Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Analyses of the date obtained from the instrumented impact test and of its correlation with static and dynamic J integral values and various tensile properties are made in this study. It is shown that a dynamic bending yield load recorded in the instrumented Charpy V test can be easily converted to a dynamic tensile yield stress using Server's equation. It is also possible to estimate a true fracture strain, COD value, and SZW easily if the load point displacement is recorded. Temperature dependency of Charpy V energy and J integral values is rather well simulated by a curve fitting method. However, a half value transition temperture obtained in that method has no physical meaning. Dynamic J sub(ID) is larger than a static J sub(IC) in the ductile fracture range in this study. This rise is proportional to the yield stress ratio sigmasub(yd)/sigmasub(y)(--1.2-1.3). It is ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT Crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is becoming one of the most accepted methods for characterizing fully plastic fracture. It provides a measure of the resistance to fracture for a material in cases where there is a large degree of stable-tearing crack extension during the fracture process. Our current pipeline research uses the CTOA test as an alternative, or addition, to the CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) and the fracture energy characterization provided by the J-integral approach. A test technique was developed for measurement of CTOA that uses a modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) specimen. A digital camera and image analysis software were used to record the progression of the crack tip and to estimate the CTOA. In this article, CTOA data on crack growth orientations per...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dynamic fracture toughness tests were performed on materials which had been subjected to one of three long-time post weld type stress relief heat treatments: 48 hours at 1000/degree/F (538/degree/C), 24 hours at 1125/degree/F (607/degree/C), and 48 hours at 1125/degree/F (607/degree/C). Linear elastic K/sub Id/ results were obtained at low temperatures while J-integral techniques were utilized to evaluate dynamic fracture toughness over the transition and upper shelf temperature ranges. Tensile, Charpy impact, and drop weight nil-ductility transition tests as well as room temperature, air environment fatigue crack growth rate tests (SA508 Cl 2a only) were also performed. The fracture toughness of both materials exceeded the ASME specified minimum reference toughness K/sub IR/ curve. 17 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The automatic interpretation of apparent resistivity curves from horizontally layered earth models is carried out by the curve-fitting method in three steps: (1) the observed VES data are interpolated at equidistant points of electrode separations on the logarithmic scale by using the cubic spline function, (2) the layer parameters which are resistivities and depths are predicted from the sampled apparent resistivity values by SALS system program and (3) the theoretical VES curves from the models are calculated by Ghosh's linear filter method using the Zhody's computer program. Two soundings taken over Takenoyu geothermal area were chosen to test the procedures of the automatic interpretation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new method of particle identification of heavy ions through the measurement of the Bragg curve centroid and particle energy has been developed using a gas ionization chamber with a resistive anode layer. Z-resolutions comparable to the conventional #DELTA#E-E counter telescope could be rather easily attained. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The single specimen unloading compliance technique has become the preferred method for evaluating J-integrals. It involves data acquisition and analysis using a computer. This paper describes in detail the development of a simple experimental system and related software that can be used in a laboratory equipped with a microcomputer and with access to a minicomputer. The effects of loading rate, test temperature, specimen geometry and material composition can be readily evaluated using this system. The results on a pressure vessel steel and an #alpha#-#beta# titanium alloy are discussed in Part II. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The damage induced by low-temperature proton irradiation in amorphous Pd/sub 80/Si/sub 20/ prepared by ion implantation is studied via electrical resistivity measurements. Our experimental results concerning the initial damage rate and the resistivity saturation are compared to the results obtained for electron and high energy /sup 16/O irradiation of amorphous Pd/sub 80/Si/sub 20/ quenched from the melt. The resistivity curve is analyzed in terms of irradiation-induced point defects.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large acceptance, high stopping power Bragg curve spectrometer has been developed for use in coincidence experiments with heavy ions. The electron collection fields are radial and position information is obtained from a resistive anode. The detector is 60 cm deep and operates at pressures of up to 2.5 atm of P-10 gas. It is mated to a scattering chamber which allows it to be moved out of plane during coincidence measurements. Factors affecting the performance of the detector are discussed, and results obtained with the detector are presented. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer has been constructed at the JAERI 20 MV tandem accelerator facility. A position-sensitive start detector, which consists of a thin carbon foil, microchannel plates and a resistive plate, was developed for the TOF measurements through the spectrometer. The time and position resolutions obtained were 120 ps and 0.3 mm for ..cap alpha.. particles from /sup 241/Am, respectively. A two-dimensional position-sensitive detector was also developed to measure the solid angle of the spectrometer and the maximum solid angle obtained was 9.5 msr. As a particle detector a Bragg curve ionization chamber was developed. From the Bragg curves of heavy ions in the detector, energies, ranges and Bragg curve peaks were measured and used for particle identification. The resolving power Z/..delta..Z of the atomic number was about 50.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large acceptance, high stopping power, Bragg curve spectrometer has been developed for use in coincidence experiments with heavy ions. The electron collection fields are radial and position information is obtained from a resistive anode. The detector is 60 cm deep and operates at pressures of up to 2.5 atm of P-10 gas. It is mated to a scattering chamber which allows it to be moved out of plane during coincidence measurements. The detector design was aided by the results of computer simulations of the electron collection process in the detector, and of the signal processing in the electronics. The signals from the Bragg curve spectrometer are recorded in a waveform digitizer and the Bragg peak height, range, position and pileup rejection information are determined from software analysis of the recorded signals. Factors limiting the performance of the detector are discussed, and results obtained with the detector are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Age-related deterioration of the fracture properties of bone, coupled with increased life expectancy, are responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly, and hence, an understanding of how its fracture properties degrade with age is essential. The present study describes ex vivo fracture experiments to quantitatively assess the effect of aging on the fracture toughness properties of human cortical bone in the longitudinal direction. Because cortical bone exhibits rising crack-growth resistance with crack extension, unlike most previous studies the toughness is evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, measured for bone taken from wide range of age groups (34-99 years). Using this approach, both the ex vivo crack-initiation and crack-growth toughness are determined and are found to deteriorate with age; the initiation toughness decreases some 40% over six decades from 40 to 100 years, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flow-curve characteristics of the heat-resistant steels X 20 CrMoV 12.1 and alloy 800 (X5NiCrTiAl32.20) were measured by tensile and compression tests at temperatures between room temperature and 800 C and strain rates {epsilon}{<=}10 s{sup -1} in connection with microstructure investigations (dislocation content, carbide precipitation) by TEM and X-ray diffraction analysis (XDA). Modelling the deformation behaviour of the steels in terms of the microstructure development indicates that it cannot be explained in a simple manner. The flow curves {sigma}={sigma}({epsilon}, {epsilon}, T) lie, in general, between those predicted by the Kocks-Mecking-Estrin model and a modified (i.e. two-parameter) Roberts model. Because of the less complicated nature of the deformation process the correspondence of experiment and modelling is more satisfying in the case of the material X 20 CrMoV 12.1. (orig.) 26 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of AA 5083 has been compared to that of MIG welded joints. Pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in 3.5% NaCl + 0.3 g/l H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and in EXCO (4 M KCl + 0.5 M KNO{sub 3} + 0.1 M HNO{sub 3}) solutions has been determined at 25 C. SCC susceptibility was evaluated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT), at a strain rate of 1 x 10{sup -6}s{sup -1}. Welds obtained by FSW technique showed a higher corrosion resistance in EXCO solution and a lower pitting tendency than the base alloy. Electrochemical measurements (corrosion potential measurements, polarization curves recording) evidenced that FSW weld was cathodic to base alloy. FSW joints were not susceptible to SCC in both test solutions, whereas MIG joints cracked in both solutions. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

A Bragg curve ionization chamber for acceleration mass spectrometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cold plasma nitriding treatment was performed to improve the corrosion resistance of C38 carbon steel. Nitriding process was conducted using a radiofrequency nitrogen plasma discharge for different times of treatment on non-heated substrates. The modification of the corrosion resistance characteristic of the C38 steel due to the treatment in acid medium (1 M HCl) were investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that the plasma nitriding treatment improves the corrosion resistance. Indeed, in the gravimetric tests, nitrided samples showed lower weight loss and lower corrosion rate in comparison to untreated one. In the Tafel polarisation tests, the nitrided samples showed greatly reduced corrosion current densities, anodic dissolution and also retarded the hydrogen evolution reaction. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Elastically deforming thin glass (thickness = 0.13 to 0.80 mm) provides an alternate method of forming a curved glass reflector which can eliminate some of the disadvantages of thicker glass. A concept is described where silvered thin glass is bonded to a steel backing to form a laminate with a reflectance greater than 93%. Subsequent bending of the flat reflector laminate to a concentrating profile produces compressive stresses throughout the glass if the laminate is properly designed. These compressive stresses enhance fracture resistance and the lamination provides protection for the silver. The design of the laminate is outlined for 0.25 and 0.51 mm thickness glass and fabrication procedures are discussed. Thermal/humidity cycling, hail impact, bond strength measurements and reflectance results are presented which demonstrate the performance capabilities of this reflector laminate concept.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conference proceedings contains 30 papers of which five are abstracted separately. The subjects covered include fatigue crack growth in aircraft materials, fractographic measurements, fatigue cracks in nylon 66 blends, cyclic inelastic deformation aspects, prestressing, tensile cracks in creeping solids, creep-crack-growth in 304 stainless steel, high-temperature fatigue, parallel impact loading, numerical fracture dynamic code, J-resistance curves, specimen geometry effects, reactor piping systems, temperature dependence of fracture toughness, small-scale yielding, compact specimens, power hardening materials, semi-empirical fracture analyses, pipeline girth welds, wrought steels, and A36 bridge steels.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weight loss measurements were performed in 20% and 28% hydrochloric acid at 90/sup 0/C on carbon steel, 22Cr5Ni duplex stainless steel, and two superaustenitic steels - 27Cr31Ni3Mo and 19Cr25Ni4Mo -, in presence of organic substances used singly or mixed. The organic substances examined were quaternary ammonium salts (1-4-pyridyl)-pyridinium chloride hydrochloride, dodecylpyridiniumchloride, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide), alkynols (1-octyn-3-ol, propargyl alcohol) and trans-cinnamaldehyde. The synergistic effect of potassium iodide on the inhibitive efficiency of the organic substances was studied. The variations of corrosion rate during the test time (normally six hours) were recorded by means of polarization resistance measurements. Polarization curves were also recorded. The results showed that the corrosion rates of the four steels examined can be reduced to less than 1 mg/cm/sup -2/ . h/sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Notched and smooth cylindrical plasma nitrided (PN) and quench and tempered (Q and T) steel specimens made of a B-Mn SS2131 ({approx}AISI 15B21H) steel have been exposed to constant amplitude plane reversed bending corrosion fatigue tests (R = -1) at 47 Hz in sea water. S - N curves show that sea water suppresses the fatigue limit and reduces fatigue strength (especially at long lives) of smooth and notched Q and T and PN specimens. Plasma nitriding improves the corrosion fatigue resistance of Q and T specimens; this is associated with the good corrosion resistance of {epsilon} and {gamma}`-phases, the enhancement of corrosion and fatigue by compressive residual stresses, and the consumption of H{sup +} ions during reduction of nitrogen. This improvement is more significant for smooth specimens and for long lives. Notch sensitivity of Q and T and PN specimens decreases with fatigue life. Pitting corrosion, cyclic applied ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a new class of thiadiazole derivatives, namely 3,5-bis(2-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2-TTH) and 3,5-bis(3-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3-TTH), have been studied as possible corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in molar hydrochloric acid (1M HCl). Polarisation curves and AC impedance methods have been used. These studies have shown that the thiadiazole derivatives were very good inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl. Comparison of results showed that 3-TTH was the best inhibitor. The potential of zero charge (PZC) of mild steel was studied by ac impedance method, and the mechanism of adsorption has been predicted. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis with thiadiazole derivatives shows that it chemisorbed at the mild steel/HCl interface. The adsorption of these inhibitors followed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The electronic properties of 2-TTH and 3-TTH, obtained using the AM1 semi-empirical quantum chemical approach, were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pile foundations in several coastal and offshore structures are subjected to significant amounts of lateral loads due to wave action. Usually batter piles are adopted to resist large lateral loads. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the behavior of batter pile in clayey soils through an experimental program carried out on instrumented model aluminium piles of 26 mm diameter in a test tank of size, 1,200 mm x 800mm x 1,100 mm. The pile was instrumented with electrical resistance type strain gauges to determine the bending moment variations along the depth of embedment of pile. Bending moment vis depth relationships were used to determine the Soil reaction (p) and lateral displacement (y) along the length of the pile for the applied load. From the bending moment vs depth curves it is found that depth of maximum bending moment is greater for negative batter pile than for vertical and positive batter pile. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

An improved method for measuring distillation curves reveals the physicochemical properties of complex fluids such as fuels. PMID:20041713

CERN Document Server

Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The influence of chemical composition and heat treatment on a low-carbon steel, chromium steel and high speed steel has been examined by polarisation curves and electrochemical parameters deduced from the Tafel plots. The electrochemical corrosion resistance, which is small between the as-received steels become greater after heat treatment, following the order: carbon steel < chromium steel #approx# high speed steel. To explain these differences, the nano- and microstructure of the steels has been characterized by the ex situ techniques of atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy, before and after surface etching with Nital (a solution of 5% HNO_3 in ethanol). This causes preferential attack of the ferrite phases showing the carbide phases more clearly. From these nanostructural studies it was possible to better understand why the passive films formed on chromium steel and high speed steel have superior protective properties to those ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have measured the magnetization of single-phase 90-K superconductors, GdBa_2Cu_3O/sub 6+#delta#/, EuBa_2Cu_3O/sub 6+#delta#/, and SmBa_2Cu_3O/sub 6+#delta#/ with a SQUID magnetometer. They have shown that, in the superconducting state, each magnetization-field curve exhibits a maximum at #approx# 100 G, followed by a linear increase of the magnetization with a slope only approximately one-fifth of the slope for a field smaller than 50 G. They have also investigated the effect of #gamma#-irradiation on YBa_2Cu_3O/sub 6+#delta#/, SmBa_2Cu_3O/sub 6+#delta#/, and have found that the radiation damage results in the appearance of a tail in the superconducting transition. They have also shown that the normal resistance decreases with increasing radiation exposure up to a dose of 10 Mrad.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper deals with the fouling process of calcium sulfate dehydrate on heat-transfer surfaces. The crystallization of calcium sulfate showed typical asymptotic fouling curves, the asymptotic value of which was greatly influenced by the surface temperature and fluid velocity. The fouling mechanism was discussed with a generalized fouling model and proved to be surface process controlled, where the activation energy was 6.2 {times} 10{sup 4} J/mol. The availability of mechanical cleaning against the formed scale was quantitatively evaluated by applying the particle abrasion method. The removal test verified that the removing rate per unit particle concentration decreased in an inverse proportion to the overall particle load, to the power of 0.8, and that it was affected by the fluid velocity. The observed final residual fouling resistance decreased asymptotically with an increase in particle concentration. The suitable concentration of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The survival time of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after whole-body "6"0Co-#gamma#-irradiation in the range of 600 to 200 000 rad was investigated. The two plateaus of the dose-survival curve which correspond to bone marrow and gastrointestinal death are similar to those of other species such as mice, rats and mongolian gerbils. A new plateau occurring 40-57 hours after doses of 30 000-60 000 rad, where there is a little reduction in survival time, has been found. It is in addition to the well recognized central nervous system (CNS) syndrome. This plateau is observed only in golden hamsters, presumably because of their relatively high resistance to CNS syndrome. Experiments involving partial body irradiation of the animals indicate that the target is in the cephalic one-third of abdomen. The new segment may well indicate a new type of acute somatic radiation injury different from the well known bone marrow, gastrointestinal and CNS ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The high cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) poses a significant challenges to their commercial uptake. The bipolar plates connect the anode and cathodes of cells and separate the reactant gases, and are the most expensive components in PEMFCs. Although stainless steel can be used as a low-cost alternative in bipolar plate construction, steel is prone to electrochemical corrosion in the highly acidic PEMFC operation process. This study examined the polarization curves and ICR as a function of compaction force of a high Cr and Ni austenitic stainless steel in an environment simulating the bipolar plate under PEMFC operating conditions. The 3-electrode system consisted of a platinum (Pt) sheet, a saturated calomel electrode with a Luggin capillary contract with the used solution and the work electrode. All polarization curves were measured in a solution of H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} in order to simulate the aggressive PEMFC environment. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The potentiodynamic polarization measurement of 254SMO stainless steel (UNS 31254) was conducted in 3.5% NaCl solutions with pH ranging from 0.1 to 5. The results indicated that this stainless steel offered excellent pitting corrosion resistance in corrosive environments. Further, it also exhibited various features on the polarization curves in different pH solutions. The electrochemical constant-potential passivation treatment performed at different pH followed by XPS analysis revealed that the primary constituents of the outermost layer of the passive films formed in the weak (pH 5) and strong (pH 0.8) acid solutions are iron oxides and Cr_2O_3 and Cr(OH)_3, respectively. Molybdenum oxides, primarily in the six-valence state, existed in the outermost layer of the passive film. Only very weak signals corresponding to that of nickel oxides were detected in the film formed in the weak acid (pH 5) solution. The ICP-MS analyses indicated selective ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A personal computer based single specimen unloading technique has been demonstrated using a nuclear grade pressure vessel material, A533B Class I steel, and an #alpha#-#beta# titanium alloy, CORONA-5. Experimental parameters investigated in the case of steel include the effect of test temperature, loading rate and neutron irradiation. Results revealed the effect of dynamic strain aging (DSA) as a drop in the critical crack initiation fracture toughness (Jsub(q)); the minimum in Jsub(q) shifts to higher temperatures at higher test speeds as predicted from DSA models. In CORONA-5, the effects of microstructure and heat treatment for two different sizes of equiaxed #alpha# morphology in a #beta#-matrix heat treated to different yield strengths were investigated. It is found that the observed higher values of Jsub(q) and tearing modulus result from a greater tortuosity of the crack path and ease of crack blunting. The largest increase in Jsub(q) occurred in fine equiaxed #alpha# ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed in stainless steels are thin and fine oxide films, a high corrosion resistance can be provided by these films. This study formed SiO2 protective coating on the substrate of SUS 304 stainless steels by chemical vapor deposition using TEOS-O3 system. Firstly, relations of substrate temperature and deposition rate of films, chemical composition, refractive index of films were investigated. Then, the corrosion resistance of SUS 304 stainless steels coated SiO2 films was examined by activation time and an anodic polarization curve in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution. The results were obtained as follows. Thickness of SiO2 films linearly increases with time at the deposition temperature of 473 to 673 K. Si-OH bonds would disappear above the deposition temperature of 573 K, almost perfect SiO2 films were obtained. The activation time in 1 kmol[center dot]m[sup -3] HCl solution increased with ...

Science.gov (United States)

Isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (IHCA) is a reliable technique for assessing indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. Impedance measurement of the respiratory system by the forced pseudorandom noise oscillation technique is a sensitive technique to assess changes in bronchial tone after IHCA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate, 1,000 microg x day-1, on IHCA in asthmatic patients, measured with both forced oscillation technique and flow-volume recordings. Forty patients with mild asthma were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study. Stratification on the basis of sex was performed to overcome differences in airway diameter. At entry and every 2 weeks during the treatment period, IHCA was performed and patient diaries were evaluated. Characteristic changes in forced oscillation parameters after IHCA were observed in all patients. After 6 weeks of treatment, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper tests the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for four local (SOx, NOx, CO, VOC) and two global (CO2, GHG) air pollutants. Using a new panel data set of thirty OECD countries, the paper finds that the postulated inverted U-shaped relationship between income and pollution does not hold for all gases. A meaningful Environmental Kuznets Curve exists only for CO, VOC and NOx, where for CO2 the curve is monotonically increasing. For GHG there is indication of an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and pollution, but still most countries are on the increasing path of the curve and hence the future development of the curve is uncertain. For SOx it was found that emissions follow an U-shaped curve. Based on the empirical results, the paper concludes that the Environmental Kuznets Curve does not hold for all gases, it is ...

Science.gov (United States)

C. Learning Curve. The learning curve concept has long been recognized and ...... F4. TERMIA. S - STATION EQUIPMENT. V - VLBI VALIDATION EQUIPMENT ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This thesis was carried out at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant. The power plant in Forsmark consists of three boiling water reactors (BWR) which produce about 17% of Swedish electricity. In a BWR the nuclear reactions are used to boil water inside the reactor vessel. The water works both as a coolant and as a moderator and the resulting steam is used directly to run the turbines. A problem when running a BWR at low flow conditions is the density wave oscillations that might occur to the water flow inside the fuel assemblies. These oscillations arise due to the connection between power and flow rate in a heated channel with two-phase flow. In order to improve the stability performance of the channel an orifice plate is placed at the inlet of each fuel assembly. Today these orifice plates have sharp edges and a constant resistance coefficient. Experimental work has been done with progressive orifices, the edge of which is half-oval in shape. The advantage of progressive ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Since the last review of the problem of insecticide-resistance was presented in this journal at the beginning of 1958, resistance has been discovered in 16 new species, and in at least 14 species both...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:10552155

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The true potential energy curve for the x "1#SIGMA#"+ state of BeO has been calculated using the RKRV method. The dissociation energy of the ground state has been estimated to be 5.15 +- 0.05 eV by the curve-fitting method using the three-parameter potential energy function of Lippincott with an RKRV potential energy curve. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only. 2 figs.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... 31 5.4 FACTORIAL DESIGN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS..... ... resistance. o Factorial design statistical analysis gave the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haemocyanin serves as normal transporter of oxygen in many Arthropods. The oxygen equilibrium curves have been described for the haemocyanins of many Arthropods and Molluscs. Oxygen equilibrium curves of the blood reveal the relationship between the oxygen tension and the percentage saturation of the haemocyanin. The shape of the oxygen equilibrium curves vary in position from sigmoid to hyperbolic in different animals or even undulatory as shown in some chitons. Oxygen equilibrium curves are known to be influenced by pH, temperature and inorganic ions. The effect of environmental pollutants like the heavy metals on the oxygen equilibrium curves of the fresh water crab has not been previously reported. One of the toxic heavy metals with regard to aquatic organisms is lead. Hence the present study was designed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic lead on the oxygen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grain refinement behavior of copper alloys cast in permanent molds was investigated. This is one of the least studied subjects in copper alloy castings. Grain refinement is not widely practiced for leaded copper alloys cast in sand molds. Aluminum bronzes and high strength yellow brasses, cast in sand and permanent molds, were usually fine grained due to the presence of more than 2% iron. Grain refinement of the most common permanent mold casting alloys, leaded yellow brass and its lead-free replacement EnviroBrass III, is not universally accepted due to the perceived problem of hard spots in finished castings and for the same reason these alloys contain very low amounts of iron. The yellow brasses and Cu-Si alloys are gaining popularity in North America due to their low lead content and amenability for permanent mold casting. These alloys are prone to hot tearing in permanent mold casting. Grain refinement is one of the solutions for reducing this problem. However, to use this ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) is applied to inspect internal structures of weakly absorbing low-Z sample. How to extract phase information from raw images measured in different positions of rocking curve is the key problem of DEI. In this paper, we present an effective extraction method called polynomial curve fitting method, in order to extract accurate information angular in a fast speed. It is com- pared with the existing methods such as multiple-images statistical method and Gaussian curve fitting method. The experiments results on a plastic cylinder and a black ant at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility prove that the polynomial curve fitting method can obtain most approximate refraction-angle values and its computation speed is 10 times faster than the Gaussian curve fitting method. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

HT-29 human colon tumor cells growing as spheroids have been evaluated as a model system for measuring the response of human colon tumor cell to antineoplastic agents. HT-29 cells have been capacity to form spheroids up to 1 mm or more in diameter when grown in spinner culture. The multicellular HT-29 spheroids develop hypoxic centers reflecting the cellular conditions found in human cancer treatment, i.e., nutritionally deficient hypoxic cells that are felt to be a significant source of both radiation and chemotherapy clinical treatment failures. Spheroids of increasing size were radiated and then dispersed into single cells for colony survival assay. Compared with irradiated single cell suspensions, the spheroid cells demonstrated a significant increase in radioresistance. Growing spheroids developed a complex radiation survival curve which was variable with respect to size of the spheroid. The drug 5-Fu was studied to examine in a preliminary fashion its ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Among the most promising technological alternatives for the development of photovoltaic modules and cells of a low cost, good energetic conversion and feasibility for mass production, polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells deposited directly on a transparent substrate are currently being considered the best. We have developed in our laboratory a PECVD reactor capable of producing the deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon at rates of above 2 nm/seg, allowing a significant production per line on the plant. Discharge gas is silane, to which diborane or phosphine is added so as to form the cell. Basically, work is done on a structure of cell type TCO/n+/p-/p+/M, which has 2 {mu}m of total thickness. Schott AF-37 glass is used as a substrate, for their ability to withstand temperatures of up to 800 C. The amorphous cell is subsequently annealed at gradual temperatures of 100 C to achieve dehydrogenation up to 650-700 C for 12 h until their complete crystallization is achieved. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrochemical dissolution behaviour of armco-iron and of the steels C15, C45, C60 and 100Cr6 in concentrated sodium chloride media has been investigated. Anodic metal dissolution experiments have been carried out using the flow channel cell (parallel plate reactor), the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) and the capillary cell. The microstructure of the steel has been varied through variation of carbon content and heat treatment (e.g. soft annealed with globular carbides or pearlitic). Current-efficiency values have been obtained by gravimetric measurements in the current-density range from i=5 to 60 A/cm{sup 2}. For the soft annealed steels, the divalent ferrite dissolution in combination with electroless cementite removal dominates. For the pearlitic steels, the occurrence of oxygen evolution electronically conductive metal carbides or trivalent ferrite dissolution, depending on the current density applied, was detected. Microstructure dependent potentiostatic current transients ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alloy 600 is commonly used in the primary systems of PWR plants because of its excellent resistance to a stress corrosion cracking and pitting. But a stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion are occasionally observed under PWR conditions, which may be correlated with the passive film on the Alloy 600 surface. There is little information on the composition of films growing on the surface of Alloy 600 at high temperature. Therefore, an understanding of the basic electrochemical behaviors about an anodic dissolution and the passivation of the bare surface of metals and alloys provides important information about localized corrosions like a SCC and pitting. Oxide on the steel surfaces in an aqueous solution above 100 .deg. C is composed of a duplex film structure. The inner layer of the oxide is dense and less porous, which is formed by a growth of the oxide layer on the metal surface. Outer layer of the oxide is less adhesive, which is formed by a dissolution ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After being pre-plated a zinc layer, an amorphous Al-Mn alloy coating was applied onto the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy with a bath of molten salts. Then the corrosion performance of the coated magnesium alloy was examined in 3.5% NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the single Zn layer was active in the test solution with a high corrosion rate while the Al-Mn alloy coating could effectively protect AZ31B magnesium alloy from corrosion in the solution. The high corrosion resistance of Al-Mn alloy coating was ascribed to an intact and stable passive film formed on the coating. The performances of the passive film on Al-Mn alloy were further investigated by Mott-Schottky curve and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It was confirmed that the passive film exhibited n-type semiconducting behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution with a carrier density two ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The parameters including knot numbers, knot positions and the weights associated with the systematic errors in the cubic spline curve fitting method were discussed. The conditions of using fitting criterion were given as well.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a fundamental tool to assess the discriminant performance for not only a single marker but also a score function combining...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... However, the solution of the Stefan problem in this context becomes abruptly complicated, since within each zone, the differential equations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In reservoir fluid flow, the situation described by an increase in nonwetting phase saturation followed by an increase in wetting phase saturation causes a relative permeability hysteresis effect that is well known. This paper presents a method which allows the calculation of imbibition relative permeability starting at any saturation. The data required are the drainage curve, the historical maximum non wetting saturation, and a minimum of one additional point on some corresponding experimental imbibition curve. In this development, all imbibition curves are shown to be parallel. Also significant is the fact that the residual nonwetting phase saturation can be calculated without a complete experimental specification of the imbibition curve. 5 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

... The ultimate compressive strength was measured, and values for Young's modulus were calculated from the linear portion of the test curve. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bloodstream infection by highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), is a growing clinical problem that increasingly defies medical intervention....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study determined risk factors for the recovery of piperacillin-tazobactam-resistant P. aeruginosa...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose of reviewPhysicians, researchers and policy makers must understand the myriad consequences of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) within...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The direct detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sufficiently difficult that many laboratories do not attempt it. Most pyrazinamide resistance is caused...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Longitudinal electrical resistances have been measured on 2-centimeter segments of corn (Zea mays L.) roots, cut at varying distances from the root apex. The segment resistances vary...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative fecal bacteria from pigs in three herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure were examined. In general, smaller proportions of antibiotic-resistant...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efficiency calibration curves for different densities and geometries are necessary for activity determination of various environmental samples. Commercially available standards or natural radioactive materials are used for calibration. Potassium compounds are especially suitable, since they can be mixed with unknown samples. It is possible to determine efficiency curve and unknown activity of sample knowing "4"0 K activity. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new method named 'Bragg curve spectroscopy', based on the Bragg curve of the heavy ion being stopped in a gaseous ionization chamber, has been developed for identifying the particle and measuring its energy. The design of such a chamber and the experience obtained with chamber using various kinds of fast heavy ions are described. In conclusion, several problems to be solved in this method are pointed out. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The development of several DDT-resistant strains of Anopheles atroparvus is described. They were selected by larval treatment only (RL), selection of larval and adult females (RLAF),...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The resistance to pitting of a Fe-17%Cr alloy in Cl[sup [minus

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A strain of Pseudomonas syringae was recently identified as the cause of a new foliar blight of impatiens. The bacterium was resistant to copper compounds, which are used on a variety...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECTA genetic basis for aspirin resistance has been postulated to exist.The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this work we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the development and mechanisms of erythromycin (Ery) resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We compared the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the serotypes causing mucosal and invasive diseases, and the antibiotic resistance of these strains...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to utilize an in vitro biofilm model of subgingival plaque to investigate resistances in subgingival biofilm...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this effort, the nonlinear responses and stability of a spindle system supported by ball bearings are presented. The dynamics of this system is described by a set of second order differential equations with a nonlinear piecewise smooth force. The Floquet theory is applied to investigate the stability of the periodic solution. Due to the loss of contact between the raceways and balls in the ball bearing, the bending of the frequency response curves switch to the left at the weak resonance region, which is similar to the frequency response curves of a system with a soft spring. With the decrease of the bearing clearance, the bending of the frequency response curves switch to the right, which is similar to the frequency response curves of a system with a hard spring. Increase of the frequency ratio, the bending of frequency response curves transforms from left to right. The route to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of sphene and epidote are of interest in studies related to their radiation damage. Natural and artificially induced TL of these minerals has, therefore, been investigated. Both minerals exhibit complex glow curves with several overlapping peaks. The Tsub(m) -Tsub(STOP) thermal cleaning procedure has revealed three peaks in the ..gamma.. ray induced glow curve of each mineral. That these peaks obey second order kinetics was indicated by the continuously slanting structure of the Tsub(m)-Tsub(STOP) curve. The TL parameters E and s have been calculated using (i) the initial rise method, and (ii) the glow-peak shape method. In general, the values of E calculated by the first method are found to be higher than those from the second. The TL curve-fitting method is also applied in order to calculate these parameters and to serve as a cross-check on the results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermoluminescence (TL), blue stimulated luminescence (BSL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signals of fluorapatite (originating from Durango, Mexico) were measured and found to exhibit strong anomalous fading (AF). The experimentally obtained OSL and IRSL decay curves were transformed into pseudo-linear modulated (pseudo-LM) decay curves. The resulting glow-curve shaped pseudo-LM decay curves were analyzed using a deconvolution analysis, similar to the one used for the glow-curve deconvolution (GCD) of TL glow-curves. It was found that the pseudo-LM OSL and IRSL decay curves consist of two components named fast and slow, respectively, and their individual contribution was estimated. The AF of the remnant TL, BSL and IRSL as a function of the storage time was fitted using the tunneling model equations and the fading rate g, ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:15675751

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

The New Titanium Alloys With Increased Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance for Medical Instruments and their Coatings

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The temperature rise induced by shock compression of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was determined from measurements of the electrical resistivity of embedded copper foils. The temperature of the copper was determined from the observed foil resistance and known values of the change in copper resistivity with temperature and shock compression. Temperature values obtained over a stress range from 0.9 to 6.0 GPa are in good agreement with thermocouple measurements reported previously.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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CERN Document Server

We present the first results from tests of a MICROMEGAS detector manufactured using the so-called "bulk" technology and having a resistive cathode mesh instead of the conventional metallic one. This detector operates as usual MICROMEGAS, but in the case of sparks, which may appear at high gas gains, the resistive mesh reduces their current and makes the sparks harmless. This approach could be complementary to the ongoing efforts of various groups to develop spark-protected MICROMEGAS with resistive anode planes.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21921169

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data processing method was studied for mise-a-la-masse survey. Mise-a-la-masse method using wells as current sources measures resultant ground surface potential difference, and detects underground local resistivity anomaly. To extract resistivity anomaly largely different from surroundings, the anomaly is extracted as difference between the estimated value of regular resistivity structure (background) and potential difference or apparent resistivity. The following three approximations were attempted to estimate the background: the theoretical equation assuming isotropic homogeneous resistivity structure, that assuming horizontal multi-layered structure and the exponential function of distance from linear electrode for apparent resistivity, and these were compared with each other by numerical model experiment. The data processing method which determines the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this article, a continuous stabilization process was used to make flame resistant fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The effect of the stabilization time and the stretching process during the stabilization process on the physical properties and flammability of the resultant flame resistant fibers was studied. Increased drawing of PAN fibers during the continuous stabilization process was found to decrease the diameter and increase the tensile strength in the resultant flame resistant fibers. These fibers also had higher density. There were no absolute relationships seen between flame-resistance and the formation of stable ladder polymers, density, and oxygen content. ((orig.))

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrosion testings of model alloys, corresponding by chemical composition to simple and complex-alloyed #gamma#- and #gamma#'-phases of nickel heat-resistant alloys are conducted in sodium sulfate and chloride melts. It is ascertained that heat resistant nickel alloys containing over 50 % of hardening #gamma#'-phase, are subject to disastrous sulfide corrosion (SC). Resistance against SC alloys containing below 50 % of #gamma#'-phase is determined by the resistance of #gamma#-solid solution. 10 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a new method for the determination of the energy gap of superconductors. The V/sub max//kT versus ..delta../kT curve was calculated from tunneling theory. The maximum voltage in differential conductance V/sub max/ was measured from the electron tunneling spectrum. From V/sub max//kT and the curve, one can easily calculate the energy gap value ..delta... This method is simple, and the accuracy almost approaches that of the curve-fitting method.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With a computerized curve fitting method the trapping parameters of TLD-100 chips were calculated after #alpha#-, #beta#- and #gamma#-irradiation. The absorption of radiation produces an additional glow peak at 250 deg C, and the dominant one arises at 280 deg C. After the analysis of the glow curves only a little LET-dependence of the trap depths and that of the half widths was detected. The charge densities after irradiation before heating of the taps responsible for the high temperature glow peaks (T>240 deg C) show a LET-dependence. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

F4.1 . MONOTON. Increasing . FILLVAL ... Interface is easier-to-use and requires a much shorter learning curve than the Internal Interface, ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Chem. Res., in press, 2006. 8. Smith, BL, Bruno, TJ, Advanced distillation curve measurement with a model predictive temperature controller. Int. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inverse problem of interpreting the SS 433 optical light curves is solved for a geometrically thick model accretion disk around the compact relativistic object: most likely a black hole.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper proves that it is practicable to build a new power model which can work efficiently at night by using a type of fluorescence material. The utilization efficiency of photovoltaic cell is improved by prolonging the actual working hours of the cell within 24 hours. Both theoretical analysis and experiment on this model are carried out, and base on which the current-time curve (I-t curve) is depicted. It shows that the model which applies the fluorescence material to photovoltaic system is available. According to the analysis and comparison between the attenuating curve of the material and I-t curve of the power system, we can conclude that the weak illumination and the mismatch on wavelength are primary reasons for the low current. Finally, several improved measures of this power model for practical application are given, and it is expected to provide a new thought for photovoltaic study. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... This paper presents our research in neural learning for predicting ... Denote this feature set as F4. ... can be observed that the SOC curves generated by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an effort to explore Diffraction Enhanced Imaging of bone tissue, experiments were performed to determine if it was possible to use Diffraction Enhanced Imaging to detect microdamage in bovine cortical bone. Measurements were made at the National Synchrotron Light Source where pre- and post-fatigue rocking curve widths of the bone were studied. The rocking curve widths were then compared. Since no consistent pattern of narrowing or broadening of the rocking curve emerged, it is likely that the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering present in the bone overshadowed any additional changes to rocking curve caused by microdamage of the bone. Larger bone structures were able to be visualized which suggests that microdamage may be visualized with a higher resolution detector.

CERN Document Server

The nature of the `inner engine' that accelerate and collimate the relativistic flow at the cores of GRBs is the most interesting current puzzle concerning GRBs. Numerical simulations have shown that the internal shocks' light curve reflects the activity of this inner engine. Using a simple analytic toy model we clarify the relations between the observed $ \\gamma $-rays light curve and the inner engine's activity and the dependence of the light curves on the inner engine's parameters. This simple model also explains the observed similarity between the observed distributions of pulses widths and the intervals between pulses and the correlation between the width of a pulse and the length of the preceding interval. Our analysis suggests that the variability in the wind's Lorentz factors arises due to a modulation of the mass injected into a constant energy flow.

Science.gov (United States)

to, an altitude of 5000 ft (1500 m) AGL and f4.ies tight circles. If link has ...... The learning-curve effect reflects the observable ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We consider the problem of minimal (multiplicative) complexity of polynomial multiplication and multiplication in finite extensions of fields. For infinite fields minimal complexities are known [Winograd,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this model, without dark matter, the flat rotation curves of galaxies and the mass-to-light ratios of clusters of galaxies are described quantitatively. The hypothesis is that the agent of gravitational...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zirconium is a transition element located along with sister elements titanium and hafnium in Group IVB of the periodic table. It is grayish white metal, with a density somewhat less than carbon steel. Zirconium is the ninth most common metallic element in the earth's crust, and is more abundant than zinc, lead, nickel, or even copper. Zirconium is exceptionally resistant to corrosion by many common acids and alkalis. It is resistant to most organic acids, such as formic, acetic, lactic, and oxalic acids. It also has a high resistance to localized forms of corrosion, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Its corrosion resistance is caused by the formation of a dense, tenaciously adherent, chemically inert oxide film on the surface. This oxide film protects the base metal from both chemical and mechanical attack at temperatures up to about 400 C (750 F). This article describes ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are parasitic root cyst nematodes of potato (PCN), which significantly reduce yield and quality. The genetics and available molecular markers should make resistance to nematodes an excellent candidate for marker assisted selection. The study presents results of testing the suitability of known molecular markers for detection of resistance in a set of cultivars. We revealed some inconsistencies in genealogical data of the cultivars and showed inconsistent usefulness in detecting resistant cultivars. The marker TG689 was identified in almost all cultivars resistant to G. rostochiensis and together with other markers was used for verifying the resistance in a group of breeding lines. The marker TG689 was the most effective. However, the efficiency...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The properties of cast basalt and alumina are examined. The ways in which these materials have been used in applications in coal preparation plants, for example in bunker and pipe linings where abrasion and corrosion resistant materials are required, are discussed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Transformed Drosophila Kc cell lines, resistant to methotrexate, an inhibitor of de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis, have been obtained by calcium phosphate transfection of plasmids containing...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By isomorphous replacement of silicon by phosphorus the authors have synthesized crystalline aluminosilicophosphates with structures of the zeolites type A and faujasite. They determine the adsorption capacity of specimens treated at 575-1275/sup 0/K. They show that the thermal stability and acid resistance of aluminosilicophosphates depend on the quantity of phosphorus in their structure.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A copper-resistant strain (09906) of Pseudomonas fluorescens that was isolated from a citrus grove soil is being investigated as a biological control agent for Phytophthora root rot. Since citrus grove...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The pyrethroid knockdown resistance gene (kdr) has become widespread in Anopheles gambiae in West Africa. A trial to test the continuing efficacy of insecticide-treated...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Resistance (R) protein mediated recognition of pathogen avirulence effectors triggers signaling that induces a very robust form of species-specific immunity in plants. The soybean Rpg1-b protein mediates...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Link to USGS home page Results of Electrical Resistivity Data Collected near the Town of Guernsey, Platte County, Wyoming By Robert R. McDougal, Jared D. Abraham, and Robert J....

Science.gov (United States)

Aluminium (Al3+) toxicity is the primary factor limiting crop production on acidic soils worldwide. In addition to an application of lime for soil amelioration, Al3+ resistant plant varieties have been deployed to raise productivity on such hostile soils. This has been possible due to the exploita...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cross-resistance to cefoxitin (FOX), chloramphenicol (CMP), and quinolones (nalidixic acid [NAL]) related to a putative efflux system overexpression has recently been reported for Klebsiella...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Infection due to multidrug resistance pathogens is difficult to manage due to bacterial virulence factors and because of a relatively limited choice of antimicrobial agents. Thus, it is imperative to...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticides are relatively nontoxic to vertebrates and offer effective control of certain insect pests. Recent reports of resistance in whiteflies and mosquitoes demonstrate...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenotype associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for which the molecular mediators remain unclear. We therefore conducted an expression analysis of human...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) constitute a key antibiotic-resistance mechanism affecting Gram-negative bacteria, and also an excellent model for studying evolution in real time. A shift in...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We compared MRSA Select to mannitol-salt agar with 8 μg/ml cefoxitin for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 6,199 clinical...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) has been used extensively to detect genetic variation. We used this method to detect and identify Yersinia pestis KIM5 ciprofloxacin-resistant...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe emergence of plasmid-mediated carbapenemases, such as NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae is a major public health issue. Since they mediate resistance to...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objective:To estimate the prevalence of insulin resistant syndrome (IRS) among newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and to test their validity against two indices...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Axial Waterjet (AxWJ) Model 5662: 0 Hull Resistance and Model-Scale Powering C with LDV Nozzle Design CO By C ClC ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMany commercial banana varieties lack sources of resistance to pests and diseases, as a consequence of sterility and narrow genetic background. Fertile wild relatives,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Acquired resistance to the action of insulin to stimulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle is associated with obesity and promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. In skeletal muscle,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Reciprocal mass crosses and back-crosses were performed between two homogeneous strains of the housefly (Musca domestica L.), representing the extremes in susceptibility and resistance...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundInsecticide-based methods represent the most effective means of blocking the transmission of vector borne diseases. However, insecticide resistance poses a serious threat...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of the project was to develop a welded tubular joint database to assess the fatigue design curves (X and X{prime}) in the American Petroleum Institute design code (API RP2A). Changes in the curve-fitting method and screening criteria (primarily the exclusion of the very thin tubular joints) produced results different from those reported previously. The current results show that the X and X{prime} curves are too conservative and that a new curve should be adopted. The Department of Energy T{prime} curve was found to be consistent with the screened tubular joint air data and is recommended for use in API RP2A. The weldment size effect exponent (n) of 0.25 in the current version of API RP2A was found to be too small, and a higher value of 0.30 consistent with the Department of Energy recommendations is recommended. The fatigue test results for tubular joints tested in air ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large Bragg-curve spectrometer has been constructed and tested. The detector has a cylindrical geometry and operates with a homogeneous electric field. Energy resolutions of <0.8% and Z resolutions of Z/#DELTA#Z=80 have been achieved for eleastically scattered "5"8Ni ions. These results demonstrate the suitability of this large solid-angle detector for use in a wide variety of heavy-ion scattering experiments. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Projectilelike fragments following the 80 MeV /sup 16/O+/sup 27/Al reaction have been detected using a Bragg-curve spectroscopy ionization chamber (BCS-IC). The atomic number is deduced from the Bragg-peak amplitude. Nitrogen isotopes are clearly resolved using either range or energy loss data. This is the first application of the BCS method for complete ion identification in a heavy-ion-induced reaction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The macroscopic behavior of magnetostrictive materials results from domain evolutions occurring at a microscopic scale. The author shows how to compute magnetization and magnetostriction curves by appraising the behavior of the underlying microstructures. The method hinges on an averaging device (Young measures), which allows one to pass from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale. He takes into account the kinematical constraints on the accommodation of elastic effects, and he highlights the role of material symmetry in the selection of energetically optimal microstructures.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article analyses the role of energy intensity and the relationship between CO{sub 2} emissions and primary energy in order to explain the evolution of CO{sub 2} emissions by unit of real GDP. It also distinguishes two different meanings of CO{sub 2} emissions Kuznets curve hypothesis: the weak and the strong sense. It considers the case of Spain in the period 1972-1997 as an example in which there is not any evidence supporting this hypothesis in either sense. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Ionization counters employing Bragg curve spectroscopy have been constructed for use in a 4? geometry. These detectors compare very favorably in terms of both energy and charge resolution with small solid angle devices. These detectors have a large dynamic range because they are backed by scintillation detectors, and are thus capable of detecting and identifying particles with energies from 1 MeV/nucleon up to 200 MeV/nucleon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ionization counters employing Bragg curve spectroscopy have been constructed for use in a 4#pi# geometry. These detectors compare very favorably in terms of both energy and charge resolution with small solid angle devices. These detectors have a large dynamic range because they are backed by scintillation detectors, and are thus capable of detecting and identifying particles with energies from 1 MeV/nucleon up to 200 MeV/nucleon. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel approach is presented to extract relevant parameters associated with the energy loss of ejectiles from nuclear reactions obtained by digitizing the signals of a Bragg curve spectrometer. New and more powerful computational paradigms allow a more thorough pulse-shape analysis. This is fulfilled using a back-propagation artificial neural network as a pattern identifier. The known problem of over-training is discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large-acceptance Bragg curve spectrometer with a longitudinal electron collection field and a segmented anode has been constructed and tested. The effects on the charge resolution of the entrance angle and entrance position of the incident particle have been studied. Simulations have been done in order to isolate the contribution to the overall detector performance of the signal-shaping electronics from that of the intrinsic design of the detector. ((orig.))

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Study results on long-term thermal and corrosion resistance of packs with electro-insulation layer of aluminium nitride are presented. Structural changes of nitride ceramics and contact zones between metal and ceramics are considered. It is shown that multilayer metallo-ceramic packs, manufactured by gas-phase technology have high electro- and thermophysical properties, high thermal and corrosion resistance relative to cesium vapor, vacuum density as well as high thermo-resistance. 8 refs., 4 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

17-4PH stainless steel was modified by direct current (DC) plasma nitriding and titanium nitride film duplex treatment in this study. The microstructure, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), pin-on-disk tribological test and polarization experiment. The results revealed that the DC plasma nitriding pretreatment was in favor of improving properties of titanium nitride film. The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of duplex treatment specimen was more superior to that of only coated titanium nitride film.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The preparation by sputtering of artificial metallic superlattices is described, as are the results of x-ray structural determinations. Tunneling and resistivity measurements on these materials are reported.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21910889

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

E. coli HB101 cells transformed to tetracycline resistance with the plasmids pMB9 or pBR322 display a 10/sup 5/-10/sup 6/-fold lower plating efficiency on agar containing 440 ..mu..M CdCl/sub 2/ than nontransformed cells. When DNA is inserted into the BamH1 site of the plasmid tet gene, or when DNA spanning the BamH1 site is deleted, tetracycline resistance and cadmium hypersensitivity are both lost. In contrast, insertion of DNA into the ampicillin resistance gene does not affect cadmium hypersensitivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Milstar picture Milstar is a series of advanced US military communications satellites designed to provide global jam-resistant communications for military users. ...

Science.gov (United States)

roller bearing strength suffi- cient to support efficient, rolling friction movement, even in the presence of large, resisting forces. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of imazethapyr on the control of pitted morningglory (Ipomea lacunosa) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with chlorimuron, imazaquin, ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of this animation is to develop a QTL mapping population for locating and characterizing the genes responsible for resistance to tan spot disease of wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

... Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have improved through the years. They are smaller, and equivalent series resistance (ESR) is improved. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... FIELD CORROSION TESTS WERE MADE DURING THE VOYAGES OF THE SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH SHIPS ACADEMICIAN VERNADSKII AND ...

Science.gov (United States)

FEP polyethylene mechanical properties affected by UV. " Siloxane-modified materials resist AO. " Nonsilicone polymers attacked by AO ...

Science.gov (United States)

Megasphaera elsdenii is a lactate-fermenting, obligately anaerobic bacterium commonly present in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans. Swine M. elsdenii strains were previously shown to have high levels of tetracycline resistance (MIC = 64->256 micro g/ml) and to carry mosaic (re...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The pitting corrosion resistance of three different types of stainless steel implanted with silicon is investigated using the potentiokinetic polarization technique. The specimens are tested in 3% NaCl and 0.1 N HCl solutions. Silicon ion implantation inhibits pitting corrosion of the steels in both aqueous media. The corrosion resistance depends on the silicon dose. Post implantation annealing only slightly alters the localized corrosion. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A composition of matter to treat particles entrained in flue gas, is described comprising: a caustic liquid used to adjust resistivity of the entrained particles; and inert particulate matter supporting the caustic liquid for inhibiting chemical action of the caustic liquid until used to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles, the inert particulate matter supporting sufficient caustic liquid to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A nationwide antimicrobial resistance surveillance has been conducted since 1997 in Korea. In this study, susceptibility test data generated in 2004 by KONSAR group hospitals were analyzed and compared...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Resistive switching memory is a very promising technology for emerging nonvolatile memory applications. Generally, the switching behavior is triggered by a sweep or pulse voltage. In this paper, a charged capacitor is proposed to be used as the external electrical source to program a resistive switching element. From theoretical analyses based on a set behavior model, the capacitor approach can program the device efficiently. Compared with sweep or pulse mode, capacitor driving method can greatly reduce over-programming after the set event, and thus improve the resistance uniformity. The experimental results performed on Cu/ZrO2:Cu/Pt device support this conclusion quite well. The proposed methodology has great value for achieving a reliable resistive switching, which is important for high...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study compares two series of solvents for application in aluminum electrolytic capacitors: ethylene glycol (EG) and water mixtures, and ethylene glycol and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) ionic liquid (IL) mixtures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were carried out with a previously anodized aluminum disk electrode. Comparative measurements of solution resistance, polarization resistance, AC capacitance, and passive current were made. The results show that EG?IL mixtures with low amounts of IL (10% IL?90% EG v/v) have a low solution resistance. Low values of solution resistance, high values of polarization resistance, small passive current, and uniform capacitance of anodized aluminum in EG?IL mixtures are favorable properties of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soil electrical resistivity is perhaps the only soil parameter that is used by geologists and geotechnical engineers to explore the subsurface characteristics at a power plant site and also used by civil and electrical engineers as input to their design. A properly designed and executed field electrical resistivity survey is one method of examining the subsurface profile. The same program can provide information about the corrosion potential of the soil that can play a major role in determining the protection needed for buried steel piping and pile foundations. At the same time, the soil conductivity interpreted from the results of the resistivity testing is an integral part of the design of the electrical grounding system for the plant. This paper describes soil electrical resistivity, test procedures to estimate resistivity values, and how these values can best be used to obtain ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The growth power-time curves of a strain of petroleum bacteria, B-2, in various kinds of cultures containing different kinds of carbon sources, glucose, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane and n-octadecane, and different kinds of microemulsions have been determined by using a 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. The curves showed a single peak for cultures containing a single carbon source, glucose, and two peaks for cultures containing two kinds of carbon sources, glucose and one of the n-alkanes. The first peak indicated that bacteria grew by consuming glucose and the second peak indicated that bacteria grew by consuming n-alkane. The curves were complex when the bacterium grows in a microemulsion culture. According to a kinetic equation of bacterial growth under limited conditions, the rate constants of bacterial growth were obtained. The results showed that the microemulsion culture was more appropriate to bacteria to grow on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The difficulty and unstability of the parameter estimation of mass action model for radioimmunoassay are the major obstacles to its application in routine work. A unique robust curve fitting method for the mass action model was introduced. large numbers of simulated data were generated with Monte Carlo method to compare the accuracy and robustness of the robust fitting and the least squre fitting (Marquardt method) of the mass action model. The results demonstrated that the new robusst method significantly increased the accuracy and reliability of data processing with the mass action model. It also markedly reduced the influence of outliers in the fitting of RIA data, and it was always 'convergent'. This robust method could also be applied to other mathematical models which can be transformed into high degree equations and no initial estimates are needed for curve fitting.

Science.gov (United States)

Enhanced heat transfer in curved rectangular channels depends on at least two geometric factors, the radius of curvature of the duct and the aspect ratio, which is the width/depth ratio of the duct. In this work, an expression for optimum aspect ratio is derived mathematically from a correlation that includes both aspect ratio and bend curvature parameters. Enhancement factors are developed that show optimal, near-optimal, and nonoptimal aspect ratios for curved rectangular ducts. Predicted enhancements are within 25% of published literature results for individual designs, two of which show heat transfer enhancement of 200% over that of a straight duct with turbulent flow. The theoretical maximum enhancement is shown to be about 480% over a straight-duct, turbulent-flow situation. This is not achievable in practice, but near-optimal solutions are achievable, yielding enhancements on the order of 200--300%.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Relative doses of 75 MeV/u "1"2C ion beam after passing through different thickness of degraders were measured with the double ionization chamber method. The degrader's thickness equalized to penetration depth of the beam in water and its Bragg curve were obtained. The measured Bragg curve is compared with that calculated based on a model set up by the authors. Meanwhile, the inactivation effect of the ion beam passing through different thickness of degraders on melanoma (B_1_6) cells was measured, and the corresponding survival fraction data for B_1_6 cells were acquired

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A noninvasive method is described for estimating local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local partition coefficients by means of computed tomographic scanning during inhalation of 30% stable xenon gas in oxygen. Time-dependent xenon concentrations in arterial blood and brain tissue during the wash-in and washout phases are used to calculate partition coefficients and LCBF values by means of a least-squares curve-fitting analysis. Control values for partition coefficient and LCBF obtained from control subjects with minor head trauma in the chronic stage were compatible with those in several past reports, and reproducibility was satisfactory. The theoretic grounds underlying this new method of curve-fitting analysis are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Internal friction of amorphous Pd/sub 80/Si/sub 20/ metal doped with hydrogen or deuterium was measured with a specially designed apparatus using amorphous metal sheet as a part of the electric oscillating circuit. Two peaks in Q/sup -1/ curve are observed. Applying the peak shift method to the first Snoek-like peak, we can determine the relaxation time from which the microdiffusion coefficient can be calculated. The obtained microdiffusion coefficient is about 10/sup -14/ m/sup 2//s at 200 K, being comparable with the macrodiffusion coefficient obtained from the releasing method. It can, however, not elucidate the hydrogen isotopic effect on the peak temperature of Q/sup -1/ curve, the activation energy for relaxation and the relaxation time from the present work because of the broadness of obtained Q/sup -1/ curve.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

According to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, the relationship between per-capita GDP and per-capita pollutant emissions has an inverted-U shape. This implies that, past a certain point, economic growth may actually be profitable for environmental quality. Most studies on this subject are based on estimating fully parametric quadratic or cubic regression models. While this is not technically wrong, such an approach somewhat lacks flexibility since it may fail to detect the true shape of the relationship if it happens not to be of the specified form. We use semiparametric and flexible nonlinear parametric modeling methods in an attempt to provide more robust inferences. We find little evidence in favour of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our main results could be inte...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

From the beginning of the 90s the analysis of the relationships between economic growth and environmental pressures has been influenced by the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis or inverted-U shaped relationship between environmental pressure and per capita income. Following this hypothesis, once achieved certain income level, more economic growth is followed by environmental quality improvement. In this paper, we analyse and discuss the theories that support this hypothesis as well as the empirical evidence on this subject. Further on we analyse the relationship between per capita income and the main environmental pollutants for the case does not support the hypothesis. The empirical evidence shows that economic growth, by itself, does not entail a pollution reduction. (Author) 35 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of phosphorus on the corrosion resistance of Al-bronzes is studied in detail in this work. A literature review showed that there are a lot of things known about the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Al-bronzes. In spite of their corrosion resistance the corrosion properties and the structure of the protective oxide films of Al-bronzes were seldom a matter of interest. Systematic studies of the influence of different alloying elements on the oxide film and the corrosion properties are rare. Therefore, it is not possible to predict the corrosion resistance of Al-bronzes, made by alloying particular elements. The high corrosion resistance of the new alloy CuAl_2_0P_1 was the reason to investigate the influence of phosphorus on the corrosion properties of Al-bronzes in more detail. A systematic study of the microstructure and the corrosion properties of Cu, CuP_x, CuAl_2_0 and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper proposes a model to explain tritium release behavior of an irradiated Li_4SiO_4 sample made by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The release curves were obtained in a series of experiments carried out using out-pile temperature programmed desorption techniques in the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). Tritium release curves obtained for different purge gas compositions (N_2, N_2 + H_2, N_2 + H_2O) were compared for selection of suitable conditions to determine the apparent diffusivity of tritium in a crystal grain of Li_4SiO_4.In the model formation, some mass transfer steps in the bulk of the crystal grain and those on the surface of the grain were taken into account, which were diffusion of tritium in the grain, adsorption and desorption of water on the surface of the grain, two types of isotope exchange reactions, and water formation reaction by the addition of hydrogen to the purge gas.Diffusivities of tritium in the crystal grain of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

I present results for the mass spectrum of excited baryons and pentaquarks using overlap fermions and Bayesian curve-fitting method; and magnetic moments and polarizabilities for a variety of hadrons in the background field method.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current status of cosmological observations is presented; and the light curves and radiation spectra from supernova SN1987A are used in comparison between expected and observed universal nucleosynthesis and star evolution data./aip/.

Science.gov (United States)

An indicator of when the learning curve reaches a standard is when fuel consumption remains relatively ...... f4 7'tI. 1.i7J43t. F ,oo,. , F17i [ !i ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The theory that the αβ dimer is the functional unit of cooperativity in hemoglobin has been tested by determination of the oxygen equilibrium curve of stable deoxy dimers, obtained by...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Non-invasive methods are described for estimating local cerebal blood flows (LCBF) and local partition coefficients (L#lambda#) during inhalation of 30 % stable xenon gas (Xe) in oxygen during CT scanning. After the denitrogenation with pure oxygen breathing, 30 % Xe is inhaled for four minutes to minimize subanesthetic effects with a rubber facemask and the delivery system of Xe. Local time-#DELTA# Hounsfield units curve during the Xe wash-in and wash-out phase is utilized in order to calculate L#lambda# and LCBF using a least squares curve fitting analysis. Calculated L#lambda# and LCBF with the new method manifested reasonable distribution between the grey and white matters, and reproducibility was excellent in our study. Several case studies of patients with cerebral infarction are presented to demonstrate the characterization of L#lambda# and LCBF patterns in various tissues and theoretical grounds underlying the new method of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel approach to the Bragg curve spectroscopy is utilized to construct a charged particle detector which makes fragment elemental identification and energy measurement possible. The advantage of the construction includes good timing and spectroscopic properties with a very low energy threshold. ((orig.))

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish for the first time reference curves for body fat levels in a Greek pediatric population aged 7-15y.Methods:...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper explains the curve-fitting method developed as a method to estimate the geothermal equilibrium forming temperature. In the present method, that temperature is estimated by obtaining, by non-linear lest square, the model parameter to minimize the sum of remainders squared between the temperature actually measured after a lapse of certain time from the stoppage of mud water circulation and that calculated on the basis of Middleton model, mathematical model of temperature equilibrium well. In the Horner's plotting method currently in general use, temperature recovery data during a long period of about 120h are required for estimating the geothermal equilibrium forming temperature. However in the curve-fitting method, it is confirmed from the actual well data that the well recovery temperature is estimable from three logging data during 24h after the stoppage of mud water circulation within the largest error of 5%, and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Choice procedures have indicated that the relative reinforcing effectiveness of opioid drugs increases during opioid withdrawal. The demand curve, an absolute measure of reinforcer value, has not been...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A highly reliable screening method was developed for the determination of lead in tin plated layers and tin-bismuth plated layers. The contents of lead in the layers of the various samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The calibration curve for lead in the tin and tin-bismuth plated layers by using WD-XRF exhibited linear correlation from 130 #mu#g/g to 2070 #mu#g/g. Calibration curve of lead normalized with Pb-L#alpha#/Sn-K#alpha# intensity was more linear, and this method was possible to evaluate very small sample. The calibration curve for lead in the tin plated layers by using ED-XRF was good linearly, but it for lead in the tin-bismuth plated layers was affected by Pb-L#alpha# spectrum and Bi-L#alpha# spectrum overlap each other. It was effective for decreasing affect of Bi-L#alpha# spectrum by using curve fitting method. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Objective: To compare the efficiency of dual energy subtraction and conventional direct digital radiography in signal detecting ability. Methods: 200 plastic balls which were 4 mm in diameter were taken as signals and were placed on a 10 cm thick plastic board and the right upper thorax of a healthy volunteer. The signals were examined by DES and CDR separately and were estimated by 3 radiologists with 5-value-differentiation method. ROC curve analysis was made by ROC kit software. Results: when signals on plastic board were detected by CDR and DES, ROC curve analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (P=0.4851 > 0.05, two-tailed) between the area under the ROC curves of the two methods (Az=0.9931 for CDR and Az=0.9879 for DES). The difference was significant (P=0.0002 <0.01, two-tailed) between the area under the ROC curves of CDR and DES (Az=0.7276 for CDR and Az=0.8561 for ...

Science.gov (United States)

The frequency dependence of the lasing power of a He-Ne laser was studied using the electrooptic effect in a KDP crystal. The gain profile of the power curve was found to differ noticeably between the high-frequency and low-frequency edges. (AIP). (AIP)

Science.gov (United States)

SEG DAVO'24,(F4). 74. IN LARSYS DAVD'i? 75. SE( DAVD 13., (Ft). 76. INl LARSYS jAV) 13 ...... The main premise of the learning curve, or the manufac ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnon dispersion curve of Gd metal has been determined from first principles by use of augmented-plane-wave energy bands and wave functions. The exchange matrix elements I (k,k') between the 4f electrons and the conduction electrons from the first six energy bands were calculated under the assumption of an unscreened Coulomb interaction. The results are in good overall agreement with experiment provided the I (k,k') are diminished by a constant scale factor of about 2 which may be caused by screening.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We obtain the T-duality transformations of space-time spinors (the supersymmetry transformation parameters, gravitinos and dilatinos) of type-II theories in curved backgrounds with an isometry. The transformation of the spinor index is shown to be a consequence of the twist that T-duality introduces between the left- and right-moving local Lorentz frames. The result is then used to derive the T-duality action on Ramond-Ramond field strengths and potentials in a simple way. We also discuss the massive IIA theory and, using duality, give a short derivation of 'mass'-dependent terms in the Wess-Zumino actions on the D-brane world-volumes.

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A car-borne NaI(Tl) spectrometric system was used together with a {sup 137}Cs source to obtain realistic data in the search for unshielded and semi-shielded orphan sources. The potassium-stripped counts (PSC) method was used to estimate the influence by the shielding on the detection ability. A reduction of about 5% in the critical distance was obtained for the semi-shielded source. A curve fitting method was also developed and evaluated. Results from the curve fitting method showed inferior ability to find the source compared to the PSC method. However, it can be a useful complementary tool, for characterisation of the source shielding, and estimation of the distance from the road.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Bragg Curve Spectrometer (BCS) is an ionization chamber long enough to stop particles of interest. Particles enter through the cathode window and leave an ionization track parallel to the electric field. The ionization electrons drift through a Frisch grid and are collected on an anode. The anode current, as a function of time, is split and used as input for two amplifiers, one with a long integration time constant for energy measurement, and one with a short time constant to pick off the maximum ionization or Bragg peak. The Bragg peak, which is proportional to the nuclear charge, is used for particle identification. We have constructed and tested several versions of the BCS. The results are described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A practical method to determine the ionic diffusion coefficient and activation energy by using quasielastic light scattering (QELS) is presented. It is shown that a temperature dependence curve of the QELS intensity at a fixed frequency can be well fitted by Jonscher's formula and that the diffusion parameters can be obtained from this curve fitting. This method is successfully applied not only to crystals with high optical quality, as reported earlier, but also to opaque ceramics, which are more important than the crystals from a practical point of view. The composition dependence of the ionic diffusion coefficient is studied in sintered YbSZ to show the usefulness of this method.

CERN Document Server

We propose a new approach to study Koszul cohomology of general $g^r_d$'s on general curves via degenerations and deformations. As an application of this new method, we prove projective normality for general line bundles $L$ on general curves with $h^1(L)\\le1$ and degree greater than roughly $(5/4)g$. This improves the bound in a classical theorem of Green and Lazarsfeld. Also we give some partial results on vanishing of higher syzygies for line bundles with $h^1(L)=1$.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A conical Bragg-curve spectrometer (BCS) has been constructed. The outer case was a molded plastic cone. Printed circuit techniques were used to form an insert with inscribed equipotentials to approximate a 1/r/sup 2/ electric field shape. The charge and energy resolution were measured for elastically scattered beams of 206 MeV /sup 28/Si, 413 and 378 MeV /sup 56/Fe, and 670 MeV /sup 86/Kr ions. Performance of this detector, particularly its charge resolution, is discussed with respect to variation in solid angle.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel way to extract relevant parameters associated with the outgoing ions from nuclear reactions, obtained by digitizing the signals provided by a Bragg curve spectrometer (BCS) is presented. This allowed the implementation of a more thorough pulse-shape analysis. Due to the complexity of this task, it was required to take advantage of new and more powerful computational paradigms. This was fulfilled using a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) as a pattern identifier. Over training of ANNs is a common problem during the training stage. In the performance of the ANN there is a compromise between its size and the size of the training set. Here, this effect will be illustrated in relation to the problem of Bragg Curve (BC) identification. (Author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Energy and angular double-differential cross-section (DDX) data of fragment production reactions by neutrons or protons are very scarce due to experimental difficulties of fragment detection. We adopted a Bragg curve spectrometer (BCS), which is a gridded-ionization chamber that can identify fragments on the basis of the Bragg peak value. We have been developing the BCS for neutron and proton-induced reactions applying the digital waveform analysis technique to obtain better ability of particle discrimination than the analog electronic circuit. (T. Tanaka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparison of the loss mechanisms in screen-printed solar cells relative to buried contact cells and cells with photolithography-defined contacts is presented in this paper. Model calculations show that emitter recombination accounts for about 0.5% absolute efficiency loss in conventional screen-printed cells with low-sheet-resistance emitters. Ohmic contact to high-sheet-resistance emitters by screen-printing has been investigated to regain this efficiency loss. Our work shows that good quality ohmic contacts to high sheet-resistance emitters can be achieved if the glass frit chemistry and Ag particle size are carefully tailored. The melting characteristics of the glass frit determine the firing scheme suitable for low contact resistance and high fill factors. In addition, small to regular Ag particles were found to help achieve a higher open-circuit voltage and maintain a low contact ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The corrosion resistance of zircaloy is affected by conditions of heat treatment in the manufacturing steps to be formed into a final product as a structural material. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, a Zr alloy controlled to contain Sn: 0.8 to 1.2wt%, Fe: 0.17 to 0.28wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15wt%, Ni: 0.04 to 0.10wt%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.09wt%, oxygen: 1,000 to 1,500ppm and Si, an Si impurity at a concentration of 120ppm or less and balance of Zr is melted into a cast piece, to which #beta# hardening is applied. Then, rolling and annealing treatment are applied so that the total heat input amount to the material: #SIGMA#Ai ranges from 1 x 10"-"1"9 to 1 x 10"-"1"7. With such procedures, a Zr alloy structural material for a reactor core having excellent homogeneous corrosion resistance and hydrogen absorption resistance for a long period of time while having a sufficient strength can be obtained even in a case ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In response to a heat shock, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a large increase in its resistance to heat and, by the induction of its recombinational DNA repair capacity, a corresponding increase in resistance to radiation. Yeast which lack mitochondrial DNA, mitochondria-controlled protein synthetic apparatus, aerobic respiration, and electron transport (rho/sup 0/ strain) were used to assess the role of O/sub 2/, mitochondria, and oxidative processes controlled by mitochondria in the induction of these resistances. We have found that rho/sup 0/ yeast grown and heat shocked in either the presence or absence of O/sub 2/ are capable of developing both radiation and heat resistance. We conclude that neither the stress signal nor its cellular consequences of induced heat and radiation resistance are directly dependent on O/sub 2/, mitochondrial DNA, or ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It has been reported by the present authors that behavior of tritium release from solid breeder grain is consisted of diffusion in grain, tritium transfer at surface layer and surface reactions on grain surface such as adsorption or isotope exchange reactions. Tritium release curves estimated using the tritium release model gave good agreement with observed tritium release curves from Li_4SiO_4, Li_2ZrO_3 or LiAlO_2. Tritium release behavior from Li_2TiO_3 under humid purge gas, dry purge gas and dry purge gas with hydrogen conditions is discussed in this study, tritium release curves using the release model that we proposed previously give a good agreements with experimental tritium release curves. Tritium effective diffusivity in the crystal grain of Li_2TiO_3 is also estimated in this study using a curve-fitting method applied to the release curves obtained ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Kyoto Protocol attempts through political negotiations to guide participating industrialized countries' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a positive growing trend, to reach a peak point (or turning point), and then be reduced to a negative growth. That means the relationship between decreasing GHG emissions and economic growth may be described by an inverted-U curve (or called a bell-shaped curve), which is consistent with the concept of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. This research observed that the economic development and GHG emissions in Economies in Transition (EITs) exhibit a hockey-stick curve trend (or called quasi-L-shape curve), that also generates a lot of 'hot air' which is significant to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, through the analysis of single-country time series data and GDP data, this ...