Jun 17, 1989 ... No RF lab at NRH; No easy way to transport receivers and test equipment to UNH; However, UNH has a Small Radio ... Remote keyless entry (RKE) systems, tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) ... Cell phones (GSM) ...

... 6 Real*8 GSM-X Sat Position 158 Real*8 GSM-Y in GSM 159 Real*8 GSM-Z ( km) 160 ... (GSE System) NOTE 9: Model magnetic field NOTE 10: Type of data ... Temp 5 Command Receiver AGC 5 Command Decoder Temp 6 136 Mhz Trans.

Jun 14, 2010 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite System ... (multiple lines) 3.5 Receiver Type : LEICA RS500 Satellite System : GPS .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

Feb 12, 2003 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 ... none Additional Information : 3.4 Receiver Type : ASHTECH UZ-12 Satellite System .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

Dec 19, 2007 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite ... none Additional Information : 3.5 Receiver Type : LEICA RS500 Satellite System .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

Jun 28, 2010 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite ... ( multiple lines) 3.4 Receiver Type : ASHTECH UZ-12 Satellite System : GPS .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

Apr 15, 2007 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite ... lines) 3.2 Receiver Type : LEICA GRX1200PRO Satellite System : GPS Serial .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

Apr 10, 2007 ... GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite ... none Additional Information : 3.5 Receiver Type : LEICA RS500 Satellite System .... Agency : GSM Navigation&survey Preferred Abbreviation : GSM ...

A low complexity method for estimating the frequency offset in global system mobile (GSM) and enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) is proposed. The method is based on minimising a suitable least squares (LS) metric utilising both the pilot (training) and tail symbols available in GSM and EDG...

This report presents a way to use GSM Short Messages for Automatic Meter Reading. For this purpose, a specification for message structure is defined. Using these messages, it is possible to send instructions to remote meters to make specific measurements and send the results. The message structure includes also possibility to send other telecommands. Monitoring and setting of remote clock is also possible. One important factor in designing the message structure is to avoid unnecessary transmission of messages as much as possible. The operation of these messages is tested in field tests. Reliability of mobile phones and the GSM network is tested. Throughput and applicability of the whole system for the remote meter reading is monitored and evaluated. (orig.) EDISON Research Programme. 8 refs.

The paper presents the results of numerical calculations of lightning surge currents and voltages in the low voltage power mains system connected to a free standing GSM base station. Direct lightning strike to GSM tower was studied. The analysis concerned the current that flows to the transformer station through AC power mains, the potential difference between the grounding systems of the GSM and the transformer stations and the voltage differences between phase and PE conductors of the power mains underground cable at both the GSM and the transformer sides. The calculations were performed using a numerical program based on the electromagnetic field theory and the method of moments. (author)

Current security model in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) predominantly use symmetric key cryptography. The rapid advancement of Internet technology facilitates online trading, banking, downloading, emailing using resource-constrained handheld devices such as personal digital assistants and cell phones. However, these applications require more security than the present GSM supports. Consequently, a careful design of GSM security using both symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography would make GSM security more adaptable in security intensive applications. This paper presents a secure and efficient protocol for GSM security using identity based cryptography. The salient features of the proposed protocol are (i) authenticated key exchange; (ii) mutual authentication amongst communicating entities; and (iii) user anonymity. The security analysis of the protocol shows its strength against some known threats observed in conventional GSM security.

This report describes a bachelor thesis in computer science performed at the system department within the product development unit for GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) at Ericsson in Linköping.GSM can be considered a mature technology but it is still updated with new features on a regula...

The annoyance of noise in hearing instruments caused by electromagnetic interference from Global systems for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Digital European Cordless Telecommunication (DECT) mobile telephones has been subjectively evaluated by test subjects. The influence on speech recognition from the GSM and the DECT noises was also determined. The measurements involved seventeen hearing-imparied subjects. The annoyance was tested with GSM and DECT noise, each one mixed with continuous speech, a mall environment noise, or an office environment noise. Speech recognition was tested with the DANTALE word material mixed with GSM and DECT noise. The listening tests showed that if the noise level is acceptable so also is speech recognition. The results agree well with an investigation carried out on normal-hearing subjects. If a hearing instrument user is able to use a telephone without annoyance, the input-related noise level must not exceed 47 dB SPL for GSM and 46 dB SPL for DECT.

The Geologic Simulation Model (GSM) developed under the Assessment of Effectiveness of Geologic Isolation Systems (AEGIS) project at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy is a quasi-deterministic process-response model which simulates the development of the geologic and hydrologic systems of a groundwater basin for a million years into the future. Effects of natural processes on the groundwater hydrologic system are modeled principally by rate equations. The combined effects and synergistic interactions of different processes are approximated by linear superposition of their effects during discrete time intervals in a stepwise-integration approach. The results of the GSM simulations are not yet defensible. They are promising, and the general behavior of the GSM over the near-term (20,000 years) and long-term (million years) is plausible. Thus, in terms of a demonstration of the GSM technology alone, the results indicate that the development effort was a success, and this report indicates what additional effort is required to make the GSM defensible. However, the GSM is a part of a coordinated performance analysis which involves other models as well, and is intended as a primary guide to analyses to be performed in addition to that of the present system. The usefulness of the GSM results to the demonstration of a coordinated performance analysis technology must be determined by considering the validity of the results and how they may be applied realistically (unmodified) to guiding more detailed analyses. (DMC)

This paper investigates the influence, on theperformance of a text-independent speaker identification system, of the three speech coding algorithmsstandardized for use in the GSM wireless communication network. The speaker identification system isbased on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) classifiers. O...

Attitude Control System (ACS): A system onboard a spacecraft for maintaining or changing the ..... Geocentric Magnetospheric Coordinates (GSM): This is similar to the Geocentric Solar Ecliptic .... Similarly for sound waves, using receivers.

The two wireless technologies considered, GSM/GPRS and. CDMA2000, are the ... Assessment of aircraft radio receiver interference is typically accomplished ... System (TCAS), Air. Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS), Distance ...

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS SECTION, TRW SYSTEMS GROUP. JUNE 11, 1968 ...... elapsed mission time plots for the MSFN and CSM receivers. The plots contain signal strength ... -Y. -X. Figure 2- 1. GSM Block II Antenna Locations. 2-3 ...

CEGAS (Gas Company of Ceara) recently implemented an automated remote monitoring and control system at the Natural Gas Stations located within the city of Fortaleza. The main purposes to implement the project were to install a better operational platform, allowing CEGAS to analyze its operational conditions and to measure customer's consumption in real time. The data communication infra-structure chosen was GPRS/GSM, due to it's low deployment cost and coverage availability. The first phase of the project comprised 50 vehicular natural gas stations. The project was successfully installed, and became the 1{sup st} project at this type to run efficiently over a GPRS infra-structure in Brazil for gas monitoring, with reliable control and data communication. This document intends to present the reasons that lead CEGAS to invest in such a system, the technology deployed and the benefits achieved. (author)

IMP-8 spacecraft Bz (in GSM) component (black curve). Second Panel ... Information about the ELF/VLF Receivers experiment on the Hawkeye 1 mission. Hawkeye ..... An optical aspect system operated from launch until September 3, 1974.

receiver data from the CHAMP and SAC-C satellites and altimeter data from the TOPEX/. Poseidon .... tive BZ in GSM coordinates) interplanetary magnetic field to identify the ... space-based communications and GPS application systems.

GRACE Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonic Coefficients CSR Release 4.0 (GSM) ... spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system . ... timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, ...

APPENDIX C. Illustrative Performance Parameter List for Candidate System Evaluation ... GSM. ICAO. ICNS. IEEE. ILS. LAAS. LAN. MAC. MC. MLS. NAS. NASA ...... noncoherent receivers can be simpler to implement, and possibly more ...

Risk Mitigation in the Ground Mission Segment using the Galileo System ... based on relevant IGS experience in specific areas such as receiver site selection, ... (SBAS, DGNSS, pseudolites and GSM/GPRS/UMTS positioning) and navigation ...

The agenda included sessions on Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems, GPS and ... The new constellation of COSMIC satellites carrying GPS receivers into .... for the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere (GSM TIP) by Klimenko et al.

... various coordinate systems), and data from engineering housekeeping sensors. ... Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM), and Geocentric Equatorial Inertial (GEI) ... 1: Low-Energy Protons and Electrons · Hawkeye 1: ELF/VLF Receivers ...

Abstract in spanish El estudio de factibilidad de implementación de una plataforma para servicios de valor agregado basados en la localización de teléfonos móviles, en una red de telefonía celular GSM, comienza con el análisis de los sistemas que permiten dicha localización. Dentro de estos sistemas se encuentran los Sistemas de Localización basados en la medición de la intensidad de la señal, que logran determinar la ubicación del móvil realizando un proceso de triangulación, e (more) stimando la distancia respecto a varias radiobases (al menos tres) a partir de la medición del nivel de la potencia que el móvil recibe de dichas radiobases. Analizando las posibilidades de obtener los niveles de potencia que recibe el móvil de las BTS circundantes, se concluye que existen dos maneras de implementar dicha plataforma a partir de la información del "Measurement Result Information Element": a) Monitoreando la capa 3 de la interfaz Abis entre la BTS y la BSC, o b) Solicitándolo al módulo SIM de los teléfonos GSM. Se explican con detalle, por cada una de estas posibilidades los esquemas de implementación y las condiciones que deben cumplirse con el fin de obtener el "Measurement Result Information Element". Finalmente se presentan las ventajas y desventajas que posee cada uno de estos métodos y se propone la realización de una prueba piloto en la ciudad de Caracas. Abstract in english Feasibility studies to implement a platform for Value Aggregated Services based on the localization of mobile telephones, in a cellular network GSM, begin with the analysis of the systems that allow such localization. The Location Systems based on Signal Strength Measurements are part of these systems. Such systems determine the location of a user carrying out a triangulation process that estimates the distance from several base stations (at least three), throughout the m (more) easurement of the power level that the user receives from these base stations. Analyzing the possibilities to obtain the levels of power that the cell phone receives from the surrounding BTS, we conclude that there are two approaches to implement this platform starting from the information of the Measurement Result Information Element: a) Monitoring layer 3 of the Abis interface, or b) Requesting it from the module SIM of the cell phone GSM. We explain in detail for each of these possibilities, the implementation outlines and the conditions that should be completed with the purpose to obtain the "Measurement Result Information Element". Finally, we present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and conclude with a recommendation for a test bed in the city of Caracas.

Recently, the mobile industry has experienced an extreme increment in number of its users. The GSM network with the greatest worldwide number of users succumbs to several security vulnerabilities. Although some of its security problems are addressed in its upper generations, there are still many operators using 2G systems. This paper briefly presents the most important security flaws of the GSM network and its transport channels. It also provides some practical solutions to improve the security of currently available 2G systems.

At the present there is a major challenge to monitor coastaltransitional systems in a robust, frequent, systematic and accurate fashion. With the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the EU Member States must monitor regularly the most relevant physical and biological parameters. The work assessed the applicability and accuracy of chl-a products from the MODIS Terra sensor in the Tagus estuary, comparing them with simulations of an ecological model (EcoWin2000), at a box scale, which was previously calibrated and validated. It is proposed a conceptual and methodological framework for future monitoring of the estuary using remote sensing data, concerning data processing, handling and integration. Typical Case 1 algorithms were pre-assessed and Case 2 empirical algorithms were regionally calibrated. The GSM and Clark algorithms had the best performances, with errors of approximately of 1.1 ?g chl-a l-1 (or 20%) and correlations ranging 0.4-0.5. During calibration, the ratio R678/R551 had good correlation (r = 0.83) and low errors ( 1?g chl-a l-1), however, its evaluation showed low performances. In agreement with the pre-assessment, the GSM algorithm had the best correlation (r 0.50) and errors of approximately 0.8?g chl-a l-1. Remote sensing is a tool with high potential to assist the EU Member States to accomplish the WFD objectives, however, extensive future work is still needed. Systematic chl-a monitoring in the Tagus estuary is feasible and future work should also be aimed at developing multisource monitoring procedures integrating model, in-situ and remote sensing data thus, minimizing their individual limitations and flaws.

The dilution refrigerator used to cool the large COMPASS polarized target is monitored through a PC running LabVIEW trademark 6.1 under Windows 2000 trademark . About 60 parameters of the target (temperatures, pressures, flow rates) are continuously plotted and checked. They are periodically recorded in an Oracle trademark database and in a data file. An alarm for every parameter can be individually activated and optionally connected to a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) delivery message system. A web server receives and publishes the online status of the target with online tables and graphics on a dedicated COMPASS polarized target information web site. A Siemens programmable logic controller (PLC) powered by an uninterruptable source keeps the cryogenic system safe and stable during the long beam periods by controlling valves and interlocks. This safety feature protects the dilution refrigerator against potential damages in case of power failure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which the radiated radiofrequency (RF) GSM (global system for mobile communication) signal may affect pacemaker (PM) function. We measured the signal at the output of the sensing amplifier of PMs with various configurations of low-pass filters. We used three versions of the same PM model: one with a block capacitor which short circuits high-frequency signals; one with a ceramic feedthrough capacitor, a hermetically sealed mechanism connecting the internal electronics to the external connection block, and one with both. The PMs had been modified to have an electrical shielded connection to the output of the sensing amplifier. For each PM, the output of the sensing amplifier was monitored under exposure to modulated and non-modulated RF signals, and to GSM signals (900 and 1800 MHz). Non-modulated RF signals did not alter the response of the PM sensing amplifier. Modulated RF signals showed that the block capacitor did not succeed in short circuiting the RF signal, which is somehow demodulated by the PM internal non-linear circuit elements. Such a demodulation phenomenon poses a critical problem because digital cellular phones use extremely low-frequency modulation (as low as 2 Hz), which can be mistaken for normal heartbeat.

BACKGROUND: Primary gliosarocoma (GSM) is a rare central nervous system tumor with limited experience reported in the literature. The author presents clinical experience and outcome for primary GSM patients in one medical center. METHOD: Patients with primary GSM were selected using a retrospective review (1990 ? 2011). A meticulous chart review was performed and clinical, pathologic data were taken into analysis. RESULTS: Eleven patients were diagnosed with primary GSM. It was 1.6% that of glioblastoma in the same period. The overall median survival was 12 months. Patients who underwent maximal safe resection were found to have a prolonged median survival compared with patients who only underwent biopsy of the tumor (12 vs 6 months, p = 0.288). All patients received a...

SummaryObjectives The aim of this study was to investigate the potential hazardous effects of intrauterine (IU) and/or extrauterine (EU) exposure to 1800MHz Global System for Mobile Communications-like (GSM-like) radiofrequency (RF) on the cochlear functions of infant rabbits by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) response amplitudes. Methods Thirty-six white infant male New Zealand rabbits each 1-month-old were included in the study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Nine infant rabbits (Group 1) were not exposed to 1800MHz GSM-like RF (Control-C). Nine infant rabbits (Group 2) were exposed to 1800MHz GSM-like RF, 15min daily for 14 days after they reached 1-month of age (extrauterine-EU). Nine infant rabbits (Group 3) were exposed to 1800MHz GSM-li...

Development of new personal mobile and wireless devices for healthcare has become essential due to our aging population characterized by constant rise in chronic diseases that consequently require a complex treatment and close monitoring. Personal telehealth devices allow patients to adequately receive their appropriate treatment, followup with their doctors, and report any emergency without the need of the presence of any caregivers with them thus increasing their quality of life in a cost-effective fashion. This paper includes a brief overview of personal telehealth systems, a survey of 100 consecutive ED patients aged >65 years, and introduces "Limmex" a new GSM based technology packaged in a wristwatch. Limmex can by a push of a button initiate multiple emergency call and establish mobile communication between the patient and a preselected person, institution, or a search and rescue service. To the best of our knowledge, Limmex is the first of its kind worldwide. PMID:22956945

This paper presents the way CERN has approached the problem of monitoring its own GSM infrastructure, especially in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator tunnel and other underground facilities, where a leaky feeder cable carries mobile phone signals, and where this technology is the only means for inter-personnel communications.

This paper presents a method of estimating the performance of a digital mobile radio system using wideband channel parameters. The wideband mobile radio channel is often characterized in terms of power delay profiles and Doppler spectra. The wideband channel parameters, such as delay spread, average delay, delay interval and delay window, can be extracted from measured or assumed power delay profiles. In this paper, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is considered and the GSM simulator is developed with full conformance to the GSM specifications. The power delay profiles randomly created were applied to the GSM simulator for different SNR values (8, 12, 16dB). In order to find the most useful wideband channel parameter for the estimation of BER performance of the GSM system with different SNR values, the norm (root mean square error) has been utilized. The results show that the delay spread exhibits the smallest norm for the three considered SNR values and the norm decrease (i.e. provides a better estimation) as the SNR value increases. Based on the delay spread, a useful formula for the performance estimation for each SNR value has been derived. (author). 7 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Enermet AS, Ericsson and Wireless Maingate have developed a new solution for two-way communication for remote reading of electricity meters via the GSM mobile telephone network. The collection of measurements by telephone is not a new concept, but the new method cuts the investment costs to less than one third and the operation costs to less than one fourth of the older method. There are two versions of the new method. One version uses traditional GSM data traffic combined with communication over the low-voltage network by means of LON-Works. Data are collected via the power grid in a low-voltage circuit containing for instance twenty houses each having its own meter and then periodically communicated to a central computer over the GSM system. The other version, which is the cheaper one, involves direct communication with each company or household. This method uses the GSM/SMS (Short Message Service) technique and is most appropriate for communication with one customer at a time. Using this new system, a utility may read off all its customers on for instance December 31 and send out the invoices to all of them the following week. The customer may use the GSM/SMS transmitter/receiver to communicate with his own house or cottage and connect or disconnect apparatuses and check various status indicators.

We have extended the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach to two-fluid open many-fermion systems governed by complex-symmetric Hamiltonians. The applications are carried out for three- and four-nucleon (proton-neutron) systems within the Gamow Shell Model (GSM) in the complex-energy plane. We study necessary and sufficient conditions for the GSM+DMRG method to yield the correct ground state eigenvalue and discuss different truncation schemes within DMRG. The proposed approach will enable configuration interaction studies of weakly bound and unbound strongly interacting complex systems which, because of a prohibitively large size of Fock space, cannot be treated by means of the direct diagonalization.

This study examined the risk of cellular phone ringing interference with implantable loop recorders (ILR). The technical manual of ILR warns of potential interference by cellular phone in close proximity to the implanted device, corrupting the data stored in memory or causing inappropriate device operation. The ringing phase of a digital Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Personal Communication Services (PCS) cellular phone includes a brief burst of peak emitted power. To obviate the risk of dysfunction in recipients of implanted ILRs, the testing was performed with externally applied devices. The ILR was positioned in the left parasternal region and the telemetry wand removed after regular programming. Digital cellular telephones were placed over the device at a 1-cm distance and calls were placed. The phone systems tested were single- or dual-band receivers. The GSM used a maximal power output of 2 W, operating on a 900 MHz carrier frequency, and the PCS a maximal output of 1 W, operating on a 1800 MHz carrier frequency. The device activator was used to store the episodes encompassing the tests. Sixty nine tests were performed in 45 patients. In 61 tests, high-frequency polymorphic artifacts were visible on manually activated recordings, beginning a few seconds before the first audible ringing tone and persisting throughout the ringing phase. Cellular phone ringing in close proximity to an externally applied ILR caused bursts of high-frequency signals during electrocardiogram monitoring, without causing permanent device dysfunction or reprogramming. Cellular telephones are a potential source of electrocardiographic artifacts on ILR recordings. PMID:16839630

Telemedicine is taking a step forward with the efforts of team members from the NASA Glenn Research Center, the MetroHealth campus of Case Western University, and the University of Akron. The Arrhythmia Monitoring System is a completed, working test bed developed at Glenn that collects real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from a mobile or homebound patient, combines these signals with global positioning system (GPS) location data, and transmits them to a remote station for display and monitoring. Approximately 300,000 Americans die every year from sudden heart attacks, which are arrhythmia cases. However, not all patients identified at risk for arrhythmias can be monitored continuously because of technological and economical limitations. Such patients, who are at moderate risk of arrhythmias, would benefit from technology that would permit long-term continuous monitoring of electrical cardiac rhythms outside the hospital environment. Embedded Web Technology developed at Glenn to remotely command and collect data from embedded systems using Web technology is the catalyst for this new telemetry system (ref. 1). In the end-to-end system architecture, ECG signals are collected from a patient using an event recorder and are transmitted to a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA) using Bluetooth, a short-range wireless technology. The PDA concurrently tracks the patient's location via a connection to a GPS receiver. A long distance link is established via a standard Internet connection over a 2.5-generation Global System for Mobile Communications/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS)1 cellular, wireless infrastructure. Then, the digital signal is transmitted to a call center for monitoring by medical professionals.

Single exposure of white outbred rats to electromagnetic radiation with a frequency 905 MHz (GSM frequency) for 2 h increased anxiety, reduced locomotor, orientation, and exploration activities in females and orientation and exploration activities in males. Glucocorticoid levels and antioxidant system activity increased in both males and females. In addition to acute effects, delayed effects of radiation were observed in both males and females 1 day after the exposure. These results demonstrated significant effect of GSM-range radiation on the behavior and activity of stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems of the body. PMID:23113292

A consistent description of weakly bound and unbound nuclei requires an accurate description of the particle continuum properties when carrying out multiconfiguration mixing. This is the domain of the Gamow Shell Model (GSM) which is the multiconfigurational shell model in the complex k-plane formulated using a complete Berggren ensemble representing bound single-particle (s.p.) states, s.p. resonances, and non-resonant complex energy continuum states. We discuss the salient features of effective interactions in weakly bound systems and show selected applications of the GSM formalism to p-shell nuclei. Finally, a development of the new non-perturbative scheme based on Density Matrix Renormalization Group methods to select the most significant continuum configurations in GSM calculations is discussed shortly. (orig.)

This paper presents the design of a dual-band L1/L2 GPS receiver, that can be easily integrated in portable devices (mainly GSM mobile phones). For the ease of integration with GSM wireless systems the receiver can tolerate most of the common GSM crystals, besides the GPS crystals, this will eliminate the need to use another crystal on board. A new frequency plan is presented to satisfy this requirement. A low-IF receiver architecture is used for dual-band operation with analog on-chip image rejection. The receiver is composed of a narrow-band LNA for each band, dual down-conversion mixers, a variable-gain channel filter, a 2-bit analog-to-digital converter, and a fully integrated frequency synthesizer including an on-chip VCO and loop filter. The complex filter can accept IF frequency var...

Todays’ systems for telecommunication are getting more and more complex. Automatic testing is required to guarantee quality of the systems produced. An actual example is the introduction of GPRS traffic in the GSM network nodes. This thesis investigates the need and demands for such an automatic tes...

Addressing the security solutions for LTE, a cellular technology from Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), this book shows how LTE security substantially extends GSM and 3G security. It also encompasses the architectural aspects, known as SAE, to give a comprehensive resource on the topic. Although the security for SAE/LTE evolved from the security for GSM and 3G, due to different architectural and business requirements of fourth generation systems the SAE/LTE security architecture is substantially different from its predecessors. This book presents in detail the security mechanisms em

In the public discussion regarding the health risks of mobile phone system radiation, it is emphasized that the pulse slope of digital modulation, as defined in the GSM-Standard, will cause biological effects. In contrast, the high field strength of broadcasting and television radiation is not considered to be relevant. This paper compares quantitatively the slope of the digital GSM pulses with that of the synchronizing pulse of the television signal. The result shows clearly that the pulse spectrum of the television signal contains that of the GSM signal; in addition, the synchronizing impulse of television exhibits a much steeper slope. Considering the countrywide normal radiation intensities of television and mobile phone systems, it can be stated that the worldwide exposure to the common television signals over more than 50 years can disprove the contention of adverse biological health effects of the pulse slope of digitally modulated radiofrequency. (orig.) [German] In der Diskussion um die Schaedlichkeit von Mobilfunkstrahlen wird betont, dass vor allem die impulsfoermig modulierte Hochfrequenz des GSM-Standards biologisch wirksam sein soll. Die bekanntlich relativ hohen Feldstaerken von Rundfunk und Fernsehen seien dagegen nicht so relevant. In diesem Beitrag werden die Impulsflankensteilheiten der GSM-Signale mit denen der Fernsehsignale verglichen. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die Spektralanteile der GSM-Impulse auch im Spektrum der Fernseh-Synchronimpulse enthalten sind, diese weisen jedoch eine um ein Vielfaches hoehere Impulsflankensteilheit auf. Eine Beruecksichtigung der landesweit herrschenden Strahlungsintensitaeten von Mobilfunk und Fernsehen kann zur Aussage fuehren, dass die seit ueber 50 Jahren weltweit eingefuehrte Fernsehtechnik die Behauptung der biologischen Schaedlichkeit der Impulsflankensteilheit digital modulierter Hochfrequenz widerlegt. (orig.)

In recent years, availability and speed of mobile communication systems have considerably increased enabling accesss to information anywhere and anytime. This has been facilitated by evolution of mobile communication standards from voice-centric 2nd generation standards like GSM towards data-centric...

Ericsson in Linkoping houses one of the largest test laboratories within thewhole Ericsson Company. Mainly, the laboratories contain equipment forGSM, WCDMA and LTE. To test these systems, a quite large number ofRadio Base Stations are needed. The RBS's are housed in a proportionatelysmall area. Ins...

In this work the benefits and the limits of turbo-detection for GSM-systems are examined. Turbo-detection applies the turbo-principle to iterative equalization and decoding. The channel encoder and the transmission channel are regarded as a serial concatenation of convolutional codes, and hence, can...

In today's GSM system there is a complex resource situation when it comes to the scarce TDMA channels in the air interface, the time slots. There are both voice call services that use one or a half time slot and there are packet data users, that may share time slots with other packet data users, and...

In this paper we explore the possibility of exploiting underutilized channels in the GSM bands. The secondary (unlicensed) users of the spectrum are the nodes of an overlay cognitive ad-hoc network, which opportunistically transmits in data channels left unused by the primary (licensed) system. The ...

The advent of the Space Transportation System (STS), as an operational vehicle, has made it possible to ..... RCP or LCP) and the front end of the receiver will be directly at the output of the antenna. ... GSM = 42.8 dB. Minimum antenna gain ...

...0551-AA74 CCC Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) Program AGENCY: Foreign Agricultural...administer the Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) Program. Changes in this proposed...titled ``CCC Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) Program'' in the Federal...

...weight of 215 grams per square meter (``gsm''), APP's Sinar Vanda packaging paperboard with a basis weight of 210 gsm, and APP's blue- [[Page 50085...paperboard (except with a basis weight of 215 gsm), APP's Sinar Vanda packaging...

The archives of meteorological satellites permit to find around the world dry sites well adapted to astronomical observations (in the visible, IR, and millimetric ranges), as a pre-selection of sites. The GSM (Grating Scale Monitor) technique permits to qualify some of them as astronomical sites for a future setting-up of astronomical observatories. Such sites are found in new astronomical countries or in Developing Countries. At the same time, their preventive protection from light pollution and/or radio interference has to be viewed. In practice, once the pre-selection is made, the government of these countries ought to be alerted for example by IAU and/or UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. The local site testing through GSM should be carried out in cooperation with astronomers or scientists of these countries under the umbrella of IAU. This should be an approach to help to introduce astronomy and astrophysics in Developing Countries.

Context-aware applications have been gaining huge interest in the last few years. With cell phones becoming ubiquitous computing devices, cell phone localization has become an important research problem. In this paper, we present CellSense, a prob- abilistic RSSI-based fingerprinting location determina- tion system for GSM phones.We discuss the challenges of implementing a probabilistic fingerprinting local- ization technique in GSM networks and present the details of the CellSense system and how it addresses the challenges. To evaluate our proposed system, we implemented CellSense on Android-based phones. Re- sults for two different testbeds, representing urban and rural environments, show that CellSense provides at least 23.8% enhancement in accuracy in rural areas and at least 86.4% in urban areas compared to other RSSI-based GSMlocalization systems. This comes with a minimal increase in computational requirements. We also evaluate the effect of changing the different system parameters on the accuracy-comp...

In most municipalities the street lighting is switched on and off by means of cascade lighting that is controlled by twilight relays. Cascade lighting entails some inconveniences; one cannot, for example, switch on or off a freely selected control cabinet for some street from a central location. For reasons of economy one should consider control systems based on GSM units and modern electric meters. The article examines the advantages of using such systems.

We combine halo/cluster effective field theory (H/CEFT) and the Gamow shell model (GSM) to describe the 0+ ground state of 6He as a three-body halo system. We use two-body interactions for the neutron-alpha particle and two-neutron pairs obtained from H/CEFT at leading order, with parameters determined from scattering in the p3/2 and s0 channels, respectively. The three-body dynamics of the system is solved using the GSM formalism, where the continuum states are incorporated in the shell model valence space. We find that in the absence of three-body forces the system collapses, since the binding energy of the ground state diverges as cutoffs are increased. We show that addition at leading order of a three-body force with a single parameter is sufficient for proper renormalization and to fix the binding energy to its experimental value.

We combine Halo/Cluster Effective Field Theory (H/CEFT) and the Gamow Shell Model (GSM) to describe the $0^+$ ground state of $\\rm{^6He}$ as a three-body halo system. We use two-body interactions for the neutron-alpha particle and two-neutron pairs obtained from H/CEFT at leading order, with parameters determined from scattering in the p$_{3/2}$ and s$_0$ channels, respectively. The three-body dynamics of the system is solved using the GSM formalism, where the continuum states are incorporated in the shell model valence space. We find that in the absence of three-body forces the system collapses, since the binding energy of the ground state diverges as cutoffs are increased. We show that addition at leading order of a three-body force with a single parameter is sufficient for proper renormalization and to fix the binding energy to its experimental value.

Positioning technologies that use global system for mobile communication (GSM) networks for location estimation (such as the privacy observant location system (POLS) and the place lab framework) lack the accuracy that other positioning technologies like the global positioning system (GPS) have. GPS receivers are most of the time capable of placing a person within 10 m of a known location. Place Lab is an open platform framework implemented in Java for client-side location sensing that can calculate a position estimate from various beacon sources, such as GSM beacons. The POLS framework is a counterpart of Place Lab for Windows Smartphone devices which provide the tools to develop location-based services quickly. There is a lack of accuracy, however, when the location estimation algorithm u...

An increasing number of studies find that pulsed Radio Frequency (RF), electromagnetic radiation of both systems of digital mobile telephony, established and commonly used in Europe during the last years, GSM 900 MHz (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) and DCS 1800 MHz (Digital Cellular System), exert intense biological action on different organisms and cells (Hardell et al., 2006; Hyland, 2000; Kundi, 2004; Panagopoulos et al., 2004, 2007). The two types of cellular telephony radiation use different carrier frequencies and give different frequency spectra, but they usually also differ in intensity, as GSM 900 MHz antennas operate at about double the power output than the corresponding DCS 1800 MHz ones. In our present experiments, we used a model biological system, the reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster, to compare the biological activity between the two systems of cellular mobile telephony radiation. Both types of radiation were found to decrease significantly and non thermally the insect's reproductive capacity, but GSM 900 MHz seems to be even more bioactive than DCS 1800 MHz. The difference seems to be dependent mostly on field intensity and less on carrier frequency. PMID:17454081

Performance analysis of a mobile communications system is often done separately at network and at link level. It is difficult to study a modern mobile communications system like GSM analytically, due to the complexity. Hence simulations are used. It is desirable to include all link aspects in a network simulator, but without having to simulate every single link, since this would be to time consuming. In this paper a method is presented to find the BER and FER from the signal to interference (C/I) values for a GSM type of air-interface, which can be used for integration of link aspects in a network simulator. The accuracy is within 0.2 dB in case of the BER and 0.5 for the FER. Both traffic and control channels are studied and the method is independent of hopping sequences and speed

This paper describes a channel selection filter for mobile communication systems using a direct down conversion architecture. The filter can be programmed to meet the requirements of different communication standards, including GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), and Bluetooth. The filter includes a novel DC offset compensation circuit that combines offset sampling in GSM mode with high pass filtering in WCDMA mode. The filter can be programmed to different noise performance levels by programming the impedance level and power consumption of the input transconductor. The entire filter consumes between 2.5 mW and 7.5 mW, depending on the desired noise performance. It is implemented in a standard 0.25 mum CMOS process. A test circuit has been developed and fabricated and measurements show that both the required programmability and the required transfer functions can be obtained from the designed circuit.

The Geologic Simulation Model (GSM) developed under the Assessment of Effectiveness of Geologic Isolation Systems (AEGIS) project at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy is a quasi-deterministic process-response model which simulates the development of the geologic and hydrologic systems of a ground-water basin for a million years into the future. Effects of natural processes on the ground-water hydrologic system are modeled principally by rate equations. The combined effects and synergistic interactions of different processes are approximated by linear superposition of their effects during discrete time intervals in a stepwise-integration approach. The completed AEGIS GSM was used to generate 500 Monte Carlo simulations of the behavior of the geologic/hydrologic system affecting a hypothetical repository in the Pasco Basin over the next million years. These simulations used data which were not subjected to a review adequate to the needs of a real site performance assessment. However, the general care used in generating the data, and the overall behavior of the GSM suggest that the results are plausible at this time.

Efficient identification of transition states is important for understanding reaction mechanisms. Most transition state search algorithms require long computational times and a good estimate of the transition state structure in order to converge, particularly for complex reaction systems. The growing string method (GSM) [B. Peters et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7877 (2004)] does not require an initial guess of the transition state; however, the calculation is still computationally intensive due to repeated calls to the quantum mechanics code. Recent modifications to the GSM [A. Goodrow et al., J. Chem. Phys. 129, 174109 (2008)] have reduced the total computational time for converging to a transition state by a factor of 2 to 3. In this work, three transition state-finding strategies have been developed to complement the speedup of the modified-GSM: (1) a hybrid strategy, (2) an energy-weighted strategy, and (3) a substring strategy. The hybrid strategy initiates the string calculation at a low level of theory (HF/STO-3G), which is then refined at a higher level of theory (B3LYP/6-31G*). The energy-weighted strategy spaces points along the reaction pathway based on the energy at those points, leading to a higher density of points where the energy is highest and finer resolution of the transition state. The substring strategy is similar to the hybrid strategy, but only a portion of the low-level string is refined using a higher level of theory. These three strategies have been used with the modified-GSM and are compared in three reactions: alanine dipeptide isomerization, H-abstraction in methanol oxidation on VOx/SiO2 catalysts, and C-H bond activation in the oxidative carbonylation of toluene to p-toluic acid on Rh(CO)2(TFA)3 catalysts. In each of these examples, the substring strategy was proved most effective by obtaining a better estimate of the transition state structure and reducing the total computational time by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to the modified-GSM. The applicability of the substring strategy has been extended to three additional examples: cyclopropane rearrangement to propylene, isomerization of methylcyclopropane to four different stereoisomers, and the bimolecular Diels-Alder condensation of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene to cyclohexene. Thus, the substring strategy used in combination with the modified-GSM has been demonstrated to be an efficient transition state-finding strategy for a wide range of types of reactions.

A compact antenna capable of generating two wide operating bands to cover the GSM850/900 (824-960MHz) and GSM1800/1900/UMTS (1710-2170MHz) systems is presented. The antenna occupies just 81.5(L)×7(W)×0.5(H)mm3 on the top edge of the supporting metal frame of the display panel, and is therefore easily embedded in the ultra-thin laptop computers as an internal antenna. The antenna is implemented using a ceramic substrate and consists of multi-branch strips. Based on the principle of the inverted-F antenna, our design yields two operating bands covering 816-983MHz and 1703-2196MHz can be achieved with good radiation performance for our design. The proposed antenna is thus suitable to be installed in the ultra-thin laptop computers for Wireless Wide Area Network applications.   

The concurrent foundation failure of telecommunication masts in Nigeria and all over the world which endanger the lives and properties of residents situated within the fall distance of the telecommunication mast are a thing of great concern. In this study, a GSM mast that underwent foundation failure at Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria was critically examined with a view to providing engineering solution. The soil investigation at the global system for mobile communications (GSM) telecommunication tower comprised of laboratory tests: sieve analysis, Atterberg limits and moisture content tests were carried out on the soil samples obtained while Dutch cone penetrometer test was performed on the site to a depth of refusal to determine the allowable bearing pressure at various depths of the soil. The application of Boussineq's and Westergard's formulae for point loads using Java programme to simulate and compute the stress distribution at various predetermined depths showed the stress distribution pattern beneath the f...

Internet and telecommunication are still developing at high speed; data traffic on the digital highway is doubling every nine months. Every year many gsm masts to streamline the mobile communication traffic and the number of broadband connections has grown to five million in a short period of time. Due to the increasing data traffic data centers shoot up like mushrooms. This article pays addresses the option to save energy by means of efficient cooling systems. [mk]. [Dutch] Internet en telecommunicatie ontwikkelen zich nog altijd razendsnel: het dataverkeer op de digitale snelweg verdubbelt elke negen maanden. Jaarlijks komen er vele gsm-masten bij om het mobiele communicatieverkeer te stroomlijnen en het aantal breedbandaansluitingen is in korte tijd gegroeid naar vijf miljoen. Door het toenemende dataverkeer schieten datacenters als paddenstoelen uit de grond. In dit artikel wordt aandacht besteed aan de mogelijkheid om energie te besparen d.m.v. efficiente koelsystemen.

Abstract A compact and printed multiband antenna incorporating a conductive wire for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation is presented. The antenna was formed on a low-cost, single-layered dielectric substrate of thickness 1 mm with the dimensions 10 55 mm2. The antenna is a couple-fed short-circuited monopole in the shape of T, which consists of two resonant paths for two wide operating bands. Unlike the conventional WWAN antennas utilizing a large system ground plane as the antenna ground to excite the antenna, the proposed antenna has a very small ground portion with comparable size to the radiating monopole and yet can also cover the GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS bands by incorporating a simply wire. The design is especially suited to some e-book reader applications, in which...

Purpose: To investigate whether mobile phone radiation might affect snail nociception, employing radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) which, to our knowledge, have hitherto not been studied in a snail model. Exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields has however been shown to significantly affect nociceptive responses. Materials and methods: In the present study, we exposed 29 land snails of the strain Helix pomatia to global system for mobile communications (GSM) EMF at 1900 MHz at the non-thermal level 48 mW/kg for 1 hour each and 29 snails were sham controls. The experiments took place during the onset of summer, with all snails being well out of hibernation. Before and after GSM or sham exposure, the snails were subjected to thermal pain by being placed on a ...

Abstract An internal eight-band LTE/WWAN on-board printed antenna meeting the hearing air compatibility (HAC) specification of ANSI C63.19-2007 in the bar-type mobile phone is presented.The antenna is a coupled-fed inverted-F antenna directly printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone and can generate two wide operating bands (698-960/1710-2690 MHz) to respectively cover the LTE700/ GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation. With the antenna disposed on the bottom edge of the circuit board and surrounded by an L-shape ground plane, the near-field strengths of the emitted electric and magnetic fields 15 mm above the acoustic output are evaluated to be in category M3 or M4 of the HAC specification. That is, the mobile phone with the embedded LTE/WWAN antenna can be...

It is something you are using many times every day. No, it is not your computer - it is your phone, and the CERN Telecom Team is making sure that you stay connected. This year, the team faces a big challenge: The change of CERN's mobile phone operator at the beginning of next year means that 2700 SIM cards have to be replaced. In compliance with CERN purchasing rules, an international call for tender was issued in March 2003, and in June the Finances Committee decided to award the contract for the provision of GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) services to the Swiss operator SUNRISE for six years, starting January 2004. Since July, the CERN Telecom Team, in collaboration with SUNRISE, is preparing the migration of the whole CERN GSM network. This means not only changing SIM cards, but also overseeing the replacement of the GSM network: 44 new emitting and receiving stations (above ground and inside the tunnels) and the interconnecting fibre-optic cables have to be installed by the new operator in ...

...Agricultural Service Title: CCC's Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102). OMB Control Number: 0551-0004. Summary of Collection: The Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM- 102) is administered by the Commodity Credit Corporation...

Mobile phone use has increased worldwide but its possible effects on the brain remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute exposure to a radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) generated by a mobile phone operating in the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 900 MHz on cerebral blood flow. Twenty-nine volunteers attended two experimental sessions: a sham exposure session and a real exposure session in a cross-over double-blind study in which a mobile phone was positioned on the left side of the head. In one session, the mobile phone was operated without RF radiation (sham phone) and in the other study it was operated with RF radiation (real phone) for 20 min. Thus, each subject served as its own control. Middle cerebral artery blood flow was monitored noninvasively by transcranial Doppler sonography to measure middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Pulsatility index and resistance index were also evaluated. A voluntary breath holding physiological test was carried out as a positive control for testing cerebral vasoreactivity. Hemodynamic variables were recorded and analyzed before, during and after mobile phone exposure. No significant changes were detected in studied variables in middle cerebral arteries during sham or real exposure. In the exposed side the cerebral blood flow velocity, the pulsatility index and the resistance index during sham and real exposure were respectively: [61.9 ± 1.3, 61.7 ± 1.3 cm/s (P = 0.89)]; [0.93 ± 0.03, 0.90 ± 0.02 (P = 0.84)] and [0.58 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.01 (P = 0.96)] at baseline; and [60.6 ± 1.3, 62 ± 1.6 cm/s (P = 0.40)]; [0.91 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.03 (P = 0.97)]; [0.57 ± 0.01, 0.56 ± 0.01 (P = 0.82)] after 20 min of exposure. Twenty minutes of RF exposure to a mobile phone does not seem to affect the cerebral circulation. PMID:23106209

Topicality of the problem. GSM mobile networks are very widely used in the world and the number of GSM users exceeds 10^9. In the last decade, the GSM/GPRS network has been very rapidly expanded in Lithuania as well. Coverage of the network has reached 99 % of territory of the country. Load of the ...

A general Variational Bayesian framework for iterative data and parameter estimation for coherent detection is introduced as a generalization of the EM-algorithm. Explicit solutions are given for MIMO channel estimation with Gaussian prior and noise covariance estimation with inverse-Wishart prior. Simulation of a GSM-like system provides empirical proof that the VBEM-algorithm is able to provide better performance than the EM-algorithm. However, if the posterior distribution is highly peaked, the VBEM-algorithm approaches the EM-algorithm and the gain disappears. The potential gain is therefore greatest in systems with a small amount of observations compared to the number of parameters to be estimated.

Why is indoor coverage needed, and how it is best implemented? As the challenge of providing higher data speeds and quality for mobile applications intensifies, ensuring adequate in-building and tunnel coverage and capacity is increasingly important. A unique, single-source reference on the theoretical and practical knowledge behind indoor and tunnel radio planning, Indoor Radio Planning, Second Edition provides an overview of mobile networks systems and coverage solutions with GSM, UMTS, HSPA and LTE cellular systems technologies as a backdrop. All of the available solutions, from basic passi

...monitoring system must be based...and the information generated by such system must meet...approvable PAL monitoring system are...solvents, continuous emission...for further information. The submitted...to include monitoring sufficient...may include continuous emission monitoring systems,...

...demonstration of the continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS). The...during which the monitoring system is inoperative...achieved. The information generated by monitoring, recordkeeping...and achieve continuous compliance...

We analyse the higher order modes (HOM's) in the 3.9GHz bunch shaping cavities installed in the FLASH facility at DESY. A suite of finite element computer codes (including HFSS and ACE3P) and globalised scattering matrix calculations (GSM) are used to investigate the modes in these cavities. This study is primarily focused on the dipole component of the multiband expansion of the wakefield, with the emphasis being on the development of a HOM-based BPM system for ACC39. Coupled inter-cavity modes are simulated together with a limited band of trapped modes.

This paper investigates the Radio Resource Management (RRM) approaches for GSM/GPRS networks. The effort was put on Access Control(AC), Time-Slot (TS) allocation, and Radio Link Control (RLC) packet scheduling for down-link performance enhancement. A new credit-based algorithm was proposed and implemented in a system level simulator. The simulation results for overall cell throughput as well as throughput per user show an improvement for the proposed scheme in comparison to a Best Effort algorithm, in particular in high-load scenarios.

Traditional feedforward structures suffer from performance constraints caused by the complex adder before quantizer. This paper presents an improved 4th-order 1-bit sigma-delta modulator which has a simple adder and delayed input feedforward to relax timing constraints and implement low-distortion. The modulator was fabricated in a 0.35 {mu}m CMOS process, and it achieved 92.8 dB SNDR and 101 dB DR with a signal bandwidth of 100 kHz dissipating 8.6 mW power from a 3.3-V supply. The performance satisfies the requirements of a GSM system. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

The paper presents the method of transferring PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) based audio messages through SMS (Short Message Service) over GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network. As SMS is text based service, and could not send voice. Our method enables voice transferring through SMS, by converting PCM audio into characters. Than Huffman coding compression technique is applied in order to reduce numbers of characters which will latterly set as payload text of SMS. Testing the said method we develop an application using J2me platform

What meaning does a glaciological reconstruction have without error bars? I would submit none. Interpretation of model results requires some combination of explicit and implicit uncertainty estimates. The glaciological, climate, and Earth systems modelling communities have been slow to incorporate, in any statistically self-consistent way, the objective determination of model and data uncertainties into their results. Though ensemble calculations offer a first step, the order million or more point sampling required to even partially cover glacial cycle model parametric uncertainties in the context of reconstructing past ice sheet chronologies precludes standard ensemble approaches. I will present a Bayesian framework for model calibration based on a combination of Bayesian artificial neural networks and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. The neural networks function as statistical emulators of model response to parameter variation. The calibration provides a posterior distribution for model parameters (and thereby in our case modelled glacial histories) given observational constraint data sets. This methodology explicitly accounts for constraint data uncertainty and emulation uncertainty of the neural networks along with a partial assessment of structural uncertainty of the model. The methodology also permits the incorporation of diverse and large sets of noisy constraint data into the calibration procedure and has been applied in varied incarnations to both General Circulation climate models and 3D glacial systems models (GSMs). As partial validation, I will show that Bayesian artificial neural networks are effective and efficient emulators for GSM response, that they permit computationally feasible MCMC sampling of GSM ensemble parameters, and that therefore a full Bayesian calibration of a GSM is approachable (limited by incomplete assessment of structural uncertainty). To convey a concrete example, I will present relevant algorithmic details and some results from a recently completed calibration of a deglacial model for Eurasia. I will also summarize ongoing efforts towards more completely quantifying structural uncertainty, especially with respect to spatial-temporal correlations.

The purpose is to develop a dragline mine planning system that can handle complex mine design problems that occur in mountainous terrain, and to show the potential benefits of incorporating recent advances in computer technology into the mine planning process. The interactive mine planning system developed uses recent advances in 3D computer graphics capabilities and 3D geologic modelling for mine planning. The computer package incorporates the generation of a three dimensional gridded seam model (GSM) as the basis for development of a geologic database. This modelling method can represent rugged terrain and multiple coal seams, accurately. The GSM is integrated with the mine planning system to develop one model and one database for generation of the mine design, the depletion of coal resources, and the movement of spoil. The dragline mine planning system was tested by generating a total mine design for a multiple seam coal operation in mountainous terrain, and comparing it with the manually generated plan for the same site. 58 refs., 38 figs., 1 tab.

The potential effects of radiofrequency (RF) exposure on the genetic material of cells are very important to determine since genome instability of somatic cells may be linked to cancer development. In response to genetic damage, the p53 protein is activated and can induce cell cycle arrest allowing more time for DNA repair or elimination of damaged cells through apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, similar to those emitted by mobile phones of the second generation standard, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), may induce expression of the p53 protein and its activation by post-translational modifications in cultured human cells. The potential induction of p53 expression and activation by GSM-900 was investigated after in vitro exposure of human amniotic cells for 24?h to average specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.25, 1, 2, and 4?W/kg in the temperature range of 36.3-39.7?°C. The exposures were carried out using a wire-patch cell (WPC) under strictly controlled conditions of temperature. Expression and activation of p53 by phosphorylation at serine 15 and 37 were studied using Western blot assay immediately after three independent exposures of cell cultures provided from three different donors. Bleomycin-exposed cells were used as a positive control. According to our results, no significant changes in the expression and activation of the p53 protein by phosphorylation at serine 15 and 37 were found following exposure to GSM-900 for 24?h at average SARs up to 4?W/kg in human embryonic cells. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:22767080

In the two previous parts of this paper, the semi-empirical adiabatic generalized Skettrup model (GSM) was presented, and used to simulate the distribution N(E) of a single-electron density of states, optical spectrum, and properties of defects of non-homogeneous hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films. Here, we demonstrate that this N(E) distribution is practically not influenced by diabatic effects when lengths of phonon confinement exceed several hundreds angstroms. Thus, the N(E) becomes practically the same for both optical (adiabatic) and electrical (generally diabatic) processes in such materials. In addition, the GSM predicts existence of extended and localized states in the single-electron spectrum. The 'displaced oscillator' approximation is applied to the calculating of probabilities of thermally and optically activated electron transitions (TAET and OAET, respectively) in a two-level system. Spectral dependencies of the OAET and TAET probabilities are simulated for this system under Debye's and Einstein's approximations on the single-phonon spectrum. The results obtained are discussed in relationship with the features of generalized Laguerre polynomials, alongside previously reported data on statistical properties of spatially confined multi-phonon systems.

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is presently developing a non-hydrostatic mesoscale model which is suitable for forecasting meso-Beta and gamma scale phenomena over complex terrain. The model will be delivered to the Army in 1997. However, until the non-hydrostatic model becomes operational, HOTMAC (Higher Order Turbulence Model for Atmospheric Circulation) will be used as an operational model in the U.S. Army's IMETS (Integrated METeorological System) to make a short-range (up to 24 hours) forecast of battlescale atmospheric phenomena. The U.S. Army is mainly concerned with meteorological conditions spatially within the area of 500 km x 500 km x 10 km or less and temporally within the period of 24 hours or less. The Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) prototype IMETS is currently receiving the forecast and analysis fields of meteorological variables produced from the U.S. Air Force Global Spectral Model (GSM) through the Automated Weather Distribution System (AWDS). In the near future, the Relocatable Window Model (RWM) output is expected to become available. The RWM is the Air Force's regional meso-alpha model similar to the Navy Operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System (NORAPS). The U.S. Army is planning to use the output of GSM (or RWM) to initialize and assimilate into HOTMAC. HOTMAC has been used extensively at the ARL (formerly Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory), and simulate the evolution of locally forced circulations due to surface heating and cooling over meso-Beta and gamma scale areas. HOTMAC is numerically stable and easy to use and thus, suitable for operational use.

The AirCell/Iridium dual mode service is evaluated for potential applications to Air Traffic Management (ATM) communication needs. The AirCell system which is largely based on the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) technology, and the Iridium FDMA/TDMA system largely based on the Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM) technology, can both provide communication relief for existing or future aeronautical communication links. Both have a potential to serve as experimental platforms for future technologies via a cost effective approach. The two systems are well established in the entire CONUS and globally hence making it feasible to utilize in all regions, for all altitudes, and all classes of aircraft. Both systems have been certified for air usage. The paper summarizes the specifications of the AirCell/Iridium system, as well as the ATM current and future links, and application specifications. the paper highlights the scenarios, applications, and conditions under which the AirCell/Iridium technology can be suited for ATM Communication.

This study assessed whether four patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease could make independent phone calls via a computer-aided telephone system. The study was carried out according to a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants. All participants started with baseline during which the telephone system was not available, and continued with intervention in which such system was used. It involved a net-book computer provided with specific software, a global system for mobile communication modem (GSM), a microswitch, and photos of the persons available for the phone calls. All participants learned to use the system and made phone calls independently to a variety of partners such as family members, friends and staff personnel. The positive implications of the system ...

...owners to conduct monitoring to support certification...EPA to implement monitoring and certification...recognizing that continuous emissions monitoring systems need not be required...reliable and timely information for...

Direct observations of debris flows in the field by monitoring stations are of great importance to improve understandings of triggering, flow behaviour and accumulation of debris flows. Upon the knowledge of the authors, in Europe debris-flow monitoring stations are only situated in the Alps (Italy and Switzerland), while no test site is located in a catchment affected by Mediterranean climate. In 2005, the first monitoring system was set up by GEOBRUGG IBERICA SA in the Erill catchment, situated in the Axial Pyrenees. A flexible ring net VX160-H4 with load-cells was installed together with a video camera and four geophones. In addition, a meteorological station completed the instrumentation. During 2009, the monitoring of two additional catchments has been set up; Senet in the Axial Pyrenees and Ensija in the Pre-Pyrenees. Four geophones and one ultrasonic device are installed along the torrent in order to determine the flow velocity and flow depth/discharge of the events. As in Erill, a meteorological station completes the devices and measures rainfall and temperature. The main objective of the three monitoring stations is to get some insights on how the Mediterranean climate influences the critical rainfall for debris-flow initiation. The flow behaviour of debris flows is another major goal, while the Erill test site focuses basically on the effectiveness of flexible ring nets. In addition, the Erill installation also acts as protection for the village located on the fan. The calibration, installation and analysis during the testing phase showed that a correct implementation of the different sensors is not an easy task and needs knowledge in geophysics, electronics, telecommunications etc. Especially geophones and ultrasonic devices need special attentions. Geophone outputs are strongly affected by the type of underground and the distance to the torrent, while the measures of the ultrasonic sensor clearly depend on the temperature. To simplify the data storage and processing, geophone signals are converted into impulses. This involves definition of a threshold to filter seismic "noise" caused by other processes. An additional difficulty in our test sites is the remoteness, which needs an independent power supply by solar panels and GSM-transmission of the data gathered. In Senet and Ensija catchment, hyperconcentrated flows have been observed during summer 2009 by field surveys, although these events could not have been clearly detected by the geophones and the ultrasonic device. Thus, only the critical rainfall amount for generating such type of flows could be analysed. These data support the hypothesis that short-lasting and intensive summer storms are common triggering precipitations for hyperconcentrated flows and also for debris flows. In Erill, three small events with volumes of a few hundreds of cubic-meters have been occurred till now. All of them were stopped by the flexible ring barrier, while the barrier has been self-cleaned by the natural dynamics of the stream. Such events (hyperconcentrated flows) are allegedly exceptional; therefore the flows have been generated as consequence of high intensity rainfall, very common in this area. For this reason it's thought that the debris flow phenomenon and the trigger conditions should be studied in detail, to achieve the required knowledge to calculate the future impact loads and scenarios.

The paper presents the challenges involved in a system design of a robust reconfigurable RF front-end for navigation and mobile standards. Receiver architecture is chosen from the point of view of inter-system interference and 130nm CMOS process characteristics. System concept covers the implementation of GPS, Galileo, UMTS, GSM and CDMA2000 using a Zero-IF architecture with reconfigurable analog and digital path. Feasibility studies of the system cover analysis of the wireless regulations and performance criteria, such as overall gain, noise figure (NF), and 1dB compression point (P1dB) of the RF chain, phase noise requirements and VCO tuning range [1]. The presented chip was fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology. System considerations are confirmed with the chip measurements of gain, noise figure, and linearity. Prospects for the future work are presented including technology shrink.

In order to access the cell in all mobile communication technologies a so called random-access procedure is used. For example in GSM this is represented by sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message from Mobile Station (MS) to Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is consequently forwarded as an CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the Base Station Controller (BSC). If the BTS decodes some noise on the Random Access Channel (RACH) as random access by mistake (so- called ‘phantom RACH') then it is a question of pure coincidence which èstablishment cause’ the BTS thinks to have recognized. A typical invalid channel access request or phantom RACH is characterized by an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT procedure (assignment of an SDCCH or TCH) which is not followed by sending an ESTABLISH INDICATION from MS to BTS. In this paper a mathematical model for evaluation of the Power RACH Busy Threshold (RACHBT) in order to guaranty in advance determined outage probability on RACH is described and discussed as well. It focuses on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) however the obtained results can be generalized on remaining mobile technologies (ie WCDMA and LTE).

A wide range of non thermal biological effects of microwave radiation (MW) was revealed during the last decades. A number of reports showed evident hazardous effects of MW on embryo development in chicken. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the effects of MW emitted by a commercial model of GSM 900 MHz cell phone on embryo development in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during both short and prolonged exposure. For that, fresh fertilized eggs were irradiated during the first 38 h or 14 days of incubation by a cell phone in "connecting" mode activated continuously through a computer system. Maximum intensity of incident radiation on the egg's surface was 0.2 ?W/cm2.The irradiation led to a significant (pGSM 900 MHz cell phone on developing quail embryos signify a possibility for non-thermal impact of MW on embryogenesis. We suggest that the facilitating effect of low doses of irradiation on embryo development can be explained by a hormesis effect induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Future studies need to be done to clarify this assumption. PMID:22268787

This is an update to EGU2011-3094 informing on the progress of the establishment of a National Tsunami Warning Center in Turkey (NTWC-TR) under the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission - Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (IOC-ICG/NEAMTWS) initiative. NTWC-TR is integrated into the 24/7 operational National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) of KOERI comprising 129 BB and 61 strong motion sensors. Based on an agreement with the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (DEMP), data from 10 BB stations located in the Aegean and Mediterranean Coast is now transmitted in real time to KOERI. Real-time data transmission from 6 primary and 10 auxiliary stations from the International Monitoring System will be in place in the very near future based on an agreement concluded with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) in 2011. In an agreement with a major Turkish GSM company, KOERI is enlarging its strong-motion network to promote real-time seismology and to extend Earthquake Early Warning system countrywide. 25 accelerometers (included in the number given above) have been purchased and installed at Base Transceiver Station Sites in coastal regions within the scope of this initiative. Data from 3 tide gauge stations operated by General Command of Mapping (GCM) is being transmitted to KOERI via satellite connection and the aim is to integrate all tide-gauge stations operated by GCM into NTWC-TR. A collaborative agreement has been signed with the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC) and MOD1 Tsunami Scenario Database and TAT (Tsunami Analysis Tool) are received by KOERI and user training was provided. The database and the tool are linked to SeisComp3 and currently operational. In addition KOERI is continuing the work towards providing contributions to JRC in order to develop an improved database (MOD2), and also continuing work related to the development of its own scenario database using NAMI DANCE Tsunami Simulation and Visualization Software. Further improvement of the Tsunami Warning System at the NTWC-TR will be accomplished through KOERI's participation in the FP-7 Project TRIDEC focusing on new technologies for real-time intelligent earth information management to be used in Tsunami Early Warning Systems. In cooperation with Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), KOERI has its own GTS system now and connected to GTS via its own satellite hub. The system has been successfully utilized during the First Enlarged Communication Test Exercise (NEAMTWS/ECTE1), where KOERI acted as the message provider. KOERI is providing guidance and assistance to a working group established within the DEMP on issues such as Communication and Tsunami Exercises, National Procedures and National Tsunami Response Plan. KOERI is also participating in NEAMTIC (North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Information Centre) Project. Finally, during the 8th Session of NEAMTWS in November 2011, KOERI has announced that NTWC-TR is operational as of January 2012 covering Eastern Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas and KOERI is also ready to operate as an Interim Candidate Tsunami Watch Provider.

Standards stipulate 6-min time interval of averaging for measurements of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to assess human exposure to non-ionising radiation. Having in mind the base stations of public land mobile systems, the time interval defined in such a way noticeably limits the number of measuring points in practical applications. In this paper, based on the results of measurements in the vicinity of a multisystem base station (Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM], Digital Communication System [DCS] and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System [UMTS]), it was shown that the measurement process can be significantly accelerated by using shorter time intervals of averaging—15 s, 30 s and 1 min. It was found that measurement results differed from the 6-min root-mea...

The autonomous drifting buoys equipped with satellite link turn into one of the most important components of the global system of operative observations of the ocean and the surface layer of the atmosphere. However, on the regional level, the problem of analysis of the surface circulation of waters in the coastal zone and sea straits remains quite urgent because the available drifters cannot be used in this case due to their sizes and long intervals between measurements. We present the results of development and testing of a new drifter system aimed at measuring currents. The system is based on the use of buoys operating at depths less than 1 m. To improve the space-and-time resolution of measurements, the buoys are equipped with receivers of the global positioning system (GPS) and GSM mod...

Since late 2002, a continuous automatic monitoring network (CAMN) was designed, built and installed in Tuscany (Italy), in order to investigate and define the geochemical response of the aquifers to the local seismic activity. The purpose of the investigation was to identify eventual earthquake precursors. The CAMN is constituted by two groups of five measurement stations each. A first group has been installed in the Serchio and Magra graben (Garfagnana and Lunigiana Valleys, Northern Tuscany), while the second one, in the area of Mt. Amiata (Southern Tuscany), an extinct volcano. Garfagnana, Lunigiana and Mt. Amiata regions belong to the inner zone of the Northern Apennine fold-and-thrust belt. This zone has been involved in the post-collision extensional tectonics since the Upper Miocene-Pliocene. Such tectonic activity has produced horst and graben structures oriented from N-S to NW-SE that are transferred by NE-SW system. Both Garfagnana (Serchio graben) and Lunigiana (Magra graben) belong to the most inner sector of the belt where the seismic sources, responsible for the strongest earthquakes of the northern Apennine, are located (e.g. the M=6.5 earthquake of September 1920). The extensional processes in southern Tuscany have been accompanied by magmatic activity since the Upper Miocene, developing effusive and intrusive products traditionally attributed to the so-called Tuscan Magmatic Province. Mt. Amiata, whose magmatic activity ceased about 0.3 M.y. ago, belongs to the extensive Tyrrhenian sector that is characterized by high heat flow and crustal thinning. The whole zone is characterized by wide-spread but moderate seismicity (the maximum recorded magnitude has been 5.1 with epicentre in Piancastagnaio, 1919). The extensional regime in both the Garfagnana-Lunigiana and Mt. Amiata area is confirmed by the focal mechanisms of recent earthquakes. An essential phase of the monitoring activities has been the selection of suitable sites for the installation of monitoring stations. This has been carried out on the basis of: i) hydrogeologic and structural studies in order to assess the underground fluid circulation regime; ii) a detailed geochemical study of all the natural manifestations present in the selected territories, such as cold and hot springs and gas emission zones; iii) logistical aspects. Therefore, a detailed hydrogeochemical study was performed in 2002. A total of 150 water points were sampled in Garfagnana/Lunigiana area (N-W Tuscany) and analysed. Based on the results of this multidisciplinary study, five water points suitable for the installation of the monitoring stations, were selected. They are: Bagni di Lucca (Bernabò spring), Gallicano (Capriz spring) and Pieve Fosciana (Prà di Lama spring) in Garfagnana, Equi Terme (main spring feeding the swimming pool of the thermal resort) and Villafranca in Lunigiana (well feeding the public swimming pool). In the Amiata area, in the preliminary campaign, 69 water points were sampled and analyzed and five sites were selected. They are Piancastagnaio, Santa Fiora, Pian dei Renai and Bagnore, which are fed by the volcanic aquifer, and Bagno Vignoni borehole, which is fed by the evaporite carbonate aquifer. The installation and start-up process of the monitoring systems in the Garfagnana-Lunigiana area begun in November 2002; in the Monte Amiata region it begun in June 2003. From the day of installation, a periodic water sampling and manual measurement of the main physical and physicochemical parameters have been carried out on a monthly basis. Such activity has the double function of performing a cross-check of the monitoring instrumentation, and carrying out additional chemical and isotopic analysis. The continuous automatic monitoring stations operate with flowing water (about 5 litres per minute) and record the following parameters: temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (ORP) and the content of CO2 and CH4 dissolved in water. Data are acquired once per second; the average value, median value and variance of the samples collected over a period of 5 min are recorded in a local removable non-volatile memory (Compact Flash card). Data can be downloaded both onsite and in remote, via a GSM/GPRS modem connected to the embedded PC. The results of seven years of continuous monitoring can be summarised as follows: i) the monitoring stations made it possible to detect even small variations of the measured parameters, with respect to equivalent commercial devices; ii) acquired data made it possible to identify the groundwater circulation patterns; iii) in most locations, the observed trend of the acquired parameters is consistent with the periodic manual sampling results, and confirms the mixture of different water types that the hydrogeochemical model has determined. The absence of seismic events with a sufficient energy precluded the possibility to locate anomalies, with two exception: Equi Terme and Bagno Vignoni sites. At the Equi Terme station an anomalous increase in the dissolved CO2 content was observed twelve days before a M=3.7 earthquake occurred at a distance of 3 km north of the monitoring station. At the Bagno Vignoni station an anomalous decrease in the temperature and electrical conductivity signal was observed nine days before a M=3.3 earthquake occurred at a distance of 12 km est of the monitoring station. The CAMN resulted as being a suitable tool in order to investigate the anomalous variations of the physical, physicochemical and chemical parameters of aquifer systems as earthquake precursors.

Abstract This paper presents the detailed architecture of the WISECOM system, which can quickly re-establish and provide telecommunication services after a disaster by integrating terrestrial mobile radio networks, such as GSM, WiFi, WiMAX and TETRA, with satellite technologies. The system aims to be a useful tool to be deployed in the early hours after a disaster event, for both the victims and the rescue services who will be able to communicate in a reliable and robust way, improving the coordination of the different teams and reducing the time needed to provide victims with the proper treatment. The paper presents in detail the different services provided by the system taking into account its two different versions, based on two different satellite technologies, Inmarsat BGAN and DVB-RC...

Laboratory prototype water quality monitoring system provides automatic system for online monitoring of chemical, physical, and bacteriological properties of recovered water and for signaling malfunction in water recovery system. Monitor incorporates whenever possible commercially available sensors suitably modified.

The monitoring system for unplanned releases at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) consists of separation facilities stack monitors, production reactor filter compartment and stack monitors, 12 site perimeter monitors, the NOAA-Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data link, meteorological tower system, Weather Information and Display (WIND) system computer, and the VANTAGE database management system. The unplanned release monitoring system provides automatic monitoring of abnormal stack releases and automatic inclusion of these in the WIND system emergency response codes.

...Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources...QC) procedures for continuous opacity monitoring systems (COMS) used to demonstrate continuous compliance with opacity...Register. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms....

Abstract In this article, the general public daily exposure to broadcast signals and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile telephone signals in indoor areas is investigated. Temporal variations and traffic distributions during a day at different indoor sites in urban and rural zones are presented. The goal is to analyze the real exposure compared to the maximum assessment imposed by radio protection standards and to characterize the ratio between daily and maximum theoretical values. Hence, a realistic maximum is proposed based on the statistical analysis performed using measurements. Broadcast signals remain constant over the day so they are best fitted with a Normal distribution while the mobile telephone signals depend ...

Emerging standardization of Geo Mobile Radio (GMR-1) for satellite system is having strong resemblance to terrestrial GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) at the upper protocol layers and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is one of them. This space segment technology as well as terrestrial technology, is characterized by periodic variations in communication properties and coverage causing the termination of ongoing call as connections of Mobile Nodes (MN) alter stochastically. Although provisions are made to provide efficient communication infrastructure this hybrid space and terrestrial networks must ensure the end-to-end network performance so that MN can move seamlessly among these networks. However from connectivity point of view current TCP performance has not been engineered for mobility events in multi-radio MN. Traditionally, TCP has applied a set of congestion control algorithms (slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery) to probe the currently available bandwidth on...

This work's goal is the enhancement of first aid measures directly after car accidents by calling suited first aiders via Car-to-Car (C2C) communication and to assist them providing detailed multimedia support instructions. Our concept combines upcoming C2C communication technologies with established technology, in particular GPS and GSM. After a collision, the proposed FirstAidAssistanceSystem (FAAS) sends a broadcast message using C2C technology according to the IEEE 802.11p standard. All nearby cars (as potential first aiders) are located and at least one nearest candidate (we suggest 3-5) driving towards the accident scene is chosen and notified as first aider. A support guide on his multipurpose display (e.g. the navigation system) provides first aiders with detailed instructions and illustrative tutorials. The paper presents our concept in detail with a discussion of practical evaluation criteria and an introduction of a first test implementation.

Ilmunud ka: Postimees : na russkom jazõke 10. mai lk. 2. Politsei andmetel on Eesti kuritegelike jõukude käes praegu vähemalt paar GSM-levi segajat ehk jammerit. Politseil on õnnestunud konfiskeerida autovarastelt üks GSM-levi tõkestaja. Lisa. Kasutajapiirang. Vt. samas: Jammereid saab osta internetist

...handset meets the criteria for a M3 rating for operations over GSM at 1900 MHz by enabling the user optionally to reduce the maximum...handsets that let the consumer reduce maximum transmit power for GSM operations in the 1900 MHz band by up to 2.5 decibels,...

Today, more and more mobile services are emerging: GSM 850, GSM 900, PCS 1800, DCS 1900, UMTS, DVB-H, WLAN, etc. The mobile antennas are required to support an increasing number of bands. On the other hand, due to the trend towards miniaturization, the available space inside the mobile phones for t...

The Inside Monitoring System is a microprocessor based Armoured Face Conveyor (AFC) monitoring package, with its transducers embedded into the equipment to perform continuous 'on-line' monitoring of the AFC system. Areas covered are: gearbox monitoring; chain tension monitoring; sprocket monitoring; and positive restart (i.e. to warn that the conveyor is being overloaded and will not re-start if stopped). The monitoring system is expected to increase efficiency by increasing AFC availability and preventing expensive breakdowns. 36 figs.

During a geomagnetic storm, characteristic variations of cosmic ray intensity recorded by the worldwide network of neutron monitor stations are observed. More specifically, a characteristic increase of Cosmic Ray intensity is observed mainly in the middle latitude stations, due to the geomagnetic cut-off rigidity changes. Athens neutron monitor is considered as one of the most suitable worldwide for observing this kind of phenomena. During the time period 2000-2010 about 7 geomagnetic effects were observed with the most significant being the one on November of 2003, which is considered as the largest magnetic storm in the history of neutron monitors. The contribution of middle latitude stations in the prediction and observation of such effects is significant. In this work the magnetic storms at 8 and 10 November 2004 are analyzed using data from Athens Neutron Monitor and other stations from the worldwide Neutron Monitors network as well. The variations of the cosmic ray intensity were studied with respect to the geomagnetic indices Dst and Kp and using the global spectrographic survey method (GSM) the changes of the geomagnetic cut-off rigidities during these events were calculated. From our analysis it was shown that the maximum cut-off rigidity changes were observed at the range around 6.5-9 GV. This corresponds to unusually low latitudes for maximal effect. The largest effect of the examined events was the one at 8th November 2004, best observed at the Athens (37.58°N, 23.47°E, 8.53GV) and Potchefstroom (-26.68°S, 27.10°E, 7.0 GV) neutron monitors.

Data transmission, telecommunications, optical fiber system used to monitor and control the electric power transmission, telecommunication systems reliability, uses of telecommunication system as a extension of electric power transmission, microwave monitoring system and maintenance of telecommunication system are discussed

...2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Ground-water monitoring systems. 257.22 Section...Non-Hazardous Waste Disposal Units Ground-Water Monitoring and Corrective Action § 257.22 Ground-water monitoring systems. (a) A...

Introduction The GSM-1800 signal has been in use for several years in Europe and questions raised about its potential biological effects, in view of the fact that, with respect to GSM-900, the increase in the carrier frequency corresponds to a more superficial absorption in the tissues. Consequently, the skin becomes an even more important target for the absorption of the radiofrequency radiation (R.F.R.) emitted by mobile phones. Nevertheless, brain tissues remain a critical target. Cells In order to determine whether R.F.R. at 1800 MHz could behave as a genotoxic agent, skin and brain cells were exposed to a 217-Hz-modulated GSM-1800 signal and assayed using the comet assay: (1) normal human epidermal keratinocytes (N.H.E.K.) and dermal fibroblasts (N.H.D.F.) which are cutaneous cells from epidermis and dermis respectively, and (2) the S.H. -S.Y.5.Y. and C.H.M.E.-5 human cell lines, which are neuroblastoma and micro-glial cells, respectively. Exposure The R.F.R. exposure system that was used in these experiments was manufactured by I.T. I.S. (Zurich, Switzerland). It consists in two shorted waveguides allowing to run exposed and sham conditions at the same time in the same culture incubator, at 37 Celsius degrees, 5% CO{sub 2}. It is controlled by a software, which provides blind conditions until completion of data analysis. The specific absorption rate (S.A.R.) used was 2 W/kg, corresponding to the public exposure limit recommended by I.C.N.I.R.P. and the exposure duration was 48 hours. Comet assay At the end of the exposure, cells were removed from their Petri dish by trypsin/EDTA treatment, counted and 5 x 10{sup 4} cells were used to detect DNA damage including single DNA breaks. Positive controls were performed using hydrogen peroxidase (1%, 1 hour). The genotoxic effects were detected using the alkaline comet assay kit (Trevigen slides) following the supplier procedure. Under these conditions, 6 independent experiments were performed for each cell type (2 Petri dishes by run). The analysis was done on at least 100 images from two comet slides (one per Petri dish) for each cellular model and exposure condition. Results The analysis of the slides is ongoing. Once the data analysis is completed, I.T.I.S. will break the blinding codes, and the results will be presented at the meeting. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by France Telecom R and D, Bouygues Telecom, the Cnrs and the Aquitaine Council for Research. (authors)

The present study investigated the effects of 902.4 MHz global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) with the (15) O-water tracer. Fifteen young, healthy, right-handed male subjects were exposed to phone radiation from three different locations (left ear, right ear, forehead) and to sham exposure to test for possible exposure effects on brain regions close to the exposure source. Whole-brain [¹?O]H?O-PET images were acquired 12 times, 3 for each condition, in a counterbalanced order. Subjects were exposed for 5 min in each scan while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. The exposure induced a slight temperature rise in the ear canals but did not affect brain hemodynamics and task performance. The results provided no evidence for acute effects of short-term mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow. PMID:21932437

The JMA's Global Spectral Model (JMA/GSM) was run from the initial conditions of ECMWF, which are available in the YOTC data set, to distinguish between TC track prediction errors attributable to the initial conditions and those attributable to the NWP model. The average position error was reduced by about 10% by replacing the initial conditions, and in some cases, the predictions were significantly improved. In these cases, the low wavenumber component of the ECMWF analysis was found to account for most of the improvement. In addition, the observed tracks were captured by the JMA Typhoon Ensemble Prediction System (TEPS), which deals with initial condition uncertainties. In some cases, however, the replacement of the initial conditions did not improve the prediction even when the ECMWF forecast was accurate. In these cases, TEPS could not capture the observed track either, implying the need for dealing with uncertainties associated with the NWP model.

We review the Space Mapping (SM) concept and its applications in engineering optimization and modeling. The aim of SM is to avoid computationally expensive calculations encountered in simulating an engineering system. The existence of less accurate but fast physically-based models is exploited. SM drives the optimization iterates of the time-intensive model using the fast model. Several algorithms have been developed for SM optimization, including the original SM algorithm, Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM), Trust Region Aggressive Space Mapping (TRASM) and Hybrid Aggressive Space Mapping (HASM). An essential subproblem of any SM based optimization algorithm is parameter extraction. The uniqueness of this optimization subproblem has been crucial to the success of SM optimization. Different approaches to enhance the uniqueness are reviewed. We also discuss new developments in Space Mapping-based Modeling (SMM). These include Space Derivative Mapping (SDM), Generalized Space Mapping (GSM) and Space Mapping-based Neuromodeling (SMN). Finally, we address open points for research and future development.

The internet has been widely used to promote collaborative learning among students. However, students do not always have access to the system, leading to doubt in the interaction among the students, and reducing the effectiveness of collaborative learning, since the web-based collaborative learning environment relies entirely on the availability of computers and the internet. A web-based collaborative learning scheme based on activity awareness carried out through mobile phones is proposed herein. The proposed mechanism automatically sends SMS messages on a GSM network, based on student identity and learning activity, making the student aware of the collaborative learning context, and further improving the student's learning. A web-based collaborative learning activity was implemented in a Taiwan undergraduate class to examine the proposed scheme. Experiments demonstrated that awareness of the collaborative learning context through mobile phones significantly increased student participation in learning activity and improving student learning performance. (Contains 4 figures and 5 tables.)

In this work the spatial distribution of the location error in wireless cellular networks operating in an urban outdoor environment is studied. We assume signal strength based positioning methods that avoid additional network hardware costs and handset modifications, while approaching FCC requirements for emergency positioning. In order to cope with the computational burden associated with the required spatial discrimination of our analysis, we developed an efficient simulator that is capable of analyzing a comprehensive class of cost efficient location algorithms based on the received signal strength measurements made periodically by the mobile terminals in GSM and UMTS systems. The simulation results show that the key factors to achieve positioning accuracy are line-of-sight and homogene...

Wireless based data acquisition solutions are the focus of many researchers and have a huge impact in domains like structural analysis, medical telemonitoring, transportation or environmental studies. This paper presents an experimental General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based remote data acquisition and analysis system which offers mobile phone control possibilities. Sensor voltage variations are sampled by the TI MSP430F2274 microcontroller and transmitted to a Web Server using the Cinterion MC55iT GSM/GPRS terminal. Collected data are available to authorized users, for visual inspection and analysis, by both a LabVIEW application and a mobile phone web interface. If recorded data values exceed established control limits the terminal is automatically instructed to send warning messages ...

Abstract A small ultra-thin planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) which can be switchable or tunable using PIN or varactor diodes, respectively, is proposed. The antenna consists of two radiators and connected together using two PIN or varactors diodes. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by (i) tuning using varactor diodes or (ii) switching using PIN diodes. In the study, when varactors are used, the PIFA is optimized to operate in five frequency bands centered at 0.72, 1.35, 1.98, 3.6, and 5 GHz. Varying the voltages across the varactors can tune these five bands over the range of 45.33% (0.58-0.92 GHz), 17.77% (1.23-1.47 GHz), 26% (1.57-2.04 GHz), 6.66% (3.48-3.72 GHz), and 0.97% (4.99-5.04 MHz), covering the DVB-H, GSM 800/900, GPS, PCS, DCS, UMTS, Wibro phase III, WiMAX, WLAN systems, ...

This study examined the risk of cellular phone ringing interference with implantable loop recorders (ILR). The technical manual of ILR warns of potential interference by cellular phone in close proximity to the implanted device, corrupting the data stored in memory or causing inappropriate device operation. The ringing phase of a digital Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Personal Communication Services (PCS) cellular phone includes a brief burst of peak emitted power. To obviate the risk of dysfunction in recipients of implanted ILRs, the testing was performed with externally applied devices. The ILR was positioned in the left parasternal region and the telemetry wand removed after regular programming. Digital cellular telephones were placed over the device at a 1-cm distance...

The rapid development of wireless technologies leads to increased human exposure to electromagnetic fields from new devices. Most of these technologies communicate in short to medium range. Communication devices, such as mobile phones (GSM, UMTS, LTE) and wireless computer networks (WLAN, HSDPA, WIMAX) usually work at distances up to some 10 km. Other techniques like Bluetooth, RFID, and wireless USB work at distances up to a few meters. RFID systems can use several frequency bands from low frequencies up to microwaves. The other technologies are mainly using microwave frequencies. Most of these technologies have a rather low-output power, typically <1 W average power, except for fixed transmitters like base stations. This means that the exposure from distant sources is low. If the devices...

This paper presents a tool capable of automatically compiling the circuit of a direct-conversion receiver at the schematics level based on system specifications that include the frequency of operation, gain, noise figure, IIP2 and IIP3 linearity. The front-end of a direct-conversion receiver is built using inductive source degeneration (LSD) LNA and double-balanced source-degenerated Gilbert Cell mixers with charge injection. The tool uses power constrained noise and linearity optimization vector-space algorithms that automatically size the transistors, passive components, and find the optimum biasing points. The solution generated by the tool is automatically read by Agilent ADS where the blocks are easily fine-tuned and validated before layout. Case studies involving WiMAX, UMTS, GSM, Bl...

GERAN (GSM-EDGE Radio Access Network) operators have traditionally used the Erlang B formula to estimate the number of signalling channels on a per-cell basis. Thus, it is assumed that the network behaves as a loss system with Poisson arrivals. However, the presence of automatic retrial mechanisms and correlated arrivals in these channels suggests that these assumptions might not be valid. This paper presents a performance analysis of the Stand-alone Dedicated Control CHannel in GERAN. Preliminary analysis shows that the Erlang B formula underestimates congestion and blocking on this channel. To address this issue, a queueing model with retrials and correlated arrivals is proposed, where correlation between arrivals is modelled by a simple Markov-Modulated Poisson Process. The proposed mod...

Objective: To extend the assessment of a special messaging technology with two adults emerged from a minimally conscious state and showing extensive motor disabilities as well as limited or no oral/verbal skills. Method: The study involved a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants. Both participants started with baseline in which the technology was not available, and continued with intervention in which the technology was used. The technology involved a net-book computer provided with specific software, a global system for mobile communication (GSM) modem, microswitches, and pre-recorded lists of persons and messages. Results: Both participants learned to send out and receive (listen to) messages independently during the intervention. They sent out a mean of three or th...

Purpose: To analyze the short-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure on genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of human hair root cells. Subjects and methods: Hair samples were collected from eight healthy human subjects immediately before and after using a 900-MHz GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone for 15 and 30 min. Single-strand DNA breaks of hair root cells from the samples were determined using the `comet assay'. Results: The data showed that talking on a mobile phone for 15 or 30 min significantly increased (p < 0.05) single-strand DNA breaks in cells of hair roots close to the phone. Comparing the 15-min and 30-min data using the paired t-test also showed that significantly more damages resulted after 30 min than after 15 min of phone use. Concl...

Despite the important role of the immune system in defending the body against infections and cancer, only few investigations on possible effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on function of human immune cells have been undertaken. Aim of the present investigation was therefore to assess whether GSM modulated RF fields have adverse effects on the functional competence of human immune cells. Within the frame of the multidisciplinary project "Biological effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF)" sponsored by the National Occupation Hazard Insurance Association (AUVA) in vitro investigations were carried out on human blood cells. Exposure was performed at GSM Basic 1950 MHz, an SAR of 1 mW/g in an intermittent mode (5 min "ON", 10 min "OFF") and a maximum Delta T of 0.06 degrees C for the duration of 8 h. The following immune parameters were evaluated: (1) the intracellular production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (INF) gamma in lymphocytes, and IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in monocytes were evaluated with monoclonal antibodies. (2) The activity of immune-relevant genes (IL 1-alpha and beta, IL-2, IL-2-receptor, IL-4, macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF)-receptor, TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha-receptor) and housekeeping genes was analyzed with real time PCR. (3) The cytotoxicity of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) against a tumor cell line was determined in a flow cytometric test. For each parameter, blood samples of at least 15 donors were evaluated. No statistically significant effects of exposure were found and there is no indication that emissions from mobile phones are associated with adverse effects on the human immune system. PMID:16342197

Critical precipitation events occurred over the Italian territory have been often characterized by high intensity and very fast development, frequently over small catchment areas. The detection of this kind of phenomena is a major issue that poses remarkable problems that cannot be tackled completely only with 'standard' instrumentation (even when available), such as a weather radars or raingauges. Indeed, the rainfall sampling modalities of these instruments may jeopardize the attempts to provide a sufficiently fast risk alert: - the point-like, time-integrated way of sampling of raingauges can completely/partially miss local rainfall cores of high intensity developing in the neighborhoods. Moreover, raingauges provide cumulated rainfall measurements intrinsically affected by a time delay. - In the case of weather radars, several factors may limit the advantages brought by range resolution and instantaneous sampling: precipitation might be sampled at an excessive height due to the distance of the radar site and/or the orography surrounding the valleys/catchments where the aforementioned kind of events is more likely to form up; distance may limit the resolution in the cross-range direction; beam screening due to orography causes a loss of power that is interpreted in the farther range bins as a reduced precipitation intensity. In this context, a positive role for flagging the criticality of a precipitation event can be played by signal attenuation measurements made along microwave links, as available through the infrastructure of a mobile communications network. Three are the interesting features of such networks: 1) the communications among radio-base stations occur where point-to-point electromagnetic visibility is guaranteed, namely along valleys or between tops/flanks of hills or mountains; 2) the extension of these links (few kilometres) is perfectly compatible with the detection of severe but localized precipitation events; 3) measurements can be made on a practically continuous-time basis. In the past years, we showed that new scenarios for tomographic rainfall monitoring have been disclosed by the availability of widespread networks of radio-base stations for mobile communications (i.e., GSM, GPRS, UMTS). Such networks could be employed as the backbone of a low cost system able to provide 2D estimates of rainfall in real time. Monitoring capabilities increase in more populated sites, as urban areas, where such radio links form up a dense network that can be exploited to get detailed information also about structure and evolution of rainfall phenomena. In 2010, we presented a novel tomographic processing method for rainfall rate estimation, specifically adaptable to the dense and asymmetric topologies of urban networks of radio-base stations. In this paper, we show its application to a simulated time sequence of specific attenuation (K) maps, derived from true weather radar data gathered during a rainfall event specifically selected to evaluate the performance of the tomographic retrieval in critical conditions. The event was in fact very localized and intense and lasted two hours. 12 GHz is assumed for the carrier frequency of the radio-base network. We show the reconstruction performance of the 2D K fields achieved resorting first to a symmetric, regular network and then to a couple of totally asymmetric ones.

The DOE`s Cooperative Remote Monitoring programs integrate elements from research and development and implementation to achieve DOE`s objectives in arms control and nonproliferation. The contents of this issue are: cooperative remote monitoring--trends in arms control and nonproliferation; Modular Integrated Monitoring System (MIMS); Authenticated Tracking and Monitoring Systems (ATMS); Tracking and Nuclear Materials by Wide-Area Nuclear Detection (WAND); Cooperative Monitoring Center; the International Remote Monitoring Project; international US and IAEA remote monitoring field trials; Project Dustcloud: monitoring the test stands in Iraq; bilateral remote monitoring: Kurchatov-Argonne-West Demonstration; INSENS Sensor System Project.

An important characteristic of a mobile handset is its ability to receive and transmit power. One way to characterize the performance of a handset in this respect is to use measurements of the spherical radiation pattern from which the total radiated power (TRP), total isotropic sensitivity (TIS), and mean effective gain (MEG) can be computed. Often this kind of measurements are made with a phantom head next to the handsets in order to simulate the influence of a real user. The measured radiation patterns are only expected to be repeatable if the same setup is used, i.e., the same phantom and the same mounting of the handset on the phantom. In this work the influence of mounting errors on the TRP, TIS, and MEG is investigated. Knowledge about the error due to incorrect mounting is necessary in determining requirements for both the mounting accuracy as well as for other parts of the measurement system that may introduce errors in standardized performance measurements. Radiation patterns of six handsets have been measured while they were mounted at various offsets from the reference position defined by the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) certification. The change in the performance measures are investigated for both the GSM-900 and the GSM-1800 band. Despite the deliberately large deviations from the reference position, the changes in TRP and TIS are generally within ±0.5dB with a maximum of about 1.4dB. For the MEG values the results depend on the orientation of the handset with respect to the environment. Standard deviations up to about 0.5dB and a maximum deviation of about 1.6dB were found.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular phone base station RF-EMF (radiofrequency electromagnetic fields) exposure on psychological symptoms (good mood, alertness, calmness) as measured by a standardized well-being questionnaire. Fifty-seven participants were selected and randomly assigned to one of three different exposure scenarios. Each of those scenarios subjected participants to five 50-min exposure sessions, with only the first four relevant for the study of psychological symptoms. Three exposure levels were created by shielding devices in a field laboratory, which could be installed or removed during the breaks between sessions such that double-blinded conditions prevailed. The overall median power flux densities were 5.2 microW/m(2) during "low," 153.6 microW/m(2) during "medium," and 2126.8 microW/m(2) during "high" exposure sessions. For scenario HM and MH, the first and third sessions were "low" exposure. The second session was "high" and the fourth was "medium" in scenario HM; and vice versa for scenario MH. Scenario LL had four successive "low" exposure sessions constituting the reference condition. Participants in scenarios HM and MH (high and medium exposure) were significantly calmer during those sessions than participants in scenario LL (low exposure throughout) (P = 0.042). However, no significant differences between exposure scenarios in the "good mood" or "alertness" factors were obtained. We conclude that short-term exposure to GSM base station signals may have an impact on well-being by reducing psychological arousal. PMID:18803247

... false Monitoring of consecutive public water systems. 141.29 Section 141.29...ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Monitoring and Analytical...

The scintillation index of a Gaussian Schell-model beam with twist phase (i.e., twisted GSM beam) in weak turbulent atmosphere is formulated with the help of a tensor method. Variations of the scintillation index of a twisted GSM beam on propagation in turbulent atmosphere are studied in detail. It is interesting to find that the scintillation index of a twisted GSM beam can be smaller than that without twist phase in weak turbulent atmosphere. Thus, modulation of the twist phase of a partially coherent beam provides a new way to reduce turbulence-induced scintillation. PMID:22854461

Article. Motorization of disconnecting switches in electric networks is becoming a topical issue. It is often focused on the secondary functions: signal transfer and communication. The primary functions, current conduction, reliability at the moment of connection, lifetime and maintenance-freedom and the cooperation with the motor have been relegated to the background. The article deals with quality criteria for disconnecting switches, selection of motor controls, and fields of use. The control signals can be transmitted by line, radio, GSM or satellite. The frequency band that is available for radio transmission is narrowing in step with the development of GSM, and so satellite transmission and GSM are becoming more attractive

The emergence of major seismological and earthquake-engineering problems requiring large, dense instrument arrays led several of us to investigate alternate solutions. Evans and Rogers (USGS Open File Report 95-555, 1995) and Evans (USGS Open File Report 98-109, 1998) demonstrated the efficacy of low-cost robust silicon accelerometers in strong-motion seismology, making possible a vast increase in the spatial density of such arrays. The 1998 design displays true 16-bit performance and excellent robustness and linearity---13 of these prototype near-real-time instruments are deployed in Oakland, California, and have recorded data from seven small events (up to 5.7 %g). Since this technology is a radical departure from past efforts, it was necessary for the USGS to develop the sensor and demonstrate its efficacy thoroughly. Since it is neither practical nor appropriate for the USGS to produce instrumentation beyond a demonstration phase, the US Geological Survey and GeoSIG Ltd undertook a collaborative effort (a ``CRAD'') to commercialize the new technology. This effort has resulted in a fully temperature-compensated 16-bit system, the GeoSIG GT-316, announced in April, 2001, combining the ICS-3028 TM-based USGS sensor, temperature compensation technique, and peak ground velocity (PGV) computation with a highly customized 16-bit GeoSIG recorder. The price has not been set but is likely to be around \\2000 in large quantities. The result is a near-real-time instrument telemetering peak ground acceleration (PGA) and PGV about 90 s after onset of the P wave, then minutes later transmitting the waveform. The receiving software, ``HomeBase()'', also computes spectral acceleration, S_{a}. PGA, PGV, S_{a}, and waveforms are forwarded immediately by HomeBase() for ShakeMap generation and other uses. Shaking metrics from the prototypes in Oakland are consistently among the first to arrive for the northern California ShakeMap. For telemetry we use a low-cost always-connected cell-phone-based Internet technology (CDPD), but any RS-232 connected telemetry system is a viable candidate (spread spectrum, CDMA, GSM, POT). The instruments can be synchronized via CDPD to a few tenths of a second, or to full precision with an optional GPS receiver. Sensor RMS noise is 33 \\mathrm \\mu g over the band 0.1 to 35 Hz, 11 \\mathrm \\mu g$ over the band 0.1 to 1.0 Hz; the sensor is extremely linear (far better than 1% of full scale); temperature compensation is to better than 1% of full scale. TREMOR-class instruments are intended to fill the niche of high spatial resolution with an economical low-maintenance device, while conventional instruments continue to pursue maximum amplitude resolution. The TREMOR instrument also has applications in areas where budget or access limitations require lower purchase, installation, or maintenance cost (commercial ANSS partners, remote sites, on-call aftershock arrays, extremely dense arrays, and organizations with limited budgets). However, we primarily envision large, mixed arrays of conventional and TREMOR instruments in urban areas, the former providing better early information from small events and the TREMOR instruments guaranteeing better spatial resolution and more near-field recording of large events. Together, they would meet the ANSS goal of dense near-real-time urban monitoring and the collection of requisite data for risk mitigation.

This paper presents a study of feasibility of different existing methodologies linked to field's data acquisition from remote meteorological stations. The data transmission serves to collect field's meteorological information, such as temperature, humidity and radiation. In our study the experimental data is registered in a weather station located about 100 km from the University of Almeria. Various existing techniques are studied, especially Radio, GSM (global system of mobile communication) and GPRS (general packet radio service). In the result of these studies has been designed a system of field's data acquisition (herein referred as Meteologger) which we are going to present in this paper. The system is based on an ATmega 16 microcontroller, which scans 8 sensors together at any programmable intervals. This paper presents the study of the mentioned project, application and some main characteristics of the prototype system and its program. We attempt to implement the system, and subsequently present the performance of tests regarding the mentioned system. To verify its functioning some comparison of this measurement system with two others commercial data-acquisition system (Campbell and Hobo H8) has been carried out. (author)

It has been reported that GSM electromagnetic fields (GSM-EMFs) of mobile phones modulate - after a prolonged exposure - inter-hemispheric synchronization of temporal and frontal resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in normal young and elderly subjects (Vecchio et al., 2007, 2010). Here we tested the hypothesis that this can be even more evident in epileptic patients, who typically suffer from abnormal mechanisms governing synchronization of rhythmic firing of cortical neurons. Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in ten patients affected by focal epilepsy in real and sham exposure conditions. These data were compared with those obtained from 15 age-matched normal subjects of the previous reference studies. The GSM device was turned on (45min) in the ''GSM'' condition and wa...

Mobiilsideoperaatorile Q GSM (praegune Tele2) edu taganud turundusstrateegiatest. Lisad: Q GSMi Dynamo teenuspaketi eesmärgid; Q GSMist sai Tele2. Diagramm: 2000. aastal turule toodud Dynamo pakett tõi murrangu

...or non-contiguous spectrum'' and that large spectrum blocks were necessary for ``broadband technologies such as CDMA and GSM.'' With wide-area licenses, the Commission indicated licensees would be able to ``compete effectively with other...

The data service on GSM subscriptions has been improved, allowing CERN users to access the Internet directly. A CERN GSM subscription with data option now allows you to connect to the Internet from a mobile phone or a PC equipped with a GSM modem. The previous access (CERN intranet) still exists. To get access to the new service, you will find all the information on configurations at: http://cern.ch/gprs The use of this service on the Sunrise network is charged on a flat-rate basis (no extra charge related to the volume of downloaded data). Depending on your CERN subscription type (standard or master), you can also connect to foreign GSM data networks (roaming), but this is strongly discouraged, except where absolutely necessary, due to international roaming charges. Telecom Section, IT/CS

The transients produced by the pantograph electric arc and captured by a GSM-R antenna mounted on the roof top are characterized in the time domain and in the joint time-frequency domain, in order to quantify the noise produced on the GSM-R channels. The recorded signals are also characterized in order to evaluate the behavior of the GSM-R protocol in relation to burst noise with transients undergoing different repetition intervals. To this aim the GSM-R protocol is considered in particular with respect to data bit protection and for the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate and frame error rate, evaluated by repeated laboratory tests based on recorded transients. The measurements were performed on a 25kV 50Hz French railway line.

Next year - 2012 - will be the 30th anniversary of the birth of the GSM standard. Back in 1982, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) standard to allow mobiles to be used across Europe. In 1989, the development process was transferred to ETSI, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, and phase I of the GSM specifications was published in a year later.The GSM standard is about to reach its 30th anniversary. But although it uses encryption to protect the integrity of the data transmissions - voice calls or data - the technology has been shown to have some serious vulnerabilities.Many of these stem from the fact that the mobile device must authenticate itself to the network over the air. This is achi...

This study investigated the significance of the genetic differences between assemblages A, B and E on intestinal growth and virulence. Intestinal growth and virulence were studied in 2 laboratory (A(I): WB and B: GS/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype A(I), A(II), B and E(III). Intestinal trophozoite burdens, body weight and faecal consistency were monitored until day 29 post-infection (p.i.), morphological (mucosal architecture and inflammation) and functional (disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity) damage to the small intestine were evaluated on days 7 and 18 p.i. The assemblage subtypes A(I) and B were more infectious and produced higher trophozoite loads for a longer period compared to the subtypes A(II) and E(III). The body weight of infected gerbils was significantly reduced compared to uninfected controls, but did not differ between the assemblage subtypes. Consistent softening of the faeces was only observed with assemblage B. Assemblage B next to assemblage subtype A(I) elicited relatively higher pathogenicity, characterized by more extensive damage to mucosal architecture, decreased brush-border enzyme function and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Assemblage E(III) and A(II) isolates showed relatively low virulence. The Giardia assemblage subtypes exhibit different levels of growth and virulence in the gerbil model. PMID:22216783

Extensive simulation results of the transverse fluctuations in two driven lattice gases, the classical one with current and a modified version without current, are in agreement with the field theory proposed by Garrido et al (GSM). Based on the facts that results from both models are indistinguishable and they obey excellent scaling only by using GSM exponents, I concluded that the conclusions of the recent letter by Caracciolo et al are flawed. (comment)

There have been various navigation and tracking systems being developed with the help of technologies like GPS, GSM, Bluetooth, IR, Wi-Fi and Radar. Outdoor positioning systems have been deployed quite successfully using GPS but positioning systems for indoor environments still do not have widespread deployment due to various reasons. Most of these use only a single technology for positioning but using more than one in cooperation with each other is always advantageous for obtaining greater accuracy. Particularly, the ones which use Bluetooth are better since they would enhance the scalability of such a system because of the fact that this technology is in use by the common people so it would always be easy to track them. Moreover it would also reduce the hardware installation cost to some extent. The system that has been introduced here uses Bluetooth primarily for positioning and tracking in combination with Wi-Fi access points. The reason that makes the commercial application of such a system easier and ch...

Within the frame of the MAGNET Project ('Multimodal Approach for GNSS 1 in European Transport') of the Telematics Applications programme of the 4{sup th} Research Framework of the European Community (1994-1998), a GNSS-based Train Positioning Platform (TPP) has been developed and tested with the wide area augmentation system pre-EGNOS and a local differential GNSS system using a reference station. This paper presents the principle and the system architecture of the developed GNSS-based train positioning system and highlights the system performance achieved in field tests. The TPP consists of a GNSS core module with an EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) decoding function, a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) data link for local GPS and GLONASS differential corrections, a digital route map and an interface to odometer. The first step to calculate the train position is to select either wide area or local area differential corrections depending on which are available. The position and velocity are then calculated and matched to the track by using the digital route map. Finally, the GNSS position and velocity data is integrated with odometer data in a sensor data fusion model. The integrated solution avoids the masking problem of GNSS signals and reduces odometer errors like drift and braking slip, so that a continuous positioning availability can be reached and the positioning accuracy can be improved to meter level. The achieved performance is being exploited for industrial applications. (orig.)

Abstract in portuguese Este artigo analisa em nível exploratório a validade do CTMC, em termos de sua estrutura fatorial, validade convergente, validade discriminante e validade preditiva. Serão analisadas as respostas de 230 participantes que cursavam o ensino médio. Para investigar a estrutura fatorial foi usada a análise fatorial exploratória. Para investigar a validade convergente, divergente e preditiva foi usado o modelamento por equação estrutural. Os resultados apontam que os es (more) cores dos testes possuem adequada confiabilidade e validade. A estrutura fatorial dos itens dos testes indica a presença de três fatores especializados da memória de curto-prazo (Gsm). Os testes convergem para mensurar Gsm e divergem na mensuração de Gf. Gsm, medida pelo CTMC, prediz Gf. Abstract in english This article is an exploratory study of CTMC validity. It investigates the CTMC factorial structure, and the convergent, divergent and predictive validity. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of CTMC from 230 high school students' data. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the convergent, divergent and predictive validity. The result shows the reliability and validity of tests scores. The factorial structure of test items ind (more) icates three specialized factors of the short term memory (Gsm). Tests converge to measure Gsm while diverge to measure Gf. Gsm measured by CTMC predicts Gf.

It is the nature of complex systems, composed of many interacting elements, that unanticipated phenomena develop. Computer simulation, in which the elements of a complex system are implemented as interacting software objects (actors), is an effective tool to study collective and emergent phenomena in complex systems. A new cognitive architecture is described for constructing simulation actors that can, like the intelligent elements they represent adapt to unanticipated conditions. This cognitive architecture generates trial behaviors, estimates their fitness using an internal representation of the system, and has an internal apparatus for evolving a population of trial behaviors to changing environmental conditions. A specific simulation actor is developed to evaluate surveillance radar images of moving vehicles on battlefields. The vehicle cluster location, characterization and discrimination processes currently performed by intelligent human operators were implemented into a parameterized formation recognition process by using a newly developed family of 2D cluster filters. The mechanics of these cluster filters are described. Preliminary results are presented in which this GSM actor demonstrates the ability not only to recognize military formations under prescribed conditions, but to adapt its behavior to unanticipated conditions that develop in the complex simulated battlefield system.

Standards stipulate 6-min time interval of averaging for measurements of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to assess human exposure to non-ionising radiation. Having in mind the base stations of public land mobile systems, the time interval defined in such a way noticeably limits the number of measuring points in practical applications. In this paper, based on the results of measurements in the vicinity of a multisystem base station (Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM], Digital Communication System [DCS] and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System [UMTS]), it was shown that the measurement process can be significantly accelerated by using shorter time intervals of averaging--15 s, 30 s and 1 min. It was found that measurement results differed from the 6-min root-mean-square mean by 10.5 %, 15.9 and 19 %, respectively, while the uncertainty of the measurements was increased by 3.0 %, 3.8 and 4.4 %, respectively. Shorter time-averaging intervals would reduce the total duration of the exposure assessment survey, while not compromising too much on measurement quality. PMID:21778156

...index, some information is not publicly...or other information whose disclosure...Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary...General Information A. Why is...procedures for continuous opacity monitoring systems used to...

It is expected that the Rocket Engine Condition Monitoring System (RECMS) program will define engine monitoring technologies and an integration approach which can be applied to engine development in support of advanced launch system objectives. The RECMS program approaches engine monitoring as a system which is fully integrated with the engine controller, vehicle monitoring system, and ground processing systems to ensure mission success in addition to engine reliability. The system components are monitored through health and performance sensors; they are analyzed with the diagnostic and prognostic algorithms and demonstrated by system testing with hardware from other advanced development programs.

The SmartBrick network is an autonomous and wireless solution for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures. The base station is currently in its third generation and has been laboratory- and field-tested in the United States and Italy. The second generation of the sensor nodes has been laboratory-tested as of publication. In this paper, we present recent enhancements made to hardware and software of the SmartBrick platform. Salient improvements described include the development of a new base station with fully-integrated long-range GSM (cellular) and short-range ZigBee communication. The major software improvement described in this paper is migration to the ZigBee PRO stack, which was carried out in the interest of interoperability. To broaden the application of the platform to critical environments that require survivability and fault tolerance, we have striven to achieve compliance with military standards in the areas of hardware, software, and communication. We describe these efforts and present a survey of the military standards investigated. Also described is instrumentation of a three-span experimental bridge in Washington County, Missouri; with the SmartBrick platform. The sensors, whose output is conditioned and multiplexed; include strain gauges, thermocouples, push potentiometers, and three-axis inclinometers. Data collected is stored on site and reported over the cellular network. Real-time alerts are generated if any monitored parameter falls outside its acceptable range. Redundant sensing and communication provide reliability and facilitate corroboration of the data collected. A web interface is used to issue remote configuration commands and to facilitate access to and visualization of the data collected.

Conventional Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers operate well in open-sky environments. But their performance degrades in urban canyons, indoors and underground due to multipath, foliage, dissipation, etc. To overcome such situations, several enhancements have been suggested such as Assisted GPS (A-GPS). Using this approach, orbital parameters including ephemeris and almanac along with reference time and coarse location information are provided to GPS receivers to assist in acquisition of weak signals. To test A-GPS enabled receivers high-end simulators are used, which are not affordable by many academic institutions. This paper presents an economical A-GPS supplement for inexpensive simulators which operates on application layer. Particularly proposed solution is integrated with National Instruments' (NI) GPS Simulation Toolkit and implemented using NI's Labview environment. This A-GPS support works for J2ME and Android platforms. The communication between the simulator and the receiver is in accordance with the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) protocol encapsulated with Radio Resource Location Protocol (RRLP) applies to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular networks.

It is well-known that antenna measurements are error prone with respect to reflections within an antenna measurements test facility. The influence on near-field (NF) measurements with subsequent NF to far-field (FF) transformation can be significantly reduced applying soft- or hard-gating techniques. Hard-gating systems are often used in compact range facilities employing fast PIN-diode switches (Hartmann, 2000) whereas soft-gating systems utilize a network analyzer to gather frequency samples and eliminate objectionable distortions in the time-domain by means of Fourier-transformation techniques. Near-field (NF) antenna measurements are known to be sensitive to various errors concerning the measurement setup as there have to be mentioned the accuracy of the positioner, the measurement instruments or the quality of the anechoic chamber itself. Two different approaches employing soft- and hard-gating techniques are discussed with respect to practical applications. Signal generation for the antenna under test (AUT) is implemented using a newly developed hard-gating system based on digital signal synthesis allowing gate-widths of 250 ps to 10 ns. Measurement results obtained from a Yagi-Uda antenna under test (AUT) and a dual polarized open-ended waveguide used as probe antenna are presented for the GSM 1800 frequency range.

Third generation (3G) cellular wireless systems are envisioned to offer low cost, high-capacity mobile communications with data rates of up to 2 Mbit/s, with global roaming and advanced data services. Besides adding mobility to the internet, 3G systems will provide location-based services, as well as personalized information and entertainment. Low cost, high dynamic-range radios, both for base stations (BS) and for mobile stations (MS) are required to enable worldwide deployment of such networks. A receiver's reference sensitivity, intermodulation characteristics, and blocking characteristics, set by a wireless standard, define performance requirements of individual components of a receiver front end. Since base station handles multiple signals from various distances simultaneously, its radio specifications are significantly more demanding than those for mobile devices. While high level of integration has already been achieved for second generation hand-sets using low-cost silicon technologies, the cost and size reduction of base stations still remains a challenge and necessity. While silicon RFIC technology is steadily improving, it is still difficult to achieve noise figure (NF), linearity, and phase noise requirements with presently available devices. This paper will discuss base station specification for 2G (GSM) and 3G (UMTS) systems, as well as the feasibility of implementing base station radios in low-cost silicon processes.

For the past million years of Earth history, the Canadian Shield has experienced a continuous process of glaciation and deglaciation, events that have significantly altered the landscape of the northern half of the North American continent. This sequence of events, ultimately due to small changes in received solar radiation due to the influence of gravitational many body effects upon the earths orbit around the sun, should they continue, constitute an important phenomena with respect to developing an understanding of groundwater flow system evolution in Shield terrain as it may influence the long-term performance of a Deep Geologic Repository for used nuclear fuel. In this paper a description is provided of the University of Toronto Glacial Systems Model, which is being applied to yield geophysically constrained predictions of the last Laurentide (North American) glacial event. In particular, the GSM is providing unique insight into the time rate of change, magnitude and uncertainty of surface boundary conditions and permafrost occurrence at a hypothetical Shield repository site. These predictive estimates of boreal, peri-glacial and ice-sheet history are offering an innovative and reasoned basis to explore flow system characteristics and attributes that govern hydrodynamic and geochemical stability within deep-seated Shield flow domains. (author)

The Mediterranean storms play an important role in weather and climate. Their influence in determining the local weather is known; heavy precipitation systems and strong wind cases are often related to the presence of a cyclone in the Mediterranean. From a large-scale point of view, the Mediterranean storm track has importance in the vertical and horizontal transfers of heat and water vapour towards the Eastern regions. For all of these reasons, any future change related to the intensity, frequency or tracks of these storms can be important for both the local weather and local climate, at least, in the countries around the basin. The Mediterranean cyclones constitute a study subject of increasing interest. Some climatologies from long series of re-analyses, like ERA15, NCEP/NCAR and ERA40, or from operational and high resolution analysis systems, like HIRLAM_INM and ECMWF, have allowed to define the main characteristics of these storms. Generally speaking, the Mediterranean storms have the characteristics of extratropical storms, showing smaller sizes and shorter life cycles than those ones developed in other maritime areas of the world. Moreover, the influence of the land areas and high mountains around the basin and the large-scale heat releases have been revealed as key factors for understanding their genesis and rates of development. In spite of the fact that probably the existing automatic procedures include some large scale assumptions, which may not the best for the correct detection and tracking the Mediterranean storms, these procedures can provide a first and almost necessary step, from a statistical/climatological point of view, specially taking into account both the current resolution of the existent global re-analysis series and global climatic models and the state-of-the art about Mediterranean cyclones. A cyclone detection and tracking procedure, originally designed for the description of Mediterranean storms, has been applied to the low resolution (1.5 degrees lat-lon) outputs of the JMA-GSM climate general circulation model. Preliminary results are here presented. Two different periods have been analysed. The first period, covering 1979-2002 has been compared with the previously computed ERA-40 climatology of cyclones. Results agree reasonably well with those obtained from ERA-40, providing confidence to the current climate simulation of JMA-GSM. Once validated the model from the perspective of cyclonic climatology under current climate conditions, the same procedure is applied to a scenario period (2075-2099) to investigate possible changes in cyclonic activity linked to climate change.

It has been reported that GSM electromagnetic fields (GSM-EMFs) of mobile phones modulate - after a prolonged exposure - inter-hemispheric synchronization of temporal and frontal resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in normal young and elderly subjects (Vecchio et al., 2007, 2010). Here we tested the hypothesis that this can be even more evident in epileptic patients, who typically suffer from abnormal mechanisms governing synchronization of rhythmic firing of cortical neurons. Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in ten patients affected by focal epilepsy in real and sham exposure conditions. These data were compared with those obtained from 15 age-matched normal subjects of the previous reference studies. The GSM device was turned on (45 min) in the "GSM" condition and was turned off (45 min) in the other condition ("sham"). The mobile phone was always positioned on the left side in both patients and control subjects. Spectral coherence evaluated the inter-hemispheric synchronization of EEG rhythms at the following frequency bands: delta (about 2-4 Hz), theta (about 4-6 Hz), alpha1 (about 6-8 Hz), alpha2 (about 8-10 Hz), and alpha3 (about 10-12 Hz). The effects on the patients were investigated comparing the inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in the epileptic patients with the control group of subjects evaluated in the previous reference studies. Compared with the control subjects, epileptic patients showed a statistically significant higher inter-hemispheric coherence of temporal and frontal alpha rhythms (about 8-12 Hz) in the GSM than "Sham" condition. These results suggest that GSM-EMFs of mobile phone may affect inter-hemispheric synchronization of the dominant (alpha) EEG rhythms in epileptic patients. If confirmed by future studies on a larger group of epilepsy patients, the modulation of the inter-hemispheric alpha coherence due to the GSM-EMFs could have clinical implications and be related to changes in cognitive-motor function. PMID:22326594

We evaluated an electronic reminder device for detecting non-adherence in elderly patients with complex medication regimens. Randomly selected, home-living elderly patients were studied. The patients were aged over 65 years and were taking more than four drugs. Patients received an electronic reminder device which contained a GSM communications module. They were visited three times over a one-year period by a nurse who counted their medicine supply. We compared the adherence measured by the electronic device with the actual adherence measured by the pill count. Almost half of the 315 patients dropped out of the study for various reasons, so the calculations were performed on 168 patients. The adherence measured by the electronic reminder system was 79% and was 92% measured by pill count (P<0.0001). The limits of agreement estimated by a Bland-Altman analysis were -57 to +30. We also compared electronically measured adherence at morning/evening intake times with pill count adherence in the morning/evening only. For the pill count, there was almost no difference between morning and evening adherence rates (93%). For electronic measurement, adherence rates were lower in the evening (75%) than in the morning (81%). Electronic reminders were less reliable than the pill count in measuring adherence. However, the electronic system may be a useful supplement to other, more time consuming methods for measuring adherence. PMID:22912488

The Multi-Stage Nested Wiener Filter (MSNWF) and the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method yield the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation in the Krylov subspace of the covariance matrix of the observation and the crosscorrelation vector between the observation and the desired signal. Using the Lanczos algorithm instead of the Arnoldi algorithm for the MSNWF simplifies the computation of the Krylov subspace basis. In this paper, we show the relationship between the CG method and the Lanczos based MSNWF and finally derive that the MSNWF may be mathematically transformed into the CG algorithm. Consequently, we present a new implementation of the MSNWF where the weight vector and the Mean Square Error (MSE) is directly updated as each new stage is added. The new algorithm is applied to an Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) system where it linearily equalizes the received signal. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the MSNWF to reduce the receiver complexity while maintaining the same level of system performance.

A high resolution sub-regional scale (84 km2) density-dependent, fracture zone network groundwater flow model with hydromechanical coupling and pseudo-permafrost, was developed from a larger 5734 km2 regional scale groundwater flow model of a Canadian Shield setting in fractured crystalline rock. The objective of the work is to illustrate aspects of regional and sub-regional groundwater flow that are relevant to the long-term performance of a hypothetical nuclear fuel repository. The discrete fracture dual continuum numerical model FRAC3DVS-OPG was used for all simulations. A discrete fracture zone network model delineated from surface features was superimposed onto an 789887 element flow domain mesh. Orthogonal fracture faces (between adjacent finite element grid blocks) were used to best represent the irregular discrete fracture zone network. The crystalline rock between these structural discontinuities was assigned properties characteristic of those reported for the Canadian Shield at the Underground Research Laboratory at Pinawa, Manitoba. Interconnectivity of permeable fracture features is an important pathway for the possibly relatively rapid migration of average water particles and subsequent reduction in residence times. The multiple 121000 year North American continental scale paleoclimate simulations are provided by W.R. Peltier using the University of Toronto Glacial Systems Model (UofT GSM). Values of ice sheet normal stress, and proglacial lake depth from the UofT GSM are applied to the sub-regional model as surface boundary conditions, using a freshwater head equivalent to the normal stress imposed by the ice sheet at its base. Permafrost depth is applied as a permeability reduction to both three-dimensional grid blocks and fractures that lie within the time varying permafrost zone. Two different paleoclimate simulations are applied to the sub-regional model to investigate the effect on the depth of glacial meltwater migration into the subsurface. In addition, different conceptualizations of fracture permeability with depth, and various hydromechanical loading efficiencies are used to investigate glacial meltwater penetration. The importance of density dependent flow, due to pore waters deep in the Canadian Shield with densities of up to 1200 kg/m3 and total dissolved solids concentrations in excess of 300 g/L, is also illustrated. Performance measures used in the assessment include depth of glacial meltwater penetration using a tracer, and mean life expectancy. Consistent with the findings from isotope and geochemical assessments, the analyses support the conclusion that for the discrete fracture zone and matrix properties simulated in this study, glacial meltwaters would not likely impact a deep geologic repository in a crystalline rock setting.

...Operations and Payment Systems. For users of...SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background...institutions' intraday account balances according...earlier. The Account Balance Monitoring System provides intraday account information to the...

Recent years are seeing an increasing need for on-line monitoring of teams of cooperating agents, e.g., for visualization, or performance tracking. However, in monitoring deployed teams, we often cannot rely on the agents to always communicate their state to the monitoring system. This paper presents a non-intrusive approach to monitoring by 'overhearing', where the monitored team's state is inferred (via plan-recognition) from team-members' routine communications, exchanged as part of their coordinated task execution, and observed (overheard) by the monitoring system. Key challenges in this approach include the demanding run-time requirements of monitoring, the scarceness of observations (increasing monitoring uncertainty), and the need to scale-up monitoring to address potentially large teams. To address these, we present a set of complementary novel techniques, exploiting knowledge of the social structures and procedures in the monitored team: (i) an efficient probabilistic plan-recognition algorithm, well...

This paper focuses on a flexible, integrated demonstration of a monitoring approach for nuclear material monitoring. This includes aspects of item signature identification, perimeter portal monitoring, advanced data analysis, and communication as a part of an unattended continuous monitoring system in an operating nuclear facility. Advanced analysis is applied to the integrated nondestructive assay and containment and surveillance data that are synchronized in time. End result will be the foundation for a cost-effective monitoring system that could provide the necessary transparency even in areas that are denied to foreign nationals of both US and Russia should these processes and materials come under full-scope safeguards or bilateral agreements. Monitoring systems of this kind have the potential to provide additional benefits including improved nuclear facility security and safeguards and lower personnel radiation exposures. Demonstration facilities in this paper include VTRAP-prototype, Los Alamos Critical Assemblies Facility, Kazakhstan BM-350 Reactor monitor, DUPIC radiation monitoring, and JOYO and MONJU radiation monitoring.

The use of a monitoring system, designed to monitor the condition of hydroelectric plants from the vibrational, mechanical and magnetic characteristics under different operating conditions, is considered. The results of a comparative analysis of similar and different types of plants, obtained using the ?ALMAZ-7010-G?S? steady monitoring and diagnostics system and new sensors developed by the ?DIAMECH 2000? Company, are presented.

This report responds to the Department of Energy`s request that Sandia National Laboratories compare existing technologies against several advanced technologies as they apply to DOE needs to monitor the movement of material, weapons, or personnel for safety and security programs. The authors describe several material control systems, discuss their technologies, suggest possible applications, discuss assets and limitations, and project costs for each system. The following systems are described: WATCH system (Wireless Alarm Transmission of Container Handling); Tag system (an electrostatic proximity sensor); PANTRAK system (Personnel And Material Tracking); VRIS (Vault Remote Inventory System); VSIS (Vault Safety and Inventory System); AIMS (Authenticated Item Monitoring System); EIVS (Experimental Inventory Verification System); Metrox system (canister monitoring system); TCATS (Target Cueing And Tracking System); LGVSS (Light Grid Vault Surveillance System); CSS (Container Safeguards System); SAMMS (Security Alarm and Material Monitoring System); FOIDS (Fiber Optic Intelligence & Detection System); GRADS (Graded Radiation Detection System); and PINPAL (Physical Inventory Pallet).

The various roles which instrumentation/monitoring systems play in risk reduction, decision support, forensic engineering and enhancement of the engineering design tools are discussed. The environment and response monitoring systems on three recent Tension Leg Platforms are described. Emphasis is placed on tendon tension measuring systems. A discussion of alternate approaches to the measurement of tendon tension is offered. Suggestions for improved instrumentation are made and methods for efficiently mating performance and environment monitoring systems with the platforms` SCADA Systems are discussed.

The Laacher See Volcano (LSV) is part of the Quaternary East-Eifel volcanic field (EVF) located in the western part of Germany, where at least 103 eruptive centers have been identified. The Laacher See volcano explosively erupted about 6.3 km3 of phonolitic magma during a dominantly phreato-plinian eruption at about 12,900 BP. Despite numerous previous studies the eruptive history of LSV is not fully unveiled. For a better understanding of the eruptive history of LSV several geophysical methods, including magnetic, gravimetric and bathymetric surveys have been applied on and around Laacher See Volcano. Here we focus on the magnetic and bathymetric data. The presented high resolution magnetic data covering an area of about 25 km2 (20,000 sample points) and were collected using ground based proton magnetometers (GEM Systems GSM-19TGW, Geometrics G856) during several field campaigns. In addition, a magnetic survey on the lake was done using a non-magnetic boat as platform. The bathymetric survey was conducted on profiles (total length of 235 km) using an echo sounder GARMIN GPSMap 421. Depth data were computed to a bathymetric model on a 10 m spaced regular grid. A joint interpretation of magnetic, morphologic and bathymetric data allows us to search for common patterns which can be associated with typical volcanic features. From our data at least one new eruptive center and lava flow could be identified. Furthermore, the new data suggest that previously identified lava flows have not been accurately located.

Distributed base station architectures represent the new trend that operators follow in order to resolve cost, performance and efficiency challenges when deploying 4G networks. Main components of such architectures are multimode radios capable of operating according to GSM, HSPA, WiMAX and LTE standards, known as remote radio heads (RRH). The key feature of remote radio heads is the extended software configurability which enables the deployment of more flexible and energy-efficient radio solutions. This paper describes a modern multi-mode radio system reference architecture and the major digital building blocks that when combined together enable multi-mode and more power efficient operation. It concentrates on blocks which can efficiently run multi-rate digital signal processing and blocks that increase radio power efficiency by linearizing the power amplifier output stage. The importance of a digital predistortion (DPD) block is emphasized and an adaptive polynomial approach based on cartesian to polar conversion is then proposed. Such radio architecture has successfully been implemented on a low-cost FPGA family meeting the WiMAX/LTE spectrum and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) requirements.

We investigated the effect of mobile phone use on the auditory sensory memory in children. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), P1, N2, mismatch negativity (MMN), and P3a, were recorded from 17 children, aged 11-12 years, in the recently developed multi-feature paradigm. This paradigm allows one to determine the neural change-detection profile consisting of several different types of acoustic changes. During the recording, an ordinary GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone emitting 902 MHz (pulsed at 217 Hz) electromagnetic field (EMF) was placed on the ear, over the left or right temporal area (SAR(1g) = 1.14 W/kg, SAR(10g) = 0.82 W/kg, peak value = 1.21 W/kg). The EMF was either on or off in a single-blind manner. We found that a short exposure (two 6 min blocks for each side) to mobile phone EMF has no statistically significant effects on the neural change-detection profile measured with the MMN. Furthermore, the multi-feature paradigm was shown to be well suited for studies of perception accuracy and sensory memory in children. However, it should be noted that the present study only had sufficient statistical power to detect a large effect size.

By composing interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors consisting of films made of a heavy metal such as Au, Ta or W on an ST cut 90ºX propagation (direction perpendicular to X-axis) quartz substrate, the authors realized a new type of shear horizontal (SH) wave. This wave has an excellent temperature characteristic, a large electromechanical coupling factor (k), and a large reflection coefficient at reflector electrodes. The square of this electromechanical coupling factor (k2 = 0.28 ? 0.34%) and the reflection coefficient at reflector electrodes are 2.2 ? 2.6 times and 30 ? 35 times, respectively, as large as those of a Rayleigh wave on an ST cut X propagation quartz substrate. The authors applied this technology to filters for the first intermediate frequency (first IF) stage of a global system for mobile communications (GSM) in the nominal center frequency from 200 to 400 MHz. As a result, we succeeded in developing the first IF filter having a low insertion loss, an excellent temperature characteristic (frequency shift: 1 ppm/ºC) and a small package size (3 × 3 mm2), which is as small as a radio frequency (RF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter, for the first time.   

Metallic materials are well known to strongly interact with electromagnetic fields. While biological effects of such field have been extensively studied, only few works dealt with the interactions of electromagnetic waves with passive metallic device implanted in biological system. Hence only several numerical and phantom simulation studies were focusing on this aspect, whereas no in situ anatomic experiment has been previously performed. In this study the effect of electromagnetic waves on eight different orthopaedic medical devices (six plates from 55 to 318mm length, a total knee and a total hip prosthesis) were explored on six human cadavers. To mimic a random environmental exposure resulting from the most common frequencies band used in domestic environment and medical applications (TV and radio broadcasting, cell phone communication, MRI, diathermy treatment), a multifrequency generator emitting in VHF, UHF, GSM and GCS frequency bands was used. The different medical devices were exposed to an electromagnetic field at 50W/m(2) and 100W/m(2). After 6min exposure, the temperature was measured on three points close to each medical device, and the induced currents were estimated. No significant temperature increase (<0.2°C) was finally detected; beside, a slight induced tension (up to 1.1V) was recorded but would appear too low to induce any biological side effect. PMID:22284603