Naphthalene: Drinking water health advisory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1990-03-01

The Drinking Water Health Advisory, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has issued its report on the chemical, naphthalene. Naphthalene is used in the manufacture of phthalic and anthranilic acids and other derivatives, and in making dyes; in the manufacture of resins, celluloid, lampblack and smokeless gunpowder; and as moth repellant, insecticide, anthelmintic, vermicide, and intestinal antiseptic. The report covers the following areas: the occurrence of the chemical in the environment; its environmental fate; the chemical's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the human body; and its health effects on humans and animals, including its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity characteristics. Also included is the quantification of its toxicological effects.

Forensic characterization of camcorded movies: digital cinema vs. celluloid film prints

Science.gov (United States)

Rolland-Nevière, Xavier; Chupeau, Bertrand; Do"rr, Gwena"l.; Blondé, Laurent

2012-03-01

Digital camcording in the premises of cinema theaters is the main source of pirate copies of newly released movies. To trace such recordings, watermarking systems are exploited in order for each projection to be unique and thus identifiable. The forensic analysis to recover these marks is different for digital and legacy cinemas. To avoid running both detectors, a reliable oracle discriminating between cams originating from analog or digital projections is required. This article details a classification framework relying on three complementary features : the spatial uniformity of the screen illumination, the vertical (in)stability of the projected image, and the luminance artifacts due to the interplay between the display and acquisition devices. The system has been tuned with cams captured in a controlled environment and benchmarked against a medium-sized dataset (61 samples) composed of real-life pirate cams. Reported experimental results demonstrate that such a framework yields over 80% classification accuracy.

Celluloid devils: a research study of male nurses in feature films.

Science.gov (United States)

Stanley, David

2012-11-01

To report a study of how male nurses are portrayed in feature films. It was hypothesized that male nurses are frequently portrayed negatively or stereotypically in the film media, potentially having a negative impact on male nurse recruitment and the public's perception of male nurses. An interpretive, qualitative methodology guided by insights into hegemonic masculinity and structured around a set of collective case studies (films) was used to examine the portrayal of male nurses in feature films made in the Western world from 1900 to 2007. Over 36,000 feature film synopses were reviewed (via CINAHL, ProQuest and relevant movie-specific literature) for the keyword 'nurse' and 'nursing' with an additional search for films from 1900 to 2010 for the word 'male nurse'. Identified films were labelled as 'cases' and analysed collectively to determine key attributes related to men in nursing and explore them for the emergence of concepts and themes related to the image of male nurses in films. A total of 13 relevant cases (feature films) were identified with 12 being made in the USA. Most films portrayed male nurses negatively and in ways opposed to hegemonic masculinity, as effeminate, homosexual, homicidal, corrupt or incompetent. Few film images of male nurses show them in traditional masculine roles or as clinically competent or self-confident professionals.   Feature films predominantly portray male nurses negatively. Given the popularity of feature films, there may be negative effects on recruitment and on the public's perception of male nurses. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Attrattività delle città di celluloide. A Venezia tra cinema "avventura" e turismo / Attractiveness of the celluloid cities. In Venice between “adventure” cinema and tourism

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Donatella Privitera

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Molte destinazioni hanno basato la loro strategia di promozione affidandosi ai prodotti multimediali, considerando i vantaggi legati alla potenza incisiva del cinema. Il cinema conserva un ruolo privilegiato grazie alla sua capacità di suggestione. Lo scopo dello studio è di migliorare la comprensione del cineturismo in location in film noti e di avventura. Quali sono le immagini che i turisti hanno di Venezia visionando i film di James Bond? Le interviste sono state condotte con un gruppo di studenti che hanno visto la pellicola Casino Royale. I risultati mostrano che Venezia nel mondo di Bond contiene elementi attrattivi ma rimane piuttosto in secondo piano.   Film and Tourism share a close relationship. The aim of the study is to improve understanding of film induced tourism on locations featured in popular films. The present research used the case of James Bond film to explore this issue about Venice. Interviews were conducted with students who have seen Casino Royale movie. These interviews indicate that Venice, into the world of Bond contains elements attractive but it remains of little importance compared to Bond.

A Simplified Technique for Orientation of a Bone Anchored Auricular Prostheses: a Clinical Report

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Hussein G. El Charkawi

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Background: A simple technique was presented in this clinical report for orientation of a bone anchored auricular prosthesis.Methods: The proposed technique includes drawing the intact ear on a transparent celluloid paper or radiographic film and flipping it to the opposite side and relating it to the fixed anatomical features on the face of patient.Results: The drawing, by this way provides a simple and easy way to duplicate and transfer the exact size and position of the intact ear to the defect side.Conclusions: This technique provides a simple, safe, inexpensive and time saving yet, an accurate and effective surgical template that orients the craniofacial implants to the confines of the definitive auricular prosthesis. It is indicated for restoration of single missing external ear either in aplasia, injuries and total resection.

Childhood cancer in the cinema: how the celluloid mirror reflects psychosocial care.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavisic, Jovana; Chilton, Julie; Walter, Garry; Soh, Nerissa L; Martin, Andrés

2014-08-01

This study aims to evaluate the childhood cancer experience in commercially produced, readily available films that include a character with childhood cancer, with a particular focus on psychosocial care. We reviewed 29 films, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, to identify the medical and psychosocial characteristics of the cinematic childhood cancer experience. We rated psychosocial support on a 5-point scale (0 to 4) based on the availability and efficacy of support characters in the categories of nonprofessional internal (eg, parent), nonprofessional external (eg, friend), professional medical (eg, oncologist), and professional psychosocial (eg, social worker) supports. Film depicts an unrealistic, bleak picture of childhood cancer, with a 66% mortality rate among the 35 characters evaluated. Psychosocial supports portrayed in film are generally limited to resources already available to families before the cancer diagnosis: mean ratings across films were 2.4 for both nonprofessional, 1.6 for professional medical, and 0.3 for professional psychosocial supports (Kruskal-Wallis χ3=43.1051, Plandscape. Film generally depicts images of an isolated family courageously battling cancer alone with limited support from a treatment team solely dedicated to medical care. Commercially available films minimize the importance of the psychosocial dimension of care, which can perpetuate stigma around psychosocial needs and interventions. These films can be used to encourage discussion about how to optimize psychosocial care in pediatric oncology so that such care is not abandoned in actual practice as it is, for entertainment purposes, on the screen.

Celluloid angels: a research study of nurses in feature films 1900-2007.

Science.gov (United States)

Stanley, David J

2008-10-01

This paper is a report of a study examining the influence on how nursing and nurses are portrayed in feature films made between 1900 and 2007, with a nurse as their main or a principle character and a story-line related specifically to nursing. Nurses and the nursing profession are frequently portrayed negatively or stereotypically in the media, with nurses often being portrayed as feminine and caring but not as leaders or professionals capable of autonomous practice. A mixed method approach was used to examine feature films made in the Western world. Over 36,000 feature film synopses were reviewed (via CINAHL, ProQuest and relevant movie-specific literature) for the keywords 'nurse'/'nursing'. Identified films were analysed quantitatively to determine their country of production, genre, plot(s) and other relevant data, and qualitatively to identify the emergence of themes related to the image of nurses/nursing in films. For the period from 1900 to 2007, 280 relevant feature films were identified. Most films were made in the United States of America or United Kingdom, although in recent years films have been increasingly produced in other countries. Early films portrayed nurses as self-sacrificial heroines, sex objects and romantics. More recent films increasingly portray them as strong and self-confident, professionals. Nurse-related films offer a unique insight into the image of nurses and how they have been portrayed. Nurses need to be aware of the impact the film industry has on how nurses and nursing are perceived and represented in feature films.

Fortschritt als Fraktur im frühen Science Fiction Film. Metaphorologische Überlegungen zu Auf- und Einbrüchen in LE VOYAGE DANS LA LUNE und LE VOYAGE À TRAVERS L`IMPOSSIBLE von G. Méliès

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Hartmann, Jörg

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Fantasies of man travelling into space form a main part of the popular movie genre ‘Science Fiction’. These celluloid visions are not only fantasies of improving transport, they also convey a meaning in a figurative sense. They can be seen as a modern adoption of one of humanities oldest metaphors, ‘life as a sea fare voyage’: the meaning, which was once expressed by this ‘nautical metaphor’, has been transferred and can nowadays be found in films, which show astro-nauts crossing the frontier from known space into the unknown space. In order to conclude on their attitude towards technological progress in the early 20th century, the two oldest space travel movies, Le Voyage dans la Lune (F 1902 and Le Voyage a Travers L’Impossible (F 1904 will be analyzed.

Optical characteristics of the thin-film scintillator detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muga, L.; Burnsed, D.

1976-01-01

A study of the thin-film detector (TFD) was made in which various light guide and scintillator film support configurations were tested for efficiency of light coupling. Masking of selected portions of the photomultiplier (PM) tube face revealed the extent to which emitted light was received at the exposed PM surfaces. By blocking off selected areas of the scintillator film surface from direct view of the PM tube faces, a measure of the light-guiding efficiency of the film and its support could be estimated. The picture that emerges is that, as the light which is initially trapped in the thin film spreads radially outward from the ion entrance/exit point, it is scattered out of the film by minute imperfections. Optimum signals were obtained by a configuration in which the thin scintillator film was supported on a thin rectangular Celluloid frame inserted within a highly polished metal cylindrical sleeve

The Celluloid Ceiling: Women Academics, Social Expectations, and Narrative in 1940s American Film

Science.gov (United States)

Reynolds, Pauline J.

2009-01-01

This paper examines the portrayal of women university academics in American films from the 1940s. It applies analytical tools from a critical methodology to access the socio-cultural ideas and values attributed to the female professoriate during what is a period of great change for women in American society. This analysis reveals that the values…

Dvds, video games, and the cinema of interactions Dvds, video games, and the cinema of interactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard Grusin

2008-04-01

Full Text Available The “cinema of interactions” in the title of my paper alludes to Tom Gunning’s paradigmatic conception of early cinema as a “cinema of attractions.” Borrowing from the idea that electronic textuality marks what has been called the late age of print, I argue that the history of cinema up to the present moment can be seen as an extension of early cinema. In describing the current cinematic moment in this fashion, I do not mean to suggest that film will disappear in the face of video games and other digital media, but rather that it will continue increasingly to be engaged with the social, technological, and aesthetic forms and practices of digital media. This engagement will not be marked (as many digital enthusiasts contend by the emergence of a distinctively new digital medium (and the concomitant abandonment of the technologically outmoded medium of celluloid film, but rather by the emergence of multiply networked, distributed forms of cinematic production and exhibition. Indeed I am convinced that in this sense we already find ourselves with a digital cinema—not as a distinctively new medium but as a hybrid network of media forms and practices. The “cinema of interactions” in the title of my paper alludes to Tom Gunning’s paradigmatic conception of early cinema as a “cinema of attractions.” Borrowing from the idea that electronic textuality marks what has been called the late age of print, I argue that the history of cinema up to the present moment can be seen as an extension of early cinema. In describing the current cinematic moment in this fashion, I do not mean to suggest that film will disappear in the face of video games and other digital media, but rather that it will continue increasingly to be engaged with the social, technological, and aesthetic forms and practices of digital media. This engagement will not be marked (as many digital enthusiasts contend by the emergence of a distinctively new digital medium

Indexicality or Technological Intermediate? Moving Image Representation, Materiality, and the Real

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verdon James

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Drawing on the application of C. S. Peirce’s notion of indexicality, this paper argues that iterative imaging technologies modulate the manner in which moving images represent reality and determine how they are traced back to that referent. Rather than subscribing to the canonical divergence between analogue and digital technologies, the paper argues that current moving image theories do not sufficiently acknowledge the granularity of technology when describing indexical relationships between moving images and the reality they represent. Despite a shared use of analogue technologies, film’s technique of fixing a full frame of movement to a momentarily static strip of light-sensitive celluloid or Mylar is profoundly different from analogue video’s parsing of the image frame to its constituent parts and then recording this signal to continuously moving tape or broadcasting the resulting images. These are particularities of technique and technology, not easily ranked in terms of verisimilitude. The paper concludes that despite a widely accepted indexical analogue/digital divide, the indexical status of analogue video is no different to that of digital video images because both consist of discrete and non-continuous picture elements.

Dvds, video games, and the cinema of interactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard Grusin

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The “cinema of interactions” in the title of my paper alludes to Tom Gunning’s paradigmatic conception of early cinema as a “cinema of attractions.” Borrowing from the idea that electronic textuality marks what has been called the late age of print, I argue that the history of cinema up to the present moment can be seen as an extension of early cinema. In describing the current cinematic moment in this fashion, I do not mean to suggest that film will disappear in the face of video games and other digital media, but rather that it will continue increasingly to be engaged with the social, technological, and aesthetic forms and practices of digital media. This engagement will not be marked (as many digital enthusiasts contend by the emergence of a distinctively new digital medium (and the concomitant abandonment of the technologically outmoded medium of celluloid film, but rather by the emergence of multiply networked, distributed forms of cinematic production and exhibition. Indeed I am convinced that in this sense we already find ourselves with a digital cinema—not as a distinctively new medium but as a hybrid network of media forms and practices.

Industria cinematografica e turismo nell’immaginario collettivo: Los Angeles tra mito e creatività / Film industry and tourism in collective imagination: Los Angeles between myth and creativity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franca Miani

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Obiettivo del contributo è quello di proporre alcuni spunti di riflessione sul caso della città di celluloide più nota al mondo: Los Angeles. Più in particolare s’intende analizzare la stretta relazione che intercorre tra l’attrattività turistica della metropoli e l’industria cinematografica.  Come ben noto, Los Angeles continua da quasi un secolo a suggestionare l’immaginario collettivo in quanto mecca del cinema e patria di Hollywood, l’industria che ha creato il sogno americano. Tuttavia LA, oggi, è anche una delle prime dieci città mondiali. Rappresenta l’esempio di come l’industria creativa (e il cinema è creatività per definizione sia riuscita a realizzare un sistema economico e d’innovazione tecnologica che funziona come polo di attrazione sia per tutti coloro che intendono sviluppare nuove attività, non possibili in altre parti del mondo, sia per visitatori e turisti attirati da un insieme di fattori emozionali legati alla notorietà dei luoghi del sistema cinematografico e dello spettacolo. Sulla base dell’analisi della letteratura e facendo seguito a esperienze di studio sul campo, il contributo vuole evidenziare la stretta connessione costruita nel corso di più di un secolo tra Hollywood, il luogo, e Hollywood, l’industria, per dimostrare come il luogo di produzione rappresenti una componente unica del prodotto finale, un’autenticazione di qualità soggettive e simboliche in grado di amplificare il valore economico intrinseco e di provocare un’attrazione crescente di attività e persone verso l’area metropolitana di Los Angeles.   This paper discusses Los Angeles as the best-known celluloid city in the world, and focuses particularly on the close relationship between its attractiveness for tourists and the film industry. For almost a century Los Angeles has exerted influence over the collective imagination as the mecca of cinema and home of Hollywood, the industry that created the American dream

A School on Celluloid. The Films of Emilio "Indio'' Femández or the Obsession for Education

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Julia Tuñón Pablos

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Emilio "Indio" Fernández is the film director who has best expressed the ideas of nationalism, and who proposed, during the forties and fifties and  through cinematographic images, a project of nation where education was the key element. The influence of the 20's and 30's educators, specially that of José Vas­ concelos, is clearly felt in his movies. By reviewing some of his films, this work analyzes "el Indio's" educational proposals and his ways of expressing them on cellu­loid. His films help to understand the cultural symbols and ideas about nationalism and education during the first half of the twentieth century.

Energy reduction of building air-conditioner with phase change material in Thailand

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Nattaporn Chaiyat

2014-11-01

Full Text Available In this study, a concept of using phase change material (PCM for improving cooling efficiency of an air-conditioner had been presented under Thai climate. Paraffin waxes melting point at around 20 °C was selected to evaluate the thermal performance by reducing the air temperature entering the evaporating coil. The model of PCM celluloid balls had been performed with the air-conditioner. Moreover, the mathematical model of the air-conditioner with the PCM storage was developed and verified with the testing results. From the study results, it could be seen that the simulated data agreed quite well with the experimental result at the discrepant around 2–4%. Finally, the model was used to analyze the economic result which was found that the electrical consumption of the modified air-conditioner could be decreased 3.09 kW h/d. The electrical power consumption of the modified unit was 36.27 kW h/d at the operating time 15 h/d compared with 39.36 kW h/d of the normal unit at the operating time 12 h/d. The saving cost of the PCM bed could be 9.10% or 170.03 USD and the payback period was 4.15 y.

Sexualities and Public Space in Greece: a Celluloid Quest. DOI: 10.5212/Rlagg.v.5.i2.0007

OpenAIRE

Kallitsis, Phevos; National Technical University of Athens

2014-01-01

Greece is a country that considers itself to be part of the Western civilization, though still a lot oriental elements exist in its culture and way of thinking. LGBT people are considered to be either invisible or pointed out as metaphorical or literal punch bag. So it was a surprise that a year after the first Athens Gay Pride (2005), two greek movies appeared with homosexuality as their central theme. The first one “The Blue Dress”, a drama about the journey of a young boy till he turns int...

The hologram as a space of illusion

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Rosa M.

2013-03-01

One of the most interesting aspects of art holography is the study of 3D holographic image. Over the centuries, artists have chased the best way to represent the third dimension as similar to reality as possible. Several steps have been given in this direction, first using perspective, then photography, and later with movies, but all of these representations of reality wouldn't reach the complete objective. The realism of a 3D representation on a 2D support (paper, canvas, celluloid) is completely overcome by holography. In spite of the fact that the holographic plate or film is also a 2D support, the holographic image is a recording of all the information of the object contained in light. Our perception doesn't need to translate the object as real. It is real. Though immaterial, the holographic image is real because it exists in light. The same parallax, the same shape. The representation is no more an imitation of reality but a replacement of the real object or scene. The space where it exists is a space of illusion and multiple objects can occupy the same place in the hologram, depending on the viewer's time and place. This introduces the fourth dimension in the hologram: time, as well as the apparent conflict between the presence and the absence of images, which is just possible in holography.

Oral rehabilitation of primary dentition affected by amelogenesis imperfecta: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

de Souza-e-Silva, Cíntia Maria; Parisotto, Thaís Manzano; Steiner-Oliveira, Carolina; Gavião, Maria Beatriz Duarte; Nobre-Dos-Santos, Marinês

2010-05-01

The purpose of the case report was to describe the treatment of a 4(1/2)-year-old boy with amelogenesis imperfect (AI) in the primary dentition. AI is a hereditary condition that affects the development of enamel, causing quantity, structural, and compositional anomalies involving all dentitions. Consequently, the effects can extend to both the primary and secondary dentitions. A 4(1/2)-year-old boy was brought to the dental clinic complaining of tooth hypersensitivity during meals. The medical history and clinical examination were used to arrive at the diagnosis of amelogenesis imperfecta. The treatment was oral rehabilitation of the primary molars with stainless steel crowns and resin-filled celluloid forms of both maxillary and mandibular primary incisors and canines. Improvements in the patient's psychological behavior and the elimination of tooth sensitiveness were observed, and the reestablishment of a normal occlusion resulted in improved eating habits. The child was monitored in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at four-month intervals until the mixed dentition stage. The oral rehabilitation of young children with AI is necessary to reestablish the stomatognathic system function, so important for a child's systemic health. An adequate medical history and a careful clinical examination were essential for a correct diagnosis. Treatment was rendered that was appropriate for the child's age and clinical/psychological characteristics. Cost-effective restorative techniques involving stainless steel and composite-resin crowns are shown for the restoration of a young patient with amelogensis imperfecta.

Silent Majority, Violent Majority: The Counter-Revolution in 70s Cinema

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Peter Andrew Novick

2012-12-01

Full Text Available «There is one question, Inspector Callahan: Why do they call you ‘Dirty Harry’?» Harry, it is explained, «…Hates everybody: Limeys, Micks, Hebes, Fat Degos, Niggers, Honkies, Chinks…especially Spics». Don Siegel’s Dirty Harry (1971, famously labeled «fascist» by prominent film critic Pauline Kael, nonetheless represented something new and unique—the “Silent Majority’s” entry into liberal New Hollywood, a veritable counter-reformation to the new social movements having sprung up in the late Sixties and early Seventies. Far from the traditional American Right, however, and distinctly un-Fascist (in as much as the term means more than a simple epithet, these films acted to unite traditional European philosophy and revolutionary thought with organic conservative American tendencies, resulting in hybrid films which challenged the new social movements, while working within the medium of liberal New American Cinema. The article will address three themes from the era: violence and race in the city, revenge against “liberated women”, and fear and loathing of homosexuality. In each instance, using primary evidence from films and critical reviews from the Seventies and the present era, in addition to American and European theorists, the article will show how the counter-revolution in Seventies cinema failed to expunge the “revolutionary spirit” of the era. Rather, the Silent Majority’s visions of visual violence and reactionary values became part and parcel of the new liberated culture of the “Me Decade,” forever bounding the conservative celluloid revolt to the new cinematic culture.

Tadeusz Kantor i iluzja powtórzenia

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Piotr Dobrowolski

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with a category of repetition. This category is used as an artistic technique by Tadeusz Kantor in his unique theatre performances. The author analyzes an aesthetics' agenda of its practical use. The category is shown in a philosophical perspective of Soren Kierkegaard's, Cilles Deleuze's and Henri Bergson's writings. Cricot 2 theatre late performances (called Theatre of the Memory were repeating Kantor's personal past and his family's history by re-playing it onstage. An artistic attempt was about to form actors' gestures and activities in a shape of one's memories. A problem, that a director had to deal with was connected with a deformation and a blur of remembered pictures. Each one of these faint pictures was under an influence of passing time and experiences that came with it. Another kind of distortion was made by actors, that were unable to embody the people from the past. Kantor's artistic imagination could make a single picture that was taken from the past (e.g. as a photograph alive. Memory of the artist, prompted by a prosthetic celluloid device was reawakening to alternative existences of the people that have passed by. Theatre inspired the repetition that introduced a difference to an original. Continuation of one's life that was retaken leads to a development of a repeated gesture and an object that opens a new field of its meaning. Infinite repetition approaches its infinite forms to an idealistic idea of a subject, a gesture, an activity.

Technology and the use of acrylics for provisional dentine protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapusevska, Biljana; Dereban, Nikola; Popovska, Mirjana; Nikolovska, Julijana; Radojkova Nikolovska, Vеrа; Zabokova Bilbilova, Efka; Mijoska, Aneta

2013-01-01

Acrylics are compounds polymerized from monomers of acrylic, metacrylic acid or acrylonitrates. The purpose of this paper is to present the technology and use of acrylics for provisional dentine protection in the practice of dental prosthodontics. For this reason, we followed 120 clinical cases from the everyday clinical practice, divided into 4 groups of 30 patients who needed prosthetic reconstruction. The first group included cases in which we applied celluloid crowns for dentine protection, for the second group we used acrylic teeth from a set of teeth for complete dentures; in the third and fourth groups the fabrication was done with the system of an impression matrix and the acrylic resin block technique respectively. In all the examined patients, the gingival index by Silness and Loe and the vitality of the dental pulp were verified clinically, after preparation and 8 days from the placement of the provisional crown. The value for dental sensitivity measured after preparation was 2.59, and 8 days after the placement of the provisional crown it bwas 3.1. From these results we can conclude that after the 8th day from the placement of the provisional crown, there was an adaptation period, characterized by a decrease in the painful sensations. The value of the Silness and Loe gingival index measured after the preparation was 1.34, and 8 days from the placement of the provisional crown was 0.94. The results inclined us to the fact that the provisional acrylic crowns facilitated the reparation of the periodontal tissue.

Energy and economic analysis of a building air-conditioner with a phase change material (PCM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chaiyat, Nattaporn

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Phase change material of Rubitherm20 was applied with the air-conditioner under the climate of Thailand. • PCM was used to reduce cooling load and electrical power of the air-conditioner. • Mathematical model of the packed ball bed of PCM was presented to predict the thermal performance. - Abstract: In this study, a concept of using phase change material (PCM) for improving cooling efficiency of an air-conditioner had been presented under Thailand climate. Rubitherm20 (RT-20) was selected to evaluate the thermal performance by reducing the air temperature entering the evaporating coil. The model of PCM celluloid balls had been performed with the air-conditioner. For the experiment, 2 TR of R-134a air-conditioner was chosen to test a pack bed of PCM balls with thickness 40 cm. The pressure drops of the air flowing through the bed were considered with and without a set of by-pass tubes along the height of the storage bed. The mathematical model of the air-conditioner with the PCM storage was developed and verified with the testing results. From the study results, it could be seen that pressure drops of the bed with and without bypass tubes were nearly the same results. Thus, PCM ball pack bed using RT-20 without bypass tubes was used to improve the cooling efficiency of the air-conditioner. The experimental result of the modified unit was compared and verified with the mathematical model, which agreed quite well with the simulation result. Finally, the model was used to analyze the economic result, which found that the electrical consumption of the modified air-conditioner could be decreased around 3.09 kW h/d. The saving cost from the PCM bed could be 9.10% of 170.03 USD/y and the payback period was around 4.15 y

Radiation produced biomaterials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosiak, J.M.

1998-01-01

Medical advances that have prolonged the average life span have generated increased need for new materials that can be used as tissue and organ replacements, drug delivery systems and/or components of devices related to therapy and diagnosis. The first man-made plastic used as surgical implant was celluloid, applied for cranial defect repair. However, the first users applied commercial materials with no regard for their purity, biostability and post-operative interaction with the organism. Thus, these materials evoked a strong tissue reaction and were unacceptable. The first polymer which gained acceptance for man-made plastic was poly(methyl methacrylate). But the first polymer of choice, precursor of the broad class of materials known today as hydrogels, was poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) synthesized in the fifties by Wichterle and Lim. HEMA and its various combinations with other, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, polymers are till now the most often used hydrogels for medical purposes. In the early fifties, the pioneers of the radiation chemistry of polymers began some experiments with radiation crosslinking, also with hydrophilic polymers. However, hydrogels were analyzed mainly from the point of view of phenomena associated with mechanism of reactions, topology of network, and relations between radiation parameters of the processes. Fundamental monographs on radiation polymer physics and chemistry written by Charlesby (1960) and Chapiro (1962) proceed from this time. The noticeable interest in application of radiation to obtain hydrogels for biomedical purposes began in the late sixties as a result of the papers and patents published by Japanese and American scientists. Among others, the team of the Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment headed by Kaetsu as well as Hoffman and his colleagues from the Center of Bioengineering, University of Washington have created the base for spreading interest in the field of biomaterials formed by means of

Preparation of Films and Sources for 4{pi} Counting; Prigotovlenie dlya 4{pi}-scheta plenok i istochnikov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konstantinov, A. A.; Sazonova, T. E. [Vsesojuznyj Nauchno - Isledovatel' skij Institut Im. D.I. Mendeleeva, Leningrad, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1967-03-15

To obtain a high degree of accuracy in determining the specific activity of sources by the absolute counting of particles with a 4{pi} counter, attention must be paid to the preparation of the radioactive sources. At the Mendeleev Institute of Metrology, celluloid films (surface density 8-10 {mu}/cm{sup 2}) coated on both sides with gold (10-15 {mu}g/cm{sup 2} ) or palladium (5-6 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}) are used as the bases of the radioactive sources. In order to reduce the correction for absorption of beta particles in the radioactive deposit, the base is specially treated with insulin. The authors present an extremely sensitive and effective method, employing the electron-capture nuclide {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr), for determining the uniform distribution of the active layer over the entire insulintreated surface. A solution of {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr) salt was applied to the insulin-tteated film, and the source of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) Auger K electrons thus obtained was investigated with the help of a proportional 4{pi} counter. The total number of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) Auger K electrons from the source was 8-12% less than the fluorescence coefficient (calculated from the number of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) K X-quanta emitted by the source) and the number of K electrons absorbed in the film (determined by the 'sandwich' method). From the differences, for insulintreated and untreated {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr) sources, between the calculated and recorded number of Auger electrons it is possible to reach a definite conclusion regarding the quality of the insulin treatment. (author) [Russian] Dlja poluchenija vysokoj tochnosti izmerenij pri opredelenii udel'noj aktivnosti istochnikov metodom absoljutnogo scheta chastic s pomoshh'ju 4{pi}- schetchika, bol'shoe vnimanie dolzhno byt' udeleno prigotovleniju radioaktivnyh istochnikov. Vo VNIIM v kachestve podlozhek radioaktivnyh istochnikov ispol'zujutsja celluloidnye plenki (poverhnostnaja plot- nost' 8-10 mkg/sm{sup 2

Remixing Memory through Home Movies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shaun Wilson

2011-05-01

Full Text Available

Abstract: The moving image has traditionally provided a catalyst for screen-based culture to develop a language that evokes a means and experience of storytelling positioned in-between the image and the viewer.  However, this article will frame such a relationship by distancing the moving image from a cinematic or industrial context to instead look to the amateur cohort of private films commonly referred to as ‘home movies’, In doing so, I will consider what Bachelard refers to as a returning to childhood in search of memory, to form a reasoned understanding of the ways in which memory itself can be grafted in-between film and experience. This article will focus on celluloid film which I will define as vintage home movies, namely Standard 8mm and Super 8mm film contributed from domestic-orientated archives. The discussion will examine two main video installations evidencing selected work in the wider series.Filmic Memorials (2002-06 comprised of a substantial body of work established from my family collection of 8mm home movies.

Résumé: Dans notre culture de l'écran, l 'image mobile a souvent servi de catalyseur à l

Patterns of Lethality and Absorbed Dose Distributions in Mice for Monoenergetic Neutrons; Letalite et Distribution de la Dose Absorbee chez la Souris pour des Neutrons Monoenergetiques; Letal'nost' i raspredelenie pogloshchennoj dozy pri obluchenii myshej monoehnergeticheskimi neitronami; Letalidad y Distribucion de las Dosis Absorbidas por el Raton para Neutrones Monoenergeticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frigerio, N. A.; Jordan, D. L. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1964-03-15

The presence of strong C, N and O resonances in the 100 to 1500 keV region has permitted the study of specific neutron-nuclide interactions as reflected in lethality, RBE maxima etc. Sixty-two {mu}A of resolved Van de Graaf protons, 1882 to 2738 keV, yielded monoenergetic neutrons via Li{sup 7}(p, n)Be{sup 7}. Virgin female CF-1 mice were exposed in celluloid capsules to the mono-energetic neutrons at distances of 3.1 to 11.3 cm from the source at laboratory angles of 0 to 1 radian. Mice were exposed bilaterally while simultaneously in motion through either circular or elliptical orbits normal to the axis of the beam. Thus, control of dose distribution within the animal was possible. Absolute flux measurements were made with U{sup 235} fission counters and by absolute counting of Au wires and foils activated within Cd covers. Patterns of dose absorption were measured with micro-ionization chambers and with a specially developed FeSO{sub 4}-NH{sub 4}SCN dosimeter of high sensitivity. Relative dose measurements were made with Hurst proton-recoil gas counters and B{sup 10} , Li{sup 6} and proton-recoil scintillators. Neutron-energy distributions were measured with specially developed B{sup 10}, He{sup 3} and Li{sup 6} gas and solid-state spectrometers. Gamma contributions were measured with Ne/Ar chamber counters. These measurements showed gamma contribution to be less than 0.8%, and thermal-epithermal less than 0.01%, of the total rad dose. Animals were exposed to median midpoint doses ranging from 180 to 1200 rad at neutron energies from 396 to 658 keV {+-} 50 keV to cover the region of N and O resonances. Levels and patterns of lethality proved to be strong functions of neutron energy and equally strong, but independent, functions of dose distribution. Regardless of dose, energy or distribution, however, all animals surviving five days survived at least 144 days, dying then of the usual long-term effects. This suggests that monoenergetic fast neutrons, free of

Historia de la competencia entre el cine y la televisión Los efectos de las nuevas tecnologías en la formas de consumir y producir cine en España: la explosión del cine en la televisión y el posible fin de las películas en celuloide History of the competition between film and television The effects of new technologies in ways of consuming and producing films in Spain: the explosion of television and film at the possible end of the movie on celluloid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ciro Enrique Hernández Rodríguez

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Descripción del proceso de estrecha competencia entre dos grandes medios audiovisuales tradicionales, la televisión y el cine, a través de aquellas innovaciones tecnológicas de las se han podido beneficiar cada uno, hasta acabar señalando la forma en la que uno se está convirtiendo en el medio preferente o exclusivo para el disfrute del otro.Description of the process of competition between tow traditional greats media, the television and the film, which has got the advantage by technological improvement until the television become in the preferred or exclusive way enjoy the films.