Phase III Randomized Study of Rituximab/Carmustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan (BEAM) Compared With Iodine-131 Tositumomab/BEAM With Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results From the BMT CTN 0401 Trial

Science.gov (United States)

Vose, Julie M.; Carter, Shelly; Burns, Linda J.; Ayala, Ernesto; Press, Oliver W.; Moskowitz, Craig H.; Stadtmauer, Edward A.; Mineshi, Shin; Ambinder, Richard; Fenske, Timothy; Horowitz, Mary; Fisher, Richard; Tomblyn, Marcie

2013-01-01

Purpose This clinical trial evaluated standard-dose radioimmunotherapy with a chemotherapy-based transplantation regimen followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation versus rituximab with the same regimen in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients and Methods Patients with chemotherapy-sensitive persistent or relapsed DLBCL were randomly assigned to receive iodine-131 tositumomab (dosimetric dose of 5 mCi on day −19 and therapeutic dose of 0.75 Gy on day −12), carmustine 300 mg/m2 (day −6), etoposide 100 mg/m2 twice daily (days −5 to −2), cytarabine 100 mg/m2 twice daily (days −5 to −2), and melphalan 140 mg/m2 (day −1; B-BEAM) or rituximab 375 mg/m2 on days −19 and −12 and the same chemotherapy regimen (R-BEAM). Results Two hundred twenty-four patients were enrolled, with 113 patients randomly assigned to R-BEAM and 111 patients assigned to B-BEAM. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates, the primary end point, were 48.6% (95% CI, 38.6% to 57.8%) for R-BEAM and 47.9% (95% CI, 38.2% to 57%; P = .94) for B-BEAM, and the 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 65.6% (95% CI, 55.3% to 74.1%) for R-BEAM and 61% (95% CI, 50.9% to 69.9%; P = .38) for B-BEAM. The 100-day treatment-related mortality rates were 4.1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 8.0%) for R-BEAM and 4.9% (95% CI, 0.8% to 9.0%; P = .97) for B-BEAM. The maximum mucositis score was higher in the B-BEAM arm (0.72) compared with the R-BEAM arm (0.31; P < .001). Conclusion The B-BEAM and R-BEAM regimens produced similar 2-year PFS and OS rates for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed DLBCL. No differences in toxicities other than mucositis were noted. PMID:23478060

Local delivery of 131I-MIBG to treat peritoneal neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinuya, Seigo; Li, Xiao-Feng; Yokoyama, Kunihiko; Michigishi, Takatoshi; Tonami, Norihisa; Mori, Hirofumi; Shiba, Kazuhiro; Watanabe, Naoto; Shuke, Noriyuki; Bunko, Hisashi

2003-01-01

Internal radiotherapy involving systemic administration of iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) in neural crest tumours such as neuroblastoma has shown considerable success. Although peritoneal seeding of neuroblastoma occurs less often than metastases to organs such as the liver, no effective treatments exist in this clinical setting. Previous reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of peritoneal application of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in several kinds of carcinomas. Local delivery of 131 I-MIBG should produce more favourable dosimetry in comparison with its systemic administration in the treatment of peritoneal neuroblastoma. In the current investigation, a peritoneal model of neuroblastoma was established in Balb/c nu/nu mice by i.p. injection of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Two weeks after cell inoculation, comparative biodistribution studies were performed following i.v. or i.p. administration of 131 I-MIBG. Mice were treated with 55.5 MBq of 131 I-MIBG administered either i.v. or i.p. at 2 weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of 131 I-MIBG produced significantly higher tumour accumulation than did i.v. injection (P 131 I-MIBG failed to improve the survival of mice; mean survival of untreated mice and mice treated with i.v. administration of 131 I-MIBG was 59.3±3.9 days and 60.6±2.8 days, respectively. On the other hand, radiotherapy delivered via i.p. administration of 131 I-MIBG prolonged survival of mice to 94.7±17.5 days (P 131 I-MIBG therapy). Radiation doses absorbed by tumours at 55.5 MBq of 131 I-MIBG were estimated to be 4,140 cGy with i.p. injection and 450 cGy with i.v. injection. These results indicate the benefits of locoregional delivery of 131 I-MIBG in the treatment of peritoneal neuroblastoma. (orig.)

Relapse of nephrotic syndrome during post-rituximab peripheral blood B-lymphocyte depletion.

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Mai; Kamei, Koichi; Ogura, Masao; Ishikura, Kenji; Ito, Shuichi

2018-02-01

Rituximab is effective against complicated childhood steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). Peripheral blood B-lymphocyte (B-cell) depletion is strongly correlated with persistent remission, relapse rarely occurring during B-cell depletion; however, we have encountered several such patients. We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and clinical course of 82 patients with SDNS treated with rituximab from January 2007 to December 2012 in our institution. Six of 82 patients (7.3%) had relapses during B-cell depletion after receiving rituximab (relapsed group). The remaining 76 patients did not have relapses during B-cell depletion (non-relapsed group). The median time to initial relapse during B-cell depletion was 85 days after receiving rituximab, which is significantly shorter than in the non-relapsed group (410 days, p = 0.0003). The median annual numbers of relapses after receiving rituximab were 2.5 and 0.9 in the relapsed and non-relapsed groups, respectively (p depletion did not differ between the two groups. Relapse during B-cell depletion after receiving rituximab suggests that various pathophysiological mechanisms play a part in childhood nephrotic syndrome.

I-123(131)-metyrapone for imaging of the adrenal cortex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zolle, I.; Bergmann, H.; Hoefer, R.; Robien, W.

1982-01-01

Attempts to label metyrapone with radioiodine resulted in the synthesis of 4'-bromometyrapone that is labelled with I-123(131) by halogen exchange before use. The synthesis of I-123(131)-metyrapone involves 4 intermediate compounds. 4'-bromometyrapone serves as a precursor with indefinite shelf-life that is labelled selectively in the 4'-position of ring B. Studies of the biodistribution of I-131-metyrapone indicate the highest concentration in the adrenal gland 10-20 min after injection, peak uptake in the normal adrenal corresponds to 0.2% of the administered dose. In hyperfunctioning adrenals the uptake is higher. In a patient with bilateral modular hyperplasia, 0.8% of the injected radioactivity were measured in the enlarged adrenals at 2 resp. 2.8 hrs after injection of I-123-metyrapone. We have performed the first adrenal scintigram on the same patient with 1.25 mCi of I-123-metyrapone. (Author)

Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine ({sup 131}I)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ro, Chae Song; Lee, Mun Ho [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1967-09-15

Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ({sup 131}I) were experimentally observed. Sixty healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, divided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of {sup 131}I were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given {sup 131}I with a single dose of 10{mu}C per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given {sup 131}I with a single dose of 5{mu}C per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given {sup 131}I with 3 doses of 2.5{mu}C per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyma were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the filbrinous tissues. In the group D given {sup 131}I with 6 doses of 0.5{mu}C per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given {sup 131}I with 8 and 10 doses of 0.2{mu}C and 0.01{mu}C for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degenerative

Enzymatic synthesis of {sup 125/131}I labeled 8-hydroxyquinoline glucuronide and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of biological influence

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yesilagac, Reyhan [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Science, 35100 Bornova, Izmir (Turkey); Unak, Perihan, E-mail: perihan.unak@ege.edu.t [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Science, 35100 Bornova, Izmir (Turkey); Medine, E. Ilker; Ichedef, Cigdem A. [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Science, 35100 Bornova, Izmir (Turkey); Ertay, Turkan [Dokuz Eyluel University, Medical School, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir (Turkey); Mueftueler, F.Z. Biber [Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Science, 35100 Bornova, Izmir (Turkey)

2011-02-15

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-OHQ) is a long-known molecule which due to its metal-complexation ability is frequently used for analysis. It is also called oxine. Oxine and derivatives have been investigated to process antitumor and antimicrobial activities. 8-Hydroxyquinolyl-glucuronide (8-OHQ-Glu) was enzymatically synthesized using microsome preparates separated from Hutu-80 cells, labeled with {sup 125}I to perform a radionuclide labeled prodrug and investigated of its biological affinities on Hutu-80 (human duodenum intestinal adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), Detroit 562 (human pharynx adenocarcinoma) cells and ACBRI 519 (primary human small intestine epithelial cells) in this work. UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) rich microsome preparates, which are used for glucuronidation in enzymatic synthesis, were extracted from Hutu-80 cells. 8-OHQ-Glu components were labeled using iodogen method with {sup 125}I and {sup 131}I. Structural analyses were performed with LC/MS/MS, {sup 1}H NMR and {sup 13}C-MMR for identify and measure chemical constituents. Results confirmed expected molecular structure. 8-OHQ-Glu could successfully radioiodinated with {sup 125/131}I according to iodogen method. {sup 125}I-8-OHQ-glucuronide incorporated with human gastrointestinal cancer cells such as Detroit-562 (human pharynx adenocarcinoma) (12.6%), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) (7.8%), Hutu- 80 (human duodenum intestinal adenocarcinoma) (9.5%) and ACBRI 519 (primary human small intestine epithelial cells) (6.40%). {sup 131}I-8-OHQ-Glu was tested in mice bearing subcutaneously implanted Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The results demonstrated that radioiodinated 8-OHQ-Glu may be promising anticancer prodrug.

Internalization of rituximab and the efficiency of B Cell depletion in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Science.gov (United States)

Reddy, Venkat; Cambridge, Geraldine; Isenberg, David A; Glennie, Martin J; Cragg, Mark S; Leandro, Maria

2015-05-01

Rituximab, a type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), induces incomplete B cell depletion in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thus contributing to a poor clinical response. The mechanisms of this resistance remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine whether type II mAb are more efficient than type I mAb at depleting B cells from RA and SLE patients, whether internalization influences the efficiency of depletion, and whether Fcγ receptor type IIb (FcγRIIb) and the B cell receptor regulate this internalization process. We used an in vitro whole blood B cell-depletion assay to assess the efficiency of depletion, flow cytometry to study cell surface protein expression, and surface fluorescence-quenching assays to assess rituximab internalization, in samples from patients with RA and patients with SLE. Paired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups, and Spearman's rank correlation test was used to assess correlation. We found that type II mAb internalized significantly less rituximab than type I mAb and depleted B cells from patients with RA and SLE at least 2-fold more efficiently than type I mAb. Internalization of rituximab was highly variable between patients, was regulated by FcγRIIb, and inversely correlated with cytotoxicity in whole blood B cell-depletion assays. The lowest levels of internalization were seen in IgD- B cells, including postswitched (IgD-CD27+) memory cells. Internalization of type I anti-CD20 mAb was also partially inhibited by anti-IgM stimulation. Variability in internalization of rituximab was observed and was correlated with impaired B cell depletion. Therefore, slower-internalizing type II mAb should be considered as alternative B cell-depleting agents for the treatment of RA and SLE. © 2015 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

Radioimmunoimaging of nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts after injecting 131I-McAbs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Liang

1992-01-01

Monoclonal antibodies (Lc86a-C5, Lc86a-H8) directed against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2 and normal BALB/c IgG were labelled with iodine-131 by chloramine T. The 131 I-McAbs and 131 I-IgG were respectively injected into the peritoneal cavities of nude mice bearing transplanted human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2. After 72 h, the tumor tissue in nude mice injected with 131 I-McAbs was distinguishable from normal tissues as a very clear image obtained during gamma scintigraphy. No difference was found between tumor and normal tissues in the nude mice injected with 131 I-IgG. The tumor: blood ration was 3.1:1 in nude injected with 131 I McAb(H8) and 0.9:1 in nude mice injected with 131 I-IgG respectively. This indicates that the tumor tissue image was the result of specific binding of the 131 I-McAbs, which have high specificity and affinity both in vitro and in vivo, to tumor cells, and these monoclonal antibodies may serve as potential agents in tumor diagnosis and treatment

131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I MIBG) kinetics in a carcinoid tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiavo, R.; Concolino, G.; Fazi, F.; Iannantuono, P.; Voti, S. Li; Manzara, A.; Pavoni, P.

1987-01-01

The 131 I-MIBG kinetics was studied in vivo in patients with carcinoid tumors and liver metastases. Activity curve analysis showed that the maximum uptake of 131 I-MIBG in a carcinoid tumor occurred after 48 hours, while its biological half time was of 8 days and a half. Although more data are necessary to understand a significant variation in 131 I-MIBG kinetics between the different kinds of APUD neoplasms, it is thought that a dynamic-funtional study allowing the evaluation of the different biological half-time, could be helpful for the selection of these neoplasms, which could be treated with 131 I-MIBG. Radiation doses required for the treatment are also estimated. (M.E.L.) [es

Differential expression profiling of circulation microRNAs in PTC patients with non-131I and 131I-avid lungs metastases: a pilot study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, Zhong-Ling; Shen, Chen-Tian; Song, Hong-Jun; Wei, Wei-Jun; Luo, Quan-Yong

2015-01-01

Introduction: Loss of the ability to concentrate 131 I is one of the important causes of radioiodine-refractory disease in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Recent advantages of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) open a new realm of possibilities for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of many cancers. The aim of the current study was to identify differential expression profiling of circulation miRNAs in PTC patients with non- 131 I and 131 I-avid lungs metastases. Methods: The expressions of miRNAs were examined using miRNA microarray chip. The most significantly changed miRNAs from microarray were verified by using qRT-PCR. The potential miRNAs regulating target genes and their preliminary biological functions were forecasted by Bioinformatic analysis. Results: Compared to 131 I-avid lung metastases, 13 kinds of significantly differential serum miRNAs including 5 upregulated miRNAs (miR-1249, miR-106a, miR-503, miR-34c-5p, miR-1281) and 8 downregulated miRNAs (miR-1915, miR-2861, miR-3196, miR-500, miR-572, miR-33b, miR-554, miR-18a) in PTC patients with non- 131 I-avid lung metastases were identified. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miR-106a was the core miRNA regulating 193 genes in the network. The results of validation confirmed the up-regulation of miR-106a in non- 131 I-avid lungs metastatic PTC patients. Conclusion: Differentially expressed serum miRNA profiles between PTC patients with non- 131 I and 131 I-avid lungs metastases were analyzed. These findings in our present study could represent new clues for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in PTC patients with non- 131 I-avid metastatic disease

Rituximab and chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Sonet, Anne; Bosly, André

2009-06-01

Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody with activity in nearly all subtypes of B-cell lymphomas. Association of rituximab with chemotherapy (mostly the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone [CHOP] regimen) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents an extraordinary revolution in the prognosis of DLBCL, and is the new standard of therapy in elderly and young, low-risk patients. Despite the lack of randomized, clinical trials in younger patients with high risk, rituximab is also a standard of care in these patients in clinical practice, at least in North America. The practice is based on observational trials (e.g., the British Columbia Registry) and the missing logic in classifying patients as 'younger' or 'older': 60 years old or 65 years old. In Europe, trials are ongoing to establish the best treatment for young, high-risk patients. Association of rituximab and chemotherapy deeply modifies prognostic factors defined before the rituximab era.

Type I CD20 Antibodies Recruit the B Cell Receptor for Complement-Dependent Lysis of Malignant B Cells

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Engelberts, Patrick J.; Voorhorst, Marleen; Schuurman, Janine; van Meerten, Tom; Bakker, Joost M.; Vink, Tom; Mackus, Wendy J. M.; Breij, Esther C. W.; Derer, Stefanie; Valerius, Thomas; van de Winkel, Jan G. J.; Parren, Paul W. H. I.; Beurskens, Frank J.

2016-01-01

Human IgG1 type I CD20 Abs, such as rituximab and ofatumumab (OFA), efficiently induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of CD20(+) B cells by binding of C1 to hexamerized Fc domains. Unexpectedly, we found that type I CD20 Ab F(ab ')2 fragments, as well as C1q-binding-deficient IgG mutants,

Synthesis and 131I labelling of epidepride as a dopamine D2 receptor imaging agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Min; Hu Mingyang; Pei Zhuguo; Wang Bocheng; Zhou Xingqin

2001-01-01

S-(-)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-iodo-2, 3-dimethoxybenzamide (Epidepride) and its iodine labeling precursor S-(-)-N-[(1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-tributyltin-2, 3-dimethoxybenzamide are synthesized from 3-methoxy salicylic acid. The labeling precursor is labeled with 131 I by hydrogen peroxide method, and 131 I-epidepride is gained, its radiolabelling yield (RLY) and the radiochemical purity (RCP) are all over 95%. The RCP of 131 I-epidepride is over 90% under 4 degree C after 15 days. 131 I-epidepride has high affinity to dopamine D 2 receptor. The striatal uptake can be blocked completely by spiperone. The striatum and cerebellum uptake ratio can reach 237 at 320 min in rats. The results show that 131 I-epidepride may be used as a dopamine D 2 receptor imaging agent for SPECT

In vivo biological evaluation of 131I radiolabeled-paclitaxel glucuronide (131I-PAC-G)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aslan, O.; Biber Muftuler, F.Z.; Yurt Kilcar, A.; Ichedef, C.; Unak, P.

2012-01-01

Paclitaxel (PAC) is a natural occurring diterpene alkoloid originally isolated from the bark of Taxus Brevifolia. It is one of the most important antitumor agents for clinical treatment of ovarian, breast non-small cell lung and prostate cancers. It is known that these types of cancer cells have high β-glucuronidase enzyme which can catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronides. This is why the synthesis compounds which undergo glucuronidation come into question in the imaging and therapy of these cancer cells. The aim of current study is conjugation of glucuronic acid (G) to the starting substance PAC, labeling with 131 I and to perform its in vivo biological evaluation. Glucuronic acid derived paclitaxel compound [paclitaxel-glucuronide (PAC-G)] was labeled with 131 I using iodogen method. According to thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) method, the radiochemical yield of 131 I-PAC-G was 84.30 ± 7.40% (n=10). The biodistribution of 131 I-PAC-G in healthy female and male Wistar Albino rats has been investigated. Imaging studies on male Balb-C mice were performed by using the Kodak FX PRO in vivo Imaging System. The range of the breast/blood, breast/muscle; ovary/blood, ovary/muscle ratios is approximately between 1.29 and 11.34 in 240 min, and between 0.71 and 8.24 in 240 min for female rats. The prostate/blood and prostate/muscle ratio is between 1.94 and 6.95 in 30 min for male rats. All these experimental studies indicate that 131 I-PAC-G may potentially be used in breast, ovary and prostate tissues as an imaging agent. Also it is thought that 131 I-PAC-G bears a therapy potential because of the 131 I radionuclide and can be improved with further investigations. (orig.)

Evaluation of 131I retention in several adsorbers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catanoso, Marcela F.; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

2011-01-01

Several iodine radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine for treatment and diagnostic purposes. The radioisotope 131 I is used both in diagnosis and therapy due to its physical characteristics of decay by β - and its γ-ray emissions suitable for diagnosis. It is routinely produced at IPEN through the irradiation of TeO 2 targets in the IEA-R1m nuclear reactor. After the irradiation, the 131 I is separated by dry distillation, where the targets are put in an oven, heated at 760 deg C for 2 hours and the 131 I, volatile, is carried by an O 2 gas stream. The aim of this work was to evaluate the retention and elution of 131 I samples produced at IPEN in several adsorbers as part of a project aiming the purification of these radioisotopes, allowing the labeling of biomolecules. Samples of 131 I were used for retention and elution studies with the following adsorbers: commercial cartridges, anionic resin columns and cationic resin column. The results showed that Ag cartridges and anionic resins Dowex 1X8, Dowex 3 and IRA 400 had a great iodine retention but no elution after using specific eluents. The QMA light, acid alumina, neutral alumina and cationic resin Dowex 50WX4 showed high retention and elution and QMA plus and cationic resin Dowex 50WX8 and Dowex 50WX12 had a good retention but lower elution. Regarding to the better retention and elution, Ag cartridges and resins showed a higher percentage of iodine retention but lower elution yield and QMA light, acid and neutral alumina cartridges showed better results. (author)

Evaluation for Preparation of I-131-MIBG for Diagnosis and Therapy Neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laksmi Andri A; Purwoko; Sri Setyowati; Maskur; Cahya Nova Ardianto; Adang Hardi G

2012-01-01

Evaluation for preparation of 131 I-MIBG have been carried out. Production/preparation of 131 I-MIBG was carried out by labeling MIBG with I-131, the radiochemical purity of 131 I-MIBG was analysed using TLC/paper chromatography. The stability in the human body by using fresh human plasma, at room temperature and at 8°C was carried out. The chemical purity of synthesized MIBG was found to be > 95%, the labeled MIBG with I-131 was analysed using TLC/paper chromatography. The radiochemical purity of 131 I-MIBG was obtained at higher than 95 %. The stability of labeled MIBG in fresh human plasma and at 8°C was stable up to 141 hours, while at room temperature was stable up to 120 hours. The results of labeling of 131 I-MIBG from 2010-2012 showed that these products were colorless clear solution with pH between 5.5.0-7.0, sterile and pyrogen-free, radiochemical purity > 95%. The quality control results were found to be met with the requirements of 131 I-MIBG injection solution used for diagnosis and therapy of neuroblastoma in Hospital. (author)

Preparation and evaluation of (131I)AgI particles: potential lungs perfusion imaging agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Das, Sujata Saha; Sinha, Samarendu; Sarkar, Bharat Ranjan; Ganguly, Shantanu; Chandra, Susmita; De, Kakali; Mishra, Mridula

2010-01-01

Since the discovery of iodine-131 (t 1/2 : 8 d) by Livingood and Seaborg (1938), this, and other radioisotopes of iodine, have found widespread use in nuclear medicine. The purpose of the present work was to formulate Ag 131 I particles and bio-evaluate the same. The Ag 131 I particles were prepared in acidic condition having 100% R.C. Purity. The biological evaluation of Ag 131 1 particles was made by injecting about 111-185 MBq of Ag 131 I particles preparations in female albino rabbits (2-2.5 kg weight) intravenously by femoral vein under urethane anesthesia. Imaging studies were performed under Gamma Camera. The entire amount of the Ag 131 I particles were found to deposit in the lungs and remained there almost unchanged for a certain period of time after the intervenous administration. The images showed excellent, uniform lung uptake with no interference from liver and spleen to the lower regions of right and left lobes. It showed a high accumulation in the rabbits lungs (>99%) and remained constant for at least for 20 min. It is also worthy to study with 123 I/ 124 I labelled AgI for lung imaging study. In conclusion, the synthetic radiopharmaceutical ( 131 I)-Silver iodide colloid can be prepared with a large particle size, in a simple and practical manner, and it has good potential for use as a perfusion imaging agent in lung scans

Parvovirus B19 reactivation presenting as neutropenia after rituximab treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Klepfish, A; Rachmilevitch, E; Schattner, A

2006-11-01

A patient with primary biliary cirrhosis and associated refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura was treated with 4 weekly courses of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B-cell surface antigen CD20. Her thrombocyte count and even cholestatic liver function tests improved. However, 17 weeks after rituximab treatment, she developed severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count 0.23x10(3)/mul) and recurrent thrombocytopenia with abnormal bone marrow of all three lineages. Although delayed-onset neutropenia has been reported after rituximab, reactivated viral infections have also been encountered. Parvovirus B19 was suspected and confirmed as the cause of neutropenia in our patient. The patient was supported by GCSF treatment and recovered uneventfully after several weeks. Neutropenia after rituximab can also be the predominant manifestation of reactivated parvovirus B19 infection and have a favorable prognosis.

Muscle myeloid type I interferon gene expression may predict therapeutic responses to rituximab in myositis patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagaraju, Kanneboyina; Ghimbovschi, Svetlana; Rayavarapu, Sree; Phadke, Aditi; Rider, Lisa G; Hoffman, Eric P; Miller, Frederick W

2016-09-01

To identify muscle gene expression patterns that predict rituximab responses and assess the effects of rituximab on muscle gene expression in PM and DM. In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanism of response and non-response to rituximab therapy, we performed Affymetrix gene expression array analyses on muscle biopsy specimens taken before and after rituximab therapy from eight PM and two DM patients in the Rituximab in Myositis study. We also analysed selected muscle-infiltrating cell phenotypes in these biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. Partek and Ingenuity pathway analyses assessed the gene pathways and networks. Myeloid type I IFN signature genes were expressed at higher levels at baseline in the skeletal muscle of rituximab responders than in non-responders, whereas classic non-myeloid IFN signature genes were expressed at higher levels in non-responders at baseline. Also, rituximab responders have a greater reduction of the myeloid and non-myeloid type I IFN signatures than non-responders. The decrease in the type I IFN signature following administration of rituximab may be associated with the decreases in muscle-infiltrating CD19(+) B cells and CD68(+) macrophages in responders. Our findings suggest that high levels of myeloid type I IFN gene expression in skeletal muscle predict responses to rituximab in PM/DM and that rituximab responders also have a greater decrease in the expression of these genes. These data add further evidence to recent studies defining the type I IFN signature as both a predictor of therapeutic responses and a biomarker of myositis disease activity. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf British Society for Rheumatology 2016. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

Rituximab in the treatment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Guarino, M; Ortiz-Romero, P L; Fernández-Misa, R; Montalbán, C

2014-06-01

Rituximab is a chimeric mouse-human antibody that targets the CD20 antigen, which is found in both normal and neoplastic B cells. In recent years, it has been increasingly used to treat cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and is now considered an alternative to classic treatment (radiotherapy and surgery) of 2 types of indolent lymphoma, namely, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Rituximab is also administered as an alternative to polychemotherapy in the treatment of primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type. Its use as an alternative drug led to it being administered intralesionally, with beneficial effects. In the present article, we review the literature published on the use of rituximab to treat primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of {sup 131}I retention in several adsorbers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Catanoso, Marcela F.; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: marcela.forli@gmail.co, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Diretoria de Radiofarmacia

2011-07-01

Several iodine radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine for treatment and diagnostic purposes. The radioisotope {sup 131}I is used both in diagnosis and therapy due to its physical characteristics of decay by {beta}{sup -} and its {gamma}-ray emissions suitable for diagnosis. It is routinely produced at IPEN through the irradiation of TeO{sub 2} targets in the IEA-R1m nuclear reactor. After the irradiation, the {sup 131}I is separated by dry distillation, where the targets are put in an oven, heated at 760 deg C for 2 hours and the {sup 131}I, volatile, is carried by an O{sub 2} gas stream. The aim of this work was to evaluate the retention and elution of {sup 131}I samples produced at IPEN in several adsorbers as part of a project aiming the purification of these radioisotopes, allowing the labeling of biomolecules. Samples of {sup 131}I were used for retention and elution studies with the following adsorbers: commercial cartridges, anionic resin columns and cationic resin column. The results showed that Ag cartridges and anionic resins Dowex 1X8, Dowex 3 and IRA 400 had a great iodine retention but no elution after using specific eluents. The QMA light, acid alumina, neutral alumina and cationic resin Dowex 50WX4 showed high retention and elution and QMA plus and cationic resin Dowex 50WX8 and Dowex 50WX12 had a good retention but lower elution. Regarding to the better retention and elution, Ag cartridges and resins showed a higher percentage of iodine retention but lower elution yield and QMA light, acid and neutral alumina cartridges showed better results. (author)

In vivo biological evaluation of {sup 131}I radiolabeled-paclitaxel glucuronide ({sup 131}I-PAC-G)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aslan, O.; Biber Muftuler, F.Z.; Yurt Kilcar, A.; Ichedef, C.; Unak, P. [Ege Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Applications

2012-07-01

Paclitaxel (PAC) is a natural occurring diterpene alkoloid originally isolated from the bark of Taxus Brevifolia. It is one of the most important antitumor agents for clinical treatment of ovarian, breast non-small cell lung and prostate cancers. It is known that these types of cancer cells have high {beta}-glucuronidase enzyme which can catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronides. This is why the synthesis compounds which undergo glucuronidation come into question in the imaging and therapy of these cancer cells. The aim of current study is conjugation of glucuronic acid (G) to the starting substance PAC, labeling with {sup 131}I and to perform its in vivo biological evaluation. Glucuronic acid derived paclitaxel compound [paclitaxel-glucuronide (PAC-G)] was labeled with {sup 131}I using iodogen method. According to thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) method, the radiochemical yield of {sup 131}I-PAC-G was 84.30 {+-} 7.40% (n=10). The biodistribution of {sup 131}I-PAC-G in healthy female and male Wistar Albino rats has been investigated. Imaging studies on male Balb-C mice were performed by using the Kodak FX PRO in vivo Imaging System. The range of the breast/blood, breast/muscle; ovary/blood, ovary/muscle ratios is approximately between 1.29 and 11.34 in 240 min, and between 0.71 and 8.24 in 240 min for female rats. The prostate/blood and prostate/muscle ratio is between 1.94 and 6.95 in 30 min for male rats. All these experimental studies indicate that {sup 131}I-PAC-G may potentially be used in breast, ovary and prostate tissues as an imaging agent. Also it is thought that {sup 131}I-PAC-G bears a therapy potential because of the {sup 131}I radionuclide and can be improved with further investigations. (orig.)

Phase I/II 90Y-Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) radioimmunotherapy dosimetry results in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiseman, G.A.; Dunn, W.L.; White, C.A.; Berlfein, J.R.; Ding, E.; Grillo-Lopez, A.J.; Stabin, M.; Erwin, W.; Spies, S.; Dahlbom, M.; Silverman, D.H.S.; Raubitschek, A.; Karvelis, K.; Schultheiss, T.; Witzig, T.E.; Belanger, R.

2000-01-01

Dosimetry studies in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were performed to estimate the radiation absorbed dose to normal organs and bone marrow from 90 Y-Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) treatment in this phase I/II, multicenter trial. The trial was designed to determine the dose of Rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20, Rituxan, IDEC-C2B8, MabThera), the unlabeled antibody given prior to the radioconjugate to clear peripheral blood B cells and optimize distribution, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose of 90 Y-Zevalin [7.4, 11, or 15 MBq/kg (0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mCi/kg)]. Patients received 111 In-Zevalin (indium-111 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-In2B8) on day 0 followed by a therapeutic dose of 90 Y-Zevalin on day 7. Both doses were preceded by an infusion of the chimeric, unlabeled antibody Rituximab. Following administration of 111 In-Zevalin, serial anterior/posterior whole-body scans were acquired. Major-organ radioactivity versus time estimates were calculated using regions of interest. Residence times were computed and entered into the MIRDOSE3 computer software program to calculate estimated radiation absorbed dose to each organ. Initial analyses of estimated radiation absorbed dose were completed at the clinical site. An additional, centralized dosimetry analysis was performed subsequently to provide a consistent analysis of data collected from the seven clinical sites. In all patients with dosimetry data (n=56), normal organ and red marrow radiation absorbed doses were estimated to be well under the protocol-defined upper limit of 20 Gy and 3 Gy, respectively. Median estimated radiation absorbed dose was 3.4 Gy to liver (range 1.2-7.8 Gy), 2.6 Gy to lungs (range 0.72-4.4 Gy), and 0.38 Gy to kidneys (range 0.07-0.61 Gy). Median estimated tumor radiation absorbed dose was 17 Gy (range 5.8-67 Gy). No correlation was noted between hematologic toxicity and the following variables: red marrow radiation absorbed dose, blood T 1/2 , blood AUC

B Cell Depletion: Rituximab in Glomerular Disease and Transplantation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Marinaki

2013-12-01

Full Text Available B cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Selective targeting can be achieved with the use of the monoclonal antibody rituximab. In addition to being a drug for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rituximab is also an FDA-approved treatment for refractory rheumatoid arthritis and, since recently, ANCA vasculitis. It has shown efficacy in many autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss current evidence and the rationale of the use of rituximab in glomerular diseases, including randomized controlled trials. The focus will be on the use of rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus and ANCA-associated vasculitis. The emerging role of rituximab in renal transplantation, where it seems to be important for the desensitization protocols for highly sensitized patients as well as for the preconditioning of ABO-incompatible recipients and the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection, will also be addressed.

Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation Brazil (SCAR-B) University of Washington C131A Data

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — SCAR_B_UWC131A data are Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation Experiment in Brazil data from instruments on board the University of Washington C131A aircraft in...

Obtention, sintering and operational tests of the obtention prototype TeO2 for the production of 131 I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alanis M, J.

1997-12-01

The demand that exists in Mexico of developing production techniques of applicable radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, it forces to the National Institute of Nuclear Research to develop the obtaining process of 131 I by dry via starting from TeO 2 . The obtaining process of 131 I, it begins with the synthesis of the TeO 2 like matter prevails, starting from the oxidation of Te-elementary one, inside HNO 3 . Later on the TeO 2 , passes to the sintering process in ingots form, in that way it is encapsulated in aluminum, to be irradiated under optimal parameters of irradiation in the nuclear reactor. The irradiated TeO 2 , it passes to the stage of distillation of 131 I, in a distillation equipment of 131 I by dry via starting from TeO 2 . The process equipment consists mainly of three parts: a) the system of distillation control, built of steel, aluminum, bronze and brass, among other, b) distillation system, built of glass pyrex and of quartz, in this system is where the chemical and nuclear reactions take place for the obtaining of 131 I and c) electric system, is the one in charge of the electric energy supply for the process oven, ventilation system and vacuum system. The results of experimental tests, check the effectiveness of the production process of 131 I in the ININ in routine form (industrial), however it is indispensable to optimize the physical, chemical and nuclear parameters that intervene in each stage of the process with the purpose to obtaining the maximum yield, purity, quality and radiological control and economic production costs. (Author)

Nose swabs and urinalysis as indicators of exposure to I-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrall, R. C.

1963-06-15

During a maintenance operation on the Aromour Research Reactor, a heat lamp, which was drying a valve, caused a small quantity of I/sup 131/ become airborne. A continuous air monitor sampling in the area gave the alarm and the area ntified by the use of a 256 channel analyzer. Nose swabs of the personnel involved were taken and 24 hour urine samples were obtained. A single channel analyzer was set up, calibrated for I/sup 131/ and thyroid counts were started several hours after the incident. The thyroid count rose during the first 24 hour period and then declined closely following the 8 day half life of I/sup 131/. The urine Samples were analyzed by two different gamma counting techniques. Portions of the 24 hour urine sample were also sent to a commercial urinalysis service and analysis for I/sup 131/specifically requested. The results of the commercial service in this instance appeared to be poor. Nose swabs taken immediately after the incident were analyzed using a NaI well crystal. The average value of the ratio mu c on nose swabs to mu c in thyroid was found to be 2.6 x 1-/sup -1/ with all values within a factor of 6. The average value of the ratio mu c in 24 hour urine sample to mu c in thyroid was 5.7 with all values within a factor of 2. It would appear that at short times after a suspected exposure to I/sup 131/ nose swabs and urine samples are both useful in making a rapid assessment of exposure. The data presented are based on 10 subjects. (auth)

Evaluation of an internalizing monoclonal antibody labeled using N-succinimidyl 3-[{sup 131}i]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([{sup 131}i]SIPMB), a negatively charged substituent bearing acylation agent

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shankar, Sriram; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Affleck, Donna J.; Peixoto, Katia; Bigner, Darell D.; Zalutsky, Michael R. E-mail: zalut001@mc.duke.edu

2004-10-01

Monoclonal antibodies such as L8A4, reactive with the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III, internalize after receptor binding resulting in proteolytic degradation by lysosomes. Labeling internalizing mAbs requires the use of methodologies that result in the trapping of labeled catabolites in tumor cells after intracellular processing. Herein we have investigated the potential utility of N-succinimidyl-3-[{sup 131}I]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([{sup 131}I]SIPMB), an acylation agent that couples the corresponding negatively charged acid [{sup 131}I]IPMBA to the protein, for this purpose. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that [{sup 131}I]IPMBA cleared rapidly from normal tissues and exhibited thyroid levels {<=}0.1% injected dose, consistent with a low degree of dehalogenation. Biodistribution experiments in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous D-256 human glioma xenografts were performed to compare L8A4 labeled using [{sup 131}I]SIPMB to L8A4 labeled with {sup 125}I using both the analogous positively charged acylation agent N-succinimidyl-4-guanidinomethyl-3-[{sup 125}I]iodobenzoate ([{sup 125}I]SGMIB) and Iodogen. Tumor uptake of [{sup 131}I]SIPMB-L8A4 (41.9{+-}3.5% ID/g) was nearly threefold that of L8A4 labeled using Iodogen (14.0{+-}1.1% ID/g) after 2 days, and tumor to tissue ratios remained uniformly high throughout with [{sup 131}I]SIPMB-L8A4. Thyroid uptake increased for the Iodogen labeled mAb (3.55{+-}0.36 %ID at 5 days) whereas that of [{sup 131}I]SIPMB labeled mAb remained low (0.21{+-}0.04% ID at 5 days). In the second biodistribution, L8A4 labeled using [{sup 131}I]SIPMB and [{sup 125}I]SGMIB showed no difference in normal tissue uptake and had nearly identical tumor uptake ([{sup 131}I]SIPMB, 41.8{+-}14.2% ID/g; [{sup 125}I]SGMIB, 41.6{+-}15.8% ID/g, at 4 days). These results suggest that [{sup 131}I]SIPMB may be a viable acylation agent for the radioiodination of internalizing mAbs.

Graves hyperthyroidism 131I treatment the clinical curative effect of observation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan Yongqiang; Wang Zuobing; Yu Hui; Wang Jing; Li Xiaoqin; Chen Yuanhao; Wu Jiquan

2012-01-01

Objective: to study the clinical treatment of 131 I Graves hyperthyroidism curative effect. Methods: the clinical data of Graves hyperthyroidism patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 258 cases of patients with hyperthyroidism Graves. 131 I treatment 1∼2 times after healed 200 cases, improvement of 38 patients, a low, 10 cases were invalid 10 cases failure; the total effective 96.12%. 1 year after treatment 131 I thyroid quality by before treatment 43.6 + 20.9 grams shrinks to 1.98 + 18.5 grams (p 131 I before treatment with prominent eyes 68 cases (26.4%) 131 I after treatment, the prominent eyes healed 24 cases (34.8%), improvement 30 patients (43.5%), invalid in 12 cases (17.4%), aggravating in 2 cases (2.9%), efficient for 79.7%. Concurrent hyperthyroidism 131 I before treatment in patients with 31 patients (heart), after the treatment of 131 I 12.0% in 25 patients recovered, 6 patients get better, efficient 100%. After the treatment of 131 I temporary armor low in 25 patients (9.7%) , permanent armour low 27 cases (10.5%). After the treatment of 131 I 15 cases have been reduced to a sex WBC (5.8%), 8 cases of liver function mild damage (3.1%), 13 cases itchy skin (1 case), cholesterol by 5.0% compared appear suspected hyperthyroidism crises (0.4%). 258 patients with thyroid type micronodular 41 cases, treatment cured after 131 I in 25 patients (61.0%), improvement in 16 (39.0%), laseris 100%, Diffuse 217 example, cure 175 cases (80.6%), improvement 22 patients (10%), a low 10 (4.6%), invalid 10 (4.6%), laseris 95.4 percent. Conclusion: 131 I treatment Graves hyperthyroidism is simple, safe, effective, and can be used as the preferred treatment method outperforms that of anti-thyroid drugs. (authors)

Obtention, sintering and operational tests of the obtention prototype TeO{sub 2} for the production of {sup 131} I; Obtencion, sinterizado y pruebas operacionales del prototipo de obtencion TeO{sub 2} para la produccion de {sup 131} I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alanis M, J [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

1997-12-15

The demand that exists in Mexico of developing production techniques of applicable radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, it forces to the National Institute of Nuclear Research to develop the obtaining process of {sup 131} I by dry via starting from TeO{sub 2}. The obtaining process of {sup 131} I, it begins with the synthesis of the TeO{sub 2} like matter prevails, starting from the oxidation of Te-elementary one, inside HNO{sub 3}. Later on the TeO{sub 2}, passes to the sintering process in ingots form, in that way it is encapsulated in aluminum, to be irradiated under optimal parameters of irradiation in the nuclear reactor. The irradiated TeO{sub 2}, it passes to the stage of distillation of {sup 131} I, in a distillation equipment of {sup 131} I by dry via starting from TeO{sub 2}. The process equipment consists mainly of three parts: a) the system of distillation control, built of steel, aluminum, bronze and brass, among other, b) distillation system, built of glass pyrex and of quartz, in this system is where the chemical and nuclear reactions take place for the obtaining of {sup 131} I and c) electric system, is the one in charge of the electric energy supply for the process oven, ventilation system and vacuum system. The results of experimental tests, check the effectiveness of the production process of {sup 131} I in the ININ in routine form (industrial), however it is indispensable to optimize the physical, chemical and nuclear parameters that intervene in each stage of the process with the purpose to obtaining the maximum yield, purity, quality and radiological control and economic production costs. (Author)

Rituximab desensitization in three patients with severe rituximab allergy.

Science.gov (United States)

Öztürk, Erman; Özyiğit, Leyla Pur; Öztürk, Ayşe Bilge; Akay, Meltem Olga; Çetiner, Mustafa; Ferhanoğlu, Burhan

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 positive B cells and has a positive effect on both overall and progression-free survival in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Combination rituximab with chemotherapy treatment provide survival improvement. Although rituximab is an important treatment option in hematological malignancies, the risk of allergic reactions is high. These reactions are usually IgE-mediated and can be varied in regard of severity from urticaria to anaphylaxis. It is an option to interrupt the treatment and ommit rituximab therapy who had allergic reactions. Drug desensitization is another option and successful results have been reported by applying desensitization to such reactions. Drug desensitization alters the immune response to induce a state of temporary clinical tolerance to the allergic drug by giving gradual increasing of doses of drug at fixed time intervals. Herein, we present 3 cases successfully treated with rituximab desensitization. The cases were using rituximab with the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma, respectively. Two cases had grade 2 and 1 case had grade 3 systemic allergic reaction with rituximab. There was no known allergy history in all 3 cases. All patients tolerated the desensitization protocol. The subsequent treatments of the patients were also given by desensitization protocol. A total of 12 desensitizations were administered to 3 cases. No severe or life-threating reactions were observed in subsequent applications. To date applying desensitization protocols ensure rituximab treatment safely. Rituximab desensitization can be performed at trained allergy centers, and it may be an appropriate option for rituximab allergic patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inhibitory effects of 131I labeled 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin on breast cancer cell line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Daozhen; Liu Lu; Jiang Xinyu; Huang Ying; Yang Min; Yu Huixin; Luo Shineng; Lin Xiufeng

2007-01-01

Objective: 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin(17-AAG) is a less toxic analogue of geldanamycin (GA) that retains the tumoricidal features of GA. Same as its parent compound, 17-AAG inhibits several signaling pathways through binding to heat shock protein (HSP) 90, which results in destabilization of signaling complexes and degradation of client proteins in a variety of tumor cell growth. Treatment with 17-AAG was effective to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in colon cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer cell lines. This study aimed at exploring the anti-proliferation effects and mechanism of 131 I labeled 17-AAG on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods: 131 I-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na 131 I in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The MCF-7 cells were divided into 5 groups with different additional drugs: group A, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); group B, 370 kBq Na 131 I; group C, 2.5 mg/L 17-AAG; group D, 370 kBq 131 I-17-AAG; group E, 370 kBq 131 I-17-AAG + 2.5 mg/L 17-AAG. 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5, diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the effect of growth inhibition of MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The change of the expression of Akt2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells was examined by RT-PCR. Results: The labeling yield of 131 I-17-AAG was 83%. The radiochemical purity of 131 I-17-AAG after purification was 96.6%. The specific activity was 1.48 x 10 5 MBq/μmol. All drugs could significantly inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro as the duration lasts longer, especially for group E. After 48 h, sub-G1 peaks detected by flow cytometry were(1.54±0.13)%, (5.72±1.05)%, (12.97±1.44)%, (20.65±1.36)%, (35.39±4.15)% for group A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The experimental groups (B-E) were all significantly higher than the control group (A, all P 131 I-17-AAG could suppress the growth of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and hasten the apoptosis. It could

Influence of prilocaine in the interchange of 131I between aqueous humour and blood

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arbex, S.T.; Neder, A.C.; Mattos Filho, T.R. de; Ramos, A.O.; Nascimento Filho, V.F. do

1981-01-01

The experiment had two groups: Group I - (six dogs) - 131 I was injected into the aqueous humour and the radioactivity was measured in the blood at 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 and 128 minutes after the administration. Group II - (eight animals) - 131 I was injected intravenously and the radioactivity was measured in the aqueous humour at 5 and 10 minutes after the administration. Each group was subdivided in two sub-groups, one of them besides the 131 I received 5 mg/Kg of prilocaine. 131 I in the iodite form was always injected in 0.1 ml volumes, corresponding to 312.5 μCi. The radioactivity was measured and the results were as follows: a) Group I - the prilocaine markedly decreased the radioactivity in the blood, suggesting a smaller passage of 131 I from the aqueous humour to the blood. b) Group II - the prilocaine increased the radioactivity in the aqueous humour, suggesting an accumulation of iodite in that compartment. (Author) [pt

Serum thyroid auto-antibody contents in GD patients developing hypothyroidism after 131I treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao Huiling; Sun Lijuan; Ji Xiaopeng; Zhao Ming

2004-01-01

Objective: To explore the auto-immune factors predisposing to developing hypothyroidism after 131 I treatment in patients with Graves' disease (GD). Methods: Eighty-eight GD patients treated with 131 I were followed for three years. These patients were of two groups: Group A (n=35), serum TGA, TMA, TRAb all positive before treatment; Group B (n=53) serum TGA, TMA negative but TRAb positive. Results: In Group A, 31.40% (n=11) of all the patients were hypothyroid three years after treatment. The result was much better in Group B, with only 3.8% (n=2) being hypothyroid. The difference was significant. Conclusion: GD patients with positive TGA, TMA were liable to develop hypothyroidism after 131 I treatment. Those patients should be treated with lesser amount of the drug accordingly

Therapy of hyperthyroidism with Na131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kakehi, Hirotake; Furukawa, Takashi; Fukakusa, Shunichi; Futonaka, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Yuji

1984-01-01

Forty one patients of hyperthyroidism were treated with Na 131 I. Men and women are in the ratio 1:3.1. The ages of patients are between twenties and sixties and the forties are the highest in number. The observation period of clinical courses is between 1 and 8 years. The number of patients observed over 5 years are 51% of them and over 2 years are 83%. The treatment frequency is as follows: On 37 cases each one was treated once with Na 131 I. 2 cases twice, 1 case at 4 times in 3 years and 1 case at 5 times in 6 years. The treatment doses are between 4,000-6,000 rad (40-60 Gray). In the cases treated with the irradiation dose of 6,000 rad, we often saw hypothyroidism. In cases aiming 4,000-5,000 rad, there is a tendency of leaving hyperthyroidism unrecovered. In conclusion, the patients should be treated giving 4,000-5,000 rad or with Na 131 I doses of 3-6mCi. If the effects of the treatment are insufficient, the patients should be further treated with anti-thyroid drug or treated again with Na 131 I. As the result, there are at present 25 cases (61.0%) in normal status of the thyroid gland, 12 cases (29.2%) in hyperthyroidism and 4 cases (9.8%) in hypothyroidism totaling 41 cases in all. (author)

Effect of thyroid auto-antibodies on hypothyroidism of adolescents with graves disease after 131I treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Xuemin; Wang Junqi; Qin Lan

2011-01-01

To investigate the effect of TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels in adolescents with Graves disease (GD) before 131 I treatment on the incidence of hypothyroidism after 131 I therapy. The total 264 adolescent with GD were treated with 131 I. All patients before the treatment were divided into A, B, C, D, E and F groups in accordance with the levels of TRAb and TPOAb in various combinations. The serum TSH, FT 3 , FT 4 , TRAb and TPOAb levels in all patients were measured after 131 I treatment. The incidence of hypothyroidism within three years were observed in each group. The results showed that the incidence of hypothyroidism in TRAb negative group was higher than that of positive group (χ 2 =4.67, P 2 =4.10, 4.34, 5.66, P 131 I therapy. It could be cautious in treatment of GD adolescents of TRAb negative and TPOAb positive with 131 I. (authors)

Lupus nephritis, pregnancy and rituximab

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrique Dorado

2017-04-01

Full Text Available La nefritis lúpica (NL proliferativa es una de las complicaciones más graves del LES. La respuesta terapéutica con los esquemas clásicos no existe en el 20 al 70% de los casos, siendo la amplitud de dicho rango explicada por variaciones étnicas, falta de consenso en la definición de remisión, diferencias en los tiempos de tratamiento, seguimiento y en la clase de NL. En presencia de NL recidivante o refractaria los tratamientos y el nivel de evidencia sobre su eficacia son más limitados. Rituximab es un anticuerpo monoclonal quimérico (ratón-humano dirigido contra el antígeno CD 20 localizado en la superficie celular de los linfocitos B. Estos participan en la patogénesis del LES a partir de su maduración en células plasmáticas, producción de anticuerpos, secreción de citoquinas proinflamatorias, presentación de autoantígenos a las células T y en la activación de células T. La administración de rituximab genera un rápido y sostenido descenso de los linfocitos B CD 20+ circulantes y una reducción de los títulos de auto-anticuerpos. Se reportó una disminución significativa en los niveles de antiDNA a partir de la semana 14 y de los niveles de IgM, sin compromiso de IgG ni de IgA. Se detectó droga activa en sangre periférica luego de la semana 24 de la última infusión. La depleción de linfocitos B se puede mantener por 6 meses, su reconstitución es heterogénea y puede tardar más de un año. Esta linfopenia selectiva tendría un valor predictivo de respuesta terapéutica, la remisión clínica prolongada tendría asociación con repoblación incompleta de células B de memoria varios años luego del tratamiento. En estudios observacionales realizados en pacientes con NL refractaria se reportó respuesta terapéutica con rituximab entre 67-77 % luego de 6 a 12 meses de seguimiento. Sin embargo los resultados del estudio Lupus Nephritis Assesment with Rituximab (LUNAR, randomizado controlado, a doble ciego

Four main virotypes among extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing isolates of Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131: bacterial, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

Blanco, Jorge; Mora, Azucena; Mamani, Rosalia; López, Cecilia; Blanco, Miguel; Dahbi, Ghizlane; Herrera, Alexandra; Marzoa, Juan; Fernández, Val; de la Cruz, Fernando; Martínez-Martínez, Luis; Alonso, María Pilar; Nicolas-Chanoine, Marie-Hélène; Johnson, James R; Johnston, Brian; López-Cerero, Lorena; Pascual, Alvaro; Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús

2013-10-01

A total of 1,021 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) isolates obtained in 2006 during a Spanish national survey conducted in 44 hospitals were analyzed for the presence of the O25b:H4-B2-ST131 (sequence type 131) clonal group. Overall, 195 (19%) O25b-ST131 isolates were detected, with prevalence rates ranging from 0% to 52% per hospital. Molecular characterization of 130 representative O25b-ST131 isolates showed that 96 (74%) were positive for CTX-M-15, 15 (12%) for CTX-M-14, 9 (7%) for SHV-12, 6 (5%) for CTX-M-9, 5 (4%) for CTX-M-32, and 1 (0.7%) each for CTX-M-3 and the new ESBL enzyme CTX-M-103. The 130 O25b-ST131 isolates exhibited relatively high virulence scores (mean, 14.4 virulence genes). Although the virulence profiles of the O25b-ST131 isolates were fairly homogeneous, they could be classified into four main virotypes based on the presence or absence of four distinctive virulence genes: virotypes A (22%) (afa FM955459 positive, iroN negative, ibeA negative, sat positive or negative), B (31%) (afa FM955459 negative, iroN positive, ibeA negative, sat positive or negative), C (32%) (afa FM955459 negative, iroN negative, ibeA negative, sat positive), and D (13%) (afa FM955459 negative, iroN positive or negative, ibeA positive, sat positive or negative). The four virotypes were also identified in other countries, with virotype C being overrepresented internationally. Correspondingly, an analysis of XbaI macrorestriction profiles revealed four major clusters, which were largely virotype specific. Certain epidemiological and clinical features corresponded with the virotype. Statistically significant virotype-specific associations included, for virotype B, older age and a lower frequency of infection (versus colonization), for virotype C, a higher frequency of infection, and for virotype D, younger age and community-acquired infections. In isolates of the O25b:H4-B2-ST131 clonal group, these findings uniquely define four main

The interactions among impact factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy of Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Peng; Tan Jian; Zhang Guizhi; He Yajing; Dong Feng; Wang Renfei; Xiao Qian

2011-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the possible interactions among different impact factors possibly affecting the treatment efficacy of 131 I in Graves' disease (GD). Methods: Six hundred and thirty two GD patients that had been treated by 131 I, with or without antithyroid drugs (ATD), were included in this study. The impact factors were pre-defined as age (x 1 ), sex (x 2 ), mass of thyroid (x 3 ), course of disease (x 4 ), initial symptom (x 5 ), condition of disease (x 6 ), ATD treatment duration (x 7 ), effective half life time (x 8 ), maximum 131 I uptake rate (x 9 ), total dose of 131 I (x 10 ), dose of 131 I per gram of thyroid (x 11 ), TRAb (x 12 ), TSI (x 13 ), TgAb (x 14 ), and thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb) level (x 15 ). Interactions among different impact factors were studied by t-test, χ 2 test and multi-variant logistic regression. Results: Age, mass of thyroid, ATD treatment duration, maximum 131 I uptake rate, dose of 131 I per gram of thyroid tissue and TSI level were identified as independent impact factors affecting the 131 I treatment efficacy on GD (χ 2 =6.908, t=-4.063, χ 2 =13.558, t=-2.553, t=4.528, χ 2 =9.716, all P 131 I uptake rate (likelihood χ 2 =8.176, P>0.05; F=2.928, 1.992, 2.629, 2.215, all P 131 I treatment, which might guide the prescription of 131 I dosage for GD treatment. (authors)

Modified-Release Recombinant Human TSH (MRrhTSH) Augments the Effect of 131I Therapy in Benign Multinodular Goiter: Results from a Multicenter International, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Graf, H; Fast, S; Pacini, F

2011-01-01

of the trachea; thyroid function tests; Thyroid Quality of Life Questionnaire; electrocardiogram; and hyperthyroid symptom scale. Results: Thyroid volume decreased significantly in all groups. The reduction was comparable in groups A and B (23.1 ± 8.8 and 23.3 ± 16.5%, respectively; P = 0.95). In group C......, the reduction (32.9 ± 20.7%) was more pronounced than in groups A (P = 0.03) and B. The smallest cross-sectional area of the trachea increased in all groups: 3.8 ± 2.9% in A, 4.8 ± 3.3% in B, and 10.2 ± 33.2% in C, with no significant difference among the groups. Goiter-related symptoms were effectively reduced...... and there were no major safety concerns. Conclusion: In this dose-selection study, 0.03 mg MRrhTSH was the most efficacious dose as an adjuvant to (131)I therapy of MG. It was well tolerated and significantly augmented the effect of (131)I therapy in the short term. Larger studies with long-term follow...

Computer-aided pathophysiological analysis of 131I rose bengal hepatogram

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumoto, Akira

1976-01-01

The author analysed 131 I-rose bengal (R.B.) hepatograms over the liver region using digital simulation technique to determine the hepatobiliary functions separately and to compare the rate constants obtained from the kinetic model and the results obtained from conventional liver function tests. A total of 112 cases were observed including various liver and gallbladder diseases and 8 normal subjects. Fasting patients were given intravenous injections of 300 μCi of 131 I-R.B. Hepatic uptake and excretion of radioactivity were measured for 120 minutes using a gamma camera. Two regions, one over the right lobe and the other over the gallbladder, were studied. The author applied a 3 compartment analysis to the 131 I-R.B. hepatogram. Measured 131 I-R.B. hepatogram was printed out on a line printer with curve pattern indices. Assumed rate constants and relative volume indices were placed on punch cards. Computer-aided simulation curves were printed on a line printer with curve pattern indices. The measured hepatogram and the simulated hepatogram were compared. The blood flow index (K 21 ), the hepatocellular function index (K 32 ) and the intrahepatic biliary excretion index (K 03 ) were obtained with the schematic presentation of the curves. Rate constants from the kinetic model correlated well with conventional liver function tests. In normal liver and hepatobiliary diseases, there were high statistical correlations between K 21 and Ksub(L) 131 I-R.B. Retention (%), between K 32 and Cholinesterase, and between K 03 and Alkaliphosphatase. However, there was a low statistical correlation between the results of the simulation study and the results of liver function tests in the cases of obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic cholestasis. (Evans, J.)

An analysis of the dose and the therapeutic effect of 131I in treating youngsters with Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jia; Qin Lan; Ren Zhong; Zhang Youping

2010-01-01

Objective: To analyses the clinical data of 131 I in treating youngsters with Graves disease, and to explore the effective dose range which is appropriate for Chinese youngsters with Graves disease. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-four youngsters with Graves disease were selected in this study, their ages were between 8 and 17, the average quality of their thyroids was (59.0±16.5)g. According to the absorbed dose of 131 I per gram of thyroid gland, 234 patients were divided into five groups: A: 1.11- 2.59 MBq/g. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by observing after treatment. And calculate the recovery rate, the improvement rate and the incidence rate of hypothyroidism. Results: (1) One hundred and fifty-two (64.95%) patients were cured, 56 (23.93%) were much better than before and 26 (11.11%) were hypothyroid. The therapeutic effect of group B was the best in all groups. (2) The recovery rate: there was no significant difference between group B, group C and group D (χ 2 =2.68, P>0.05). The recovery rate of group B was better than group A and group E (χ 2 =10.20 and χ 2 =5.49, P 2 =1.94, P>0.05). The improvement rate of group A was the highest (χ 2 =8.74, χ 2 =6.68, χ 2 =7.01 and χ 2 =11.12, P 2 =2.71, P>0.05). Group E had the highest incidence rate of hypothyroidism (χ 2 =12.36, χ = 11.58, χ 2 =9.37 and χ 2 =4.36, P 131 I is a safe and effective therapeutic approach for youngsters with Graves disease. We suggest the absorbed dose range of 131 I per gram of thyroid gland is 1.48-2.59 MBq/g, which can obtain the better therapeutic effect and can't increase the incidence rate of hypothyroidism. (authors)

Factors predlisposing to developing early hypothyroidism after 131I therapy in patients with Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Mingfeng; Wen Chijun; Qian Hong

2006-01-01

Objective: To explore the clinical meanings of changes of serum TRAb, TGA, TMA contents during treatment of Graves' disease with 131 I, especially in those patients developing early hypothyroidism. Methods: Serum levels of TRAb, TGA, TMA, TSH, T 3 , T 4 were measured in 167 patients with Graves' disease both before and six months after mi therapy. Results: Six months after 131 I treatment, the original 167 patients could be divided into three groups based apon their thyroid ruction statas: Group A, improved but remained hyperthyroid, n=91, Group B, enthyroid, n=48, Group C, developing early hypothyroidism, n=28. Average age in Group C (hypothyroid) was significantly lower than that in Group A (hyperthyroid) (P 131 I treatment in younger patients. (2) Patients with high TRAb levels before 131 I therapy were less likely to be rendered enthyroid after a single course of treatment while those with low TRAb levels were easily rendered hypothyroid. (3) Development of hypothyroidism after 131 I treatment was closely related to the increase of TGA, TMA levels. (authors)

Breast cancer following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoffman, D.A.; McConahey, W.M.

1983-01-01

A retrospective cohort study of women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic between 1946 and 1964 was conducted to determine if 1,005 women treated with ( 131 I) were at increased risk of breast cancer compared with 2,141 women traced, and a response (death certificate or questionnaire) was received for 99% of the traced women. The average duration of follow-up was 15 years for the 131 I-treated women and 21 years for women treated surgically. No increased risk of breast cancer was observed in the 131 I-treated women (adjusted relative risk . 0.8). No patterns were found of increased breast cancer risk by age at first treatment, by time since treatment, or by total exposure to 131 I. Failure to detect an increased risk of breast cancer in the 131 I-treated women was attributed to the moderately low doses from 131 I therapy and the relatively small number of exposed women. The study also failed to find any increased risk of breast cancer associated with hyperthyroidism

Prophylaxis of hepatitis B reactivation using lamivudine in a patient receiving rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Hamaki, T; Kami, M; Kusumi, E; Ueyama, J; Miyakoshi, S; Morinaga, S; Mutou, Y

2001-12-01

A 53-year-old man who had a history of fluminant hepatitis caused by precore mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in July 2000. At admission, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were normal, but he tested positive for HBs antigen. The titer was 64-fold by radioimmunoassay. We initiated lamivudine at a daily dose of 75 mg to prevent HBV proliferation during chemotherapy. By September 2000, he had received six courses of rituximab at 375 mg/m(2) and four courses of fludarabine and mitoxantrone. No hepatic damage was observed from the initiation of treatment until March 2001. At present, four months after the completion of chemotherapy, he continues lamivudine, and the titer of HBs antigen is low at 4-fold. Rituximab is usually associated with mild toxicity, usually limited to infusion periods. The drug is not generally associated with increased incidence of opportunistic infections. However, some case reports have been recently published on severe viral infections following administration of rituximab. These include fluminant hepatitis caused by HBV, pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 and fatal varicella-zoster infection. While it remains unknown whether rituximab can be safely administered in patients with chronic HBV infection, this case report suggested that prophylactic administration of lamivudine is beneficial for suppressing reactivation of HBV during chemotherapy including rituximab. Rituximab should be used cautiously for patients with HBV infection, but prophylactic administration of lamivudine may be beneficial for preventing reactivation of HBV. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Clinical evaluation of 131I in treatment hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Jing; Deng Jinglan; Qiao Hongqing

2001-01-01

The clinical value of 131 I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism is observed. The weight of the thyroid was evaluated by palpation, 131 I was taken orally by one dose method. The dose was calculated by actual absorption of 131 I/per gram of thyroid. 3 - 6 months after drug administration, the symptom, clinical manifestation and the serum hormone of the pituitary-hypothyroid axis were observed. In 105 cases, 80(76.2%) were nearly recovered, among them 16(15.2%) had hypothyroidism in the early period. The all over recovering rate was 91.4% in one dose, but 9(8.6%) were recurred and can be controlled at a second dose. Therefore 131 I for the hyperthyroidism had a high recovering rate, low recurring rate and was very convenient. If prospect on the Chinese effort the controlled, the occurrence of hypothyroidism can be reduced to the acceptable level

Rituximab does not reset defective early B cell tolerance checkpoints

Science.gov (United States)

Chamberlain, Nicolas; Massad, Christopher; Oe, Tyler; Cantaert, Tineke; Herold, Kevan C.; Meffre, Eric

2015-01-01

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients show abnormalities in early B cell tolerance checkpoints, resulting in the accumulation of large numbers of autoreactive B cells in their blood. Treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 mAb that depletes B cells, has been shown to preserve β cell function in T1D patients and improve other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, it remains largely unknown how anti–B cell therapy thwarts autoimmunity in these pathologies. Here, we analyzed the reactivity of Abs expressed by single, mature naive B cells from 4 patients with T1D before and 52 weeks after treatment to determine whether rituximab resets early B cell tolerance checkpoints. We found that anti–B cell therapy did not alter the frequencies of autoreactive and polyreactive B cells, which remained elevated in the blood of all patients after rituximab treatment. Moreover, the limited proliferative history of autoreactive B cells after treatment revealed that these clones were newly generated B cells and not self-reactive B cells that had escaped depletion and repopulated the periphery through homeostatic expansion. We conclude that anti–B cell therapy may provide a temporary dampening of autoimmune processes through B cell depletion. However, repletion with autoreactive B cells may explain the relapse that occurs in many autoimmune patients after anti–B cell therapy. PMID:26642366

Sandwich iridium complexes with the monoanionic carborane ligand [9-SMe2-7,8-C2B9H10]-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loginov, D.A.; Vinogradov, M.M.; Perekalin, D.S.; Starikova, Z.A.; Lysenko, K.A.; Petrovskij, P.V.; Kudinov, A.R.

2006-01-01

The reaction of the [(η-9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 )IrBr 2 ] 2 complex with Tl[Tl(η-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 11 )] afforded the iridacarborane compound (η-9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 )Ir(η-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 11 ). The cationic complex [Cp*Ir(η-9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 )] + PF 6 - (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) was synthesized by the reaction of [Cp*IrCl 2 ] 2 with Na[9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 ]. The structures of (η-9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 )Ir(η-cod) (cod is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and [Cp*Ir(η-9-SMe 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 ]PF 6 were established by X-ray diffraction [ru

Analysis of changes in the percentage of B (CD19) and T (CD3) lymphocytes, nk cells, subsets CD4, CD8 in differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with iodine-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Quanyong; Yu Yongli; Chen Libo; Lu Hankui; Zhu Ruisen

2004-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the changes in the percentage of B (CD19) and T (CD3) lymphocytes, NK cells, subsets CD4, CD8 in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) who received iodine-131 for therapeutic purposes. Methods: In this study, 102 DTC patients were divided into three groups. Group A, 8 cases received 1850 MBq of iodine-131 for the remnant thyroid ablation. Group B, 43 cases received 3700 MBq of iodine-131 for the treatment of cervical lymph node metastasis. Group C, 51 cases received 7400 MBq of iodine-131 for remote metastasis. All patients were in a hypothyroid state at the time of administration of iodine-131 and resumed L-thyroxine (2μg/Kg/day) 5 days after iodine-131 administration. The percentage of B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, subsets CD4, CD8 in peripheral blood were serially analyzed at baseline and at days 7, 30 and 90 after iodine-131 administration using a Coulter EPICS XL cytometer. Ten healthy individuals were used as a control group for lymphocyte subset values. Results: Comparing the basal lymphocyte subset levels in groups A, B and C with the control group, only NK cells showed significantly higher levels in patients than in controls (P=0.043). In group A, only the percentage of NK cells (P=0.031) and B cells (P =0.024) were reduced at day 7. In group B, a decrease in the percentage of NK cells at days 7(P=0.005), 30 (P=0.021) was observed, while a significant decrease in the percentage of B cells was only observed at day 7(P=0.006). Among T cells, only CD4+ was obviously affected, resulting in a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio at day 30 (P=0.034). In group C, patients showed a decrease in the percentage of NK cells at days 7 (P=0.023), 30 (P=0.006). A decrease in the percentage of both B and T lymphocytes was observed at days 7(P=0.020, 0.018 respectively), 30(P=0.041, 0.025 respectively). Among T cells, a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ and an increase in the percentage of CD8+ were observed, resulting in a marked

Clinical study of 1003 cases with Graves' disease treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Qinfen; Zhang Chenggang; Zhao Xiaobin; Shi Longbao

2005-01-01

Objective: To explore the treatment effects of individual 131 I dose treatment of Graves' disease. Methods: Graves' disease patients were given individual 131 I dose ( 131 I MBq/per gram thyroid tissue), which ranged at 1.48-4.07 MBq/g. A total of 1003 cases (76.9%) were successfully followed up. The mean administered dose of 131 I was (329.3 ± 307.1, 44.4-3700) MBq. The term of follow-up was (16.4 ± 10.0, 3.0-44.7) months. Results: After one dose 131 I treatment, 593 patients (59.1%) were with euthyroid, 200 patients (19.9%) hypothyroidism, 190 patients (18.9%) were partially remitted, 20 patients (2.0%) showed no changes; 259 patients (25.8%) suffered from early hypothyroidism, 88 patients were with transient hypothyroidism. Logistic stepwise regression analysis revealed that hard thyroid texture was a risk factor for developing early hypothyroidism, whereas large goiter was a protective factor for developing permanent hypothyroidism. Partial-correlations analysis showed that curative effects correlated negatively with the weight of goiter mass, the course of disease and the use of antithyroid drugs (ATD). After 131 I treatment, for 195 patients (41.7%) the ophthalmopathy was cured, 155 patients (33.1%) were partially remitted, 105 patients (22.4%) showed no effects, 13 patients (2.8%)were deteriorated. For 56 patients (77.8%) their hyperthyroid heart disease was cured, 10 patients(13.9%) were partially remitted, 6 patients (8.3%) were of no effects. For 60 patients (85.7%) periodic paralysis associated with thyrotoxicosis were cured, 2 patients (2.9%) were partially remitted, 8 patients (11.4%) were of no effects. Of 249 patients with large goiter (≥90 g), 219 cases (88.0%) were completely remitted. Conclusions: The individual 131 I dose treatment for Graves' disease exerts good therapeutic efficiencies. 131 I treatment for ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease and Graves' disease with lager goiter is effective and safe. (authors)

Analysis of pelvic 131I uptake after 131I whole body scan in patients with thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kou Ying; Liu Jianzhong; Hao Xinzhong; Wu Lixiang; Lu Keyi; Yang Suyun; Shi Xiaoli; Hu Tingting

2014-01-01

Objective: To analyze and explore the possible mechanism for pelvic 131 I uptake after 131 I post treatment whole body scan (Rx-WBS)in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: (1) Data were retrospectively reviewed from 168 female patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (everyone has a Rx-WBS). (2) 46 patients were accepted by analyzing the characteristics of Rx-WBS and combing with some inclusion criteria,and then followed up. Results: Among the 46 patients (46 positions accumulated 131 I) with significant pelvic 131 I uptake, 6 patients had two reasons leading to pelvic 131 I uptake, and 2 patients had no specific reason. Among the 50 reasons for pelvic 131 I uptake, 41 reasons related with uterus, 3 reasons related to rectum, 5 related to bladder and 1 related to ovarian chocolate cyst. Among the 41 reasons related to uterus, by combining the examinations of SPECT/CT, ultrasound, CT and the follow-up results, 18 were uterine leiomyomas, 9 were intrauterine devices, 2 were endometrial thickening, 3 were uterine cavity effusion, 7 were menstrual periods, 1 were uterine adenomyosis, 1 were gestational sac. Conclusions: (1) In the Rx-WBS of female, the significant pelvic 131 I uptake is generally caused by uterus, but not bladder. And it usually means gynecological disease, especially uterine leiomyomas when excluding physiological factors. (2) It is generally easy to differentiate bladder from rectum because they have different characteristic features of the pelvic 131 I uptake. (3) SPECT/CT plays a very important role in locating 131 I uptake in uterus. (authors)

Long-term safety of rituximab induced peripheral B-cell depletion in autoimmune neurological diseases.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anza B Memon

Full Text Available B-cells play a pivotal role in several autoimmune diseases, including patients with immune-mediated neurological disorders (PIMND, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO, multiple sclerosis (MS, and myasthenia gravis (MG. Targeting B-cells has been an effective approach in ameliorating both central and peripheral autoimmune diseases. However, there is a paucity of literature on the safety of continuous B-cell depletion over a long period of time.The aim of this study was to examine the long-term safety, incidence of infections, and malignancies in subjects receiving continuous therapy with a B-cell depleting agent rituximab over at least 3 years or longer.This was a retrospective study involving PIMND who received continuous cycles of rituximab infusions every 6 to 9 months for up to 7 years. The incidence of infection related adverse events (AE, serious adverse events (SAE, and malignancies were observed.There were a total of 32 AE and 4 SAE with rituximab treatment. The 3 SAE were noted after 9 cycles (48 months and 1 SAE was observed after 11 cycles (60 months of rituximab. There were no cases of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML and malignancies observed throughout the treatment period. Rituximab was well tolerated without any serious infusion reactions. Also, rituximab was found to be beneficial in treating PIMND over a 7-year period.This study demonstrates that long-term depletion of peripheral B-cells appears safe and efficacious in treating PIMND. Longer and larger prospective studies with rituximab are needed to carefully ascertain risks associated with chronic B-cell depletion, including malignancies. Recognizing that this is a small, retrospective study, such data nonetheless complement the growing literature documenting the safety and tolerability of B-cell depleting agents in neurological diseases.

Prespecified candidate biomarkers identify follicular lymphoma patients who achieved longer progression-free survival with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Coiffier, Bertrand; Li, Weimin; Henitz, Erin D; Karkera, Jayaprakash D; Favis, Reyna; Gaffney, Dana; Shapiro, Alice; Theocharous, Panteli; Elsayed, Yusri A; van de Velde, Helgi; Schaffer, Michael E; Osmanov, Evgenii A; Hong, Xiaonan; Scheliga, Adriana; Mayer, Jiri; Offner, Fritz; Rule, Simon; Teixeira, Adriana; Romejko-Jarosinska, Joanna; de Vos, Sven; Crump, Michael; Shpilberg, Ofer; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Cakana, Andrew; Esseltine, Dixie-Lee; Mulligan, George; Ricci, Deborah

2013-05-01

Identify subgroups of patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma deriving substantial progression-free survival (PFS) benefit with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab in the phase III LYM-3001 study. A total of 676 patients were randomized to five 5-week cycles of bortezomib-rituximab or rituximab. The primary end point was PFS; this prespecified analysis of candidate protein biomarkers and genes was an exploratory objective. Archived tumor tissue and whole blood samples were collected at baseline. Immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses were completed for 4 proteins and 8 genes. In initial pairwise analyses, using individual single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, one biomarker pair (PSMB1 P11A C/G heterozygote, low CD68 expression) was associated with a significant PFS benefit with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab, controlling for multiple comparison corrections. The pair was analyzed under dominant, recessive, and additive genetic models, with significant association with PFS seen under the dominant model (G/G+C/G). In patients carrying this biomarker pair [PSMB1 P11A G allele, low CD68 expression (≤50 CD68-positive cells), population frequency: 43.6%], median PFS was 14.2 months with bortezomib-rituximab versus 9.1 months with rituximab (HR 0.47, P < 0.0001), and there was a significant overall survival benefit (HR 0.49, P = 0.0461). Response rates were higher and time to next antilymphoma therapy was longer in the bortezomib-rituximab group. In biomarker-negative patients, no significant efficacy differences were seen between treatment groups. Similar proportions of patients had high-risk features in the biomarker-positive and biomarker-negative subsets. Patients with PSMB1 P11A (G allele) and low CD68 expression seemed to have significantly longer PFS and greater clinical benefit with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab. ©2013 AACR.

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugiyama, Hiroyuki; Shimada, Hideto; Senzaki, Shigeki; Takahashi, Takayuki; Horiuchi, Tetsuo; Hoshino, Takashi

1982-01-01

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years after 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism is described. The patient, a man, was diagnosed as Hashitoxicosis in 1971 when ha was 62 years old, and was treated with 8 mCi of 131 I followed by antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, without significant effect. In May 1979, he returned with complaints of malaise and loss of weight. Hematological examinations revealed pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia with marked increase in myeloblasts, which suggested he was in a state of hypoplastic leukemia. Two months later, however, he developed an overt type of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy was given without success to induce complete remission, and the patient died of pneumonia in November, 1979. (J.P.N.)

Case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years following /sup 131/I therapy for hyperthyroidism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, H.; Shimada, H.; Senzaki, S.; Takahashi, T.; Horiuchi, T.; Hoshino, T. (Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Medicine)

1982-03-01

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years after /sup 131/I therapy for hyperthyroidism is described. The patient, a man, was diagnosed as Hashitoxicosis in 1971 when ha was 62 years old, and was treated with 8 mCi of /sup 131/I followed by antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, without significant effect. In May 1979, he returned with complaints of malaise and loss of weight. Hematological examinations revealed pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia with marked increase in myeloblasts, which suggested he was in a state of hypoplastic leukemia. Two months later, however, he developed an overt type of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy was given without success to induce complete remission, and the patient died of pneumonia in November, 1979.

Imaging and measuring the rituximab-induced changes of mechanical properties in B-lymphoma cells using atomic force microscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Mi [State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Liu, Lianqing, E-mail: lqliu@sia.cn [State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Xi, Ning, E-mail: xin@egr.msu.edu [State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Wang, Yuechao; Dong, Zaili [State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Tabata, Osamu [Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan); Xiao, Xiubin [Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100071 (China); Zhang, Weijing, E-mail: zhangwj3072@163.com [Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100071 (China)

2011-01-14

Research highlights: {yields} Single B-lymphoma living cells were imaged by AFM with the assistance of microfabricated pillars. {yields} The apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells triggered by rituximab without cross-linking was observed by AO/EB double fluorescent staining. {yields} The B-lymphoma cells became dramatically softer after adding rituximab. -- Abstract: The topography and mechanical properties of single B-lymphoma cells have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). With the assistance of microfabricated patterned pillars, the surface topography and ultrastructure of single living B-lymphoma cell were visualized by AFM. The apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells induced by rituximab alone was observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double fluorescent staining. The rituximab-induced changes of mechanical properties in B-lymphoma cells were measured dynamically and the results showed that B-lymphoma cells became dramatically softer after incubation with rituximab. These results can improve our understanding of rituximab'effect and will facilitate the further investigation of the underlying mechanisms.

Iodine-131 treatment of thyroid cancer cells leads to suppression of cell proliferation followed by induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulation of B-cell translocation gene 2-mediated JNK/NF-κB pathways

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, L.M.; Pang, A.X., E-mail: zhaoliming515@126.com [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi People' s Hospital, Linyi (China); Department of Urology, Linyi People' s Hospital, Linyi (China)

2017-10-01

Iodine-131 ({sup 131}I) is widely used for the treatment of thyroid-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the expression of p53 and BTG2 genes following {sup 131}I therapy in thyroid cancer cell line SW579 and the possible underlying mechanism. SW579 human thyroid squamous carcinoma cells were cultured and treated with {sup 131}I. They were then assessed for {sup 131}I uptake, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, p53 expression, and BTG2 gene expression. SW579 cells were transfected with BTG2 siRNA, p53 siRNA and siNC and were then examined for the same aforementioned parameters. When treated with a JNK inhibitor of SP600125 and {sup 131}I or with a NF-kB inhibitor of BMS-345541 and {sup 131}I, non-transfected SW579 cells were assessed in JNK/NFkB pathways. It was observed that {sup 131}I significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Both BTG2 and p53 expression were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in cell viability by up-regulation in Bcl2 gene, a decrease in apoptosis by enhanced CDK2 gene expression and a decrease in cell cycle arrest at G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} phase were also observed in SW579 cell lines transfected with silenced BTG2 gene. When treated with SP600125 and {sup 131}I, the non transfected SW579 cell lines significantly inhibited JNK pathway, NF-kB pathway and the expression of BTG2. However, when treated with BMS-345541 and {sup 131}I, only the NF-kB pathway was suppressed. {sup 131}I suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and promoted cell cycle arrest of thyroid cancer cells by up-regulating B-cell translocation gene 2-mediated activation of JNK/NF--κB pathways. (author)

A prospective study of long-term results and the red blood cell immune adherence function following 131I treatment of Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Zengjun; Ma Yuqin; Liu Junqing; Zhang Xia

2003-01-01

Objective: To observe the long-term curative effect and red blood cell immune function in patients with Graves' Disease (GD) after radioactive iodine ( 131 I) treatment. Methods: To observe the hyperthyroid symptoms, physical signs and to measure the concentration of FT3, FT4, FSH by radioimmunoassay, the percent of RBC-C 3b R-YR(%), RBC-IC-YR(%). Results: Patients with GD treated by 131 I after three month, these hyperthyroid symptoms, Physical signs are alleviated and even vanished in patients who were treated by 131 I after 1.5 years, RBC-C 3b R-YR(%) are normal in all patients, but RBC-IC-YR(%) are higher than before treatment with 131 I, then become lower after three months, treatment by 131 I but they were higher than those in normal group, when treated with 131 I after 1.5 years, RBC-IC-YR(%) are normal, the relationship between RBC-C 3b R-YR(%) and RBC-IC-YR(%) are positively interacted. Conclusion: The 131 I treatment produces a good rapid curative effect for GD patients, the disorder state of the red cell immune adherence system is rapidly corrected and this effect is unidirectional. So RBC-C 3b R-YR(%), RBC-IC-YR(%) are the useful predictors of GD remission and their relationship, RBC-IC-YR(%) are helpful in explaining the mechanism of radioactive iodine therapy and are the predictors of GD remission after 131 I treatment

Computer-aided pathophysiological analysis of /sup 131/I rose bengal hepatogram

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsumoto, A [Kobe Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine

1976-06-01

The author analysed /sup 131/I-rose bengal (R.B.) hepatograms over the liver region using digital simulation technique to determine the hepatobiliary functions separately and to compare the rate constants obtained from the kinetic model and the results obtained from conventional liver function tests. A total of 112 cases were observed including various liver and gallbladder diseases and 8 normal subjects. Fasting patients were given intravenous injections of 300 ..mu..Ci of /sup 131/I-R.B. Hepatic uptake and excretion of radioactivity were measured for 120 minutes using a gamma camera. Two regions, one over the right lobe and the other over the gallbladder, were studied. The author applied a 3 compartment analysis to the /sup 131/I-R.B. hepatogram. Measured /sup 131/I-R.B. hepatogram was printed out on a line printer with curve pattern indices. Assumed rate constants and relative volume indices were placed on punch cards. Computer-aided simulation curves were printed on a line printer with curve pattern indices. The measured hepatogram and the simulated hepatogram were compared. The blood flow index (K/sub 21/), the hepatocellular function index (K/sub 32/) and the intrahepatic biliary excretion index (K/sub 03/) were obtained with the schematic presentation of the curves. Rate constants from the kinetic model correlated well with conventional liver function tests. In normal liver and hepatobiliary diseases, there were high statistical correlations between K/sub 21/ and Ksub(L) /sup 131/I-R.B. Retention (%), between K/sub 32/ and Cholinesterase, and between K/sub 03/ and Alkaliphosphatase. However, there was a low statistical correlation between the results of the simulation study and the results of liver function tests in the cases of obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic cholestasis.

Fragmentation of the CRISPR-Cas Type I-B signature protein Cas8b.

Science.gov (United States)

Richter, Hagen; Rompf, Judith; Wiegel, Julia; Rau, Kristina; Randau, Lennart

2017-11-01

CRISPR arrays are transcribed into long precursor RNA species, which are further processed into mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). Cas proteins utilize these crRNAs, which contain spacer sequences that can be derived from mobile genetic elements, to mediate immunity during a reoccurring virus infection. Type I CRISPR-Cas systems are defined by the presence of different Cascade interference complexes containing large and small subunits that play major roles during target DNA selection. Here, we produce the protein and crRNA components of the Type I-B CRISPR-Cas complex of Clostridium thermocellum and Methanococcus maripaludis. The C. thermocellum Cascade complexes were reconstituted and analyzed via size-exclusion chromatography. Activity of the heterologous M. maripaludis CRISPR-Cas system was followed using phage lambda plaques assays. The reconstituted Type-I-B Cascade complex contains Cas7, Cas5, Cas6b and the large subunit Cas8b. Cas6b can be omitted from the reconstitution protocol. The large subunit Cas8b was found to be represented by two tightly associated protein fragments and a small C-terminal Cas8b segment was identified in recombinant complexes and C. thermocellum cell lysate. Production of Cas8b generates a small C-terminal fragment, which is suggested to fulfill the role of the missing small subunit. A heterologous, synthetic M. maripaludis Type I-B system is active in E. coli against phage lambda, highlighting a potential for genome editing using endogenous Type-I-B CRISPR-Cas machineries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative study of 131I with 131I plus lithium carbonate in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang Yuguo; Kuang Anren; Guan Changtian

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effects of lithium carbonate on serum TSH, FT 3 , FT 4 and thyroid mass volume in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism treated with 131 I. Methods: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed, untreated Graves' disease (GD) and nonsevere or absent Graves' ophthalmopathy, were randomly assigned to group 1 and group 2. The 1st group was treated with 131 I therapy only, the 2nd group with 131 I plus lithium carbonate. All subjects were evaluated for changes in serum TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 as well as thyroid mass volume at the 7, 14, 30 d after 131 I therapy. Differences between the two groups in thyroid mass volume, serum FT 4 , FT 3 , and TSH levels at each interval were evaluated by ANCOVA. Results: Serum FT 4 and FT 3 levels increased shortly after 131 I therapy only in group 1, and decreased in group 2. The differences of serum FT 3 and FT 4 levels between the two groups were significant. Conclusion: It is important for GD patients to accept lithium carbonate treatment and 131 I therapy simultaneously in order to decrease the serum FT 3 and FT 4 levels caused by 131 I therapy

Comparison of thyroid uptake of 131I capsule and solution in rabbits and graves disease patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Xinjian; Li Fang; Lu Jingqiao; Chen Daming; Zhang Ruilin

2002-01-01

Objective: To observe the difference between thyroid uptake rates (TUR) of 131 I capsule and solution in rabbits and Graves disease patients. Methods: Part one: 6 rabbits randomized into two groups received capsule or solution of 131 I 7.4 MBq. Then with SPECT scintigraphy 2,4,6 and 24 h thyroid pure counts in percentage of stomach counts (first frame) were determined. Part two: 1) Measured 131 I capsule standard. 2) 104 patients with Graves disease were administered tracing and therapeutic dose of 131 I capsule (capsule group), 118 of 131 I solution (solution group). Compared the tracing and therapeutic 131 I TUR at 24 h. Results: Part one: There were no significant difference at 2,4,6,24 h TUR between capsule and solution group. For 1 case the maximum TUR was at 6 h in capsule group and 2 cases in solution groups. Part two: 1) For the 131 I capsule administered immediately after being dissolved in 30 mL of water, the activity counts measured were higher by (13.8 +- 2.8)% than it was administered directly, t8.97, P 0.05) and in solution group were (71.3 +- 12.3)% and (65.1 +- 13.0)% (t = 3.82, P 131 I capsule standard should be dissolved before being measured. 3) 131 I capsules can be used as a standard formulation for Graves disease patients. 4) The dose of 131 I should be increased as tracer TUR is larger than 80.0%

131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izumi, Motomori; Morimoto, Isao; Yamashita, Shunichi; Hirayu, Hideshi; Nagataki, Shigenobu

1988-01-01

A newly developed radiopharmaceutical agent, 131 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) has been reported to be very useful for locating pheochromocytoma and to be specific for pheochromocytoma and safe for humans. The first 131 I-MIBG scintiscanning in Japan which has been carried out in our clinic and the analysis of clinical experience of 131 I-MIBG scanning in Japan are presented

Changes of serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels after treatment with 131I-17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in VX2 rabbit models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Wen; Liu Lu; Zhou Yun

2007-01-01

Objective: To study the influence of 131 I-17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin( 131 I-17-AAG) therapy on immune function in VX2 rabbit models with transplanted liver cancer. Methods: Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels were measured with RIA in 8 VX2 rabbit models with transplanted liver cancer 1-2 weeks after 10mCi 131 I-17-AAG treatment as well as in 8 controls rabbits (models with tumor but without treatment). Results: 1 week after 10mCi 131 I treatment, the serum IL - 2 and IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in the treated rabbits than those in controls (P 0.05). Serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the treated rabbits (both at 1 and 2 week) were not significantly different from those in controls (P>0.05). Conclusion: 131 I-17-AAG treatment had transient effects on cellular immunity with no influence on humoral immunity. As a whole, it is a safe to treat VX2 rabbit models with this preparation. (authors)

Design and construction of the equipment and obtention process of TeO2 for the 131 I production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alanis M, J.

2000-09-01

This project was carried out in the National Institute of Nuclear Research, Nuclear Center of Mexico (ININ), with the name 'A New Method to Obtain 131 I by Neutron Irradiation of TeO 2 and it Dry Distillation'. This work establishes the optimal parameters to produce 131 I by neutron irradiation and foundry of TeO 2 sinterized. The TeO 2 of high purity was produced adding HNO 3 to the metallic tellurium (Merck 8100) and heating several samples to different temperatures until dryness in presence of an air current. The optimal conditions of temperature and reaction velocity were obtained, as well as of drying and sintering, to obtain TeO 2 crystals with high purity able to retain the 131 I produced by the radioactive decay. After drying and purified by the heating, the TeO 2 was sinterized, applying a next temperature to it melting point by few minutes, enough to create cavities in the middle of it crystalline structure, where the 131 I in gas form produced by the decay of the 131 Te it is retained, one time that the TeO 2 is bombarded with thermal neutrons in the nuclear reactor. Then, the reactions 130 Te(n, γ) 131 Te m (t 1/2 = 30 h) and 130 Te(n, γ) 131 Te (t 1/2 = 24.8 m) with an optimal irradiation time of 2.5 h. (Author)

Development of DOTA-Rituximab to be Labeled with 90Y for Radioimmunotherapy of B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Science.gov (United States)

Johari doha, Fariba; Rahmani, Siyavash; Rikhtechi, Pedram; Rasaneh, Samira; Sheikholislam, Zahra; Shahhosseini, Soraya

2017-01-01

NHL is the most common hematologic cancer in adults. Rituximab is the FDA approved treatment of relapsed or refractory low grade B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). But patients eventually become resistant to rituximab. Since lymphocytes and lymphoma cells are highly radiosensitive, low grade NHL that has relapsed or refractory to standard therapy is treated by RIT in which a beta-emitting radionuclide coupled to anti-CD20 antibody. The association of beta emitter radionuclide to rituximab enhances its therapeutic efficacy. The cells which lack antigen or cells which cannot be reached due to poor vascularization and intratumoral pressure in a bulky tumor would be irradiated and killed by cross fire effect of beta emitter. 90Y, a pure high energy β-emitter with a half-life of 64 h, a maximum energy of 2.28 MeV, and maximum board of 11.3 mm in tissue is radionuclide of choice for radioimmunotherapy of outpatient administration. In this study, rituximab was conjugated to DOTA and radiolabeled with 90YCl3. The stability, affinity, and immunoreactivity of radiolabeled antibody was determined in vitro and the conditions were optimized. Biodistribution studies were done in normal mice. The optimum conditions of conjugation and radiolabeling was 1-2 h at 37 °C and 1 h at 45 °C, respectively. Results showed approximately 4 DOTA molecules conjugated per antibody molecule. The purified antibody was stable and intact over 6 months stored at -20 °C. The result of immunoreactivity (≈70%), affinity (≈3 nM) and biodistribution in normal mice are acceptable. PMID:28979315

Clinical Investigation and Treatment of Thyroid Disease with Radioactive Iodine (131I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Mun Ho; Koh, Chang Soon; Ro, Heung Kyu; Koo, In Seu; Suh, Whan Jo; Lee, Kyung Ja; Lee, Hong Kyu; Lee, Chung Sang

1970-01-01

A summary of the clinical data of the 131 I-thyroid function tests and the therapeutic results of 131 I among the 2,658 patients of various thyroid diseases treated over the past 10 years from May 1960 to Oct. 1969 at the Radioisotope Clinic and Laboratory, SNUH were presented and discussed. 1) The patients examined consisted of 929 cases (34.9%) of diffuse toxic goiter, 762 cases (28.7%) of diffuse nontoxic goiter, 699 cases (26.3%) of nodular nontoxic goiter, 58 cases (2.2%) of nodular toxic goiter and 210 cases (7.9%) of hypothyroidism. 2) There were 300 (11.4%) male and 2358 (88.6%) female, showing a ratio of 1 : 8. 3) The majority of patients (79.1%) were in the 3rd-5th decade of their lives. 3) The normal ranges, diagnostic values of 131 I uptake test, 48 hrs serum activity, BMR and main subjective symptoms of various thyroid diseases were discussed. 5) In the 579 patients among 867 cases with hyperthyroidism treated with 131 I, 47.8% were confirmed to be cured completely after single therapeutic doses. 6) The complications of 131 I therapy were discussed and myxedema had developed in 6.75% of our patients. 7) The results of 131 I thyroid function tests were analysed among the 160 cases of thyroid diseases which were confirmed the diagnosis with histopathological measures.

Brachytherapy Using Elastin-Like Polypeptides with (131)I Inhibit Tumor Growth in Rabbits with VX2 Liver Tumor.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xinpei; Shen, Yiming; Zhang, Xuqian; Lin, Rui; Jia, Qiang; Chang, Yixiang; Liu, Wenge; Liu, Wentian

2016-10-01

Brachytherapy is a targeted type of radiotherapy utilized in the treatment of cancers. Elastin-like polypeptides are a unique class of genetically engineered peptide polymers that have several attractive properties for brachytherapy. To explore the feasibility and application of brachytherapy for VX2 liver tumor using elastin-like polypeptides with (131)I so as to provide reliable experimental evidence for a new promising treatment of liver cancer. Elastin-like polypeptide as carrier was labeled with (131)I using the iodogen method. Ten eligible rabbits with VX2 liver tumor were randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 5) and control group (n = 5). The treatment group received brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I, and in the control group, elastin-like polypeptide was injected into the VX2 liver tumor as a control. Periodic biochemical and imaging surveillances were required to assess treatment efficacy. The stability of elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I in vitro was maintained at over 96.8 % for 96 h. Biochemistry and imaging indicated brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I for liver tumor can improve liver function and inhibit tumor growth (P Elastin-like polypeptide can be an ideal carrier of (131)I and have high labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity and stability. Brachytherapy using elastin-like polypeptide with (131)I for liver tumor is a useful therapy that possesses high antitumor efficacy advantages.

{sup 131}I-induced changes in rat thyroid gland function

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torlak, V.; Capkun, V.; Stanicic, A. [Clinical Hospital Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Zemunik, T. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Medical Biology]. E-mail: tzemunik@bsb.mefst.hr; Modun, D. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Pharmacology; Pesutic-Pisac, V. [Clinical Hospital Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Pathology; Markotic, A. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). School of Medicine. Dept. of Biochemistry; Pavela-Vrancic, M. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Faculty of Natural Sciences. Dept. of Chemistry

2007-08-15

Therapeutic doses of {sup 131}I administered to thyrotoxic patients may cause thyroid failure. The present study used a rat model to determine thyroid function after the administration of different doses of {sup 131}I (64-277 {mu}Ci). Thirty male Fisher rats in the experimental group and 30 in the control group (untreated) were followed for 6 months. The animals were 4 months old at the beginning of the experiment and were sacrificed at an age of 9 months. Hormone concentration was determined before {sup 131}I administration (4-month-old animals) and three times following {sup 131}I administration, when the animals were 7, 8, and 9 months old. The thyroid glands were removed and weighed, their volume was determined and histopathological examination was performed at the end of the experiment. Significant differences in serum triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration, measured at the age of 7, 8, and 9 months, were found in the experimental group. During aging of the animals, the concentration of thyroxin fell from 64.8 {+-} 8.16 to 55.0 {+-} 6.1 nM in the control group and from 69.4 {+-} 6.9 to 25.4 {+-} 3.2 nM in the experimental group. Thyroid gland volume and weight were significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group. Thyroid glands from the experimental group showed hyaline thickness of the blood vessel wall, necrotic follicles, a strong inflammatory reaction, and peeling of necrotic cells in the follicles. In conclusion, significant differences in hormone levels and histopathological findings indicated prolonged hypothyroidism after {sup 131}I administration to rats, which was not {sup 131}I dose dependent. (author)

Longterm results of 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamada, Noboru; Ito, Kunihiko; Mimura, Takashi; Nishikawa, Yoshihiko; Momotani, Naoko

1979-01-01

The results of 131 I treatment were analyzed in 512 out of 1,620 cases of hyperthyroid patients treated with 131 I from 1963 to 1967 at Ito Hospital, Tokyo. The incidence of hypothyroidism, diagnosed clinically referring serum T 3 , T 4 and metabolic index, was 28.5%, euthyroidism 66.4% and hyperthyroidism 5.1%. Fourty one percent of euthyroid cases had high levels of serum TSH. While TRH tests were performed in 11 euthyroid cases with normal TSH levels, TSH response was normal in only 3 of the cases. Since there was no difference in the incidence of hypothyroidism among patients receiving a single dose of 6,001 - 7,000, 7,001 - 8,000 and 8,001 - 9,000 rads, relationship between the results of therapy and various factors which might influence the outcome of therapy was investigated in these cases. The incidence of hypothyroidism was higher in patients with shorter period between the onset of hyperthyroid symptoms and 131 I therapy, previous therapy with external irradiation, small goiter, severe exophthalmus, and shorter effective half life of 131 I at the time of treatment. Three cases of thyroid cancer and 2 cases of leukemia were observed in 823 patients which included 311 cases followed up only by inquiry. (author)

Negative predictive value of 124I-PET/CT imaging in patients affected by metastatic thyroid cancer and treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pettinato, C.; Civollani, S.; Nanni, C.; Celli, M.; Allegri, V.; Zagni, P.; Fanti, S.; Monari, F.; Cima, S.; Mazzarotto, R.; Spezi, E.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Aim: patients affected by metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (mDTC) are treated with 131 I even in presence of negative diagnostic 131 I whole body (WB) scan. Actually, very often, these patients present positive post therapy 131 I whole body scan, showing iodine avid metastases that were not seen with the diagnostic imaging. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the feasibility to use 124 I PET/CT images to predict patients who will not benefit from the iodine therapy, because of the absence of avidity, avoiding useless treatments. Material and methods: 25 patients affected by mDTC were enrolled in the study approved by the ethical Committee of our Institution, with the aim to evaluate the usefulness of 124 I PET/CT sequential scans to predict absorbed doses to metastatic thyroid cancer patients undergoing 131 I therapy. Patients (pts) were divided into 4 groups, based on their histology: group A, 4 pts with follicular cancer; group B, 13 pts with papillary cancer; group C, 2 pts with papillary tall cells cancer; group D, 6 patients with papillary cancer with follicular variant. Patients showing negative 124 I-PET/CT were treated with a reduced dose of 131 I (3700 MBq) and post treatment WB scans were acquired 96 hours after the therapeutic administration. Results: 12 patients showed at least one metastatic lesion at 124 I PET/CT imaging, and most of the lesions were visible at the 24 hours scan (4 pts group A, 3 pts group B, 5 pts group D). The remaining 13 patients did not show any uptake of all known metastatic lesions at each PET/CT time points (10 pts group B, 2 pts group C, 1 pt group D). Negative PET/CT findings were confirmed by post therapy WB scan. Discussion and Conclusion: 124 I-PET/CT scan is a useful diagnostic tool to discriminate patients with iodine avid metastases. Actually, when they are present, the superiority of PET/CT resolution and sensitivity, compared to standard 131 I planar imaging, allow the

Radiological Risk for Patients Treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chas, J.; Janiak, M.K.; Kowalczyk, A.; Siekierzynski, M.; Dziuk, E.

2001-01-01

Full text: Dose equivalents were measured during the three-day therapy with 131 I in patients treated at the Clinic of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Central Clinical Hospital, Military University School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, for thyroid cancer (supplementary treatment; 21 cases), hyperthyroidism in the Graves-Basedov's disease (18 cases), and toxic nodular goiter (19 cases). The absorbed doses were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters placed above the jugular incisure and above the pubic symphysis; the readings were used for calculation of the dose equivalent over the thyroid and in the ovaries. Following the radical treatment of thyroid cancer iodine uptake in the thyroid gland was very low and most of the applied 131 I was excreted within one to three days. In our 21 patients who were given on average 2.8 GBq (76 mCi) 131 I and stimulated with TSH (approx. 60 μIU/mL) the mean dose equivalents over the thyroid and in the ovaries were 115±123 mSv and 56±19 mSv, respectively. In comparison, the calculated dose equivalents in the Graves-Basedov's disease patients (424 MBq mean activity of the applied 131 I) and the goiter patients (544 MBq mean activity of the applied 131 I) were approx. 3.5 times higher over the thyroid and approx. 2.5 times lower in the ovaries. No disfunctions of the ovaries were detected in the treated young women. Based on these results it is recommended to stimulate diuresis during the first two-three days after the injection of 131 I. The results also indicate that exposure to ionising radiation of patients treated for various thyroid disorders with 131 I does not lead to the development of clinically detectable non-stochastic effects. (author)

Behavior of medically-derived 131I in the tidal Potomac River

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, Paula S.; Smith, Joseph P.; Cochran, J. Kirk; Aller, Robert C.; Swanson, R. Lawrence

2013-01-01

Iodine-131 (t 1/2 = 8.04 d) is administered to patients for treatment of thyroid disorders, excreted by patients and discharged to surface waters via sewage effluent. Radionuclides generally behave like their stable analogs; therefore, medically-derived 131 I is useful as a transport-reaction tracer of anthropogenic inputs and the aquatic biogeochemistry of iodine. Iodine-131 was measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), Washington, DC, USA. Concentrations measured in sewage effluent from Blue Plains WPCP and in the Potomac River suggest a relatively continuous source of this radionuclide. The range of 131 I concentrations detected in surface water was 0.076 ± 0.006 to 6.07 ± 0.07 Bq L −1 . Iodine-131 concentrations in sediments ranged from 1.3 ± 0.8 to 117 ± 2 Bq kg −1 dry weight. Partitioning in the sewage effluent from Blue Plains and in surface waters indicated that 131 I is associated with colloidal and particulate organic material. The behavior of medically-derived 131 I in the Potomac River is consistent with the nutrient-like behavior of natural iodine in aquatic environments. After discharge to the river via sewage effluent, it is incorporated into biogenic particulate material and deposited in sediments. Solid phase sediment profiles of 131 I indicated rapid mixing or sedimentation of particulate debris and diagenetic remineralization and recycling on short time scales. - Highlights: ► Medically-derived 131 I was measured in sewage effluent, river water, and sediments. ► Sediment 210 Pb and 7 Be profiles help characterize the sedimentary environment. ► 131 I flux to sediments in study area is ∼ 1% of that discharged in sewage effluent. ► 131 I distributions constrain reaction-transport processes to weekly time scales. ► Collectively these data are used to better understand iodine biogeochemistry

Design and construction of the equipment and obtention process of TeO{sub 2} for the {sup 131} I production; Diseno y construccion del equipo y proceso de obtencion de TeO{sub 2} para la produccion de {sup 131} I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alanis M, J. [ININ, Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2000-09-15

This project was carried out in the National Institute of Nuclear Research, Nuclear Center of Mexico (ININ), with the name 'A New Method to Obtain {sup 131}I by Neutron Irradiation of TeO{sub 2} and it Dry Distillation'. This work establishes the optimal parameters to produce {sup 131}I by neutron irradiation and foundry of TeO{sub 2} sinterized. The TeO{sub 2} of high purity was produced adding HNO{sub 3} to the metallic tellurium (Merck 8100) and heating several samples to different temperatures until dryness in presence of an air current. The optimal conditions of temperature and reaction velocity were obtained, as well as of drying and sintering, to obtain TeO{sub 2} crystals with high purity able to retain the {sup 131}I produced by the radioactive decay. After drying and purified by the heating, the TeO{sub 2} was sinterized, applying a next temperature to it melting point by few minutes, enough to create cavities in the middle of it crystalline structure, where the {sup 131}I in gas form produced by the decay of the {sup 131}Te it is retained, one time that the TeO{sub 2} is bombarded with thermal neutrons in the nuclear reactor. Then, the reactions {sup 130}Te(n, {gamma}){sup 131}Te{sup m} (t{sub 1/2} = 30 h) and {sup 130}Te(n, {gamma}){sup 131}Te (t{sub 1/2} = 24.8 m) with an optimal irradiation time of 2.5 h. (Author)

Multiple proton decays of 6Be, 8C, 8B(IAS) and excited states in 10C

Science.gov (United States)

Sobotka, Lee

2011-10-01

Recent technical advances have allowed for high-order correlation experiments to be done. We have primarily focused on experiments in which the final channels are composed of only alphas and protons. Four cases we have studied are: 6Be, 10C*, 8C, and 8B*(IAS) via 3, 4, 5, and 3-particle correlation measurements, respectively. While the first case had been studied before, our work presents very high statistics in the full Jacobi coordinates (the coordinates needed to describe 3-body decay.) Our study of 10C excited states provides isolatable examples of: correlated 2p decay, from one state, and the decay of another which is unusually highly correlated, a ``ménage a quatre.'' 8C decay presents the only case of sequential 3-body 2p decay steps (i.e. 2p-2p.) The intermediate in this 2-step process is the first example (6Be) mentioned above. Unlike the well-studied second step (6Be decay), the first step in this 2p-2p process provides another example of correlated 2p emission. The decay of 8B(IAS), the isobaric analog of 8C, also decays overwhelmingly by 2p emission, in this case to 6Li(IAS). This IAS-to-IAS 2p decay is one for which decay to the potential 1p intermediates is energetically allowed but isospin forbidden. This represents an expansion, over that originally envisioned by Goldanski, of the conceivable nuclear territory for 2p decay.

Nido-Carborane building-block reagents. 2. Bulky-substituent (alkyl)2C2B4H6 derivatives and (C6H5)2C2B4H6: synthesis and properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boyter, H.A. Jr.; Grimes, R.N.

1988-01-01

The preparation and chemistry of nido-2,3-R 2 C 2 C 2 B 4 H 6 carboranes in which R is n-butyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, and phenyl was investigated in order to further assess the steric and electronic influence of the R groups on the properties of the nido-C 2 B 4 cage, especially with respect to metal complexation at the C 2 B 3 face and metal-promoted oxidative fusion. The three dialkyl derivatives were prepared from the corresponding dialkylacetylenes via reaction with B 5 H 9 and triethylamine, but the diphenyl compound could not be prepared in this manner and was obtained instead in a thermal reaction of B 5 H 9 with diphenylacetylene in the absence of amine. All four carboranes are readily bridge-deprotonated by NaH in THF, and the anions of the dialkyl species, on treatment with FeCl 2 and air oxidation, generate the respective R 4 C 4 B 8 H 8 carborane fusion products were R = n-C 4 H 9 , i-C 5 H 11 or n-C 6 H 13 . The diphenylcarborane anion Ph 2 C 2 B 4 H 5 - did not form detectable metal complexes with Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , or Ni 2+ , and no evidence of a Ph 4 C 4 B 8 H 8 fusion product has been found. Treatment of Ph 2 C 2 B 4 H 6 with Cr(CO) 6 did not lead to metal coordination of the phenyl rings, unlike (PhCH 2 ) 2 C 2 B 4 H 6 , which had previously been shown to form mono- and bis(tricarbonylchromium) complexes. However, the reaction of Ph 2 C 2 B 4 H 5 - , CoCl 2 , and (PhPCH 2 ) 2 did give 1,1-(Ph 2 PCH 2 ) 2 -1-Cl-1,2,3-Co(Ph 2 C 2 B 4 H 4 ), the only case in which metal complexation of the diphenylcarborane was observed. 14 references, 3 figures, 3 tables

Development of a calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, C.; Tang, F.; He, L.; Xu, Y.; Lu, X.

2016-01-01

A prototype calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices was developed at the Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT). This system consists of a gaseous "1"3"1I_2 generator, an airborne storage chamber, an airborne iodine sampler, and an HPGe spectrometer. With this system, "1"3"1I reference samples in the form of charcoal filters and charcoal cartridges, with activities ranging from 100 to 10,000 Bq, were produced with overall relative standard uncertainties of 2.8% (for filter samples) and 3.5% (for cartridge samples); the activities range could be extended according to need. - Highlights: • Original calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices was developed. • Two types of "1"3"1I reference samples was prepared. • The activity of the produced "1"3"1I reference sample could be easily controlled. • The influence of uneven distribution of "1"3"1I in cartridge samples was considered.

Long-Term Maintenance Therapy Using Rituximab-Induced Continuous B-Cell Depletion in Patients with ANCA Vasculitis

Science.gov (United States)

Pendergraft, William F.; Cortazar, Frank B.; Wenger, Julia; Murphy, Andrew P.; Rhee, Eugene P.; Laliberte, Karen A.; Niles, John L.

2014-01-01

Background and objectives Remission in the majority of ANCA vasculitis patients is not sustained after a single course of rituximab, and risk of relapse warrants development of a successful strategy to ensure durable remission. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A retrospective analysis of ANCA vasculitis patients who underwent maintenance therapy using rituximab-induced continuous B-cell depletion for up to 7 years was performed. Maintenance therapy with rituximab was initiated after achieving remission or converting from other prior maintenance therapy. Continuous B-cell depletion was achieved in all patients by scheduled rituximab administration every 4 months. Disease activity, serologic parameters, adverse events, and survival were examined. Results In the study, 172 patients (mean age=60 years, 55% women, 57% myeloperoxidase–ANCA) treated from April of 2006 to March of 2013 underwent continuous B-cell depletion with rituximab. Median remission maintenance follow-up time was 2.1 years. Complete remission (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score [BVAS]=0) was achieved in all patients. Major relapse (BVAS≥3) occurred in 5% of patients and was associated with weaning of other immunosuppression drugs. Remission was reinduced in all patients. Survival mirrored survival of a general age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched United States population. Conclusion This analysis provides evidence for long-term disease control using continuous B-cell depletion. This treatment strategy in ANCA vasculitis patients also seems to result in survival rates comparable with rates in a matched reference population. These findings suggest that prospective remission maintenance treatment trials using continuous B-cell depletion are warranted. PMID:24626432

131I therapy for hyperthyroidism with large goitre

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chenggang

2002-01-01

Objective: This retrospective analysis is to study the effects of radioiodine in hyperthyroidism with large goitre and observe the possibility to take the place of surgery. Methods: 82 patients (pts) with hyperthyroidism including 51 female and 31 male, age ranging from 11 to 75 years old (mean 35.43 ± 12.14), were treated with 131 I. All patients presented with typical clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism and were followed up for 3-38 months after 131 I treatment. Patients were categorized into 2 diagnostic groups: Graves disease (43 pts) and toxic multinodular goitres (39 pts). Gland weights were estimated by palpation and scintigraphy. Cold nodule had not been found in scintigraphy in all pts. The dose in mCi administered were determined according to therapeutic history, thyroid weight (g), rate of uptake 131 I, patient's symptoms and course of disease, etc. 76 pts (92.7%) had iII degree goitre. Goitre weight was stratified into 150-200 g (67 pts), 201-300 g (13 pts) and 400-500 g (2pts). 71 pts (86.6%) were given one dose of 131 I, 10 pts (12.2%) two doses, one patient had three doses. The mean first dose was 39.26 ± 19.63 mCi (14-130 mCi). The mean first μCi/g was 142.89±32.29 μCi (59-200). Results: 24 pts (29.3%) had complete remission (euthyroid), 19 pts (23.2%) had partial resolution. 39 (47.6%) pts had hypothyroidism (HP) including 8 permanent HP, 11 transient HP, 3 subclinical HP and 17 indeterminate HP. The later group had HP that could not be decided to be transient or permanent because the time of following up was less than one year. After 131 I therapy, goitres of 43 pts (52.4%) became 0 degree, 34 pts (41.5%) became I degree, 4 pts (4.9%) had II degree and only one pt still had a III degree goitre. Conclusions: 131 I therapy is a safe and effective method for treating hyperthyroidism with large goitre. If the large goitre does not have cold nodule in scintigraphy, 131 I treatment may replace surgery

Toxicity of upfront {sup 131}I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ({sup 131}I-MIBG) therapy in newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients: a retrospective analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bleeker, Gitta; Schoot, Reineke A.; Caron, Huib N.; Kraker, Jan de; Tytgat, Godelieve A. [Emma Children' s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Department of Paediatric Oncology, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Hoefnagel, Cees A. [National Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Eck, Berthe L. van [Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2013-10-15

In the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, different doses of {sup 131}I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ({sup 131}I-MIBG) are administered at different time points during treatment. Toxicity, mainly haematological (thrombocytopenia), from {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy is known to occur in extensively chemotherapy pretreated neuroblastoma patients. Up to now, acute toxicity from {sup 131}I-MIBG as initial treatment has never been studied in a large cohort. The aim of this retrospective study was to document acute toxicity related to upfront {sup 131}I-MIBG. All neuroblastoma patients (stages 1-4 and 4S) treated upfront with {sup 131}I-MIBG at the Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (1992 - 2008) were included in this retrospective analysis. The acute toxicity (during therapy) and short-term toxicity (1st month following therapy) of the first two {sup 131}I-MIBG therapies were studied. Of 66 patients (34 boys, 32 girls; median age 2.2 years, range 0.1 - 9.4 years), 49 had stage 4 disease, 5 stage 4S, 6 stage 3, 1 stage 2 and 5 stage 1. The median first dose was 441 MBq/kg (range 157 - 804 MBq/kg). The median second dose was 328 MBq/kg (range 113 - 727 MBq/kg). The most frequently observed symptoms were nausea and vomiting (21 %, maximum grade II). The main toxicity was grade IV haematological, occurring only in stage 4 patients, after the first and second {sup 131}I-MIBG therapies: anaemia (5 % and 4 %, respectively), leucocytopenia (3 % and 4 %) and thrombocytopenia (2 % and 4 %). No stem cell rescue was needed. The main acute toxicity observed was haematological followed by nausea and vomiting. One patient developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy, possibly related to {sup 131}I-MIBG. We consider {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy to be a safe treatment modality. (orig.)

Quality of life assessment in radionuclide therapy: a feasibility study of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in palliative 131I-lipiodol therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brans, B.; Lambert, B.; De Beule, E.; De Winter, F.; Dierckx, R.A.; Van Belle, S.; Van Vlierberghe, H.; De Hemptinne, B.

2002-01-01

The good tolerance of radionuclide therapy has frequently been proposed as a major advantage. This study explored the feasibility of using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in palliative iodine-131 lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Questionnaires were completed during interviews in which all symptoms, co-morbidity and medication were assessed at baseline within 1 week before 131 I-lipiodol therapy, and subsequently after 1 and 3 months, in 20 patients treated with locoregional, intra-arterial 131 I-lipiodol therapy with or without cisplatin. Principal observations were that (1) a number of important scales, i.e. overall quality of life, physical functioning and pain, worsened between 0 and 3 months after 131 I-lipiodol therapy, irrespective of tumour response, and (2) the occurrence of clinical side-effects was associated with a negative impact on quality of life and physical functioning 1 and 3 months after 131 I-lipiodol. The QLQ-C30 can be regarded as a feasible method for quality of life assessment in 131 I-lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and possibly in other radionuclide therapies. These observations should be related to the impact of other treatment modalities on quality of life. (orig.)

Cu(I) assisted radioiodination of hippuran with no carrier added 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Kolaly, M.T.; El-Bayoumy, S.; Raieh, M.; El-Mothy, A.

1993-01-01

A study on the labeling of hippuran with no-carrier-added 131 I assisted by Cu(I) and excess of ascorbic acids is described. The role of ascorbic acid is to prevent the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) which activates the hydrolysis of o-iodohippuric acid to o-iodobenzoic acid. The use of Cu(I) allows an almost quantitative (97-99%) labeling yield to be obtained within 10-15 minutes at 100 deg C. The reaction is assumed to take place via the formation of an organocopper complex favoring the exchange reaction between radioiodine and inactive iodine in the hippuran molecule. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be E = 12.2 kcal/mol. (author) 21 refs.; 8 figs

Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg2B24C, a new boron-rich boride related to 'tetragonal boron I'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adasch, Volker; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Ludwig, Thilo; Vojteer, Natascha; Hillebrecht, Harald

2006-01-01

Single crystals of Mg 2 B 24 C, a new boron-rich boridecarbide of magnesium, were synthesized as black needles and columns by reaction of the elements in Ta ampoules and BN crucibles at 1300 deg. C. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (P-4n2, a=8.9391(13)A, c=5.0745(10)A, Z=2, 713 reflections, 64 variables, R 1 (F)=0.0235, wR 2 (I)=0.0591). It is closely related to 'tetragonal boron I' and can be described as a tetragonal rod packing of corner-linked B 12 icosahedra with C and Mg atoms in the voids. Each B 12 icosahedron has 2 B-C bonds and 10 exohedral bonds to other icosahedra, 2 within the rod and 4x2 to neighbouring rods. The isolated C atoms are 4-fold coordinated forming distorted tetrahedra. Mg is placed on two crystallographically independent positions within the three-dimensional B 12 C network. Mg 2 B 24 C is the first example for a compound related to 'tetragonal boron I' with a stoichiometric composition

Physico-chemical quality control 131I-sodium 2-iodohippurate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morin, J.; Olive, E.; Issac, M.; Cruz, J.

1992-01-01

Some physico-chemical methods for analytical control 131 I-sodium 2-iodohippurate are compared. The most convenient to applicate in hospital and in more especialized quality control laboratories are recommended

Radiolabeling and Preclinical Evaluation of 131I-anti-CD20 for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kullaprawittaya, Usa; Khongpetch, Pranom; Ngamprayad, Tippanan; Nuanchuen, Suphatphong

2007-08-01

Full text: In this study, a monoclonal anti-CD20 was developed for radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma by reacting anti-CD20 with iodine-131 using iodogen procedure. It was found that radiochemical yield was > 95 % independently of incubation time and the antibody could be conjugated with iodine-131 up to 10 mCi/mg. The radiolabeled antibody exhibited excellent retention of immunoreactivity with radio incorporations >95% for 6 hr at 4 o C. In vitro stability tests showed minimal loss of iodine-131 from the conjugate in the presence of cysteine and in human serum at 37 o C. Biodistribution study in normal ICR mice showed higher uptake by the liver, kidney and intestines but lower thyroid uptake compared to 131 I -MIBG. Biodistribution studies confirmed the in vitro stability of 131 I -anti-CD20. In particular, excellent in vivo retention of iodine-131 was demonstrated by lower thyroid accumulation over 48 hr. A favorable biological distribution of 131 I -anti-CD20 suggests this radiopharmaceutical may be effectively used in the therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Preliminary clinical experience of pulmonary scintigraphy using 131I-HIPDM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian Jiahe

1992-01-01

The metabolic imaging of lungs using 131 I-HIPDM, a tracer known to bind to the amino-receptor in pancreas and lungs, was carried out on 44 subjects. In the normal non-smoker group (n = 8), the tracer was found to be uniformly distributed throughout the lung, with slow clearance in bi-exponential mode after peak of concentration in about 30 sec; while in the normal smoker (n = 8), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of both smoker (n = 7) and non-smoker (n = 12), and patients with asthma (n = 5), the distribution as well as the parameters of clearance of 131 I-HIPDM were significantly different. In conclusion: (1) 131 I-HEPDM could reveal some characteristics of pulmonary metabolism of amine in various physiological as well as pathological status; (2) the washout of the tracer from lung was correlated with clinical ventilation functions; (3) smoking is one of the determinant factors of lung metabolic function; (4) the pulmonary metabolic imaging using 131 I-HIPDM was of value in detecting lung disease, especially the functional damages caused by various factors

The behavior of 131I in polymetatelluric acid irradiated in the nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teofilovski, C.

1966-01-01

Polymetarelluric acid, whose composition is (H 2 TeO 4 ) n , is successfully used at he Institute as a target for obtaining 131 I in the reactor. It is prepared by hearing orthotelluric acid in air at 160 deg C of in a steam of water vapor at 208 deg C. Analysis of the valency states of 131 I in irradiated (H 2 TeO 4 ) n prepared in either of the above ways shows a variable ratio of reduced and oxidized forms. A considerable increase of the reduced forms with increasing integral thermal neutron flux during irradiation in the reactor in the given interval has also been observed. In order to explain the above phenomenon (H 2 TeO 4 ) n was irradiated in the reactor under different conditions, with measurement of the wall temperature of the quartz ampoules containing the target material. Yields of reduced and oxidized form of 131 I were determined immediately after irradiation and after annealing of the target at temperatures from 60 deg C to 150 deg C. A considerable decrease in the yield of the reduced forms of 131 I on target annealing above 100 deg C was observed (author)

Therapeutic efficacy of intralesional 131I-labelled hyaluronectin in grafted human glioblastoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Girard, N.; Courel, M.N.; Vera, P.; Delpech, B. [Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rouen (France). Laboratoire d' Oncologie Moleculaire

2000-07-01

The grafted human glioblastoma cell CB109 was used as a model for intralesional therapy with 131I-labelled hyaluronectin glycoprotein (131I-HN). 131I-HN bound specifically to in situ hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of the extracellular matrix which is involved in tumour invasion. Labelling experimental conditions were determined and, finally, 25 {mu}Ci/{mu}gHN, 1 {mu}g chloramine-T/{mu}gHN and a 60-s stirring period provided a 131I-HN preparation with an optimal affinity for HA (64% compared to unlabelled HN). Following intratumoral injection, 131I-HN was retained with a limited diffusion outside the tumour. On day 4 the radioactivity concentrated in the tumour was still 25 times greater than that in the liver, spleen and kidneys combined. For therapeutic assays, 65 {mu}Ci 131I-HN was injected into the tumour, resulting in a delivery of 6.8 Gy over a 7-day period. Controls received unlabelled HN, heat-inactivated HN, a mixture of inactivated HN plus free 131I or no treatment (six animals per group). Tumour volumes were evaluated every second day from treatment day and the rate of tumour growth was expressed as a ratio of tumour size at time intervals to the tumour size at the time of injection. Growth curves were compared: heat-inactivated with or without free 131I had no anti-tumour effect. Unlabelled HN-injected tumours had a slightly slower growth rate than untreated tumours (p < 0.02) and growth rate of 131I-HN-injected tumours was much lower (p < 0.00002). A pronounced inhibitory effect with intralesional 131I-labelled HN injection resulted from a combination of a) blockage of HA, a proliferation facilitating factor, and b) local irradiation of tumoral tissue, while uptake in normal tissues was minimized.

Therapeutic efficacy of intralesional 131I-labelled hyaluronectin in grafted human glioblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Girard, N.; Courel, M.N.; Vera, P.; Delpech, B.

2000-01-01

The grafted human glioblastoma cell CB109 was used as a model for intralesional therapy with 131I-labelled hyaluronectin glycoprotein (131I-HN). 131I-HN bound specifically to in situ hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of the extracellular matrix which is involved in tumour invasion. Labelling experimental conditions were determined and, finally, 25 μCi/μgHN, 1 μg chloramine-T/μgHN and a 60-s stirring period provided a 131I-HN preparation with an optimal affinity for HA (64% compared to unlabelled HN). Following intratumoral injection, 131I-HN was retained with a limited diffusion outside the tumour. On day 4 the radioactivity concentrated in the tumour was still 25 times greater than that in the liver, spleen and kidneys combined. For therapeutic assays, 65 μCi 131I-HN was injected into the tumour, resulting in a delivery of 6.8 Gy over a 7-day period. Controls received unlabelled HN, heat-inactivated HN, a mixture of inactivated HN plus free 131I or no treatment (six animals per group). Tumour volumes were evaluated every second day from treatment day and the rate of tumour growth was expressed as a ratio of tumour size at time intervals to the tumour size at the time of injection. Growth curves were compared: heat-inactivated with or without free 131I had no anti-tumour effect. Unlabelled HN-injected tumours had a slightly slower growth rate than untreated tumours (p < 0.02) and growth rate of 131I-HN-injected tumours was much lower (p < 0.00002). A pronounced inhibitory effect with intralesional 131I-labelled HN injection resulted from a combination of a) blockage of HA, a proliferation facilitating factor, and b) local irradiation of tumoral tissue, while uptake in normal tissues was minimized

β-CIT labelled with 131I and its preliminary clinical practice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye Bin; Kuang Anren; Ding Hao; Zheng Hongbo; Yuan Qiang; He Li

2002-01-01

β-CIT is labelled with 131 I by the peracetic acid method. 4 normal controls, 8 patients with PD and 3 patients with PS are studied by 131 I-β-CIT SPECT imaging. Striatal specific uptake of 131 I-β-CIT is calculated by the radioactivity ratio of striatal to cerebellar. The results shows that the radiochemical purity of 131 I-β-CIT is (97.6 +- 0.3)%. 131 I-β-CIT remains stable for at least 4 h after incubated with waters and serum respectively. The striatal specific uptake of 131 I-β-CIT in normal controls, PD and PS patients are (4.39 +- 0.14)%, (2.95 +- 0.68)% and (3.96 +- 0.52)% at 4h and (6.60 +- 0.06)%, (3.85 +- 0.71)% and (6.14 +- 0.08)% at 20 h after administration. There is a significant reduction of striatal tracer uptake in PD patients compared to the controls and PS patients. Striatal specific uptake in contralateral to the clinical symptom side is more pronounced reduced than the ipsilateral side in PD patients. 131 I-β-CIT uptake in PD patients is correlated with disease severity. These results suggest that 131 I-β-CIT can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinsion's disease

An accurate method of 131I dosimetry in the rat thyroid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, W.; Shleien, B.; Telles, N.C.; Chiacchierini, R.P.

1979-01-01

An accurate method of thyroid 131 I dosimetry was developed by imploying the dose formulation recommended by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee. Six-week-old female Long-Evans rats were injected intraperitonealy with 0.5, 1.9, and 5.4 μCi of Na 131 I. The accumulated 131 I activities in the thyroid were precisely determined by integrating the 131 I activities per gram of the thyroid as functions of postinjection time. When the mean thyroid doses derived from this method are compared to those derived from the conventional method, the conventional method over-estimated the doses by 60 to 70%. Similarly, the conventional method yielded effective half-lives of 2.5 to 2.8 days; these estimates were found to be high by factors of 1.4 to 2.0. This finding implies that the biological elimination of iodide from the rat thyroid is much more rapid (up to 2.5 times) that once believed. Results from this study showed that the basic assumption in the conventional method of thyroid 131 I dosimetry in the rat, i.e., that the thyroid iodide retention function is a single exponential, is invalid. Results from this study also demonstrated that variations in animal body weight of 6 to 7-week-old animals and diurnal variation have no significant influence on the mean thyroid doses for a given injected activity of 131 I. However, as expected, variation in iodide content of the animal diets significantly altered the thyroid doses for a given 131 I injected activity

Dose-specific transcriptional responses in thyroid tissue in mice after 131I administration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rudqvist, Nils; Schüler, Emil; Parris, Toshima Z.; Langen, Britta; Helou, Khalil; Forssell-Aronsson, Eva

2015-01-01

Introduction: In the present investigation, microarray analysis was used to monitor transcriptional activity in thyroids in mice 24 h after 131 I exposure. The aims of this study were to 1) assess the transcriptional patterns associated with 131 I exposure in normal mouse thyroid tissue and 2) propose biomarkers for 131 I exposure of the thyroid. Methods: Adult BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 13, 130 or 260 kBq of 131 I and killed 24 h after injection (absorbed dose to thyroid: 0.85, 8.5, or 17 Gy). Mock-treated mice were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from thyroids and processed using the Illumina platform. Results: In total, 497, 546, and 90 transcripts were regulated (fold change ≥ 1.5) in the thyroid after 0.85, 8.5, and 17 Gy, respectively. These were involved in several biological functions, e.g. oxygen access, inflammation and immune response, and apoptosis/anti-apoptosis. Approximately 50% of the involved transcripts at each absorbed dose level were dose-specific, and 18 transcripts were commonly detected at all absorbed dose levels. The Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 gene expression displayed a monotone decrease in regulation with absorbed dose, and further studies need to be performed to evaluate if they may be useful as dose-related biomarkers for 131I exposure. Conclusion: Distinct and substantial differences in gene expression and affected biological functions were detected at the different absorbed dose levels. The transcriptional profiles were specific for the different absorbed dose levels. We propose that the Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 genes might be novel potential absorbed dose-related biomarkers to 131 I exposure of thyroid. Advances in knowledge: During the recent years, genomic techniques have been developed; however, they have not been fully utilized in nuclear medicine and radiation biology. We have used RNA microarrays to investigate genome-wide transcriptional regulations in thyroid tissue in mice after low

Cu(I) assisted radioiodination of hippuran with no carrier added [sup 131]I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Al-Kolaly, M T; El-Bayoumy, S; Raieh, M; El-Mothy, A [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Dept. of Radioisotope Production and Labelled Compounds

1993-11-01

A study on the labeling of hippuran with no-carrier-added [sup 131]I assisted by Cu(I) and excess of ascorbic acids is described. The role of ascorbic acid is to prevent the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) which activates the hydrolysis of o-iodohippuric acid to o-iodobenzoic acid. The use of Cu(I) allows an almost quantitative (97-99%) labeling yield to be obtained within 10-15 minutes at 100 deg C. The reaction is assumed to take place via the formation of an organocopper complex favoring the exchange reaction between radioiodine and inactive iodine in the hippuran molecule. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be E = 12.2 kcal/mol. (author) 21 refs.; 8 figs.

Tumor localization of 131I-labeled antibodies by radionuclide imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghose, T.; Tai, J.; Aquino, J.; Guclu, A.; Norvell, S.; MacDondald, A.

1975-01-01

Intravenous injections of 131 I-labeled anti-EL4 lymphoma antibodies showed progressive localization of radioactivity in EL4 transplants but not in B16 melanoma in mice carrying both tumors. Normal rabbit globulin labeled with 131 I did not localize in either tumor and cleared more slowly from the internal organs. Metastatic localization of intravenous 131 I-labeled anti-tumor antibodies was also observed in two cancer patients. (U.S.)

Recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, L.; Borowski, G.D.; Shtasel, P.; Rose, L.I.

1984-01-01

The first clinically and biochemically documented case of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism in a patient with Graves' disease is reported. Two months after the administration of 9.2 mCi of I-131, the subject developed hypothyroidism. One month later, the patient became euthyroid. Then, nine months following ablation, the patient again developed thyrotoxicosis. A second dose of I-131 of 12.5 mCi was required to finally produce permanent hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the recurrence of hypothyroidism after what had seemed to have been adequate I-131 radiation

131I therapy of Graves' disease using lithium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Kenshi

1983-01-01

Lithium is known to cause goiter and hypothyroidism. In the mechanism of goitrogenesis, there is general agreement that lithium inhibits the release of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland without significantly impairing other thyroid functions. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate the usefulness of lithium in the radioiodine treatment of Graves' disease. Nine patients with Graves' disease who were all, except one, previously treated with antithyroid drugs were studied. 600 mg of lithium carbonate were administered daily to investigate the effects on thyroidal 131 I uptake, disappearance rate of 131 I from the prelabeled thyroid and the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. Lithium showed no significant effect on the thyroidal 131 I uptake when the 24 hour thyroidal 131 I uptakes were determined both before and during lithium treatment in the five cases. On the other hand, lithium clearly prolonged the mean value of effective half-lives of 131 I to approximately 8 days vs. 5.1 days before lithium treatment (p 4 and T 3 levels significantly decreased during lithium treatment, from 21.3 to 12.4μg/dl (n=9, p 131 I for the Graves' disease can be reduced by using lithium, the radiation exposure to the total body is decreased. Moreover, it is possible to perform the 131 I therapy while improving the thyrotoxicosis with lithium. Finally, it is concluded that lithium is a very useful drug to be combined with the 131 I therapy of Graves' disease. (author)

Diabetes-induced increases in 131I-albumin permeation are unaffected by essential fatty acid depletion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williamson, J.R.; Lefkowith, J.B.; Chang, K.; Tilton, R.G.

1990-01-01

The authors assessed effects of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) on regional 131 I-albumin permeation in diabetic and age-matched control rats. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (50-75 g) were randomized into EFAD diet or normal diet groups. Three months later, diabetes was induced in one half of the rats in each group by injecting i.v. 35-45 mg/kg b.w. streptozotocin. One month later, 131 I-albumin clearance (μ g plasma/g tissue/minute) was assessed as described previously (Circ Res 64;890, 1989). Within controls, EFAD decreased body weight gain 28% but did not affect control values for plasma glucose (118±8 (SD) mg/dl) or glycosylated hemoglobin (1.33±0.22 % of total hemoglobin). In normal diet and EFAD diabetics, plasma glucose (535±64 and 419±161, respectively) and glycosylated hemoglobin (4.38±0.97 and 2.97±1.69) were increased significantly versus controls. Diabetes increased 131 I-albumin clearance in retinal (5.1x controls), choroid (3.4x), anterior uvea (2.7x), aorta (3.5x), and sciatic nerve (2.2x). No differences were evident in tissue 131 I-albumin clearances between both control groups or both diabetic groups. These results suggest that essential fatty acids do not modulate diabetes-induced changes in endothelial cell barrier function

Experimental radioimmunotherapy with I-131-antibody against a differentiation antigen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badger, C.C.; Krohn, K.A.; Bernstein, I.D.

1985-01-01

The authors have previously shown that I-131-labeled antibodies (Ab) against the Thyl.l antigen can care AKR/Cu (Thyl.2+) mice bearing the AKR/J (Thy 1l.1+) SL2 T-cell lymphoma. The authors have now extended these studies to therapy with I-131-anti-Thyl.1 of SL2 lymphoma in AKR/J mice where Ab reacts with both tumor and normal cells. A 25 μg bolus was rapidly cleared from serum by binding to spleen cells (75% with Tl/2 <60 min.) and only low concentrations of Ab(<2% ID/gm) were present in tumor after infusion. Therapy of AKR/J mice bearing established s.c. lymphoma nodules with 1500 μCi I-131-anti-Thyl.1 resulted in complete regression of the nodule in 6/6 animals although tumor eventually regrew and all animals died of metastatic lymphoma. In contrast, I-131-irrelevant Ab given to produce the same amount of whole body radiation (750 μCi) did not affect tumor growth. These studies suggest that radiolabeled-AB against differentiation antigens may be useful for therapy in spite of binding to normal cell populations

Preparation of 131I-asialo-α1-acid glycoprotein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rijk, P.P. van

1975-01-01

α 1 -Acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) was prepared from a byproduct of the ethanol plasma fractionation by means of ion-exchange procedures. Immunoelectrophoresis suggested a high degree of purity; the purified protein contained 13.5% sialic acid and 17.8% hexose. The α 1 -acid glycoprotein was modified by removal of sialic acid with neurominidase (E.C. 3.2.1.18) followed by iodination with 131 I. The purpose of the preparation, its potential use as a pharmacon for liver-function studies in nuclear medicine, is the subject of further study

Persistence and selection of an expanded B-cell clone in the setting of rituximab therapy for Sjögren's syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Hershberg, Uri; Meng, Wenzhao; Zhang, Bochao; Haff, Nancy; St Clair, E William; Cohen, Philip L; McNair, Patrice D; Li, Ling; Levesque, Marc C; Luning Prak, Eline T

2014-02-11

Subjects with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) have an increased risk of developing B-cell lymphoma and may harbor monoclonal B-cell expansions in the peripheral blood. Expanded B-cell clones could be pathogenic, and their persistence could exacerbate disease or predispose toward the development of lymphoma. Therapy with anti-CD20 (rituximab) has the potential to eliminate expanded B-cell clones and thereby potentially ameliorate disease. This study was undertaken to identify and track expanded B-cell clones in the blood of subjects with primary SjS who were treated with rituximab. To determine whether circulating B-cell clones in subjects with primary SjS emerge or remain after B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab, we studied the antibody heavy-chain repertoire. We performed single-memory B-cell and plasmablast sorting and antibody heavy-chain sequencing in six rituximab-treated SjS subjects over the course of a 1-year follow-up period. Expanded B-cell clones were identified in four out of the six rituximab-treated SjS subjects, based upon the independent amplification of sequences with identical or highly similar VH, DH, and JH gene segments. We identified one SjS subject with a large expanded B-cell clone that was present prior to therapy and persisted after therapy. Somatic mutations in the clone were numerous but did not increase in frequency over the course of the 1-year follow-up, suggesting that the clone had been present for a long period of time. Intriguingly, a majority of the somatic mutations in the clone were silent, suggesting that the clone was under chronic negative selection. For some subjects with primary SjS, these data show that (a) expanded B-cell clones are readily identified in the peripheral blood, (b) some clones are not eliminated by rituximab, and (c) persistent clones may be under chronic negative selection or may not be antigen-driven. The analysis of sequence variation among members of an expanded clone may provide a novel means

Synthesis of new dithiacobaltaborane clusters derived from arachno-6,8-S2B7H9

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, S.O.; Sneddon, L.G.

1988-01-01

A series of air-stable dithiacobaltaborane clusters has been isolated from either the reaction of the arachno-S 2 B 7 H 8 - anion with cobalt chloride and pentamethylcyclopentadienide or the reaction of neutral arachno-6,8-S 2 B 7 H 9 with cobalt atoms and pentamethylcyclopentadiene. Thus, the reaction of arachno-S 2 B 7 H 8 - with CoCl 2 and C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 - in THF gave, as the major products, the triple-decker compound nido-4,6-η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 52 Co 2 -3,5-S 2 B 2 H 2 (I) and the 11-vertex cluster nido-8,10(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co 2 -7,9-S 2 B 7 H 7 (III). Also isolated in smaller amounts were a chloride derivative of I, nido-1-Cl-4,6-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co 2 -3,5-S 2 B 2 H (II), two isomers of III, nido-3,10-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co 2 -7,9-S 2 B 7 H 7 (IV) and nido-3,5-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co 2 -7,9-S 2 B 7 H 7 (V), and the eight-boron cluster nido-8-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 )Co-7,9-S 2 B 8 H 8 (VI). Other trace products of the reaction included the six-boron clusters nido-5,8-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co 2 -6,9-S 2 B 6 H 6 (VII) and arachno-7-(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 )Co-6,8-S 2 B 6 H 8 (VIII). Compound III was found to isomerize at 250 degree C to IV, which could then be converted to V at 300 degree C. The reaction of cobalt atoms with arachno-6,8-S 2 B 7 H 9 in the presence of pentamethylcyclopentadiene gave VIII as the major product; however, a number of other clusters including I, V, VI, and [(η-C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) 2 Co] + [(SB 10 H 10 ) 2 Co] - were isolated in trace amounts. 16 references, 6 figures, 3 tables

Benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion using the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in chronic fatigue syndrome. A double-blind and placebo-controlled study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Øystein Fluge

Full Text Available Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS is a disease of unknown aetiology. Major CFS symptom relief during cancer chemotherapy in a patient with synchronous CFS and lymphoma spurred a pilot study of B-lymphocyte depletion using the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab, which demonstrated significant clinical response in three CFS patients.In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study (NCT00848692, 30 CFS patients were randomised to either Rituximab 500 mg/m(2 or saline, given twice two weeks apart, with follow-up for 12 months. Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV was not detected in any of the patients. The responses generally affected all CFS symptoms. Major or moderate overall response, defined as lasting improvements in self-reported Fatigue score during follow-up, was seen in 10 out of 15 patients (67% in the Rituximab group and in two out of 15 patients (13% in the Placebo group (p = 0.003. Mean response duration within the follow-up period for the 10 responders to Rituximab was 25 weeks (range 8-44. Four Rituximab patients had clinical response durations past the study period. General linear models for repeated measures of Fatigue scores during follow-up showed a significant interaction between time and intervention group (p = 0.018 for self-reported, and p = 0.024 for physician-assessed, with differences between the Rituximab and Placebo groups between 6-10 months after intervention. The primary end-point, defined as effect on self-reported Fatigue score 3 months after intervention, was negative. There were no serious adverse events. Two patients in the Rituximab group with pre-existing psoriasis experienced moderate psoriasis worsening.The delayed responses starting from 2-7 months after Rituximab treatment, in spite of rapid B-cell depletion, suggests that CFS is an autoimmune disease and may be consistent with the gradual elimination of autoantibodies preceding clinical responses. The present findings will impact

Rituximab treatment for fibrillary glomerulonephritis.

Science.gov (United States)

Hogan, Jonathan; Restivo, Michaela; Canetta, Pietro A; Herlitz, Leal C; Radhakrishnan, Jai; Appel, Gerald B; Bomback, Andrew S

2014-10-01

Approximately 50% of patients with fibrillary glomerulonephritis (GN) progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 2 years of diagnosis, and no standard therapy exists. The data on rituximab therapy for fibrillary GN are limited and have inconsistent outcomes. Here, we report the largest case series to date using rituximab for fibrillary GN. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on 12 patients with fibrillary GN who were treated with rituximab (1 g i.v. × 2 doses or 375 mg/m(2) × 4 doses) at the Center for Glomerular Diseases at Columbia University Medical Center. Non-progression of disease was defined as stable/improved serum creatinine (SCr) with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. The median SCr was 2.1 (range 0.7-2.7) mg/dL, median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 39 (range 21-98) mL/min/1.73 m(2) and median proteinuria 4497 (range 210-7542) mg/day at the time of rituximab initiation. Four patients had received immunosuppression before rituximab, and nine received immunosuppression after rituximab, with four receiving a second rituximab course. Four of 12 patients were non-progressors, 3 of 12 had progressive renal dysfunction without reaching ESRD, and 5 patients reached ESRD. The median follow-up for patients who did not reach ESRD was 38 (range 14-76) months after rituximab treatment. Non-progressors had lower SCr values, higher eGFRs and shorter median duration from diagnosis to treatment than progressors. No serious adverse events were noted. Rituximab therapy was associated with non-progression of renal disease in 4 of 12 patients. At the time of treatment, these non-progressors had better renal function and shorter time from diagnosis to treatment than progressors. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.

Effect of UGT2B7*2 and CYP2C8*4 polymorphisms on diclofenac metabolism.

Science.gov (United States)

Lazarska, Katarzyna E; Dekker, Stefan J; Vermeulen, Nico P E; Commandeur, Jan N M

2018-03-01

The use of diclofenac is associated with rare but severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in a very small number of patients. The factors which predispose susceptible patients to hepatotoxicity of diclofenac are still incompletely understood. Formation of protein-reactive metabolites by UDP-glucuronosyl transferases and cytochromes P450 is commonly considered to play an important role, as indicated by the detection of covalent protein adducts and antibodies in the serum of patients suffering from diclofenac-induced liver injury. Since no associations have been found with HLA-alleles, polymorphisms of genes encoding for proteins involved in the disposition of diclofenac may be important. Previous association studies showed that possession of the UGT2B7*2 and CYP2C8*4 alleles is more common in cases of diclofenac-induced DILI. In the present study, the metabolism of diclofenac by UGT2B7*2 and CYP2C8*4 was compared with their corresponding wild-type enzymes. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that recombinant UGT2B7*2 showed an almost 6-fold lower intrinsic clearance of diclofenac glucuronidation compared to UGT2B7*1. The mutant CYP2C8*4 showed approximately 35% reduced activity in the 4'-hydroxylation of diclofenac acyl glucuronide. Therefore, a decreased hepatic exposure to diclofenac acyl glucuronide is expected in patients with the UGT2B7*2 genotype. The increased risk for hepatotoxicity, therefore, might be the result from a shift to oxidative bioactivation to cytotoxic quinoneimines. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quality control procedures for iodinated radiopharmaceuticals 131I-Hippuran and 131I-Risa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toledo e Souza, I.T. de; Pereira, N.P.S. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1986-02-01

A rapid miniaturized chromatography system was developed for fast determination of the proportion of inorganic radioactive iodide from radiopharmaceutical 131 I-Hippuran and 131 I-Risa. The technical parameters associated with miniaturized chromatography system were evaluated. One of the problems found in this system was the movement of the 131 I-Risa from the origin with consequent overestimation of the inorganic iodide. A correct spot placement eliminated this problem. (Author) [pt

Behavior of Na131I and meta(131I) iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in municipal sewerage.

Science.gov (United States)

Fenner, F D; Martin, J E

1997-08-01

Behavior of 131I activity in primary sludge at the Ann Arbor, Michigan, Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant was studied in relation to known radioiodine therapy events at the University of Michigan Hospital complex. The principal compounds administered are Na131I, which has widespread use, and meta (131I) iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which is a compound unique to the University of Michigan, although labeled antibodies and other forms are also used in therapy and research. The objectives of the study were to determine the environmental fate of such discharges and to determine radiation exposures to workers and the public when sludges are incinerated. Approximately 17% of the MIBG activity administered in a therapy was found in the primary sludge, whereas only 1.1% of the Na131I was in sludge. When land applied, the short half life of 131I in the sludge presents few radiological health concerns; however, incineration, which is done in winter months, is assumed to release organically bound 131I to the atmosphere. Radiation doses due to incineration of sludge containing measured concentrations were calculated for a maximally exposed worker to be 1.7 microSv (0.17 mrem) of which 0.48 microSv (0.048 mrem) was due to a 2-d upset condition. For a more typically exposed worker, and a member of the public, the committed effective dose equivalents were 1.2 microSv (0.12 mrem) and 0.06 microSv (0.006 mrem), respectively, for a 22-wk incineration period with release of all radioiodine in the sludge. Transport time to the treatment plant for radioiodine was found to be much longer than that of normal sewage, possibly due to organic material in sewer lines that absorb iodine. The residence time of radioiodine in the sewer also appears to be longer than expected; whether other radioactive materials are held up the same way is not known but chemical form is surely a factor.

Distribution of 131 I- labeled Bothrops erythromelas venom in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcelos, C.M.L.; Valenca, R.C.; Araujo, E.A.; Modesto, J.C.A.; Pontes, M.M.; Guarnieri, M.C.; Brazil, T.K.

1998-01-01

Bothrops erythromelas is responsible for many snake bites in northeastern Brazil. In the present study we determined the in vivo distribution of the venom following its subcutaneous injection into mice. B. erythromelas venom and albumin were labeled individually with 131 I by the chloramine T method, and separated in a Sephacryl S-200 column. The efficiency of labeling was 68%.Male Swiss mice (40-45 g), which had been provided with drinking water containing 0.05% KI over a period of 10 days prior to the experiment, were inoculated dorsally (sc) with 0.3 ml (2.35 x 10 5 cpm/mouse) of 131 I-venom (N = 42), 131 -albumin or 131 I (controls, N = 28 each). Thirty minutes and 1,3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after inoculation, the animals were perfused with 0.85% Na Cl and skin and various organs were collected in order to determine radioactivity content. There was a high rate of venom absorption int he skin (51%) within the first 30 min compared to albumin (20.1%) and free iodine (8.2%). Up to the third hour after injection there was a tendency for venom and albumin to concentrate in the stomach ( 3 rd h),small intestine (3 rd h) and large intestine (6th h). Both control groups had more radioactivity in the digestive tract, especially in the stomach, but these levels decreased essentially to baseline by 12-18 h postinjection. In the kidneys, the distribution profiles of venom, albumin and iodine were similar. Counts at 30 min postinjection were low in all three groups (1.37, 1.86 and 0.77, respectively), and diminished to essentially 0% by 12-18 h. Albumin tended to concentrate in muscle until the 3 rd h postinjection (1.98%).There was a low binding of labeled venom in the liver (B. erythromelas venom does not specifically target most internal organs. That is, the systemic effects of envenomation ar mainly due to an indirect action. (author)

Antithyroid drugs and 131I treatment of Graves' disease: an efficacy relationship analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang Yi; Liu Jianfeng; Zhang Xiuli; Xiao Shuping; Zhang Youren

2004-01-01

Objective: To investigate the influence of taking antithyroid drugs (ATD) or stopping therapy with ATD for a variable periods of time before 131 I treatment on efficacy of 131 I treatment. Methods: A total of 99 patients with Graves' disease were divided into two groups on the basis of taking antithyroid drugs (ATD) or not (the patients who had undergone operation for Graves' disease or had received 131 I therapy were excluded). The patients who had taken ATD were separated into four groups, 2 W, ∼4 W, ∼8 W, >8 W before 131 I treatment, to assess the influence on the cure rate after the 131 I treatment. Results: The cure rate of hyperthyroidism after 131 I treatment in patients not taking and taking ATD before 131 I treatment was 89.5% and 57.5%, respectively. The difference between two groups was significant. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the variable parameters (P=0.00863). The patients who had taken ATD and discontinued had no difference in the cure rate, although the duration of discontinuance of ATD was different (P=0.627). Conclusions: The cure rate will be reduced when ATD is used as initial therapy for Graves' disease even if ATD is discontinued for some period of time before the treatment. With regard to those patients having used ATD before the treatment, the cure rate of 131 I is not raised with prolonging ATD withdrawal

Internalisation of uncross-linked rituximab is not essential for the induction of caspase-independent killing in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines.

Science.gov (United States)

Turzanski, Julie; Daniels, Ian; Haynes, Andrew P

2008-08-01

Characterising the mechanisms underpinning caspase-independent programmed cell death (CI-PCD) induction by uncross-linked rituximab in B-cells may positively impact upon the treatment of disease states in which the classical apoptotic pathway is disabled. The necessity of rituximab internalisation for CI-PCD induction was investigated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in human BL cell lines with (e.g. Mutu I) and without (Mutu III) susceptibility to rituximab-induced killing. Flow cytometry demonstrated small, significant and similar amounts of rituximab internalisation by Mutu I cells after 1, 2, 4 and 24 h (p internalisation (p = 0.02, n = 5 and p = 0.0002, n = 6, respectively) in Mutu I cells, but confocal microscopy showed no correlation between internalised rituximab and phosphatidylserine exposure. We conclude that rituximab internalisation is not essential for CI-PCD induction in BL cell lines.

Enhanced CDC of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells mediated by rituximab combined with a novel anti-complement factor H antibody.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark T Winkler

Full Text Available Rituximab therapy for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL has met with mixed success. Among several factors to which resistance can be attributed is failure to activate complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC due to protective complement regulatory proteins, including the soluble regulator complement factor H (CFH. We hypothesized that rituximab killing of non-responsive B-CLL cells could be augmented by a novel human monoclonal antibody against CFH. The B cells from 11 patients with B-CLL were tested ex vivo in CDC assays with combinations of CFH monoclonal antibody, rituximab, and a negative control antibody. CDC of rituximab non-responsive malignant B cells from CLL patients could in some cases be augmented by the CFH monoclonal antibody. Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity of cells was dependent upon functional complement. In one case where B-CLL cells were refractory to CDC by the combination of rituximab plus CFH monoclonal antibody, additionally neutralizing the membrane complement regulatory protein CD59 allowed CDC to occur. Inhibiting CDC regulatory proteins such as CFH holds promise for overcoming resistance to rituximab therapy in B-CLL.

MDM2 phenotypic and genotypic profiling, respective to TP53 genetic status, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-CHOP immunochemotherapy: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Xu-Monette, Z.Y.; Moller, M.B.; Tzankov, A.; Montes-Moreno, S.; Hu, W.; Manyam, G.C.; Kristensen, L.; Fan, L.; Visco, C.; Dybkaer, K.; Chiu, A.; Tam, W.; Zu, Y.; Bhagat, G.; Richards, K.L.; Hsi, E.D.; Choi, W.W.; Krieken, J.H.J.M. van; Huang, Q.; Huh, J.; Ai, W.; Ponzoni, M.; Ferreri, A.J.; Wu, L.; Zhao, X.; Bueso-Ramos, C.E.; Wang, S.A.; Go, R.S.; Li, Y.; Winter, J.N.; Piris, M.A.; Medeiros, L.J.; Young, K.H.

2013-01-01

MDM2 is a key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, however, the prognostic significance of MDM2 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been defined convincingly. In a p53 genetically-defined large cohort of de novo DLBCL patients treated with rituximab,

Post-Irradiation Behaviour of I131 in TeO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaćimović, Lj.; Stevović, J.; Veljković, S.R.

1965-01-01

The system I 131 in TeO 2 is interesting because little is known about thermal chemical changes in this target. Radioiodine was produced by neutron irradiation of TeO 2 in the reactor. Irradiated TeO 2 was dissolved in diluted NaOH. The analysis of the iodine valency forms was made by ion exchange techniques. The thermal and radiation stability of TeO 2 was studied by using the spectrophotometric method for the determination of tellurium. Post-irradiation annealing of I 131 in TeO 2 was studied in dependence on the time and temperature of the heating. The main tendency of annealing was the reduction of radioiodine. The time dependence of this process indicates a fast change at high temperatures. The curves are more complex at lower temperatures. The annealing may appear complex because of the variety of thermal reactions of iodine intermediary. It may react with products of the following processes: tellurium recoil and corresponding hot zone, beta transition of Te 131 and TeO 2 itself. The kinetics of these changes was considered and an estimation of the processes during annealing was made. The influence of the neutron flux on the kinetics of annealing was also studied. (author) [fr

Management of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paryani, Shyam B.; Chobe, Rashmi J.; Scott, Walter; Wells, John; Johnson, Douglas; Kuruvilla, Anand; Schoeppel, Sonja; Deshmukh, Abhijit; Miller, Robert; Dajani, Lorraine; Montgomery, Charles Ted; Puestow, Eric; Purcell, John; Roura, Miguel; Sutton, David; Mallett, Ruth; Peer, Jan

1996-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the role of radioactive 131 I in the management of patients with well differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Methods and Materials: Between 1965 and 1995, a total of 117 patients with well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid underwent either lobectomy or thyroidectomy followed by 100-150 mCi of 131 I. Results: With a median follow-up of 8 years, only four patients (3%) developed a recurrence of their disease. The 5-year actuarial survival was 97% with a 10-year survival of 91%. There were no severe side effects noted after 131 I therapy. Conclusions: Radioactive 131 I is a safe and effective procedure for the majority of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We currently recommend that all patients undergo a subtotal or total thyroidectomy followed by 131 I thyroid scanning approximately 4 weeks after surgery. If the thyroid scan shows no residual uptake and all disease is confined to the thyroid, we recommend following patients with annual thyroid scans and serum thyroglobulin levels. If there is any residual uptake detected in the neck or if the tumor extends beyond the thyroid, we recommend routine thyroid ablation of 100-150 mCi of radioactive 131 I

Superior efficacy of rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy as an initial therapy in newly diagnosed patients with B cell indolent lymphomas: long-term results from a single center in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Zengjun; Li, Fei; Yi, Shuhua; Gu, Zhimin; Yu, Zhen; Xu, Yan; Feng, Xiaoyan; Liu, Wei; Zou, Dehui; Qi, Junyuan; Zhan, Fenghuang; Qiu, Lugui

2015-01-01

Rituximab has been confirmed to improve the survival of patients with B cell indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-iNHLs) in Western world as previously reported, however, it is rarely reported in Chinese cohort. This study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy and select subpopulations most sensitive to the regimen in Chinese B-iNHL patients. 334 B-iNHL patients from our center were retrospectively assessed. Patients received R-based chemoimmunotherapy showed significantly higher rates of overall response (OR) (93.0 % vs. 53.4 %, P < 0.001) and complete response (CR) (63.3 % vs. 16.0 %, P < 0.001) compared with the patients received other therapies. Survival analysis showed that rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy could obviously improve the progression-free survival (PFS) (110 vs. 49 months, P = 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (120 vs. 72 months, P < 0.001) in patients with B-iNHLs. Interestingly, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, we found that the patients with β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) < 3.5 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 220 U/L, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) negative, and non high-risk genetic abnormality could achieve more benefits from R-based regimens with higher CR rate (P = 0.003, 0.029, 0.013 and 0.038, respectively). Meanwhile, more CLL patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negative after rituximab-based treatment (46.5 % vs. 10.3 %, P < 0.001). Moreover, CLL patients with MRD < 1 %, LDH < 220 U/L, complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR), β2-MG < 3.5 mg/L and non high-risk cytogenetic abnormality showed superior outcome compared to the controls (P = 0.001, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). No other side-effects increased in chemoimmunotherapy group except the elevation of grade 3–4 neutropenia. Our results demonstrate the superior efficacy of rituximab–based chemoimmunotherapy as an initial therapy in Chinese cohort with newly diagnosed B-i

Post-Irradiation Behaviour of I{sup 131} in TeO{sub 2}; Comportement de {sup 131}I Dans TeO{sub 2} Apres Irradiation; 041f 041e 0412 0415 0414 0415 041d 0418 0415 0419 041e 0414 0410 -131 0412 TeO{sub 2} 0433 041f 041e 0421 041b 0415 041e 0411 041b 0423 0427 0415 041d 0418 042f ; Comportamiento del {sup 131}I en TeO{sub 2} Despues de su Irradiacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacimovic, Lj.; Stevovic, J.; Veljkovic, S. R. [Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Serbia)

1965-04-15

The system I{sup 131} in TeO{sub 2} is interesting because little is known about thermal chemical changes in this target. Radioiodine was produced by neutron irradiation of TeO{sub 2} in the reactor. Irradiated TeO{sub 2} was dissolved in diluted NaOH. The analysis of the iodine valency forms was made by ion exchange techniques. The thermal and radiation stability of TeO{sub 2} was studied by using the spectrophotometric method for the determination of tellurium. Post-irradiation annealing of I{sup 131} in TeO{sub 2} was studied in dependence on the time and temperature of the heating. The main tendency of annealing was the reduction of radioiodine. The time dependence of this process indicates a fast change at high temperatures. The curves are more complex at lower temperatures. The annealing may appear complex because of the variety of thermal reactions of iodine intermediary. It may react with products of the following processes: tellurium recoil and corresponding hot zone, beta transition of Te{sup 131} and TeO{sub 2} itself. The kinetics of these changes was considered and an estimation of the processes during annealing was made. The influence of the neutron flux on the kinetics of annealing was also studied. (author) [French] Le cas de 131I dans TeO{sub 2} presente un interet en raison du peu de connaissances dont on dispose sur les modifications chimico-thermiques dans cette cible. Les auteurs ont obtenu le radioiode par exposition de TeO{sub 2} aux neutrons en pile, puis dissous TeO{sub 2} irradie dans NaOH dilue. Ils ont fait l'analyse des divers etats de valence de l'iode par des procedes d'echange d'ions. Ils ont etudie la stabilite thermique et la radiostabilite de TeO{sub 2} en recourant a la methode spectrophotometrique pour la determination du tellure. Ils ont etudie le recuit de 131I dans TeO{sub 2} apres irradiation en fonction du temps et de la temperature de chauffage. La tendance du recuit a ete surtout une tendance a la reduction du radioiode

Miniaturized chromatographic radiochemical procedure for 131I - MIBG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barboza, M.F. de; Pereira, N.S. de; Colturato, M.T.; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1989-12-01

Different solvents were used in paper chromatographic methods to obtain the best system in routine radiochemical control for 131 I-MIBG produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP. The dates were compared with those obtained with eletrophoresis method in buffer acetate, pH=4.5, 350V, during 40 minutes. The stability of the labeled compound store under 4 0 C was studied during 15 days. Miniaturized chromatographic procedures were established using Whatman 3MM (8x1cm) and n-butanol-:acetic acid: water (S:2:1) as a solvent. the Rf values were: 0.3 (I - ) and 1.0 (MIBG). The radiochemical purity was 99.3 and 99.2% (first day) obtained with eletrophoresis and miniaturized chromatographic procedures, respectively and, 84.7% after 15 days of its preparation. It is a rapid, practical and reproductive method. (author) [pt

Persistence and selection of an expanded B-cell clone in the setting of rituximab therapy for Sjögren’s syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Introduction Subjects with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) have an increased risk of developing B-cell lymphoma and may harbor monoclonal B-cell expansions in the peripheral blood. Expanded B-cell clones could be pathogenic, and their persistence could exacerbate disease or predispose toward the development of lymphoma. Therapy with anti-CD20 (rituximab) has the potential to eliminate expanded B-cell clones and thereby potentially ameliorate disease. This study was undertaken to identify and track expanded B-cell clones in the blood of subjects with primary SjS who were treated with rituximab. Methods To determine whether circulating B-cell clones in subjects with primary SjS emerge or remain after B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab, we studied the antibody heavy-chain repertoire. We performed single-memory B-cell and plasmablast sorting and antibody heavy-chain sequencing in six rituximab-treated SjS subjects over the course of a 1-year follow-up period. Results Expanded B-cell clones were identified in four out of the six rituximab-treated SjS subjects, based upon the independent amplification of sequences with identical or highly similar VH, DH, and JH gene segments. We identified one SjS subject with a large expanded B-cell clone that was present prior to therapy and persisted after therapy. Somatic mutations in the clone were numerous but did not increase in frequency over the course of the 1-year follow-up, suggesting that the clone had been present for a long period of time. Intriguingly, a majority of the somatic mutations in the clone were silent, suggesting that the clone was under chronic negative selection. Conclusions For some subjects with primary SjS, these data show that (a) expanded B-cell clones are readily identified in the peripheral blood, (b) some clones are not eliminated by rituximab, and (c) persistent clones may be under chronic negative selection or may not be antigen-driven. The analysis of sequence variation among members of an

Autoantibody levels in myositis patients correlate with clinical response during B cell depletion with rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Aggarwal, Rohit; Oddis, Chester V; Goudeau, Danielle; Koontz, Diane; Qi, Zengbiao; Reed, Ann M; Ascherman, Dana P; Levesque, Marc C

2016-06-01

To determine the longitudinal trends in serum levels of four myositis-associated autoantibodies: anti-Jo-1, -transcription intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1-γ), -signal recognition particle (SRP) and -Mi-2, after B cell depletion with rituximab, and to determine the longitudinal association of these autoantibody levels with disease activity as measured by myositis core-set measures (CSMs). Treatment-resistant adult and pediatric myositis subjects (n = 200) received rituximab in the 44-week Rituximab in Myositis Trial. CSMs [muscle enzymes, manual muscle testing (MMT), physician and patient global disease activity, HAQ, and extramuscular disease activity] were evaluated monthly and anti-Jo-1 (n = 28), -TIF1-γ (n = 23), -SRP (n = 25) and -Mi-2 (n = 26) serum levels were measured using validated quantitative ELISAs. Temporal trends and the longitudinal relationship between myositis-associated autoantibodies levels and CSM were estimated using linear mixed models. Following rituximab, anti-Jo-1 levels decreased over time (P myositis subjects decreased after B cell depletion and were correlated with changes in disease activity, whereas anti-SRP levels were only associated with longitudinal muscle enzyme levels. The strong association of anti-Jo-1 levels with clinical outcomes suggests that anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies may be a good biomarker for disease activity. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Foothills Parkway Section 8B Final Environmental Report, Volume 2, Appendices A-C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blasing, T.J.; Cada, G.F.; Carer, M.; Chin, S.M.; Dickerman, J.A.; Etnier, D.A.; Gibson, R.; Harvey, M.; Hatcher, B.; Lietzske, D.; Mann, L.K.; Mulholland, P.J.; Petrich, C.H.; Pounds, L.; Ranney, J.; Reed, R.M.; Ryan, P.F.; Schweitzer, M.; Smith, D.; Thomason, P.; Wade, M.C.

1999-07-01

In 1994, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was tasked by the National Park Service (NPS) to prepare an Environmental Report (ER) for Section 8B of the Foothills Parkway in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Section 8B represents 27.7 km (14.2 miles) of a total of 115 km (72 miles) of the planned Foothills Parkway and would connect the Cosby community on the east to the incorporated town of Pittman Center to the west. The major deliverables for the project are listed. From August 1995 through October 1996, NW, GSMNP, and ORNL staff interacted with Federal Highway Administration staff to develop a conceptual design plan for Section 8B with the intent of protecting critical resources identified during the ER process to the extent possible. In addition, ORNL arranged for bioengineering experts to discuss techniques that might be employed on Section 8B with NPS, GSMNP, and ORNL staff during September 1996. For the purposes of this EN there are two basic alternatives under consideration: (1) a build alternative and (2) a no-build alternative. Within the build alternative are a number of options including constructing Section 8B with no interchanges, constricting Section 8B with an interchange at SR 416 or U.S. 321, constructing Section 8B with a spur road on Webb Mountain, and considering operation of Section 8B both before and after the operation of Section 8C. The no-build alternative is considered the no-action alternative and is not to construct Section 8B. This volume of the ER, which consists of Appendices A, B, and C, assesses the potential geologic impacts of the proposed Section 8B construction, presents the results of the Section 8B soil survey, and describes the water quality studies and analyses performed for the ER. The following summary sections provide information for geology, soils, and water quality.

The therapeutic threesome, Iodine 131, Lutetium-111 and Rhenium-188 Radionuclide Trifecta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, J.H.

2007-01-01

Full text: Affordable, available, cost-effective, safe, efficacious therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are required for clinical application throughout the world. In-house preparation of non-proprietary therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals at tertiary referral hospitals in all countries following appropriate technology transfer and training at key research and development centres can potentially supply this need. Illustrative examples of novel therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals currently under development in physician sponsored phase II clinical trials and candidates for contemplation of translation to developing countries include: (1) I-131 Rituximab radioimmunotherapy of relapsed/refractory and first-line treatment of non- Hodgkin's lymphoma; (2) Lu-177 octreotate radiopeptide therapy of neuroendocrine malignancy with capecitabine tumour radiosensitization; (3) Re-188 lipiodol intrahepatic arterial therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition to presentation of preliminary clinical results, the logistics and techniques of preparation, quality control and administration of each of these therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals will be described and the calculation of individual patient dosimetry and issues of radiation safety will also be addressed. 1. Iodine-131 rituximab: I-131 rituximab may be prepared in a hospital department of nuclear medicine equipped with a shielded fume cupboard, using commercially available single-use sterile pyrogen-free labelling kits (Go Medical Industries Pty Ltd, Subiaco, Australia) (1). Individualized prospective dosimetry is performed on each patient by quantitative whole body gamma imaging, to determine the therapeutic administered activity, to provide a maximum safe whole body radiation absorbed dose of 0.75 Gy, which equates to less than 2 Gy to red marrow (2). More than 200 patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been treated at Fremantle Hospital without infection or haemorrhagic incident. Myelosuppression is self

Radioimmunotherapy of human colon cancer xenografts by using 131I labeled-CAb1 F(ab')2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Ling; Xu Huiyun; Mi Li; Bian Huijie; Qin Jun; Xiong Hua; Feng Qiang; Wen Ning; Tian Rong; Xu Liqing; Shen Xiaomei; Tang Hao; Chen Zhinan

2006-01-01

Purpose: Therapeutic efficacy, suitable dose, and administration times of 131 I-CAb 1 F(ab') 2 , a new monoclonal antibody therapeutics specifically directed against a cell surface-associated glycoprotein of colon cancer, were investigated in this article. Methods and Materials: In human colon cancer xenografts, 131 I-CAb 1 F(ab') 2 at the dose of 125 μCi, 375 μCi, and 1125 μCi were administrated intraperitoneally on Days 6 and 18 after implantation of HR8348 cells with CAb 1 high reactivity. Survival time and tumor growth inhibition rate were used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 131 I-CAb 1 F(ab') 2 in treatment of colon cancer xenografts. Results: Treatment of 125, 375, and 1125 μCi 131 I-CAb1 F(ab') 2 did not significantly decrease the mean survival time of nude mice when compared with nontreated groups (p = 0.276, 0.865, 0.582, respectively). Moreover, the mean survival times of nude mice receiving 375 μCi and 1125 μCi 131 I-CAb1 F(ab') 2 were significantly longer than that of 5-FU-treated groups (p 0.018 and 0.042). Tumor growth inhibition rates of the first therapy were 35.67% and 41.37%, with corresponding 131 I-labeled antibody dosage of 375 μCi and 1125 μCi. After single attack dosage, second reinforcement therapy may rise efficacy significantly. Tumor growth inhibition rates of 125 μCi, 375 μCi, and 1125 μCi 131 I-labeled antibody on Day 20 posttherapy were 42.65%, 56.56%, and 84.41%, respectively. Histopathology examination revealed that tissue necrosis of various degrees was found in 131 I-CAb1 F(ab') 2 -treated groups. Conclusion: 131 I-CAb 1 F(ab') 2 is safe and effective for colon cancer. It may be a novel and potentially adjuvant therapeutics for colon cancer

Hypothyroidism following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, Atsushi; Kondo, Makoto; Kinoshita, Fumio; Maekawa, Akira; Okamoto, Jiro.

1977-01-01

Of 890 patients who received 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism, the results of therapy were examined on 584 who could be followed up. Of these 502 (86%), were sured including 3 patients who had been completely healed after recurrence, 9 patients are still under medical treatment, and 10 died. The incidence of hypothyroidism following 131 I therapy was 1.6% after 1 year, 2.3% after 2 years, 4.7% after 5 years, 15.0% after 10-12 years, 22.1% after 13-15 years and 27.5% after 16-20 years. The incidence increased constantly with the passage of time. Factors influencing the response to treatment have been investigated. As a consequence, the number of rads delivered to the thyroid gland, the gland size, and previous surgery correlated with the incidence of hypothyroidism. The number of doses of 131 I, uptake and half-life of 131 I in the thyroid, previous antithyroid medication, time between the onset of hyperthyroid symptoms and 131 I therapy, and the age or sex of the patients appeared unrelated. The times taken to become euthyroid following a single dose of 131 I were 5.6 months with 2000-4000 rads, 4.4 months with 4001-7000 rads, 4.2 months with 7001-10000 rads and 3.5 months with more than 10001 rads. The time was prolonged with decrease of rads delivered to the thyroid gland. It was found that the patients who passed through a transient hypothyroid phase in the period of three to four months after administration of 131 I had a high incidence of late permanent hypothyroidism. (Evans, J.)

The behavior of {sup 131}I in polymetatelluric acid irradiated in the nuclear reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teofilovski, C [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Hot Laboratory Department, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1966-01-15

Polymetarelluric acid, whose composition is (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n}, is successfully used at the Institute as a target for obtaining {sup 131}I in the reactor. It is prepared by hearing orthotelluric acid in air at 160 deg C of in a steam of water vapor at 208 deg C. Analysis of the valency states of {sup 131}I in irradiated (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n} prepared in either of the above ways shows a variable ratio of reduced and oxidized forms. A considerable increase of the reduced forms with increasing integral thermal neutron flux during irradiation in the reactor in the given interval has also been observed. In order to explain the above phenomenon (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n} was irradiated in the reactor under different conditions, with measurement of the wall temperature of the quartz ampoules containing the target material. Yields of reduced and oxidized form of {sup 131}I were determined immediately after irradiation and after annealing of the target at temperatures from 60 deg C to 150 deg C. A considerable decrease in the yield of the reduced forms of {sup 131}I on target annealing above 100 deg C was observed (author)

Differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary). Brain tumor metastasis as clinical onset. surgical treatment and "1"3"1I. 8 years disease-free

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mena, D.; Pena, M.; Alvarez, L.; García del Rio, H.; Bruno, O.

2015-01-01

Introduction: The differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia. The major manifestation belongs to the papillary variant (65-90%). The prognosis tends to be very favorable, with a mortality rate of 1.8 % and a disease-free rate up to 10 years of around 90-95 %. The distant metastasis in brain accounts for 0.1-5 %. There are no established protocols for the management of brain metastasis. Therapeutic options are: surgery, stereotactic radiotherapy / radiosurgery, and "1"3"1I. The successful management of this case is an option for brain metastasis from thyroid papillary carcinoma. Case report: A 77 year-old female begins with double vision (diplopia). She underwent twice a surgery for brain tumor with a histopathological report on thyroid papillary tissue. The endocrine evaluation determines euthyroid state except thyroglobulin (TG) 2300 ng/ml. Total thyroidectomy with classic thyroid papillary carcinoma. A diagnostic "1"3"1I scan after surgery shows for first time brain metastasis uptake. The patient receives 25 mCi of "1"3"1I as initial therapeutic dose, and subsequent therapeutic doses (50, 50, 75, 75, 50 mCi) in 2 years, in accordance with the evolution of magnetic resonance, clinic, endocrine lab, hematological analysis, and "1"3"1I scintigraphy, that shows the possible remission of the disease. The follow-up was carried out by means of a clinical control, thyroglobulin values, U.S., "1"3"1I scans, and magnetic resonance. The patient is at the present time over 11 years survival and 8 years disease-free. Discussion: Even though the distant metastasis is not very common in brain and is generally associated with aggressive variants of tumor, our case started with a metastatic brain tumor in an euthyroid patient with no thyroid pathology background and with low-risk post-thyroidectomy criterion. The "1"3"1I scan turned positive in brain metastasis when the patient was thyroidectomized. This detail must be considered important, since it

Angular-dependent I-V characteristics in borocarbide superconductor YNi2B2C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, R M; Chen, Q Y; Chu, W K

2006-01-01

We present angular-dependent current-voltage (I-V) measurements in borocarbide YNi 2 B 2 C single crystals near the vortex-glass irreversible line. External magnetic fields are applied along the angle θ with respect to the c-axis. The nonlinear I-V curves reveal scaling behaviour near the transition. Using the scaling analysis, the relevant critical exponents and vortex transition temperatures are determined for all orientations. The data agrees well with the vortex-glass (VG) model. No evidence was found that supports the existence of a Bose-glass (BG) type of transition

B cells and immunoglobulin in ABO-incompatible renal transplant patients receiving rituximab and double filtration plasmapheresis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meng-Kun Tsai

2015-04-01

Conclusion: With the aid of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab resulted in sustained suppression of B cell count and total IgG and IgM. Among the IgG subclasses, IgG3 was less sensitive to rituximab.

Preliminary clinical experience of pulmonary scintigraphy using [sup 131]I-HIPDM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiahe, Tian [Department of Medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing (China); and others

1992-02-01

The metabolic imaging of lungs using [sup 131]I-HIPDM, a tracer known to bind to the amino-receptor in pancreas and lungs, was carried out on 44 subjects. In the normal non-smoker group (n = 8), the tracer was found to be uniformly distributed throughout the lung, with slow clearance in bi-exponential mode after peak of concentration in about 30 sec; while in the normal smoker (n = 8), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of both smoker (n = 7) and non-smoker (n = 12), and patients with asthma (n = 5), the distribution as well as the parameters of clearance of [sup 131]I-HIPDM were significantly different. In conclusion: (1) [sup 131]I-HEPDM could reveal some characteristics of pulmonary metabolism of amine in various physiological as well as pathological status; (2) the washout of the tracer from lung was correlated with clinical ventilation functions; (3) smoking is one of the determinant factors of lung metabolic function; (4) the pulmonary metabolic imaging using [sup 131]I-HIPDM was of value in detecting lung disease, especially the functional damages caused by various factors.

Adrenal imaging with 131I-Adosterol (NCL-6-131I) by diverging and pinhole methods, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, Masayuki

1982-01-01

The analysis of the adrenal diverging and pinhole images with 131 I-Adosterol was made to establish adrenal imaging patterns, in 43 patients with various adrenal disorders, 4 with adrenal adjacent tumors and one with arrhenoblastoma of the ovary whose images were also included. From this analysis and review of literature, three principles (1. Accumulation in cortical tumors, 2. Relation to endogenous ACTH and 3. Nonaccumulation in noncortical tumors) and several additional factors to make various adrenal imaging patterns with 131 I-iodocholesterols could be induced. The accuracy of locating the adrenal tumor-bearing glands was 97% (28/29) with pinhole images and 70% (21/30) with diverging images in baseline conditions. Various adrenal high/low ratios could not be used as confidential indicators to locate the tumorbearing glands, especially in primary aldosteronism, although the left higher ratios on both views showed high discrepancy between normal and abnormal subjects. The ''Pinhole method'' is recommended as a simple technique of adrenal imaging, because it provides a high-resolution adrenal image which results in a high diagnostic value. A pinhole collimator is available in any institute which has a gamma camera. (author)

Comparative study between 131I-MIBG scintigraphy and other tumor markers in diagnosis of neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohsawa, Yoshihiro; Iwafuchi, Makoto; Odano, Ikuo; Yamagiwa, Iwao.

1989-01-01

In order to prove the clinical usefulness in diagnosis of neuroblastoma, comparative studies between iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) scintigraphy and other related tumor markers were attempted. Sixteen children diagnosed as having a neuroblastoma in recent 2 years were examined. In 5 postoperative patients in complete remission, who were negative to other tumor markers, showed no pathological accumulation of 131 I-MIBG (specificity 100%). In other 11 patients with remains of neuroblastoma, 131 I-MIBG was negative only in 2 patients (sensitivity 82%) and these 2 patients showed negative urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites (VMA). (Negative urinary VMA was proved in 3 of 11 patients). Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated in all 8 preoperative patients, but only in 2 of 11 postoperative patients. On the other hand 131 I-MIBG was positive in 9 among these 11 postoperative patients in whom neuroblastoma remained. Similar relationship was obtained between 131 I-MIBG scintigraphy and serum LDH. On the basis of our present experience, we like to regard 131 I-MIBG scintigraphy as one of the most sensitive parameters for neuroblastoma during a follow-up period after treatment. (author)

{sup 124}I-L19-SIP for immuno-PET imaging of tumour vasculature and guidance of {sup 131}I-L19-SIP radioimmunotherapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tijink, Bernard M.; Perk, Lars R.; Budde, Marianne; Stigter-van Walsum, Marijke; Leemans, C.R. [VU University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Visser, Gerard W.M.; Kloet, Reina W. [VU University Medical Center, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Dinkelborg, Ludger M. [Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Berlin (Germany); Neri, Dario [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich (Switzerland); Dongen, Guus A.M.S. van [VU University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam (Netherlands); VU University Medical Center, Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2009-08-15

The human monoclonal antibody (MAb) fragment L19-SIP is directed against extra domain B (ED-B) of fibronectin, a marker of tumour angiogenesis. A clinical radioimmunotherapy (RIT) trial with {sup 131}I-L19-SIP was recently started. In the present study, after GMP production of {sup 124}I and efficient production of {sup 124}I-L19-SIP, we aimed to demonstrate the suitability of {sup 124}I-L19-SIP immuno-PET for imaging of angiogenesis at early-stage tumour development and as a scouting procedure prior to clinical {sup 131}I-L19-SIP RIT. {sup 124}I was produced in a GMP compliant way via {sup 124}Te(p,n){sup 124}I reaction and using a TERIMO trademark module for radioiodine separation. L19-SIP was radioiodinated by using a modified version of the IODO-GEN method. The biodistribution of coinjected {sup 124}I- and {sup 131}I-L19-SIP was compared in FaDu xenograft-bearing nude mice, while {sup 124}I PET images were obtained from mice with tumours of <50 to {proportional_to}700 mm{sup 3}. {sup 124}I was produced highly pure with an average yield of 15.4 {+-} 0.5 MBq/{mu}Ah, while separation yield was {proportional_to}90% efficient with <0.5% loss of TeO{sub 2}. Overall labelling efficiency, radiochemical purity and immunoreactive fraction were for {sup 124}I-L19-SIP: {proportional_to}80, 99.9 and >90%, respectively. Tumour uptake was 7.3{+-}2.1, 10.8{+-}1.5, 7.8{+-}1.4, 5.3{+-}0.6 and 3.1{+-}0.4%ID/g at 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h p.i., resulting in increased tumour to blood ratios ranging from 6.0 at 24 h to 45.9 at 72 h p.i. Fully concordant labelling and biodistribution results were obtained with {sup 124}I- and {sup 131}I-L19-SIP. Immuno-PET with {sup 124}I-L19-SIP using a high-resolution research tomograph PET scanner revealed clear delineation of the tumours as small as 50 mm{sup 3} and no adverse uptake in other organs. {sup 124}I-MAb conjugates for clinical immuno-PET can be efficiently produced. Immuno-PET with {sup 124}I-L19-SIP appeared qualified for sensitive

Effective Half-life of I-131 in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated by Radioactive I-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Seok Gun [Dankook University, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

2008-12-15

Effective half life of I-131 (T{sub eff}) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated by I-131 is must-know value for dose calculation and determination of release time from isolation room. There has been no report about T{sub eff} in Koreans. Thus, author tried to measure dose rate without radiation exposure to faculty members and calculated T{sub eff}. Probe of radiation survey meter was fixed at the wall of isolation room, and body of survey meter was placed outside the room. With this simple arrangement, author could measure radiation frequently without radiation exposure to faculty members in 68 patient (F=55, M=13, age=47{+-}13.7) treated by I-131 (3.7{approx}7.4 GBq) for differentiated thyroid cancer from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006. From this data, T{sub eff}, 48 hr retention rate, and the time necessary to whole body retention of I-131 become less than 1.1 GBq were calculated. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after thyroid hormone withdrawal. T{sub eff} was 15.4{+-}4.3 hr (9.4{approx}32.5 hr). There was a loose correlation between T{sub eff} and serum creatinine concentration (r=0.45). 48hr retention was 4.9{+-}4.2% (1{approx}23%). Time necessary to whole body retention of I-131 become less than 1.1 GBq was calculated as 47.1{+-}13.2 hr for 9.25 GBq, 42.1{+-}11.9 hr for 7.4 GBq, 35.7{+-}10.0 hr for 5.55 GBq, and 26.7{+-}7.5 hr for 3.7 GBq dose of I-131. Author successfully measured radiation dose rates in isolated patients treated by high dose of I-131 without radiation exposure to the faculty members with simple arrangement of survey meter probe. Using those data, T{sub eff} and some other indices were calculated.

B-lymphocyte reconstitution after repeated rituximab treatment in a child with steroid-dependent autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annelieke A.A. van der Linde

2011-12-01

Full Text Available We report the detailed long-term reconstitution of B-lymphocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulins, and specific antibody production after two courses of rituximab in a young, previously healthy girl with steroid-dependent autoimmune hemolytic anemia. B-lymphocyte subpopulations were surprisingly normal directly after reconstitution. However, there was a slower reconstitution after the second rituximab course, especially of non-switched and switched memory B-lymphocytes, and a temporary decline in IgM below age-matched reference values.

Treatment of hyperthyroidism complicated with severe hepatitis by 131I and artificial liver support system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Hui; Deng Haoyu; Li Xinhui; Liang Changhua; Zhang Yangde

2006-01-01

Objective: To assess the clinical application of 131 I and artificial liver support system (ALSS) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism complicated with severe hepatitis. Methods: Forty-three hyperthyroidism patients complicated with severe hepatitis were divided into two groups: 18 cases treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) as group A, and 25 cases with 131 I therapy as group B, the group B was further divided into: 12 cases were treated without ALSS as group B1, while 13 cases with ALSS as in group B2. The cure and improved rates were compared between group A and B, and the cure rates were compared between group B1 and B2, respectively. Moreover, the changes of serum level of thyroid and liver function indexes before and 1 week after each ALSS therapy were observed. Results: The cure and improved rate of group B (96.0%) was significantly higher than that of group A (61.1%), and the cure rate of group B2 (84.6%) was significantly higher than that of group B1 (33.3%, P 3 , FT 4 , total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) improved obviously after ALSS therapy (P 131 I is more effective. Besides, ALSS is safe, and it can improve cure rate. (authors)

Effects of hydrostatic pressure and biaxial strains on the elastic and electronic properties of t-C8B2N2

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Haiyan; Shi, Liwei; Li, Shuaiqi; Duan, Yifeng; Zhang, Shaobo; Xia, Wangsuo

2018-04-01

The effects of hydrostatic pressure and biaxial strains on the elastic and electronic properties of a superhard material t-C8B2N2 have been studied using first-principles calculations. The structure is proven to be mechanically and dynamically stable under the applied external forces. All the elastic constants (except C66) and elastic modulus increase (decrease) with increasing pressure and compressive (tensile) biaxial strain ɛxx. A microscopic model is used to calculate the Vicker's hardness of every single bond as well as the crystal. The hardness of t-C8B2N2 (64.7 GPa) exceeds that of c-BN (62 GPa) and increases obviously by employing pressure and compressive ɛxx. Furthermore, the Debye temperature and anisotropy of sound velocities for t-C8B2N2 have been discussed. t-C8B2N2 undergoes an indirect to direct bandgap transition when ɛxx > 2%; however, the indirect bandgap character of the material remains under pressure.

Adrenal scintigraphy using 131I-Adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukunaga, Masao; Dokoh, Shigeharu; Yamamoto, Itsuo; Morita, Rikushi; Torizuka, Kanji

1977-01-01

131 I-Adosterol (6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-3β-ol) was administered to evaluate adrenal grand in 20 patients including 9 patients with primary aldosteronism, 5 with Cushing's syndrome, one with pheochromocytoma, one with retroperitoneal tumor, 3 with essential hypertension and one with obesity. Standard scintigraphies were performed at 3rd day and again 6th day after administration of 131 I-adosterol (1-1.5 mCi). Suppression scintigraphies were obtained while the patients were taking dexamethasone 2 to 3 mg daily from 3 days prior to injection of the tracer until adrenal imaging. In the cases with essential hypertension and obesity, both adrenal glands were delineated equally by standard scintigraphy, and in one patient, undergone suppression scintigraphy, the uptake of 131 I-adosterol by both glands were completely inhibited by dexamethasone administration. In primary aldosteronism, six of the 9 patients demonstrated the increased radioactivity in one side, and were diagnosed as aldosteronoma. In 3 cases, failed to show the lesions on standard scintigraphy, the lesions could be detected by suppression scintigraphy, and aldosteronomas measuring 1 x 1 x 0.7, 2 x 2 x 1 and 1.7 x 1.5 x 0.8 cm were confirmed by operation. In Cushing's syndrome, standard scintigraphy could easily distinguish between adenoma (one case) and bilateral hyperplasia (4 cases). Adrenal scintigraphy was also a useful method in order to assess the effect of pituitary irradiation therapy in the case of hyperplasia. In pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal tumor, the side of the lesion was identified by the absence of a functioning gland. Suppression scintigraphy was particularly useful in detecting the localization of the small tumor in primary aldosteronism. (auth.)

Investigation of Radioiodination of Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Compound with 131I Isotope in Solid Phase Using Cu Catalyzer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davarpanah, M. R.; Attar Nosrati, S.; Khoshhosn, H.; Kazemi Boudani, M.; Fazlali, M.; Ghannadi Maragheh, M.

2012-01-01

In this study the radioiodination process of meta-iodobenzylguanidine with 131 I isotope in presence of ammonium sulphate and Cu(II) Catalyzer was investigated. In order to optimize the process, the influence of different parameters on labeling yield was studied. The results of experiments showed that the use of oil bath with temperature of 160 d egree C is necessary. After the labeling process, purification step of the final product was carried out using Dowex-1 x 8 resin. The mean labeling yield was 97.2 p ercent . In this method radiolabelling of MIBG with 131 I (185 MBq for diagnostic dose and 3330 MBq for therapeutic dose) is quite simple and it complies with the requirements of routine production of 13 1I-MIBG radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This paper is a narration of industrial scale production of 131 I-MIBG radiopharmaceutical.

A Comparative Study of 131I-Hippuran Renogram, 131I-Hippuran Urinary Excretion Test and Intravenous Pyelogram in Obstructive Uropathy due to Cancerous Invasion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Kee Bok; Rhee, Chong Heon; Hong, Chang Gi; Park, Soo Seong; Koh, Chang Soon

1968-01-01

A comparative study of 131 I-hippuran renogram, 131 I-hippuran excretion test and intravenous pyelogram were performed in 61 cases of gynecological cancer. The following were the results: 1) Among 40 cases of cervix cancer showing normal excretory urography 7 cases (17.5%) were found to have unilateral or bilateral delayed excretory pattern on 131 I-hippuran renogram and on the contrary only 2 cases (5.7%) showed a mild caliectatic change on excretory urography among 35 cases of gynecological cancer showing normal pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram. 2) In the group showing unilateral of bilateral delayed excretory pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram there was a reduction of 131 I-hippuran excretion in the first 20 minutes, but there was no significant difference of 131 I-hippuran excretion in 60 minutes compared with that of normal renogram group. 3) In the group showing unilateral non-functioning pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram in one side and normal pattern in the other side there was found to be no difference in 131 I-hippuran excretion amount compared with that of normal renogram group. 4) It was evident from these experimental study that 131 I-hippuran renogram was considered as a good examination method for the evaluation of obstructive uropathy, and if one side kidney was intact it might compensate for the other diseased kidney so far as to renal excretory function. It was also shown that the more severe the cancerous spread in the pelvic wall the more changes on 131 I-hippuran renogram.

131I treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism: a cohort study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Chien-Mu; Doyle, Pat; Tsan, Yu-Tse; Lee, Chang-Hsing; Wang, Jung-Der; Chen, Pau-Chung

2014-01-01

To evaluate the association between 131 I therapy for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism. This was a nationwide population-based cohort study of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed during the period 1997-2008. The data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research dataset. The cumulative 131 I dose in each patient was calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of 131 I therapy on the risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism in the cohort. A total of 8,946 patients with thyroid cancer were eligible for the final analysis. Among these patients, 8 developed primary hyperparathyroidism during the follow-up period that represented 38,248 person-years giving an incidence rate of 20.9 per 10 5 person-years. 131 I was used in the treatment of 6,153 patients (68.8 %) with a median cumulative dose of 3.7 GBq. The adjusted HRs were 0.21 (95% CI 0.02-1.86) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.10-2.10) for those receiving a cumulative 131 I dose of 0.1-3.6 GBq and ≥3.7 GBq, respectively, compared to no therapy. The risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism did not increase with increasing 131 I dose (test for trend p = 0.51). No interaction was found between 131 I dose and age (p = 0.94) or 131 I dose and sex (p = 0.99). 131 I treatment for thyroid cancer did not increase risk of primary hyperparathyroidism during a 10-year follow-up in this study population. Further research with a longer follow-up period is needed to assess late adverse effects beyond 10 years. (orig.)

131I treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism: a cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chien-Mu; Doyle, Pat; Tsan, Yu-Tse; Lee, Chang-Hsing; Wang, Jung-Der; Chen, Pau-Chung

2014-02-01

To evaluate the association between (131)I therapy for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism. This was a nationwide population-based cohort study of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed during the period 1997-2008. The data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research dataset. The cumulative (131)I dose in each patient was calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of (131)I therapy on the risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism in the cohort. A total of 8,946 patients with thyroid cancer were eligible for the final analysis. Among these patients, 8 developed primary hyperparathyroidism during the follow-up period that represented 38,248 person-years giving an incidence rate of 20.9 per 10(5) person-years. (131)I was used in the treatment of 6,153 patients (68.8%) with a median cumulative dose of 3.7 GBq. The adjusted HRs were 0.21 (95% CI 0.02-1.86) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.10-2.10) for those receiving a cumulative (131)I dose of 0.1-3.6 GBq and ≥3.7 GBq, respectively, compared to no therapy. The risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism did not increase with increasing (131)I dose (test for trend p = 0.51). No interaction was found between (131)I dose and age (p = 0.94) or (131)I dose and sex (p = 0.99). (131)I treatment for thyroid cancer did not increase risk of primary hyperparathyroidism during a 10-year follow-up in this study population. Further research with a longer follow-up period is needed to assess late adverse effects beyond 10 years.

Medically-derived I-131: a potential tool for understanding the fate of wastewater nitrogen in aquatic systems

Science.gov (United States)

Rose, P. S.; Smith, J. P.; Aller, R. C.; Cochran, J. K.; Swanson, R. L.; Murthy, S. N.; Coffin, R. B.

2010-12-01

Iodine-131(t1/2 = 8 days) has been measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), Washington, DC. The source of I-131 is medical, where it is commonly used to treat thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. Iodine is metabolized by patients and eliminated primarily in urine. While other medical radioisotopes may enter the environment via sewage effluent, the nature and quantity of treatments using I-131 cause it to account for much of the radioactivity in sewage effluent. Natural iodine in aquatic systems is biologically cycled similar to other nutrients, such as nitrogen. Iodine-131 concentrations measured in sewage effluent from Blue Plains WPCP and in the Potomac River suggest a relatively continuous discharge of this isotope. Dissolved I-131 shows a strong, positive correlation with δ15N values of nitrate in the river. The range of I-131 concentrations detected in surface waters is 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.68 ± 0.02 Bq/L. Surface water δ15NO3 values ranged from 8.7 ± 0.3 to 33.4 ± 7.3 ‰ with NO3+NO2 concentrations between 0.38 ± 0.02 and 2.79 ± 0.13 mgN/L. Sediment profiles of particulate I-131 and δ15N indicate rapid mixing or sedimentation and in many cases remineralization of a heavy nitrogen source consistent with wastewater nitrogen. Iodine-131 concentrations in sediments ranged from 1.31 ± 0.8 to 117 ± 2 Bq/kg dry weight. Values of δ15N in sediments ranged from 4.7 ± 0.1 ‰ to 9.3 ± 0.1 ‰. We propose that I-131 coupled with δ15N can be an excellent tracer for the short-term fate of wastewater nitrogen in this system. However, the utility of I-131 as a tracer is not limited to use in the Potomac River. Other studies have documented the presence of I-131 in several aquatic systems and continuous discharges of this radioisotope in sewage effluent are likely to be widespread in urban environments.

Labeling method of 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin with 131I and its biodistribution in experimental animals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Xinyu; Liu Lu; Gao Wen; Chen Daozhen; Huang Ying; Yang Min; Luo Shineng

2008-01-01

Objective: The aims of the study were to find out the optimal 131 I labeling method with 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and also to study its biodistribution in animals. Methods: 131 I-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na 131 I in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The labeling efficiency and the stability of 131 I-17-AAG were measured by paper chromatograph. The biodistribution in the ICR normal mice was observed by the blood samplings and major organs that were taken out from mice at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24 h after 131 I-17-AAG injection through tail veins. VX2 tumor was also implanted in rabbit liver for in vivo imaging with SPECT. Results: The optimal labeling conditions of 17-AAG with mi were determined. The labeling efficiency was 85.65%. The radiochemical purity of 131 I- 17-AAG in acetoacetate solution was (96.51 ± 0.80)% after purification and its radiochemical purity in normal saline solution was (95.57 ± 0.09)%. The radiochemical purity could keep to 90% in normal saline after 5 d at 4 degree C. The biodistribution study in normal mice showed that the uptake (percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue, % ID/g) in liver and kidney was less than that in cholecyst [(3.0963 ± 1.3394) %ID/g] at 0.5 h post-injection, and the uptake in stomach and intestine reached to the highest level at 4 h post-injection. The SPECT images showed that the 131 I-17-AAG was obviously concentrated in the tumor after injection at 2 h and 4 d, 6 d, 14 d with the highest tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) radioactivity ratio of 10.36. Conclusions: The labeling method of 17-AAG with 131 I was successfully established. The 131 I-17-AAG in normal saline had a good stability. The main biodistribution in mice was in digestive system and was excreted through the intestinal tract. The SPECT images showed that 131 I-17-AAG might be a potential target-directed agent to the tumor. (authors)

Feasibility and toxicity of concomitant radio/immunotherapy with MabThera (Rituximab {sup registered}) for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of a prospective phase I/II study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haidenberger, Alfred; Popper, Bela-Andre; Skvortsova, Ira; Lukas, Peter [Medical Univ. Innsbruck (Austria). Dept. of Radiotherapy/Radiooncology; Fromm-Haidenberger, Sabine [Hospital Gmunden (Austria). Inst. of Radiology; Vries, Alexander de [Hospital Feldkirch (Austria). Dept. of Radiotherapy/Radiooncology; Steurer, Michael; Kantner, Johanna; Gunsilius, Eberhard [Medical Univ. Innsbruck (Austria). Dept. of Hematology

2011-05-15

Purpose: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) have a high radio- and chemosensitivity. Although initially responsive, approximately 50% of low grade B-cell lymphomas relapse after 10-15 years. Besides chemo- and radiotherapy, rituximab, a mouse/human chimeric antibody targeting CD20 antigen on the surface of B-cell lymphoma cells, is another treatment approach. In vitro data showed potentiation of radiation-induced apoptosis by addition of rituximab. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of radiotherapy with concomitant application of rituximab in NHL patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 21 patients with B-cell lymphoma (stage I: n = 11; II: n = 5; III: n = 1; IV: n = 4) were included in this study, treated with radiotherapy of 30-40 Gy and weekly application of rituximab (375 mg/m{sup 2}). Nine patients had R-CHOP chemotherapy previously, 1 patient leuceran chemotherapy, and 2 patients an initial treatment with 6 cycles of rituximab. Mean time of follow-up was 41.7 months. Results: No grade 4 toxicity or treatment-related death was observed. In 1 patient, rituximab application had to be stopped after 3 cycles due to radiation-induced side effects. No late toxicities were reported. All patients were in complete remission after treatment. Progression or relapse was observed in 6 patients (28%); the mean time to progression was 27 months. The mean overall survival (OS) was 53 months. Conclusion: Combined radio/immunotherapy is feasible and safe. Treatment was well tolerated, no late toxicities were observed, and treatment outcome is promising. Randomized trials are necessary to clarify the benefit of this treatment approach and its applicability. (orig.)

Rituximab: An emerging therapeutic agent for kidney transplantation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseph Kahwaji

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Joseph Kahwaji, Chris Tong, Stanley C Jordan, Ashley A VoComprehensive Transplant Center, Transplant immunology Laboratory, HLA Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USAAbstract: Rituximab (anti-CD20, anti-B-cell is now emerging as an important drug for modification of B-cell and antibody responses in solid-organ transplant recipients. Its uses are varied and range from facilitating desensitization and ABO blood group-incompatible transplantation to the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD, and recurrent glomerular diseases in the renal allograft. Despite these uses, prospective randomized trials are lacking. Only case reports exist in regards to its use in de novo and recurrent diseases in the renal allograft. Recent reports suggests that the addition of rituximab to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG may have significant benefits for desensitization and treatment of AMR and chronic rejection. Current dosing recommendations are based on data from United States Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for treatment of B-cell lymphomas and rheumatoid arthritis. From the initial reported experience in solid organ transplant recipients, the drug is well tolerated and not associated with increased infectious risks. However, close monitoring for viral infections is recommended with rituximab use. The occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML has been reported with rituximab use. However, this is rare and not reported in the renal transplant population. Here we will review current information regarding the effectiveness of rituximab as an agent for desensitization of highly human leukocyte antigen-sensitized and ABO-incompatible transplant recipients and its use in treatment of AMR. In addition, the post-transplant use of rituximab for treatment of PTLD and for recurrent and de novo glomerulonephritis in the allograft will be discussed. In

Improvement of the obtention process of {sup 131} I of ININ through studies of equipment design and process parameters fitting in the simulator; Perfeccionamiento del proceso de obtencion del {sup 131} I del ININ mediante estudios de diseno del equipo y ajustes de parametros del proceso en el simulador

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zepeda M, M C

2006-07-01

The main objective of the work was to achieve a high yield of the reaction that happens among the vapors of {sup 131} I and the NaOH to obtain sodium iodide (Na{sup 131} I) in solution optimizing the contact time of the molecules in gaseous state of {sup 131} I with the NaOH molecules through the bubbling velocity of the {sup 131} I in the solution of NaOH 0.1 N, as well as the operation temperature during the distillation process by dry via starting from tellurium dioxide (TeO{sub 2}) with the purpose of that the {sup 131} I that is obtained in the form of Na{sup 131} I solution presents the necessary quality that allows to distribute it in the market. The particular objectives were: a) To improve the distillation equipment used for the obtaining of {sup 131} I starting from irradiated tellurium dioxide redrawing the dilution system with the purpose of recovering the {sup 131} I in a minimum volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). b) To achieve a bigger time of contact among the molecules of {sup 131} I in gaseous state with the molecules of NaOH in solution through the bubbling velocity and of the redrawing of the dilution system. c) To implement the production of {sup 131} I by dry distillation via starting from tellurium dioxide, obtaining it with a high radionuclide and radiochemical purity. d) To obtain {sup 131} I with the necessary specifications that it marks the pharmacopoeia and it can be used with medical ends. (Author)

Endobronchial administration of iodine-131 B72.3 monoclonal antibody in patients with lung cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Del Vecchio, S.; Mansi, L.; Petrillo, A.; Camera, L.; Salvatore, M.; Sofia, M.; Marra, A.; Carratu, L.

1991-01-01

We tested the feasibility of endobronchial administration of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and the biodistribution of the radiotracer. Ten patients with histological confirmed adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were studied. Nine received 470 μCi (103 μg) of 131 I-B72.3, a monoclonal antibody reacting against TAG 72 antigen, while one patient received 502 μCi (291 μg) of 131 I-4C4, an indifferent antibody used for comparison in a negative control study. The radiolabelled antibody was administered through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope and placed on the tumour mass under visual monitoring. Scans with a large field-of-view gamma-camera showed retention of 131 I-B72.3 at the tumour site up to 6-9 days in six of eight patients. No other organs were visualized with the exception of faint activity in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder and thyroid. On the contrary, the indifferent antibody 131 I-4C4 was not retained at the tumour site 6 days after MoAbs administration, and more prominent activity was found in the gastrointestinal tract. In one patient the study was not technically adequate because of failure of the delivery system. The vascular compartment contained less than 3% of the administered dose. We conclude that endobronchial administration is a feasible technique and allows stable and specific targetting of bronchial tumours. Furthermore, the low activity found in the plasma and other organs suggests that this approach may be used to deliver therapeutic doses of MoAbs to lung cancers. (orig.)

Tc-99m imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before I-131 treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsai, Chi-Jung; Cheng, Cheng-Yi; Shen, Daniel Hueng-Yuan; Kuo, Shou Jen; Wang, Lien-Yen; Lee, Chiang-Hsuan; Wang, Jhi-Joung; Chang, Ming-Che; Huang, Wen-Sheng

2016-02-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before radioiodine-131 (I-131) treatment (Tx). Eighty-six consecutive post-total-thyroidectomy patients (15 men, 71 women; mean age: 46.8 years) with pathologically diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively studied. Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx using both patient-based and lesion-based measurements were analyzed and were further compared with those of post-Tx I-131 whole-body scans. For patients with unequivocally positive Tc-99m uptake, the sensitivity was 77% (patient-based) and 59% (site-based). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% for both patient-based and site-based measurements. If equivocal Tc-99m uptake was counted as positive, the sensitivity was 83 and 67%, and the PPV was 100 and 99% for patient-based and site-based measurements, respectively. (a) To increase sensitivity yet maintaining high PPV, equivocal Tc-99m uptake should be considered a positive finding. (b) The nearly 100% PPV of Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx for remnant detection suggests that Tc-99m imaging not only serves as an alternative to low-dose I-131 scanning in the low-risk post-thyroidectomy patients but also provides a clue for the subsequent I-131 therapeutic dosage and even for the outcome prediction.

The influence of I-131 therapy on FDG uptake in differentiated thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hung Guanguei; Lee Kwowhei; Liao Peiyung; Yang Liheng; Yang Kwangtao

2008-01-01

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) [or PET/computed tomography (CT)] is more likely to show false-negative results when it is performed shortly after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy because of ''metabolic stunning''. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of I-131 therapy on FDG uptake and the detection of recurrence or metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We retrospectively enrolled 16 consecutive FDG-PET/CT studies which had been performed in patients with DTC with elevated thyroglobulin (TG) but negative I-131 whole-body scan. All studies were performed under L-thyroxine suppression. The patients were divided into groups A and B for PET/CT performed within 4 months of I-131 therapy or no such therapy, respectively. Each lesion identified on PET/CT was characterized using a 5-point scale by visual analysis: 0=definitely benign, 1=probably benign, 2=equivocal, 3=probably malignant, and 4=definitely malignant. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) in each lesion was also measured for semiquantitative analysis. We compared the visual grading and SUV max of the lesion of highest FDG uptake between groups A and B. For visual analysis, group B had significantly more patients with an uptake score of 3 or 4 than group A (80% vs. 17%, P=0.01). In addition, there were significantly more equivocal results from group A than from group B (67% vs. 10%, P=0.02). If the patients with the highest uptake scores of 2, 3, and 4 were considered to be positive for local recurrence or metastasis, there would be no significant difference between the positive rates of groups A and B (83% vs. 90%, P=0.7). However, the mean SUV max of positive results was significantly lower for group A than for group B (3.1±0.9 and 6.6±3.5 respectively, P=0.02). The preliminary results suggested that FDG uptake in DTC may be negatively influenced by I-131 therapy within 4 months, resulting in lower FDG uptake and more equivocal results

Pharmacokinetics of {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} and {sup 131}I-OIH. Comparative study based on 2 compartment model analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shuke, Noriyuki; Takashio, Tetsuya; Sato, Junichi [Asahikawa Medical Coll., Hokkaido (Japan). Hospital] [and others

1996-05-01

We studied 50 patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction to compare pharmacokinetics of {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} with that of {sup 131}I-OIH. After simultaneous bolus injection of both {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} and {sup 131}I-OIH, 8-point venous blood sampling was performed from 2 to 44 min post injection. Aliquoted plasma samples were counted for radioactivity along with the injected standard to obtain % injected dose/ml plasma for each tracer. Using obtained time-concentration data, classical 2 compartment model analysis was performed for both tracers to obtain various pharmacokinetic parameters, including distribution volumes (Vds), intercompartmental rate constants, and plasma clearance. In these parameters, Vd of central compartment, Vd at steady state, central to peripheral inter-compartmental rate constant, and plasma clearance were significantly larger for {sup 131}I-OIH. In all parameters, significant correlation was found between {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} and {sup 131}I-OIH. The best correlation was seen in plasma clearance (r=0.891, p<0.0001). Plasma clearance ratio ({sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3}/{sup 131}I-OIH), however, showed weak but significant negative correlation with serum creatinine, although this correlation was not likely to affect the overall correlation of clearance between {sup 131}I-OIH and {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3}. From these results, we comfirmed that {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} clearance could be used as an alternative to {sup 131}I-OIH clearance, although pharmacokinetic behavior of {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} was not exactly the same as that of {sup 131}I-OIH. (author)

Operational tests and irradiation programming proposal for the industrial production of {sup 131} I in the TRIGA Mark III reactor of the Nuclear Centre (ININ); Pruebas operacionales y propuesta de programacion de irradiacion para la produccion industrial de {sup 131} I en el reactor TRIGA Mark III del Centro Nuclear (ININ)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alanis M, J.; Reyes J, J.L.; Ruiz C, M.A. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2003-07-01

In the National Institute of Nuclear Research it was recently finished the project for the production of I-131 at industrial level, the one which can divide basically in: (a) Preparation of the raw materials (TeO{sub 2}), (b) Sintering, (c) Neutron irradiation and (d) Separation of the I-131. With the end of starting the industrial production of this process, in this work it is presented the operational tests and an irradiation proposal of the TeO{sub 2} to obtain quantities of I-131 that cover, if not totally, partially the national market. For this, they were carried out irradiation tests of 6 samples to different flows of neutrons. The result of these tests settles down that irradiating a mass of 240 g TeO{sub 2} to a neutron flow of 6.53 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2}s in 4 cycles of 30 h per week approximately 2.54 Ci/week of I-131 distilled are obtained, which represents 35% of the demand of the Plant of Radioisotopes production of the ININ. (Author)

{sup 131}I treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism: a cohort study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Chien-Mu [Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei (China); Taipei Medical University, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taipei (China); Doyle, Pat [London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London (United Kingdom); Tsan, Yu-Tse [National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Taipei (China); Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung (China); Chung Shan Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung (China); Lee, Chang-Hsing [Ton Yen General Hospital, Department of Occupational Medicine, Hsinchu County (China); Wang, Jung-Der [National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Taipei (China); National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tainan (China); Chen, Pau-Chung [National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Taipei (China); National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Department of Public Health, Taipei (China); National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Taipei (China); Collaboration: Health Data Analysis in Taiwan (hDATa) Research Group

2014-02-15

To evaluate the association between {sup 131}I therapy for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism. This was a nationwide population-based cohort study of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed during the period 1997-2008. The data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research dataset. The cumulative {sup 131}I dose in each patient was calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of {sup 131}I therapy on the risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism in the cohort. A total of 8,946 patients with thyroid cancer were eligible for the final analysis. Among these patients, 8 developed primary hyperparathyroidism during the follow-up period that represented 38,248 person-years giving an incidence rate of 20.9 per 10{sup 5} person-years. {sup 131}I was used in the treatment of 6,153 patients (68.8 %) with a median cumulative dose of 3.7 GBq. The adjusted HRs were 0.21 (95% CI 0.02-1.86) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.10-2.10) for those receiving a cumulative {sup 131}I dose of 0.1-3.6 GBq and ≥3.7 GBq, respectively, compared to no therapy. The risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism did not increase with increasing {sup 131}I dose (test for trend p = 0.51). No interaction was found between {sup 131}I dose and age (p = 0.94) or {sup 131}I dose and sex (p = 0.99). {sup 131}I treatment for thyroid cancer did not increase risk of primary hyperparathyroidism during a 10-year follow-up in this study population. Further research with a longer follow-up period is needed to assess late adverse effects beyond 10 years. (orig.)

Evaluation of irradiation in patient's environment receiving 131I therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Husar, J.; Fueriova, A.; Borovicova, F.

1998-01-01

This article describes measurements made in the bed station of Clinic of Nuclear Medicine in St. Elizabeth Oncological Institute in Bratislava. There are treated thyroid cancer and thyrotoxicosis with the use of 131 I. The aim of the measurements was to determine the possibility of the ambulation treatment of thyrotoxicosis or the possibility of shortening of the patient;s stay in the bed station that the effective dose would not be exceeded suggestions according to the publication of EURATOM. The measurements were made also with thyroid cancer patients but owing to clinical reasons the ambulation treating in this case is not permissible. Therefore this article does not describe the results of these measurements.The effective dose rates were measured in 0.25 m; 0.5 m; 1 m and 2 m distances from the patient's thyroid so the effective dose in the patient's surroundings could be determined. To the present time the results of effective dose rates measurements for 17 patients were evaluated by described way. The age of the patients was from 41 to 82 years, the administered quantity of 131 I was from 259 to 481 MBq, in fractions 37 MBq, 74 MBq, or 111 MBq. The calculated effective half-life of 131 I excretion from the patients body is crucial for the length of patient's necessary staying in the bed station, were from 4.2 days to 8 days. This great extend of values is given by by the different clinical parameters of the treated patients. After the analyse of them can be said that the effective half-life increases, when the patient is elder, has greater mass of thyroid and the accumulation is higher. At the present time authors don't suggest using the ambulation treatment of thyrotoxicosis by 131 I. For discharging the patient from the hospital authors suggest to think criteria according to the model of behaviour D with the effective dose limit 0.5 mSv. For the households with children up to 2 years and/or pregnant women according to the model B with effective dose limit 0

Improvement of the obtention process of 131 I of ININ through studies of equipment design and process parameters fitting in the simulator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zepeda M, M.C.

2006-01-01

The main objective of the work was to achieve a high yield of the reaction that happens among the vapors of 131 I and the NaOH to obtain sodium iodide (Na 131 I) in solution optimizing the contact time of the molecules in gaseous state of 131 I with the NaOH molecules through the bubbling velocity of the 131 I in the solution of NaOH 0.1 N, as well as the operation temperature during the distillation process by dry via starting from tellurium dioxide (TeO 2 ) with the purpose of that the 131 I that is obtained in the form of Na 131 I solution presents the necessary quality that allows to distribute it in the market. The particular objectives were: a) To improve the distillation equipment used for the obtaining of 131 I starting from irradiated tellurium dioxide redrawing the dilution system with the purpose of recovering the 131 I in a minimum volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). b) To achieve a bigger time of contact among the molecules of 131 I in gaseous state with the molecules of NaOH in solution through the bubbling velocity and of the redrawing of the dilution system. c) To implement the production of 131 I by dry distillation via starting from tellurium dioxide, obtaining it with a high radionuclide and radiochemical purity. d) To obtain 131 I with the necessary specifications that it marks the pharmacopoeia and it can be used with medical ends. (Author)

Visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma with 131I-Adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maruoka, Shin; Nakamura, Mamoru

1987-01-01

There are very few literatures on successful visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma by means of 131 I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, although many reports have referred to utility of 131 I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy for adrenal disorders. Since 1976, we have experienced 4 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma which were delineated by 131 I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol ( 131 I-Adosterol). Three of 4 cases were adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome, and one was adrenocortical carcinoma with adrenogenital syndrome. In 3 cases of cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, uptake in the tumor and lack of uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland were seen. Faint to moderate uptakes were observed in the 2 cases, but another one showed as high uptake as seen in adenoma. Patient with androgen secreting adrenocortical carcinoma had increased uptake in the tumor and showed faint uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland. Intensity of 131 I-Adosterol uptake in adrenocortical carcinoma seems to depend on the extent of tumor necrosis, cell differentiation and function. (author)

Hepatitis B reactivation and rituximab: a new boxed warning and considerations for solid organ transplantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, S T; Cardwell, S M; Nailor, M D; Gabardi, S

2014-04-01

Use of rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed at the CD20 antigen, continues to increase in solid organ transplantation (SOT) for several off-label uses. In September 2013, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Safety Communication to oncology, rheumatology and pharmacy communities outlining a new Boxed Warning for rituximab. Citing 109 cases of fatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in persons receiving rituximab therapy with previous or chronic HBV infection documented in their Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), the FDA recommends screening for HBV serologies in all patients planned to receive rituximab and antiviral prophylaxis in any patient with a positive history of HBV infection. There is a lack of data pertaining to this topic in the SOT population despite an increase in off-label indications. Previous reports suggest patients receiving rituximab, on average, were administered six doses prior to HBV reactivation. Recommendations on prophylaxis, treatment and re-challenging patients with therapy after resolution of reactivation remain unclear. Based on data from the FDA AERS and multiple analyses in oncology, SOT providers utilizing rituximab should adhere to the FDA warnings and recommendations regarding HBV reactivation until further data are available in the SOT population. © Copyright 2014 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Quality control of 131I treatment of graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Zeng; Liu Guoqiang

2009-01-01

To make a preliminary quality control (QC) criteria and apply on the various stages of clinic 131 I treatment of Graves' disease in order to decrease the early happening of hypothyroidism and enhance the onetime 131 I cure rate of Graves' disease, the quality control criteria in the stochastic outpatient with 131 I treatment, such as plan of the indication, contraindication, method of treatment, matters needing attention, follow-up observation and curative effect appraisal, patient selection, RAIU, thyroid gland weight measurement and 131 I dose criteria for the various steps of 131 I medication were determined. The 131 I treatment effects of Graves' disease including the once-cure rate, the improving rate, duplicate cure rate and the early happening rate of hypothyroidism were analyzed in patients with applying QC and without QC ccriteria. The results showed that the oncecure rate in patients with applying QC criteria was increased from 76.6% to 90.9% (P≤0.01); the improving rate was decreased from 12.2% to 7.0% (P≤0.01); the duplicate cure rate was increased from 90.1% to 93.0% (P>0.05); the early happening rate of hypothyroidism was decreased from 11.0% to 2.1% (P≤0.01). The 131 I treatment of Graves' disease applying with QC criteria had tremendously improved the oncecure rate and decreased the early happening of hypothyroidism rate. (authors)

MDM2 phenotypic and genotypic profiling, respective to TP53 genetic status, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-CHOP immunochemotherapy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Xu-Monette, Zijun Y; Møller, Michael B; Tzankov, Alexander

2013-01-01

MDM2 is a key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, however, the prognostic significance of MDM2 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been defined convincingly. In a p53 genetically-defined large cohort of de novo DLBCL patients treated with rituximab, cycloph...

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Rituximab in IgA Nephropathy with Proteinuria and Renal Dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lafayette, Richard A; Canetta, Pietro A; Rovin, Brad H; Appel, Gerald B; Novak, Jan; Nath, Karl A; Sethi, Sanjeev; Tumlin, James A; Mehta, Kshama; Hogan, Marie; Erickson, Stephen; Julian, Bruce A; Leung, Nelson; Enders, Felicity T; Brown, Rhubell; Knoppova, Barbora; Hall, Stacy; Fervenza, Fernando C

2017-04-01

IgA nephropathy frequently leads to progressive CKD. Although interest surrounds use of immunosuppressive agents added to standard therapy, several recent studies have questioned efficacy of these agents. Depleting antibody-producing B cells potentially offers a new therapy. In this open label, multicenter study conducted over 1-year follow-up, we randomized 34 adult patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy and proteinuria >1 g/d, maintained on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with well controlled BP and eGFR<90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , to receive standard therapy or rituximab with standard therapy. Primary outcome measures included change in proteinuria and change in eGFR. Median baseline serum creatinine level (range) was 1.4 (0.8-2.4) mg/dl, and proteinuria was 2.1 (0.6-5.3) g/d. Treatment with rituximab depleted B cells and was well tolerated. eGFR did not change in either group. Rituximab did not alter the level of proteinuria compared with that at baseline or in the control group; three patients in each group had ≥50% reduction in level of proteinuria. Serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 or antibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1 did not change. In this trial, rituximab therapy did not significantly improve renal function or proteinuria assessed over 1 year. Although rituximab effectively depleted B cells, it failed to reduce serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 and antigalactose-deficient IgA1 antibodies. Lack of efficacy of rituximab, at least at this stage and severity of IgA nephropathy, may reflect a failure of rituximab to reduce levels of specific antibodies assigned salient pathogenetic roles in IgA nephropathy. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Effect of 131I therapy on outcomes of Graves' ophthalmopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Renfei; Tan Jian; Zhang Guizhi; Yin Liang

2011-01-01

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the therapeutic effect of Graves' hyperthyroidism and the outcomes of Graves' ophthalmopathy after 131 I therapy, and to explore the effect of 131 I treatment on turnout of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Methods: Six hundreds and fifty-two patients of Graves' disease accompanied with Graves' ophthalmopathy, received one-time 131 I treatment according to routine procedure. We recorded exophthalmometer readings, the signs and symptoms of eyes before therapy. Regular follow-up and appraisal of curative effect were carried out. Results: At least six months after 131 I therapy, the effective rate of Graves' hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy were 94.3% and 73.3% respectively. The total effective rate of hyperthyroidism with ophthalmopathy was 71.2%. There was a significant correlation between the prognosis of Graves' ophthalmopathy and therapeutic efficacy of hyperthyroidism (r=0.302, P 131 I therapy (χ 2 =0.296, P>0.05). Conclusions: The key to treat Graves' ophthalmopathy is the cure of Graves' hyperthyroidism through 131 I therapy. The timely diagnosis and replacement treatment of hypothyroidism can effectively avoid the aggravation of Graves' ophthalmopathy after 131 I therapy. (authors)

Absolute lymphocyte count predicts response to rituximab-containing salvage treatment for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with prior rituximab exposure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Man-Hsin Hung

2013-04-01

Conclusion: Our study results show that for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL, rituximab-containing salvage treatment is feasible and generally tolerable. A high ALC-R value was significantly associated with a better response to this treatment.

Hydrochlorothiazide-induced 131I excretion facilitated by salt and water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beyer, K.H. Jr.; Fehr, D.M.; Gelarden, R.T.; White, W.J.; Lang, C.M.; Vesell, E.S.

1981-01-01

Salt intake is restricted under clinical conditions for which thiazide diuretics are customarily used. Dietary iodide intake offsets any effect of thiazide on iodide loss. However, our correlation coefficients relating Na+ to Cl- to I- excretion indicate that as thiazide administration or sodium chloride intake increases renal Na+ and Cl- excretion, I- reabsorption by the nephron coordinately decreases. Increased sodium chloride and water intake by the dog doubled I-excretion rates. Hydrochlorothiazide increased the sodium chloride and water enhanced I-excretion rate as much as eight-fold. Without added NaCl, hydrochlorothiazide increased the excretion rate of 131I by three- to eightfold, acutely. Within five to seven days after 131I oral administration, hydrochlorothiazide (1 or 2 mg/kg twice daily) doubled the rate of 131I disappearance from plasma, reduced the fecal output of 131I, and increased its rate of renal excretion. When hydrochlorothiazide was administered, as much 131I was excreted in the first 24 hours as occurred in 48 hours when sodium chloride and water were given without hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide administration in customary clinical dosage twice a day with substantial sodium chloride and water for the first two days after exposure to 131I, should therefore facilitate the safe excretion of 131I. This accelerated removal of 131I might be enhanced even more if thyroid uptake of 131I is blocked by administration of potassium iodide, as judged by the greater 131I recovery from thyroidectomized dogs

Radioimmunotherapy of Nude Mice Bearing Human Colon Carcinoma with I-131 Labeled Anti-carcinoembryonic Antigen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Byung Tae; Lee, Kyung Han; Kim, Sang Eun; Choi, Yong; Chi, Dae Yoon; Chung, June Key; Lee, Myung Chul; Koh, Chang Soon; Chung, Hong Keun

1995-01-01

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of various factors on the therapeutic effect of the I-l3l labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody(anti-CEA antibody). Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was used to compare in vitro cytotoxicity of 3 Korean colon cancer cell lines (SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5) for selection of proper 2 cell lines in this study. The changes of the size of tumor which was xenografted to nude mice (balb/c nu/nu) were compared in 4 groups (group treated I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody, group treated with non-radiolabeled anti-CEA antibody, group treated with I-131. labeled anti-human chorionic gonadotropin monoclonal antibody (anti-hCG antibody) as nonspecific antibody, and group injected with normal saline as a control). Immunohistochemical staining and in vivo autoradiography were performed after excision of the xenografted tumor. The results were as below mentioned. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody is most prominent in SNU-C5 cell line between 3 cancer cell lines. The changes of xenografted tumor size in both SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 cell tumors at the thirteenth day after injection of the antibodies were smallest in the group treated with I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody (SNU-C4/SNU-C5; 324/342%) comparing with other groups, group treated with anti-CEA antibody (622/660%), group treated with I-131 anti-hCG antibody (538/546%), and control group(1030/724%) (p<0.02 in SNU-C4 and p<0.1in SNU-C5 at the 13th day after injection of antibodies). On the thirteenth day after injection of the antibodies nude mice were sacreficed to count the radiouptake of tumor and to check the changes of tumor size. Correlations between radiouptake and change of tumor size were calculated in each groups and significant negative correlation was only obtained in the group treated with I-131 anti-CEA antibody (p<0.05). There were no correlations between antigenic expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and

Dosimetric study of permanent prostate brachytherapy utilizing 131Cs, 125I and 103Pd seeds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Ruijie; Wang Junjie; Zhang Hongzhi

2009-01-01

Objective: To compare the dosimetric differences of permanent prostate brachytherapy utilizing 131 Cs, 125 I and 103 Pd seeds. Methods: Twenty-five patients with T 1 -T 2 c prostate cancer who had previously implanted with 125 I seeds were randomly selected in our study. The patients were re-planned with 131 Cs, 125 I and 103 Pd seeds by using the Prowess Brachytherapy 3.1 planning system to the prescription doses of 115 Gy, 145 Gy and 125 Gy, respectively. The seed strengths were 1.8 U,0.5 U and 1.8 U, respectively. The prostate, prostatic urethra and anterior wall of the rectum were contoured on trans-rectal ultrasound images. PTV was outlined based on the prostate volume with no margin applied. The attempted planning goals were that V 100 (the percentage volume of the prostate receiving at least 100% of the prescription doses)= 95%, D 90 (the minimum percentage dose covering 90% of the prostate volume) ≥100%, and prostatic urethra UD 10 (the maximum percentage dose receiving by 10% of the contoured urethra) ≤150%. For the plan comparison, we also computed prostate V 150 , prostatic urethra UV 120 , rectum RV 100 , and the number of implanted seeds and needles. The significance of the differences was tested using one way analysis of variance. Results: The average V 200 in the 103 Pd, 125 I and 131 Cs plans were 28.7%, 20.9% and 19.6% (F=42.50, P=0.000); the average V 150 were 51.9%, 42.1% and 39.4% (F=26.15, P=0.000); the average UV 120 were 26.9%, 29.5% and 23.8% (F=0.37, P=0.691); and the average rectum RV 100 were 0.31 cm 3 , 0.22 cm 3 and 0.19 cm 3 (F=0.43, P=0.652). For 103 Pd, 125 I and 131 Cs, the average number of implanted seeds per cm 3 prostate were 2.02, 2.01 and 1.87 (F=1.92, P=0.154), and the average number of needles were 33.6, 32.9 and 31.6 (F=0.26,P=0.772). Conclusions: Comparing to 125 I and 103 Pd seeds used in permanent prostate brachytherapy, 131 Cs seeds has better dose homogeneity, and possible better sparing of the urethra and rectum

A Comparative Study of {sup 131}I-Hippuran Renogram, {sup 131}I-Hippuran Urinary Excretion Test and Intravenous Pyelogram in Obstructive Uropathy due to Cancerous Invasion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Kee Bok; Rhee, Chong Heon; Hong, Chang Gi; Park, Soo Seong; Koh, Chang Soon [Radiological Research Institue, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1968-03-15

A comparative study of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram, {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion test and intravenous pyelogram were performed in 61 cases of gynecological cancer. The following were the results: 1) Among 40 cases of cervix cancer showing normal excretory urography 7 cases (17.5%) were found to have unilateral or bilateral delayed excretory pattern on {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram and on the contrary only 2 cases (5.7%) showed a mild caliectatic change on excretory urography among 35 cases of gynecological cancer showing normal pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram. 2) In the group showing unilateral of bilateral delayed excretory pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram there was a reduction of {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion in the first 20 minutes, but there was no significant difference of {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion in 60 minutes compared with that of normal renogram group. 3) In the group showing unilateral non-functioning pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram in one side and normal pattern in the other side there was found to be no difference in {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion amount compared with that of normal renogram group. 4) It was evident from these experimental study that {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram was considered as a good examination method for the evaluation of obstructive uropathy, and if one side kidney was intact it might compensate for the other diseased kidney so far as to renal excretory function. It was also shown that the more severe the cancerous spread in the pelvic wall the more changes on {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram.

Induction of T helper 1 response by immunization of BALB/c mice with the gene encoding the second subunit of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (EgAgB8/2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boutennoune H.

2012-05-01

Full Text Available A pre-designed plasmid containing the gene encoding the second subunit of Echinococcus granulosus AgB8 (EgAgB8/2 was used to study the effect of the immunization route on the immune response in BALB/c mice. Mice were immunized with pDRIVEEgAgB8/ 2 or pDRIVE empty cassette using the intramuscular (i.m., intranasal (i.n. or the epidermal gene gun (g.g. routes. Analysis of the antibody response and cytokine data revealed that gene immunization by the i.m. route induced a marked bias towards a T helper type 1 (Th1 immune response as characterized by high IFN-γ gene expression and a low IgG1/IgG2a reactivity index (R.I. ratio of 0.04. The i.n. route showed a moderate IFN-γ expression but a higher IgG1/IgG2a R.I. ratio of 0.25 indicating a moderate Th1 response. In contrast, epidermal g.g. immunization induced a Th2 response characterized by high IL-4 expression and the highest IgG1/IgG2a R.I. ratio of 0.58. In conclusion, this study showed the advantage of genetic immunization using the i.m. route and i.n. over the epidermal g.g. routes in the induction of Th1 immunity in response to E. granulosus AgB gene immunization.

Operational tests and irradiation programming proposal for the industrial production of 131 I in the TRIGA Mark III reactor of the Nuclear Centre (ININ)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alanis M, J.; Reyes J, J.L.; Ruiz C, M.A.

2003-01-01

In the National Institute of Nuclear Research it was recently finished the project for the production of I-131 at industrial level, the one which can divide basically in: (a) Preparation of the raw materials (TeO 2 ), (b) Sintering, (c) Neutron irradiation and (d) Separation of the I-131. With the end of starting the industrial production of this process, in this work it is presented the operational tests and an irradiation proposal of the TeO 2 to obtain quantities of I-131 that cover, if not totally, partially the national market. For this, they were carried out irradiation tests of 6 samples to different flows of neutrons. The result of these tests settles down that irradiating a mass of 240 g TeO 2 to a neutron flow of 6.53 x 10 12 n/cm 2 s in 4 cycles of 30 h per week approximately 2.54 Ci/week of I-131 distilled are obtained, which represents 35% of the demand of the Plant of Radioisotopes production of the ININ. (Author)

Asymmetric 1,8/13,2,x-M2C2B10 14-vertex metallacarboranes by direct electrophilic insertion reactions; the VCD and BHD methods in critical analysis of cage C atom positions.

Science.gov (United States)

McAnaw, Amelia; Lopez, Maria Elena; Ellis, David; Rosair, Georgina M; Welch, Alan J

2014-04-07

The isolation of six isomeric, low-symmetry, dicobaltacarboranes with bicapped hexagonal antiprismatic cage structures, always in low yield, is described from reactions in which 13-vertex cobaltacarborane anions and sources of cobalt-containing cations were present. The vertex-to-centroid distance (VCD) and boron-H distance (BHD) methods are used to locate the correct C atom positions in the cages, thus allowing the compounds to be identified as 1,13-Cp2-1,13,2,10-closo-Co2C2B10H12 (1), 1,8-Cp2-3-OEt-1,8,2,10-closo-Co2C2B10H11 (2), 1,13-Cp2-1,13,2,9-closo-Co2C2B10H12 (3), 1,8-Cp2-1,8,2,4-closo-Co2C2B10H12 (4), 1,13-Cp2-1,13,2,4-closo-Co2C2B10H12 (5) and 1,8-Cp2-1,8,2,5-closo-Co2C2B10H12 (6). It is shown that a common alternative method of cage C atom identification, using refined (as B) U(eq) values, does not work well, at least in these cases. Having identified the correct isomeric forms of the six dicobaltacarboranes, their syntheses are tentatively rationalised in terms of the direct electrophilic insertion of a {CpCo(+)} fragment into [CpCoC2B10](-) anions and it is demonstrated that compounds 1, 4, 5 and 6 can be successfully prepared by deliberately performing such reactions.

Inefficient binding of IgM immune complexes to erythrocyte C3b-C4b receptors (CR1) and weak incorporation of C3b-iC3b into the complexes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kávai, M; Rasmussen, J M; Baatrup, G

1988-01-01

, but the binding was low (2-3%) when compared to the binding of the corresponding IgG-IC (50-60%). Solid phase IC were prepared by coating microwells with heat-aggregated bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by incubation with rabbit IgM anti-BSA antibody. The IC were reacted with human serum at 37 degrees C....... The binding of C3b-iC3b was determined by use of biotinylated F(ab')2 antibodies to C3b-C3c and avidin-coupled alkaline phosphatase. The incorporation of C3b-iC3b into solid-phase IgM-IC increased when increasing amounts of IgM antibody were reacted with the antigen. The binding reaction was slow, reaching...

Thyroid cancer following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Iwao

1980-01-01

A women aged 37 who had thyroid cancer after 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism was reported. She had received various conservative therapies and surgical treatments for hyperthyroidism for 10 years before 131 I therapy. Similar cases were picked out from many reports, and their clinical characteristics were discussed. The incidence of thyroid cancer after 131 I therapy, age and sex of patients, dosage of 131 I, histological changes after the irradiation of 131 I, sites of thyroid cancer, and the relationship between 131 I therapy and the occurrence time of thyroid cancer were also considered. (Tsunoda, M.)

Double-hit lymphomas constitute a highly aggressive subgroup in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas in the era of rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Tsutomu; Tsutsumi, Yasuhiko; Sakamoto, Natsumi; Nagoshi, Hisao; Yamamoto-Sugitani, Mio; Shimura, Yuji; Mizutani, Shinsuke; Matsumoto, Yosuke; Nishida, Kazuhiro; Horiike, Shigeo; Asano, Naoko; Nakamura, Shigeo; Kuroda, Junya; Taniwaki, Masafumi

2012-11-01

The incorporation of rituximab in immunochemotherapy has improved treatment outcomes for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but the prognosis for some diffuse large B-cell lymphomas remains dismal. Identification of adverse prognostic subgroups is essential for the choice of appropriate therapeutic strategy. We retrospectively investigated the impact of so-called 'double-hit' cytogenetic abnormalities, i.e. cytogenetic abnormalities involving c-MYC co-existing with other poor prognostic cytogenetic abnormalities involving BCL2, BCL6 or BACH2, on treatment outcomes for 93 consecutive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. According to the revised international prognostic index, no patients were cytogenetically diagnosed with double-hit lymphomas in the 'very good' risk group or in the 'good' risk group, while 5 of 33 patients had double-hit lymphomas in the 'poor' risk group. All the double-hit lymphoma patients possessed both nodal and extranodal involvement. The overall complete response rate was 89.3%, overall survival 87.1% and progression-free survival 75.8% over 2 years (median observation period: 644 days). The complete response rates were 93.2% for the non-double-hit lymphoma patients and 40.0% for the double-hit lymphoma patients. Significantly longer progression-free survival and overall survival were observed for the 'very good' and the 'good' risk patients than for the 'poor' risk patients. Moreover, the progression-free survival of double-hit lymphoma was significantly shorter than that of the non-double-hit lymphoma 'poor' risk patients (P = 0.016). In addition, the overall survival of the double-hit lymphoma patients also tended to be shorter than that of the non-double-hit lymphoma 'poor' risk group. The diagnosis of double-hit lymphoma can help discriminate a subgroup of highly aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and indicate the need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for double-hit lymphoma.

Clinical investigation of 131I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Haiqing; Wu Bian

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate the clinical curative effects of 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease. Methods: Patients with Graves disease took lithium carbonate (250 mg, once per day) orally for 5 weeks. Then they were treated with 131 I (doses=3.15 MBq(80 uCi)/g, based on 60%-70% of the thyroid size). We kept track from 6 to 24 months (averaging 14 months) and classified the results into three: cured, improved or no effect. Results: After a single cycle of 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate, 106 patients with Graves disease were cured, 28 were improved and 8 saw no effects, respectively 74.6%, 19.7% and 5.6% among the 142 patients. We then treated 23 of them with another 131 I therapy (without lithium carbonate). 10 of such were cured (43.5%), 8 were improved (34.8%) and the other 5 saw no effects. Among all patients, hypothyroidism was observed from 25(17.6%), 6 months after the first 131 I therapy. Conclusions: Notable curative results were observed from 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease. Moreover, the dosage of 131 I was therefore decreased, which also lowered the toxicity response. (authors)

Two-compartment model for transport of /sup 131/I via the pasture-cow-milk pathway

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaeffer, D L [BDM Corp., Albuquerque, NM (USA)

1981-07-01

A two-compartment linear systems model has been developed for predicting the transport of /sup 131/I from pasture to milk. The system transfer parameters were determined from previous measurements of concentration of /sup 131/I in vegetation, K/sub v/ (pCi.kg/sup -1/ dry weight), and in milk, C/sub m/ (pCi.l/sup -1/) at the Monticello and Dresden nuclear power stations. These measurements indicated that the vegetation was being pulsed in time with deposits of radioactivity as a result of the action of atmospheric wet processes. Model predictions of the ratio of equilibrium values of C/sub m/ and K/sub v/ obtained from average model parameter values were 0.19 kg.l/sup -1/ for both Monticello and Dresden. This value was higher by factors of 1.5 and 2.8, respectively, than the time-averaged values of the ratio C/sub m//K/sub v/ previously reported. Data measured under pulsed conditions may be used for assessing long-term releases of radioactivity to the environment provided the data are properly time-averaged.

Diagnostic value of β amyloid plaques imaging agent 131I-IMPY brain imaging in early Alzheimer's disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye Wanzhong; Lu Chunxiong; Yang Min; Bao Jiandong; Cheng Zhaohuo; Cai Deliang; Wang Zhiqiang; Yang Bixiu

2012-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of β-amyloid plaques imaging agent [ 131 I] 2( 4-dimethylaminop henyl)-6-iodoimidazo [1, 2-α] pyridine ( 131 I-IMPY) SPECT imaging in early Alzheimer's Disease. Methods: 24 cases of AD (7 males, 17 females, aged 48∼79 years) and 14 normal (6 males, 8 females, aged 42∼67 years) control subjects were selected for this study. 131 I-IMPY SPECT imaging was carried out 2-3 h post injection. 131 I-IMPY uptake defined as the ratio of each brain gyrus and cerebellum uptake on fixed region of interest (ROI) (Rcl/cb) was calculated. Comparative analysis between the two groups was carried out using t-test. Results: In patients with early AD (MCI), 131 I-IMPY was increased in parietal gyrus, temporal gyrus and frontal gyrus compared with normal control group and it were found to be statistically significant (t = 1.3967∼2.8757, all P 0.05). In patients with AD, increase in 131 I-IMPY were observed in parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and basal ganglia compared with normal control group and it were found to be statistically significant (t=2.1001∼6.2789, all P 0.05), and 131 I-IMPY was increased in occipital lobes and basal ganglia compared with MCI group and it were found to be statistically significant (t=2.0850∼3.6772, all P 131 I-IMPY was lightly increased in each brain of left side gyrus compared with right but without statistically significant difference (t=0.1273∼0.5571, all P>0.05). Conclusions: 131 I-IMPY SPECT Imaging was helpful for early diagnosis of AD. (authors)

131I-BSP liver function test by BSP tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanda, Koichi

1974-01-01

131 I-BSP liver function test after BSP intravenous tolerance was discussed, assuming that the reason why measurements of 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and 131 I-BSP disappearance rate in blood showed respectable overlapping between normal group and group with slight liver disorders as compared with BSP test and the reason why differential diagnosis was difficult were due to underestimate of tolerance volume of 131 I-BSP. 131 I-BSP was observed with time as to 70 persons with normal liver function and 257 cases of liver diseases, using 5, 3 and 2 mg of non-radioactive BSP tolerance volume per kilogram of body weight. 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and 131 I-BSP disappearance rate in blood are possible to separate overlapping over control in each measurement value at 3-5 mg/kg of tolerance, and in comparison of 3 mg and 5 mg, the latter showed a little excellent result. So, it was decided that tolerance of 3 mg/kg was a proper dose, considering tolerance to liver cells. 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes was a little excellent in accuracy and disappearance rate in blood after BSP tolerance is simple and profitable for practical use because collection of blood was only one time and measurement could be made with whole blood. As mentioned above, this method is seemed to be useful to practice of liver function test. (Kanao, N.)

Analysis of factors for early hypothyroidism after 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Youjun; Quan Xinsheng; Zhang Ling; He Meiqiong

2008-01-01

To explore the factors for the early hypothyroidism following 131 I treatment of hyperthyroidism, clinic data of 120 hyperthyroidism patients including 8 independent and 1 dependent variables after one year 131 I treatment were analyzed by logistic regression analysis method. The results showed that the average 131 I dosage given to one gram thyroid tissue was correlated positively with early hypothyroidism occurrence, and the weight of thyroid was negatively correlated to early hypothyroidism occurrence. The positive and negative prediction accuracy of the early hypothyroidism were 53.3% and 96.1% respectively, and the total prediction accuracy was 46.7%. The results suggest that the 131 I dosage and the weight of thyroid are key factors for early hypothyroidism; the appropriate adjustment of 131 I dosage based on the thyroid mass could prevent the early hypothyroidism occurrence in certain degree. (authors)

*sp131*I-3-iodobenzylguanidine (*sp131*I-3-IBG) as a scintigraphic agent for the visualization of adrenal medulla tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heggeli, D.E.; Brorson, B.I.; Bremper, P.O.

1983-06-01

A method of labelling 3-iodobenzylguanidine with *sp131*I is described. 3-IBG . 0.5 H*sb2*SO*sb4* and Cu(II)SO*sb4* were dissolved in a 0.1 M NH*sb4*H*sb2*PO*sb4* buffer and mixed with *sp131*I-NaI. The solution was evaporated to dryness by heating. After addition of water, the solution was heated with reflux for two hours. The I*sp-* ions were removed after labelling by anionic exchange chromatography. The final product was made isotonic and bacteriostatic by the addition of acetate buffer, saline and benzylalcohol. The product was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.22*my*m and was apyrogenically tested by limulus test. The tumors of adrenal medulla, pheochromocytomas and neuroplastomas may in some cases be small or located extra-adrenally. In those cases *sp131*I-labelled 3-IBG is a valuable tool, since 3-IBG concentrates in adrenal medulla tumors because ot its analogy to the catecholamines. Injecting a dose of 0.5 mCi *sp131*I-3-IBG (2.5 mCi/mg), which is an adult dose, allows the scintigraphic localization of the tumours, thus guiding the surgeon. Adrenal uptake in mice and dog is described in the report, as well as a rapid method for the control of radiochemical purity. The radioactive concentration of the *sp131*I-3-IBG has been found to be important for the radiochemical stability of the product. (RF)

Normal and abnormal distribution of the adrenomedullary imaging agent m-[I-131]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) in man; evaluation by scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, M.; Shapiro, B.; Copp, J.; Kalff, V.; Gross, M.D.; Sisson, J.C.; Beierwaltes, W.H.

1983-01-01

The scintigraphic distribution of m-[ 131 I]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), an adrenal medullary imaging agent, was studied to determine the patterns of uptake of this agent in man. The normal distribution of I-131 MIBG includes clear portrayal of the salivary glands, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder. The heart, middle and lower lung zones, and colon were less frequently or less clearly seen. The upper lung zones and kidneys were seldom visualized. The thyroid appeared only in cases of inadequate thyroidal blockade. The normal adrenal glands were seldom seen and faintly imaged in 2% at 24 h after injection and in 16% at 48 h, in patients shown not to have pheochromocytomas, whereas intra-adrenal, extra-adrenal, and malignant pheochromocytomas usually appeared as intense focal areas of I-131 MIBG uptake at 24 through 72 h

Crystal structure, quantum mechanical investigation, IR and NMR spectroscopy of two new organic salts: (C8H12NO)·[NO3] (I) and (C8H14N4)·[ClO4]2 (II)

Science.gov (United States)

Bayar, I.; Khedhiri, L.; Soudani, S.; Lefebvre, F.; Pereira da Silva, P. S.; Ben Nasr, C.

2018-06-01

Two new organic-inorganic hybrid materials, 4-methoxybenzylammonium nitrate, (C8H12NO)·[NO3] (I), and 2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrimidinium bis(perchlorate), (C8H14N4)·[ClO4]2(II), have been synthesized by an acid/base reaction at room temperature, their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and Pnma space group with a = 15.7908 (7), b = 6.8032 (3), c = 8.7091 (4) Å, V = 935.60 (7) Å3 with Z = 4. Full-matrix least-squares refinement converged at R = 0.038 and wR(F2) = 0.115. Compound (II) belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with the following parameters: a = 10.798(2), b = 7.330(1), c = 21.186(2) Å, β = 120.641 (4)°, V = 1442.7 (3) Å3and Z = 4. The structure was refined to R = 0.044, wR(F2) = 0.132. In the structures of (I) and (II), the anionic and cationic entities are interconnected by hydrogen bonding contacts forming three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the contacts of the four different chloride atoms in (II) were compared. The Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) maps and the HOMO and LUMO energy gaps of both compounds were computed. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid-state 13C, 35Cl and 15N NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations allowed the attribution of the IR and NMR bands.

Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent.

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Zhiqi; Sun, Lidan; Jin, Qiaomei; Song, Shaoli; Feng, Yuanbo; Liao, Hong; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Wei

2017-11-01

1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131 I-Sennoside A ( 131 I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131 I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131 I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131 I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131 I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131 I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131 I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131 I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.

Cytogenetic and dosimetric effects of 131I in lymphocyte of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and without r-hTSH stimulation. Study in thyroid tumor cells (WRO) treated with 131I and 60Co in vitro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valgode, Flavia Gomes Silva

2015-01-01

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents about 90% of thyroid malignancies with increasing incidence in the recent decades. Treatment modalities include thyroidectomy, 131 I therapy (with or without r-hTSH), radio and chemotherapy. Little is known about the effects of these treatments at the cellular level. This work was proposed in order to assess to what extent radioiodine therapy can cause damage in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with DTC, preceded or not by r-hTSH, taking into account acute, slow and dosimetric effects of 131 I (in vivo study). An in vitro study was also carried out on thyroid tumor target cells (WRO) by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis and radioiodine uptake. For this, blood samples from patients divided into two groups (group A, r-hTSH + 131 I and group B, 131 I only) were collected before, 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month and 1 year after 131 I administration for aberration chromosome analysis (CA). A dose-response curve for 131 I in vitro was developed for estimating the absorbed dose in patients, comparing the dicentric frequencies obtained in vitro with in vivo data by Monte Carlo program. Radioiodine therapy induced an increase in the number of CA in lymphocytes of patients peaking 24 hours after treatment, with gradual decline over time and with more chromosomal damage in group B than in group A, reaching baseline levels one year after radioiodine administration. The frequency of dicentric found inpatient lymphocytes, 24h after treatment, was equivalent to that induced in vitro (0.354 ± 0.153 MBq / mL for group A and 0.309 ± 0.154 MBq / mL for group B), which corresponds to absorbed doses of 0.8 ± 0.3 Gy and 0.7 ± 0.3 Gy for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. WRO cells showed a cell cycle relatively slow: 96,3h with an unstable karyotype. The genotoxic test showed a relatively high radioresistance (0.07 to 3.70 MBq/mL), with no statistical significance, with or without r

Experimental transmission of M. leprae in the testis of mice, born from 131I-injected females

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sushida, Kiyo

1974-01-01

Six strains of M. leprae taken from lepromatous leprosy patients were inoculated into the testes of '' 131 I-F 1 '' mice, which were divided into two groups. The first group was born of females which had been subcutaneously injected with 131 I-100 μc during pregnancy; the second group was born of females which had been injected before pregnancy. The '' 131 I-F 1 '' mice which were born of females injected with 131 I-100 μc, during pregnancy were then inoculated with leprous bacilli described above, showed the presence of the so-called ''globi'' in the testes. When samples of leprous bacilli (LL28, LL32, LL33) taken from patients who had not been receiving anti-leprous drug treatments were injected into the 131 I-F 1 mice, globi were also found. When leprous bacilli from leproma removed from patients under treatment were injected into mice born from females which had been injected with 131 I-100 μc either during or before their pregnancy, no globi were found. Even though bacilli (LL32, LL33, LL34) from untreated patients were injected into mice born of females who were injected with 131 I-100 μc before pregnancy, no globi were found. (auth.)

Comparative study of the tests of fat absorption using triolein or oleic acid labelled with 131I and 14C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grenier, J.F.; Dauchel, J.; Eloy, M.R.; Mendel, C.; Privat, J.P.

1976-01-01

Studies of the absorption of radioiodinated fats introduced into the lumen of isolated intestinal loops of dogs have shown that these compounds are promptly and to a large extent dehalogenated, not only in the small bowel, but also in the colon. Further comparative experimental studies on dogs and patients, using 14 C-labelled fats, have demonstrated that the absorption of the mineral 131 I and of the fats is not simultaneous. Therefore, the use of triolein labelled with 131 I to measure fat absorption should be abandoned. However, it is concluded that tests of intestinal absorption using 14 C-labelled triolein are of great interest. (author)

B-cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Graves' ophthalmopathy the latest addition to an expanding family

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Claus H; El Fassi, Daniel; Hasselbalch, Hans K

2007-01-01

In this review, the authors summarise the clinical results obtained after therapy with rituximab in autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analyses of B- and T-cell subsets, and autoantibody levels obtained in other...... diseases before and after rituximab therapy, the authors interpret the results of the only two clinical investigations of the efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of Graves' disease and Graves' opthalmopathy reported so far. No significant effect on autoantibody levels was observed. Nonetheless, 4 out...... of 10 Graves' disease patients remained in remission 400 days after rituximab treatment versus none in the control group, and remarkable improvements in the eye symptoms of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were observed. This supports a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy...

The clinical investigation of OX40/OX40L from lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease after 131I therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi Bimin; Du Xuan; Wang Qin

2013-01-01

Objective To investigate the clinical value and the expression of OX40/OX40L from lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease (GD) before and after 131 I therapy.Methods The expression of OX40/OX40L on T,B lymphocytes and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry in 32 patients with GD before and after 131 I therapy.Twenty-five healthy subjects were considered as the control group.The data between GD patients and controls were compared with two-sample t test.The correlation between the expression of OX40/OX40L and the function of thyroid (FT3,FT4 and TRAb level) was performed with linear correlation analysis.Results Compared with the healthy subjects,the percentage of CD4+ T cells and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were decreased ((34.36 ±6.73)% vs (45.60-±5.72)%,t=2.634; 1.24±0.26 vs 1.84±0.37,t=2.125,both P<0.05).Whereas the percentage of CD19+ B cells in patients with GD were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects ((21.42 ±3.92)% vs (15.35 ± 3.15)%,t =2.653,P<0.05).The expression of OX40 increased in CD4+ T lymphocytes ((12.92 ± 2.26) %) and OX40L expression was up-regulated in CD19+ B lymphocytes ((15.33 ± 3.75)%) of patients with GD,compared with the healthy subjects ((4.19 ±1.45) % and (8.64 ± 1.73) %,respectively,t =2.112 and 2.467,both P<0.05).The expression of OX40 in CD4+ T lymphocytes ((7.65 ± 1.64) %) and OX40L in CD19+ B lymphocytes ((11.50 ±2.72)%) were increased after 131 I therapy(t =2.795,2.393,both P<0.05).The thyroid functions of 32 GD patients were improved.The levels of FT3,FT4 and TRAb decreased significantly after 131 I treatment (from 20.79 ±6.05 to 4.53 ± 2.54,from 49.65 ± 10.12 to 13.69 ± 4.35,and from 24.78 ± 8.46 to 11.74 ±6.19,respectively; t =2.219,2.441 and 2.293,all P<0.05).The levels of FT3 and FT4 were positively correlated with the percentage of OX40 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes (r =0.65 and 0.73,both P<0.05).TRAb was positively correlated

Transient hypothyroidism after 131I treatment of Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jianfeng; Fang Yi; Zhang Xiuli; Ye Genyao; Xing Jialiu; Zhang Youren

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the results of the transient hypothyroidism after 131 I treatment of Graves disease. Methods: A total of 32 transient hypothyroidism patients treated with 131 I for Graves disease were studied and followed up. Results: Transient hypothyroidism occurred within 2-6 months after 131 I treatment and 19 patients were symptomatic. At diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism, T 3 and T 4 levels were decreased had normal, TSH levels were increased, normal or low. Follow-up examination found that 20 patients were normal and 12 patients had relapse of hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Therapy of Graves disease with low doses of 131 I causes a high incidence of transient hypothyroidism. After recovery of transient hypothyroidism, some patients have relapse of hyperthyroidism

Determination of inorganic radioiodine in 131I- Rose Bengal and 131I- bromosulphthalein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toledo e Souza, I.T. de; Pereira, N.P.S. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1985-01-01

A rapid miniaturized chromatographic system was developed for fast determination of the proportion of inorganic radioactive iodide from radiopharmaceuticals 131 I-Rose Bengal and 131 I-Bromosulphthalein. Using 33% W/V aqueous solution of ammonium sulphate pH 7,5 as a solvent Rf values for radiopharmaceuticals, iodide, iodate to Rf 0,0 0,5 0,9 respectively. The chromatographic quality control procedures are easy to use, rapid and can be incorporated in a routine quality control program. (Author) [pt

Equipment and obtention process of 131I by dry distillation starting from TeO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alanis M, J.

2000-08-01

The present invention refers to an equipment and process for the obtaining of 131 I by dry distillation starting from TeO 2 that has three interconnected systems, the manipulation system, the electric system and the distillation system, the combination of these systems, allows to improve the yield and the separation of the 131 I during the distillation process, since inside the electric system it is an oven that has a special design based on a temperature gradient. The more relevant aspects of the equipment its are the design of each one of its components that give as result the effectiveness of the production of 131 I in routinary form (industrial) whose final product can end up reaching a radiochemical purity up to 99% and a radionuclide purity of approximately 100%. The object of this invention is to provide a distillation equipment different to those that at the moment exist, thanks to its novel internal construction whose main characteristics already gather advantages on those existent. The reaction of obtaining of the TeO 2 , the development of the technique and studies of TeO 2 sintering and the irradiation experiments, its contributed to characterize with more precision the 'new process of obtaining of 131 I by dry via starting from the Te' developed in the ININ, and in this way it was achieved a more pure product, more economic, with less risks, from a point of view of Radiological Safety and mainly that it avoids the import to the country and it makes to self-sufficient Mexico in the production of 131 I. (Author)

Cytogenetic and dosimetric effects of {sup 131}I in lymphocyte of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and without r-hTSH stimulation. Study in thyroid tumor cells (WRO) treated with {sup 131}I and {sup 60}Co in vitro; Efeitos citogenetico e dosimetrico do {sup 131}I em pacientes com cancer diferenciado da tireoide com e sem estimulacao com r-hTSH. Estudo em celulas tumorais tireoidianas (WRO) tratadas com {sup 131}I e {sup 60}Co in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valgode, Flavia Gomes Silva

2015-11-01

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents about 90% of thyroid malignancies with increasing incidence in the recent decades. Treatment modalities include thyroidectomy, {sup 131}I therapy (with or without r-hTSH), radio and chemotherapy. Little is known about the effects of these treatments at the cellular level. This work was proposed in order to assess to what extent radioiodine therapy can cause damage in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with DTC, preceded or not by r-hTSH, taking into account acute, slow and dosimetric effects of {sup 131}I (in vivo study). An in vitro study was also carried out on thyroid tumor target cells (WRO) by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis and radioiodine uptake. For this, blood samples from patients divided into two groups (group A, r-hTSH + {sup 131}I and group B,{sup 131}I only) were collected before, 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month and 1 year after {sup 131}I administration for aberration chromosome analysis (CA). A dose-response curve for {sup 131}I in vitro was developed for estimating the absorbed dose in patients, comparing the dicentric frequencies obtained in vitro with in vivo data by Monte Carlo program. Radioiodine therapy induced an increase in the number of CA in lymphocytes of patients peaking 24 hours after treatment, with gradual decline over time and with more chromosomal damage in group B than in group A, reaching baseline levels one year after radioiodine administration. The frequency of dicentric found inpatient lymphocytes, 24h after treatment, was equivalent to that induced in vitro (0.354 ± 0.153 MBq / mL for group A and 0.309 ± 0.154 MBq / mL for group B), which corresponds to absorbed doses of 0.8 ± 0.3 Gy and 0.7 ± 0.3 Gy for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. WRO cells showed a cell cycle relatively slow: 96,3h with an unstable karyotype. The genotoxic test showed a relatively high radioresistance (0.07 to 3.70 MBq/mL), with no statistical

Lenalidomide-bendamustine-rituximab in untreated mantle cell lymphoma > 65 years with untreated mantle cell lymphoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albertsson-Lindblad, Alexandra; Kolstad, Arne; Laurell, Anna

2016-01-01

For elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), there is no defined standard therapy. In this multicenter open-label phase I/II trial we evaluated the addition of lenalidomide (LEN) to rituximab-bendamustine (R-B) as first-line treatment to elderly MCL patients. Patients >65 years with untr......For elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), there is no defined standard therapy. In this multicenter open-label phase I/II trial we evaluated the addition of lenalidomide (LEN) to rituximab-bendamustine (R-B) as first-line treatment to elderly MCL patients. Patients >65 years...

Clinical observation of associated treatment for Graves' disease with traditional chinese medicine and 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Liming; Qiu Suyun; Li Jiangcheng; Hong Yu; Yang Hongwen; Chen Yi; Wang Guanglin; Zhou Ping; Zhao Jihua; Yuan Rongguo

2007-01-01

To investigate the method and curative effect of associated treatment for Graves Disease (GD) with traditional Chinese medicine and 131 I. 100 patients with GD were randomly divided into two groups, the patients in group A was only given 131 I treatment and the patients in group B was given traditional Chinese medicine (Shimaiqing Fluid, 3 times of 20 mL per day for 40 days) after 7 days of 131 I treatment. The serum FT 3 , FT 4 and TSH were measured before and 30 and 90 days after treatment. 8 cardinal symptoms were selected and Kupperman 4-grade grading method was used to assess the remission of the disease. The Results showed that the symptoms of patients in group B were improved ahead of time, and pass through the FT 3 and FT 4 rebound elevation period safely after one month of 131 I treatment. The symptoms of patients in group A after 30 days treatment were more serious than that of before treatment, the levels of serum FT 3 and FT 4 were both higher than those of before treatment. The symptoms of patients in group B after 90 days treatment were improved significantly, and the levels of serum FT 3 , FT 4 and TSH were in normal value. The clinical symptoms of patients in group A were improved, but the levels of serum FT 3 and FT 4 were lower and TSH was higher than normal value. The curative effect in group B was better than that in group A, the patients passed through the high risk period safely after 30 days treatment, and the hypothyroidism rate was decreased after 90 days treatment. The Shimaiqing Fluid is a nontoxic and safe medicine, and it may be widely used in clinical treatment for patients with GD. (authors)

Preparation of the radiopharmaceutical {sup 131}I-Anti-CD20 for the treatment of lymphomas; Preparacion del radiofarmaco {sup 131}I-Anti-CD20 para el tratamiento de linfomas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pantoja H, I E

2004-07-01

At the present time they are considered to the lymphomas like a problem of first magnitude since has happened it is necessary to be the fifth cancer cause in the world. Different treatments focused to the lymphoma like the chemotherapy and the radiotherapy, have been employees to counteract the No-Hodgkin lymphoma, without these they don't exclude the healthy tissue of the toxicity. It is for it that is taking a new direction with the employment of the directed radioimmunotherapy since this it allows to kill wicked cells selectively with radiation dose joined to the apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by the own one bio molecule. The radioimmunotherapy with radiolabelled antibodies directed to the surface antigen CD20 represents a new modality for the treatment of No-Hodgkin lymphoma and potentially other illnesses. In this work the parameters of optimization are presented for the preparation, control of quality and evaluation of the stability in vitro and in vivo of the monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 labelled with {sup 131} I for the treatment of No-Hodgkin lymphoma. The anti-CD20 labelled by the chloramine-T method with high radiochemical purity (>98%), it is stable in solution for but of a half life of the radionuclide (8.04 days) The {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 doesn't present dehalogenation in vitro (human serum) during 24 h of incubation at 37 C. According to the tests carried out to establish the immunoreactivity, a percentage of union to cells was obtained (B lymphocytes) bigger to 30%. The biodistribution in mice balb/c one hour after their administration, it shows that there is not high reception in mucous neither kidneys, what indicates that the complex is stable in vivo. In conclusion, the radiopharmaceutical {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 was obtained in sterile injectable solution and free of pyrogens with a radiochemical purity bigger to 98% and a specific activity of 296 MBq. The radiolabelled molecule maintains its biological recognition for the receiving CD20

Histological changes of the thyroid gland after /sup 131/I treatment for hyperthyroidism. I. Analysis by the frequency of administration and dosage of /sup 131/I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeichi, N; Inoue, S; Niimoto, M; Nagata, N [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology; Yasuda, K

1976-01-01

The histological changes of the thyroid tissues due to /sup 131/I treatment were classified by the frequency of administration and dosage of /sup 131/I, and the chronological changes were examined. The histopathological findings including nuclear alteration, tissue infiltration, vascular alteration and regeneration of the follicular epithelium were examined. In the cases which received 2-3 doses, there were many atypical regeneration of the follicular epithelium, and in the cases with long observation duration, Askanazy cells and fibrotic proliferation were observed. These histological changes indicated the possibility of the occurrence of tumor due to the administration of /sup 131/I.

Preparation and biodistribution of 131I labeled 3-Amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Rushan; Yang Yuanyou; Liu Ning; Liao Jiali; Jin Jiannan; Pu Manfei

2008-01-01

3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (ABP) was synthesized and labeled with 131 I using N-succinimidyl-5-(tri-butylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SPC) as a bi-functional linker. 131 I could be coupled to ABP via a 131 I-SIPC intermediate with a labeling yield of more than 64%, and a radiochemical purity of more than 99% after HPLC purification. After 72 h at room temperature, the radiochemical purity was still more than 98.8%, implying that the 131 I-SIPC-ABP is stable in vitro. Biodistribution experiments in mice show that 131 I-SIPC-ABP has high affinity to bone and high stability in vivo as well as in vitro. (authors)

Systemic Endoradiotherapy with Carrier Added 4 [131I] Iodo LPhenylalanine: Clinical Proof of principle in Refractory Glioma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baum, Richard P.; Schuchardt, Christiane; Senftleben, Stephan; Gildehaus, Franz Josef; Samnick, Samuel; Kluge, Andreas; Bronzel, Marcus; Schmidt, Karl

2011-01-01

To explore feasibility, tolerability, dosimetry and probable efficacy of intravenous endoradiotherapy with carrier added 4 [ 131I ]iodo Lp henylalanine (c.a. 131I IPA) in refractory high grade glioma. Two male patients (45 and 50 years), with long standing, extensively pretreated gliomas and evidence of progression underwent single intravenous injections of 2 and 4 GBq of c.a. 131I IPA, respectively. Tumor targeting was verified by 131I IPA single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Metabolic and morphological changes indicative of tumour response were assessed by sequential [ 18F ] fluoroethyltyrosine ( 18F FET) positron emission tomography (PET) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following therapy. Further monitoring included clinical state, safety laboratory, quality of life and dosimetry. Absorbed mean organ and whole body doses were determined according to the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) scheme using OLINDAEXM based on serial planar scintigraphy. Both patients tolerated the treatment well. No evidence of acute of delayed organ toxicity was observed. 131I IPA accumulated in the tumour recurrences identified by MRI/ 18F FET. In patient 1, PET showed progressively decreasing maximum standardised uptake values (SUVmax) over 10 months, indicating metabolic response, paralleled by reduced contrast enhancement and tumour volume on MRI. Progression occurred 18 months after therapy. Treatment was repeated using 6.6 GBq of 131I IPA, to which no response was observed. Patient 2, followed up for 3 months after therapy, showed stable disease on MRI and PET. Mean absorbed whole body doses ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 mSv/MBq, with the highest absorbed organ doses to kidneys, bladder and heart (0.86-1.23; 0.49-0.6 and 0.45-0.56 mSv/MBq). Systemic endoradiotherapy using up to 6.6 GBq of c.a. 131I IPA is not associated with clinically detectable toxicity. Measurable anti tumour effects in gliomas were observed. 131I IPA warrants further

Refractory myasthenia gravis - clinical profile, comorbidities and response to rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Sudulagunta, Sreenivasa Rao; Sepehrar, Mona; Sodalagunta, Mahesh Babu; Settikere Nataraju, Aravinda; Bangalore Raja, Shiva Kumar; Sathyanarayana, Deepak; Gummadi, Siddharth; Burra, Hemanth Kumar

2016-01-01

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody mediated autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. A proportion of myasthenia gravis patients are classified as refractory due to non responsiveness to conventional treatment. This retrospective study was done to evaluate clinical profile, epidemiological, laboratory, and features of patients with MG and mode of management using rituximab and complications. Methods: Data of myasthenia gravis patients admitted or presented to outpatient department (previous medical records) with MG between January 2008 and January 2016 were included. A total of 512 patients fulfilled the clinical and diagnostic criteria of myasthenia gravis of which 76 patients met the diagnostic certainty for refractory myasthenia gravis and were evaluated. Results: Out of 76 refractory MG patients, 53 (69.73%) patients fulfilled all the three defined criteria. The median age of onset of the refractory MG group was 36 years with a range of 27-53 years. In our study 25 patients (32.89%) belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Anti-MuSK antibodies were positive in 8 non-refractory MG patients (2.06%) and 36 refractory MG patients (47.36%). Mean HbA 1C was found to be 8.6±2.33. The dose of administered prednisone decreased by a mean of 59.7% ( p =3.3x10 -8 ) to 94.6% ( p =2.2x10 -14 ) after the third cycle of rituximab treatment. Conclusion: The refractory MG patients are most commonly female with an early age of onset, anti-MuSK antibodies, and thymomas. Refractory MG patients have higher prevalence and poor control (HbA 1C >8%) of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia probably due to increased steroid usage. Rituximab is very efficient in treatment of refractory MG with adverse effects being low.

Radioiodine 131I metabolism in human

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mori, Toru

1976-01-01

Metabolic fate of orally administered 131 I in human was studied. Chronological observations of whole body radioactivity distribution and thyroid 131 I uptake curve revealed that 131 I metabolism was greatly affected by the amount of dietary iodine intake. Under the high iodine intake exceeding 1 mg per day, uptake curve showed biphasic descending type, that is, rapid accumulation during 3 to 6 hours and rapid fall up to 48 hours and gradual decrease afterwards. While, ascending type, monophasic and maximal at 24 hours, was found universary under low iodine intake less than 500 μg per day. Thyroid function should not be affected by the amount of iodine intake, and we analysed 131 I metabolism using a new four compartments which included intrathyroidal inorganic iodine pool. The results, especially hormone production rate, were found quite useful even under high iodine intake. Thyroidal organic iodine contents were calculated as approximately 2.5 mg and this value was much less than previously reported values from other countries. Administered radioiodine were mixed up with stable body iodine and reached equilibration by around 10 days. From seroimmunological, histological (microscopic and electron microscopic) studies, and irradiation studies to the cultured human thyroid cells, we concluded that this unexpected phenomenon was derived from chromosomal damage which induced gradual decrease in cell population because of inability to reproduce. Carcinogenic and genetic effects were not serious, and only three leukemic patients were reported in this country and 484 normal babies were born from 7,500 treated parents. Thus, therapeutic dose of 131 I was proved rather safe, and even when exposed to radioiodine, administration of perchlorate or thiocyanate, excessive iodine and TSH seemed effective to avoid radiation injuries. (auth.)

Migration of radionuclide I-131 through a clayey porous matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamlat, M.S.

1996-01-01

The chemical and physical behavior of the radiotracer I-131 through a porous matrix are described. The study was evaluated using the laboratory column, which contains porous soils. The collected activities have been measured by gamma counting with a NaI(Tl) detector. The indicators were observed and analyzed by using the one dimension mass transport equation. The solution was utilized to interpret the obtaining experimental data. The experimental values of I-131 are in agreement with those calculated by the model. However, the utilization of (I-131) in the punctual hydrogeological studies is proved. (author). 5 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

Labelling of tung oil with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correia, R.J.; Mitta, A.E.A.

1975-01-01

A method for labelling Tung Oil with 131 I is described. The oil is dissolved in peroxide free, dry ethyl ether and then it is treated with 131 ICl. A 2,5% mercuric acetate solution in glacial acetic acid is added as a catalist. A radiochemical yield of 100% is achieved in 20 minutes. (author)

The normal and abnormal distribution of the adrenomedullary imaging agent m-[I-131]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) in man: evaluation by scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, M.; Shapiro, B.; Copp, J.; Kalff, V.; Gross, M.D.; Sisson, J.C.; Beierwaltes, W.H.

1983-01-01

The scintigraphic distribution of m-[ 131 I]iodobenzylguanidine (I- 131 MIBG), an adrenal medullary imaging agent, was studied to determine the patterns of uptake of this agent in man. The normal distribution of I- 131 MIBG includes clear portrayal of the salivary glands, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder. The heart, middle and lower lung zones, and colon were less frequently or less clearly seen. The upper lung zones and kidneys were seldom visualized. The thyroid appeared only in cases of inadequate thyroidal blockade. The ''normal'' adrenal glands were seldom seen and faintly imaged in 2% at 24 hr after injection and in 16% at 48 hr, in patients shown not to have pheochromocytomas, whereas intra-adrenal, extraadrenal, and malignant pheochromocytomas usually appeared as intense focal areas of I- 131 MIBG uptake at 24 through 72 hr

B lymphocyte depletion with the monoclonal antibody rituximab in Graves' disease: a controlled pilot study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

El Fassi, Daniel; Nielsen, Claus H; Bonnema, Steen J

2007-01-01

Graves' disease (GD) is a common TSH receptor autoantibody (TRAb)-mediated disorder. Because B lymphocytes are important self-antigen presenting cells and precursors for antibody-secreting plasma cells, temporary B-lymphocyte depletion with the monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) might...

HLA-A*01:03, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*27:05, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*44:02, and HLA-C*07:01 Monochain Transgenic/H-2 Class I Null Mice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boucherma, Rachid; Kridane-Miledi, Hédia; Bouziat, Romain

2013-01-01

We have generated a panel of transgenic mice expressing HLA-A*01:03, -A*24:02, -B*08:01, -B*27:05, -B*35:01, -B*44:02, or -C*07:01 as chimeric monochain molecules (i.e., appropriate HLA α1α2 H chain domains fused with a mouse α3 domain and covalently linked to human β2-microglobulin). Whereas...... a quantitative and qualitative restoration of the peripheral CD8(+) T cell repertoire, which exhibited a TCR diversity comparable with C57BL/6 WT mice. Potent epitope-specific, HLA-restricted, IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cell responses were generated against known reference T cell epitopes after either peptide...

Determination of 131I and thorium in urine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomida, Rute Miwa

1978-01-01

Methods for the determination of 131 I and Thorium in urine have been developed taking into account the monitoring needs for people who handle with these radioisotopes. The method for determining 131 I is based in the use of silver chloride to separate iodine by precipitation from the sample; the detection was carried out in a Nal (Tl) well type scintillator connected to a single channel analyser. This method has the following advantages; it is easy and relatively fast as well as selective, showing a separation yield higher than 80%. Thorium in urine was determined by colorimetry after the mineralization of the sample using nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, and then oxygen peroxide. The chromophore reagent used was Thoron (disodium salt of 2-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-l-naphthylazo) benzenearsonic acid).The absorbance was measured in a spectro colorimeter at a fixed wavelength (530 nm). The method proved to be simple allowing a separation yield of about 80%. The most representative sample for a monitoring program in a 131 I production laboratory has been established. The 131 I concentration in urine of individuals with chronic contamination have also been measured; an interpretation of these results is discussed. (author)

131I treatment in patients undergoing renal dialysis: our experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tobarra, Bonifacio; Campos, Pedro A.; Gonzalez Lopez, Antonio; Palma, Juan D.

2008-01-01

Radiation Protection issues concerning patients, public and staff must be considered carefully in hemodialysis for chronic renal failure patients scheduled for 131 I high dose therapy. In order to assess the risks related to this medical procedure, hemodialysis clearance of 131 I and contamination measurements were carried out. We have studied 12 hemodialysis procedures corresponding to 2 cases of hyperthyroidism disease (555MBq of 131 I administered) and 3 patients with carcinoma of the thyroid (5550 MBq of 131 I administered). The arterio-venous difference of 131 I across the artificial kidney and dose rate reduction at one meter of patient were measured. Contamination levels of the dialyser machine, filters and tubes were measured after dialysis with a contamination monitor. Direct read-out dosimeters were used to assess the radiation doses to nursery staff involved. The result obtained for mean 131 I clearance in blood was 75±11%. The mean dose rate reduction at one meter of the patient was 58±18%. We also checked that contamination levels for the dialyser machine, filters, tubes and accessories were lower than 10Bq/cm 2 . For the nursery staff the radiation dose was found to be lower than 0.1mSv. (author)

Metabolic comparison of radiolabeled aniline- and phenol-phthaleins with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avcibasi, Ugur; Avcibasi, Nesibe; Unak, Turan; Unak, Perihan; Mueftueler, Fazilet Zuemruet; Yildirim, Yeliz; Dincalp, Haluk; Guemueser, Fikriye Guel; Dursun, Ebru Rueksen

2008-01-01

The metabolic comparison of aniline- and phenol-phthaleins radiolabeled with 131 I ( 131 I-APH and 131 I-PPH, respectively) has been investigated in this study. To compare the metabolic behavior of these phthaleins and their glucuronide conjugates radiolabeled with 131 I, scintigraphic and biodistributional techniques were applied using male Albino rabbits. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radioiodinated with a radioiodination yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of 131 I-APH and 131 I-PPH, which were metabolized as N- and O-glucuronides, were observed within 2 h in the bladder and in the small intestine, respectively. In the case of verification of considerably up taking of these compounds also by tumors developed in the small intestine and in the bladder tissues, these results can be expected to be encouraging to test these compounds, which will be radiolabeled with other radioiodines such as 125 I, 123 I and 124 I as imaging and therapeutic agents in nuclear medical applications

Metabolic comparison of radiolabeled aniline- and phenol-phthaleins with (131)I.

Science.gov (United States)

Avcibaşi, Uğur; Avcibaşi, Nesibe; Unak, Turan; Unak, Perihan; Müftüler, Fazilet Zümrüt; Yildirim, Yeliz; Dinçalp, Haluk; Gümüşer, Fikriye Gül; Dursun, Ebru Rükşen

2008-05-01

The metabolic comparison of aniline- and phenol-phthaleins radiolabeled with (131)I ((131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, respectively) has been investigated in this study. To compare the metabolic behavior of these phthaleins and their glucuronide conjugates radiolabeled with (131)I, scintigraphic and biodistributional techniques were applied using male Albino rabbits. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radioiodinated with a radioiodination yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of (131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, which were metabolized as N- and O-glucuronides, were observed within 2 h in the bladder and in the small intestine, respectively. In the case of verification of considerably up taking of these compounds also by tumors developed in the small intestine and in the bladder tissues, these results can be expected to be encouraging to test these compounds, which will be radiolabeled with other radioiodines such as (125)I, (123)I and (124)I as imaging and therapeutic agents in nuclear medical applications.

Chemical Process for Treatment of Tellurium and Chromium Liquid Waste from I-131 Radioisotope Production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zainus-Salimin; Gunandjar; Dedy-Harsono; Hendro; Sugeng-Purnomo; Mohammad-Faruq; Zulfakhri

2000-01-01

The I-131 radioisotope is used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and therapy. The I-131 radioisotope is produced by wet distillation at Bandung Nuclear Research Center and generated about 4,875 Itr of liquid waste containing 2,532.8 ppm of tellurium and 1,451.8 ppm chromium at pH 1. Considering its negative impact to the environment caused by toxic behaviour of tellurium and chromium, it is necessary to treat chemically that's liquid waste. The research of chemical treatment of tellurium and chromium liquid waste from I-131 radioisotope production has been done. The steps of process are involved of neutralisation with NaOH, coagulation-flocculation process for step I using Ca(OH) 2 coagulant for precipitation of sulphate, sulphite, oxalic, chrome Cr 3+ , and coagulation-flocculation process for step II using BaCI 2 coagulant for precipitation of chrome Cr 6+ and tellurium from the supernatant of coagulation in step I. The best result of experiment was achieved at 0.0161 ppm of chromium concentration on the supernatant from coagulation-flocculation of step I using 3.5 g Ca(OH) 2 for 100 ml of liquid waste, and 0.95 ppm of tellurium concentration on the final supernatant from coagulation-flocculation by of step II using 0.7 g BaCI 2 for supernatant from coagulation of step I. (author)

Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma using (123I)-compared with (131I)-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furuta, Nozomu; Kiyota, Hiroshi; Yoshigoe, Fukuo; Hasegawa, Norio; Ohishi, Yukihiko

1999-01-01

Patient with pheochromocytoma (PCT) cannot be cured without operation, therefore, preoperative determination of the localization of PCT should be performed accurately. ( 131 I)-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is a gold standard for the diagnosis of PCT. However, ( 123 I)-MIBG is also found to accumulate in PCT. In order to clarify the usefulness of ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy for the local detection of PCT, we compared the distribution of ( 123 I)- and ( 131 I)-MIBG in patients with or without PCT. ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was performed in 29 and 16 patients, respectively. In the former group, 14 patients had PCT, 12 had hypertension without any adrenal disorder and three had other diseases. In the latter group, eight patients had PCT, two had hypertension without any adrenal disorder and six had other diseases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ( 123 I)- with ( 131 I)-MIBG scintigraphy were compared. The sensitivity of ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was 85.7 and 90%, respectively. The specificity of each test was 100%. The accuracy of ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was 93.1 and 95%, respectively. The quality of images obtained using ( 123 I)-MIBG was better than with ( 131 I)-MIBG, because ( 123 I)-MIBG generated a higher dose of γ-rays with a higher specificity than ( 131 I)-MIBG. In addition, normal adrenal grands were visualized in 50% of patients tested with ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy. These results indicate that ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy is a valuable tool for the local detection of PCT, as is ( 131 I)-MIBG scintigraphy. Furthermore, it is possible that ( 123 I)-MIBG can be used as an alternative to ( 131 I)-MIBG for the detection of PCT. Our study was not a prospective study and the background of the patients was not matched. Further prospective studies are needed in order to determine the efficacy of ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy for the diagnosis of PCT. (author)

Efficacy of 131I treatment for 840 cases of Graves' disease combined with hepatic function injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin Liang; Tan Jian; Wang Renfei

2012-01-01

Objective: To assess the efficacy of 131 I treatment for Graves' disease (GD) complicated with hepatic function injury in order to provide guidance for clinical practice. Methods: A total of 840 GD cases complicated with hepatic function injury were retrospectively reviewed after 131 I treatment. Analysis of variance and Dunnett t test were used to compare serum FT 3 , FT 4 , and TSH levels before and 1, 3, and 6 months after 131 I therapy. R × C table χ 2 test was used to compare therapeutic efficacies among cases with different degrees and types of hepatic function injuries. Analysis of variance and Dunnett t test were used to evaluate recovery time of different degrees of hepatic function injuries. Cross classification 2 × 2 table correlation analysis was adopted to assess the correlation between 131 I therapeutic efficacies of GD and recovery efficacies of hepatic function. Results: The curative rate for GD was 76.8% (645/840). There were significant changes of FT 3 ((25.74 ± 5.81), (15.54 ± 4.12), (12.76 ± 2.35) and (7.95 ± 1.64) pmol/L, respectively; F=5007.958, t=54.455, 69.297 and 94.976, all P<0.05), FT 4 ((75.84 ± 16.78), (45.69 ±8.96), (36.81 ± 5.03) and (25.17 ±.4.46) pmol/L, respectively; F=3876.410, t=513.602, 664.871 and 863.157, all P<0.05) and TSH ((0.01 ±0.02), (0.02±0.08), (0.85 ±0.36) and (1.26 ± 0.54) mU/L, respectively; F=3050.430, t=2.627, 46.989 and 78.315, all P<0.05) before and 1,3,and 6 months after 131 I treatment. The curative rate of hepatic function abnormality was 79.2% (665/840). For mild, medium and severe hepatic function injury patients, curative rates were 88.4% (420/475), 68.8% (214/311) and 57.4% (31/54), respectively. The curative rate of patients with mild hepatic function injury was significantly higher than those with medium and severe hepatic function injury (χ 2 =46.338, 37.100, respectively, both P<0.01), and the recovery time was significantly shorter in patients with mild hepatic function injury

Potential diagnostic value of 131I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in discrimination between Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Science.gov (United States)

Abbasi, Mehrshad; Ghalandari, Nafise; Farzanefar, Saeed; Aghamollaii, Vajiheh; Ahmadi, Mona; Ganji, Morsaleh; Afarideh, Mohsen; Loloee, Sogol; Naseri, Maryam; Tafakhori, Abbas

2017-12-01

Clinical difficulty to discriminate between the Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has led researchers to focus on highly sensitive functional imaging modalities. The aim of the present study was to assess 131 I-MIBG cardiac imaging to distinguish between AD and DLB. Seventeen patients who were known cases of dementia underwent 131 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to differentiate AD from DLB. Planar and 131 I-MIBG SPECT were obtained 2h after the injection of 1mCi 131 I-MIBG on a dual head gamma camera. The visual assessment of the heart uptake compared with lungs and the quantification based on the heart to mediastinal ratio (HMR) were done. The cardiac receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was designed for the optimal HMR cut-off values to predict the diagnoses of the patients. The diagnoses were clinically confirmed during the follow up of 14±8.2 months. Out of 17 patients (13 males; 76.5%), 10 patients had AD (7 males; 70%) and 7 patients had DLB (6 males; 85%). The pooled HMR was 1.74±0.33 in the study population; with 1.95±0.22 in the AD group and 1.43±0.20 in the DLB group to demonstrate significantly different HMR scores between patients with AD and DLB (p value=0.001). The visual interpretation was positive in 10 patients (accuracy of 88.2%). The shortest distance on the ROC curve to the optimal value corresponding to HMR=1.57 identified 10 patients with a high HMR (positive cardiac uptake) and 7 patients with a low HMR (negative cardiac uptake), the accuracy calculated at 88.2%. 131 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is a potential alternative diagnostic modality for discrimination between AD and DLB when 123 I is not available. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma with /sup 131/I-Adosterol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruoka, Shin; Nakamura, Mamoru

1987-01-01

There are very few literatures on successful visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma by means of /sup 131/I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, although many reports have referred to utility of /sup 131/I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy for adrenal disorders. Since 1976, we have experienced 4 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma which were delineated by /sup 131/I-6US -iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (/sup 131/I-Adosterol). Three of 4 cases were adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome, and one was adrenocortical carcinoma with adrenogenital syndrome. In 3 cases of cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, uptake in the tumor and lack of uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland were seen. Faint to moderate uptakes were observed in the 2 cases, but another one showed as high uptake as seen in adenoma. Patient with androgen secreting adrenocortical carcinoma had increased uptake in the tumor and showed faint uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland. Intensity of /sup 131/I-Adosterol uptake in adrenocortical carcinoma seems to depend on the extent of tumor necrosis, cell differentiation and function.

Progress in immunotherapy Rituximab

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Habbash, Manal M.; Alwindi, Abukris M.

2007-01-01

Rituximab is an anti-CD-20 chimeric monoclonal antibody that has shown substantial activity. Since its discovery, rituximab has been used with great success in a variety of hematological malignancies. Its success in the management of aggressive lymphomas led to expansion of its use in other conditions such as stem cell transplantation, post- transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and other non-malignant conditions where B cell activation is thought to be important, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and rheumatoid arthritis. The side effects have been remarkably few, particularly, infection is not more common that chemotherapy alone. This article reviews the structure, mechanism of action and uses of rituximab as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. (author)

Cytogenetic in thyroid carcinoma and therapy with 131{sup I}; Citogenetica en cancer de tiroides y terapia con 131''I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Popova, L.; Hadjidekova, V.; Christova, R.; Agova, S.; Grudeva, V.; Hadjieva, T.; Dominguez, I.

2007-07-01

In order to assess the genotoxic risk of the therapy with radioiodine-131(''131I), the production of micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) were analyzed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of group of 26 patients undergoing therapy with this radionuclide for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Blood samples were taken immediately before ''131 I administration and 1 month later. The patients underwent radioiodine ablation (RIA) or radioiodine therapy (RIT) after radical thyroidectomy. The amount of orally administered ''131I activity varied from 3330 to 4030 MBq according to the king of therapy (RIA or RIT). results show that after radioiodine therapy there is a significant increase in the frequency of MN and CA. The mean frequencies of MN {+-} Sd before and after the therapy were 10.72 % {+-} 5.84 % and 25.28 %{+-} 12.6% respectively. For CA, the mean frequencies obtained were 1.16% {+-} 0.36% before and 2.3% {+-} 0.87% after the therapy. These findings indicate a genotoxic activity of ''131I therapy estimated after a period of one month. (Author) 38 refs.

Malign pheochromocytoma: importance of the scintigraphic follow-up with metaiodobenzulguanidine 131I (MIBG-131I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, M.; Velhote, V.V.; Souto, F.J.P.; Long, Y.J.; Costa, P.L.A.

1989-01-01

The authors report a case of pheochromocytoma investigated with metaiodobenzylguanidine labeled with 131 I (MIBG- 131 I). The methodology identify primitive lesion, its recurrence and metastasis. The authors mention the advantage of the technique due to the high specificity, sensitivity and because it is harmless, offering optimal information about the morphology and functional nature, concerning diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. (author) [pt

Investigation of efficient 131I production from natural uranium at Tehran research reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalafi, H.; Nazari, K.; Ghannadi-Maragheh, M.

2005-01-01

Iodine-131, which has a half-life of 8.05 days, is the one of the most widely used radionuclides in medical diagnosis and treats some diseases of thyroid gland. Optimization of 131 I production in Tehran research reactor (TRR) was studied by two different methods. Primarily, standard nuclear codes such as ORIGEN, WIMS and CITATION were applied and then analytical solutions technique was followed. Calculated results and experimental works in the bench scale indicate that, by irradiation of 100 g natural Uranium (UO 2 ) for 100 h at 3.5 x 10 13 (n's/cm 2 s) thermal neutron flux in the TRR, one can produce about 5 Ci of 131 I for medical purposes, on the other hand can produce very useful radionuclides like 99 Mo and 133 Xe in one batch irradiation in the unique production line

Equipment and obtention process of {sup 131}I by dry distillation starting from TeO{sub 2}; Equipo y proceso de obtencion de {sup 131}I por destilacion seca a partir de TeO{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alanis M, J. [ININ, Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2000-08-15

The present invention refers to an equipment and process for the obtaining of {sup 131}I by dry distillation starting from TeO{sub 2} that has three interconnected systems, the manipulation system, the electric system and the distillation system, the combination of these systems, allows to improve the yield and the separation of the {sup 131}I during the distillation process, since inside the electric system it is an oven that has a special design based on a temperature gradient. The more relevant aspects of the equipment its are the design of each one of its components that give as result the effectiveness of the production of {sup 131}I in routinary form (industrial) whose final product can end up reaching a radiochemical purity up to 99% and a radionuclide purity of approximately 100%. The object of this invention is to provide a distillation equipment different to those that at the moment exist, thanks to its novel internal construction whose main characteristics already gather advantages on those existent. The reaction of obtaining of the TeO{sub 2}, the development of the technique and studies of TeO{sub 2} sintering and the irradiation experiments, its contributed to characterize with more precision the 'new process of obtaining of {sup 131}I by dry via starting from the Te' developed in the ININ, and in this way it was achieved a more pure product, more economic, with less risks, from a point of view of Radiological Safety and mainly that it avoids the import to the country and it makes to self-sufficient Mexico in the production of {sup 131}I. (Author)

Equipment and obtention process of {sup 131}I by dry distillation starting from TeO{sub 2}; Equipo y proceso de obtencion de {sup 131}I por destilacion seca a partir de TeO{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alanis M, J [ININ, Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2000-08-15

The present invention refers to an equipment and process for the obtaining of {sup 131}I by dry distillation starting from TeO{sub 2} that has three interconnected systems, the manipulation system, the electric system and the distillation system, the combination of these systems, allows to improve the yield and the separation of the {sup 131}I during the distillation process, since inside the electric system it is an oven that has a special design based on a temperature gradient. The more relevant aspects of the equipment its are the design of each one of its components that give as result the effectiveness of the production of {sup 131}I in routinary form (industrial) whose final product can end up reaching a radiochemical purity up to 99% and a radionuclide purity of approximately 100%. The object of this invention is to provide a distillation equipment different to those that at the moment exist, thanks to its novel internal construction whose main characteristics already gather advantages on those existent. The reaction of obtaining of the TeO{sub 2}, the development of the technique and studies of TeO{sub 2} sintering and the irradiation experiments, its contributed to characterize with more precision the 'new process of obtaining of {sup 131}I by dry via starting from the Te' developed in the ININ, and in this way it was achieved a more pure product, more economic, with less risks, from a point of view of Radiological Safety and mainly that it avoids the import to the country and it makes to self-sufficient Mexico in the production of {sup 131}I. (Author)

Measurement of duodenogastric reflux: standardization of a new technique using Rose Bengal 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pires, P.W.A.; Camargo, E.E.; Mittelstaedt, W.E.M.; Speranzini, M.B.; Oliveira, M.R. de

1988-01-01

A nasogastric tube was introduced under radioscopic control into the stomach of 20 normal persons. After fixing the tube, Rose Bengal I 131 was injected intravenously. The individuals were then subdivided in two groups: a and B. group A: gastric fluid samples were aspirated for two hours in the ten cases in this group. Group B: A standard liquid diet was introduced via the nasogastric tube. Samples were also collected for two hours. (M.A.C.) [pt

Testicular effects of 131radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ceccarelli, Claudia; Canale, Domenico; Carolina, Caglieresi; Moschini, Cecilia; Grasso, Lucia; Pinchera, Aldo; Vitti, Paolo

2005-01-01

Full text: Little data is available on possible untoward effects of 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism on gonad male function. FSH, LH, Total Testosterone(T), Inhibin B and spermiogram were evaluated in 15 hyperthyroid males (mean age 38.5+/-6.7 years, m +/- SD) before, and at day 45, month 3, 6 and 12 after 131 I therapy. Mean basal FSH was 5.6 +/- 3.8 mU/ml. After 131 I, FSH remained unchanged in 13 patients. In two, one of whom with basal FSH in the upper normal limits (16.4 mU/ml), a mild increase was observed after therapy. Basal LH and T were in normal range and did not vary significantly after 131 I, but T/LH ratio significantly decreased at month 3 and 6 (basal: 1.34 +/- 0.6; month 3: 0.85 +/- 0.3, p=0.02, month 6: 0.8 +/- 0.1, p= 0.06). Basal Inhibin B values did not vary significantly after 131 I. Basal mean sperm concentration did not differ from that found in a control group of 20 normal men (51.0 +/- 6.9 x 106 E/ml, vs. 57.6 +/- 7.5 x 106 E/ml) and did not vary significantly after 131 I therapy. Sperm progressive motility (SPM) was 39.1+/-4.7 % in hyperthyroid patients and 54.4 +/- 1.8 % in the controls (p=0.02). Ten patients (67%) were asthenospermic (SPM 131 I treatment of hyperthyroidism may account for a marginal and transient damage of Leydig cells, as highlighted by T/LH ratio. The lower SPM and increased theratospermia observed in patients before treatment could be due to hyperthyroidism per se, as suggested by the normalization of SPM in 5/10 patients after therapy. (author)

Histological changes in the thyroid gland after treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131I, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeichi, Nobuo; Inoue, Shozo; Hirose, Fumio; Nagata, Nobuo; Niimoto, Minoru

1976-01-01

At first, degeneration and destruction of follicular epithelium appears and its regeneration occurred after the first time administration of 131 I to hyperthyroidism. This regenerated follicule was tidy and could be called regeneration with low grade atypism. The second time administration of 131 I was made in the most active regeneration period, that is, 3.5 - 5 months after the first administration of 131 I. Degeneration and destruction of follicular epithelium were occurred strongly again, and after that, regeneration was occurred again. Regenerated folliculer epitherium in this case shaped comparatively distortion, and it could be called 'regereration with high grade atypism'. In the groups administered 131 I two or three time, the regenerated figure which is highly atypical remained for a long time, and at the same time, many adenoma-like proliferation figures were found in cases taking long clinical course of this group. It was thought that this process would give a lead to clarify the cause of occurrence of thyroid gland tumors following treatment with 131 I. (Tsunoda, M.)

Transfer of 131I and sup(95m)Tc from pasture to goat milk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bondietti, E.A.; Garten, C.T. Jr.

1986-01-01

The purpose of this research was to compare the behaviour of 131 I (Tsub(1/2)=8.0d) and sup(95m)Tc (Tsub(1/2)=61d), which were sprayed on to pasture that was subsequently grazed by a herd of dairy goats. The transfer of 131 I to goats milk was about 5600 times more than that of sup(95m)Tc after 5 d of grazing contaminated pasture. Most of the difference appeared to be explained by a progressive immobilisation of technetium on vegetation, which occurred during the first few days of the experiment. (UK)

Rituximab Therapy for Severe Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Angiitis Refractory to Corticosteroids, Cellcept and Cyclophosphamide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kamel El-Reshaid

2013-04-01

Full Text Available We report our clinical experience with rituximab in the treatment of 2 patients with idiopathic cutaneous angiitis who relapsed after treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. A 39-year-old woman and a 51-year-old man presented with ulcerating maculopapular rash in both lower limbs which relapsed 6 months after treatment with a combination of high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. After treatment with 2 g of rituximab, the first patient has still been in clinical remission for 32 months while the second has finished 28 months. Interestingly, CD19 which had dropped to 0.5% 8 months later in both patients. Despite that, our patients are still in clinical remission. No significant side effects were noted during infusions and up to the period of follow-up. In conclusion, rituximab is a useful and safe agent in the treatment of idiopathic cutaneous angiitis refractory to conventional therapy. Clinical remission persists years after improvement of B-cell suppression.

Critical appraisal of rituximab in the maintenance treatment of advanced follicular lymphoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aguiar-Bujanda D

2015-10-01

Full Text Available David Aguiar-Bujanda, María Jesús Blanco-Sánchez, María Hernández-Sosa, Saray Galván-Ruíz, Samuel Hernández-Sarmiento Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Abstract: Rituximab is an IgG1, chimeric monoclonal antibody specifically designed to recognize the CD20 antigen expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes, from the B-cell precursor to the mature B-cells of the germinal center, and by most neoplasms derived from B-cells. After 2 decades of use, rituximab is firmly positioned in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL, both in the front line and in the relapsing disease, improving previous results by including it in classical chemotherapy regimens. However, the pharmacology of rituximab continues to generate controversial issues especially regarding the mechanisms of action in vivo. The contribution of rituximab as a maintenance treatment in FL has been significant progress in the management of this disease without an increase in side effects or a decrease in the quality of life of patients. With the widespread use of rituximab, there are new security alerts and side effects not previously detected in the pivotal trials that clinicians should learn to recognize and manage. In this article, we will review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rituximab, the management issues in the treatment of advanced FL focusing on maintenance rituximab, its long-term efficacy and safety profile, and its effect on the quality of life. Keywords: follicular lymphoma, long-term efficacy, maintenance, rituximab, toxicity

Interaction between exo-nido-ruthenacarborane [Cl(Ph3P)2Ru]-5,6,10-(μ-H)3-10-H-7,8-C2B9H8 and bromine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Timofeev, S.V.; Lobanova, I.A.; Petrovskij, P.V.; Starikova, Z.A.; Bregadze, V.I.

2001-01-01

Interaction between exo-nido-ruthenacarborane [Cl(Ph 3 P) 2 Ru]-5,6,10-(μ-H) 3 -10-H-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 8 with bromine in CH 2 Cl 2 solutions at 0 deg C studied using the methods of elementary analysis, NMR, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was ascertained that the reaction gives rise to bromine atom substitution for chlorine atom in octahedral surrounding of ruthenium atom with formation of complex [Br(Ph 3 P) 2 Ru]-5,6,10-(μ-H) 3 -10-H-7,8-C 2 B 9 H 8 . The complex is crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with the following unit cell parameters a = 12.592 (1), b = 20.687 (2), c = 16.628 (2) A, β = 94.372 (3) deg, sp. gr. P2 1 /n, Z = 4. Coordination octahedron of ruthenium atom is formed by three hydrogen atoms bound with boron atoms in one triangular face of carborane, two phosphorus atoms and one bromine atom [ru

Long-term follow-up of autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Qian

1990-01-01

30 cases of hyperthyroidism caused by solitary autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) and treated with 131 I 4 to 24 years earlier (mean, 14.13 years) were studied. In comparison, a control group of 15 cases with AFTN, trated surgically 4 to 22 years ago (mean, 8.66 years), was also examined. The results showed that: (1) Thyroid scintigraphy is not only the determinant criterion for the diagnosis of AFTN, but also the most reliable measure for evaluating the effect of treatment and prognosis. Disappearance of the hot nodule and restoration of the function of suppressed thyroid tissue indicate cure of the disease. (2) Solitary toxic thyroid nodules are frequently polyclonal and occur in nodular goiters with scattered small multifocal hot areas. Therefore, recurrence of the disease is unavoidable either after 131 I therapy or partial thyroidectomy. (3) After treatment of this disease, an absent or low response to TRH test dose not indicate ineffective cure, and an exaggerated response also dose not predict hypothyroidims. (4) Use 131 I and surgery are almost equally effective for the treatment of this disease. All the patients are clinically euthyroid. According to the scintigraphic pattern, all the surgically treated patients are cured, but there are 1 recurrent and 1 with persistent hot nodule in the 131 I therapy group. (5) The 131 I dose calculated individually is more reasonable than a standard does

Refractory myasthenia gravis – clinical profile, comorbidities and response to rituximab

Science.gov (United States)

Sudulagunta, Sreenivasa Rao; Sepehrar, Mona; Sodalagunta, Mahesh Babu; Settikere Nataraju, Aravinda; Bangalore Raja, Shiva Kumar; Sathyanarayana, Deepak; Gummadi, Siddharth; Burra, Hemanth Kumar

2016-01-01

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody mediated autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. A proportion of myasthenia gravis patients are classified as refractory due to non responsiveness to conventional treatment. This retrospective study was done to evaluate clinical profile, epidemiological, laboratory, and features of patients with MG and mode of management using rituximab and complications. Methods: Data of myasthenia gravis patients admitted or presented to outpatient department (previous medical records) with MG between January 2008 and January 2016 were included. A total of 512 patients fulfilled the clinical and diagnostic criteria of myasthenia gravis of which 76 patients met the diagnostic certainty for refractory myasthenia gravis and were evaluated. Results: Out of 76 refractory MG patients, 53 (69.73%) patients fulfilled all the three defined criteria. The median age of onset of the refractory MG group was 36 years with a range of 27–53 years. In our study 25 patients (32.89%) belonged to the age group of 21–30 years. Anti-MuSK antibodies were positive in 8 non-refractory MG patients (2.06%) and 36 refractory MG patients (47.36%). Mean HbA1C was found to be 8.6±2.33. The dose of administered prednisone decreased by a mean of 59.7% (p=3.3x10–8) to 94.6% (p=2.2x10–14) after the third cycle of rituximab treatment. Conclusion: The refractory MG patients are most commonly female with an early age of onset, anti-MuSK antibodies, and thymomas. Refractory MG patients have higher prevalence and poor control (HbA1C >8%) of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia probably due to increased steroid usage. Rituximab is very efficient in treatment of refractory MG with adverse effects being low. PMID:27790079

Rituximab-related viral infections in lymphoma patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Aksoy, Sercan; Harputluoglu, Hakan; Kilickap, Saadettin; Dede, Didem Sener; Dizdar, Omer; Altundag, Kadri; Barista, Ibrahim

2007-07-01

Recently, a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody, rituximab, has been successfully used to treat cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and some autoimmune diseases. However, several viral infections related to rituximab have been reported in the literature, but were not well characterized. To further investigate this topic, relevant English language studies were identified through Medline. There were 64 previously reported cases of serious viral infection after rituximab treatment. The median age of the cases was 61 years (range: 21 - 79). The median time period from the start of rituximab treatment to viral infection diagnosis was 5.0 months (range: 1 - 20). The most frequently experienced viral infections were hepatitis B virus (HBV) (39.1%, n = 25), cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) (23.4%, n = 15), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (9.4%, n = 6), and others (28.1%, n = 18). Of the patients with HBV infections, 13 (52.0%) died due to hepatic failure. Among the 39 cases that had viral infections other than HBV, 13 died due to these specific infections. In this study, about 50% of the rituximab-related HBV infections resulted in death, whereas this was the case in only 33% of the cases with other infections. Close monitoring for viral infection, particularly HBV and CMV, in patients treated with rituximab should be recommended.

Clinical evaluation of the treatment in male patient with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: 131I treatment compared with antithyroid drug therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Li; Chen Jing; Zhao Ming

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy of 131 I treatment for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. Methods: 100 male patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis were divided equally into two groups, and treated with 131 I or antithyroid drugs (ATD). They were followed up regularly for 3 years with the cure rate, the incidence of hypothyroidism, the recurrence tree of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and the side effects, which included granulocytopenia, liver function damage and skin rash from medicinal herbs resource. Results: The cure rate of 131 I therapy and ATD therapy for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is 80% and 52%, respectively. And there is significant difference between them (χ 2 =8.73, P 2 =18.92, P 2 =11.11, P 131 I therapy has a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (χ = 6.35, P 131 I is preferable to effectively control the recurrent attacks of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. (authors)

/sup 131/I-BSP liver function test by BSP tolerance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanda, K [Minami Osaka Hospital (Japan)

1974-11-01

/sup 131/I-BSP liver function test after BSP intravenous tolerance was discussed, assuming that the reason why measurements of /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and /sup 131/I-BSP disappearance rate in blood showed respectable overlapping between normal group and group with slight liver disorders as compared with BSP test and the reason why differential diagnosis was difficult were due to underestimate of tolerance volume of /sup 131/I-BSP. /sup 131/I-BSP was observed with time as to 70 persons with normal liver function and 257 cases of liver diseases, using 5, 3 and 2 mg of non-radioactive BSP tolerance volume per kilogram of body weight. /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and /sup 131/I-BSP disappearance rate in blood are possible to separate overlapping over control in each measurement value at 3 to 5 mg/kg of tolerance, and in comparison of 3 mg and 5 mg, the latter showed a little excellent result. So, it was decided that tolerance of 3 mg/kg was a proper dose, considering tolerance to liver cells. /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes was a little excellent in accuracy and disappearance rate in blood after BSP tolerance is simple and profitable for practical use because collection of blood was only one time and measurement could be made with whole blood. As mentioned above, this method is seemed to be useful to practice of liver function test.

99mTc-rituximab radiolabelled by photo-activation: a new non-Hodgkin's lymphoma imaging agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gmeiner Stopar, T.; Fettich, J.; Hojker, S.; Mlinaric-Rascan, I.; Mather, S.J.

2006-01-01

Rituximab was the first chimeric monoclonal antibody to be approved for treatment of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is directed against the CD20 antigen, which is expressed by 95% of B-cell NHLs. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of radiolabelling rituximab with 99m Tc for use as an imaging agent in NHL for early detection, staging, remission assessment, monitoring for metastatic spread and tumour recurrence, and assessment of CD20 expression prior to (radio)immunotherapy. Rituximab was purified from Mabthera solution (Roche), photo-activated at 302 nm by UV irradiation and radiolabelled with 99m Tc. The effectiveness of the labelling method was evaluated by determination of the number of free thiol groups per photoreduced antibody, radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of 99m Tc-rituximab. On average, 4.4 free thiol groups per photoreduced antibody were determined. Radiolabelling yields greater than 95% were routinely observed after storage of the photo-activated antibody at -80 C for 195 days. The direct binding assay showed preserved ability of 99m Tc-rituximab to bind to CD20, with an average immunoreactive fraction of 93.3%. The internalisation rate was proven to be low, with only 5.3% of bound 99m Tc-rituximab being internalised over 4 h at 37 C. Our results demonstrate that 99m Tc-rituximab of high radiochemical purity and with preserved binding affinity for the antigen can be prepared by photoreduction and that the method shows good reproducibility. 99m Tc-rituximab will be further explored as an imaging agent applicable in NHL for the purposes mentioned above. (orig.)

Rituximab-Based Treatment, HCV Replication, and Hepatic Flares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evangelista Sagnelli

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Rituximab, a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody directed to the CD20 antigen expressed on pre-B lymphocytes and mature lymphocytes, causes a profound B-cell depletion. Due to its peculiar characteristics, this drug has been used to treat oncohaematological diseases, B cell-related autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and, more recently, HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Rituximab-based treatment, however, may induce an increased replication of several viruses such as hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, echovirus, and parvovirus B19. Recent data suggest that rituximab-based chemotherapy induces an increase in HCV expression in hepatic cells, which may become a target for a cell-mediated immune reaction after the withdrawal of treatment and the restoration of the immune control. Only a few small studies have investigated the occurrence of HCV reactivation and an associated hepatic flare in patients with oncohaematological diseases receiving R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. These studies suggest that the hepatic flares are frequently asymptomatic, but life-threatening liver failure occurs in nearly 10% of cases.

Rituximab-based treatment, HCV replication, and hepatic flares.

Science.gov (United States)

Sagnelli, Evangelista; Pisaturo, Mariantonietta; Sagnelli, Caterina; Coppola, Nicola

2012-01-01

Rituximab, a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody directed to the CD20 antigen expressed on pre-B lymphocytes and mature lymphocytes, causes a profound B-cell depletion. Due to its peculiar characteristics, this drug has been used to treat oncohaematological diseases, B cell-related autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and, more recently, HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Rituximab-based treatment, however, may induce an increased replication of several viruses such as hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, echovirus, and parvovirus B19. Recent data suggest that rituximab-based chemotherapy induces an increase in HCV expression in hepatic cells, which may become a target for a cell-mediated immune reaction after the withdrawal of treatment and the restoration of the immune control. Only a few small studies have investigated the occurrence of HCV reactivation and an associated hepatic flare in patients with oncohaematological diseases receiving R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). These studies suggest that the hepatic flares are frequently asymptomatic, but life-threatening liver failure occurs in nearly 10% of cases.

8-Hydroxyquinoline inhibits iNOS expression and nitric oxide production by down-regulating LPS-induced activity of NF-κB and C/EBPβ in Raw 264.7 cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Young-Ho; Woo, Kyung Jin; Lim, Jun Hee; Kim, Shin; Lee, Tae Jin; Jung, Eun Mi; Lee, Jin-Man; Park, Jong-Wook; Kwon, Taeg Kyu

2005-01-01

In activated macrophage, large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), resulting in acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) inhibited the LPS-induced expression of both iNOS protein and mRNA in a parallel dose-dependent manner. 8HQ did not enhance the degradation of iNOS mRNA. To investigate the mechanism by which 8HQ inhibits iNOS gene expression, we examined the activation of MAP kinases in Raw 264.7 cells. We did not observe any significant change in the phosphorylation of MAPKs between LPS alone and LPS plus 8HQ-treated cells. Moreover, 8HQ significantly inhibited the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), but not activator protein-1 and cAMP response element-binding protein. Taken together, these results suggest that 8HQ acts to inhibit inflammation through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression through blockade of C/EBPβ DNA-binding activity and NF-κB activation

(4bS,8aS-1-Isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrophenanthren-2-yl acetate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radouane Oubabi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The hemisynthesis of the title compound, C22H32O2, was carried out through direct acetylation reaction of the naturally occurring diterpene totarol [systematic name: (4bS,8aS-4b,8,8-trimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-2-ol]. The molecule is built up from three fused six membered rings, one saturated and two unsaturated. The central unsaturated ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the other unsaturated ring displays a chair conformation. The absolute configuration is deduced from the chemical pathway. The value of the Hooft parameter [−0.10 (6] allowed this absolute configuration to be confirmed.

Detection of experimental thrombi in rabbits with an 131I-labelled fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, K.Z.; Milner, L.J.; Boniface, G.R.

1990-01-01

The detection of thrombi in rabbits has been investigated with 131 I-labelled DD-3B6/22, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) reactive at high affinity (Kd=2.68x10 -10 M) with human D Dimer (DD). DD-3B6/22 bound well to both 'fresh' and 'aged' human clots in an in vitro assay but showed poor binding to rabbit clots. However, reactivity was restored to rabbit blood if it was seeded, before clotting, with human DD covalently coupled to Sepharose beads. Thus, a rabbit model was developed in which blood was allowed to clot around DD-Sepharose beads introduced into the jugular vein. Gamma camera imaging showed that intact 131 I-labelled DD-3B6/22 localised to these clots within 24 h. Uptake at this time was 0.202%±0.012% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) compared with 0.086±0.018%ID/g after injection of control antibody. 131 I-labelled F(ab') 2 fragments of DD-3B6/22 allowed earlier scintigraphic detection of the clot which was evident 4 h after injection. Uptake in the clot at 24 h was 0.154±0.038% ID/g compared with 0.109±0.027% ID/g for a control F(ab') 2 . As antigen levels in the clot are estimated to be less than 300 μg DD, thus representing a very small human clot, the DD-3B6/22 Mab would appear to have a good potential for the sensitive detection of thrombi in a clinical setting. (orig.)

Molecular mechanisms of resistance to Rituximab and pharmacologic strategies for its circumvention.

Science.gov (United States)

Stolz, Claudia; Schuler, Martin

2009-06-01

The introduction of Rituximab has greatly improved therapeutic options for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, a substantial fraction of patients with aggressive B-NHL fails first-line therapy, and most patients with relapsing indolent B-NHL eventually acquire Rituximab resistance. Molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms facilitates the development of pharmacologic strategies to overcome resistance. Rituximab exerts its activity on CD20-expressing B-cells by indirect and direct effector mechanisms. Indirect mechanisms are complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Direct activities, such as growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis and chemosensitisation, have been reported, but are less defined. Moreover, the relative contribution of CDC, ADCC and direct mechanisms to the activity of Rituximab in vivo is unclear. Down-regulation of CD20 and expression of complement inhibitors have been described as escape mechanisms in B-NHL. Recent reports suggest that deregulated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) and nuclear-factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), as well as up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins may determine the efficacy of Rituximab to kill B-NHL cells in vitro and in vivo. The latter signalling pathways are attractive targets for pharmacologic modulation of resistance to Rituximab. With the advent of new inhibitors and antibodies, rationally designed clinical trials addressing Rituximab resistance are feasible.

131I-cholesterol (19-C) in the diagnosis of adrenal disorders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, C.; Glanzmann, C.; Luetolf, U.M.; Renk, I.W.; Horst, W.

1976-01-01

Results are reported of quantitative adrenal scintigraphy with 131 I-cholesterol in 8 patients with normal adrenal function before and after ACTH-stimulation and cortisol-suppression respectively, in one case with an adrenal metastasis from a pulmonary cancer, in two cases with Cushing's disease and in 7 cases with Conn's disease. In normal cases and in patients with M. Cushing a diagnosis of adrenal cortical function is possible with this method but can usually be replaced by more specific biochemical studies of serum and urine. The scintigraphic method is in addition of value in localization studies and can in unequivocal cases replace the selective adrenal phlebography. In patients with M. Conn increased uptake values (bilateral adrenal cortex hyperplasia) as well as reduced or non-detectable uptakes were observed, one of these cases suffering from a cortex carcinoma with M. Conn. (orig.) [de

Nanocrystal Growth in Thermally Treated Fe75Ni2Si8B13C2 Amorphous Alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Minić, Dragica M.; Blagojević, V.; Minić, Dušan M.; David, Bohumil; Pizúrová, Naděžda; Žák, Tomáš

43A, č. 9 (2012), s. 3062-3069 ISSN 1073-5623 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0512 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Nanocrystal growth * Fe75Ni2Si8B13C2 * Amorphous alloy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.627, year: 2012

Status of urinary iodine and I-131 uptake after universal iodination of common salt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alam, F.; Begum, F.; Haque, M.; Karim, M.A.; Faruque, O.; Ali, L.; Khan, A.K.A.

2002-01-01

This work was carried out in the Institute of Institute of Nuclear Medicine (INM), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka. Here we have tried to explore present status of urinary iodine and uptake status in Bangabandhu. Period study was from 1998 to 2000. Total study population was 300, of them 84 was male and 216 was female. Populations of all social and economic strata have been studied, starting from bottoms to top-level income groups as well as urban, rural and suburban populations are included randomly. We studied I-131 uptake and urinary iodine. I-131 given orally in liquid form and the quantity accumulated by the thyroid gland at 24 hours intervals of time is measured using a gamma scintillation counter. Gamma-ray emission of 364 keV energy by I-131 is detected gamma scintillation counter. Urinary iodine is estimated by CIS-BIO kit. Urine is digested with chloric acid under mild conditions and determined manually by its catalytic role in the reduction of ceric ammonium sulfate in the presence of arsenious acid. The uptake was grouped into four categories according to their uptake percentage. Group-A; (lowest uptake group) 99 subject, have uptake between 0 to 4.9%, Group-B; 100 subjects, (relatively low uptake) who have uptake between 4.91-9.9%, group-C; 73 subjects, who have uptake between 10-30% and in-group D, there was 28 subjects their uptake was above 30%. We have also found in group-A median uptake is 3.0% and urinary iodine level is 43.31 μg/dl, in group-B median uptake is 7.0% and urinary iodine level is 33.95 μg/dl, in group-C median uptake is 23.0% and urinary iodine level is 12.97 μg/dl, in group-D median uptake is 34.0% and urinary iodine level is 9.35 μg/dl. We have found 1.04% have severe type low urinary iodine, 3.48% moderate type of low urinary iodine, 3.48%, 16.72% mild type of low urinary iodine and 78.74% have normal

Preparation of an imaging agent for cerebral muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, (R,S)131I-QNB

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ding Shiyu; Chen Zhengping; Ji Shuren; Lu Chunxiong; Zhou Xiang; Fang Ping; Wu Chunying; Wang Bocheng; Xiang Jingde; Lin Yansong

2003-01-01

The method to synthesize a high affinity muscarinic receptor antagonist (R,S)I-QNB[(R)-(-)-l-azabicyclo [2,2,2]oct-3-yl-(S)-(+)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[127I]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate] from 4-nitrobenzophenone with improvement compared to literatures was reported in this article. IR, MS and 1 HNMR characterized the final product. (R,S) 131 I-QNB was prepared using Cu(I) assisted iodine exchange labeling, and showed by TLC that the radiolabeling yield (RLY) was over 80%, and radiochemical purity (RCP) was over 95%. Stability of the labelled compound was also determined. It was found that (R,S) 131 I-QNB dried by nitrogen blowing can stay at 4-10 degree C for a week without change of RCP

I-131 therapy for thyroid diseases: Doses, new regulations and patient advice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaral, H.; Michaud, P.

2001-01-01

I-131 therapy has been widely used in the past 50 years. Its main applications are hyperthyroidism and functioning thyroid cancer. The indications, doses, regulations, precautions and guidelines differ in various centers. The following are recommended: 1. I-131 should be indicated in agreement of the endocrinologist and the nuclear physician with the patient consent; 2. Pre-treatment I-131 thyroid uptake must be performed; 3. The only contraindication for treatment is pregnancy, in children it might be used with caution; 4. For thyrotoxicosis both a calculated or an ablative dose (555 MBq) criteria are acceptable In this case secondary hypothyroidism must be considered an objective rather than a complication; 5. In uninodular toxic goiter a 1110 MBq dose is recommended; 6. Iodine free diet is indicated only for cancer patients; 7. Propylthiouracil (PTU) must be discontinued 5 days before treatment, it should be reinitiated 5 days later; 8. Prophylactic use of corticoid in Graves' disease still require more clinical data to support its use; 9. In treatment failure, wait six months for a new dose; 10. In intrathyroid cancer disease an ablative dose of 3700 MBq should be administered 4 weeks post-thyroidectomy or with a TSH level above 30 μUI/mL; 11. A whole body scan should be done one week later; 12. Follow-up whole body scan should be used only if there is clinical suspicion of metastasis. Thyroid hormone replacement must be discontinued for 30 days or with TSH value above 30 I/mL. For follow-up scan 185 MBq of I-131 are recommended to ovoid thyroid tissue stunning; 13. For metastases, 5700 to 7400 MBq dose is recommended if there are cervical lymphatic nodes or distant metastases. We recommended to adopt the criteria proposed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) published as 10 CFR 35.75 and the Regulatory Guide 8.39 for patients release after I-131 administration. (author)

Addition of Rituximab to Involved-Field Radiation Therapy Prolongs Progression-free Survival in Stage I-II Follicular Lymphoma: Results of a Multicenter Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruella, Marco [Division of Haematology and Cell Therapy, Mauriziano Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Filippi, Andrea Riccardo [Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Bruna, Riccardo [Division of Haematology and Cell Therapy, Mauriziano Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Di Russo, Anna [Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano (Italy); Magni, Michele [Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and University of Milano, Milano (Italy); Caracciolo, Daniele [Division of Haematology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Passera, Roberto [Division of Nuclear Medicine, San Giovanni Battista Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Matteucci, Paola; Di Nicola, Massimo [Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and University of Milano, Milano (Italy); Corradini, Paolo [Division of Haematology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and University of Milano, Milano (Italy); Parvis, Guido [Division of Haematology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Torino (Italy); Gini, Guido; Olivieri, Attilio [Division of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona (Italy); Ladetto, Marco [Division of Haematology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Ricardi, Umberto [Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Tarella, Corrado, E-mail: corrado.tarella@gmail.com [Division of Haematology and Cell Therapy, Mauriziano Hospital and University of Torino, Torino (Italy); Hemato-Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milano (Italy); Devizzi, Liliana [Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and University of Milano, Milano (Italy)

2016-03-15

Purpose: Rituximab (Rit) therapy added to involved-field radiation therapy (RT) has been proposed as an effective treatment for stage I-II follicular lymphoma (FL). The results of an observational multicenter study on the Rit-RT combination in limited-stage FL are here reported. Methods and Materials: Data have been collected from 2 consecutive cohorts of 94 patients with stage I-II FL treated between 1985 and 2011 at 5 Italian institutions. All patients had grade 1-3a FL, a median age of 54 years (range: 25-82). The first 51 patients received RT alone (control group), while the subsequent series of 43 patients received 4 rituximab courses (375 mg/m{sup 2}, days 1, 8, 15, 22) before RT (Rit-RT). Molecular disease was evaluated by nested bcl-2/IgH PCR or clonal IgH rearrangement was available in 33 Rit-RT patients. Results: At a median follow-up of 10.9 years (range: 1.8-22.9), the 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) projections for the whole cohort were 57% and 87.5%, respectively. The 10-year PFS was significantly longer (P<.05) in the Rit-RT group (64.6%) compared to RT alone (50.7%), whereas the 10-year OS projections were not significantly different. On bivariate analysis controlling for stage, there was only a trend toward improved PFS for Rit-RT (HR, 0.55; P=.081). Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index and age were associated with OS but not with PFS on Cox regression analysis. Bone marrow molecular analysis showing PCR positivity at diagnosis was strongly associated with relapse risk upon univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This multicenter observational study suggests a potential benefit of adding rituximab to radiation therapy for stage I-II FL. The results of the currently ongoing randomized studies are required to confirm these results. The study underlines the importance of molecular disease monitoring also for patient with limited-stage disease.

Addition of Rituximab to Involved-Field Radiation Therapy Prolongs Progression-free Survival in Stage I-II Follicular Lymphoma: Results of a Multicenter Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruella, Marco; Filippi, Andrea Riccardo; Bruna, Riccardo; Di Russo, Anna; Magni, Michele; Caracciolo, Daniele; Passera, Roberto; Matteucci, Paola; Di Nicola, Massimo; Corradini, Paolo; Parvis, Guido; Gini, Guido; Olivieri, Attilio; Ladetto, Marco; Ricardi, Umberto; Tarella, Corrado; Devizzi, Liliana

2016-01-01

Purpose: Rituximab (Rit) therapy added to involved-field radiation therapy (RT) has been proposed as an effective treatment for stage I-II follicular lymphoma (FL). The results of an observational multicenter study on the Rit-RT combination in limited-stage FL are here reported. Methods and Materials: Data have been collected from 2 consecutive cohorts of 94 patients with stage I-II FL treated between 1985 and 2011 at 5 Italian institutions. All patients had grade 1-3a FL, a median age of 54 years (range: 25-82). The first 51 patients received RT alone (control group), while the subsequent series of 43 patients received 4 rituximab courses (375 mg/m"2, days 1, 8, 15, 22) before RT (Rit-RT). Molecular disease was evaluated by nested bcl-2/IgH PCR or clonal IgH rearrangement was available in 33 Rit-RT patients. Results: At a median follow-up of 10.9 years (range: 1.8-22.9), the 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) projections for the whole cohort were 57% and 87.5%, respectively. The 10-year PFS was significantly longer (P<.05) in the Rit-RT group (64.6%) compared to RT alone (50.7%), whereas the 10-year OS projections were not significantly different. On bivariate analysis controlling for stage, there was only a trend toward improved PFS for Rit-RT (HR, 0.55; P=.081). Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index and age were associated with OS but not with PFS on Cox regression analysis. Bone marrow molecular analysis showing PCR positivity at diagnosis was strongly associated with relapse risk upon univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This multicenter observational study suggests a potential benefit of adding rituximab to radiation therapy for stage I-II FL. The results of the currently ongoing randomized studies are required to confirm these results. The study underlines the importance of molecular disease monitoring also for patient with limited-stage disease.

Predictive value of tracer studies for 131I treatment in hyperthyroid cats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broome, M.R.; Turrel, J.M.; Hays, M.T.

1988-01-01

In 76 cats with hyperthyroidism, peak thyroidal radioiodine ( 131 I) uptakes and effective half-lives were determined after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131 I. In 6 additional hyperthyroid cats, only peak thyroidal uptakes after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131 I were determined. Good correlation was found between peak thyroidal uptakes of tracer and therapeutic 131 I; however, only fair correlation was observed between effective half-lives. In 79% of the cats, the effective half-life for therapeutic 131 I was longer than that for tracer 131 I. After administration of therapeutic activity of 131 I, monoexponential and biphasic decay curves were observed in 51 and 16 cats, respectively. Using therapeutic kinetic data, radiation doses to the thyroid gland were calculated retrospectively on the basis of 2 methods for determining the activity of 131 I administered: (1) actual administration of tracer-compensated activity and (2) hypothetic administration of uniform activity (3 mCi). Because of the good predictive ability of tracer kinetic data for the therapeutic kinetic data, the tracer-compensated radiation doses came significantly (P = 0.008) closer to the therapeutic goal than did the uniform-activity doses. In addition, the use of tracer kinetic information reduced the extent of the tendency for consistently high uniform-activity doses. A manual method for acquiring tracer kinetic data was developed and was an acceptable alternative to computerized techniques. Adoption of this method gives individuals and institutions with limited finances the opportunity to characterize the iodine kinetics in cats before proceeding with administration of therapeutic activities of 131 I

Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy for Hyperthyroidism

Science.gov (United States)

... Physician Resources Professions Site Index A-Z Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear ... thyroid cancer. When a small dose of radioactive iodine I-131 (an isotope of iodine that emits ...

Ofatumumab Versus Rituximab Salvage Chemoimmunotherapy in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

van Imhoff, Gustaaf W; McMillan, Andrew; Matasar, Matthew J

2017-01-01

Purpose We compared the efficacy of ofatumumab (O) versus rituximab (R) in combination with cisplatin, cytarabine, and dexamethasone (DHAP) salvage treatment, followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Pat...

Identification of Fc Gamma Receptor Glycoforms That Produce Differential Binding Kinetics for Rituximab.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, Jerrard M; Frostell, Asa; Karlsson, Robert; Müller, Steffen; Martín, Silvia Míllan; Pauers, Martin; Reuss, Franziska; Cosgrave, Eoin F; Anneren, Cecilia; Davey, Gavin P; Rudd, Pauline M

2017-10-01

Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) bind the Fc region of antibodies and therefore play a prominent role in antibody-dependent cell-based immune responses such as ADCC, CDC and ADCP. The immune effector cell activity is directly linked to a productive molecular engagement of FcγRs where both the protein and glycan moiety of antibody and receptor can affect the interaction and in the present study we focus on the role of the FcγR glycans in this interaction. We provide a complete description of the glycan composition of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expressed human Fcγ receptors RI (CD64), RIIa Arg131/His131 (CD32a), RIIb (CD32b) and RIIIa Phe158/Val158 (CD16a) and analyze the role of the glycans in the binding mechanism with IgG. The interactions of the monoclonal antibody rituximab with each FcγR were characterized and we discuss the CHO-FcγRIIIa Phe158/Val158 and CHO-FcγRI interactions and compare them to the equivalent interactions with human (HEK293) and murine (NS0) produced receptors. Our results reveal clear differences in the binding profiles of rituximab, which we attribute in each case to the differences in host cell-dependent FcγR glycosylation. The glycan profiles of CHO expressed FcγRI and FcγRIIIa Phe158/Val158 were compared with the glycan profiles of the receptors expressed in NS0 and HEK293 cells and we show that the glycan type and abundance differs significantly between the receptors and that these glycan differences lead to the observed differences in the respective FcγR binding patterns with rituximab. Oligomannose structures are prevalent on FcγRI from each source and likely contribute to the high affinity rituximab interaction through a stabilization effect. On FcγRI and FcγRIIIa large and sialylated glycans have a negative impact on rituximab binding, likely through destabilization of the interaction. In conclusion, the data show that the IgG1-FcγR binding kinetics differ depending on the glycosylation of the FcγR and further support a

Standardization of 131I therapy for Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang Jianlin; Li Yuying; Gao Liuyan; Tang Xiuping; Hu Hongyong

2011-01-01

Objective: To establish the normative and standard measures, to ensure medical safety and quality of care of the patients with Graves disease treated by 131 I therapy. Methods: Formulating and strictly implementing the medical organizational and technical measures of 131 I therapy for Graves disease and regular follow-up. Results: Receiving 131 I treatment of 104 patients, follow-up 6-36 months, no adverse events, the cure rate of 59.6%, the efficient rate is 99.9%. Conclusion: It is important guarantee for the medical quality and safety to standardize the 131 I therapy of Graves disease. (authors)

细粒棘球绦虫AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合抗原表达系统的构建%Establishment of Echinococcus granulosus AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric recombinant protein expression system

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

古力帕丽·麦曼提依明; 马海梅; 吾拉木·马木提; 陈洁; 陈璐; 丁剑冰; 马秀敏; 温浩

2011-01-01

目的 构建pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达载体,并对其重组蛋白进行原核细胞表达.方法 从细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴中提取总RNA,反转录生成cDNA,以此cDNA为模板,用基因特异性引物分别扩增EgAgB8/1和EgAgB8/2基因编码其分泌型多肽的片段,经测序后,以此两条基因片段为依据,人工合成EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列,将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,测序鉴定其正确性.通过对pUCm-T/AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组质粒进行双酶切,将获得的AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列用定向克隆技术克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a上,测序鉴定插入片段正确后,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)Lys S,IPTG初步诱导表达pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合蛋白.用SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定重组蛋白的表达水平.结果 测序表明,AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列正方向插入至pET32a质粒.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,IPTG诱导后重组嵌合蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量约38 kD处有表达条带.结论 成功构建了pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达质粒,并初步诱导表达出AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合重组蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.%In order to construct the pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric antigen prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid and the expression of its recombinant protein, the total RNA was extracted from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus,and reverse transcribed into cDNA, the cDNA encoding mature form of EgAgB8/land EgAgB8/2 antigen were amplified by PCR using gene specific primers.Based on the both gene fragments, a nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were artificially synthesized after sequence confirmation.The synthesized nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were conformed by sequencing after cloning into pUCm-T vector, then the target sequence was directionally ligated into pET32a plasmid after double digestion with restriction enzymes for prokaryotic