography before and after hot stamping tests with a 3D surface profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that laser texturing influences the lubrication at the interface die-hot sheet and improves die lifetime. In this work, the best texture presented dimples with the highest diameter, depth, and spacing, with the surface topography and dimples morphology practically preserved after the hot stamping tests.

Die huwelik in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld (II): Huwelik ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

ingebed was, die vrou altyd in die eer van die man ingebed was, en .... contracted between families (segments of the same family) for a male and a female. ... marriage is on offspring ... this being the sole valid motivating factor in sexual encounters. ...... role in some measure only when she became the mother of a son.38.

Sprachbewusstheit und Fremdsprachenlernen. Inwiefern fördert die Grammatik in skandinavischen DaF-Lehrwerken die Sprachbewusstheit der Lernenden?

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Åsta Haukås

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern einige skandinavische Lehrwerke für junge DaF-AnfängerInnen das Potenzial haben, die Sprachbewusstheit der Lernenden zu fördern. Vor dem Hintergrund einer kurzen Übersicht zur für die Studie relevanten Forschung im Bereich Fremdsprachendidaktik und der jeweiligen Lehrpläne für die Schule werden Grammatikerklärungen und -übungen analysiert. Obwohl die Lehrpläne in Norwegen und Schweden große Ähnlichkeiten aufweisen, ist das Vorkommen von expliziten Grammatikerläuterungen und Grammatikübungen in den norwegischen Lehrwerken viel höher als in den schwedischen. In sämtlichen Lehrwerken werden die Lernenden jedoch nur vereinzelt dazu aufgefordert, Sprache zu beobachten, über Sprache zu sprechen und eigene Schlüsse zu ziehen. Die Schlussfolgerung ist demnach, dass die Lehrwerke nur begrenzt zur Förderung der Sprachbewusstheit der Lernenden beitragen.  This article studies to what extent a sample of Scandinavian textbooks for young learners of German as a foreign language have the potential to promote language awareness. Using a short overview of relevant aspects of research on foreign language learning as well as descriptions of national curricula for compulsory school as background, grammar descriptions and exercises are analysed. Even though there are many similarities between the Norwegian and Swedish curricula, the number of explicit grammar descriptions and exercises is extensively higher in the Norwegian textbooks. However, in all textbooks the learners are only rarely asked to observe language, talk about language and draw their own conclusions. The main result is therefore that the textbooks contribute to promoting language awareness to a very limited extent.

Die Mischung macht´s: Die Verknüpfung von analogen und digitalen Welten in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für Bibliotheken am Beispiel der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg

OpenAIRE

Rita Kamm-Schuberth

2016-01-01

Das Internet ist in Deutschland das Informationsmedium Nr. 1.Die klassische Werbung hat in den Bibliotheken nicht ausgedient. Print wird auch im digitalen Zeitalter seinen Platz finden, wenn gleich die digitale Kommunikation nicht mehr wegzudenken ist. Um die analogen und digitalen Kommunikationswege mit den Bibliotheksbesuchern zu vernetzen, müssen beispielsweise SEO-optimierte Websites, Landingspages und Blogs mit Veranstaltungsflyern und Plakaten verknüpft werden und aus einem Guss sein. B...

Die postpolitische Stadt

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Erik Swyngedouw

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Die Polis ist tot, es lebe die kreative Stadt! Während die Stadt, zumindest in Teilen des städtischen Raums, blüht und gedeiht, scheint die Polis im idealisierten griechischen Sinn dem Untergang geweiht; in diesem Verständnis ist sie der Ort der öffentlichen politischen Auseinandersetzung und demokratischen Unterhandlung und somit eine Stätte (oft radikaler Abweichung und Unstimmigkeit, an der die politische Subjektivierung buchstäblich ihren Platz hat. Diese Figur einer entpolitisierten (oder postpolitischen und postdemokratischen Stadt im Spätkapitalismus bildet das Leitmotiv des vorliegenden Beitrags. Ich lehne mich dabei an Jacques Rancière, Slavoj Žižek, Chantal Mouffe, Mustafa Dikeç, Alain Badiou und andere Kritiker jenes zynischen Radikalismus an, der dafür gesorgt hat, dass eine kritische Theorie und eine radikale politische Praxis ohnmächtig und unfruchtbar vor jenen entpolitisierenden Gesten stehen, die in der polizeilichen Ordnung des zeitgenössischen neoliberalen Spätkapitalismus als Stadtentwicklungspolitik [urban policy] und städtische Politik [urban politics] gelten. Ziel meiner Intervention ist es, das Politische wieder in den Mittelpunkt der zeitgenössischen Debatten über das Urbane zu stellen. [...

Numerical optimization of die geometry in open die forging

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Peter; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Bay, Niels

2013-01-01

This paper deals with numerical optimization of open die forging of large metallic ingots made by casting implying risk of defects, e.g. central pores. Different material hardening properties and die geometries are combined in order to investigate, which geometry gives rise to maximum closure...

Die adversatiewe stelsel van bewyslewering en die beste belang ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

MJM Venter

weeg. Hierdie vraag word teen die agtergrond daarvan beoordeel dat veral dispute ..... restructuring family into the highly polarized positions of court-based dispute resolution.16. Talle alternatiewe om tekortkominge in die adversatiewe proses te ..... De Jong M "Mediation and Other Appropriate Forms of Alternative Dispute.

Die «ASEAN-Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft»

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Juego, Bonn

2014-01-01

Seit dem Ende der 1990er-Jahre verfolgt die ASEAN die Vision einer politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Gemeinschaft. Doch wie realistisch ist die Umsetzung eines solch ambitionierten Vorhabens vor dem Hintergrund der enormen Heterogenität der Region? ASEAN vereint Staaten auf...... Entwicklungsstufen, wie sie unterschiedlicher kaum sein können. Der Autor, Bonn Juego, nimmt die ASEAN Vision 2020 sowie die Debatten, die diesbezüglich in den einzelnen Ländern geführt werden, unter die Lupe. Er geht dem Potenzial des ASEANAnsatzes zu sozialer Teilhabe und wirtschaftlicher Verteilungsgerechtigkeit...

Die hermeneutiek van gereformeerde kerkreg

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Andries le Roux du Plooy

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Die artikel het op die belangrikheid en noodsaaklikheid van ‘n hermeneutiek vir die gereformeerde kerkreg gefokus. Die kerkregtelike dokument wat besonderlik ter sake was, is die kerkorde van die Gereformeerde kerke in Suid-Afrika, met sy besondere band met die Dordtse kerkorde van 1618 en 1619. Agtereenvolgens is aandag gegee aan die volgende aspekte soos (1 die eiesoortige aard van ‘n kerkorde as ‘n teologiese dokument en teks, in onderskeiding van regsdokumente; (2 die aard van die hermeneutiek van kerkreg; (3 enkele teorieë oor die interpretasie of uitleg van tekste, veral regstekste en (4 normatiewe vooronderstellings en reëls vir die interpretasie en verstaan van die teks en artikels van die kerkorde asook besluite van kerklike vergaderinge. Die gevolgtrekking was dat weinig indringende navorsing gedoen is oor die saak van hermeneutiek vir kerkreg, hoewel dit noodsaaklik is. Duidelike hermeneutiese reëls is gesuggereer en verduidelik, wat sou kon meehelp dat kerke en kerklike vergaderinge die artikels van die kerkorde asook besluite en reglemente wat daarop berus het, kan interpreteer en toepas. The hermeneutics of reformed church polity. The article focused on the importance and urgency of a design for reformed hermeneutics on church polity. The Church Order referred to in the article is the Church Order of the Reformed Churches in South Africa, which are closely related to the Church Order of Dordt of 1618 and 1619. The following aspects received attention namely (1  the unique character of a Church Order, in comparison to and distinguished from legal documents and statutes; (2 the character and nature of hermeneutics of church polity; (3 theories of interpretation in the common law tradition and their relevance to church polity and (4 normative presuppositions and marks for the interpretation and understanding of the text and articles of the Church Order, as well as the resolutions of church assemblies. It was found that

Die invloed van drie kruisbestuiwers op die saadinhoud van Minneola tangelo (Citrus parodist x C reticulata

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H. J. Esterhuizen

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Die invloed van verskillende kruisbestuiwers (Clementine, Empress en Valencia op die gemiddelde saadinhoud van Minneo­la tangelo is ondersoek. Clementine en Empress as kruisbestuiwers het die grootste invloed op die gemiddelde saadinhoud van die vrugte gehad, terwyl dié van Valencia nie noemenswaardig was nie. Die gemiddelde saadinhoud van die vrugte het afgeneem met toename in afstand vanaf die kruisbestuiwer. Indien ’n beperking op die afstand tussen kultivar en kruisbestuiwer geplaas word, sal ’n groter persentasie vrugte aan uitvoerstandaarde ten opsigte van saadinhoud voldoen.

Spanische Identität unter der Voraussetzung des trikulturellen Mittelalters: zu Fabian Sevillas Studie „Die ‚Drei Kulturen‘ und die spanische Identität“

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Jan Henrik Witthaus

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Fabian Sevilla, Die „Drei Kulturen“ und die spanische Identität: ein Konflikt bei Américo Castro und in der spanischsprachigen Narrativik der Moderne, Siegener Forschungen zur romanischen Literatur- und Medienwissenschaft 26 (Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2014, 372 S.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie? “The Criminal Woman”—A “Practice Case” for the Anomy Theory

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Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223. Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur insofern eine Rolle, als der Frauenanteil in der besonders kriminalitätsgefährdeten Personengruppe geringer ist.This treatment of sociologist Robert K. Merton’s anomy theory intends to “find relevant differences between women and men that could explain the uneven proportion of the sexes in registered criminal offenses” (p. 223. This succeeds insofar as the author is able to determine structural variables that could raise the possibility of criminal activity. Gender plays (only a role inasmuch as the proportion of women is lower in those groups of people that are particularly at risk of engaging in criminal activity.

Die koninkryk van God as ’n kontekstueel-paradigmatiese sleutel vir Skrifberoep in die etiek

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De Wet Saaiman

2014-11-01

Full Text Available In die lig van die Christelike etiek is ’n beroep op die Skrif ’n sine qua non waar standpunte oor etiese vraagstukke ingeneem word. Deur ’n beroep op die Skrif te doen, is die probleem ongelukkig nie sonder meer opgelos nie. Hierdie artikel toon aan dat die begrip koninkryk van God as tema as ’n hermeneutiese vertrekpunt kan dien in die soeke na antwoorde op etiese vraagstukke. Daar word aangedui dat die koninkryk van God ’n noodsaaklike tema is omdat sekere wetsbepalings en kontekstueel bepaalde beginsels en norme in die voortsetting van die gedagte van die koninkryk van God in die Ou en Nuwe Testament ingebed is. Daar is egter ook sekere voorskrifte binne die teokratiese bestel wat vir die volk Israel in hulle spesifieke konteks gegee is wat nie noodwendig direk in die hedendaagse samelewingskonteks kan en mag toegepas word nie. Die boodskap van die Skrif moet dus op ’n verantwoordelike en geldige wyse gekonstateer word en effektief aan die moderne samelewing oorgedra word. The kingdom of God as a contextual paradigmatic key for using Scripture in ethics. The use of Scripture is, in light of Christian ethics, a sine qua non when positions with regard to ethical problems are assumed. A simple interpretation of Scripture does not necessarily settle the problem. This article shows that the concept kingdom of God as a theme can serve as a hermeneutical point of departure in the search for answers to ethical questions. It is shown that the kingdom of God is a necessary theme due to the fact that certain legal stipulations and contextual based principles and norms are embedded in the idea of the kingdom of God in the Old and New Testament. There are also certain prescriptions within the theocratic system of Israel in its specific context that may not and cannot be directly applied to the modern day societal context. The message of the Bible must thus be established in a responsible and valid way, and communicated effectively to modern

Personeelbestuur as toepassingsgebied van die bedryfsielkunde met verwysing na die implikasies wat dit inhou vir die arbeidsituasie in Siud-Afrika

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W. S. De Villiers

1976-11-01

Full Text Available Industrial Psycho logy is a relatively young discipline. In recent years, however, it has been characterised by accelerated development and today covers various areas of application. The most rapid progress in this respect was perhaps experienced in the field of personnel management. Personnel management can be defined as the planning, organising, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organisational goals. In the past some personnel departments rendered merely screening services which included little more than preliminary interviews of applicants, wage and salary administration and other routine administrative work. Personnel management has, however, undergone drastic changes in which the trend has been clearly towards broader and more important assignments. From narrowly prescribed chores, its responsibilities have grown wider and deeper. The personnel manager of the modern organisation is undisputably a participant in top management, where he provides leadership in developing policies and programmes for manpower management. Opsomming Wetenskaplike personeelbestuur kan gedefinieer word as die beplanning, organisasie, rigtinggewing en kontrole van die voorsiening, ontwikkeling, vergoeding, integrasie en instandhouding van personeel om sodoende 'n bydrae tot organisasiedoelbereiking te lewer. Waar die vroegste "personeeldepartemente" hul hoofsaaklik bemoei het met aktiwiteite soos rekrutering en keuring van werkers, loon- en salarisadministrasie en ander roetine en administratiewe take, het daar in die laaste aantal jare drastiese veranderinge na vore gekom. Die personeeldepartement het tans heelwat meer komplekse take van 'n bestuurs- en uitvoerende aard. Die senior personeelamptenaar is dan ook tans deel van die topbestuur van die onderneming waar hy leiding gee in die ontwikkeling van beleid en programme vir doeltreffende

Die Formatestadt

OpenAIRE

Günter Trojan

2013-01-01

Zu Zeiten von DV oder VHS (wer kennt das eigentlich noch?) war die Welt noch in Ordnung: Da hatte man eine Kassette in der Hand und wenn das passende Gerät gefunden wurde konnte man das Video auch abspielen. Günter Trojan diskutiert die Geschichte und Gegenwart unterschiedlicher Videoformate ...

Die pastorale sielkundige as diakonale pastor

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A. J. Smuts

1985-08-01

Full Text Available In die bedieningspatroon van die Ned. Geref. Kerk het die pastorale sielkundige die afgelope aantal jare steeds meer op die voorgrond begin tree. Hy is egter 'n problematiese figuur, wie se identiteit van meer as een kant onder bespreking is. In ander lande, selfs in die VSA waar die kerk veel gebruik maak van die sielkunde, is dit moeilik om 'n presiese parallel vir hom te vind. Sowel binne as buite die kerk word hy deur sommige bevraagteken. Daarom is dit noodsaaklik om vanuit die teologie te kyk na die werk wat hy doen.

DIE SAGD - SY ONTSTAAN EN ONTWIKKELING

African Journals Online (AJOL)

31 Okt 1977 ... stelling van 'n higiene afdeling het in 'n belang- rike behoefte voorsien. Die pligte van die SAGO het dus op hierdie stadium die ondersoek van soldate, die sanita- sie van kampe, die verpleging van pasiente in militere hospitale en die opleiding van lede be- hels. 'n Hoogtepunt was die opening van die.

Uitdagings in die onderrig van evolusie in die lewenswetenskappeklaskamer

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Josef J. de Beer

2013-02-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel skryf die outeurs oor navorsing wat hulle gedoen het oor onderwysers se siening van die onderrig van evolusie, wat in 2008 as ’n tema in lewenswetenskappe in Suid-Afrikaanse skole ingesluit is. Hierdie vernuwing in die kurrikulum is met gemengde reaksies begroet. Terwyl sommige onderwysers dit met entoesiasme onderrig, is baie gekant teen die onderrig van evolusie. Die artikel is gebaseer op ’n navorsingsprojek waarby 255 onderwysers betrek is. Vraelyste is gebruik om kwalitatiewe data, wat vir diskoers ontleed is, in te samel. Die diskoers van die onderwysers het getoon dat ’n groot getal van hulle nie hul onderrigopdrag kan versoen met hul geloof nie en konsepte oor evolusie as ‘feite’ verduidelik, maar seker maak dat evolusie as ’n teorie gediskrediteer word. Dit het verreikende implikasies vir sowel onderwyseropleiding as kurrikulumontwikkeling. Konseptuele veranderingsteorie word as ’n lens gebruik om na hierdie problematiek te kyk. Challenges in the teaching of evolution in the life sciences classroom. In this article the authors report on research that was conducted about teachers’ views on evolution, which was introduced as a theme in the school life sciences curriculum in 2008. This innovation in the curriculum has been met with mixed reactions. Whereas some teachers embrace this new theme, many teachers are opposed to the teaching of evolution. The article reports on an inquiry that was conducted amongst 255 teachers and in which survey questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data, which was analysed for its discourse. The discourse of the teachers shows that many of them cannot reconcile their religious faith with their teaching and that they may teach the ‘facts’ of evolution, but make sure that they discredit evolution as a theory. This raises serious concerns about teacher education and curriculum development. The authors examine these issues through the lens of conceptual change

Die linke und die rechte todesauffassung: Zur kritik einer antitotalitären thanatologie

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Kuljić Todor

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Hier sind die tiefere Schichten in der Todesauffassung bei der Ideologien der Linke und der Rechte untersucht und die Frage nach ihren antitotalitären Glei­chsetzung in punkto Betrachtung gestellt. Zu diesem Zweck werden verschiedene Opfersauffassungen und verschiedene Heilshoffnungen, aber auch verschiedene Ideolosierungen des Todes im Faschismus und Sozialismus gelegt, verglichen und in einen breiteren Kontext gestellt. Daraus folgt der starke Kluft zwischen linken und rechten Auffassung von normalen Lebensumständen. Die Herrschaft (nicht der Gott formiert und auf ideologische Weise nützt Angst vom Tod. Für die kritische Theorie ist die Gegenüberstellung von Leben und Tod ein Teil von emanzipatorische Praxis und Kapitalismuskritik. Die dargelegte Kritik der neoliberalen Thanathologie ist ein Teil von dieser Absicht.

Teaching about Dying and Death in a Multidisciplinary Student Group.

Science.gov (United States)

Barton, David; And Others

1979-01-01

Discusses dimensions which emerged in a multidisciplinary class of medical, nursing, social work, and theology students about dying and death. Group process was the most important aspect. Students evaluated their roles and transactions in caring for the dying. The recognition of solidarity of purpose, shared feeling, and mutual support emerged.…

Die gesprek tussen AB du Toit en EP Sanders oor Paulus en die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

debat (sien bv Beker 1978: 108; Dahl 1978: 154; Porter 1978: 263; Saldarini 1979: 299; Gaventa 1980: 42; Cooper 1982: 124-125; Gaston 1982: 401; Dunn 1983: 102-. 103; Gager 1983: 203; Loader 1984: 11-12; Ráisánen 1985: 544 en Moo 1986: 288). Caird (1978: 539) som die konsensus goed op deur te sê: 'For this ...

Die konteks vir die keuse van geriefsvoedsel van bepaalde ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Seugnet

70. Die konteks vir die keuse van geriefsvoedsel van bepaalde beroepsvroue *. Martha Kok en Priscilla Botha. ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research is to understand and describe the context in which career women choose, purchase and use convenience food (CF). A person is rarely isolated from or unaffected by.

Effect of process variables on the quality characteristics of pelleted wheat distiller's dried grains with solubles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaya Shankar Tumuluru; Lope Tabil; Anthony Opoku; Maria Rosario Mosqueda; Olaniyi Fadeyi

2011-04-01

The rapid expansion of ethanol processing plants in Canada has resulted in a significant increase in the production of wheat-based distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Transportation and flowability problems associated with DDGS necessitate investigations on pelleting. In the present study, the effect of process variables like die temperature (T) and feed moisture content (Mw) on the pellet properties like pellet moisture content, durability and pellet density was explored using a single pelleting machine; further studies on pelleting DDGS using a pilot-scale pellet mill were also conducted to understand the effect of die diameter and steam conditioning on durability and bulk density of pellets. Proximate analysis of DDGS indicated that crude protein and dry matter were in the range of 37.37–40.33% and 91.27–92.60%, respectively. Linear regression models developed for pellet quality attributes like pellet moisture content, pellet density and durability adequately described the single pelleting process with R2 value of 0.97, 0.99 and 0.7, respectively. ANOVA results have indicated that linear terms T and Mw and the interaction term T × Mw were statistically significant at P < 0.01 and P < 0.1 for pellet moisture content and pellet density. Based on the trends of the surface plots, a medium T of about 50–80 °C and a low Mw of about 5.1% resulted in maximum pellet density and durability and minimum pellet moisture content. Results from pilot-scale studies indicated that bulk density, durability and throughput values were 436.8–528.9 kg m-3, 60.3–92.7% and 45.52–68.77 kg h-1, respectively. It was observed that both die diameter and steam addition had a significant effect on the bulk density and the durability values. The highest bulk density and durability were achieved with 6.4 mm die diameter with steam addition compared to 7.9 mm die with or without steam addition.

Die Formatestadt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Günter Trojan

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Zu Zeiten von DV oder VHS (wer kennt das eigentlich noch? war die Welt noch in Ordnung: Da hatte man eine Kassette in der Hand und wenn das passende Gerät gefunden wurde konnte man das Video auch abspielen. Günter Trojan diskutiert die Geschichte und Gegenwart unterschiedlicher Videoformate ...

DIE SPRACHE VON "BAŠĆANSKA PLOČA" (DIE STEINTAFEL VON BAŠKA

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Stjepan Damjanović

1990-01-01

Full Text Available In einer Mehrzahl von Abhandlungen über Bašćanska ploča berücksichtigen die Verfasser auch die Sprache, in der Regel kurz, nur in einem oder zwei Sätzen. Die größten Bemühungen sind auf die Rekonstruirung der unlesbaren Teilen gerichtet, dagegen nicht weinger interessanter lesbarer Teil regte eine Sprachanalyse selten an. Gewöhnlich wird festgestellt, daß die Tafel in der kroatischen Sprache geschrieben ist, während die philologisch gut unterrichtete Forscher vermeiden diesartige Nenunngen, indem sie das Vorhandensein der altslawischen und altkroatischen Sprachelemente entdeckten. Man versuchte noch nicht in einer Analyse sprachliche Grundschichte und darauf geschichtete Sprachelemente zu bestimmen. Nach dem ersten Eindruck wurde bestimmt, ob es sich um "die kroatische Srpache mit den Elementen der alten slawischen liturgischen Sprache" handelt oder um "die altslawische in der manche kroatische Spracheigenschaften hereingekommen sind". Die Analyse mancher Spracheinzelheiten (Halblaute und "Jat" weist auf altslawische Grundschicht hin. Der Verfasser hat sich trotzdem nicht entschieden den Fachausdruck "kroatische Redaktion des altslawischen" zu verwenden, weil er neue Analyse und neue Begriffsbestimmungen als nötig hält, wie z.B. "Redaktion", "Rezension" usw, um mit Sicherkeit sagen zu können, ob es um kroatische Redaktion des altslawischen oder um andere Formen der altslawischen - alt kroatischen Interferenz geht.

Sal die Era van Aquarius met ’n “skrikkelsprong” in die millennium tot sy reg kom

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D. P. Smits

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Waar ons nou die einde van die 2de millennium AD nader, het dit duidelik geword dat daar heelwat verwarring heers oor hoe en waarom ons kalender opgestel is soos dit is. Die lengte van ’n jaar en van die astronomiese eeu word beide gedefinieer aan die hand van die posisie van ’n bepaalde punt aan die hemel, wat bekend staan as die Eerste punt van Aries. Deurdat hierdie punt met betrekking tot die sterre-agtergrond beweeg, skep dit probleme om sterrekundige gebeurtenisse, wat die seisoene bepaal, aan ’n vaste datum in ons kalender te koppel. Die Katolieke Kerk se wens om Paasfees op ’n datum te vier wat deur spesifieke astronomiese gebeurtenis se bepaal word, het in die 16de eeu gelei tot die implementering van die kalender wat nou internasionaal in gebruik is.

A process chain for integrating piezoelectric transducers into aluminum die castings to generate smart lightweight structures

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Stefan; Wedler, Jonathan; Rhein, Sebastian; Schmidt, Michael; Körner, Carolin; Michaelis, Alexander; Gebhardt, Sylvia

The application of piezoelectric transducers to structural body parts of machines or vehicles enables the combination of passive mechanical components with sensor and actuator functions in one single structure. According to Herold et al. [1] and Staeves [2] this approach indicates significant potential regarding smart lightweight construction. To obtain the highest yield, the piezoelectric transducers need to be integrated into the flux of forces (load path) of load bearing structures. Application in a downstream process reduces yield and process efficiency during manufacturing and operation, due to the necessity of a subsequent process step of sensor/actuator application. The die casting process offers the possibility for integration of piezoelectric transducers into metal structures. Aluminum castings are particularly favorable due to their high quality and feasibility for high unit production at low cost (Brunhuber [3], Nogowizin [4]). Such molded aluminum parts with integrated piezoelectric transducers enable functions like active vibration damping, structural health monitoring or energy harvesting resulting in significant possibilities of weight reduction, which is an increasingly important driving force of automotive and aerospace industry (Klein [5], Siebenpfeiffer [6]) due to increasingly stringent environmental protection laws. In the scope of those developments, this paper focuses on the entire process chain enabling the generation of lightweight metal structures with sensor and actuator function, starting from the manufacturing of piezoelectric modules over electrical and mechanical bonding to the integration of such modules into aluminum (Al) matrices by die casting. To achieve this challenging goal, piezoceramic sensors/actuator modules, so-called LTCC/PZT modules (LPM) were developed, since ceramic based piezoelectric modules are more likely to withstand the thermal stress of about 700 °C introduced by the casting process (Flössel et al., [7]). The

Author: T Bekker DIE MOONTLIKE REGSHERVORMING VAN DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RV

So ver terug as die vroeë twintigste eeu het die Appèlhof in Cassiem v Standard. Bank of SA Ltd,1 .... 838; Capital Building Society v De Jager 1963 3 SA 381 (T); Smit v Walles 1985 2 SA 189 (T). 196-198. 18 ...... moeilik kon regverdig.97. Ons howe het tot op hede gehuiwer om 'n algemene plig van goeie trou ten aansien.

'n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek na die invloed van aspekte van die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

S Blignaut

ISSN 0378-5254 Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol 26: No1, 1998. 15 ...... van byvoorbeeld die televisie en gedrukte media 'n invloed op die .... fashion promotion and advertising. New York. ... Consumer behaviour to-.

Metodes in die Christelike etiek

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The basic question in Christian ethics is not primarily. 'What should I do?' The basic question is rather ' ... should therefore be accepted as being part of the method used in Christian ethics. 1. INLEIDEND ..... aan die kant van die onderdrukte' verkondig word, word die Christen opgeroep om horn te skaar aan die kant van die ...

Au XXIème siècle, qui sont les patients dialysés souffrant d'une hyperparathyroïdie secondaire sévère ? Cohorte prospective, multicentrique de patients dialysés, incidents pour l'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire. EPHEYL (Etude PHarmacoEpidémiologique de l'hYperparathyroïdie secondaire en Lorraine)

OpenAIRE

Thomas-Laurain , Emmanuelle

2013-01-01

Non disponible / Not available; L'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire (HPTS) est une complication fréquente de l'insuffisance rénale chronique. Mais son diagnostic et sa prise en charge sont encore complexes et mal codifiés. Dans notre étude, nous faisons l'hypothèse que la population de patients atteints d'HPTS est hétérogène. L'objectif de notre étude était d'identifier des sous-groupes de patients présentant un profil d'HPTS commun à partir des données cliniques, biologiques et thérapeutiques di...

Rituele van plesier: Dolf van Coller se Die Bieliebalies

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J. van Wyk

1998-04-01

Full Text Available Rituals of pleasure: Dolf van Coller’s Die Bieliebalies This article is an analysis of Dolf van Coller's Die Bieliebalies (1993, read as a hedonist text. It has many points of similarity with what Bakhtin (1984 called grotesque realism, and with Nietzsche’s views as expounded in The birth of tragedy (1956. By comparing Van Caller's text to that of Bakhtin and Nietzsche, a counter-discourse to contemporary moral discourses such as feminism is explored. Van Coller’s use of laughter as a relativising mechanism is very liberating in the context where petty morality intervenes dogmatically in the field of literature and other spheres of life.

Wechsel des Bibliothekssystems in die Cloud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Kauke

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Cloudbasierte Bibliothekssysteme stellen die neue Generation der Bibliothekssysteme dar. Sie ermöglichen ein gemeinsames Management von Print- und elektronischen Medien. Da in der Hochschulbibliothek der Fachhochschule Münster die elektronischen Ressourcen entscheidend zur Literaturversorgung von Lehrenden und Studierenden beitragen, beschäftigt sich ein Projektteam seit Ende 2014 mit der Evaluation des Systems WorldShare Management Services (WMS der Firma OCLC. Die ersten Ergebnisse und einige weitere Überlegungen zur Migration des Systems werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Cloud-based library systems are the next generation of library systems. They offer a joint management of print and electronic media. At the library of the University of Applied Sciences Münster, electronic resources are an important part of the literature provision for staff and students. Therefore, a project team has been evaluating OCLC’s system WorldShare Management Services (WMS since the autumn of 2014. The paper presents first results and discusses a possible migration.

Development of materials for the rapid manufacture of die cast tooling

Science.gov (United States)

Hardro, Peter Jason

The focus of this research is to develop a material composition that can be processed by rapid prototyping (RP) in order to produce tooling for the die casting process. Where these rapidly produced tools will be superior to traditional tooling production methods by offering one or more of the following advantages: reduced tooling cost, shortened tooling creation time, reduced man-hours for tool creation, increased tool life, and shortened die casting cycle time. By utilizing RP's additive build process and vast material selection, there was a prospect that die cast tooling may be produced quicker and with superior material properties. To this end, the material properties that influence die life and cycle time were determined, and a list of materials that fulfill these "optimal" properties were highlighted. Physical testing was conducted in order to grade the processability of each of the material systems and to optimize the manufacturing process for the downselected material system. Sample specimens were produced and microscopy techniques were utilized to determine a number of physical properties of the material system. Additionally, a benchmark geometry was selected and die casting dies were produced from traditional tool materials (H13 steel) and techniques (machining) and from the newly developed materials and RP techniques (selective laser sintering (SLS) and laser engineered net shaping (LENS)). Once the tools were created, a die cast alloy was selected and a preset number of parts were shot into each tool. During tool creation, the manufacturing time and cost was closely monitored and an economic model was developed to compare traditional tooling to RP tooling. This model allows one to determine, in the early design stages, when it is advantageous to implement RP tooling and when traditional tooling would be best. The results of the physical testing and economic analysis has shown that RP tooling is able to achieve a number of the research objectives, namely