Who needs 'pukka anthropologists'? A study of the perceptions of the use of anthropology in tropical public health research.

Science.gov (United States)

Napolitano, Dora A; Jones, Caroline O H

2006-08-01

Over the past 50 years, there have been considerable changes both in how medical anthropologists view their relationship to tropical public health and in how tropical public health professionals view the role of anthropologists. In particular, in recent decades critical currents have emerged from an anthropology of medicine, calling for an examination of biomedicine and its conceptualisation of public health. There are parallel debates in public health about a narrow disease-focused or broader socio-cultural approach to improving population health. Based on a review of the literature and a qualitative study of the views of public health professionals and anthropologists working in tropical public health, the data presented in this paper suggest that public health professionals remain unaware of many of the contributions anthropology could make to tropical public health theory and practice. However, the objectives of a critical social science are not dissimilar to those of the broader concept of public health. We suggest that there are grounds for optimism. For those of us concerned not just with disease but also with inequities in health, the challenge is to work towards a critical tropical public health which draws as much from social science as from biomedicine, in theory and practice.

Wandering anatomists and itinerant anthropologists: the antipodean sciences of race in Britain between the wars.

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Ross L; Anderson, Warwick

2015-03-01

While the British Empire conventionally is recognized as a source of research subjects and objects in anthropology, and a site where anthropological expertise might inform public administration, the settler-colonial affiliations and experiences of many leading physical anthropologists could also directly shape theories of human variation, both physical and cultural. Antipodean anthropologists like Grafton Elliot Smith were pre-adapted to diffusionist models that explained cultural achievement in terms of the migration, contact and mixing of peoples. Trained in comparative methods, these fractious cosmopolitans also favoured a dynamic human biology, often emphasizing the heterogeneity and environmental plasticity of body form and function, and viewing fixed, static racial typologies and hierarchies sceptically. By following leading representatives of empire anatomy and physical anthropology, such as Elliot Smith and Frederic Wood Jones, around the globe, it is possible to recover the colonial entanglements and biases of interwar British anthropology, moving beyond a simple inventory of imperial sources, and crediting human biology and social anthropology not just as colonial sciences but as the sciences of itinerant colonials.

The Need to Help. The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarism, de Liisa H. Malkki

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Fradejas-García

2016-05-01

Full Text Available La literatura crítica con el humanitarismo ha emergido en el ámbito político internacional para quedarse. Renombrados científicos sociales como Didier Fassin (2012 o Thomas G. Weiss (2016, entre otros, han trabajado sobre los efectos de las intervenciones humanitarias desde diferentes ángulos. Cambiando el clásico enfoque en los beneficiarios, las políticas y los programas para pasar a indagar sobre las organizaciones y los trabajadores humanitarios, Liisa Malkki ha hecho una gran contribución a esta literatura profundizando en el porqué y el cómo de las acciones humanitarias. La autora es conocida por sus reflexiones etnográficas sobre las situaciones de exilio y refugio causadas por las sucesivas guerras y genocidios que asolaron en el último cuarto del siglo XX la zona de los grandes lagos africanos. Durante el genocidio ruandés de 1994, Malkki estaba finalizando un libro sobre un conflicto previo y olvidado en Burundi que provocó la llegada de refugiados hutus a Tanzania. La etnografía resultante, Purity and Exile (1995, explora cómo la violencia política y la cotidianeidad del exilio transforman la identidad y la conciencia histórica de los refugiados.

An Engineer, an Architect, and an Anthropologist Walk into a Conference Room...

Science.gov (United States)

Aiken, Jo

2016-01-01

Ethnographers are urged to "be there", in the field, in order to gain insight about a particular culture. When the field is unreachable, or does not yet exist, the applied anthropologist must adapt their methods accordingly while maintaining the integrity of their research. The space industry presents a unique case study for such a dilemma. Drawing on Bourdieu's 1977 reflection on the structural constraints and the forming of unconscious schemes of thought imposed by the material world on the body, this paper considers the effect of the presence and absence of place in applied, collaborative anthropological work.

"Islam" In the Anti-Multicultural Rhetoric of Western European Politicians and Anthropologists: Congruence or Coincidence?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marko Pišev

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The recent rhetoric of the "end" or "failure" of multiculturalism in Europe and beyond came as no surprise to anthropologists. Moreover, the statements made by leading politicians of key European economies seem as though they are based on the decades old anthropological critique of the consequences of the failed implementation of multicultural policies in Europe and on the global level. It is as though the messages we have been getting over the course of the last few years – that multicultural policies are contraindicated, that they weaken the contacts between cultures, rob individuals of the right to change and chose their identities and strengthen intra-cultural mediators of power, with patriarchy, violence against women and children, leaving school, religious fundamentalism and even terrorism as main consequences – are being read by politicians from anthropological analyses of abuses of collective "cultural" rights. The paper considers the nature of this similarity between the discourse of politicians and anthropologists with a special emphasis on the status of "Islam" in them, and discusses whether it is congruence or mere coincidence of stances toward minorities, immigrants and cultural differences, as toward the regulations which were tasked with protecting this diversity as a fundamental European value which today, at least at the rhetorical level, seems to be fading.

Biopolíticas post-foucaultianas. Pensar el gobierno de la vida entre la filosofía política, la sociología y la cartografía del presente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victoria Haidar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La cuestión de la relación entre "política" y "vida", que Michel Foucault problematizara, promediando la década del '70, ha sido retomada por diferentes tradiciones intelectuales. Con sus propias "cajas de herramientas" y políticas de influencias, Giorgio Agamben, Didier Fassin y Dominique Memmi y Nikolas Rose, se ocuparon, todos, de la pregunta por la actualidad del ejercicio del poder sobre la vida. En ese intento recuperaron algunos de los problemas foucaultianos, enfocándolos con elaboraciones conceptuales críticas y recreativas. A pesar de esa inspiración común, las reflexiones sobre la biopolítica provenientes de la filosofía, la sociología y los governmentality studies han permanecido relativamente incomunicadas o, a lo sumo, la relación entre ellas se ha limitado al establecimiento de líneas de demarcación imposibles de cruzar. Como consecuencia de esa deliberada separación, las discusiones e investigaciones actuales que se ocupan de la relación entre "política" y "vida", han terminado configurando formas archipielares, alertas respecto de la mera posibilidad de contaminarse con enunciados foráneos. En un intento por superar esa fragmentación, esta reseña contacta, intercepta y opone argumentos provenientes de esos tres enfoques en torno a un conjunto, común, de problemas.

How conservative are evolutionary anthropologists?: a survey of political attitudes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lyle, Henry F; Smith, Eric A

2012-09-01

The application of evolutionary theory to human behavior has elicited a variety of critiques, some of which charge that this approach expresses or encourages conservative or reactionary political agendas. In a survey of graduate students in psychology, Tybur, Miller, and Gangestad (Human Nature, 18, 313-328, 2007) found that the political attitudes of those who use an evolutionary approach did not differ from those of other psychology grad students. Here, we present results from a directed online survey of a broad sample of graduate students in anthropology that assays political views. We found that evolutionary anthropology graduate students were very liberal in their political beliefs, overwhelmingly voted for a liberal U.S. presidential candidate in the 2008 election, and identified with liberal political parties; in this, they were almost indistinguishable from non-evolutionary anthropology students. Our results contradict the view that evolutionary anthropologists hold conservative or reactionary political views. We discuss some possible reasons for the persistence of this view in terms of the sociology of science.

The Medical Anthropologist as the Patient: Developing Research Questions on Hospital Food in Japan through Auto-Ethnography

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Pamela Runestad

2016-03-01

Full Text Available I was an inpatient at a small maternity clinic in Japan in 2012–13 and found it impossible to separate the way I experienced medical care and my training as a medical anthropologist. As I was encouraged to eat and monitor my weight so that I would “grow” a healthy baby, I recalled how interviewees from my HIV/AIDS project described nourishing their bodies so they could fight disease. Because of my experience in the healthcare system in Japan, I ended up reframing my data to add questions about the role of hospital food in patient care. Meanwhile, I developed the social networks necessary to execute a new project, which I would later undertake. In this essay I argue that medical anthropologists working from a phenomenological perspective may regard their own bodies as assets rather than hindrances in research, and that because bodies are gendered, focusing on this facet of habitus can be particularly informative. I also illustrate how systematic reflection on personal experience in the field (autoethnography aids in the development of research questions and reframing data. Finally, I discuss how highlighting these steps in research methods courses can demystify the research process for students.

Accuracy Rates of Ancestry Estimation by Forensic Anthropologists Using Identified Forensic Cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Richard M; Parks, Connie L; Richard, Adam H

2017-07-01

A common task in forensic anthropology involves the estimation of the ancestry of a decedent by comparing their skeletal morphology and measurements to skeletons of individuals from known geographic groups. However, the accuracy rates of ancestry estimation methods in actual forensic casework have rarely been studied. This article uses 99 forensic cases with identified skeletal remains to develop accuracy rates for ancestry estimations conducted by forensic anthropologists. The overall rate of correct ancestry estimation from these cases is 90.9%, which is comparable to most research-derived rates and those reported by individual practitioners. Statistical tests showed no significant difference in accuracy rates depending on examiner education level or on the estimated or identified ancestry. More recent cases showed a significantly higher accuracy rate. The incorporation of metric analyses into the ancestry estimate in these cases led to a higher accuracy rate. © 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Revisión Crítica: Biopolíticas post-foucaultianas. Pensar el gobierno de la vida entre la filosofía política, la sociología y la cartografía del presente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victoria Haidar

2009-09-01

Full Text Available La cuestión de la relación entre “política” y “vida”, que Michel Foucault problematizara, promediando la década del ’70, ha sido retomada por diferentes tradiciones intelectuales. Con sus propias “cajas de herramientas” y políticas de influencias, Giorgio Agamben, Didier Fassin y Dominique Memmi y Nikolas Rose, se ocuparon, todos, de la pregunta por la actualidad del ejercicio del poder sobre la vida. En ese intento recuperaron algunos de los problemas foucaultianos, enfocándolos con elaboraciones conceptuales críticas y recreativas. A pesar de esa inspiración común, las reflexiones sobre la biopolítica provenientes de la filosofía, la sociología y los governmentality studies han permanecido relativamente incomunicadas o, a lo sumo, la relación entre ellas se ha limitado al establecimiento de líneas de demarcación imposibles de cruzar. Como consecuencia de esa deliberada separación, las discusiones e investigaciones actuales que se ocupan de la relación entre “política” y “vida”, han terminado configurando formas archipielares, alertas respecto de la mera posibilidad de contaminarse con enunciados foráneos. En un intento por superar esa fragmentación, esta reseña contacta, intercepta y opone argumentos provenientes de esos tres enfoques en torno a un conjunto, común, de problemas.

The "in-between writer": Howard Stein, PhD, professor emeritus, psycho-analytic anthropologist, poet, educator, transdisciplinary scholar.

Science.gov (United States)

Reilly, Jo Marie

2016-09-01

This commentary reflects the professional life story of a prolific and well-published poet, Howard Stein. An anthropologist by training, Howard's poetry is well known and well respected by family physicians. It is within family medicine that Howard found his professional home, and in his 45-plus-year career he has shared the value of "patient story"; the value of the doctor-patient relationship; and the art of listening deeply to self, colleagues, and patients. This commentary offers a tribute to Howard's professional life and his contributions to family and narrative medicine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Didier Combeau, Des Américains et des armes à feux. Violence et démocratie aux Etats-Unis. Saul Cornell, A Well-Regulated Militia : The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renaud Pacoud

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Deux ouvrages différents dans leur approche mais également passionnants permettent de saisir l’évolution du débat sur les armes à feu aux États-Unis. Des Américains et des armes à feux. Violence et démocratie aux Etats Unis de Didier Combeau rend compte de la relation complexe que les Américains entretiennent avec les armes à feu depuis la fondation de la nation et de la polémique contemporaine sur la question du droit aux armes. A Well-Regulated Militia : The Founding Fathers and the Origins...

[Social anthropology and anthropologists of the past and present: from exoticism and the imagined reciprocity to everyday inequalities].

Science.gov (United States)

Neufeld, María Rosa

2012-01-01

In this article we examine two moments in anthropology. First we characterize anthropology as a subject specialized in the study of "the others", which developed in those countries that led the European and North American colonial expansion. We underline the links that existed between this historical context, the features of ethnography -the theoretic-methodological approach developed by anthropologistsand the concept of culture, that became the core of this discipline. Secondly, we intend to further the understanding of some trends of contemporary anthropology: the fact that nowadays anthropologists work on the societies they belong to, their operations (documenting the undocumented, unveiling dayliness, de-naturalizing), which find their roots in earlier anthropology. It also highlights the shift of focus from reciprocity relations to power and inequity relations. Finally it sheds light on some original developments in Latin American anthropology, considering some cases in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina.

Accuracy Rates of Sex Estimation by Forensic Anthropologists through Comparison with DNA Typing Results in Forensic Casework.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Richard M; Parks, Connie L; Richard, Adam H

2016-09-01

A common task in forensic anthropology involves the estimation of the biological sex of a decedent by exploiting the sexual dimorphism between males and females. Estimation methods are often based on analysis of skeletal collections of known sex and most include a research-based accuracy rate. However, the accuracy rates of sex estimation methods in actual forensic casework have rarely been studied. This article uses sex determinations based on DNA results from 360 forensic cases to develop accuracy rates for sex estimations conducted by forensic anthropologists. The overall rate of correct sex estimation from these cases is 94.7% with increasing accuracy rates as more skeletal material is available for analysis and as the education level and certification of the examiner increases. Nine of 19 incorrect assessments resulted from cases in which one skeletal element was available, suggesting that the use of an "undetermined" result may be more appropriate for these cases. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

KOUAME DIDIER.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrateur

en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale. Yamoussoukro : pp 98 - 102. Roseboom J., et Ng Kee Kwong K. F. 2007. Etude de faisabilité d'un programme d'appui à la recherche sucrière en Côte d'Ivoire : diagnostic et proposition d'orientations. ITALTREND en association avec SOPEX,. IAK, HYDRO-RD, MEP, ADAS. Contrat cadre.

Interview of Didier Houssin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colomer, Chantal

2012-01-01

In an interview, the manager of the IEA market and energy security Directorate comments the results of the Rio+20 summit, the possible evolutions of oil price in a context of world energy demand under tension and of geopolitical risks, the trends on the world gas market as they have been published by the IEA, how to solve the gas competition issue in Europe, the future of the oil refining activity in Europe as it looses competitiveness, and the indexing of gas price on oil price

A glowing tribute to CERN craftsmanship

CERN Multimedia

2001-01-01

Didier Lombard, metalworker in EST Division, has been crowned 'France's Top Craftsman'. It's the second time this prestigious title has been bestowed upon a CERN staff member. The reputation of CERN's craftsmanship outside the Laboratory just keeps on growing! For the second time in a row, a member of EST Division's Manufacturing Facilities Group has been named France's Top Craftsman. After Michel Caccioppoli in 1997, Didier Lombard has now taken his place on the roll of honour. This triennial competition seeks to honour workers and skilled craftspeople in two hundred different trades, from pastry-makers and painters to lacemakers and goldsmiths. To win the medal, competitors must produce an object on the basis of a compulsory specification. 3412 competitors entered this 21st edition of the contest, which covered the period 1997 to 2000. Only 846 of the original entrants eventually presented their work and in the end only 321 were honoured - just two in Didier Lombard's category, metalworking. To be fair, the...

George Sand: últimas novelas, últimos ensueños...

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Àngels Santa

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A propósito de la obra de George Sand, Œuvres complètes.Sous la direction de Béatrice Didier. 1870, I :Malgrétout. Édition critique par Dominique Laporte (París, Honoré Champion, 2013, 247 p. ISBN : 9782745322968 y de George Sand, Œuvres complètes.Sous la direction de Béatrice Didier. 1876 :La Tour de Percemont. Édition critique par Dominique Laporte (París, Honoré Champion, 2013, 247 p. ISBN : 9782745322951.

2319 IJBCS-ArticleDidier Dibong

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Dans l'optique de valoriser la médecine traditionnelle par l'aromathérapie, les enquêtes ethnobotaniques effectuées dans deux marchés de Douala ont permis d'inventorier et de caractériser les plantes médicinales à huiles essentielles vendues. les 48 vendeurs interviewés sont originaires de trois régions, Est,. Ouest et ...

2326-IJBCS-Article-Didier Dibong ++

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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maladie pourraient être favorisées par des facteurs tels que la mauvaise qualité des eaux consommables, leur mauvaise politique d'assainissement, les conditions ... puissant désinfectant et que, ses vertus favorisent l'excrétion urinaire et la sécrétion biliaire. Anonyme (2011) signalait que. Combretum micranthum est un ...

Cylinder management: how to reduce investments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2003-10-15

De-regulated and not mature markets are often pledged with illegal cross-filling, unlawful use and misuse of cylinders despite branding and property rights. These points were among the topics discussed at the round table on 'good business practices' organised during the 16. World LP Gas Forum, last October in Santiago. Didier Gilles, head of Totalgaz International Department, explained how the marketer is dealing with this kind of problems to protect its assets. Didier Gilles gave an example of this policy in Morocco. We publish large excerpts of this paper. (author)

Prolífica George Sand

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Àngels Santa

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A propósito de las obras de George Sand, Œuvres complètes. Sous la direction de Béatrice Didier. 1841-1842.Un hiver à Majorque. Édition critique par Angela Ryan. Horace.Édition critique par Jeanne Brunereau (París, Honoré Champion, 2013, 748 p. ISBN : 9782745319265 y Œuvres complètes. ́Sous la direction de Béatrice Didier. 1849.La petite Fadette. Édition critique par Andrée Mansau (París, Honoré Champion, 2013, 345p. ISBN : 9782745319203

1560-IJBCS-Article-Fiobe Emile Didier

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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La présente étude a été conduite pour apprécier le niveau de pollution des eaux du collecteur de. Dantokpa (Cotonou-Bénin) par l'évaluation de la diversité phytoplanctonique en relation avec les caractéristiques physico-chimiques afin de faire ressortir le risque de leur rejet sans traitement dans la lagune de Cotonou.

2776-IJBCS-Article-Tidjani Adamou Didier

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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des cuvettes oasiennes du département de Gouré (Niger). A. Krou MALAM ... Performance and marketing channel of the main agricultural products of the oasis basins in the .... dans le mouvement des biens et la prestation des services depuis ...

2089-IJBCS-Article-Didier Paulin Sokouri

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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amené l'état ivoirien à opter pour le développement de la filière lait locale. En effet, la Côte d'Ivoire ne ... forêt classée Yapo Abbé située entre Azaguié et Agboville. Une bonne partie de la végétation est constituée .... Collecte des données. Deux traites ont été réalisées par jour, la première avait lieu tôt le matin entre 5 h 00.

Actinorhizal nitrogen fixing nodules: infection process, molecular ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Actinorhizal nitrogen fixing nodules: infection process, molecular biology and genomics. Mariana Obertello, Mame Oureye SY, Laurent Laplaze, Carole Santi, Sergio Svistoonoff, Florence Auguy, Didier Bogusz, Claudine Franche ...

imide, crystal structure, thermal and dielectric studies

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

methyl imidazolium methylidene bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, crystal structure, thermal and dielectric studies. BOUMEDIENE HADDAD1,2,3,∗, TAQIYEDDINE MOUMENE2, DIDIER VILLEMIN1,. JEAN-FRANÇOIS LOHIER1 and EL-HABIB ...

352-IJBCS-Article-Dr Dibong Siegfried Didier

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Gatsing

en Europe depuis le dix-neuvième siècle est très recommandé dans la ..... potentielle avec une nutrition normale, les .... Annales des Sciences. Naturelles ... Flavonoids chemistry metabolism, cardioprotective ... forests: A case study of Douala.

Didier Machu. Lolita ou le tyran confondu

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Suzanne FRAYSSE

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Voici un livre écrit par l’un des nombreux amoureux de Lolita, par un chasseur manifestement enchanté, un érudit et un poète gravement atteint de nabokolepsie. Nabokov aurait certainement été fier et heureux de voir un lecteur caresser les détails, les divins détails, avec une telle gourmandise, débusquer avec une telle habileté des allusions intertextuelles que personne (et peut-être Nabokov compris n’avait vues avant lui. On sent dans ce travail universitaire une sorte d’exaltation et d’ex...

Nawoord: Over veldwerk en antropologie als wetenschap

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, Yme; Zwier, Gerrit Jan

2017-01-01

Since the 1970s anthropologists write in a more reflexive way about their fieldwork. Anthropologist and travel author Gerrit Jan Zwier wrote a book about the rise of this genre. He asked the historian and anthropologist Yme Kuiper to add an epilogue to a new edition of his classic (first published

Ligne Roset soliidne salong lõpuks ka Tallinnas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Tallinnas Tartu mnt. 6 avati Prantsuse firma Ligne Roset sisustussalong. 1890. a. asutatud firmast, mis alates aastast 1946 keskendus modernsele mööblile. Firma tooteid on aidanud kujundada disainerid Didier Gomez, Peter Malay, Pascal Mourgue ja vennad Bouroullec'd

Pariisi kiri. Kevadine raamatuhooaeg : [1999. a.] / Marek Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamm, Marek, 1973-

1999-01-01

Ka Pariisi rahvusvahelisest raamatumessist. Rets. rmt.: Genette, Gérard. Figures IV. S. l. : Seuil, 1999; Eribon, Didier. Arutlused gay-küsimusest. Pariis : Fayard, 1999. Eco, Umberto. Kant ja nokkloom. Pariis : Grasset, 1999 (prantsuse keeles, originaal itaalia k.: Milaano: Bompiani, 1997)

Kaks uut näitust Kunstihoones

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

20. detsembrist Tallinna Kunstihoones kontseptuaalne kunstiprojekt "Expat-Art-Centre" (koostaja Mathieu Copeland, osalevad Brian Eno, Pierre Huyghe, Ben Kinmont, Claude Leveque, Didier Marcel, Olivier Mosset, Shimabuku, Dan Walsh, Ian Wilson) ning Tallinna Linnagaleriis Marko Mäetamme "Mälestusnäitus"

Journal of Applied Biosciences - Vol 98 (2016)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars as influenced by chemical fertilization and tillage in Cameroon · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Didier Aime Boyogueno Begoude, Papa Saliou ...

Development of a microsatellite primer set to investigate the genetic ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Development of a microsatellite primer set to investigate the genetic population structure of Armadillidium nasatum (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Séverine Masson, Cédric Faivre, Isabelle Giraud, Catherine Souty-Grosset, Richard Cordaux, Carine Delaunay,. Didier Bouchon and Nicolas Bech. J. Genet. 93, 545-549. Table 1.

258 Typologie des granitoïdes de la région de Tiassalé (Sud de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Afrique Sciences

contexte distensif post-subduction [23, 24]. ... en compte une participation de la croûte continentale à la genèse des magmas, selon. Didier [25] et Laurent [26]. Tout ceci montre une origine double des magmas granitoïdes dans cette région :.

Global health intervention from North to South: (Academic) preparation of students

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Singla, Rashmi; Rasmussen, Louise Mubanda

2018-01-01

psychiatry/ psychology (Fernando), culture-centered health communication (Dutta) and medical anthropology (Farmer, Nguyen & Lock). The course is framed around a critical conceptualization of globalisation covering spatial and ideological dimensions (Fassin). Today’s practice of global health interventions......Global health intervention from North to South: (Academic) preparation of students By Rashmi Singla & Louise Mubanda Rasmussen, Roskilde University, Denmark This chapter discusses how to conduct before- intervention preparation of students based on a pioneer course collaboration between...... the subjects Health Promotion and International Development Studies at Roskilde University. The focus is on agents of intervention from the Global North with Global South targets. The theoretical framework of the course includes, among others approaches from cultural psychological (Valsiner), critical...

An Anthropologist Looks at Malaria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

prevalence of malaria is a major selective agent in- ... century before Darwin put forward the Theory of Natural ... A. C. Allison, a former research student of the Anatomy ... A review of all available ... However, they both draw attention to the.

An anthropologist in parallel structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noelle Molé Liston

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The essay examines the parallels between Molé Liston’s studies on labor and precarity in Italy and the United States’ anthropology job market. Probing the way economic shift reshaped the field of anthropology of Europe in the late 2000s, the piece explores how the neoliberalization of the American academy increased the value in studying the hardships and daily lives of non-western populations in Europe.

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. Samira Mansour. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 38 Issue 4 November 2013 pp 815-823 Review. Casuarina glauca: A model tree for basic research in actinorhizal symbiosis · Chonglu Zhong Samira Mansour Mathish Nambiar-Veetil Didier Bogusz Claudine ...

The team responsible for modifying the L3 magnet doors for the ALICE experiment

CERN Multimedia

Maximilien Brice

2002-01-01

First row from left to right: Vladimir Borkov (ITEP), Vladimir Bocharov (ITEP) and Vladimir Petrov(ITEP). 2nd row from left to right: Didier Anstett (SOTEB), Bernard Bourgade (DBS Transport), Sebastien Evrard (EST-LEA), Ferdinando Dalla Santa (EP-AIO), Igor Vetlitskiy (ITEP) and Luigi Pigni (EST-LEA)

Integrating forensic anthropology into Disaster Victim Identification.

Science.gov (United States)

Mundorff, Amy Z

2012-06-01

This paper will provide mass fatality emergency planners, police, medical examiners, coroners and other Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) personnel ways to integrate forensic anthropologists into DVI operations and demonstrate how anthropological contributions have improved DVI projects. In mass disaster situations, anthropologists have traditionally been limited to developing biological profiles from skeletal remains. Over the past decade, however, anthropologists' involvement in DVI has extended well beyond this traditional role as they have taken on increasingly diverse tasks and responsibilities. Anthropological involvement in DVI operations is often dictated by an incident's specific characteristics, particularly events involving extensive fragmentation, commingling, or other forms of compromised remains. This paper will provide examples from recent DVI incidents to illustrate the operational utility of anthropologists in the DVI context. The points where it is most beneficial to integrate anthropologists into the DVI process include: (1) during recovery at the disaster scene; (2) at the triage station as remains are brought into the mortuary; and (3) in conducting the reconciliation process. Particular attention will be paid to quality control and quality assurance measures anthropologists have developed and implemented for DVI projects. Overall, this paper will explain how anthropological expertise can be used to increase accuracy in DVI while reducing the project's cost and duration.

An Outline of Interpersonal Trust and Distrust

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Esther Oluffa

2015-01-01

The article is part of the dialogue "Intentional Trust in Uganda" with anthropologist Lotte Meinert......The article is part of the dialogue "Intentional Trust in Uganda" with anthropologist Lotte Meinert...

Amistades Internacionales como contribución a la paz. La correspondencia entre Paul Rivet y Theodor Koch - Grünberg en el contexto de la Primera Guerra Mundial.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Kraus.

2010-07-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the correspondence between the French anthropologist paul rivet (1876-1958, and the german anthropologist theodor Koch-grünberg (1872-1924 after the First World War. the letters illustrate how both anthropologists struggled to reactivate the scientifc exchange between the two nations which had been interrupted by the war. their interest in common research themes, which had always transcended their national borders, established a collaborative attempt to overcome hostility and further appreciate international discourses over national ideologies.

Analyse de la fiabilité des statistiques des pêcheries maritimes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 janv. 2016 ... SEDZRO Kossi Maxoe¹ *, FIOGBE Emile Didier¹, GUERRA Eduardo Balguerias², STAMATOPOULOS. Constantine³. ¹Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Humides, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université d'Abomey-. Calavi, 01BP526 Cotonou Bénin, Tél. (229) 95268262. ²Institut Espagnol ...

2275-IJBCS-Article-Karamoko Mamadou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Effet de la teneur en protéines alimentaires sur la croissance de l'escargot terrestre Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821). Nygblé Angèle SIKA PIBA1, Mamadou KARAMOKO1*, Coffi Franck Didier ADOU2,. Atcho OTCHOUMOU1 et Kouassi Philippe KOUASSI3. 1Laboratoire de Biologie et Cytologie Animales, ...

Journal of Applied Biosciences - Vol 96 (2015)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales anti hémorroïdaires des marchés et villages du Centre et du Littoral Cameroun · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Siegfried Didier Dibong, Patrice Brice Mvogo Ottou, Deli Vandi, Rosette Christelle Ndjib, Fabrice ...

CERN craftsman named Best in France

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2001-01-01

Didier Lombard, metal worker in EST Division, was crowned 'France's Top Craftsman' during the 21st edition of the contest, which covered the period 1997 to 2000. CERN employs some of Europe's top crafts people to work on construction of components for experiments that are designed to a high degree of precision.

EL CAMPO LABORAL DE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GUADALUPE ESCAMILLA

2007-01-01

Full Text Available ANTHROPOLOGY IN MEXICO HAS A LONGSTANDING TRAJECTORY OF PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT, BOTH IN academia and public settings. In this essay we stress the work of those professionals of the discipline who work outside academic settings. We undertake the discussion starting from different perspectives expressed by Mexican anthropologists who have advanced contrasting views of anthropological work. We present information about current professional settings where anthropologists are employed in Mexico, stressing the growing diversity of these niches and the challenges that young anthropologists face.

Anthropology in Agricultural Health and Safety Research and Intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Arcury, Thomas

2017-01-01

Agriculture remains a dangerous industry, even as agricultural science and technology continue to advance. Research that goes beyond technological changes to address safety culture and policy are needed to improve health and safety in agriculture. In this commentary, I consider the potential for anthropology to contribute to agricultural health and safety research by addressing three aims: (1) I briefly consider what the articles in this issue of the Journal of Agromedicine say about anthropologists in agricultural health and safety; (2) I discuss what anthropologists can add to agricultural health and safety research; and (3) I examine ways in which anthropologists can participate in agricultural health and safety research. In using their traditions of rigorous field research to understand how those working in agriculture perceive and interpret factors affecting occupational health and safety (their "emic" perspective), and translating this perspective to improve the understanding of occupational health professionals and policy makers (an "etic" perspective), anthropologists can expose myths that limit improvements in agricultural health and safety. Addressing significant questions, working with the most vulnerable agricultural communities, and being outside establishment agriculture provide anthropologists with the opportunity to improve health and safety policy and regulation in agriculture.

Lehtmetalliline maailm / Kristiina Garancis, Didier Deschamps ; interv. Kristiina Garancis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Garancis, Kristiina, 1969-

1999-01-01

Rahvusvahelise uue tantsu festival - Augusti TantsuFestival. Vestlus Prantsuse Kultuuriministeeriumi tantsunõuniku D. Deschamps'iga prantsuse tantsukunsti olukorrast ja kultuuriministeeriumi tantsuosakonna tööst

Cameroun

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

19 mars 2014 ... Mathurin TCHATAT1, Samuel BOWONG2, Christian Gaël Nembot Fomba3, Siegfried Didier. DIBONG*(3,4,5). 1. Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), B.P. 2123 Yaoundé, Cameroun. 2. Département de Mathématique et Informatique, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 812 Douala, ...

La figura dell’antropologo, le necessità di assistenza familiare e la costruzione di una “casa della salute”. Progetto di ricerca e sensibilizzazione nel quartiere Savena di Bologna - The role of the anthropologist, the needs of family caring and the creation of the “health house”. Research and awareness project in Savena district - Bologna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Palmese

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The author presents her research and awareness project about family caring initiated in the Savena District, Bologna. Through this experience, the author has had the opportunity to disclose the development of non-self-sufficiency among the elderly creating the so-called “health house” within the home. Using this expression, she specifies the alteration of the physical space and the combination of life stories and expectations of three subjects who dwell in this space: the elderly, relatives and family assistant (“badante”. Outside the house, however, economic and political interests are increasing. The anthropologist has to be fully aware of these power dynamics and, above all, has to develop an educational and mediation activity in order to create more possibilities of expression for the individuals involved in the care relationship.

Evidentiary standards for forensic anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Christensen, Angi M; Crowder, Christian M

2009-11-01

As issues of professional standards and error rates continue to be addressed in the courts, forensic anthropologists should be proactive by developing and adhering to professional standards of best practice. There has been recent increased awareness and interest in critically assessing some of the techniques used by forensic anthropologists, but issues such as validation, error rates, and professional standards have seldom been addressed. Here we explore the legal impetus for this trend and identify areas where we can improve regarding these issues. We also discuss the recent formation of a Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology (SWGANTH), which was created with the purposes of encouraging discourse among anthropologists and developing and disseminating consensus guidelines for the practice of forensic anthropology. We believe it is possible and advisable for anthropologists to seek and espouse research and methodological techniques that meet higher standards to ensure quality and consistency in our field.

Anthropologists in/of the neoliberal academy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tracey Heatherington

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Questo Forum raccoglie brevi interventi di antropologi che con ruoli diversi lavorano in differenti contesti universitari, allo scopo di riflettere su recenti esperienze di riforme neoliberiste del sistema pubblico dell'istruzione superiore. I contributi esplorano processi di neoliberalizzazione dell'università e cambiamenti istituzionali in corso in Australia e Nuova Zelanda, Romania, Danimarca, Grecia, Finlandia, Messico, Stati Uniti, Olanda, Spagna, Canada e Regno Unito. L'obiettivo è quello di costruire una piattaforma che possa ospitare riflessioni critiche sulle trasformazioni attuali dell'accademia e delle relative implicazioni per il futuro dell'antropologia. Auspichiamo che il Forum serva anche a indurre i colleghi alle prese con le conseguenze del vigente regime di austerità a formare una coalizione in favore di una idea di università diversa da quella oggi dominante. Contributi di Cris Shore & Susan Wright, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Sarah F. Green, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina & Steffan Igor Ayora-Diaz, Tracey Heatherington, Dimitris Dalakoglou, Noelle Molé Liston, Susana Narotzky, Jaro Stacul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Jon P. Mitchell.

The Closing of the "Bazaar of Cultures": Anthropology as Scapegoat.

Science.gov (United States)

Klass, Morton

1990-01-01

Notes Allan Bloom's attack on anthropologists and the concept of cultural relativism. Rejects the idea that the study of other cultures leads to giving up one's own culture. Suggests that Bloom represents a nativistic revitalization movement which has found that anthropologists make excellent scapegoats. (EVL)

Arhitektuuriuudiseid laiast maailmast - piiratud ruum / Mihkel Karu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Karu, Mihkel, 1983-

2006-01-01

Laevmaja Hollandis Muggenbeet'is (arhitekt Arnoud Olie, 2004-2005), noore pere korter Pariisis (arhitektid Nicola ja Adelaide Marchi, 2005), loft house Nagoyas (Shinichi Ogawa & Associates, 2005), eksperimentaalne elamu Lucky Drops Tokyos (Atelire Tekuto + Masahiro Ikeda CO., LMT., 2005), galeriikorter Cafe Au Lit Pariisis (arhitektid Didier Fuzia Faustino, Pascal Mazoyer, Bureau des Mesarchitectures, 2005), Studio D Tokyos (Hiroyuki Arima + Urban Fourth, 2005)

Sows' Ears and Silver Linings. A Backward Look at Ethnography.

Science.gov (United States)

Mintz

2000-04-01

Globalization, changing views of science, and alterations in the culture concept have gradually modified the way fieldwork is perceived within anthropology. This paper briefly examines the contributions of four ethnographers in order to argue that ethnography based on fieldwork remains essential to our definition as a profession. The claim is made here that unless anthropologists continue to make fieldwork central, anthropological theory will be cut off from its grounding in data. Other observers, less skilled than anthropologists but more daring, will increasingly supplant ethnographers in gathering new information that they then interpret and in claiming the public readership that anthropologists were once able successfully to address.

"The Good Child": Anthropological Perspectives on Morality and Childhood

Science.gov (United States)

Fechter, Anne-Meike

2014-01-01

Currently, there is no clearly delineated field that could be described as "the anthropology of morality". There exists, however, an increasingly visible and vocal interest in issues of morality among anthropologists. Although there has been a lack of explicit study, it has become clear that anthropologists have, in fact, been concerned…

Hope dies last: two aspects of hope in contemporary Moscow

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zigon, J.

2009-01-01

The concept of hope has, for the most part, been neglected by anthropologists. Recently, however, hope has been analyzed by two prominent anthropologists who view it either as a passive attitude or a future-oriented stance toward a good. My research in Moscow, Russia, suggests that hope is not so

Fuel for domestic and metallurgical uses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basu, D.; Chakrabarti, R.K.

1981-02-01

To meet the energy requirements in the domestic and metallurgical sectors CMPDI have taken in hand some developmental projects using coal as a feedback. 4 projects are described - mechanized conversion of coal to domestic coke, formed coke making by Didier-Keihan-Sumitomo process, domestic briquette making based on non-copking coal resources, and smokeless coal blocks utilising inferior grade raw coal and washery by-products.

Cognitive anthropology is a cognitive science.

Science.gov (United States)

Boster, James S

2012-07-01

Cognitive anthropology contributes to cognitive science as a complement to cognitive psychology. The chief threat to its survival has not been rejection by other cognitive scientists but by other cultural anthropologists. It will remain a part of cognitive science as long as cognitive anthropologists research, teach, and publish. Copyright © 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Näitus nagu kuu / Anders Härm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Härm, Anders, 1977-

2005-01-01

Näitusest "Expat-Art-Centre" Tallinna Kunstihoone fuajees, Ku fassaadil ja Ku-Ku kohvikus kuni 12. I. Näituse ja sellega kaasneva ajakirja on koostanud Mathieu Copeland, osalevad Brian Eno, Pierre Huyghe (sünd. 1962), Ben Kinmont, Claude Leveque (sünd. 1953), Didier Marcel, Olivier Mosset (sünd. 1933), Shimabuku (sünd. 1969), Dan Walsh (sünd. 1962), Ian Wilson (sünd. 1940)

Development of a geophysical methodology from boreholes for the study of granitic formation storage site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Masne, D.

1983-01-01

The aim of this work is the characterization of the fracturation of a granitic formation by the examination of borehole environment. Two types of methods are used. Methods using one borehole only: well logging (electrical and nuclear). Didier logs (electric dipole-dipole), Eric probes (electromagnetic dipole-dipole) and methods between boreholes (grounding). These methods were applied to two boreholes of 500m and 1000 meters drilled into granite at Auriat (France)

Competitive Intelligence : Competing, Consuming and Collaborating in a Flat World

OpenAIRE

2009-01-01

CONTENT The convergence of Societal Intelligence and Territorial Intelligence to promote Sustainable Development of weakened territories in France. By CHRISTIAN BOURRET Can military education benefit from the study of competitive intelligence? By DIDIER DANET Strategic Dependence of a Developing Country Vision from Patents By HENRI DOU, JEAN MARIE DOU JR, SRI DAMAYANTY MANULLANG Causes of Competitive Analysis Failure: Understanding and Responding to Problems at the Individual Level. By DR CRA...

African Anthropologist - Vol 12, No 1 (2005)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Of citizenship, public spaces and national imagining in Cameroon · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. N Jua, 100-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aa.v12i1.23119 ...

Cancer and the Comics: Graphic Narratives and Biolegitimate Lives.

Science.gov (United States)

McMullin, Juliet

2016-06-01

Cancer graphic narratives, I argue, are part of a medical imaginary that includes representations of difference and biomedical technology that engage Fassin's (2009) concept of biolegitimacy. Framed in three parts, the argument first draws on discourses about cancer graphic narratives from graphic medicine scholars and authors to demonstrate a construction of universal suffering. Second, I examine tropes of hope and difference as a biotechnical embrace. Finally, I consider biosociality within the context of this imaginary and the construction of a meaningful life. Autobiographical graphic narrative as a creative genre that seeks to give voice to individual illness experiences in the context of biomedicine raises anthropological questions about the interplay between the ordinary and biolegitmate. Cancer graphic narratives deconstruct the big events to demonstrate the ordinary ways that a life constructed as different becomes valued through access to medical technologies. © 2014 by the American Anthropological Association.

1ST International Conference on Small Satellites: New Technologies, Achievements, Problems And Prospects For International Co-Operation In The New Millenium.

Science.gov (United States)

1998-01-01

821798). May 25-28, 1998. Friedrichshafen , Germany. P.507-510. 3. Didier Massonnet, Producing ground deformation maps automatically: the DIAPASON...In Proc. of European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR󈨦). May 25-28, 1998. Friedrichshafen , Germany. P.237-240. 5. Z. Bergen, D...EjIH3aBeTHH, n. IIlHpOKOB Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR󈨦). May 25-28, 1998. Friedrichshafen , Germany. P.503-506. 8. U.Wegmuller, SAR Processing

Cambiar para perdurar: evolución del termalismo y los establecimientos de aguas minero-medicinales

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Sánchez, Juan Antonio

2017-01-01

[ES] Obras reseñadas: John SCHEID, Marilyn NICOUD, Didier BOISSEUIL, Joël COSTE, dirs. Le thermalisme. Approches historiques et archéologiques d'un phénomène culturel et medical. Paris: CNRS Éditions; 2015 ; Carlos LARRINAGA, Balnearios guipuzcoanos, 1776-1901. Turismo de salud e inversión de capital en aguas minerales. Donostia: Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País – Comisión de Gipuzkoa, 2014.

Nanomaterials and the environmental risk: is there some room left for ethics and law?

Science.gov (United States)

Byk, Christian

2011-01-01

How legitimate may be the concern posed by the nanotechnologies for health and environment,this effort for reaching a better knowledge of the biotoxicity of nanomaterials is not enough. As Pr Didier Sicard noted, we believe that the ethical reflection should not be the good conscience that may help science in getting rid of social fears. But the ethical reflection is there also to discuss taboo issues in the perspective of a better societal understanding.

The role of forensic anthropology in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI).

Science.gov (United States)

Blau, Soren; Briggs, Christopher A

2011-02-25

This paper briefly describes Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) and reviews the history of the use of forensic anthropology in the identification process. The potential contributions made by forensic anthropology are illustrated through the presentation of a case study. In February 2009 the state of Victoria in south-eastern Australia experienced the most devastating bushfires in its history, resulting in catastrophic loss of life and public and private property. Within 48h of the disaster, forensic teams including pathologists, odontologists and anthropologists assembled at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine in Melbourne to begin the task of identifying the deceased. This paper reviews the part played by forensic anthropologists in the identification process and outlines the important contribution anthropologists can make to DVI, especially at the scene, in the mortuary and in the reconciliation process. The anthropologist's experience with differentially preserved human remains meant they played an important role identifying and recovering heavily fragmentary human skeletal remains, differentiating human from non-human remains, establishing basic biological information such as the sex and age of the individuals and confirming or denying the possibility of re-associating body parts for release to families. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The anthropology of storytelling and the storytelling of anthropology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodolfo Maggio

2014-12-01

Full Text Available These research notes concern what anthropologists currently do, and can do, with stories. Although pleas for narrative have become increasingly widespread in contemporary anthropology, an anthropologist of storytelling cannot but recognise that all anthropological production is to a certain extent a story. A question ensues: what kind of story is an ethnography? These research notes propose an answer by providing, first, a working definition of story tailored to this specific purpose. Secondly, they propound a brief illustration of the three main thematic interests of the anthropology of storytelling: the relational dynamics between the people involved in the storytelling situation; the content of the story, and the storytelling techniques. Thirdly, these aspects are examined in order to claim that an anthropology of storytelling among contemporary anthropologists is a necessary condition to respond concretely to the above-mentioned plea for narrative.

The anthropology of storytelling and the storytelling of anthropology

OpenAIRE

Rodolfo Maggio

2014-01-01

These research notes concern what anthropologists currently do, and can do, with stories. Although pleas for narrative have become increasingly widespread in contemporary anthropology, an anthropologist of storytelling cannot but recognise that all anthropological production is to a certain extent a story. A question ensues: what kind of story is an ethnography? These research notes propose an answer by providing, first, a working definition of story tailored to this specific purpose. Secondl...

Welcome home, Descartes! rethinking the anthropology of the body.

Science.gov (United States)

Ecks, Stefan

2009-01-01

For many scholars, the Cartesian mind/body split is one of the fundamental mistakes of the Western scientific tradition. Anthropologists who study notions of the body in cultures around the world regularly take Descartes as their point of departure. Many also suggest that breaking free from Descartes is politically liberating: if the mindful body could be rediscovered, society could move away from its materialist, positivist, and commodity-fetishizing ways. Beyond the Body Proper is anthropology's best and most comprehensive anti-Cartesian manifesto to date. This volume brings together some of the finest studies on the cultural and historical diversity of bodies and minds. Yet anthropologists' blanket rejection of the mind/body dualism seems politically self-defeating. If anthropologists want to criticize racism, gender hierarchies, or discrimination against disabled people, they need to believe that the mind is independent from the body. In other words, they need to uphold the Cartesian split.

Cesare Lombroso: an anthropologist between evolution and degeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

Mazzarello, Paolo

2011-01-01

Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) was a prominent Italian medical doctor and intellectual in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became world famous for his theory that criminality, madness and genius were all sides of the same psychobiological condition: an expression of degeneration, a sort of regression along the phylogenetic scale, and an arrest at an early stage of evolution. Degeneration affected criminals especially, in particular the "born delinquent" whose development had stopped at an early stage, making them the most "atavistic" types of human being. Lombroso also advocated the theory that genius was closely linked with madness. A man of genius was a degenerate, an example of retrograde evolution in whom madness was a form of "biological compensation" for excessive intellectual development. To confirm this theory, in August 1897, Lombroso, while attending the Twelfth International Medical Congress in Moscow, decided to meet the great Russian writer Lev Tolstoy in order to directly verify, in him, his theory of degeneration in the genius. Lombroso's anthropological ideas fuelled a heated debate on the biological determinism of human behaviour.

Religions without God? Hans Kelsen, Anthropologist of Modernity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Di Lucia

2015-11-01

Full Text Available In 2012 an unpublished book by the Austrian legal philosopher Hans Kelsen, Secular Religion, has been posthumously published. This book, written by Kelsen between 1952 and 1964 in the United States, severely criticizes those theories of politics and culture that misinterpret modern social philosophy, science and politics as new religions, mainly adopting the controversial concept of “secular religión.” In the first part of the paper, we reconstruct the genesis of the book and the complex events that led to its final version, and we underline the motives that led Kelsen to write this vehement polemic in defense of the spirit of modernity, and eventually to withdraw it. In the second part of the paper, we investigate some of the main methodological and theoretical contributions that this work, albeit its critical tenor, is able to give to an anthropology of modernity.

University of Geneva | Conferences in November

CERN Multimedia

2015-01-01

To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Michel Mayor and Didier Quelozof's discovery of the first extrasolar planet, the University of Geneva is organising a lecture featuring the two astrophysicists | On the occasion of the centenary of General Relativity, NCCR SwissMAP together with the mathematics and physics departments of the University of Geneva is organising a series of 4 colloquia.   Lecture in French. For more information, click here. Conferences in French (except on 24 November). For more information, click here.

Monts Jura Jazz Festival

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

The 5th edition of the "Monts Jura Jazz Festival" will take place at the Esplanade du Lac in Divonne-les-Bains, France on September 21 and 22. This festival organized by the CERN Jazz Club and supported by the CERN Staff Association is becoming a major musical event in the Geneva region. International Jazz artists like Didier Lockwood and David Reinhardt are part of this year outstanding program. Full program and e-tickets are available on the festival website. Don't miss this great festival!

Writing Irataba

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pharao Hansen, Magnus

2016-01-01

Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia that anyone can edit, is simultaneously an experiment in anarchic knowledge production and a realization of the long dream of modernity: storing all human knowledge. It is also a battleground for the politics of representation and for creating and circulating...... and anthropological knowledge and Wikipedia's policies establishing how to authorize and re-represent narratives. These dilemmas point out to us, as 21st-century anthropologists, that we have a responsibility for being the stewards of the knowledge created by anthropologists past as well as for correcting...

Ethnography at work

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moeran, Brian

to a potential client will be preferred over that of a rival firm. The book shows how detailed ethnography can lead to an understanding of numerous different, but interlocking, theoretical issues. It demonstrates how ethnography can travel beyond the academic realm and be used by business personnel to heighten...... their understanding of their companies' organizational structures, strategies and daily work practices. Asking crucial questions about the role of the anthropologist in the field, "Ethnography at Work" introduces students to ways in which anthropologists study social systems in business....

Federal councillor for the Swiss federal department of the interior, Didier Burkhalter

CERN Multimedia

Maximilien Brice

2010-01-01

Visited the ATLAS control centre at CERN on 23 August, together with Fabiola Gianotti, the ATLAS spokesperson. The federal councillor also toured the LHC superconducting magnet test hall and the Universe of Particles exhibition.

Europe and energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kosciusko-Morizet, Nathalie; Reydellet, Daniel; Colliquet, David; Prevot, Henri; Bucaille, Alain; Sire, Didier; Mandil, Claude; Gressier, Claude; Mocilnikar, Antoine-Tristan; Lamy, Jean; Aladjidi, Gregoire

2007-01-01

This special dossier 'Europe and energie' is made of 8 contributions dealing with: a federating policy (Daniel Reydellet); presentation of the dossier (David Colliquet); for a new European cooperation between free-organizing countries (Henri Prevot); Industrialists looking for a policy direction, interview of Alain Bucaille and Didier Sire; we must combine energy efficiency and diversification of energy sources (Claude Mandil); a European policy of 'sustainable' transports (Claude Gressier); a global answer to climate and energy questions (Antoine-Tristan Mocilnikar, Jean Lamy); a growing role for venture capital and entrepreneurs (Gregoire Aladjidi); more from the Internet

Processus de formation et relations spatio-temporelles des minéralisations à or et argent en contexte volcanique Précambrien (Jbel Saghro, Anti-Atlas, Maroc). Implications sur les relations déformation-magmatisme-volcanisme-hydrothermalisme

OpenAIRE

Tuduri , Johann

2005-01-01

M. Michel FAURE Professeur, Université d'Orléans Examinateur M. Didier MARQUER Professeur, Université de Besançon - Rapporteur M. Alain CHEILLETZ Professeur, ENSG-INPL, Vandoeuvre-lès Nancy - Rapporteur M. Alain CHAUVET Chargé de recherche CNRS, Montpellier - Directeur de thèse M. Luc BARBANSON Maître de Conférences, Université d'Orléans - Co-Directeur de thèse M. Aomar ENNACIRI - Directeur Service Géologie SMI - Examinateur; Within the Jbel Saghro (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco), two major tec...

Présentation des auteurs

OpenAIRE

2016-01-01

Jean-Pierre Cléro, université de Haute-Normandie, Rouen Andrea Emiliani, président de l’academia Clementina de Bologna (Italie) Pascal Griener, université de Neuchâtel (Suisse) Yves Hersant, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris Philippe Junod, université de Lausane (Suisse) Françoise Knopper, université de Toulouse 2-Le Mirail Centre de Recherches et d’Études germaniques (CREG) Didier Laroque, École supérieure d’architecture, Paris Val de Seine Alain Michel, de l’Institut Jacki...

Anthropology in public health emergencies: what is anthropology good for?

Science.gov (United States)

Stellmach, Darryl; Beshar, Isabel; Bedford, Juliet; du Cros, Philipp; Stringer, Beverley

2018-01-01

Recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (2013-2016) and Zika virus (2015-2016) bring renewed recognition of the need to understand social pathways of disease transmission and barriers to care. Social scientists, anthropologists in particular, have been recognised as important players in disease outbreak response because of their ability to assess social, economic and political factors in local contexts. However, in emergency public health response, as with any interdisciplinary setting, different professions may disagree over methods, ethics and the nature of evidence itself. A disease outbreak is no place to begin to negotiate disciplinary differences. Given increasing demand for anthropologists to work alongside epidemiologists, clinicians and public health professionals in health crises, this paper gives a basic introduction to anthropological methods and seeks to bridge the gap in disciplinary expectations within emergencies. It asks: 'What can anthropologists do in a public health crisis and how do they do it?' It argues for an interdisciplinary conception of emergency and the recognition that social, psychological and institutional factors influence all aspects of care.

[Anthropology at the heart of medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Vidal, Laurent

2008-10-01

Anthropology and medicine share many concerns, but have had trouble collaborating in the past. The anthropologist has had to plead both with his colleagues and physicians to move beyond a vision that would confine him to the study of traditional or alternative medicines and representations of populations and the sick. The anthropologist's approach perceived as intrusive has also raised fears in the medical world. These reciprocal misunderstandings and stereotypes need to be overcome by an anthropology that studies the practices and knowledge of modern medicine as they are elaborated daily. Anthropology will dialogue with medicine without judging it. In its turn, medicine will open its sites of healing and teaching to the anthropologist. Anthropology at the heart of medicine is organized around the idea that the paths and expectations of health professionals reflect the specicifities of the local system of health. The individual dimensions of practices cannot be divorced from the functioning of structures of health and decision. Finally, like any other kind of anthropology, medical anthropology must scrutinize its own methods and ethics in a critical way.

Statistical basis for positive identification in forensic anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Steadman, Dawnie Wolfe; Adams, Bradley J; Konigsberg, Lyle W

2006-09-01

Forensic scientists are often expected to present the likelihood of DNA identifications in US courts based on comparative population data, yet forensic anthropologists tend not to quantify the strength of an osteological identification. Because forensic anthropologists are trained first and foremost as physical anthropologists, they emphasize estimation problems at the expense of evidentiary problems, but this approach must be reexamined. In this paper, the statistical bases for presenting osteological and dental evidence are outlined, using a forensic case as a motivating example. A brief overview of Bayesian statistics is provided, and methods to calculate likelihood ratios for five aspects of the biological profile are demonstrated. This paper emphasizes the definition of appropriate reference samples and of the "population at large," and points out the conceptual differences between them. Several databases are introduced for both reference information and to characterize the "population at large," and new data are compiled to calculate the frequency of specific characters, such as age or fractures, within the "population at large." Despite small individual likelihood ratios for age, sex, and stature in the case example, the power of this approach is that, assuming each likelihood ratio is independent, the product rule can be applied. In this particular example, it is over three million times more likely to obtain the observed osteological and dental data if the identification is correct than if the identification is incorrect. This likelihood ratio is a convincing statistic that can support the forensic anthropologist's opinion on personal identity in court. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Petrology of Oligocene Ghaleh Yaghmesh granitoids in the west of Yazd province

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bahareh Fazeli

2017-02-01

calculation of amphibole minerals by Cameca SX50 microprobe device at the Oklahomacity University (Norman - USA. Results The studied plutonic rocks are dominated by plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, amphibole (magnesio hornblende and actinolite hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene. Zircon, apatite, sphene, tourmaline and opaque minerals as the common accessory and chlorite, epidote and calcite are the secondary minerals. On the base of petrographic observation as well as mineral-chemistry and geochemical data, the granitoid massif is classified as I-type (magnetite series, calc – alkaline and metaluminous composition. The rocks under discussion are characterized by the high level of LILE (Ba, Sr, K and Cs and the negative anomaly of HFS elements (Ti, Nb, Zr and Y indicating the subduction related magmatism. The Ghaleh Yaghmesh granitoids are cogenetic and possibly developed in subduction zone related to active continental margin calc – alkaline volcanic arcs. Mixing process of acidic and basic magmas is likely involved in generation of the rocks being studied. Discussion The parent magma probably formed by partial melting of amphibolites with some sedimentary materials. Fractional crystallization of melt in the higher levels of crust gave rise to various rock types. Mantle – derived basaltic magmas emplaced into the lower crust most likely provide heat for partial melting Clemens et al., 2011(. Field evidences such as the presence of mafic microgranular enclaves having sharp boundaries with the host rocks (Zorpi et al., 1989; Didier, 1991, petrographic observations (similar mineralogy of MME and the host rock (Didier, 1991; Didier and Barbarin, 1991, the occurrence of accicular apatite (Zorpi et al., 1989; Didier, 1991, the corroded margin of amphibole and plagioclase (Zorpi et al., 1989; Shelley, 1993 and the abundance of biotite and hornblende in MME compared to the host rock (Ellis and Thompson, 1986 and geochemical criteria (range of silica from 51.35 to 70.78 indicate

Introduction

Science.gov (United States)

Taussig, Karen-Sue; Gibbon, Sahra Elizabeth

2013-01-01

We introduce this special issue of Medial Anthropology Quarterly on public health genomics by exploring both the unique contribution of ethnographic sensibility that medical anthropologists bring to the study of genomics and some of the key insights offered by the essays in this collection. As anthropologists, we are concerned with the power dynamics and larger cultural commitments embedded in practices associated with public health. We seek to understand, first, the broad significance of genomics as a cultural object and, second, the social action set into motion as researchers seek to translate genomic knowledge and technology into public health benefits. PMID:24214906

De la ilegibilidad de lo ajeno. lectura mágica y escritura mimética en Alfred Döblin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sven Werkmeister

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The article discusses and questions the concept of "cultural text" developed by anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz. The theory of culture as text opens the possibility of a semiotic reading of the cultural text, giving the anthropologist the role of hermeneutic interpreter of foreign cultures as systems of symbols. The paper shows, through analysis the literary of trilogy Amazons from German writer Alfred Dóblin, that the ethnographic approach is not always characterized by processes of understanding and interpretation, but is just the reflection of illegibility phenomena can be a fruitful basis for a cultural approach.

An Anthropologist Examines the Navy’s Recruiting Process.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-12-01

who come to these border towns primarily to pur- chase appliances, electrical and electronic goods, automobile parts, some kinds of clothing, and some...Am automobile in order to entice him away from the Navy. There are some relatively stringent security requirements for Cuban appli- cants. The...22217 Naval Military Personnel Command HRm Department (NMPC-6)Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20350 Code 2627Codenon 262 WahigtnDC205 Washington

An Anthropologist Looks at Malaria | Tobias | South African Medical ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Also, malaria may be associated with the lower levels of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the red blood cells of Blacks. Man's cultural evolution and especially the adoption of agriculture - may have played a big part in the establishment of areas of malarial hyperendemicity. Thus, indirectly, malaria may have helped the early ...

"The Path is Open": The Herskovitz Legacy. In African Narrative Analysis And Beyond.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseph Yaï Olabiyi Babalola

2011-08-01

Full Text Available An unresolved tragedy is inherent in the task of translation. The translator knows that translation is at once impossible and necessary. That tragedy attains heroic proportions with anthropologists insofar as they are translators of entire cultures. Thus, anthropologists, at least the most honest and perceptive among them, are tragic heroes. This proposition became crystallized in my mind as an aphorism as I read the last sentence of Melville and Frances Herskovits's lengthy and challenging introduction to their Dahomean Narrative: “As spoken forms, the stories should preferably be read aloud.” It is not by chance that this sentence concludes 122 pages of substantial analytical discourse in cultural anthropology. I see it as an impassioned call upon readers to displace themselves, as an invitation to leave their own world and inhabit the Fon cultural world. We are invited to read aloud, in English, Fon texts of various genres that were supposed to have been performed orally, then translated into French by Dahomean interpreters, and finally translated into English by the anthropologist authors. Only a hero indeed could cross so many borders.

FORMA Y VARIACIÓN EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE ALDEA BALINESA / Form and variation in a balinese village structure

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Clifford Geertz

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El texto originalmente apareció bajo el título "Form and variation in a balinese village structure", en American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 61, N° 6 (Diciembre de 1959, pp. 991-1012. Agradecemos a American Anthropologist por la autorización a publicar esta traducción. Elegimos traducir y editar este texto de Clifford Geertz en la RMA, por considerarlo una pieza clave para los debates de la “era estructuralista”, por sus cualidades intrínsecas y su trascendencia para la teoría – etnografía, así como por tratarse de un texto primario de un autor fundamental.

Contribución a la validación estadística del test de szondi

OpenAIRE

Vallejo de Cardona, Marianella; Arbeláez M., Nelly

2012-01-01

Con un replanteamiento de los conceptos metrológicos comunes, después de Mary D. Ainsworth y con Didier Anzieu entendemos que la validación de un test proyectivo se asemeja más bien al proceso científico de validación de hipótesis, y que es el conjunto de operaciones por las cuales se prueba que el test tiene un triple valor, a saber: De sensibilidad, es decir de discriminación de los individuos probados; de Fiabilidad, es decir de constancia en las medidas; de Validez, es decir de pertenenci...

Du Burger-King au pavillon. L’illégitimité des univers paradisiaques de l’individu contemporain.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Dumont

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Une fois n’est pas coutume, ce sont cette fois deux types de blogs qui ont retenu l’attention du site du mois : le premier sur l’ univers de la culture fast-food , les seconds constituant une série sur les autoconstructeurs ( Didier et son chantier , puis Autoconstructeur dans la Drôme ainsi qu’ autoconstruction à St Prix — bien d’autres auraient pu être cités, mais le visiteur peut aisément glisser de liens en liens à partir de ces sites. Pavillons, MacDo et blog : ...

Design Anthropology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

This edited volume provides an introduction to the emerging field of design anthropology from the point of view of anthropologists engaging in its development. Contributors include young anthropologists with experience in the field and leading theoreticians, who combine to articulate the specific...... style of knowing involved in doing design anthropology. So far design anthropology has been developed mostly in the practice of industry and the public sector, in particular in Scandinavia and the US, and the sustained academic reflection to support this practice is still in its early stages. This book...... will contribute to this theoretical reflection and provide a reference for practitioners, teachers and students of anthropology, as well as design and innovation....

A Brief History of Media Anthropology

Science.gov (United States)

Eiselein, E. B.; Topper, Martin

1976-01-01

Media and anthropology have been inalienably linked since the beginning of anthropology. Anthropologists have experimented with a variety of media to communicate anthropology to new audiences. (Author)

'Freud's speculations in ethnology': A reflection on anthropology's encounter with psychoanalysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera, Patrick S

2017-06-01

In the early 20th century, many analysts - Freud and Ernest Jones in particular - were confident that cultural anthropologists would demonstrate the universal nature of the Oedipus complex and other unconscious phenomena. Collaboration between the two disciplines, however, was undermined by a series of controversies surrounding the relationship between psychology and culture. This paper re-examines the three episodes that framed anthropology's early encounter with psychoanalysis, emphasizing the important works and their critical reception. Freud's Totem and Taboo began the interdisciplinary dialogue, but it was Bronislaw Malinowski's embrace of psychoanalysis - a development anticipated through a close reading of his personal diaries - that marked a turning point in relations between the two disciplines. Malinowski argued that an avuncular (rather than an Oedipal) complex existed in the Trobriand Islands. Ernest Jones' critical dismissal of this theory alienated Malinowski from psychoanalysis and ended ethnographers' serious exploration of Freudian thought. A subsequent ethnographic movement, 'culture and personality,' was erroneously seen by many anthropologists as a product of Freudian theory. When 'culture and personality' was abandoned, anthropologists believed that psychoanalysis had been discredited as well - a narrative that still informs the historiography of the discipline and its rejection of psychoanalytical theory. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Forensic anthropology in Europe: an assessment of current status and application.

Science.gov (United States)

Kranioti, Elena; Paine, Robert

2011-01-01

Forensic anthropology is the discipline that traditionally deals with the examination of human remains for legal purposes and it derives from the fields of anatomy, physical anthropology and forensic medicine. For more than a century, forensic anthropologists in the United States have been offering their services in the court of law complementing the medico-legal investigation of other forensic professionals. The current status in European countries is presented here. The development of forensic anthropology varies significantly among the countries of Europe. Whereas some countries show a long history of research activity in the forensic sciences, including forensic anthropology (i.e. France, Germany and Spain), others are exhibiting a recent, rapid development (i.e. United Kingdom). In some cases, forensic anthropologists are employed within the academic realm (i.e. U.K., Denmark, Portugal, Turkey), forensic institutions (Netherlands) or government organizations (Spain, Hungary), although the vast majority of them remain limited to freelance activities on a sporadic basis. Often, European scientists that deal with skeletal remains come from nonphysical anthropology disciplines such as archaeology, forensic medicine and biology. In many cases they do not have adequate training equivalent to the forensic anthropologists in the USA. Naturally, without common training and a common legal system, an accreditation system for Europe will be difficult to implement.

Ljubor Niderle (1865—1944)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jelínková, Dagmar; Gavrituchin, I. O.

-, č. 5 (2015), s. 27-34 ISSN 1608-9057 Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : Lubor Niederle * life and work * archaeologist * anthropologist * ethnographer Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Thèses de doctorat soutenues

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2005-04-01

Full Text Available LEGRAND Stéphane, Le normal et l'anormal (une archéologie du concept de norme dans l'oeuvre de Michel Foucault. Thèse soutenue à l’Université de Lille III, le lundi 8 décembre 2003.Composition du jury :M. Etienne Balibar, Professeur émérite à l'Université de Paris X-NanterreM. Didier Deleule, Professeur à l'Université de Paris X-NanterreM. Frédéric Worms, Professeur à l'Université de Lille IIIM. Pierre Macherey, Professeur à l'Université de Lille III, Directeur de thèse. Nous nous efforçons ...

Governing how we care: contesting community and defining difference in U.S. public health programs

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Shaw, Susan J., Dr

2012-01-01

.... In Governing How We Care, medical anthropologist Susan Shaw examines the relationship between government and citizens using case studies of needle exchange and Welfare-to-Work programs to illustrate...

Best sellers Books received

African Journals Online (AJOL)

support systems, philosophy, politics, placebos, research, spirituality, surrogacy and almost 1 000 other concepts and terms. Included among the many contributors are doctors, lawyers, philosophers, theologians, economists, and anthropologists.

To Fairly Tell: Social Mobility, Life Histories, and the Anthropologist

Science.gov (United States)

Benei, Veronique

2010-01-01

This article focuses on social agents' own understandings of socio-economic mobility and social achievement, exploring the possibilities offered by the tool of "family" life history in the context of formerly Untouchable communities in western India, Maharashtra. While arguing in favour of family life histories as both resource and…

The Return of Napoleon Chagnon: On American “Cowboys” and Amazonian Indians, again

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gordana Gorunović

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The immediate motive for the writing of this paper is the renewed interest in the controversial anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon, whose name, scientific work and authority (or the dubious value thereof is firmly linked to the Yanomami people of South America. The image of the “paleolithic -neolithic” warrior culture of the Yanomami in the contemporary world, which was construed by the American anthropologist through his books and ethnographic films, was received by millions of people all over the world, including members of the Yanomami community. At the turn of the 21st century, this image backfired at its author, his ethnographic subjects and the discipline itself, and began to disintegrate. The ensuing controversies are the topic of this paper.

Reconciling "stress" and "health" in physical anthropology: what can bioarchaeologists learn from the other subdisciplines?

Science.gov (United States)

Reitsema, Laurie J; McIlvaine, Britney Kyle

2014-10-01

The concepts of "stress" and "health" are foundational in physical anthropology as guidelines for interpreting human behavior and biocultural adaptation in the past and present. Though related, stress and health are not coterminous, and while the term "health" encompasses some aspects of "stress," health refers to a more holistic condition beyond just physiological disruption, and is of considerable significance in contributing to anthropologists' understanding of humanity's lived experiences. Bioarchaeological interpretations of human health generally are made from datasets consisting of skeletal markers of stress, markers that result from (chronic) physiological disruption (e.g., porotic hyperostosis; linear enamel hypoplasia). Non-specific indicators of stress may measure episodes of stress and indicate that infection, disease, or nutritional deficiencies were present in a population, but in assessing these markers, bioarchaeologists are not measuring "health" in the same way as are human biologists, medical anthropologists, or primatologists. Rather than continue to diverge on separate (albeit parallel) trajectories, bioarchaeologists are advised to pursue interlinkages with other subfields within physical anthropology toward bridging "stress" and "health." The papers in this special symposium set include bioarchaeologists, human biologists, molecular anthropologists, and primatologists whose research develops this link between the concepts of "stress" and "health," encouraging new avenues for bioarchaeologists to consider and reconsider health in past human populations. Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

"Doctor, Why Didn't You Adopt My Baby?" Observant Participation, Care, and the Simultaneous Practice of Medicine and Anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Sufrin, Carolyn

2015-12-01

Medical anthropology has long appreciated the clinical encounter as a rich source of data and a key site for critical inquiry. It is no surprise, then, that a number of physician-anthropologists have used their clinical insights to make important contributions to the field. How does this duality challenge and enhance the moral practice and ethics of care inherent both to ethnography and to medicine? How do bureaucratic and professional obligations of HIPAA and the IRB intersect with aspirations of anthropology to understand human experience and of medicine to heal with compassion? In this paper, I describe my simultaneous fieldwork and clinical practice at an urban women's jail in the United States. In this setting, being a physician facilitates privileged access to people and spaces within, garners easy trust, and enables an insider perspective more akin to observant participation than participant observation. Through experiences of delivering the infants of incarcerated pregnant women and of being with the mothers as they navigate drug addiction, child custody battles, and re-incarceration, the roles of doctor and anthropologist become mutually constitutive and transformative. Moreover, the dual practice reveals congruities and cracks in each discipline's ethics of care. Being an anthropologist among informants who may have been patients reworks expectations of care and necessitates ethical practice informed by the dual roles.

The impact of a nutrition education programme on feeding practices ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

LF Mushaphi

indigenous and traditional food systems of poor and rural communities need ..... Manu and Khetarpaul5 indicated that most rural Indian preschool children ..... nutritional status of scheduled Caste pre-school children of Amritsar. Anthropologist ...

[Anthropology and synthetic Darwinism in the Third Reich: The Evolution of Organisms (1943)].

Science.gov (United States)

Hossfeld, Uwe; Junker, Thomas

2003-03-01

This essay will analyse early attempts to base anthropology on the theoretical model provided by the emerging synthetic Darwinism of the 1940s. In the first section we will investigate the historical context of the publication of one of the central documents of synthetic Darwinism in Germany: Gerhard Heberer's Die Evolution der Organismen (1943). Anthropology was covered extensively in this book. The second section will give an impression of the live and work of the five anthropologists represented in Heberer's book: Christian von Krogh, Wilhelm Gieseler, Otto Reche, Hans Weinert, and Gerhard Heberer. The third part of our paper will clarify whether these anthropologists shared a common theoretical outlook with the founders of synthetic Darwinism, and to what degree they were committed to the racial ideas of the Third Reich.

The Temporal Tipping Point

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hermann, A. K.

2016-01-01

“Slow journalism” is a term anthropologist and sociologists sometimes use to describe their empirical work, ethnography. To journalists and media observers, meanwhile, “slow journalism” signifies a newfound dedication to serious long-form journalism. Not surprisingly, thus, “ethnographic journalism......”—a genre where reporters adopt research strategies from social science—takes “slow” to the extreme. Immersing themselves in communities for weeks, months and years, ethnographic journalists seek to gain what anthropologists call “the native's point of view”. Based on in-depth interviews with practitioners...... and analyses of their journalistic works, this paper offers a study of ethnographic journalism suggesting that slow time operates in at least three separate registers. First, in terms of regimentation, ethnographic journalism is mostly long-form pieces that demand time-consuming research and careful writing...

On call Ethnography, Situational Ethics and Shared Vulnerability

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Anja Marie Bornø

of practicing anthropology in the presence of sudden tragic deaths. Observing organ donation practices and family conversations on organ donation entails 3 being available 24/7 ready to travel to the hospital whenever such cases happen. The unpredictability of such research endeavors challenges the boundaries...... between work and private life for the anthropologist but simultaneously provides insight in the working conditions of donation professionals. Participant observation during organ donation conversations also necessitates sincere ethical considerations since the true agenda of the observing anthropologist...... could not be revealed to families still hoping for the survival of their loved one. The paper will discuss how to navigate such difficult ethical terrains using your informants, in this case doctors, nurses and donor families as advisors. Inspired by these premises for researching death regarding organ...

Intraocular live male filarial Loa loa worm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Omgbwa Eballe

2009-02-01

Full Text Available André Omgbwa Eballe1, Emillienne Epée2, Godefroy Koki2, Didier Owono2, Côme Ebana Mvogo2, Assumpta Lucienne Bella21Gynaeco Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 2Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, CameroonAbstract: We report a case of Loa loa filariasis in an 8-month-old child who presented with a 3-month history of irritated acute red eye and insomnia. Examination revealed a living and active adult Loa loa worm in the anterior chamber of the left eye. The worm was extracted under general anesthetic.Keywords: Loa loa, red eye, Cameroon

Authorization procedure for the construction and operation of nuclear installations within the EC Member States, including supervision and control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaducci, Sandro; Didier, J.M.

1978-01-01

This report is an updating of the report EUR 5284, Authorization procedure for the construction and operation of nuclear installations within the EEC Member States, prepared in 1974 by J.M. Didier and Associates. Recent developments regarding the authorization procedure for the construction and operation of nuclear installations have taken place in Italy (introduction of a site approval procedure) and in Denmark (adoption of an overall legislation on the subject, however not yet in force). With respect to supervision and control of nuclear installations during construction and operation, competences of, as well as their exercise by, supervisory authorities in all EC Member States, with the exception of Ireland, are also analysed in the current study

Introduction: Ideologies of Youth

African Journals Online (AJOL)

seriane.camara

2011-12-01

Dec 1, 2011 ... target all age groups in their youth-oriented programmes. If the donor- ... van Dijk, de Bruijn, Cardoso, Butter: Introduction – Ideologies of Youth ...... Toward a Theory of Vital Conjunctures', American Anthropologist, vol. 104,.

MARTYRS OR TERRORISTS: SUICIDE BOMBING IN ISLAMIC ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Alfa

Most sociologists, anthropologists and scholars with backgrounds different from ... evidence that martyrdom or self-sacrifice operation is not alien to Islam but, the ... defines terrorism as ―the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to.

A Case Study of Two Computer Methods Used to Simulate Fires in Industrial Facilities

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Asselta, Christopher

1997-01-01

.... The arrangement of decaying organic matter may have been enough to generate a small fire. Conventional anthropologists argue that fire may have been first discovered in forest fires started by lightning, lava flows or other natural causes...

To understand Poland / Joanna Bar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Bar, Joanna

2003-01-01

Uurimustest Poola igapäevaelu kohta Nõukogude perioodil : Wedel, Janine. The private Poland : an anthropologist look at everyday life ; Dziğiel, Leszek. Paradise in a concrete cage : daily life in communist Poland. Krak̤w, 1998

Contribution of forensic anthropology to identification process in Croatia: examples of victims recovered in wells.

Science.gov (United States)

Slaus, Mario; Strinović, Davor; Petrovecki, Vedrana; Vyroubal, Vlasta

2007-08-01

To describe the contribution of forensic anthropology to the recovery, analysis, and identification of victims from the 1991-1995 war in Croatia recovered in wells. From 1996 to the present, human remains of a total of 61 individuals have been recovered from 13 wells. Six wells contained the remains of a single individual, one well contained the remains of 2 individuals, and 6 wells contained the remains 3 or more individuals. The majority of wells, containing 90.2% (55/61) of recovered individuals, were located within a 4 km radius of the Croatian-Serbian border. Forensic anthropologists re-individualized 26/61 (42.6%) individuals out of skeletonized and commingled remains, provided basic biological data on sex, age-at-death, and stature in all identifications (n=37), as well as established positive identification by recognizing unique skeletal features (antemortem fractures and skeletal evidence of antemortem surgical interventions) in 3/37 (8.1%) cases. Trauma analyses carried out by forensic anthropologists contributed to the determination of the cause of death in 38/61 (62.3%) individuals and to the probable cause of death in an additional 18/61 (29.5%) individuals. The most frequent (27/38, 71.0%) type of trauma causing death in individuals recovered from wells was a single gunshot wound. Forensic anthropologists, collaborating closely with forensic pathologists, forensic odontologists, forensic radiologists, criminologists, and molecular biologists contributed significantly to trauma analysis and identification of war victims recovered from wells.

Fire hazard notifications via Satellite, Twitter, Citizen Reports, and Android Apps

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Butgereit, L

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Humanity has had a long historical relationship with fire. According to anthropologists, the first humanoid species learned to use and control fire approximately two million years ago. Using fire and controlling fire, however, are dramatically...

75 FR 67998 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Western Michigan University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-04

... University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... objects in the possession of Western Michigan University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI. The... anthropologist in the Anthropology Department at Western Michigan University, studied the remains. Native...

Cable Television: Applied Anthropology in a New Town

Science.gov (United States)

Topper, Martin D.; Wilson, W. Leigh

1976-01-01

The anthropologist's role in using cable television as a tool of applied anthropology in a new town was examined. The project's purpose was to give a group of people a new usage for a communications medium. (Author/NQ)

INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINING THE LIFE OF THE POLIS.

Science.gov (United States)

Geissler, P Wenzel; Kelly, Ann H; Manton, John; Prince, Ruth J; Tousignant, Noémi

2013-11-01

How are publics of protection and care defined in African cities today? The effects of globalization and neo-liberal policies on urban space are well documented. From London to São Paulo, denationalization, privatization, offshoring and cuts in state expenditure are creating enclaves and exclusions, resulting in fragmented, stratified social geographies (see Caldeira 2000; Ong 2006; Harvey 2006; Murray 2011). 'Networked archipelagoes', islands connected by transnational circulations of capital, displace other spatial relations and imaginaries. Spaces of encompassment, especially, such as 'the nation' or simply 'society' as defined by inclusion within a whole, lose practical value and intellectual purchase as referents of citizenship (Gupta and Ferguson 2002; Ferguson 2005). In African cities, where humanitarian, experimental or market logics dominate the distribution of sanitation and healthcare, this fragmentation is particularly stark (see, for example, Redfield 2006, 2012; Fassin 2007; Bredeloup et al . 2008; Nguyen 2012). Privilege and crisis interrupt older contiguities, delineating spaces and times of exception. The 'public' of health is defined by survival or consumption, obscuring the human as bearer of civic rights and responsibilities, as inhabitants of 'objective' material worlds 'common to all of us' (Arendt 1958: 52). Is it possible, under these conditions, to enact and imagine public health as a project of citizens, animated in civic space?

Anthropology and Multiple Modernities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomassen, Bjørn

“modernities” over the last 10 years, this paper wishes to address the analytical usefulness of this conceptual development. What is it about these concepts that make them useful as we try to capture the World today? Rather than providing any substantial definitions as to what those modernities are about (or...... what they are not about), anthropologists have used ethnographies to demonstrate how modernities are lived and constructed differently in different cultural contexts. To a very large extent, anthropologists intend these multiple modernities to refer to the interplay between local and global...... configurations. However, if the current pluralizing of modernity ultimately serves to describe the variety of cultural forms that co-exist in the World today, the analytical value of the concept risks being watered down, and little is gained in perspective. Arguably, other concepts would have served the purpose...

The Business of Ethnography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moeran, Brian

not only on social behavior and human relations in general but, more specifically, on the importance of strategic exchange to all business practices. Moeran's fieldwork, rooted in participant-observation of business life in communities and corporations, leads him to an original theory of how business...... operates. Culture is not all-powerful, Moeran shows. Instead, social structures strongly influence behavior. At the heart of Moeran's analysis is a firm belief in fieldwork and ethnography - terms much bandied about in business, management and cultural studies, but rarely undertaken in depth. The Business......Can an anthropologist help us understand the world of business? Armed with this question, veteran anthropologist Brian Moeran embarks on an in-depth study of cultural production and creative industries in Japan. At once the blundering ethnographer and shrewd observer, Moeran is able to shed light...

No Underskirts in Africa: Edison Carneiro and the "Lineages" of Afro-Brazilian Religious Anthropology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yvonne Maggie

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The article presents the folklorist, essayist, journalist and anthropologist Edison Carneiro (1912-1972 and situates him among the “lineages” or intellectual affiliations in the context of studies on Afro-Brazilian religious groups. Describing the life of Edison Carneiro, his relationship with American anthropologist Ruth Landes and his participation in the folkloric movement, I look to situate Carneiro among the various intellectual trends found within the study of Afro-Brazilian religions. I argue that the author occupied an ambiguous position in terms of the African presence in the constitution of Afro-Brazilian religions, showing close proximities to Ruth Landes, Franklin Frazier, Ruth Benedict, Donald Pierson and Robert Park on the one hand, and Melville Herskovitz, Roger Bastide and Arthur Ramos on the other. Carneiro’s studies of Candomblé de Caboclo express this double bind.

75 FR 5105 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Western Michigan University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-01

... University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... objects in the possession of Western Michigan University, Anthropology Department, Kalamazoo, MI. The... analysis. Dr. Robert Sundick, a physical anthropologist in the Anthropology Department at Western Michigan...

76 FR 43710 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-21

... Washington; Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation, Washington; Puyallup Tribe of the... Port Madison Reservation, Washington; Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington... alternating dry and wet conditions. Based on 14 morphological characteristics, a physical anthropologist...

'Huts and Nuts' or 'Hearts and Minds?' -- Anthropologists and Operational Art

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Koszykowski, Myra D

2008-01-01

.... They may require more than the balancing of the traditional three factors of Operational Art: time-space-force. A fourth factor, called "information," which impacts and underlies the three others, may be emerging...

Reflections on the Future of Anthropology

Science.gov (United States)

Sosa, Richard

2009-01-01

In his plenary session entitled Five Questions on the Future, Harvard anthropologist Arthur Kleinman capitalized on the 2009 Society for Medical Anthropology Conference’s theme of Medical Anthropology at the Intersections to speculate on the future of the discipline. PMID:20027285

Pregnancy pragmatics unveiled: on bodies, bellies, and power in Cameroon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Sijpt, E.

2014-01-01

Over the last few decades, anthropologists interested in reproduction have increasingly focused on the relationship between women’s (limited) reproductive agency and (bio)political forces such as patriarchy, medicine, the state, and the global political economy. In their quest for understanding

Date estimates for major mitochondrial haplogroups in Yemen

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vyas, D. N.; Černý, Viktor; Al-Meeri, A.; Mulligan, C. J.

2012-01-01

Roč. 147, suppl. 54 (2012), s. 295 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American-Association of Physical Anthropologists /81./. 11.04.2012-14.04.2012, Portland] Institutional support: RVO:67985912 Keywords : archaeogenetics * Yemen Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Bayesian divergence dating of Yemeni mitochondrial haplogroups

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vyas, D. N.; Kitchen, A.; Černý, Viktor; Al-Meeri, A.; Mulligan, C. J.

2013-01-01

Roč. 150, suppl. 56 (2013), s. 281 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American-Association of Physical Anthropologists /82./. 09.04.2013-13.04.2013, Knoxville] Institutional support: RVO:67985912 Keywords : archaeogenetics * Yemen Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Mediascapes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuipers, G.; Ritzer, G.

2012-01-01

The term "mediascape" was coined by anthropologist Arjun Appadurai in his widely cited and anthologized article, "Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy" (1990; 1996). Mediascape denotes both "the distribution of the electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate information"

How to talk (and not to talk) about school shootings

OpenAIRE

Scheper-Hughes, N

2018-01-01

© RAI 2018 In this guest editorial, the author addresses the latest school shootings at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. This event is weighed up against reports written by prominent academics, including anthropologists, during previous school shootings.

Charming worms: crawling between natures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bertoni, F.

2012-01-01

Some anthropologists have argued that Euro-American culture is naturalist, anchored to the belief in a coherent, unitary universe in which natural laws operate. From a close ethnographic inspection, however, the allegedly naturalist sciences emerge as heterogeneous practices, engaging with complex

Women, worms and work: Implications of conservation management and declining biodiversity on subsistence practices and health of Aka populations in the Congo Basin

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Robinson, C. A. J.; Remis, M. J.; Petrželková, Klára Judita; Hůzová, Z.

2014-01-01

Roč. 153, S58 (2014), s. 154 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /83./. 08.04.2014-12.04.2014, Calgary] Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Subject RIV: FN - Epidemiology, Contagious Diseases ; Clinical Immunology

Partial briquetting of coal charges as a means of utilizing lower-grade coal for coke making

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pieters, B.J. (Iscor Limited, Newcastle (South Africa))

1991-08-01

The paper describes the difficulties experienced with inferior coking coals as Iscor began using larger blast furnaces for the production of liquid iron. Research conducted at Iscor from 1977 to 1979 showed that benefits could be gained from the use of partially briquetted charges, and it was decided to install briquetting plants at the Vanderbijlpark and Newcastle Works. Details are given of the latter plant, which was supplied by a consortium consisting of Voest Alpine, Didier Engineering, and Sumitomo Metal Industries. Sumitomo also supplied information on the optimization of coke quality along the lines of their Sumicoal System. The results have been a marked improvement in coke quality, much better blast-furnace operation, and increased productivity. 11 figs., 3 tabs.

Dem Bones: Forensic Resurrection of a Skeleton.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruce, Alease

2001-01-01

Presents an activity for students to determine the sex and age of an individual from a collection of bones. Simulates some of the actual procedures conducted in a forensic anthropologist's lab, examining and identifying bones through a series of lab activities. (Author/ASK)

Morality and personal experience: the moral conceptions of a Muscovite man

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zigon, J.

2009-01-01

Use of the concept of morality allows anthropologists to avoid the difficulties of their traditional concepts of culture, society, and power, and provides an intimate perspective on the everyday lives of subjects and interlocutors. Yet the very concept of morality remains undertheorized by

Testing theories about ethnic markers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Niels Holm; Petersen, Michael Bang; Høgh-Olesen, Henrik

2015-01-01

In recent years, evolutionary psychologists and anthropologists have debated whether ethnic markers have evolved to solve adaptive problems related to interpersonal coordination or to interpersonal cooperation. In the present study, we add to this debate by exploring how individuals living in a m...

An historical skull collection and its use in forensic odontology and anthropology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sejrsen, B; Lynnerup, N; Hejmadi, M

2005-01-01

The Institute of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen, houses a collection of historical skulls of unclear origin, marked with a general geographic or "racial descriptor". Would these historical skulls be of any value for the forensic odontologist and anthropologist concerned with teaching and casework?...

Landscape biography as research strategy: The case of the South Netherlands project

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Roymans, N.G.A.M.; Gerritsen, F.A.; Van der Heijden, C.; Bosma, J.E.; Kolen, J.C.A.

2009-01-01

This paper presents the outline of a biographical approach to landscape as developed in the Netherlands during the last 15 years by archaeologists, thereby integrating perspectives formulated by the social anthropologists Appadurai and Kopytoff and the cultural geographer Samuels. The result is a

A Historical Overview for the MX Base Expansion, Clovis, New Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-07-01

Bailey 1960-1981 L. R. Baxter 1952-1960 H. C. Delaney 1941-1952 Estelle Ruhlman 1913-1941 (Patentee) * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SW!: Richard M...pany, Portales. Collins, Michael B. 1971 A review of Llano Estacado arciaeology and ethnohistory. Plains Anthropologist 16(52):85. Crocchiola, F. Stanley

Diet-microbe co-metabolic interactions in wild primates reveal clues on human evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gomez, A. M.; Rothman, J. M.; Petrželková, Klára Judita; Yeoman, C. J.; Vlčková, K.; Umana, J. D.; Carr, M.; Modrý, D.; Tod, A.; Nelson, K.; Stumpf, R. M.; Wilson, B. A.; White, B. A.; Leigh, S. R.

2015-01-01

Roč. 156, č. 60 (2015), s. 149 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /84./. 25.03.2015-28.03.2015, St Louis] Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : wild primates * human evolution Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology

Individual and Group Aspects of Corporate Culture

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G.W.J. Hendrikse (George)

1993-01-01

textabstractThe study of organizations has been approached by anthropologists, sociologists, (social) psychologists and economists. The share of economics has been modest. This seems surprising because economists have developed a "theory of the firm", but this theory is rather silent about the

The Wolof of Saloum : social structure and rural development in Senegal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Venema, L.B.

1978-01-01

The study refers to the Wolof of Saloum, Senegal. Its aim was to examine which factors had induced change in rural stratification, co-operation and cohesion. Their significance for administration of rural development was studied. Views of historians and anthropologists are discussed.

The World According to Vogue: The role of culture(s) in international fashion magazines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kopnina, H.

2007-01-01

Anthropologists are known to work in contexts wider than academic settings, actively engaging with people from other disciplines and professions. The lecturers in the Fashion Institute where we presently work are challenged to integrate the practical knowledge and skills originating from the fashion

Antropologie tussen wetenschap en kunst : Essays over Clifford Geertz

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, Yme; Bakker, Jan Willem; Miedema, Jelle

1987-01-01

Clifford Geertz (*1926) is one of the most influential anthropologists of his generation. His most famous monographs and collection of essays are The Religion of Java, Agricultural Involution, Islam Observed, The Interpretation of Cultures, Local Knowledge, Negara: The Balinese Theatre State in

The role of forensic anthropology in the examination of the Daegu subway disaster (2003, Korea).

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Dae-Kyoon; Park, Kyung-Ho; Ko, Jeong-Sik; Kim, Yi-Suk; Chung, Nak-Eun; Ahn, Yong-Woo; Han, Seung-Ho

2009-05-01

Meticulous recovery of victims in the Daegu subway disaster was possible, because charred and fragmented victims were left in situ. Because bodies were piled one over another within the train, appropriate methodology during the recovery was critical to identifying the victims. The disaster area was thoroughly documented with notes, photographs, and schematic drawings of the various locations. The recovery team, comprising two medical examiners and one forensic anthropologist, decided when charred body parts and cremated bones were linked to the same individual based on the anatomy and forensic anthropological examination. Without these recovery procedures, it would not have been possible to efficiently harvest representative DNA sample from most of the victims' body parts. After the entire process of identification, 136 victims were positively identified, and six victims remained unidentified. This study supports the crucial role of forensic anthropologists in the recovery of victims, especially in fire scenes.

Seeing (and Doing) Conservation Through Cultural Lenses

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Richard B.; Russell, Diane; West, Paige; Brosius, J. Peter

2010-01-01

In this paper, we first discuss various vantage points gained through the authors’ experience of approaching conservation through a “cultural lens.” We then draw out more general concerns that many anthropologists hold with respect to conservation, summarizing and commenting on the work of the Conservation and Community Working Group within the Anthropology and Environment Section of the American Anthropological Association. Here we focus on both critiques and contributions the discipline of anthropology makes with regard to conservation, and show how anthropologists are moving beyond conservation critiques to engage actively with conservation practice and policy. We conclude with reflections on the possibilities for enhancing transdisciplinary dialogue and practice through reflexive questioning, the adoption of disciplinary humility, and the realization that “cross-border” collaboration among conservation scholars and practitioners can strengthen the political will necessary to stem the growing commoditization and ensuing degradation of the earth’s ecosystems.

Crossing boundaries to improve mental health in the Americas: international collaborative authorship.

Science.gov (United States)

Killion, Chery M

2007-01-01

A nurse anthropologist with a background in international collaborations attended Project LEAD for two years, which enabled her to continue to serve as an advocate for the mentally ill in Belize. The anthropologist collaborated with a psychiatrist from Belize to develop a cross-cultural, cross-discipline publication, "Mental Health in Belize: A National Priority, " which highlights the work of psychiatric nurse practitioners in the country. The researcher learned to collaborate with her peer in Belize through face to face discussions and e-mail and overcame technological difficulties and cultural barriers to produce an international publication. Project LEAD gave the author a sense of self-discovery and self-knowledge, reinforced core values, and developed a frame of reference for leadership. The author also benefited from discussions by local, national, and international leaders on leadership in terms of its key components, contexts, challenges, triumphs, and styles.

Changes in mobility patterns from the European Upper Paleolithic through Bronze Age as reflected in femoral and tibial cross-sectional geometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sládek, Vladimír; Holt, B. M.; Berner, M.; Ruff, C. B.

2005-01-01

Roč. 126, S40 (2005), s. 192 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /74./. 06.04.05-09.04.05, Milwaukee] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : anthropology Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

A Study of the Need for Cross-Cultural Capability Development in the Members of the United States Military

Science.gov (United States)

2006-06-16

past. According to cultural anthropologist Montgomery McFate, “Our ethnocentrism , biased assumptions and mirror-imagining have had negative outcomes...Center is staffed by experts in the field of culture and has accumulated volumes of culturally relevant information to assist Air Force members in

Socio-cultural dimensions to sharpen designer's cultural eyeglasses

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van Boeijen, A.G.C.

2013-01-01

This paper answers the question, how the dimensions that have been developed by anthropologists to typify cultures, can support designers in user-centred design processes. An analysis and evaluation of the use of cultural dimensions in design projects was performed. Although many of the dimensions

Dell H. Hymes: His Scholarship and Legacy in Anthropology and Education

Science.gov (United States)

Hornberger, Nancy H., Ed.

2011-01-01

Dell Hathaway Hymes, linguistic anthropologist and educational visionary extraordinaire, passed away in November 2009, leaving behind a voluminous scholarship and inspirational legacy in the study of language and inequality, ethnography, sociolinguistics, Native American ethnopoetics, and education. This essay provides a brief account of Hymes's…

Isaac Mazonde and Pradip Thomas, eds., . Dakar, CODESRIA, 2007 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ANBR

lectures of anthropologists be copyrighted, if these consist of belittling photographs of. Indigenous Knowledge ... humanity of those they have studied down? ... such copyrighted but problematic research does not seem to ... Examining the interface between IP law and indigenous knowledge, Kiggundu discusses the many ...

The Jan Breman Omnibus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Breman, J.

2008-01-01

This Omnibus brings together three classic works of the renowned sociologist and anthropologist, Jan Breman. It comprises Of Peasants, Migrants and Paupers (1985), Wage Hunters and Gatherers (1994), and The Labouring Poor in India (2003), reflecting his scholarship over a period of three decades.

Appreciating ontological struggles

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danholt, Peter

the world in the singular is taken for granted, but where each and every one of us may have different perspectives and understandings of the world. Latour following the work of Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro suggests the concept of multinaturalism. Multinaturalism in contrast...

An Anthropological View of the Change in Attitudes toward Mental Illnesses and Physical Handicaps.

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, John Alan

1983-01-01

Anthropologists contend that throughout man's history mental illness has been part of all cultures, and, universally, peoples had taxonomies that classified such maladies. Primitive peoples were better able to treat culturally-defined mental illnesses and could, consequently, accommodate behaviors which in Western cultures would require…

A Morphological Classification of Kiswahili | Choge | Kiswahili

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Many scholars have classified Kiswahili as a member of Niger-Congo family based on the genealogical classification of Bantu languages. This system determines languages genetic relatedness by use of lexicostatistics (Schadeber, 1986). For years, this classification system has guided linguists and anthropologists to ...

The athlete's body and the global condition: Tongan rugby players in Japan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Besnier, N.

2012-01-01

The mobility of rugby professionals from Tonga to Japan and points beyond poses new questions about the role of the body as a mediator between the subjective and the objective, which anthropologists and other social scientists have generally examined within the confines of specific societies.

Aesthetics of religious authority. Introduction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sunier, J.T.; de Witte, M.; de Koning, M.J.M.

2015-01-01

This special issue brings together anthropologists in the field of religion with the aim of exploring the aesthetic dimensions of authority in religious leadership.Taking aesthetics to refer to the range of sensory forms and experiences that shape the relation between religious practitioners and

De verklaringskracht van cultuur [The explanatory power of culture

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Graaf, N.D. de

2002-01-01

'Culture' is a popular concept for the explanation of various kinds of behavior in various contributions in the social sciences. Anthropologists and sociologists who use the holistic approach are particularly prone to stress the importance of culture. I argue that popular holistic explanations have

Moments of Teaching and Learning in a Children's Hospital: Affects, Textures, and Temporalities

Science.gov (United States)

Ehret, Christian

2018-01-01

Although nonrepresentational theory has enriched anthropologists' understanding of affect in social and cultural life, it has a short history in education research, where representational paradigms dominate. This article develops nonrepresentational theories of moments, temporal textures, and affective pedagogies in order to evoke affects of…

Socialité et co-operation dans l'oeuvre de Charles Goodwin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mondeme, Chloé

2016-01-01

As a linguistic anthropologist, Goodwin elaborates a conceptual and methodological framework to describe the organization of human activities and conducts. The central notion of « co-operation » accounts for what is at stake in ordinary conversation as well as in professional practices, cultural...

The Creation and Maintenance of a "Learning-Loving Minority" in Conventional High Schools: A Research-Based Response to John Ogbu

Science.gov (United States)

Matusov, Eugene; DePalma, Renee; Smith, Mark Philip

2010-01-01

This research focuses on the adaptation strategies of students from an innovative elementary school run as a community of learners who have been involuntarily "thrown into" competitive, credentialism-based high schools. We apply the anthropologist John Ogbu's comparative historico-ecological framework of "minority" to the innovative school…

Grid-group cultural theory: an introduction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mamadouh, V.

1999-01-01

This article offers an introduction to grid-group cultural theory (also known as grid-group analysis, Cultural Theory or theory of socio-cultural viability), an approach that has been developed over the past thirty years in the work of the British anthropologists Mary Douglas and Michael Thompson,

Contact and Connection: A Cross-Cultural Look at Parenting Styles in Bali and the United States

Science.gov (United States)

Kestenberg-Amighi, Janet

2004-01-01

This article argues that a culturally approved style of nonverbal parent-infant interaction influences the unfolding parent-child relationship and the child's social development. The author, an anthropologist, compares parenting styles in the "low-contact" culture of the United States with parenting in the "high-contact"…

[Review of: K.-S. Taussig Ordinary genomes: science, citizenship, and genetic identities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kato, M.

2010-01-01

Ordinary Genomes is an ethnography of clinical genetics practice in the Netherlands, written by US anthropologist Karen-Sue Taussig. By looking at the case of the Netherlands, this book aims to illuminate the way specific scientific knowledge - in this case genomics - which is generally presumed to

Working with Child Prostitutes in Thailand: Problems of Practice and Interpretation

Science.gov (United States)

Montgomery, Heather

2007-01-01

Conducting anthropological fieldwork on the emotive issue of child prostitution raises difficult issues for anthropologists and other researchers. This article examines the ethical dilemmas of working with these extremely vulnerable children, focusing on the difference between the researcher's own interpretations and those given by the children…

Moved by Mary: the power of pilgrimage in the modern world

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hermkens, A.K.; Jansen, W.H.M.; Notermans, C.D.

2009-01-01

The Virgin Mary continues to attract devotees to her images and shrines. In Moved by Mary, anthropologists, geographers and historians explore how people and groups around the world identify and join with Mary in their struggle against social injustice, and how others mobilize Mary to impose ideas

The Concept of Person in American Anthroplogy : The Cultural Perspective of Clifford Geertz

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, Yme; Kippenberg, Hans G.; Kuiper, Yme B.; Sanders, Andy F.

1990-01-01

The 'meanings-and-symbols' anthropologist Clifford Geertz wrote one of the most influential articles in anthropology: 'Religion as a Cultural System'. Some years later he published his collection of essays 'The Interpretation of Culture', that had a great impact on the humanities in the late 20th

Listening to Girls Talk about Their Bodies.

Science.gov (United States)

Nichter, Mimi

2000-01-01

This article, written by an anthropologist who has studied the culture of teenage girls, explores influences on their sense of self, including those of peers, parents, and the media. Educators and parents can play important roles in helping young people navigate successfully through adolescence. (Author/MKA)

From Fiction to Field Notes: Observing Ibo Culture in "Things Fall Apart."

Science.gov (United States)

Schur, Joan Brodsky

1997-01-01

Demonstrates how introducing students to African literature can appeal to their imaginations and encourage them to develop their insights into African culture. Outlines the procedures in a middle school class where the students are transformed into anthropologists as they read Chinua Achebe's, "Things Fall Apart." (MJP)

Historical Trends in Graduate Research and Training of Diplomates of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Bethard, Jonathan D

2017-01-01

The history of forensic anthropology has been documented by numerous scholars. These contributions have described the work of early pioneers in the field and have described important milestones, such as the founding of the Physical Anthropology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) in 1972 and the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA) in 1977. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the history of forensic anthropology by documenting the academic training of all individuals who have been granted diplomate status by the ABFA (n = 115). Doctoral dissertation titles were queried to discern broad patterns of research foci. A total of 39 doctoral granting institutions have trained diplomates and 77.3% of board-certified forensic anthropologists wrote dissertations involving skeletal biology, bioarchaeology, or forensic anthropology. Board-certified forensic anthropologists are a broadly trained group of professionals with far-reaching anthropological interests and expertise. © 2016 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Critical Anthropology of Global Health "takes a stand" statement: a critical medical anthropological approach to the U.S.'s Affordable Care Act.

Science.gov (United States)

Horton, Sarah; Abadía, Cesar; Mulligan, Jessica; Thompson, Jennifer Jo

2014-03-01

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010--the U.S.'s first major health care reform in over half a century-has sparked new debates in the United States about individual responsibility, the collective good, and the social contract. Although the ACA aims to reduce the number of the uninsured through the simultaneous expansion of the private insurance industry and government-funded Medicaid, critics charge it merely expands rather than reforms the existing fragmented and costly employer-based health care system. Focusing in particular on the ACA's individual mandate and its planned Medicaid expansion, this statement charts a course for ethnographic contributions to the on-the-ground impact of the ACA while showcasing ways critical medical anthropologists can join the debate. We conclude with ways that anthropologists may use critiques of the ACA as a platform from which to denaturalize assumptions of "cost" and "profit" that underpin the global spread of market-based medicine more broadly. © 2014 by the American Anthropological Association.

[The dialogues between anthropology and health: contributions to public policies].

Science.gov (United States)

Langdon, Esther Jean

2014-04-01

In order to examine the development of anthropological paradigms and their dialogue with medicine, I divide the discussion into two general, but non-exclusive, approaches: one that focuses on health and disease as social and cultural experience and construction, and another that examines health from an interactional and political perspective. For the first approach, I focus on North American and French theories that find resonance in the anthropological dialogue in Brazil. For the second political approach, the discussion originates in the dialogue among anthropologists in Latin America who have been developing models to contribute to an interdisciplinary approach necessary for health policies and intervention in health. The concepts of practices in self-care and intermedicality, among others, are explored due to their contribution in anthropology to public policies in health. These anthropologists have argued that health practices should be understood through the notions of autonomy, collectivity, agency and praxis, as opposed to the notions of the biomedical perspective characterized as being universalist, biological, individualist and a-historical.

'Between a rock and a hard place': applied anthropology and AIDS research on a commercial farm in Zambia.

Science.gov (United States)

Bond, V

1997-01-01

Fieldwork on a commercial farm in southern Zambia, which was aimed at designing an HIV prevention program for farm workers, gradually exposed the nature of sexual liaisons between young girls, coming to work on the farm from the surrounding villages, and older migrant men workers. Before completing fieldwork, the anthropologist voiced her concern about the implications of these liaisons for the spread of STDs and HIV with the local rural community, farm management and farm workers. The immediate outcome of her intercessions was the decision by management to sack under-age workers. Although some members of the local community, including local research assistants, and some managers and workers welcomed this decision, others were angered by it. Caught between interest groups and conflicting guidelines, the anthropologist, it is argued, was in a no-win situation, 'between a rock and a hard place'. The paper proposes that the application of anthropological ethics in AIDS research needs some re-evaluation.

"Monkeys, babies, idiots" and "primitives": nature-nurture debates and philanthropic foundation support for American anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s.

Science.gov (United States)

Biehn, Kersten Jacobson

2009-01-01

There has been a long discussion among historians about the impact that foundation policies had on the development of the social sciences during the interwar era. This discussion has centered on the degree to which foundation officers, particularly from the Rockefeller boards, exercised a hegemonic influence on research. In this essay, I argue that the field of American cultural anthropology has been neglected and must be reconsidered as a window into foundation intervention in nature-nurture debates. Despite foundation efforts to craft an anthropology policy that privileged hereditarian explanations, I contend that cultural anthropologists were committed to proving the primacy of "nurture," even when that commitment cost them valuable research dollars. It was this commitment that provided an essential bulwark for the discipline. Ironically, it was the need to negotiate with foundations about the purpose of their research that helped cultural anthropologists to articulate their unique, and thus intrinsically valuable, approach to nature-nurture debates.

Bilateral first rib anomalous articulations with pseudarthroses mimicking healing fractures in an infant with abusive head injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasquale-Styles, Melissa A; Crowder, Christian M; Fridie, Jeannette; Milla, Sarah S

2014-11-01

Bilateral symmetric bone nodules were observed in the anterolateral first ribs of an infant with shaking injuries at autopsy. The location prompted diagnostic considerations of healing fractures versus anomalous articulations with pseudarthroses. The forensic pathologist worked with forensic anthropologists and pediatric radiologists to evaluate autopsy findings and compare premortem and postmortem X-rays. Gross examination of the bones by the pathologist and anthropologists confirmed bilateral, callus-like bone nodules in first-rib locations associated with pseudarthroses. Histologic examination of one of the bones further showed features most consistent with pseudarthrosis, not a healing fracture. Radiologists then compared multiple premortem and postmortem radiographs that showed no remodeling of the bone over a 2-week interval between the time of injury and death, which would be unexpected for a healing fracture in an infant. This multidisciplinary approach resulted in the appropriate diagnosis of pseudarthroses due to anomalous articulations, an uncommon finding in forensic pathology. © 2014 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

The problem of “culture” in the process of intercultural understanding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andreana Marchi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n1p251 The problem of “culture” in the process of intercultural understanding is one of the most discussed issues among scholars today. Anthropologists, linguists, literary critics, and philosophers, just to name a few, study this issue in a problem-based and research format. Culture and cultural understanding are hereby presented by demonstrating studies and observations of two cultural anthropologists, R. H. Robbins and Clifford Geertz, a literary critic, Lionel Trilling, and C. S. Lewis, a famous writer of both fiction and non-fiction. My intention here is to answer the question: how to describe and analyze a culture that is so different from the perspective of our own? In this sense, language and discourse are also analyzed in this paper as part of culture and can indicate some of our own moral perspectives and judgments on others’ cultures.

Biological Discourses on Human Races and Scientific Racism in Brazil (1832-1911).

Science.gov (United States)

Arteaga, Juanma Sánchez

2017-05-01

This paper analyzes biological and scientific discourses about the racial composition of the Brazilian population, between 1832 and 1911. The first of these dates represents Darwin's first arrival in the South-American country during his voyage on H.M.S. Beagle. The study ends in 1911, with the celebration of the First universal Races congress in London, where the Brazilian physical anthropologist J.B. Lacerda predicted the complete extinction of black Brazilians by the year 2012. Contemporary European and North-American racial theories had a profound influence in Brazilian scientific debates on race and miscegenation. These debates also reflected a wider political and cultural concern, shared by most Brazilian scholars, about the future of the Nation. With few known exceptions, Brazilian evolutionists, medical doctors, physical anthropologists, and naturalists, considered that the racial composition of the population was a handicap to the commonly shared nationalistic goal of creating a modern and progressive Brazilian Republic.

Special dossier: new energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassin, Fabrice; His, Stephane; Le Lidec, Frederic; Paillard, Michel; Vandevoorde, Patrick; Huby, Jean; Soetaert, Emmanuel; Bertiere, Francois; Zwierski, Didier; Kuntz, Michel; Mallet, Pierre; Leboucher, Nathalie; Isikveren, Murat; Vacher, Romain

2012-01-01

This special dossier about renewable energies is made of 14 contributions dealing with: wind turbines against radars, legal constraints on wind farms location (Fabrice Cassin); the sea, an ocean of wind energy (Stephane His); marine energies, a promising sector (Frederic Le Lidec); Gamesa, an integrated actor of the wind power industry; the great future of renewable marine energies (Michel Paillard); focus on wind power (Patrick Vandevoorde); wind power, a new industrial adventure (Jean Huby); hydropower, a renewed modernity (Emmanuel Soetaert); the new needs of tomorrows' cities (Francois Bertiere); the control of power consumption, a huge market in progress (Didier Zwierski, Michel Kuntz); in the heart of the smart grids revolution (Pierre Mallet); the smart-city, an established reality (Nathalie Leboucher); imagining solutions for the environment (Murat Isikveren); energy: towards a smart consumption (Romain Vacher)

Interculturalism and Non-Formal Education in Brazil: A Buberian Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Guilherme, Alexandre; Morgan, W. J.; Freire, Ida

2012-01-01

Gilberto Freyre, the great Brazilian historian and sociologist, described Brazil as a "racial paradise", a place where different races and nationalities have come to live together in a sort of "racial democracy". The literature on this topic has become extensive as anthropologists, social scientists and historians felt the need…

Acquiring Cultural Perceptions during Study Abroad: The Influence of Youthful Associates

Science.gov (United States)

Meredith, R. Alan

2010-01-01

The interdependence of language and culture highlights the need to find methods for second language students to acquire cultural information and practices. This article reviews definitions of culture posited by anthropologists and language educators and discusses problems related to the recent paradigm shift from "small "c" and big…

Doing and living medical anthropology: personal reflections

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Park, R.; van der Geest, S.

2010-01-01

The essays in this volume consider what medical anthropology means in the academy and outside of it. Written by a diverse group of anthropologists, some of whom also work as doctors, public health workers, and NGO staff members, the essays share personal insights on how they used anthropology to

The West African sports official : an insider's view of sports administration

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beek, van W.E.A.

2013-01-01

Using my own experience as a sports administrator, I describe and analyse the organisational culture of West African sports. As a cultural anthropologist and draughts player, I have been President of the F‚d‚ration Mondiale du Jeu de Dames for eleven years, followed by four years as Executive

Religious Studies: The Shaping of a Field and a Guide to Reference Resources.

Science.gov (United States)

Lippy, Charles H.

1992-01-01

Discusses the development of religious studies as an academic discipline. Examines the work of leading thinkers in the field, including anthropologists Sir James Fraser and Edward Burnett Taylor, sociologist Max Weber, and psychologist Erik Erikson. Identifies some of the many reference works that deal with religious studies. (SG)

Journey to the 'New Normal' and Beyond: Reflections on Learning in a Community of Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Watson-Gegeo, Karen Ann

2005-01-01

Through poetry and strips of narrative, this paper discusses the embodied experience of chemical sensitivity and the anthropologist author's and other patients' journey through altered perception towards knowledge, community and transformation in the context of a medical clinic. The narratives are situated in several strands of relevant theory,…

A Texel fishing lineage: the social dynamic and economic logic of family firms

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Ginkel, R.

2014-01-01

In the 1970s and early 1980s, several maritime anthropologists and sociologists pointed out that for a number of economic, social and psychological reasons, the performance of commercial fishing firms based on kin-based capital and labour was highly adaptive. For this reason, most crews in the North

Some applications of multivariate statistics to physical anthropology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Vark, GN

This paper presents some of the results of the cooperation between the author, a physical anthropologist, and Willem Schaafsma. The subjects of study to be discussed in this paper all refer to human evolution, in particular to the process of hominisation. It is described how the interest of the

Introduction: Life Space and Burial Space in the Post-Apartheid City ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Landscapes of the dead are always, simultaneously, landscapes of the living. It is this coterminousness of life and death that gives the burial site its salience and emotional power. Different societies, at different times, renegotiate the relationship between what anthropologists call 'life space\\' and 'burial space\\', depending on ...

Over geschiedenis en antropologie : Een inleiding

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, Yme; Borghuis, M. G.M.; Kuiper, Y.B.; Papousek, D.A.

1980-01-01

Already in the 1950s the British anthropologist Evans-Pritchard saw anthropology as being closer to history than to the natural sciences. Since the 1970s the rapprochement between history and anthropology became evident, especially in the UK, USA and France. How about the Netherlands? Here the works

Search Results | Page 813 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 8121 - 8130 of 8491 ... The author, Hamadou Konate is a native of Mali and a philosopher and medical anthropologist. He has participated in numerous studies (often as research director) on ... On Solid Ground: Science, Technology, and Integrated Land ... Human Security and Mutual Vulnerability: The Global Political ...

Information Needs and Bibliographic Problems of the Anthropology Departments at U. N. C. and Duke University.

Science.gov (United States)

Spurling, Norman Kent

Research was conducted on information needs and bibliographic problems of anthropologists at Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Sixty-four faculty members and graduate students were surveyed, and twenty faculty members were interviewed. Many areas of information retrieval problems and the different ways…

Helping Preservice Teachers (PSTs) Understand the Realities of Poverty: Innovative Curriculum Modules

Science.gov (United States)

Cho, Moon-Heum; Convertino, Christina; Khourey-Bowers, Claudia

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop an innovative addition to the curriculum to help preservice teachers cultivate an understanding of poverty. Using technology, an interdisciplinary team created two online learning modules entitled Teacher as Learning Facilitator and Teacher as Anthropologist. Preservice teachers valued the newly developed…

The Scramble for Soutpansberg? The Boers and the partition of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The motivations and causes are ... Two other social scientists focusing on the lIananwa, are anthropologist. Johnny van Schalkwyk .... the Kruger Government was not unique to the experience of their contemporaries elsewhere .... surprisingly, a stronger share in and control over trade in the area dominated by Nana. In this.

'Philosophy and Tradition in Africa': Critical Reflections on the Power ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This work examines how the discourse of naming, specifically terms selected, stipulatively defined and applied by Western colonialists and early Western anthropologists, continue to sustain ambivalent attitudes towards the African heritage. It analyses the way in which the popular term and prefix 'traditional' is used in Africa ...

Magic among the Trobrianders

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Jesper

2008-01-01

to a classic area of research on magic, namely the Trobriand garden magic, as described by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski. In the conclusion, results from this analysis will be related to long-standing problems and theoretical positions in the study of magic outlined in the introduction to the paper....

The Anthropology of Potentiality in Biomedicine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taussig, Karen-Sue; Hoeyer, Klaus; Helmreich, Stefan

2013-01-01

with potential. We suggest that anthropologists of the life sciences and biomedicine should work reflexively with the concept of potentiality and the politics of its naming and framing. We lay out a set of propositions and emphasize the moral aspects of claims about potentiality as well as the productivity...

Mesa Verde: A Study of Man in an Agricultural Setting. Library Packet.

Science.gov (United States)

Community Health Service (DHEW/PHS), Bethesda, MD.

This collection of secondary readings contains general information about the ecology of living space, and specific information about the prehistory ecology of Mesa Verde, Colorado. There is also a section on how anthropologists use trees to date artifacts. A related document is indexed as ED 001 721. (AWW)

Motivations of North American Indians in Athletic Games.

Science.gov (United States)

Pesavento, Wilma J.

This is a report on the motives of North American Indians in holding their athletic games. Data were researched from "Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology" published between 1881 and 1933. Anthropologists, artifact collectors, artist-writers, and historians provided primary evidential sources for athletic game motivation.…

Bio-elements in ethno-healing practices among tribes of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper is based on the anthropological investigation into ethno-healing practices among two tribes, namely Gond and Halba, in six forest villages of the Kanker district, Chhattisgarh, India. A team of two social anthropologists and one ethnobotanist camped in these villages for three months and conducted the ...

'Shakespeare in the bush' and encountering the other in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

'Shakespeare in the bush' and encountering the other in the hermeneutical dialectic of belonging and distanciation 'Shakespeare in the Bush' is an account of an anthropologist's hermeneutical experience among the Tiv people of Nigeria that serves as an illustration o f a hermeneutical circle which results in transforming ...

The liminality of new foundation phase teachers: Transitioning from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper explores novice foundation phase teachers' descriptions of their experiences in the liminal stage between being a student teacher and entering the professional world of the early grade classroom. The term “liminality” was popularised by anthropologist Turner (1969), building on the early work of Van Gennep ...

Morphological optimization of female combat sports athletes as seen by the anthropologists

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burdukiewicz Anna

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Body build and proportions are key determinants of athletic success. The effects of the athlete selection process and discipline-specific training are differentiated body dimensions. The aim of the study was to examine the physical characteristics of female combat athletes. The results of anthropometric measurements of 154 females aged 21.2±1.79 years competing in judo, jiu-jitsu, karate, taekwondo, and fencing for 7.5±3.43 years.

Hmong and Lao Refugee Women: Reflections of a Hmong-American Woman Anthropologist

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dia Cha

2006-01-01

Full Text Available In 1992, Ms. Dia Cha – then a graduate student in anthropology at Northern Arizona University – traveled to Chieng Kham Refugee and Napho Repatriation Camps in Thailand, and the village of Ban KM 52, inVientiane Province, Laos, to research issues concerning the repatriation to Laos of Lao Lum and Hmong women refugees. This article, originally written upon the return from these travels and in partial fulfillment of the requirements for her Master of Arts degree in Applied Anthropology, considers the findings made and the insights achieved on this journey of discovery. In particular, the work discusses changes and continuity in the lives of Lao Lum and Hmong refugee women in the camps. Also addressed in considerable detail is the impact of the author’s status as an educated Hmong-American woman and former refugee on her interactions with female and male informants residing in the two refugee camps. Ms. Cha, who spent much of her early life in such refugee camps as are herein described, has, in the intervening period, become Dr. Dia Cha, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies at St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA. The research project she describes was funded by the United Nations Development Fund for Women and executed by the American Friends Service Committee (The Quaker Services. Ms. Jacquelyn Chagnon joined Ms. Cha during the second phrase ofthe research, in Napho Repatriation Center, and later in Laos; however, the following article, produced originally in 1992, was written solely by Ms. Cha.

Participation, representation, and shared experiences of women scholars in biological anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Trudy R; Bernstein, Robin M; Taylor, Andrea B; Asangba, Abigail; Bekelman, Traci; Cramer, Jennifer Danzy; Elton, Sarah; Harvati, Katarina; Williams-Hatala, Erin Marie; Kauffman, Laurie; Middleton, Emily; Richtsmeier, Joan; Szathmáry, Emőke; Torres-Rouff, Christina; Thayer, Zaneta; Villaseñor, Amelia; Vogel, Erin

2018-01-01

American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 revealed significant gender disparities in academic status. A 2014 follow-up survey showed that gender equality had improved, particularly with respect to the number of women in tenure-stream positions. However, although women comprised 70% of AAPA membership at that time, the percentage of women full professors remained low. Here, we continue to consider the status of women in biological anthropology by examining the representation of women through a quantitative analysis of their participation in annual meetings of the AAPA during the past 20 years. We also review the programmatic goals of the AAPA Committee on Diversity Women's Initiative (COD-WIN) and provide survey results of women who participated in COD-WIN professional development workshops. Finally, we examine the diversity of women's career paths through the personal narratives of 14 women biological anthropologists spanning all ranks from graduate student to Professor Emeritus. We find that over the past 20 years, the percentage of women first authors of invited symposia talks has increased, particularly in the sub-disciplines of bioarchaeology, genetics, and paleoanthropology. The percentage of women first authors on contributed talks and posters has also increased. However, these observed increases are still lower than expected given the percentage of graduate student women and women at the rank of assistant and associate professor. The personal narratives highlight first-hand the impact of mentoring on career trajectory, the challenges of achieving work-life satisfaction, and resilience in the face of the unexpected. We end with some suggestions for how to continue to improve equality and equity for women in biological anthropology. © 2018 American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

El compromiso profético de los antropólogos sociales argentinos, 1960-1976

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Guber

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Norbert Elias señalaba que calificar a las investigaciones según su grado de compromiso o distanciamiento de los objetos de estudio, es parte de los valores en tanto juicios prácticos que los intelectuales empleamos en el desarrollo de nuestra actividad. La profusa invocación al compromiso en la antropología latinoamerican, habla de lo que quienes lo invocan desean hacer con sus antropologías, y también de cómo este ideal nos ha modelado a los antropólogos. En este artículo muestro las formas y razones antropológicas y específicamente argentinas por las cuales la "antropología social" y el "compromiso" se constituyeron recíprocamente en el sentido común de nuestra subdisciplina en la Argentina. un doble posicionamiento-político-universitario y epistemológico-de un sector de los antropólogos argentinos que caracterizaré como profético.According to Norbert Elias, to qualify research according to its degree of commitment to, or detachment from its objects, is a practical value that intellectuals use in pursuing their job. Current references to commitment (compromiso by Latin American anthropologists, talk about those colleagues' perspectives on anthropology, and also about the ways in which such a notion has modeled them as anthropologists. Here I examine how and why Argentine anthropologists have made of "social anthropology" and "commitment" the backbone of their discipline in Argentina, both in university politics and in academic work in the 60-70s. I also suggest that anthropological debates on prophets and prophetism may cast some light upon this process.

Cultivating Peace

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

All inks and coatings are vegetable-based products. .... Four concept papers draw the case stories together around particular themes: culture, society, ..... More generally, socially organized groups that play a role in EP may comprise kinship units, ..... Anthropologist: It means that the Nuba identity lies in a web of negotiated ...

Witchcraft

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Geschiere, P.; Wright, J.D.

2015-01-01

Till far into the twentieth century two nodal points in the study of witchcraft stood out: the work by historians on witch trials in early modern Europe, and anthropologists' studies of its role in local tensions in Africa and Melanesia. The differences between the two settings were so glaring that

Locomotory Apparatus and Health Status of the Early medieval population in Great Moravia (the Czech Republic)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Velemínský, P.; Stránská, Petra; Dobisíková, M.; Zikán, V.; Likovský, Jakub; Zítková, J.; Žaloudková, M.; Fialová, L.; Stloukal, M.; Poláček, L.

2005-01-01

Roč. 126, č. 40 (2005), s. 112-113 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologist. 06.04.05-09.04.05, Milwaukee] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : early medieval Slavonic population * ontogenesis * sexual dimorphism Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology , Ethnology

Gender Bias in Women

Science.gov (United States)

Bynum, Gregory Lewis

2014-01-01

The philosophical anthropologist Dorothy Dinnerstein, in her 1976 work "The Mermaid and the Minotaur: Sexual Arrangements and Human Malaise," argued that in order for us to address the excesses of male-dominated rule in society (militarism, rapacious consumerism), we must attack the root cause of patriarchy--women's domination of early…

Body Language in the Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Patrick W.

2005-01-01

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Mae West would seem to have little in common, but there is one thing they both understood--the importance of body language. Educators, psychologists, anthropologists and sociologists define body language or nonverbal communication as communication without words. It includes overt behaviors such as facial expressions, eye…

On Teaching Ethnographic Film

Science.gov (United States)

Clarfield, Geoffrey

2013-01-01

The author of this article, a developmental anthropologist, illustrates how the instructor can use ethnographic films to enhance the study of anthropology and override notions about the scope and efficacy of Western intervention in the Third World, provided the instructor places such films in their proper historical and cultural context. He…

Innocent Onyewuenyi's

African Journals Online (AJOL)

JONATHAN

In the final analysis the paper promotes ... studying in Europe or America at the time based their projects and researches on this ... from reading the works of Western anthropologists, ethnologists and .... illustrations, beginning with Pythagoras of Samos who lived in the 4th Century B.C ..... issues” (HOUNTONDJI 1966, xviii).

Anthropology for the Classroom. The Social Science Teacher; Volume 3 Number 1, 1973.

Science.gov (United States)

Townley, Charles, Ed.

This report of a conference attended by teachers and anthropologists concerns itself with the desirability and practicalities of teaching anthropology at the elementary and secondary levels in Britain. The papers reflect the varied objectives of a group trying to introduce a new element into school curricula. The president of the Royal…

The Indian Liberation and Social Rights Movement in Kollasuyu (Bolivia). IWGIA Document 30.

Science.gov (United States)

Apaza, Julio Tumiri, Ed.

For some time the Aymara and Quechua Indians have been adopting resolutions and submitting them to the relevant authorities. Compiled by the Centro de Coordinacion y Promocion Campesina "Mink'A" for consideration by the "First Meeting of Anthropologists in the Andean Region" held in September 1975, this document gives a general…

Duch is dead. [Review of: Laban Hinton Man or Monster? The Trial of a Khmer Rouge Torturer.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bouwknegt, Thijs Bastiaan

2017-01-01

In his stimulating new book, the psychological anthropologist Alexander Laban Hinton chronicles the trial against the confessant Cambodian tormenter Kaing Guek Eav (f.k.a. Comrade Duch). In exploring Kaing Guek Eav’s state of mind, the book provokes the reader to think about why we feel the need to

Ethnography by Design: On Goals and Mediating Artefacts

Science.gov (United States)

Segelström, Fabian; Holmlid, Stefan

2015-01-01

Design ethnography is the appropriation of ethnography for the purposes of informing design. This paper investigates the effects of these appropriations, through a comparative study of how designers and anthropologists approach the same field site and by a review of new techniques introduced by designers to do ethnography. The techniques reviewed…

Columbia University's Franz Boas: He Led the Undoing of Scientific Racism.

Science.gov (United States)

Baker, Lee D.

1999-01-01

As early as 1887, the anthropologist Franz Boas began to combat scientific racism and the insistence that blacks were of lower intelligence than whites. Throughout his career, Boas guided anthropology to a consensus that people of color were not racially inferior and that they possessed unique and historically specific cultures. (SLD)

Color in the Classroom: How American Schools Taught Race, 1900-1954

Science.gov (United States)

Burkholder, Zoe

2011-01-01

Between the turn of the twentieth century and the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision in 1954, the way that American schools taught about "race" changed dramatically. This transformation was engineered by the nation's most prominent anthropologists, including Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead, during World War II.…

African-American Soul Force: Dance, Music and Vera Mae Green.

Science.gov (United States)

Bolles, A. Lynn

1986-01-01

The Black anthropologist, Vera Mae Green, is featured in this analysis of the concept of soul as applied to African-Americans. Music and dance are used to express soul in cultural context. But soul is also a force, an energy which encompasses the Black experience and makes Black culture persevere. (VM)

Conflict and the Common Good. Studies in Third World Societies, Publication Number Twenty-Four.

Science.gov (United States)

Merrill, Robert S., Ed.; Willner, Dorothy, Ed.

The fundamental theme of these papers is what constitutes the common good and the issues and problems related to the understanding of that common good. Several anthropologists and a political scientist explore this theme in various geographic settings and from many theoretical and methodological perspectives. Among the countries and cultures…

The Flagbearers: Israeli Druze Women Challenge Traditional Gender Roles

Science.gov (United States)

Weiner-Levy, Naomi

2006-01-01

This ethnographic study expands educational anthropologists' knowledge of the relationship between higher education and personal and social change in so-called traditional societies. It describes transitions in the status of Druze women in Israel brought about by the first women from the community to obtain higher education, granting new insights…

William Golding's Iconoclastic Views about the Neanderthal Man in "The Inheritors"

Science.gov (United States)

Youssef, Sayed Mohammed

2016-01-01

William Golding has been identified as a nonconformist whose opinions always go contrary to what is customarily accepted or established. This is shown in all his novels, more specifically "The Inheritors", in which he defies long established opinions held by anthropologists, historians, archaeologists as well as many others about the…

Maximizing farm-level uptake and diffusion of biological control innovations in today’s digital era

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wyckhuys, Kris A.G.; Bentley, Jeff W.; Lie, Rico; Nghiem, Le Thi Phuong; Fredrix, Marjon

2018-01-01

When anthropologists interviewed Honduran and Nepali smallholders in the mid-1990s, they were told that “Insects are a terrible mistake in God’s creation” and “There’s nothing that kills them, except for insecticides”. Even growers who maintained a close bond with nature were either entirely unaware

The Evolution from Generation to Post-XX

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Zhao

2011-01-01

Young people represent the future, and youth is an eternal topic. In the 1970s when the American anthropologist Margaret Mead published her famous work "Generation Gap," research on generations gained sudden popularity worldwide, and ever since the 1980s when "Generation Gap" was brought to China, research by scholars in this…

A burning problem: social dynamics of disaster risk reduction through wildfire mitigation

Science.gov (United States)

Susan Charnley; Melissa R. Poe; Alan A. Ager; Thomas A. Spies; Emily K. Platt; Keith A. Olsen

2015-01-01

Disasters result from hazards affecting vulnerable people. Most disasters research by anthropologists focuses on vulnerability; this article focuses on natural hazards. We use the case of wildfire mitigation on United States Forest Service lands in the northwestern United States to examine social, political, and economic variables at multiple scales that influence fire...

Mongolian Folktales.

Science.gov (United States)

Stuart, Kevin C., Comp.; Grimme, Holger K., Ed.

What Hans Christian Andersen and the Grimm brothers achieved by collecting stories from the common people that had been handed down orally from generation to generation is also achieved in this collection of folktales consisting of 45 fables and 65 tales and short stories. This publication, addressed to educators, anthropologists, and specialists…

The socio-rhetorical force of 'truth talk' and lies: The case of 1 John ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article canvassed Greek and Roman sources for discussions concerning truth talk and lies. It has investigated what social historians and/or anthropologists are saying about truth talking and lying and has developed a model that will examine the issue of truth and lying in socio-religious terms as defined by the ...

Nisaidie Nif Anye Mwenyewe, Pomogi Mne Eto Sdelat' Samomu: A Comparative Case Study of the Implementation of Montessori Pedagogy in the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation

Science.gov (United States)

Schnepf, Candy A.

2010-01-01

The system of education developed by Maria Montessori, noted Italian feminist, anthropologist and physician, is the single largest pedagogy in the world with over 22,000 public, private, parochial, and charter schools on six continents, enduring even as other teaching methods have waxed and waned. Despite its international diffusion and longevity,…

Handbook. Disaster Response Staff Officer’s Handbook: Observations, Insights, and Lessons

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-01

military specialists trained in foreign animal disease diagnosis, epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, entomology , pathology, and public health... Forensic dental pathology. • Forensic anthropology methods. 93 DISASTER RESPONSE • Processing. • Preparation. • Disposition of remains. DMORTs are...OPEO). Teams are composed of funeral directors, medical examiners, coroners, pathologists, forensic anthropologists, medical records technicians and

Embodiment, Meaning and the Anthropology of Religion | Pillay ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2001-09-11

Since the events of September 11, 2001, the role of religion in modern political life, and its implication with “terrorism”, has come under scrutiny. In particular, this discussion has relied on a distinction between Islam and a secular modern West. This article revisits an important debate between two eminent anthropologists of ...

Characterization of the gastrointestinal bacterial communities of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gomez, A.; Yeoman, C. J.; White, B. A.; Petrželková, Klára Judita; Todd, A.; Stumpf, R. M.; Nelson, K. E.; Torralba, M.; Gillis, M.; Wilson, B. A.; Leigh, S. R.

2013-01-01

Roč. 150, S56 (2013), s. 132-133 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American-Association of Physical Anthropologists /82./. 09.04.2013-13.04.2013, Knoxville] Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : bacteria * western lowland gorillas Subject RIV: EG - Zoology http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22247/pdf

Is an Inuit Literary History Possible?

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Keavy

2010-01-01

In 1921, the Greenlandic anthropologist Knud Rasmussen set out to travel twenty thousand miles by dog team across Inuit Nunaat--the Inuit homeland. During this three-year journey--the famous Fifth Thule Expedition--Rasmussen was struck by the similarities in the language and culture of Inuit communities across the entire Arctic. Considering the…

Feet, Footwork, Footwear, and "Being Alive" in the Modern School

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, Catherine

2018-01-01

This article considers the theoretical argument of anthropologist Tim Ingold, that the denial and subsequent encasement of bare feet in footwear was a critical characteristic of the development of modern societies, in exploring three aspects of feet, footwork, and footwear in the history of the modern school. First, the material conditions of feet…

Rescuing American Prehistory

Science.gov (United States)

Custred, Glynn

2005-01-01

Decency would suggest that people should be allowed to bury their own dead. But, with the help of a climate of racial intimidation, modern Indian tribes, backed by the federal government, asserted exclusive ownership of everything before Columbus. Glynn Custred remembers a stalwart anthropologist who cried foul and preserved the knowledge of our…

Language and Culture: Nigerian Perspective | Obiegbu | African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The power of language to reflect culture and influence thinking was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir (1884-1939) and his student, Benjamin Whorf (1897-1941). The Saphir-Whorf hypothesis stated that the way we think and view the world is determined by our language. This theory ...

Native American Ceremonial Athletic Games.

Science.gov (United States)

Pesavento, Wilma J.

This is a report on the relationship of North American Indian athletic games to ceremonies. Data for this investigation were researched from 48 "Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution" published from 1881 to 1933, and the 84 volumes of the "American Anthropologist" published from 1888 to 1974. Observational…

Language Death: A Freirean Solution in the Heart of the Amazon

Science.gov (United States)

Guilherme, Alex

2013-01-01

"Language death" is an undeniable phenomenon of our modern times as languages have started to disappear at an alarming rate. This has led linguists, anthropologists, philosophers and educationists to engage with this issue at various levels in an attempt to try to understand the decline in this rich area of human communication and…

Lexical Retention and Cultural Significance in Tzeltal-Tzotzil Comparative Ethnobotany. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 29.

Science.gov (United States)

Berlin, Brent; And Others

Attempts have been made by linguists and anthropologists to reconstruct aspects of culture history by using synchronically derived lexical data. Related to this concern with culture history is one which attempts to explore the diachronic processes of lexical change over time. As a result of a comparative survey of Tzeltal and Tzotzil…

More than add women and stir

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjær, Katrine Meldgaard; Leer, Jonatan

2015-01-01

Food studies and the study of food and gender have been particularly strong scholarly currents in the US. Here, anthropologist Carole Counihan was one of the first scholars to work with the food-gender intersection. Over the past four decades, she has continued to work with the area in an array o...

Les temps de l’archivage de terrain. Les documents intermédiaires, du papier à l’ordinateur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georges Augustins

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Les temps de l’archivage de terrain. Les documents intermédiaires, du papier à l’ordinateur. La revisite de terrains ethnologiques passés fournit l’occasion de faire le point sur les méthodes employées et leur évolution entre deux moments de la recherche. Elle permet également le passage et la continuité des travaux d’un ethnologue vers un autre. Nous traiterons ces deux angles au travers d’une expérience concrète réalisée sur les travaux ethnologiques des Baronnies de Bigorre. Outre les présentations des deux enquêtes de terrain, la première effectuée de 1974 à 1976 et la seconde fin 2005/début 2006, nous interrogerons les différences dans la pratique ethnographique et les raisons du changement, puis nous nous poserons la question de l’utilisation des documents intermédiaires du premier ethnologue par le second.The times of archiving the fieldwork. Intermediary documents, from paper to computer. Revisiting areas studied by anthropologists in the past provides an opportunity to take stock of the methods used and how they have evolved between two periods of research. It also enables work to continue and be passed from one anthropologist to another. We shall look at both these angles using an actual experiment carried out on the ethnological work in the Baronnies de Bigorre region. As well as presenting both of the field surveys, the first carried out from 1974 to 1976 and the second from the end of 2005 into early 2006, we shall be examining the differences in ethnological practices and the reasons behind these changes, and then looking at how the second anthropologist has made use of the first anthropologist’s intermediary documents.

Marcelijaus Martinaičio poezijos antropologiškumas | Anthropological poetry of Marcelijus Martinaitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akvilė Rėklaitytė

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Artists, philosophers, and cultural anthropologists claim that a human being is defined by the innate ability and aptitude to represent the world and oneself symbolically; this opens up an exclusive possibility of self-reflection, perception of the world, and creation of meanings. Clifford Geertz draws attention to the fact how a human being himself explicates and comments his culture – a net of meanings and their relationships spun by himself, where, as if suspended in a web, a man lives, speaks, bleeds, wages wars, loves, jokes, and creates poems. The method of the interpretation of culture “thick description” by Geertz “is focused not on the recording of external parameters, but namely on that far more sophisticated net of relationships of meanings and perceptive structures upon the grasping whereof one could approximate to the “essence” – i.e. a system of meanings, world outlook, and culture of the other. This article analyses the creation of Marcelijus Martinaitis, a narrator, one of the most famous Lithuanian poets of the “outgoing generation”, descendant and successor of the declining ethnic community culture, increasingly distancing from the experience of a modern man in terms of cross-disciplinary literature anthropology. Also, a model of experimental anthropology, the so-called anthropological poetics that has not yet been discussed in Lithuanian, is presented. It treats poetry as an interpretation of ambivalent, complicated experience of an anthropologist. The article states that he is a peculiar cultural anthropologist, a witness, an intermediary of experience, whereas his poetry acts as Geertz’s “thick description”. Essayistic works of Martinaitis are read as an articulation of his ethnographic self-creation covering personality formation, testimony, and transfer of cultural meanings.

Culture in Animals: The Case of a Non-human Primate Culture of Low Aggression and High Affiliation

Science.gov (United States)

Sapolsky, Robert M.

2006-01-01

Philosophers often consider what it is that makes individuals human. For biologists considering the same, the answer is often framed in the context of what are the key differences between humans and other animals. One vestige of human uniqueness still often cited by anthropologists is culture. However, this notion has been challenged in recent…

Language: a social mirror

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

梁钰

2015-01-01

<正>Language and gender studies have experienced a long history in the field of linguistics.Sociolinguists did various kinds of research concerning gender-differentiated use of language.The differences between man’s and woman’s language has long been noticed by anthropologists,historians and linguistics.Then there gradually emerged great gap between male and

Anthropology and environmental policy: What counts?

Science.gov (United States)

Susan Charnley; William H. Durham

2010-01-01

In this article, we call for enhanced quantitative and environmental analysis in the work of environmental anthropologists who wish to influence policy. Using a database of 77 leading monographs published between 1967 and 2006, 147 articles by the same authors, and a separate sample of 137 articles from the journal Human Organization, we document a...

Participatory Innovation in SMEs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buur, Jacob; de Lille, Christine

2010-01-01

(SME) fare in this respect? Some literature is known in this context, Heiskanen et al. (2007) provide many insights on working with SMEs, especially on technology oriented SMEs. De Lille et al. (2009) gives an overview of problems designers experience when conducting user studies. Asboe (2009) provides...... an anthropologists perspective on user studies within SMEs....

Ethics or Morals: Understanding Students' Values Related to Genetic Tests on Humans

Science.gov (United States)

Lindahl, Mats Gunnar

2009-01-01

To make meaning of scientific knowledge in such a way that concepts and values of the life-world are not threatened is difficult for students and laymen. Ethics and morals pertaining to the use of genetic tests for hereditary diseases have been investigated and discussed by educators, anthropologists, medical doctors and philosophers giving, at…

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

to date of Malawi orature, follows this new trend in a welcome and refreshing manner. Land of Fire is the work of two distinguished scholars who have worked in Malawi for a long time: Dr. Schof feleers, a social anthropologist, now. Professor of Religious Anthropology at the Free University of Amsterdam, and Dr. Roscoe, ...

Terrorism in Native America: Interrogating the Past, Examining the Present, and Constructing a Liberatory Future.

Science.gov (United States)

Haynes Writer, Jeanette

2002-01-01

Draws on critical race theory to examine the concept and practice of terrorism on Native Americans by the U.S. government, providing two examples of terrorism (the Sand Creek Massacre and the murder of Anna Mae Aquash). Asserts that educators and educational anthropologists must critically analyze issues of power and media portrayals of terrorism…

Report:L’INCONSCIO, IL TEMPO, IL SUONO. SU PSICOANALISI E MUSICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gardini, Michele

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The system of classical psychoanalysis, as built by Freud, grants almost no space to the phenomenon of sound and music. Indeed, many aspects of music, though not all, appear incompatible with his conception of the unconscious. Only slowly and painfully, through the reflection and the analytical and aesthetic categories worked out by figures such as Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, Daniel Stern, Didier Anzieu and Michel Imberty, music has finally found its rightful place in the vast map of psychoanalytic science. Many metapsychological categories first elaborated by Freud appear now, retrospectively, as limited on the one hand to the iconic and linguistic dimension, on the other to specifically pathological situations and finally, from the musical point of view, to the "new music", testimony of the world in “era of the technique” and subject of the masterly analysis by Theodor Adorno.

The role of EGFR-targeting strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dequanter D

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Didier Dequanter, Mohammad Shahla, Pascal Paulus, Philippe H LothaireDepartment of Surgery, CHU Charleroi (Hopital Andre Vésale, Montigny le Tilleul, BelgiumAbstract: With its targeted mechanism of action and synergistic activity with current treatment modalities, cetuximab is a potentially valuable treatment option for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck who have progressed on cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The use of cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy as definitive treatment for locoregionally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck is generally restricted to patients unfit to receive cisplatin-based chemoradiation, which is still considered the standard of care. The effect of this epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist occurs without any change in the pattern and the severity of toxicity usually associated with head and neck radiation.Keywords: cetuximab, SCCHN, radiotherapy

IMPACTS !

CERN Multimedia

2008-01-01

(Photo courtesy of Don Davis / NASA)The University of Geneva (UNIGE) and the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne (EPFL) are organising the 4th series of public lectures on astronomy, on the theme of "Impacts". The schedule is as follows: Il y a 100 ans : une explosion dans la Tunguska – Dr. Frédéric COURBIN, EPFL Les impacts sur Terre – Prof. Didier Queloz, UNIGE La fin des dinosaures – Dr. Stéphane Paltani, UNIGE Wednesday 7 May 2008, from 7.00 p.m. to 9.00 p.m. Auditoire CO1, EPFL, Ecublens Thursday 08 May 2008, from 7.00 p.m. to 9.00 p.m. Auditoire Rouiller, Uni-Dufour, Genève All 3 lectures will be givent each evening! Admission free Information: 022 379 22 00

The end of life, the ends of life: an anthropological view.

Science.gov (United States)

Varisco, Daniel Martin

2011-12-01

All known human societies have a worldview that deserves to be called religion; all religions must explain death. Anthropologists study the diversity of religious systems, present and past, in order to understand what is common to humanity. Rather than starting from the view of a particular revelation or set of doctrines, the anthropologist tries to step outside his or her own subjective worldview and identify patterns in the evolution of human thinking about the reality of physical death. Are humans the only animals that are conscious of death, or do we share sentiments observable in our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees? At what point in history did the concept of an afterlife, life in some spiritual sense after physical death, appear? Is the religious explanation of life and death a mere reflection of a communal social fact, as the sociologist Emil Durkheim suggested, or a shared psychological trait, as more recent scholars assert? Can and should the modern scientist make a definitive statement about the finality of death and human consciousness?

Study of some Anthropometric Parameters of Itsekiri and Okpe ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... knee height (49.82cm vs 47.05cm) and arm length (38.93cm vs36.63cm) than Okpes. Overall, sexual dimorphism was observed in the ethnic groups, with males showing higher values than females (p<0.05). This data is recommended to anthropologists, forensic experts' geneticists and medical practitioners who may find ...

Reflections on the Human Terrain System During the First 4 Years

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-01

contracted social science research and analysis capability in both Iraq and Afghanistan to conduct empirical qualitative and quantita- tive...contracted social science research and analysis capability in both Iraq and Afghanistan to conduct empirical qualitative and quantita- tive research to...problematic.29 All research products in the public domain (including ethnographies produced by academic anthropologists) are accessible by intelligence

The Middlemen of MACOS

Science.gov (United States)

Wolcott, Harry F.

2007-01-01

Prompted by a recent review in American Anthropologist, I interviewed two people who played central roles in the training and dissemination of MACOS, a social studies curriculum unit designed for the fifth grade during the era of intensive curriculum reform beginning in the sixties. The article briefly discusses both how MACOS came to be and what…

All Intimate Grammars Leak: Reflections on "Indian Languages in Unexpected Places"

Science.gov (United States)

Kroskrity, Paul V.

2011-01-01

In this discussion of a set of studies that fits the trope of "Indian Languages in Unexpected Places," I explore the obvious necessity of developing a relevant notion of linguistic "leakage" following a famous image from the writings of the linguistic anthropologist Edward Sapir. Though in its original use, the concept applied more to the order of…

Ethnography and Ethics: A Critique of Gregory Bateson (1904-1980)

Science.gov (United States)

Watras, Joseph

2010-01-01

This essay about the work of a famous anthropologist is an attempt to illuminate one way that researchers could apply their findings about the behavior of people in particular groups to ethical considerations of social relations. I argue that Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) is a good example because he applied a few seminal ideas to a wide range of…

Cholera ante portas – The re-emergence of cholera in Kinshasa after a ten-year hiatus

Science.gov (United States)

Bompangue, Didier; Vesenbeckh, Silvan Manuel; Giraudoux, Patrick; Castro, Marcia; Muyembe, Jean-Jacques; Kebela Ilunga, Benoît; Murray, Megan

2012-01-01

alert. Didier Bompangue and Silvan Vesenbeckh contributed equally to this work. *corresponding author: Silvan Vesenbeckh, Harvard School of Public Health (vesenbeckh@gmail.com) Didier Bompangue is Associate Professor in the Department of Microbiology (University of Kinshasa) and Epidemiologist in the DRC Ministry of Health. He was involved in the investigations of the described outbreak since February 2011. PMID:22453903

Social and economic structures and health status of the Early Medieval population from Greater Moravia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Velemínský, P.; Dobisíková, M.; Stránská, Petra; Trefný, P.; Likovský, Jakub

Suppl. 36, - (2003), s. 214-215 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /72./. 23.04.2003-26.04.2003, Tempe] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/99/1358 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z8002910 Keywords : 9th-10th century * socio-economic status * health status Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology , Ethnology

Anthropology & Philosophy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The present book is no ordinary anthology, but rather a workroom in which anthropologists and philosophers initiate a dialogue on trust and hope, two important topics for both fields of study. The book combines work between scholars from different universities in the U.S. and Denmark. Thus, besid......, therefore, also inspire others to work in the productive intersection between anthropology and philosophy....

John Rae (1813-93): explorer of the Canadian Arctic, the great pedestrian.

Science.gov (United States)

Loosmore, Brian

2009-11-01

Born and raised in the Orkney Islands, Dr John Rae joined the Hudson's Bay Company and rose to be Chief Factor. Unusually tough and intelligent, he explored much of northern Canada, mapping the north eastern shore and finding controversial evidence of the lost Franklin expedition of 1845. A talented botanist, geologist, anthropologist and cartographer, he was northern Canada's most distinguished explorer.

Entheseal changes: do they reflect socioeconomic status in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population? (Mikulčice, Czech Republic, 9th-10th century)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havelková, P.; Hladík, Marek; Velemínský, P.

147 S54, - (2012), s. 161-162 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /81./. 09.04.2012-14.04.2012, Portland] Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : Early Middle Ages * enthesopathies * factor analysis * grave goods * musculoskeletal stress markers * social status Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22033/pdf

About identities and struggles: interview with ana maría spadafora

OpenAIRE

Bossi, Jesica

2011-01-01

Anthropologist Ana María Spadafora describes the current situation of indigenous communities in Argentina. She explains the meaning of “being Indian” and how processes of ethnic re-emergence have taken place in Argentina and elsewhere in the continent. The articulation between Positive Law and indigenous world view, and the effects of globalization on ethnic minorities are some of the issues covered.

Clifford Geertz: A career

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bošković Aleksandar

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents some concepts of the recently deceased American anthropologist Clifford Geertz, putting them into the specific context of his rich and interesting career, influences that he had, as well as some reactions to his ideas. A particular attention is placed upon the concept of culture, as the key concept in the 20th century American anthropology.

Moments in Collaboration: Experiments in Concept Work

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsby, Trine Mygind; Stavrianakis, Anthony

2018-01-01

There is an increasing focus among anthropologists on the theme of collaboration with the people they work with and with other disciplines in the university space. Frequently justified in political terms of participation, there is often less attention paid to the conceptual work in and of collabo......There is an increasing focus among anthropologists on the theme of collaboration with the people they work with and with other disciplines in the university space. Frequently justified in political terms of participation, there is often less attention paid to the conceptual work...... in and of collaboration. In opposition to the attention given to the processes of exchange during fieldwork, there is rarely a description of the actual forms and practices created for such collective conceptual work and thinking-processes in extra-fieldwork situations. In this article, we report on an experiment...... in collaborative concept work at Berkeley known as ‘the Labinar'. We address a lacuna in the literature on collaboration by providing a description of how collective conceptual work can be given form and sustained with specific practices. We argue for understanding concepts as not only discursive but also as non...

[Anthropology engaged against Ebola (2014-2016): approaches, contributions and new questions].

Science.gov (United States)

Desclaux, Alice; Anoko, Julienne

2017-10-02

Anthropologists contributed to the response to the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in three ways : as Ebola experts, cultural mediators between populations and caregivers, and researchers. This article presents a preliminary review of approaches, contributions and related issues based on a literature review, case studies and debates. The anthropological research discussed in this article concerns four themes : epidemiological contexts of transmission ; cultural interpretation of illness and social responses ; social construction of stakeholders' experience ; critical analysis of public health interventions. In addition to insightful contributions, particularly regarding the socio-political contexts and their interfaces with global public health measures, anthropologists tested forms of communication to facilitate access of public health actors to their results. However, these heterogeneous forms of engagement raise a number of questions, especially when they reflect anthropological interpretations that exclude any critical or reflexive dimension, or when anthropology is considered to be similar to social intervention. Nevertheless, anthropological research provides a major contribution, which could be even greater if transnational networks set up by researchers to analyse the socio-political, economic and biocultural dimensions of emerging epidemics are supported in order to improve ?preparedness? for future health crises.

Culture, Urbanism and Changing Human Biology.

Science.gov (United States)

Schell, L M

2014-04-03

Anthropologists have long known that human activity driven by culture changes the environment. This is apparent in the archaeological record and through the study of the modern environment. Perhaps the largest change since the paleolithic era is the organization of human populations in cities. New environments can reshape human biology through evolution as shown by the evolution of the hominid lineage. Evolution is not the only process capable of reshaping our biology. Some changes in our human biology are adaptive and evolutionary while others are pathological. What changes in human biology may be wrought by the modern urban environment? One significant new change in the environment is the introduction of pollutants largely through urbanization. Pollutants can affect human biology in myriad ways. Evidence shows that human growth, reproduction, and cognitive functioning can be altered by some pollutants, and altered in different ways depending on the pollutant. Thus, pollutants have significance for human biologists and anthropologists generally. Further, they illustrate the bio-cultural interaction characterizing human change. Humans adapt by changing the environment, a cultural process, and then change biologically to adjust to that new environment. This ongoing, interactive process is a fundamental characteristic of human change over the millennia.

Commentary: a sociologist's view on community genetics

OpenAIRE

Raz, Aviad E.

2010-01-01

This commentary illustrates and discusses potential research directions for sociologists and anthropologists interested in the field of community genetics and its emerging networks of individuals genetically at risk. Community genetics—the application of medical genetics in community settings for the benefit of individuals—also involves social issues of lay-professional misunderstandings (and more recently also the different perspectives of various expert communities), stigmatization, discrim...

Puzzling Pairs from Pavlov: Mortuary Manipulation in the Mid Upper Paleolithic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Trinkaus, E.; Wojtal, P.; Wilczyński, J.; Sázelová, Sandra; Svoboda, Jiří

2017-01-01

Roč. 162, S64 (2017), s. 386 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /86./. 19.04.2017-22.04.2017, New Orleans] Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : human taphonomy * Mid Upper Paleolithic * Pavlov * Southern Moravia * Czech Republic Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Antropology, ethnology http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23210/pdf

Whither Anthropology without Nation-state? Interdisciplinarity, World Anthropologies and Commoditization of Knowledge

OpenAIRE

Pobłocki, Kacper

2009-01-01

Debates on `native anthropology', `anthropologies of the South', `peripheral anthropologies' and so forth have usually focused on colonialism as the main culprit of asymmetric relations between anthropological knowledges. By bringing the recent dispute between Western and `native' anthropologists of post-socialism into the `world anthropologies' debate, I seek to highlight those aspects of current epistemic inequalities that are not postcolonial in nature, but result from global commoditizati...

About Identities and Struggles: Interview with Ana María Spadafora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesica Bossi

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Anthropologist Ana María Spadafora describes the current situation of indigenous communities in Argentina. She explains the meaning of “being Indian” and how processes of ethnic re-emergence have taken place in Argentina and elsewhere in the continent. The articulation between Positive Law and indigenous world view, and the effects of globalization on ethnic minorities are some of the issues covered.

KAJIAN MAKANAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANTROPOLOGI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yevita Nurti

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This article is a literature study explain about the study of food, food habits and nutrition in the Anthropology perspective. The food and nutrition studies reviewed in this article only suggests some examples, which are considered popular and represent the themes in food discussion. The discussion starts from the beginning of anthropologist interest about food in culture until the process it.

Staff members with 25 years' service at CERN in 2003

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

The following staff members with 25 years' service in 2003 were invited by the Director-General to a reception in their honour on 20 November 2003: ALLIOD Patrick/ATGESCHONKE Gunther/AB AYMON Marcel/HRGLASER Maurice/EP BAUDET Serge/TISHUGOT Bernard/AB BENOIT-JEANNIN Brigitte/SPLJOUVE Christian/AT BERRY Peter/HRJULLIARD André/ST BIERI Catherine/STLAFAGE Patrice/ST BLANC Didier/STLAJUST Danièle/DSU BLANC Michel/ITLEGRAND Dominique/AT BOCH Guy/ITLONG Serge/EST BONZANO Roberto/STLYONNET André/EP BURCKHART Doris/EPMALOD-DOGNIN Jean-Pierre/ST BURNS Alan/ABMAURY Stephan/AC BURTIN Gérard/ABMILES John/AT CARENA Wisla/EPMONET René/EST CASTEL André/ESTMULLER André/TIS CLIFF Frank/HRPERREAL Pierre/AT CUCCURU Giovanni/ATPETERSEN Jørgen/EP DAMIANI Michel/ABPETIT Patrick/EP DELUCINGE Evelyne/ATPIERRE Patrice/AB DHOTE Patrick/SPLROUX Jacques/EP FLUCKIGER François/ITSAMYN Dirk/EP FORESTE Antonio/ESTSAVIOZ Jean Jacques/AB FRAIS...

Club de pétanque

CERN Multimedia

Club de pétanque

2013-01-01

C'est sous une journée radieuse que s'est déroulé le jeudi 29 août 2013 notre concours interne "Challenge Jean-Claude Frot"pour la seizième année consécutive. Trente deux participants soit seize doublettes se disputaient en trois parties avec tirage à la mêlée. Notre concours ouvert à tous les amateurs de pétanque recevait Saint-Genis-Pouilly en la présence de leur président Didier Patroix,le club de Mouxy et son président Gino Nogare ainsi que des membres du club de Machilly. Après délibération de notre juge arbitre Claude Jouve quatre joueurs avaient gagné les trois parties et il fallait donc approfondir avec le goal avérage par les points faits et les points laissés faire. 1er : Jean-Jacques Stuppi,membre du club de Machilly et qui devient ...

How to make stone soup: Is the "Paleo diet" a missed opportunity for anthropologists?

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Melanie L; Nowell, April

2016-09-01

For the past few years, people everywhere have been "going Paleo." Websites and social media touting the benefits of eating a "Paleo diet" and following a "Paleolithic life style" serve as calls to arms for health-conscious individuals seeking information about the latest health and fitness trends. Many of these people participate in programs such as Crossfit, which involve major social and life-style modification components and therefore facilitate the dissemination of dietary fads. 1 The PALEOf(x) TM conference, which bills itself as "the world's premier holistic wellness event," has attracted sellout crowds of thousands of attendees for the last four years. 2 Consumers can wear Paleo clothing, download Paleo shopping and exercise apps to their smartphones, order prepackaged Paleo food, prepare it using Paleo cooking implements, or expediently buy Paleo convenience foods from Paleodiet™ vending machines 3 and "Cultured Caveman" food trucks. 4 The Paleo diet is touted by movie stars, reality TV personalities, and professional athletes, including LeBron James and the entire Miami Dolphins NFL team. 5,6 Books with titles such as The Primal Blueprint, 7 Cavewomen Don't Get Fat, 8 and Paleo Perfected 9 (the latter by the stodgy America's Test Kitchen) are legion, and many are bestsellers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Gregório Ronca and Ermanno Stradelli: navy officer and anthropologist in the Amazon

OpenAIRE

Cappelli, Vittorio; Universita’ Della Calabria

2013-01-01

The intervention is intended to describe, comment and compare the experiences of two Italian travellers in Amazonas between the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries. The explorations and acts of Ermanno Stradelli, ethnologist who was been living and working in Amazonas since 1879 to 1926, and the explorative mission of Gregorio Ronca, Italian Navy’s officer, who in 1904 travelled from the Antilles to the Guyanas and Amazonas, going up the Amazon from Belém to Manaus and Iquitos, in order t...

Gregório Ronca and Ermanno Stradelli: navy officer and anthropologist in the Amazon

OpenAIRE

Cappelli, Vittorio

2012-01-01

The intervention is intended to describe, comment and compare the experiences of two Italian travellers in Amazonas between the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries. The explorations and acts of Ermanno Stradelli, ethnologist who was been living and working in Amazonas since 1879 to 1926, and the explorative mission of Gregorio Ronca, Italian Navy’s officer, who in 1904 travelled from the Antilles to the Guyanas and Amazonas, going up the Amazon from Belém to Manaus and Iquitos, in order t...

Archaeological Reconnaissance in the 50 Year Flood Easement Lands. Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir, Missouri

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

No. 14. Knoxville. Chomko, Stephen A. 1978 Phillips Spring, 23111216: A Multicomponent Site in the Western Missouri Ozarkq. Plains Anthropologist 23...Office of the State Archaeologist, Iniversity of Iowa Report 11. Iowa City. Pp. 163-166. Henry, Donald 0., Barbara Butler and Stephen A. Hall 1979 The...North America. M- Graw -Hill. New York. 1 ~168 .Iohnson, Alfred E. 1968 Archaeological Investigations in the Clinton Reservoir Area, Eastern Kansas

Culture and Rural Development

OpenAIRE

Wüpper, David Johannes

2016-01-01

History is an important determinant of current economic development. One reason is cultural learning, which includes imitating behaviors from ancestors in order to save individual learning costs. Amongst anthropologists, there is widespread agreement that it is cultural learning that makes humans so adaptive in comparison to other species, which imitate less or worse. Nevertheless, culture also makes humans less adaptive than economists assume for the homo economicus (because humans imitate m...

The Ethnic Factor in the Soviet Armed Forces. The Muslim Dimension

Science.gov (United States)

1991-01-01

2Ronald A. Reminick, Theory of Ethnicity: An Anthropologist’s Perspective, Univer- sity Press of America , New York and London, 1983, p. 2; Donald L...South Asia, Africa, and Latin America ). The main reason for the special intensity of inter-ethnic violence in the developing countries stems from the...language policy as it affected the various ethnic groups, see Isabelle T. Kreindler (ed.), Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Soviet National Languages

Adult and early childhood diet of early medieval untypical population group of Central Europe (10th century AD, Czech Republic) in relation to the health status

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kaupová, S.; Velemínský, P.; Stránská, Petra; Tomková, Kateřina

2017-01-01

Roč. 162, S64 (2017), s. 239 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /86./. 19.04.2017-22.04.2017, New Orleans] R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36938G Institutional support: RVO:67985912 Keywords : Early Middle Ages * diet * anthropology * Central Europe Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Archaeology http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23210/pdf

Sexual dimorphism of the upper face, mandible and palate in elite of early medieval population from the Central Europe

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bejdová, Š.; Dupej, J.; Velemínská, J.; Poláček, Lumír; Velemínský, P.

2017-01-01

Roč. 162, S64 (2017), s. 115-116 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /86./. 19.04.2017-22.04.2017, New Orleans] Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : Early Middle Ages * anthropology * sexual dimorphism * facial skeleton * Great Moravian population * current population * Central Europe Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Archaeology http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23210/pdf

Reframing Stability Operations: using Social Science to Identify Pillars of Stability Operations to Bridge the Gap Between the Principles of Joint Operations and Stability Operations Framework

Science.gov (United States)

2009-12-11

anthropologists refer to mobility as a critical element to the human existence, though in doing so, they use the term in different ways. Malinowski ...Bronislaw Malinowski and Len Doyal and Ian Gough go further to specify what functions societies must implement to ensure individuals can meet these...work theorizes on basic needs by synthesizing the works of Malinowski , Abraham Maslow, Doyal and Gough, and Amartya Kumar Sen. This piece elaborates on

Forensic anthropology: developments of a classical discipline in the new millennium.

Science.gov (United States)

Cattaneo, Cristina

2007-01-17

The present brief review is a survey of the role of forensic anthropology (FA) in the new millennium. After an introduction which deals with the expanding definition of the discipline and the issue of professionality and training, the author approaches the role and novel developments of the field, with particular reference to the past 5 years. Such developments are discussed in a sectorial manner, distinguishing the role of research in the areas of forensic anthropology which deal with human remains and those that deal with the living. As regards the "human remains" domain, advances and stalls still present in the fields of species and postmortem interval determination, sexing, aging and attribution of ancestry are stressed. The need for standards in facial reconstruction and positive identification by bone morphology are underlined, as well as the growing role of the anthropologist in detecting signs of trauma. Finally, the relatively new role of the forensic anthropologist in the domain of identification of the living is described, although this area is still underrepresented as regards research activity: these studies concern the strive to devise methods for identifying faces (e.g. in the case of crimes registered by videosurveillance systems), aging living individuals or juveniles represented in pedopornographic material.

Conversations between anthropology and psychiatry: drawing out the best from interdisciplinarity in global mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosso Buckton, Amanda

2015-12-01

Conversations between anthropologists and psychiatrists have led to new theoretical trajectories, research agendas and clinical practices as social scientists and medical practitioners forged new understandings about the interaction of culture, personhood and illness. However, the demands of global mental health, coupled with health service provision requirements, mean that mental health interventions set up with the best intentions can fail to take into account the knowledge and expertise that social sciences can contribute to a programme's success. In this paper, I reflect on conversations between an anthropologist and mental health professionals in direct reference to data analysis of an AusAID mental health capacity-building programme undertaken in the Pacific region. Social and cultural perspectives embedded within programmes can provide richer, more contextualised interventions. In drawing on the combined expertise of anthropology and psychiatry, new taken-for-granted reference points embedding cultural approaches form the basis for delivery of global mental health programmes. These perspectives include: Locating mental health programmes within development critiques. Situating the subjects of development within contextualised settings, acknowledging and respecting local knowledge, understandings and practices. A focus on interdisciplinarity as the basis for future practice in global mental health projects. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2015.

Personal equations: reflections on the history of fieldwork, with special reference to sociocultural anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuklick, Henrika

2011-03-01

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, diverse sciences grounded in natural history made a virtue of field research that somehow tested scientists' endurance; disciplinary change derived from the premise that witnesses were made reliable by character-molding trials. The turn to the field was a function of structural transformations in various quarters, including (but hardly limited to) global politics, communications systems, and scientific institutions, and it conduced to biogeographical explanations, taxonomic schemes that admitted of heterogeneity, and affective research styles. Sociocultural anthropology, which took specialized shape at the beginning of the twentieth century, shared many properties with other field sciences, but its method--participant observation-was distinctive. Critical to the method's definition were the efforts of the British experimental psychologist-anthropologist W. H. R. Rivers, who relied on notions then widespread in Europe and the United States. The discipline's future mythic hero, Bronislaw Malinowski, embraced Rivers's model. For both men, proper fieldwork meant using the researcher's body as an instrument and entailed understanding both the anthropologist's body and the research subject's body as energy systems; this symmetry facilitated a relativist perspective. Participant observation remains central to sociocultural anthropology, but the discipline's pedagogic habits contributed to loss of memory of its energetic conceptualization.

[ETHICAL PRINCIPALS AND A POSTERIORI JUSTIFICATIONS].

Science.gov (United States)

Heintz, Monica

2015-12-01

It is difficult to conceive that the human being, while being the same everywhere, could be cared for in such different ways in other societies. Anthropologists acknowledge that the diversity of cultures implies a diversity of moral values, thus that in a multicultural society the individual could draw upon different moral frames to justify the peculiarities of her/his demand of care. But how could we determine what is the moral frame that catalyzes behaviour while all we can record are a posteriori justifications of actions? In most multicultural societies where several moralframes coexist, there is an implicit hierarchy between ethical systems derived from a hierarchy of power which falsifies these a posteriori justifications. Moreover anthropologists often fail to acknowledge that individual behaviour does not always reflect individual values, but is more often the result of negotiations between the moralframes available in society and her/his own desires and personal experience. This is certainly due to the difficulty to account for a dynamic and complex interplay of moral values that cannot be analysed as a system. The impact of individual experience on the way individuals give or receive care could also be only weakly linked to a moral system even when this reference comes up explicitly in the a posteriori justifications.

Between anthropology and medicine: an analysis of the anthropological studies of Álvaro Fróes da Fonseca in the 1920s and 1930s

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Adriana Tavares do Amaral Martins Keuller

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The physician and anthropologist Álvaro Fróes da Fonseca lived in several cities in Brazil during his career in the first half of the 20th century. He worked in the chair of Medical-Surgical Anatomy at the Faculties of Medicine of Porto Alegre, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. As an anthropologist, he held activities at the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro and, in the 1960s, at the Instituto de Antropologia Tropical of the Faculty of Medicine in Recife. In this article, I intend to recover the contributions of Fróes da Fonseca on anthropology, analyzing some of his research developed at the Laboratory of Anthropology of the Museu Nacional and others published in the journal of this institution between the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, he brought together scientists, developed and directed several works on physical anthropology and the 'anthropological types', focusing on developing methods and patterns of racial classification, i.e., on producing concepts and techniques to guide anthropological practice. He refuted the scientific racism of the period, so the research conducted by Fróes da Fonseca reflected on the 'race problem' and the issue of miscegenation in favor of Brazil's future.

Adventures in human population biology.

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Baker, P T

1996-01-01

This article is a memoir of anthropologist Paul Baker's professional life. The introduction notes that the field of anthropology was altered by the impact of World War II when physical anthropologists provided vital information to the military. After the war, the GI bill supported the undergraduate and graduate studies of veterans, including Baker. After describing his academic training at the University of New Mexico and Harvard, Baker details his research training and field work in the desert for the US Climatic Research Laboratory and his work identifying the dead in Japan for the Quartermaster unit. Baker then traces his academic career at the Pennsylvania State University during which he directed two multidisciplinary research efforts for the International Biological Programme, one that sought to understand human adaptability at high altitude in Peru and another that studied migration and modernization in Samoa. Baker's last administrative positions were as staff consultant to the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program and as chair of the US MAB committee. Baker retired from academic life at age 60 in 1987 and has devoted his time to reading and to helping organize professional associations in anthropology, especially those devoted to furthering internationally organized scientific efforts. Baker concludes this memoir by acknowledging the growth and development of the discipline of human population biology.

Did "Kin-based societies" Exist? On the (DeConstruction of an Anthropological Concept

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Zorica Ivanović

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Concept of a ‘kin-based society’ relies on the assumption that, in stateless societies, kinship served as a fundamental and sufficient principle of social and political organization. Developed within the evolutionary paradigm, this concept has acquired different forms during the discipline’s history, depending on the theoretical orientation of various anthropologists and their understanding of the notion of ‘kinship’. Speaking from significantly different theoretical positions, anthropologists ranging from Rivers to Malinowski and Radcliffe- Brown, to Evans-Pritchard, Fortes and Levi-Strauss, all maintained that kinship formed a basis of social organization, although they did not always agree on the definition of the concept and the type of kinship relations that had this special quality of integrating and organizing the whole of society. The debates were primarily about whether it was consanguinity or affinity that served as a fundamental factor of forming and reproducing social relations. As modern anthropology rejects the idea that kinship relations can form the basis for social, economic and political integration in any type of society, including those without the state, class or caste system, this article considers the assumptions underpinning the construction of the concept witch for long played such an important role in the discipline’s knowledge but later came to be seriously challenged.

La responsabilidad profesional en el ejercicio de la profesión antropológica: El caso de la comunidad antropológica norteamericana

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Luciana Gazzotti

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende ser una contribución para aquellos interesados en problematizar acerca de las responsabilidades que tiene el antropólogo en el ejercicio de su profesión. A través del análisis de la producción teórico-normativa de la comunidad antropológica norteamericana se analiza el contexto de surgimiento, las transformaciones y los nuevos debates que surgen cuando se intenta debatir acerca de las responsabilidades que tiene el antropólogo cuando realiza investigación. La conflictividad de los sucesos que generaron la formulación de normativas específicas convierte al caso de la antropología norteamericana en uno ejemplificador de los posibles riesgos que pueden producirse en comunidades donde no existe ninguna reglamentación formal del ejercicio de la profesión.This article, intent to be a contribution for anthropologist who want to incorporate the concept of professional responsibilities into their dailies practices. Since American's anthropological theoretical and normative productions we'll analyse the development, transformation and the new debates that arise when we want to answer the question: which are the responsibilities that anthropologist have when make development.

Heart of Darkness and the epistemology of cultural differences

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P. B. Armstrong

1994-05-01

Full Text Available Heart of Darkness has a long history of disagreement about whether to regard it as a daring attack on imperialism or a reactionary purveyor of colonial stereotypes. Taking Achebe’s now famous indictment and Clifford's recent praise that Conrad was an exemplary anthropologist, this article argues that Conrad is neither a racist nor an exemplary anthropologist hut a skeptical dramatist of epistemological processes. The novella has received these divergent responses because its enactment of the dilemmas entailed in understanding cultural otherness is inherently double and strategically ambiguous. The article argues that the novella is a calculated failure to depict achieved cross-cultural understanding presented to the reader through textual strategies which oscillate between affirming and denying the possibility of understanding otherness. The article acknowledges that charges such as that made by Achebe are extremely valuable because they break the aura of the text and establish reciprocity between it and its interpreters by putting them on equal terms, and concludes that a recognition of how unsettingly ambiguous the text is about the ideals of reciprocity and mutual understanding will empower us to engage in a sort of dialogue with it which Marlow never achieves with Africans or anyone else.

Virtual worlds, real subjectivities : media anthropology at the personal/public interface

OpenAIRE

Fontana, Erica Lynn

2009-01-01

The study of media, a relatively new area of focus for anthropologists, draws on traditions of, and research in, both media studies and anthropology. While specifically anthropological and ethnographic approaches to media have put forth valuable insights regarding the culturally specific nature of media and media's integration into the totality of life, much of media anthropology leaves something to be desired in its conceptions of the relationship between the individual, particularly individ...

Proxemics in Human-Computer Interaction

OpenAIRE

Greenberg, Saul; Honbaek, Kasper; Quigley, Aaron; Reiterer, Harald; Rädle, Roman

2014-01-01

In 1966, anthropologist Edward Hall coined the term "proxemics." Proxemics is an area of study that identifies the culturally dependent ways in which people use interpersonal distance to understand and mediate their interactions with others. Recent research has demonstrated the use of proxemics in human-computer interaction (HCI) for supporting users' explicit and implicit interactions in a range of uses, including remote office collaboration, home entertainment, and games. One promise of pro...

Design Anthropology in Participatory Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, Rachel Charlotte; Gislev Kjærsgaard, Mette

2014-01-01

In this workshop we explore the opportunities of ethnography and design anthropology in Participatory Design (PD) as an approach to design in an increasingly global and digital world. Traditionally, ethnography has been used in PD to research real-life contexts and challenges, and as ways...... opportunities of using design anthropology as a holistic and critical approach to societal challenges, and a way for anthropologists and designers to engage in design that extends beyond the empirical....

Summary of Results, Chief Joseph Dam Cultural Resources Project, Washington.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-01-01

under types defined for the Great Basin, and these have virtually Identical temporal ranges (cf. Hester 1973; Heizer and Hester 1978; Holmer 1978...from west Texas. Plains Anthropologist 20:139-149. Heizer , R.F. and T.R. Hester 1978 Great Basin projectile points: forms and chronology. Bal lena Press...The .. modern unstable water levels periodical ly flood the houses and burrows of these aquatic mammals or Isolate them from water, rendering them

The Mortality of Euthansia in the Light of the Catholic Church's Teaching

OpenAIRE

Tochi, Amadi Declan

2005-01-01

The question of euthanasia has kept pre-occupying and agitating the minds of thinkers, sweeping the globe, pummelling pedagogy, assailing assumptions, and bludgeoning biases. Both the moralist, ethicist, theologian, psychologist, educationist, anthropologist, politician, physician, patient as well as the common man in the street are interested in it. This pervading interest simply arises out of the fact that euthanasia involves the question of life, and life is something that is a common deno...

Asking the Right Questions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Richter, Line

Based on fieldwork in Mali this paper discusses the role of anthropology (and the anthropologist) in a large public health research project on children's health. In the uncertainty and disquiet that comes with the battle to combat and avoid diseases in a setting where poverty and abysmal diseases......, is the ability to move beyond even the best hidden assumptions and question our own questions, thereby enabling us to ask the right questions....

Le refus de la violence. Vies de femmes, entre l'Algérie et la France

OpenAIRE

Lebas , Clotilde

2013-01-01

"gender studies";"violence";"migration";"body" ''embodiement'';''gender technologies'';"life narratives";"Algeria";"France"; My research stems from a strong interest for experiences and explorations able to blur the lines of division between genders. As an anthropologist, I endeavored to seize this trouble through an inquiry allowing to bring to light the modes of embodiment of gender assignments and the possibles created by those who, in a moment of their life, have rejected them. First of a...

Ce que fabrique la gestation pour autrui

OpenAIRE

Courduriès , Jérôme

2016-01-01

International audience; Surrogacy is the subject of many ethical, moral, and political discussions. The important questions that surrogacy raises concerning the availability of the human body and the commercial aspect of this practice in certain countries obscure other issues that pique the curiosity of an anthropologist interested in kinship and definitions of being. This article discusses how surrogacy, a medical technology and at times a commercial operation, is also a practice that establ...

Theory and method at the intersection of anthropology and cultural neuroscience

OpenAIRE

Seligman, Rebecca; Brown, Ryan A.

2009-01-01

Anthropologists have become increasingly interested in embodiment—that is, the ways that socio-cultural factors influence the form, behavior and subjective experience of human bodies. At the same time, social cognitive neuroscience has begun to reveal the mechanisms of embodiment by investigating the neural underpinnings and consequences of social experience. Despite this overlap, the two fields have barely engaged one another. We suggest three interconnected domains of inquiry in which the i...

Social and cultural efficacies of medicines: Complications for antiretroviral therapy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hardon Anita

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Using ethnographic examples of medicine use, prescription, distribution and production, the authors argue that social and cultural effects of pharmaceuticals should be taken into account. Non-medical effects deeply influence the medical outcome of medicine use. Complications around the advent of anti-AIDS medicines in poor countries are taken as a point in case. The authors are medical anthropologists specialised in the social and cultural analysis of pharmaceuticals.

Sociocultural Systems: The Next Step in Army Cultural Capability

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

chapters in her conclusion of the anthology, pulling together overarching themes for the reader. She discusses multiple perspectives for defining and...driver pulling up to a gas pump is likely to be low on gas) or knowing the implication of a particular set of activities (we know that shopping in...relevance to civilian and military helpers. These are referred to by anthropologists as gatekeepers, culture brokers, and (my term) goalies . They are

Human diet in the early medieval period: Tooth wear, mastication, enamel thickness and its relationship to social stratification

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ibrová, A.; Dupej, J.; Stránská, Petra; Velemínský, P.; Poláček, Lumír; Velemínská, J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 162, S64 (2017), s. 226 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /86./. 19.04.2017-22.04.2017, New Orleans] Institutional support: RVO:67985912 ; RVO:68081758 Keywords : Early Middle Ages * human diet * anthropology * tooth wear * Central Europe Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology; AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology (ARUB-Q) OBOR OECD: Archaeology; Archaeology (ARUB-Q) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23210/pdf

Dance anthropology and the impact of 1930s Haiti on Katherine Dunham's scientific and artistic consciousness

OpenAIRE

Durkin, Hannah

2011-01-01

Katherine Dunham (1909-2006) was one of the most critically and commercially successful dancers of the twentieth century. She established and ran the Katherine Dunham Dance Company, the earliest self-supporting predominantly black dance company and one of the first modern dance troupes to achieve international success. She was also one of the first African Americans to conduct anthropological fieldwork, and the first anthropologist to explore the function of dance in rituals and community lif...

Evolution of Brazilian Civil-Military Relations: From Pacted Transition to Lula’s Foreign Policy Tool

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-01

in the Amazon had been disrupting the culture of the Yanomami Indians since the mid-1960s. The Calha Norte project was to be no exception. The... Yanomami Indians are one of the last remaining unassimilated groups of people in the world and have been of great interest to anthropologists and the...nineteen unconnected tracks of land totaling 2.4 million hectares and forcefully removed forty thousand gold miners from Yanomami lands.62 These

The People Paradox: Self-Esteem Striving, Immortality Ideologies, and Human Response to Climate Change

OpenAIRE

Janis L. Dickinson

2009-01-01

In 1973, Ernest Becker, a cultural anthropologist cross-trained in philosophy, sociology, and psychiatry, invoked consciousness of self and the inevitability of death as the primary sources of human anxiety and repression. He proposed that the psychological basis of cooperation, competition, and emotional and mental health is a tendency to hold tightly to anxiety-buffering cultural world views or "immortality projects" that serve as the basis for self-esteem and meaning. Although he focused m...

REVIEW: EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS IN CHINA'S BORDERLANDS

OpenAIRE

Gregory Rohlf

2013-01-01

Review of: Denise M Glover, Stevan Harrel, Charles F McKhann, and Margaret Byrne Swain (eds). 2011. Explorers and Scientists in China's Borderlands, 1880-1950. Seattle: University of Washington Press. This collection of eight biographical essays from a 2007 symposium makes for engaging reading and holds together well as a book. The authors, mainly anthropologists, examine the lives of ten explorers who were active primarily in the first half of the twentieth century. Some worked for d...

Knowledge Loss: Managing Local Knowledge in Rural Uzbekistan

OpenAIRE

Wall, Caleb; Evers, Hans-Dieter

2006-01-01

Knowledge loss is not a remote phenomenon, unique to one knowledge system. Rather we argue that the loss of knowledge is an issue for other knowledge systems as well. Knowledge loss is certainly a concern for anthropologists working on indigenous knowledge, fearful of ‘losing’ indigenous knowledge entirely as a result of modernisation (cf. Cox, 2000). Equally, staff movements within the corporate world probably lead to a large amount of knowledge displacement, yet staff (and thus knowledge) r...

Human paleoneurology

CERN Document Server

2015-01-01

The book presents an integrative review of paleoneurology, the study of endocranial morphology in fossil species. The main focus is on showing how computed methods can be used to support advances in evolutionary neuroanatomy, paleoanthropology and archaeology and how they have contributed to creating a completely new perspective in cognitive neuroscience. Moreover, thanks to its multidisciplinary approach, the book addresses students and researchers approaching human paleoneurology from different angles and for different purposes, such as biologists, physicians, anthropologists, archaeologists

External and Intrinsic Signatures in Human Teeth to Assist Forensic Identification Work

OpenAIRE

Alkass, Kanar

2011-01-01

In forensic medicine, dead victim identification constitutes an important task for forensic professionals including forensic pathologists, anthropologists, and odontologists. If no clues are at hand regarding the identity of the deceased, whether it is a victim of a mass disaster or a suspect homicide case, it is vital to know when a person died, and to know the sex and age of the decedent in order to limit the search for possible matching persons. In paper I, teeth from ...

Measurer’s Handbook: US Army and Marine Corps Anthropometric Surveys, 2010-2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-01

Follow the procedures in DoD 5200.22-M, Industrial Security Manual, Section ll-19 or DoD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program Regulation, Chapter IX...Data for both the ANSUR II and MC-ANSUR efforts will be collected by a Government research anthropologist and an industry team of highly trained...protective eyewear . The foot scan is used for boots and other footwear. The whole body scan is used for modeling, body armor, and load-carrying systems

[Participatory observation in the 1995 count of population and housing. An anthropological experience].

Science.gov (United States)

Mindek, D

1996-01-01

"The experience of an anthropologist who participated as enumerator in [Mexico's] Conteo de Poblacion y Vivienda 1995 is analyzed in this paper. The author describes briefly the methodology...for each stage of the enumeration; she systematically points [out] the circumstances and reasons that determine why the different groups involved in the process do not follow the rules. She [examines] the questions that the informers usually avoid answering, or the ones they answer hardly and imprecisely." (EXCERPT)

Stonehenge Landscapes and Stone Circles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mike Pitts

2002-05-01

Full Text Available Archaeologists agonise about using the experience of people living in the present to help them think about people's lives in the past. Beneath the rhetoric, however, lies the simple fact that if you study the work of anthropologists, you are confronted with real individuals and communities. The practise of learning from such communities can be particularly liberating if you mix with them yourself, as I learnt when writing a book about Stonehenge (Pitts 2001.

On the Advantages and Defects of the American Structuralism

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

徐晓莹

2004-01-01

During the years at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century when Saussure was working out his ideas in Europe, synchronic linguistics was emerging independently, and in a very different style, in America, under the leadership of the anthropologist Franz Boas. Boas set a direction for American linguistics. The school founded by Boas was called structural linguistics. Beside Boas, the other two major representatives of this school during this period were: Sapir and Bloomfield.

Introduction: popular economies in South Africa

OpenAIRE

Elizabeth Hull; Deborah James

2012-01-01

African economies have long been a matter of concern to anthropologists, not least in the pages of Africa. These economies are situated, somewhat contradictorily, between global settings of financialized capitalism on the one hand and impoverished local arenas where cash-based economic transfers predominate on the other. The more such economies appear to be tied to wider global arenas and operations that place them beyond the reach of ordinary people, the more necessary it is to explore the l...

From Liminal to Liminoid: Eminem's Trickstering

OpenAIRE

Velde, Jonas

2012-01-01

Eminem's work has been examined under a multitude of academic lenses, often cross-disciplinary. In this thesis I draw heavily on social- and cultural-anthropological theory in reading Eminem's work as modern-day enactments of liminality and rites of passage. Looking at symbols produced in the liminal stage of rites of passage from childhood to adulthood in small-scale societies and in post-industrial societies, along the work of anthropologists such as Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, she...

A Unifying Account of Technological Knowledge: Animal Construction, Tool Use, and Technology

OpenAIRE

Heflin, Ashley Shew

2011-01-01

Philosophers, historians of technology, and anthropologists often offer accounts of technology that include a â human clause,â some phrase to the effect that only humans use or make technologies. When these academics do consider tool use, they refer to a few cases, usually from chimpanzee studies, as special and unusual in the animal kingdom and whose similarities to human tool use can be explained through some shared evolutionary heritage. However, new observational and laboratory animal ...

La dimensión indígena del salvaje europeo.

OpenAIRE

Carlos Benítez Trinidad

2015-01-01

The Mexican anthropologist Roger Bartra in his works makes an analysis of the evolution of the myth of European savage, rooted in the classical antiquity to evolve and adapt to the mentality of the people who were populating Europe until its expansion to the world in the late s. XV, extrapolating that mythology to the construction around the inhabitants of the New World. This mythological dimension merges with the role that the indian was acquired during the consolidation...

Uit het oog, uit het hart?: stabiliteit en verandering in persoonlijke relaties

OpenAIRE

Busschbach, Jooske Tanna van

1996-01-01

Why do we loose contact with some friends while the relations with others remain stable over time? Research shows that the frequency of contact within personal relations changes during our life course. The aim of our research was to develop and test general hypotheses that explain differences in stability and change of contact within personal relations over a longer period in time. The concept of 'social capital' was introduced by anthropologist and sociologist to describe the influence of pe...

Keeping the feet of the gods and the saints warm: mundane pragmatics in times of suffering and uncertainty.

Science.gov (United States)

van Dongen, Els

2008-12-01

In this article the author writes about mundane pragmatics, or everyday deeds, in times of suffering and uncertainty. Such pragmatics differ from cultural practices such as biomedical therapies or individual health-seeking behaviour patterns. Medical anthropologists and others working in the field of health and illness often overlook such pragmatics. However, these actions are of great social value and express the connectedness and bonds between people. They also express our deep beliefs, hopes, powerlessness and vulnerability.

Being Riveted to Oneself: Shame and Personal Identity

OpenAIRE

Montes Sánchez, Alba

2011-01-01

II Workshop on Identity, Memory and Experience. Getafe (Spain), March 1-4th, 2011 In Shame and Necessity, his brilliant book on the ethics of the Ancient Greeks, Bernard Williams performed a detailed and intriguing analysis of an emotion that, up to then, had been given little merit in connection to morality. Arguing with his former professor, E.R. Dodds, and picking up on a distinction between "shame cultures" and "guilt cultures" drawn by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict, William...

RESEARCH, ART AND VIDEO GAMES : ETHNOGRAPHY OF AN EXTRA-DISCIPLINARY EXPLORATION

OpenAIRE

Parizot, Cédric; Stanley, Douglas,

2016-01-01

International audience; This article reviews the process of conception and development of a documentary and artistic video game: A Crossing Industry. This game focuses on the operations of the Israeli separation regime in the West Bank during the three years following the second Intifada (2007-2010). Still in development, it is being produced by a transdisciplinary team composed of an anthropologist (Cédric Parizot), an artist (Douglas Edric Stanley), a philosopher (Jean Cristofol) and ten st...

<研究論文(原著論文)>人間行動生態学における最適化モデル

OpenAIRE

中尾, 央

2010-01-01

This paper aims to point out some problems of human behavioral ecology referring to its historical development, and tries to partially defend its methodology. The origin of human behavioral ecology lies in human sociobiology initially led by R. Alexander and some anthropologists from the 1970s to the 1980s; subsequently, these studies were criticized by Kitcher and others. I argue that because of its origin and inheritance from some of the assumptions from human sociobiology, the characteriza...

Acculturation and Its Discontents: A Case for Bringing Anthropology Back into the Conversation

Science.gov (United States)

Guarnaccia, Peter J.; Hausmann-Stabile, Carolina

2016-01-01

Anthropologists’ contribution to the study of cultural change is urgent in light of the increasing number of people of different backgrounds who are migrating around the globe and settling in new communities, and the opportunities and challenges that come along with that process. By examining the anthropological literature on acculturation going back to the 1936 Memorandum by Redfield, Linton and Herskovits, this paper reviews and assesses the discipline’s perspective on acculturation, and lays out the case for why it is critical for anthropologists to re-engage the concept. Although other disciplines, particularly psychology and sociology, have dominated the field of acculturation research more recently, they mostly have done so with a narrow focus. While it is important to acknowledge the pitfalls of anthropology’s past study of acculturation, there are important features of the acculturation construct that continue to be relevant. Among these are the study of acculturation as a process that is multidimensional; the investigation of how different kinds of power affect the acculturation process; the impacts of attitudes, actions and policies of the receiving group on how acculturation proceeds; the role of “real history” in understanding processes of acculturation; and the global perspective on these processes. We suggest ways in which anthropologists can reignite the field of acculturation research by engaging with Redfield, Linton and Herskovits’ framework and subsequent anthropological literature. PMID:27595125

Marmosets as model species in neuroscience and evolutionary anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Burkart, Judith M; Finkenwirth, Christa

2015-04-01

Marmosets are increasingly used as model species by both neuroscientists and evolutionary anthropologists, but with a different rationale for doing so. Whereas neuroscientists stress that marmosets share many cognitive traits with humans due to common descent, anthropologists stress those traits shared with marmosets - and callitrichid monkeys in general - due to convergent evolution, as a consequence of the cooperative breeding system that characterizes both humans and callitrichids. Similarities in socio-cognitive abilities due to convergence, rather than homology, raise the question whether these similarities also extend to the proximate regulatory mechanisms, which is particularly relevant for neuroscientific investigations. In this review, we first provide an overview of the convergent adaptations to cooperative breeding at the psychological and cognitive level in primates, which bear important implications for our understanding of human cognitive evolution. In the second part, we zoom in on two of these convergent adaptations, proactive prosociality and social learning, and compare their proximate regulation in marmosets and humans with regard to oxytocin and cognitive top down regulation. Our analysis suggests considerable similarity in these regulatory mechanisms presumably because the convergent traits emerged due to small motivational changes that define how pre-existing cognitive mechanisms are quantitatively combined. This finding reconciles the prima facie contradictory rationale for using marmosets as high priority model species in neuroscience and anthropology. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

Il Codice Argimusco: ierotopie e ierofanie fra cristianesimo ed eresia medievale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MILAZZO, Gabriella

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The anthropologist Mircea Eliade introduces the concept of sacred space by providing a clear description of this phenomenon. He explains that every sacred space implies a hierophany; a manifestation of the sacred itself. Hierotopy, on the other hand, according to Lidov, is the creation of the sacred space in order to make an everyday place symbolically different. It represents a form of creativity typical of every culture, and it is a manifestation which is still present in peoples lives and daily activities. Argimusco, a megalithic site in Sicily, seems to perfectly lend itself to this type of study, and although lots of studies in the field of archaeoastronomy have been carried out on this site, only few regarding anthropology have been done. The survey carried out has to take many historical and theological parameters into account, and it becomes difficult for an anthropologist not to form hasty opinions, as he tries to come to an understanding of the meaning that medieval men had given to those stones, still vivid in their collective imagination. The essay begins with the analysis of the ancient cult of the stone, and moves to the various sacred and heretical beliefs of Medieval Christianity. It continues with the study of “alchemical initiation”, and finally touches on the debate concerning the beliefs of gnosticism.

GENDER EMPOWERMENT INDICATORS: BETTER MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES TO OPTIMIZE RESULTS

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Cristina Lanteri

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract.As a cultural anthropologist I strongly believe in the value of applied anthropology especially when it comes to international cooperation and development. Thanks to a methodology principally based on participant observation I found that anthropologists benefit from a deep understanding of the social dynamics within a group.  In this working paper I discuss my work for AIDA, a Spanish NGO, in Dhaka. Several years ago, I was called to collaborate with this organization in order to set ‘gender empowerment indicators’ for their projects. The activities, approved and financed by AIDA, were implemented by Tarango, a local NGO. The main goal of AIDA was to improve the conditions of women in specific urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.  Women are seen by the international community as one of the major driving forces in the development of a country. Gender equality and the empowerment of women have been defined by The Millennium Development Goals Report as ‘preconditions for overcoming poverty, hunger and disease’ (UN 2010, p.4. What I have found extremely interesting while working at Tarango was the strict relationship between economic and gender empowerment, social capital and creativity. I found that being aware of the positive externalities of this relationship can lead to a more efficiently organized production, economic independence and most importantly a stronger sense of identity.

Meeting of Directors and Heads of Department from CEA-Saclay, France

CERN Multimedia

Patrice Loïez

2002-01-01

Directors and Heads of Department from the Saclay centre of the French atomic energy commission (CEA) visited CERN in December. They are pictured here at the LHC magnet test facility in building SM18. On the left behind the visitors are the test benches where magnets are prepared for installation in String 2: the 120-metre full-scale model of an LHC cell of the regular part of the arc, which can be seen to the right. Photos 01, 02: Left to right: Marc Dejardin, Alain Givernaud, Louis Laurent, François Kircher, Antoine Masurel, Joël Feltesse, André Menez, T. Taylor, Philippe Pradelles, Bernard Sevestre, Michel Roche, Jean-Yves Gascoin, Thierry Lieven, Michel Spiro, Jean-Pierre Pervès, Yves Lemoigne, Béatrice Reder, Georges Carola, Philippe Lebrun, Yves Bourlat, Bertrand Mercier, Jean-Paul Langlois, Patrick Laurent, Didier Moulin, Xavier Vitart, Marc Serre, Jean-Louis Pierrey, Patrick Jarry, Bruno Mansoulié, Stéphane Lequien, Hervé Barbelin, Philippe Pallier, Jean-Yves Guillamot, and Norbert Sioegel.

Le décodage biologique. Diffusion d’une nouvelle médecine non-conventionnelle contre le cancer Biodecoding. Dissemination of a New Unconventional Therapy against Cancer

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Aline Sarradon-Eck

2011-05-01

Full Text Available De nouvelles médecines alternatives, regroupées sous l’appellation « décodage biologique », reposent sur une conception psychosomatique du cancer. Elles sont apparues en Europe dans les années 1990. Dans une perspective critique, l’article tente de comprendre la diffusion de ces nouvelles thérapies. S’inspirant du travail de D. Fassin sur les réseaux de l’ethnopsychiatrie, il analyse la construction d’une légitimation du décodage biologique et de ses praticiens, en décrivant les réseaux qui diffusent les théories et favorisent l’adoption de la pratique. L’article montre l’enracinement de ces nouvelles thérapies dans des représentations sociales et des modèles culturels de l’étiologie du cancer et du “faire face” à la maladie qui permettent ou renforcent l’adoption et l’appropriation de la pensée psychosomatique alternative.New alternative therapy called « bio-decoding » based on a psychosomatic perception of cancer appeared in the 1990s. Using a critical approach, the article aims to understand the therapy’s growth. Drawing on D. Fassin’s work about ethnopsychiatric networks, this paper analyses the construction of bio-decoding and bio-therapist legitimacy, by unravelling the networks which allow for theory dissemination and enable the practice’s growth. The article shows that these new therapies are deeply rooted in social and cultural models of cancer etiology and coping, which allow or reinforce approval and appropriation of alternative psychosomatic thought.

« Vie » et « vivant » : perspectives épistémologiques

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dell’Angelo-Sauvage Michèle

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Des idées des philosophes de la Grèce ancienne, à celles que suggèrent les avancées contemporaines de la biologie, différentes conceptions de la vie et du vivant sont proposées sans qu’un consensus ne soit obtenu. Différents auteurs ont présenté la vie comme l’affaire des philosophes, sous ses aspects politiques et sociaux, tandis que le vivant était l’affaire des biologistes préoccupés du fonctionnement des organismes (Canguilhem, 1990; Fassin, 2000; Jacob, 1970; Pichot, 2011. Mais cette distinction est actuellement rediscutée (Cherlonneix, 2013; Morange, 2013. D’autres auteurs mettent en contraste les approches réductionnistes et holistes et présentent les conséquences de ces points de vue. Dès 2006, Guespin-Michel et Stewart envisageaient un changement de paradigme inévitable face aux modifications de méthodes dans différents groupes de recherche. Nous proposons de porter un regard croisé sur les concepts de vie et de vivant dans le but d’éclaircir les fondements épistémologiques sous-jacents à un enseignement relatif au vivant : observe-t-on une influence réciproque des conceptions de « vie » et de « vivant » dans les différents courants de pensée ? Les changements épistémologiques liés aux observations faites à différentes échelles biologiques modifient-ils les réflexions philosophiques, scientifiques et sociétales ? Qu’en est-il actuellement de la distinction vie/vivant ?

Categories are alive: interview with Brackette F. Williams

OpenAIRE

Durão, Susana; Bastos, Cristiana; Williams, Brackette F.

2013-01-01

Brackette F. Williams is an American anthropologist and a Senior Justice ­Advocate, currently an associate professor of Cultural Anthropology at the University of ­Arizona. She studied at the University of Cornell, the University of Arizona, and received her doctorate from Johns Hopkins University. Her work interweaves ­matters of race, gender, class, ideology and politics in a unique manner – as seen in the article “A class act: Anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain” (Ann...

Evidence to the Windscale Inquiry on the social and political implications of the nuclear controversy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, P.J.

1977-01-01

Mr.Taylor's paper has the following section headings: preface; my relevant experience; the problem of controversy; the nature of the nuclear power controversy; the role of argument; paranoia and repression; structural inertia and conflict; the internationalisation of the opposition; the place of THORP in the context of an environmental revolution; the effect on THORP; the disposal controversy; the safety controversy; the psychological aspects of the nuclear controversy; nuclear power and symbolic representation; my own view as a social anthropologist (fledgling). (U.K.)

平遥：期待冲出围城的摄影节

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

晋永权

2003-01-01

Of the various photography festivals in China, the Pingyao International Photography Festival is still the one of the highest professional standard, the most appealing. As a form of visual language, imagery should not get divorced from social reality. If we could invite to the festival more culture researchers, historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and painters, the photography festival would break the boundaries of photography, attrad more audience, have a more enduring life, and meanwhile offer a wider scope of knowledge to photographers.

Low country fevers: cultural adaptations to malaria in antebellum South Carolina.

Science.gov (United States)

Dubisch, J

1985-01-01

The historical investigation of malaria in South Carolina offers a valuable opportunity for the medical anthropologist interested in the interrelationship between cultural practices and disease. Malaria was introduced to the New World by European settlers and African slaves, and the development of tidewater rice cultivation helped create and expand the conditions necessary for its spread. Once established, malaria became the region's most serious endemic disease, persisting until well into the twentieth century and cultural responses to it profoundly influenced antebellum southern society.

Lex alterius: Using Law to Construct Confessional Boundaries

OpenAIRE

Tolan , John

2014-01-01

Historians and anthropologists are confronted with a persistent problem for which there is no clear solution: the conceptual tools which we use to attempt to understand cultures are themselves products of (often) the very cultures we are attempting to understand. Take "religion". Daniel Boyarin (2004) has argued that the very concept of "religion" as we know it was a product of the fourth and fifth centuries, as bishops and emperors constructed Christianity as a religion (the true one, of cou...

Sexual dimorphism in an early medieval population (IX.-XI. century) from Central Europe and its relationship to socioeconomic stratification

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Velemínský, P.; Stránská, Petra; Dupej, J.; Havelková, P.; Kaupová, S.; Frolík, Jan; Poláček, Lumír; Brůžek, J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 162, S64 (2017), s. 394 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /86./. 19.04.2017-22.04.2017, New Orleans] R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36938G Institutional support: RVO:67985912 ; RVO:68081758 Keywords : Early Middle Ages * sex ual dimorphism * anthropology * Central Europe Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology; AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology (ARUB-Q) OBOR OECD: Archaeology; Archaeology (ARUB-Q) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23210/pdf

Design Anthropology in Participatory Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, Rachel Charlotte; Kjærsgaard, Mette Gislev

2015-01-01

This focus section explores the opportunities of design anthropology in participatory design as an approach to research and design in an increasingly global and digital world. Traditionally, ethnography has been used in Participatory design to research real-life contexts and challenges, and as ways...... opportunities of using design anthropology as a holistic and critical approach to addressing societal challenges and change, and a way for anthropologists and designers to engage in participatory research and design that extend beyond the empirical....

The Iban Dairies of Monica Freeman 1949-1951. Including Ethnographical Drawings, Sketches, Paintings, Photographs and Letters, Laura P. Appell-Warren  (ed.

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Antonio Guerreiro

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Few anthropologists have yet published their field dairies; until now Malinowski’s dairy is considered as one of the most fascinating piece of ethnographical writing. Monica Freeman’s dairies document the Freemans’ long Iban fieldwork in Sarawak (June 1949-May 1951, at the time a Crown colony (the State joined the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. This book is a welcome addition to both Anthropological litterature and Iban Studies. Derek Freeman (1916-2001, coming originally from New Zealan...

Augmented places: educational environments and the sense of ‘play’

OpenAIRE

Karandinou, Anastasia

2011-01-01

Digital media could be considered a type of ‘play’; as creative and engaging tools to design and think with about architecture and designing processes. Within this paper, the digital media are considered as a tool that provides us with qualities equivalent to those of play. ‘Play’ is a notion easy to comprehend intuitively, but complex to analyse and define. Anthropologists and psychologists have examined the elements that make the play engaging and stimulating, and to function as such. Here,...

ODONTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ALTINTEPE URARTU SKELETONS

OpenAIRE

Pınar GÖZLÜK KIRMIZIOĞLU; Ahmet Cem ERKMAN; Ayhan YİĞİT

2009-01-01

It has been shown that under the pressure of natural selection, tooth size varies over time among societies. The study of metric size variation is a common method used by anthropologists to investigate the morphologic relationships in archaeological Anatolian societies. The size, shape, and structure of the tubercles of teeth is primarily determined by genes. The integral role of genes does not only apply to the crown and roots, but also to numerous features of the tooth. In this study conduc...

Tribe and Village in African Organizations and Business

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragh, Simon Ulrik

The paper argues that African organization sand business relations reflect pre-industrial social norms found by anthropologists in kinship based, rural communities. African society is a hybrid mixture of an emerging industrial economy and a set of norms and behaviours which have been carried over......-industrial cultural traits and offers a theory showing their inner, social logic. Drawing on examples from the existing literature on African management it is shown how the pre-industrial norms are manifested in organizational practice and business....

Objects, pictures and sounds: the ethnography of Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924

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Erwin Frank

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The article characterizes the ethnological theory and method of Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924, a German anthropologist who made four visits to Brazil between 1896 and 1924, and who was especially noted for his writings about the Indians of the Rio Negro and Rio Branco, and the ethnographic collections, sound recordings, photography and films made during these journeys. The author relates this documentary material with Koch-Grünberg’s ethnographic project within the tradition of German Völkerkunde.

ORNL`s war on crime, technically speaking

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xiques, P.

1996-12-31

This paper describes research being carried out by the Center for Applied Science and Technology for Law Enforcement (CASTLE), at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This program works on projects which are solvable, affordable, and outside the scope of the private sector. Examples are presented of work related to: the lifetime of childrens fingerprints compared to adults; the development of ways of providing cooler body armor; digital enhancement technology applied to security-camera images from crime scenes; victim identification by skeletal reconstruction for use by forensic anthropologists.

"Introduction to an Alternative History of Money"

OpenAIRE

L. Randall Wray

2012-01-01

This paper integrates the various strands of an alternative, heterodox view on the origins of money and the development of the modern financial system in a manner that is consistent with the findings of historians and anthropologists. As is well known, the orthodox story of money's origins and evolution begins with the creation of a medium of exchange to reduce the costs of barter. To be sure, the history of money is "lost in the mists of time," as money's invention probably predates writing....

An on-line index of Pakistan Library Bulletin : volume 1 to 33 (1968 to 2002)

OpenAIRE

Samdani, Rais Ahmed; Mahmood, Khalid

2003-01-01

Computer is by far the greatest invention in human history. The idea of a global village, which once was the dream of Sociologists, Anthropologists and Philosophers, has now become reality. Information Technology (IT) is the order of the day with the advent of the new millennium. It has now become imperative to keep pace with its swift movement. Its influence on our lives is bright as the sun. No doubt that, after the invention of wheel, computer is the second greatest invention that revolut...

Perspectives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Duedahl, Poul

2005-01-01

Deviance is a classic subject of study for sociologists, anthropologists and social education workers, but not yet for Danish historians, who have been concerned predominantly with political history or other aspects of social history. This article arises from a conference, the purpose of which wa...... and suddenly disappeared again. The conference showed that deviance is time-specific, cultural and social-specific, and last but not least, that "deviants" are extremely valuable for "normal" individuals to define a common identity and to confirm their own "normality"....

Reflections on “Crossing Borders in Birthing Practices”: Hmong in Northern Thailand and Saint Paul, Minnesota

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Kathleen A. Culhane-Pera

2014-12-01

Full Text Available As a family physician and medical anthropologist, I have interacted with pregnant women and their families in Minnesota since 1983 and in one Hmong village in Northern Thailand since 1988. In the previous article I describe our recent research about Hmong families’ pregnancy and birth practices in Thailand. In this article, I reflect upon the differences in Minnesota and Thailand, consider what socio-cultural factors may be influencing people’s experiences, and speculate that Minnesota Hmong experiences could be helpful to Thai Hmong.

A crafting of potentials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kilbourn, Kyle

In the movement from understanding the past towards creating the future design anthropology, as a discipline, will turn from one with archival qualities to one endowed with potentials for change. One challenge facing design anthropology is how to show relevance for theory generation while also in......-as is complemented by designing for as design anthropologists stage design workshops, span knowledge traditions, and make design moves. Reflecting on my own research process, I trace a few research tools that underline the craft of design anthropology....

Utilstraekkelig dokumentation af dødelighed ved krig

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buhmann, Caecilie Böck; Nielsen, Karoline Kragelund

2010-01-01

Mortality estimates can be used for research, to inform or influence policy, for reconciliation processes, to plan health delivery and relief operations and for legal purposes. Many different methods have been applied and each has strengths and weaknesses. Recent years have seen an international...... effort in various disciplines like humanitarian actors, demographers and forensic anthropologists to cooperate, and efforts are being made to make data collection more systematic and valid. However, there are political, methodological and security-related challenges that must be overcome. Udgivelsesdato...

Back to the future: ethnodevelopment among the Jalq'a of Bolivia.

Science.gov (United States)

Healy, K

1992-01-01

The story is told of how several Chilean anthropologists and Bolivian colleagues helped the Jalq'a people to revive their traditional handicrafts as a model for microregional development. The quest was initially undertaken to find out about "potolo" weavings. The Jalq'a people were found in numbers totaling 25,000 impoverished and with very high infant mortality rates, low incomes, and social disorganization. although the traditional woven dresses were still worn, the color combinations and motifs had lost their originality and precision. The story was told about how during the 1960s and 1970s the poor cash economy had forced people to sell their textiles to tourists and traders for lower than market value. Eventually it became apparent that there were no longer models of the traditional garments to inspire new generations. Upon the anthropologists arrival and inquiries, it was related that local interest to revive production of these native textiles was still there. The craft revival took root because of the interest in the people not just as artisans but as people, and rapport was established. The background of the anthropologists is related. A grassroots support organization (GSO) was formed to assist in economic development that was rooted in the life of the community. The pace was set by participants and a few women at first were trained in commercial production. A shaman was asked to conduct a ritual ceremony which involved calling upon the mountain deities, the Mallkus, to give them a sign. The Mallkus agreed the project was good and the Jalq'a must conserve their language and culture and textiles. New workshops were blessed in a similar way. In the first workshop the challenge was for the women to determine how to make the many strange animals that appeared in Jalq'a designs; a photographic archive was put together and the hand-dyed colors restored with some difficulty. The exhibit of the textiles after several years led to new respect for the Jalq'a and

Indígenas Antropólogos e o Espetáculo da Alteridade

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Felipe Sotto Maior Cruz

2017-08-01

Full Text Available No presente artigo, apresento uma reflexão sobre a entrada de estudantes indígenas nas universidades brasileiras, enfatizando, a partir de minha experiência enquanto indígena antropólogo, o contexto dessa inserção em pós-graduações de antropologia. O meu foco de análise é a problemática que envolve a histórica invisibilidade indígena e os desafios de afirmação do protagonismo indígena nas academias frente às políticas de enunciação consolidadas nas práticas universitárias e à imagética nacional em torno da figura do “índio”.  Palavras-Chave: indígenas antropólogos, indígenas na universidade, educação indígena, indigenismo, relações interétnicas. Indigenous Anthropologists and the Spectacle of Otherness Abstract In this article I ponder on the access of indigenous students to Brazilian universities. From my own experience as an indigenous anthropologist, I focus on the context in which indigenous students are admitted to graduate programs in anthropology. I analyze the Indians' historical invisibility and the challenges they face to consolidate their roles in academy vis-à-vis the politics of enunciation that are deeply rooted in university practices and in the national imagery about the "Indian." Key Words: Indigenous anthropologists, University Indians, indigenous education, indigenism, interethnic relations. Indígenas Antropólogos y el Espectáculo de la Alteridad Resumen En el presente artículo presento una reflexión sobre la entrada de estudiantes indígenas en las universidades brasileñas, enfatizando, a partir de mi experiencia como indígena antropólogo, el contexto de esa inserción en los posgrados de antropología. Mi foco de análisis es la problemática que envuelve la histórica invisibilidad indígena y los desafíos de afirmación del protagonismo indígena en la academia frente a las políticas de enunciación consolidadas en las prácticas universitarias y la imagen nacional en

The second life of ethnographic fieldnotes

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Robert Leopold

2008-08-01

Full Text Available La deuxième vie des notes de terrain ethnographique. Créées dès 1879 sous le nom d’Archives du Bureau of American Ethnology, les National Anthropological Archives ont pour mission de collecter et d’assurer la sauvegarde des notes de terrain et, plus généralement, de l’ensemble des matériaux ethnographiques. Ces notes, photographies, archives sonores et images animées sont consultées très régulièrement par des anthropologues. Certains se consacrent à l’écriture de biographies, d’autres travaillent sur l’histoire de la discipline, d’autres encore sont désireux de revisiter les archives d’ethnologues les ayant précédés sur le même terrain. Ces matériaux sont également de plus en plus souvent consultés par des non-anthropologues, parmi lesquels on compte des membres de sociétés étudiées soucieux de mieux connaitre leur héritage. Ce texte présente quelques uns des défis que pose la collecte de ces archives et plus encore leur mise à disposition du public sur place ou en ligne. Il prend particulièrement en compte le rôle de l’archiviste vis-à-vis des sociétés-sources pour tout ce qui concerne les problèmes éthiques posés par l’utilisation de ces matériaux si sensibles.The second life of ethnographic fieldnotes. The National Anthropological Archives has been collecting and preserving ethnographic field notes and related materials since its founding as the Archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1879. Each year, these field notes, photographs, sound recordings and moving images are consulted by anthropologists writing biographies and intellectual histories, conducting comparative research, and reviewing the work of anthropologists who conducted research in the same ethnographic region. These field materials are also increasingly consulted by non-anthropologists, particularly native peoples studying their own cultural heritage. This text discusses some of the challenges involved in

From idol to art : African 'objects with power': a challenge for missionaries, anthropologists and museum curators

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Leyten, H.

2015-01-01

After his theological studies, Harrie Leyten (1935) worked as a missionary in Ghana for ten years. He studied social anthropology at Oxford University and became Africa curator of the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam in 1975, and taught at the University of Amsterdam and the Reinwardt Academy in Amsterdam.

An Anthropologist among the Psychometricians: Assessment Events, Ethnography, and Differential Item Functioning in the Mongolian Gobi

Science.gov (United States)

Maddox, Bryan; Zumbo, Bruno D.; Tay-Lim, Brenda; Qu, Demin

2015-01-01

This article explores the potential for ethnographic observations to inform the analysis of test item performance. In 2010, a standardized, large-scale adult literacy assessment took place in Mongolia as part of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Literacy Assessment and Monitoring Programme (LAMP). In a novel form…

Global Health, Medical Anthropology, and Social Marketing: Steps to the Ecology of Collaboration.

Science.gov (United States)

Whiteford, Linda

2015-06-01

Anthropology and global health have long been a focus of research for both biological and medical anthropologists. Research has looked at physiological adaptations to high altitudes, community responses to water-borne diseases, the integration of traditional and biomedical approaches to health, global responses to HIV/AIDS, and more recently, to the application of cultural approaches to the control of the Ebola epidemic. Academic anthropology has employed theory and methods to extend knowledge, but less often to apply that knowledge. However, anthropologists outside of the academy have tackled global health issues such as family planning and breast-feeding by bringing together applied medical anthropology and social marketing. In 2014, that potent and provocative combination resulted in the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida being made the home of an innovative center designed to combine academic and applied anthropology with social marketing in order to facilitate social change. This article discusses how inter- and intra-disciplinary research/application has led to the development of Florida's first World Health Organization Collaborating Center (WHO CC), and the first such center to focus on social marketing, social change and non-communicable diseases. This article explains the genesis of the Center and presents readers with a brief overview, basic principles and applications of social marketing by reviewing a case study of a water conservation project. The article concludes with thoughts on the ecology of collaboration among global health, medical anthropology and social marketing practitioners.

Irony and joking in ethnographic fieldwork: Reflections from Santo Antão Island (Cape Verde

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Martina Giuffrè

2016-08-01

Full Text Available In this essay I address the crucial role of irony and joking in anthropology with a focus on the ethnographic relationship. My starting point is field research carried out from 2001 to 2004 on Santo Antão island (Cape Verde, specifically Ponta do Sol. In Cape Verdean practice, jokes and irony represent customary communicational modes and important tools for building relationships: the ultimate means of achieving “cultural intimacy”, they are used almost as rites of initiation to bring newcomers into the community and at the same time to manage ambiguities. Indeed, it was precisely through irony that my interlocutors were able to perfectly capture my ambiguous insider/outsider position. In this specific ethnographic context, the ironic relationship is understood as both a key communication tool in the ethnographic encounter and an unusual rite of passage: although strangers/anthropologists can only be accepted if they become Cape Verdean to some degree, in reality they are never really able to complete this passage. The essay briefly reviews irony and joking in anthropology and focuses on aspects of ironic interactions in Cape Verde that are linked to intercultural relations in the ethnographic context as a site of uncertain communication. I stress how, especially in intercultural contexts, the ambiguity of irony represents not a barrier to communication but rather a key element of understanding between anthropologists and informants as well as a significant heuristic device.

DESKRIPSI DAN EKSPLANASI DALAM ETNOGRAFI

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Syahrizal Syahrizal

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The work of an anthropologist or ethnographer can not be separated from the process of description and explanation. This task can be regarded as the final stage of the task of an anthropologist in the research process. The research report is directly related to the description and explanation. Descriptions are the defining descriptive research findings, in conformity with the purpose of research in terms of how. While the explanation is an explanation of the phenomenon in the sense why. Descriptions and explanations can be separate, but both are inextricably linked, a researcher can give  only a descriptive overview of the research results but can not without any explanatory description. A only descriptive study of  fact can not be said scientific, because research must be able to explain why of the phenomenon. This article discusses how the description of the form of social life is running, and then explain why that phenomenon occurs. Making the transition from what to why it is a dilemma, but for ethnographers available resources to make it easier to detect and appreciate supported by the description. Explanation can be identified as a causal explanation and theoretical explanation. Phenomena become clear causal explanation based on the relationship associations of the facts found in the field. While the theoretical explanation is based upon the theory of explanation also means perspective. As Geertz their explanations by theoretical espoused ie interpretive explanation.

Evaluation of spheno-occipital synchondrosis: A review of literature and considerations from forensic anthropologic point of view

Science.gov (United States)

Krishan, Kewal; Kanchan, Tanuj

2013-01-01

Cranial sutures and synchondrosis have long been studied by forensic scientists, human anatomists, and anthropologists for estimation of age in different population groups. Observation of the closure of spheno-occipital synchondrosis has an important role to play in the estimation of age in the examination of unknown human remains when a skull is brought for examination. The present article reviews the studies conducted on the closure of spheno-occipital synchondrosis and presents a few valuable considerations that would be essential for carrying out research related to closure of spheno-occipital synchondrosis in humans. PMID:24255553

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Complexity: Migratory Decisions of Iranians in Vienna

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Julia Czarnowski

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Iranians have come to Austria for a multitude of stated reasons. Within this paper the two authors follow their Iranian migrant interviewees' reasoning with two very different styles of analysis, each steaming from a particular scientific background. While Sociologist FLIEGENSCHNEE emphasizes schematic groupings with reference to push and pull factors, for Cultural Anthropologist CZARNOWSKI the interwovenness/interaction of these factors is more important. Together both develop a specific methodology of how to approach interview analysis with regard to migratory decision-making. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090396

Toward a critical anthropology on the impact of global warming on health and human societies.

Science.gov (United States)

Baer, Hans A

2008-01-01

This op-ed essay urges medical anthropologists to join a growing number of public health scholars to examine the impact of global warming on health. Adopting a critical medical anthropology perspective, I argue that global warming is yet another manifestation of the contradictions of the capitalist world system. Ultimately, an serious effort to mitigate the impact of global warming not only on health but also settlement patterns and subsistence will require the creation of a new global political economy based upon social parity, democratic processes, and environmental sustainability.

Friedrich Nietzsche in Rene Girard’s Thought

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Pablo Ruiz Lozano

2014-12-01

Full Text Available René Girard is an anthropologist, who has proposed an original hypothesis about the scapegoat mechanism and the relation between violence and religion. Starting from it he intends to work out a criticism of modernity, seeking out to recuperate the role of Christianity in the culture. From this perspective, he approaches the work of F. Nietzsche showing the two faces he finds out in the thinker: his intuition about the hidden truth of violence; and his rejection of this truth, to return to the violent origins of culture.

Comparative Nivkh Dictionary

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fortescue, Michael David

This dictionary undertakes to reconstruct the lexis and morphology of the Nivkh proto-language by marshaling and organizing all the data available in published form on the contemporary dialects. It builds upon a considerable body of descriptive and comparative work carried out by scholars who have...... World is a subject of continuing interest to both linguists and anthropologists. The dictionary does not address this question directly. Reconstructing the proto-language is an essential step, however, to any further comparative work – in particular to sorting out the relationship between Nivkh...

Cane River: the archaeology of “free people of colour” in colonial Louisiana

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Kevin MacDonald

2002-10-01

Full Text Available The overseas dispersal and subsequent history of people of African descent – the African diaspora – has attracted much interest in recent decades from anthropologists, archaeologists and historians, particularly in the USA. But such studies have seldom been undertaken by archaeologists with experience of West Africa and its material culture. In a new project on the African heritage in colonial Louisiana, members of the Institute are collaborating with American colleagues to combine expertise on cultural contacts in the Americas between Native Americans, Africans and European colonists.

«Anthropomorphism» as a Source of Religious Representations: in History and Nowadays

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D. HORYEVOY

2016-10-01

Full Text Available In the present article the author discusses the varieties of the anthropomorphic theory of the origin of religion which arose at different times in different intellectual traditions. He analyzes the terminology of the concepts and provides an overview of critical opinions. The key phenomena in the theory under consideration are: anthropomorphism, animism and animatism. The article analyzes the conceptions of the philosophers Xenophanes and Feuerbach, of the British anthropologist E. B. Taylor, of the representatives of the anthropological school in Russia and of the modern cognitive science of religion.

The distribution of cultural and biological diversity in Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moore, Joslin L; Manne, Lisa; Brooks, Thomas

2002-01-01

Anthropologists, biologists and linguists have all noted an apparent coincidence in species diversity and human cultural or linguistic diversity. We present, to our knowledge, one of the first quantitative descriptions of this coincidence and show that, for 2 degrees x 2 degrees grid cells across...... sub-Saharan Africa, cultural diversity and vertebrate species diversity exhibit marked similarities in their overall distribution. In addition, we show that 71% of the observed variation in species richness and 36% in language richness can be explained on the basis of environmental factors, suggesting...

Collaborative form(s)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gunn, Wendy

anthropology engages groups of people within collaborative, interdisciplinary, inter-organizational design processes and co-analytic activities vs. the individual anthropologist conducting studies of people. In doing anthropology by means of design as Gatt and Ingold (2013) have shown, design is considered...... the process of research rather than its object. In its temporal orientation, anthropology by means of design moves, ‘…forward with people in tandem with their desires and aspirations rather than going back over times passed’ (ibid 2013: 141). Doing design by means of anthropology takes as its most fundamental...

Stitching together the heterogenous party

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blok, Anders; Carlsen, Hjalmar Alexander Bang; Jørgensen, Tobias Bornakke

2017-01-01

The era of ‘big data’ studies and computational social science has recently given rise to a number of realignments within and beyond the social sciences, where otherwise distinct data formats – digital, numerical, ethnographic, visual, etc. – rub off and emerge from one another in new ways....... This article chronicles the collaboration between a team of anthropologists and sociologists, who worked together for one week in an experimental attempt to combine ‘big’ transactional and ‘small’ ethnographic data formats. Our collaboration is part of a larger cross-disciplinary project carried out...

Interview with Claudia Roden

OpenAIRE

Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín

2016-01-01

Claudia Roden is an award winning cookbook writer and cultural anthropologist based in the United Kingdom. She is co-chair with Paul Levy of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery. She was born in 1936 in Cairo, Egypt. After completing her formal education in Paris, she moved to London to study at Saint Martin's School of Art. She began her career as a painter, but soon realised following the Suez Crisis that the Jewish food culture of Egypt was disappearing which led her to begin her study...

Diacronía y miradas cruzadas en torno a las representaciones de lo masculino en la pornografía gay entre 1980 y 2015

OpenAIRE

Haderbache Bernárdez, Ahmed

2016-01-01

Gay porn is one of the gay masculine foundation. Gays take on their porn consumption as specialists or as simple spectators. Actors like Aiden Shaw, Francois Sagat, Martín Mazza or more recently Colby Keller -the sex worker and anthropologist- have become authentic myths. A part of the gay magazines (e.g. Advocate, Têtu or Shangay) are dedicated to that kind of innovation. However, talking about gay porn leads us to think of how the society has evolved and of the changes the LGBTQ have gone t...

History In and For Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Otto, Ton

2016-01-01

This article addresses the aspect of historicity in design. Following the leads of designers and design historians and inspired by the philosophy of G. H. Mead, it argues that design includes not only an orientation towards future change, but also an imagery and narration of the past. This aspect...... of historicity establishes both a motivation for change and evokes the agentive identities that can act to achieve the desired change. By analysing three cases of innovative cultural performances, involving intentional cultural change, the article also aims to show how anthropologists can make a critical...

News on the Jorá (Tupí-Guaraní): sociolinguistics, description, and classification

OpenAIRE

Danielsen, Swintha; Gasparini, Noé

2015-01-01

With 45 languages, the Tupí family is one of South America's largest families. However, several gaps still remain. Some languages are already extinct and there are others for which data can no longer be collected. The situation of Jorá has reached this point. This article aims to summarize all data concerning the Jorá people and their language, parts of which were collected by the anthropologists Hanke (1959) and Béghin (1980) and other parts by the authors. On the basis of sparse data from s...

مناهج وتقنيات البحث الأنثروبولوجي في موضوع أسماء الأعلام L'anthroponymie

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مختار رحاب

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article outlines the techniques and methods used by anthropologists in their studyconcerning proper names, highlighting the most important developments taking place in this area. Proper nouns are culture-bound and vary from one society to another, and the names of people as part of the culture of the society are subject to adjustment and change in the framework of the process of social and cultural change experienced by the native culture. Other environmental, economic, social and class differences factors also contribute in determining the quality of the names within the society

Bringing political ecology into critical medical anthropology: a challenge to biocultural approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Baer, H A

1996-12-01

This essay presents an effort to incorporate the "environment" into critical medical anthropology. Rather than relying upon the multifactorial approach characteristic of medical ecology or biocultural approaches in medical anthropology, it urges critical medical anthropologists to turn to the burgeoning literature on eco-Marxism, eco-socialism, or political ecology in their efforts to develop a political ecology of health. Given that political ecologists generally advocate democratic eco-socialism as a meaningful alternative to the capitalist world system, this essay also presents a critical examination of the environmental record of post-revolutionary societies.

Graduation in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Warburg, Margit

2009-01-01

all the characteristics of a rite of passage. The graduates wear a traditional cap with a cross as cockade emblem; this special cross is a symbol of Denmark. For graduates of non-Christian background, alternative cockade emblems are available, e.g. a Star of David or a crescent; this shows...... that the cross emblem is also perceived as a Christian symbol. Social anthropologists Sally Moore and Barbara Myerhoff have suggested a scheme of the categories of religious versus scared for analysing secular rituals where religious symbols are sometimes exhibited. The applicability of their approach...

Conference on renewable energies integration to power grids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laffaille, Didier; Bischoff, Torsten; Merkel, Marcus; Rohrig, Kurt; Glatigny, Alain; Quitmann, Eckard; Lehec, Guillaume; Teirlynck, Thierry; Stahl, Oliver

2014-01-01

The French-German office for Renewable energies (OFAEnR) organised a conference on renewable energies integration to power grids. In the framework of this French-German exchange of experience, more than 150 participants exchanged views on the perspectives and possible solutions of this integration in order to warrant the security of supplies and the grid stability in a context of increasing injection and decentralization of renewable power sources. This document brings together the available presentations (slides) made during this event: 1 - French distribution grids - Overview and perspectives (Didier Laffaille); 2 - Distribution Grids in Germany - Overview and Perspective (Torsten Bischoff); 3 - Integration of renewable energies into distribution grids - a case example from Germany (Marcus Merkel); 4 - Regeneratives Kombikraftwerk Deutschland: System Services with 100 % Renewable energies (Kurt Rohrig); 5 - Overview of the different grid instrumentation-control and automation tools (Alain Glatigny); 6 - Which Ancillary Services needs the Power System? The contribution from Wind Power Plants (Eckard Quitmann); 7 - The Flexibility Aggregator - the example of the GreenLys Project (Guillaume Lehec); 8 - Energy Pool - Providing flexibility to the electric system. Consumption cut-off solutions in France (Thierry Teirlynck); 9 - Demand Response experiences from Germany (Oliver Stahl)

7 July 2011 - Members of the Swiss Federal Council (front row) in front of the Globe of Science and Innovation.

CERN Multimedia

Maximilien Brice

2011-01-01

CERN-HI-1107166 01 1er rang: La chancelière Corina Casanova, le conseiller fédéral Johann N. Schneider-Ammann, le conseiller fédéral Ueli Maurer, la conseillère fédérale Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, la conseillère fédérale Simonetta Sommaruga, la Présidente de la Confédération Micheline Calmy-Rey, le Directeur général du CERN Rolf Heuer, la conseillère fédérale Doris Leuthard, le conseiller fédéral Didier Burkhalter. 2è rang: Le vice-chancelier André Simonazzi , le vice-chancelier Thomas Helbling, la chef des relations internationales Felicitas Pauss, le directeur de la recherche et du calcul scientifique Sergio Bertolucci. 3è rang: Les scientifiques suisses: Ulrich Straumann (LHCb, Zürich et délégué suisse au Conseil du CERN), Rainer Wallny (CMS, ETHZ), Günther Dissertori (CMS, ETHZ), Antonio Ereditato (ATLAS, Bern), Tatsuya Nakada (LHCb, EPFL), Olivier Schneider (LHCb, EPFL), Martin Pohl (ATLAS, Genève), Vincenzo Chiochia (CM, Zürich), Giuseppe Iacobucci (ATLAS, Genève), le C...

Concevoir des robots pour développer la créativité des élèves ?

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John Didier

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Cet article propose un ensemble de stratégies visant à développer la créativité des élèves dans le domaine de la conception technique en activités créatrices et manuelles (ACM. Plusieurs disciplines sont convoquées afin de provoquer une démarche interdisciplinaire intégrant le français, le design d'objets (robots et la programmation informatique. Le modèle théorique de John Didier et Denis Leuba resituant l'objet produit dans un processus de socialisation, permet d'intégrer l'objet technique dans un cadre plus large, en l'occurrence ses multiples usages sociaux possibles. Dans l'expérimentation analysée, le robot devient un élément d'un processus de communication aboutissant dans la réalisation d'une pièce de théâtre. L'objet technique n'est plus ainsi réduit à un artefact matériel, mais il devient instrument de communication de sens, en d'autres termes, il devient en quelque sorte un média.

Youth plus experience: the discovery of 51 Pegasi b

Science.gov (United States)

Cenadelli, Davide; Bernagozzi, Andrea

2015-12-01

In 1995, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced they discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first planet ever found around a star other than the Sun. This discovery turned out to be a milestone of recent astronomy, as it opened up a new field of research that is growing impressively these days. However, 51 Pegasi b has surprising properties as compared to the planets of the Solar System, as it is a giant planet on a very close-in orbit around its parent star. Hence, its discovery was unexpected and its actual existence did not go unchallenged. In the following years, a passionate debate sprang up, and finally astronomers accepted it, but at the price of a deep revision of our understanding of how planetary systems are formed and evolve. In the present paper, we reconstruct the dynamics of the discovery of 51 Pegasi b and the first exoplanets, the quarrel that arose among astronomers and the final acceptance of the existence of planets with unexpected characteristics. This remarkable story is recounted by means of published literature as well as interviews with several of its main protagonists.

New perspectives in forensic anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Dirkmaat, Dennis C; Cabo, Luis L; Ousley, Stephen D; Symes, Steven A

2008-01-01

A critical review of the conceptual and practical evolution of forensic anthropology during the last two decades serves to identify two key external factors and four tightly inter-related internal methodological advances that have significantly affected the discipline. These key developments have not only altered the current practice of forensic anthropology, but also its goals, objectives, scope, and definition. The development of DNA analysis techniques served to undermine the classic role of forensic anthropology as a field almost exclusively focused on victim identification. The introduction of the Daubert criteria in the courtroom presentation of scientific testimony accompanied the development of new human comparative samples and tools for data analysis and sharing, resulting in a vastly enhanced role for quantitative methods in human skeletal analysis. Additionally, new questions asked of forensic anthropologists, beyond identity, required sound scientific bases and expanded the scope of the field. This environment favored the incipient development of the interrelated fields of forensic taphonomy, forensic archaeology, and forensic trauma analysis, fields concerned with the reconstruction of events surrounding death. Far from representing the mere addition of new methodological techniques, these disciplines (especially, forensic taphonomy) provide forensic anthropology with a new conceptual framework, which is broader, deeper, and more solidly entrenched in the natural sciences. It is argued that this new framework represents a true paradigm shift, as it modifies not only the way in which classic forensic anthropological questions are answered, but also the goals and tasks of forensic anthropologists, and their perception of what can be considered a legitimate question or problem to be answered within the field.

Terror management after a recent suicide att empt

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Sergey N. Enikolopov

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Suicide is a controversial phenomenon that people of different cultures and evenof different epochs have had difficulty naming. It used to be an enduring themeof many medical, psychological, philosophical, and moralistic discussions. It is aparadoxical act of ultimate self-destruction, a flight from life to death. To commitsuicide is to overcome the fear of personal death and to make a step into nothingness.Such a desperately brave deed requires an abandonment of one’s sense ofimmortality, which we all have, a change of values and worldviews. But if one’ssuicide attempt proves unsuccessful, the question becomes how to explain to oneselfand others one’s recent act of self-violence. To discover these explanations, weconducted a study of 319 people, ranging in age from 18 to 25; they were all eitherstudents (n = 156 or patients in an emergency toxicology ward (people who hadattempted to poison themselves, n = 163. This article summarizes theories of suicidalbehavior and of the fear of death together with the ideas of cultural anthropologistE. Becker on these matters and puts suicide into the terror-managementperspective. The suicidal act is viewed as a mortality salience, and the hypothesisis that people who deny their recent suicide attempt (n = 33 and who have one (n= 95 or several (n = 35 suicide attempts in their personal history exhibit differentterror-management patterns in comparison with each other and with the controlgroup. They fall back on different resources with various degrees of effectiveness.Implications of these results for understanding suicidal and postsuicidal behaviorare discussed and suggestions for rehabilitation are made.

Race, populations, and genomics: Africa as laboratory.

Science.gov (United States)

Braun, Lundy; Hammonds, Evelynn

2008-11-01

Much of the recent debate over race, genetics, and health has focused on the extent to which typological notions of race have biological meaning. Less attention, however, has been paid to the assumptions about the nature of "populations" that both inform contemporary biological and medical research and that underlie the concept of race. Focusing specifically on Africa in the 1930s and 1940s, this paper explores the history of how fluid societies were transformed into bounded units amenable to scientific analysis. In the so-called "Golden Age of Ethnography," university-trained social anthropologists, primarily from Britain and South Africa, took to the field to systematically study, organize, and order the world's diverse peoples. Intent on creating a scientific methodology of neutral observation, they replaced amateur travelers, traders, colonial administrators, and missionaries as authoritative knowledge producers about the customs, beliefs, and languages of indigenous peoples. At the same time, linguists were engaged in unifying African languages and mapping language onto primordial "tribal" territories. We argue that the notion of populations or "tribes" as discrete units suitable for scientific sampling and classification emerged in the 1930s and 1940s with the ethnographic turn in social anthropology and the professionalization and institutionalization of linguistics in Western and South African universities. Once named and entered into international atlases and databases by anthropologists in the U.S., the existence of populations as bounded entities became self-evident, thus setting the stage for their use in large-scale population genetic studies and the contemporary reinvigoration of broad claims of difference based on population identification.

Translation, Adaptation or Amputation? Arctic Explorer-Writer-Anthropologist Peter Freuchen's Little-Known Danish Translation of Moby Dick

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klitgård, Ida

2015-01-01

. The translation was made by the internationally famous Arctic explorer and writer Peter Freuchen, and his version of the novel has been so drastically cut down to the bare skeleton of the plot that we may speak of amputation rather than adaptation. The result is a so-called real “man’s book”, as is pronounced...

DaMatta and Ribeiro: Similarities and differences in translation into english of terms and expression of anthropology subarea in the works Carnivals, Rogues and Heroes and The Brazilian People

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Talita Serpa

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study analyses the translation process into English of terms and expressions in the works written respectively by the anthropologists Roberto Da Matta and Darcy Ribeiro and in their respective translation. Our research project draws on Corpus-Based Translation Studies (Baker, 1995, 1996, 2000; Camargo, 2007, Corpus Linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2004 and on some concepts of Terminology (Barros, 2004. Results show that terms do not present univocity within the language related to Brazilian Anthropology.The translated terms also reflect a cultural change due to the options chosen by the respective translators for the target language.

Liminality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomassen, Bjørn

In this paper I argue that the very notion of crisis – in its social, political and economic dimensions – can best be captured with a term developed by anthropologists in their comparative study of ritual forms: liminality. Liminality was first introduced into the social sciences by the French...... thinker, Arnold van Gennep, in his 1909 publication, Rites of Passage. Liminality derives from the Latin limen and literally concerns the experience of standing at a threshold, forced to make choices, but with no background structures from where to do so. Liminality denotes a situation where human beings...

Diarios de campo extranjeros y diarios de campo nacionales. Indiferencias de José Pérez de Barradas y de Gregorio Hernández de Alba en Tierradrento y San Agustín.

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Carl Henrik Langebaek Rueda

2010-07-01

Full Text Available This article compares the feld experience of two archaeologists and anthropologists who worked in colombia in the thirties of the twentieth century. The practices of professional exercise are discussed from the feld logs of spanish national José Pérez de barradas and colombian gregorio hernández de alba. this comparison serves to put the work of the foreigner and the colombian into perspective in relation with the construction of professional discipline, the image of nature and the indigenous, as well as the tension between the “nationalist” proposal and criticism of it by foreigners.

Women are body: feminist reflections

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Luisa Posada Kubissa

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the conception of the body paying particular attention to how it has been associated with the feminine. Starting from a revision of theories on the body as a social construction, as argued by Foucault, Bourdieu or Butler, the text highlights the current work of Spanish anthropologist Mari Luz Esteban. Having her work as a starting point, our proposal is to vindicate the female body, neither as essence nor as pure construction, but as a practice that allows us to think of it excluded from “commercial circulation” or dominationties.

Interdisciplinaridade e suas práticas em documentos de "avaliação e perspectivas" do CNPq 1978, 1982

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Samuel Sá

1987-09-01

Full Text Available In two parts, this paper deals with the theme in interdisicplinarity and its place both in programs of higher education and services as well as in the frame of health related disciplines. The first part sums up an agenda far-research of the topic. The second part advances a step further and points to the use of an interdisciplinary approach within health programs of teaching and researching: basic data were taken from secondary sources "Avaliação e Perspectivas " (CNPq - 1979 and 1982. As an anthropologist, the author looks for a social anthropoloyg-land".

Mural painting or the art of decorating homes. The symbolic function of the Ndebele painting. (South Africa

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Eliana Sofía Botero Medina

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The Southern Ndebele, who inhabit the Transvaal province of South Africa, awakened throughout the twentieth century the interest of anthropologists, architects, photographers and tourists due to the colorful costumes of women and also the wall paintings that decorated the facades of their houses: This community stood out from their neighbors, thanks to the originality of its murals. Designed with bright, colorful and strictly symmetric geometric patterns, these murals turned into a cultural tradition through which the Ndebele people managed to develop a sense of identity and belonging, despite the displacements, which they were victims of throughout history.

A nação pela pluma. Natureza e sociedade no Museu do Índio(Rio de Janeiro, 1953-1957

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Paulo Henrique Martinez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The political history of the Museu do Índio, founded in 1953 in Rio de Janeiro under the institutional guiding of the anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro, enables to establish some social relations with elements of nature in Brazil. The study of the initial moment of the constitution of this cultural heritage, its history and the disputes it begot, even in memory, starts from the notion of "deceptive coherence" of a generation of ethnologists, intellectuals and of the military and the Brazilian National State policies in the 50s. The consulted sources and documentation are journalistic, bibliographic and archivistic.

ETHNOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO EFL/ESL RESEARCH

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Nikolaus Pasassung

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This article shows that ethnography, as an approach, is a very useful tool to be applied in research attempting a good understanding of EFL/ESL classrooms. With reference to work done by anthropologists and classroom researchers, the pre- sent article argues that education, including EFL/ESL classrooms, can be well un- derstood by using ethnographic  approaches.  This is done by elaborating  the rele- vance of ethnography and the classroom context in the sense that ethnographic prin- ciples are applicable in describing and understanding the culture of a classroom, and EFL/ESL teaching in particular.

Karoly Kerenyi: An Unwilling Emigrant into European Classical Scholarship (translated by Matej Petrič

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Cornelia Isler-Kerényi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Karoly Kerenyi (1897–1973 had studied classical philology in Budapest and in Germany. He was professor in Pécs between 1934 and 1941, and in Szeged between 1941 and 1943. After his first official visit to Switzerland in 1943, he was prevented from returning first by the war and then by the Communist regime, which was established in Hungary in 1947. His research and publications on Greek mythology and other topics established his reputation in Europe, but this cultural anthropologist of the classical world nonetheless remained something of an outsider within the academic field of classical philology.

Levi-Strauss, Claude (1908-2009)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bouchet, Dominique

2015-01-01

Before Lévi-Strauss, anthropology was merely empirical and mostly interested in identifying different cultures’ contextual framework. Lévi-Strauss is not just interested in understanding and explaining different cultures from within. He wants to figure out how humans think fundamentally and from...... there to understand cultural diversity. Lévi-Strauss is the first anthropologist to connect cultural diversity with the unity of humans, that is to say, with human nature. All humans do not think the same, neither do they unite in the same way, but they compose in the same way. They have the same propensity to create...

Anthropology and the Theory of Drama

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Radmila Nastić

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The paper is an attempt at a systematic account of the history of influences between anthropology and the theory of drama in the twentieth century. The starting point is the definition of drama as a mimesis of the movement towards self-knowledge as rebirth. It is described as a variation of the original spring dance in honour of the regeneration of life represented in the figure of the twice-born Dionysus. Anthropologists whose contribution to the theory of drama has been acknowledged are Jane Harrison, Gilbert Murray, Arnold Van Genep, Joseph Campbell and Victor Turner.

Ana Maria Lorandi and the Ethnohistory's train

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Alejandra Ramos

2017-03-01

Full Text Available In 2016 it was celebrated eighty years of the Dra. Ana María Lorandi, who dedicated over fifty years to academic research. This finds as active as ever, working on new projects and following the new generations of anthropologists interested in Ethnohistory. In writing this article, we think of honoring it by examining its contribution through three forms of action that she developed prominently: management, research and insertion into transnational networks. Throughout the text we proposed to recover his voice, trying to incorporate his vision of the history of scientific development in which played a key role.

L’impatto umano dell’Urban renewal: antropologia come risposta a un malessere urbano - The social impact of urban renewal: anthropology as an answer to an urban unease

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Stefano Portelli

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Retracing the contemporary history of a peripheral neighbourhood of Barcelona undergoing a process of complete demolition, the author reflects on the “structural homology” between the spatial configuration and the social order, a complexity that ethnography is able to capture and share with planners and other professionals. Repensar Bonpastor is a multidisciplinary device with which an independent group of architects, urban planners and anthropologists faced the difficulties of elaborating a collective alternative to the demolitions and forced evictions that are disrupting the social life of this stigmatized neighbourhood, through socializing the difficulties of the inhabitants with a wider community.

Why all anthropology should be called techno-anthropology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Birkbak, Andreas

2013-01-01

This chapter argues that if we follow a pragmatist understanding of humans and technologies, there is no reason to keep these phenomena strongly separated. The suggestion that all anthropology should be called techno-anthropology might provoke some readers, but it is first and foremost intended...... of such efforts, namely Sherry Turkle’s recent work on care robots and other new technologies that mediate human relationships. I move on to suggest that with Latour’s notion of delegation, such mediation appears less alien. In order to develop further the consequences of Latour’s techno-anthropologist moves, I...

Functional categories in comparative linguistics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rijkhoff, Jan

, Roger M. 1979. Linguistic knowledge and cultural knowledge: some doubts and speculation. American Anthropologist 81-1, 14-36. Levinson, Stephen C. 1997. From outer to inner space: linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking. In J. Nuyts and E. Pederson (eds.), Language and Conceptualization, 13......). Furthermore certain ‘ontological categories’ are language-specific (Malt 1995). For example, speakers of Kalam (New Guinea) do not classify the cassowary as a bird, because they believe it has a mythical kinship relation with humans (Bulmer 1967).       In this talk I will discuss the role of functional...

The contribution of I. I. Tegako to anthropology of Belarus

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Hurbo Tatyana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available L.I. Tegako started her studies of anthropology in the middle of 1960s when she received her research degree. The scope of her scientific interest included odontology and dermatoglyphics. For more than 40 years L.I. Tegako was a permanent supervisor of the group and later of the Anthropology department. From the beginning of 1970s Belarusian anthropologists started conducting complex anthropologic studies of the adult population of the republic in various parts of the country (anthropometry, anthroposcopy, dermatoglyphics, blood group factor. Comprehensive approach became the basis for studies of anthropogenic variety of local population on the territory of Belarus. In 1998 the team of anthropologists supervised by L.I. Tegako won a State Prize of the Republic of Belarus for the scope of work on the topic 'Person and his biocultural adaptation'. In 2000s the scope of L.I. Tegako's scientific interest included the determination of intersystemic correlations between dermatoglyphical and psychosomatic characteristics. During her academic career, L.I. Tegako published 17 monographs, 6 study guides, 11 brochures and 209 research papers. Lidiya Ivanovna worked at leading universities in the country; she had 7 students who completed PhD thesis. Since 1999 she worked as a professor of biology. L.I. Tegako deserves a credit for the organization of anthropological conferences in Minsk. She devoted a lot of attention to the international cooperation. As a result, L.I. Tegako contributed to the establishment of stable scientific and friendly ties with Serbian colleagues: Institute of History of the NAS of Belarus and Matica Srpska made a partnership agreement. This includes exchange of experience, scientific works, and realization of joint projects.

The mirror effect: sex, gender, and care in the professional trajectories and moral and labor hierarchies of anthropology in Colombia

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Marta Zambrano Escovar

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This article examines how gender, sex, and care work have shaped the professional practices and labor careers of several cohorts of anthropologists who obtained their undergraduate degree from Universidad Nacional de Colombia between 1985 and 2010. Our findings draw on a qualitative research project that combined ethnographic, biographical, and historical approaches. We conducted  35 interviews (34 in-depth interviews and one group interview with eighteen women and nineteen men, who fulfilled the following criteria of  a conceptual sample: three graduation periods (1985-1991; 1992-2005; and 2006-2010, place of birth, socioeconomic status, sex, generation, age, marital status, and field of professional practice. We analyze the ways in which the obligations assumed by our interviewees with their parents, relatives, and offspring, and with their own self-care, have led them to interrupt their training or delay their graduation. We also explore how these kinship duties have resulted in differing and gender-biased work options and employment histories for men and women. We argue that both gender representations and practices of professional and applied anthropology and of science and technology have conditioned the asymmetrical careers of these anthropologists, as well as those of their peers. This paper explores, in addition, how their work histories have also been marked by unsatisfactory and often precarious work and employment conditions. Finally, we purport that an intersectional analysis of gender, ethics of care, and care work contributes to the understanding of Colombian anthropology´s distinct  practices and orientations. We support this argument by analyzing the peer culture that invigorates this discipline and fuels confrontation between the labor and moral hierarchies that govern its professional and applied fields.

La infancia contemporánea

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Miguel Ángel Gómez-Mendoza

2014-05-01

Full Text Available We present the analytical results of the consultation of a representative documentary “corpus” from the social research about the current status of the studies on childhood. The criteria to undertake the analysis and presentation of the results are: variety of social conceptions; historical origin and sociological perspective; the social experience of childhood; images or representations that society has thereof; the conflicting developments of children’s rights in terms of education and legal punishment; and the future of modern childhood as subject of the media. Historians, anthropologists, teachers, jurists and sociologists analyze the different systems of childhood representations constituted in time and space.

Anthropology, social change and the reconstruction of South African society1

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N. S. Jansen van Rensburg

1994-03-01

Full Text Available In this article it is argued that, since the abuse of anthropology in the colonial and apartheid eras, the responsive relationship between anthropology and society has been re-emphasised. In the reconstruction of South African society, therefore, anthropologists will not be allowed the luxury of evading their social responsibility. In their re-invention of anthropology as a humane science, and the reiteration of their commitment to accountability and relevance, these scientists ought to build their discipline upon the investigation of the major consequences of differential power and inequality. This could be helpful in creating new forms of co-existence in South Africa

ANTROPOLOGÍA OPERATIVA / OPERATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY

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Javier de Carlos Izquierdo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Year 53 BC, Julius Caesar had some problems in his campaign in Gaul. The great campaigns and conquest operations were finished and in that moment there were only peace operations. Roman politicians and people of Rome were opposed to war spending. Therefore, Julius Caesar wrote his Book VII of the Gallic Wars. He described the military operations at 53 BC with detailed ethnographic aspects of the conquered people. Julius Caesar used ethnography for its own benefit. Recently the use of anthropologists in Iraq and Afghanistan by the army of the United States has been very controversial. This paper analyzes this fact and its meaning.

Gods, Germs, and Petri Dishes: Toward a Nonsecular Medical Anthropology.

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Roberts, Elizabeth F S

2016-01-01

This commentary calls on medical anthropology to become programmatically non-secular. Despite recent anthropological critiques of secularity, within and outside of anthropology, most contemporary medical anthropologists continue to leave deities and religiosity out of their examinations of healing practices, especially in their accounts of biomedicine. Through a critical, relational constructionist lens, which traces how all entities are both constructed and real, a non-secular medical anthropology would insist that when deities are part of medical practice, they are integral to analysis. Importantly then, within the symmetrical nature of this same constructionist lens, biomedical entities like germs and petri dishes need to be accounted for just as much as deities.

Making “Uirapuru”: a musical quest in the Brazilian Rain Forest

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Sam Zebba

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Sixty years ago the author, an Israeli film student at the University of California, Los Angeles, set out to make a film based on a Brazilian Indian legend which had been set to music by Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959. Filming was carried out among Urubú-Ka’apor Indians in the state of Maranhão. In Belém, capital of Pará, he was joined by German anthropologist Peter Paul Hilbert (1914-1989 of the Goeldi Museum on an adventurous and creative expedition, culminating in a prize-winning art-documentary film and a life-long friendship between the two.

Doing Research in a Conflict Situation Encounters and Experiences

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Suresh Dhakal

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Fieldwork, an anthropologist's vocation, is full of tensions and dilemmas. However, the experiences of any or all tensions, troubles and even failures are a 'source of ethnographic knowledge in themselves'. During the fieldwork for my PhD research, I encountered several such incidents, which have made my work more interesting and my experience richer. This article describes the situation of doing fieldwork in the conflict period, when the 'peace process' was not yet come to the conclusion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v8i0.10723Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 8, 2014; 87-98

Early Homo and the role of the genus in paleoanthropology.

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Villmoare, Brian

2018-01-01

The history of the discovery of early fossils attributed to the genus Homo has been contentious, with scholars disagreeing over the generic assignment of fossils proposed as members of our genus. In this manuscript I review the history of discovery and debate over early Homo and evaluate the various taxonomic hypotheses for the genus. To get a sense of how hominin taxonomy compares to taxonomic practice outside paleoanthropology, I compare the diversity of Homo to genera in other vertebrate clades. Finally, I propose a taxonomic model that hews closely to current models for hominin phylogeny and is consistent with taxonomic practice across evolutionary biology. © 2018 American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

Acupuncture Research: Strategies for Clinical Evaluation: Workshop Report, York, July 5–8, 2006

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Val Hopwood

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This report summarizes a ground-breaking workshop on the strategic direction of acupuncture research which was held in York in early July 2006. Three days were spent discussing the history, the philosophy and the practicalities of researching acupuncture. Attending the workshop were an international group of researchers with varied backgrounds, including acupuncturists, physicians, physiotherapists, sociologists and anthropologists. Supported by the Medical Research Council's Health Services Research Collaboration, Elsevier and others, this workshop was an opportunity to brainstorm the issues and to the concerns in the field and set out directions for research that would tackle some of the major challenges facing the acupuncture research community.

Nomadismos del decir: avatares de la identidad afroantillana en Así habló el tío de Jean Price-Mars y El reino de este mundo de Alejo Carpentier

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Julieta Novau

2007-09-01

Full Text Available This work compares convergent axes on Afroantillan culture displayed along So Spoke the Uncle (1928, by Haitian anthropologist Jean Price Mars, and The Kingdom of this World (1949, by Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier. Distinctive narrative mechanisms that turn popular characters into object of knowledge and representations of an African-rooted unique ethnic identity present in each text are focused. From this perspective, it is possible to analyze up to what extent a discursive stance of symbolic legitimation for African cultural traces presence in Cuba and Haiti end up in a resignifying process that tend to homogenize the Afro-Caribbean complex heterogeneity.

"Violent Intent Modeling: Incorporating Cultural Knowledge into the Analytical Process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Nibbs, Faith G.

2007-08-24

While culture has a significant effect on the appropriate interpretation of textual data, the incorporation of cultural considerations into data transformations has not been systematic. Recognizing that the successful prevention of terrorist activities could hinge on the knowledge of the subcultures, Anthropologist and DHS intern Faith Nibbs has been addressing the need to incorporate cultural knowledge into the analytical process. In this Brown Bag she will present how cultural ideology is being used to understand how the rhetoric of group leaders influences the likelihood of their constituents to engage in violent or radicalized behavior, and how violent intent modeling can benefit from understanding that process.

The quest for an absolute chronology in human prehistory: anthropologists, chemists and the fluorine dating method in palaeoanthropology.

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Goodrum, Matthew R; Olson, Cora

2009-03-01

By the early twentieth century there was a growing need within palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology to find a way of dating fossils and artefacts in order to know the age of specific specimens, but more importantly to establish an absolute chronology for human prehistory. The radiocarbon and potassium-argon dating methods revolutionized palaeoanthropology during the last half of the twentieth century. However, prior to the invention of these methods there were attempts to devise chemical means of dating fossil bone. Collaborations between Emile Rivière and Adolphe Carnot in the 1890s led to the development of the fluorine dating method, but it was not until the 1940s that this method was improved and widely implemented by Kenneth Oakley to resolve a number of problems in palaeoanthropology, including the Piltdown Man controversy. The invention of the fluorine dating method marked a significant advance in the quest for absolute dating in palaeoanthropology, but it also highlights interesting problems and issues relating to the ability of palaeoanthropologists and chemists to bring together different skills and bodies of knowledge in order successfully to develop and apply the fluorine dating method.

The relationship between diary and novel in "O amanuense Belmiro"

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Aliny Santos Justino

2012-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we develop the theoretical approach daily as part of the writing itself, according to the formulations of Philippe Lejeune (2008 and Béatrice Didier (1991. Thus, our main objective is to analyze the relationship between daily and memory in O amanuense Belmiro. Thus, exposing the characteristics that make up the structure and functioning of the diary will always lead to the establishment of specific manifestations of this relationship on the novel by Cyro dos Anjos. Initially, we analyze the relationship between the diary and the memories, once that the diary is presented for the narrator-character as a way of turning present situations into memory. Accordingly, we discuss the contrast between past and present that make up the Belmiro diary. Then, we will treat the diary as a way to isolate itself from the present – and here are included initial assumptions that characterize the diary and their training, in turn, favor the character's reflections on his past and present – where we will distinguish between those included in the diary and others who have a relationship with the narrative action. Finally, we will discuss the formulation of Maurice Blanchot (1987 to analyze the tense relationship between diary and novel in the construction of this novel.

Straight eye for the gay guy: composing queerness.

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Alexander, Jonathan

2010-01-01

Drawing on the work of Didier Eribon and his theorization of the construction of gay male subjectivity, this article examines different "texts," broadly defined, that grapple specifically with straight men attempting to represent male homosexuality: Norman Mailer's essay, "The Homosexual Villain"; the Bravo reality television series Boy Meets Boy, and Michael Griffith's short story, "Hooper Gets a Perm." These texts represent attempts by straight authors to grapple with queer experience in ways that move the imagination of queers beyond simple stereotypes or uncritical explorations of the sexual "other." In the process of examining these texts, the following questions are addressed: What happens when a straight man attempts to represent a gay man? Does he "get it right," and is such a question even useful? More specifically, what is the value in having straights imagine queerness? Is such an imagining possible? Is such desirable? And, if so, what are the contours of such an imagining-as well as its possibilities and limitations, pedagogically, personally, and politically? Ultimately, I contend that the straight imagining of queerness offers rich potential for mutual understanding; furthermore, attempting to understand what goes into the making of those representations tells us much about how queerness circulates in our culture as a subject, a figure of discussion, contention, and representation.

Les jachères longues pâturées dans les Andes. Acquis interdisciplinaires

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Dominique Hervé

2000-01-01

Full Text Available An interdisciplinary approach comes into view between the lines of this team investigation synthesis which deals with Andean fallow dynamics. lt questions agronomic and social sciences. An agronomistand a anthropologist, facing initial semantic difficulty to define fallow, gather their points of view concerning the same peasant community of Bolivian high plateau. This community is still functioning as the archetype of Andean communities. They challenge to explain why land has been fallowing during ten years since such a long time, and how collective management is changing. Firstly each research worker tries to answer within his proper scientific sphere. The agronomist checks more deeply some of the fallow functions: soil fertility restoration (quimical, biological and physical depending on fallow duration, the impact of long fallow on parasitism (Globodera pallida, Premnotrypes latithorax and fuelwood production. The best fallow duration is not ten years for every fallow functions. The combination of these functions may have changed in the past. The anthropologist studies history of land access and actual social representations. Interdisciplinary dialog occur between them, but reality looks to be more complex and quiet unpredictable as expecting specific fallow dynamics repeatly fail. Fallow duration looks not to change because this time is fix, cyclical; it represents the history and the memory of the community. What actually changes is the type of land access, from collective to private, and the desigual access to these types of land. It implies a new focus to on-farm management. We conclude that edafological constraints are not the only deterministicreason for long fallow duration. We teased out the different reasons, which are multiple, jerarquized and linked within a dynamic process, as threads are. It is the main goal of an interdisciplinary research.

DE LA IDENTIDAD FOLCLÓRICA A LA REIVINDICACIÓN DEL BUEN VIVIR

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Laura Collin Harguindeguy

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Si bien, prácticamente desde los albores de la disciplina, el relativismo cultural prescribía el respeto a las culturas otras, al menos desde hace cuatro décadas, con posterioridad a la reunión de Barbados, buena parte de los antropólogos hemos asumido, como parte de nuestra labor, la revalorización de las culturas étnicas. Esta tarea ha sido abordada tanto desde la academia como desde la antropología aplicada, con proyectos para el rescate del patrimonio cultural. Es más, en parte por nuestra labor, los propios pueblos indios tienden a identificar patrimonio cultural, cultura e identidad. En el artículo se argumenta en torno a la necesidad de superar esta visión folclórica de la cultura y la identidad, para transitar a la revaloración de las lógicas implícitas, como parece hacerlo la propuesta del buen vivir. FOLKLORIC IDENTITY AND RECLAIMING GOOD LIVING Cultural relativism has prescribed respect for other cultures practically since its beginning. In spite of this, at least since the last four decades, following the Barbados Meeting, a large number of anthropologists have taken on the revaluing of ethnic cultures as part of our work. Both academia and applied anthropology have approached this task with projects aiming to retrieve cultural heritage. Furthermore, it is in part due to our work as anthropologists that indigenous peoples have tended to identify cultural heritage, culture and identity. This article addresses the need to overcome a folkloric vision of culture and identity and thus move toward revaluing the implicit logic, as supported by the buen vivir ‘good living’ proposal.  

Estimation of Stature from Footprint Anthropometry Using Regression Analysis: A Study on the Bidayuh Population of East Malaysia

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T. Nataraja Moorthy

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The human foot has been studied for a variety of reasons, i.e., for forensic as well as non-forensic purposes by anatomists, forensic scientists, anthropologists, physicians, podiatrists, and numerous other groups. An aspect of human identification that has received scant attention from forensic anthropologists is the study of human feet and the footprints made by the feet. The present study, conducted during 2013-2014, aimed to derive population specific regression equations to estimate stature from the footprint anthropometry of indigenous adult Bidayuhs in the east of Malaysia. The study sample consisted of 480 bilateral footprints collected using a footprint kit from 240 Bidayuhs (120 males and 120 females, who consented to taking part in the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. Stature was measured using a portable body meter device (SECA model 206. The data were analyzed using PASW Statistics version 20. In this investigation, better results were obtained in terms of correlation coefficient (R between stature and various footprint measurements and regression analysis in estimating the stature. The (R values showed a positive and statistically significant (p < 0.001 relationship between the two parameters. The correlation coefficients in the pooled sample (0.861–0.882 were comparatively higher than those of an individual male (0.762-0.795 and female (0.722-0.765. This study provided regression equations to estimate stature from footprints in the Bidayuh population. The result showed that the regression equations without sex indicators performed significantly better than models with gender indications. The regression equations derived for a pooled sample can be used to estimate stature, even when the sex of the footprint is unknown, as in real crime scenes.

E l’utopia si rivelò... - And utopia revealed itself...

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Antonio Luigi Palmisano

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Financial economy reigns over the contemporary world and powerfully and overwhelmingly transforms organizations and social structures. It is about a world organized more geometrico – which is almost chorally constructed in successive phases that are analytically described in this article by the author – in which quantitative and mathematical relations go hand in hand with decision making devices which are highly verticalized and automatized: this new order is the order of the financial markets which, by now, sets itself up as the representative of the current rule of law. The language of measure and res extensa permeates the daily life of contemporary societies, modifies the actual languages in both their lexicon and syntax – through an outrageous exaltation of the subject-object relation – and establishes a factual consensus to this antique utopia which is finally realized. Everything that intends to escape the hegemony of the res extensa – above all persons, local and descent groups, societies – looks for space in the dominion of virtual reality where the social actor who tries to break free from the sole part of consumer and from the attribution of protocol identities. Anthropology is therefore called upon to elaborate a critical thought as a contribution to the foundation of a new res-man relationship and therefore also of a new man-man relationship in the context of an ongoing apocalypse. The duty of the anthropologist, as the author suggests, does not consists in the trivial although sophisticated practice of a tekhne anymore but rather reveals itself as the practice of testimony and demand for the right that every society should have to signify the axiological beginning of world eschatology. The duty of the anthropologist should then consist in the practice of a “different way to think” the history of man.

Womanism and Black Feminism in the Work of Carrie Mae Weems

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Christiane Stephens

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This article examines the liberatory aspects of Womanisn and Black Feminism in the work of artist Carrie Mae Weems.  Weems, artist and anthropologist creates artwork that highlights the issues of oppression and giving voice to worldwide issues.  Under the theoretical lens of Womanism, the article utilizes  Arts- Based -Educational Research (ABER, a non traidtional methodology, which aligns with Womanism to provide into past and present issues of liberation and equity. Womanism, Black women’s feminism, and ABER have the potential to bring issues of equity and social justice out of the academies and into the everyday world for those most in need of liberation.

The multiple meanings of ataques de nervios in the Latino community.

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Guarnaccia, P J; DeLaCancela, V; Carrillo, E

1989-05-01

Ataques de nervios ("attacks of nerves") have been discussed in the psychiatric and anthropological literature for over thirty years. The early psychiatric articles focused on the pathology expressed by the ataque. More recent articles by anthropologists and Latino mental health professionals have reconceptualized the ataque through understanding its cultural meaning and the social factors which provoke an ataque de nervios. This article is a contribution to this reinterpretation of the ataque de nervios among Latinos. Through a series of case studies, we argue that the ataque is an expression of anger and grief resulting from the disruption of family systems, the process of migration, and concerns about family members in peoples' countries of origin.

Unity through Culture

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2011-01-01

Ethnographic film, Moesgård Film, Royal Anthropological Institute (59 min, 2011) Soanin Kilangit is determined to unite the people and attract international tourism through the revival of culture on Baluan Island in the South Pacific. He organizes the largest cultural festival ever held on the is......Ethnographic film, Moesgård Film, Royal Anthropological Institute (59 min, 2011) Soanin Kilangit is determined to unite the people and attract international tourism through the revival of culture on Baluan Island in the South Pacific. He organizes the largest cultural festival ever held......, performance, identity, cultural politics, exchange, and the impact of the West on traditional societies.”  — Karen Stevenson, American Anthropologist, September 2012...

Forced Migration and Muslim Rituals: An Area of Cultural Psychology?

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Nora Ahlberg

1993-01-01

Full Text Available The psychological foundation of rites de passage have long been debated within the history of religion and related areas. The significance of such rites in facilitating emotional readjustment to a new life situation have been particularly stressed. Emotional reactions on the individual level largely remain outside the competence of anthropologists, despite their awareness of the general influence of culture on this as on other areas of human endeavour. Focusing on traumatized female refugees from Iran, a critical question is whether the changing living conditions which have provoked traumatic experiences in the lives of these refugees have been in any way related to Muslim ritual requirements or rites de passage.

Il campo dello sviluppo e le migrazioni contemporanee: analisi di un’esperienza di ricerca - The development field and contemporary migrations: focusing on a research experience

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Selenia Marabello

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The relationship between migration and development, mainly connotated in favourable terms, proposes with urgency migrants as development agents. They are defined as the new diasporas. Exploring a co-development project financed by the MIDA Ghana-Senegal Programme involving Ghanaian migrants in Modena (Italy, a retrospective analysis focuses on the research setting conditions and opportunities. As an anthropologist, the researcher was first involved as a consultant for the evaluation project implementation and subsequently continued the analysis within academic institutions. With the aim to illustrate the potentialities for applied anthropology, the author will look at the discrepancies and the circular nature of the ethnographic data production and elaboration within the two fieldwork experiences.

Emotion work, ethnography, and survival strategies on the streets of Yogyakarta.

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Stodulka, Thomas

2015-01-01

Anthropological research with street-related children, adolescents, and young adults raises epistemological, methodical, and ethical predicaments. In this article, I illustrate the advantages of an anthropology that acknowledges the ethnographer's emotions as valuable data when conducting research with marginalized communities. By drawing on my own experiences when conducting long-term fieldwork, I argue that systematic self-reflexivity and an emotionally aware epistemology enhance both the anthropologist's emotional literacy and his or her understanding of informants and interlocutors. The integration of the ethnographer's emotions in the analysis and interpretation of ethnographic data can assist in formulating anthropological theory, challenging the limits of traditional empiricism, and raising emotions to a category of epistemic value.

Exploitation or appreciation?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Groes, Christian

2016-01-01

is the power of female eroticism and how this power connects to kinship, gender dynamics, and moralities of exchange. Drawing on postcolonial feminist scholarship, I extend existing frameworks of analysis by addressing how curtidoras’ sexual–economic exchanges with men are never fully divorced from moral......In this article, I explore a particular category of young women within local systems of exchange as well as within a transnational urban landscape of intimate transactions. What curtidoras in Maputo elucidate and what anthropologists perhaps have not sufficiently understood about transactional sex...... obligations toward their female kin as well as characterized by diverging and converging moral economies in the intimate encounter between the younger women and older European men...

The Allison V. Armour / William Henry Holmes 1895 Expedition to Mexico

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Warren Haskin

2001-11-01

Full Text Available The foundation of the Field Museum's reputation as a place where serious science is practiced was laid by Allison V. Armour and William Henry Holmes in 1895, a little more than a year after the Museum was established. Looking back after a career of almost 60 years as an anthropologist, and having twice been honored as the outstanding practitioner in the field, Holmes described the trip to Mexico (the only expedition he led during his brief tenure as the Museum's first Curator of An­thropology as "one of the most gratifying and important events of my life." It was also one of the most important events in the history of anthropology at the Museum.

Communicating science: Reflections of an AGU public affairs intern

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Huth, Tyler

2012-10-01

This past summer, I read a biography of the geologist and anthropologist John Wesley Powell. Among his many important accomplishments, Powell was a legendary explorer of the then largely unknown American West, a leader in the founding of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its second director, and the founder of the Cosmos Club in Washington, D. C. He was a student of the Earth from an early age, fought and lost an arm for the Union during the Civil War, advanced to the rank of major, led the first successful expedition down the entirety of the Grand Canyon, and then spent the rest of his life coupling scientific knowledge with public policy.

A talk with academician SASA Petar Vlahović on his expert stay in PR China

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Vesna Vučinić-Nešković

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Academician Petar Vlahović, a retired professor at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy is the first, and up to now, only Serbian ethnologist/anthropologist who underwent professional development in the People’s Republic of China. In the period between November 1955 and December 1856 he stayed at the University of Beijing. This interview is dedicated to his stay in China as well as to the ways in which this experience was meaningful to his further development as a teacher and researcher in ethnology and anthropology at the University of Belgrade. The text is based on three interviews with academician Vlahović conducted in November and December 2012 and March 2014.

”FEMININE WRITING” - THE EVOLUTION OF A CONCEPT

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Mihaela BACALI

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The concept of “feminine writing” has caused much controversy in time. It appeared in France after the feminist movements in 1970, as a reaction to the lack of visibility of women writers, and it had three important stages. The first, temporally placed right after the events, whose spokeswoman was Hélène Cixous and was marked by her disputatious spirit. In the second stage, between the 80s and the 90s, a less troubled period, as the revolutionary enthusiasm decreased, the works of reference are those signed by Béatrice Didier and Christine Planté. A third stage is the one we are in at the moment – the stage from the beginning of the millennium – characterized by the fact that gender studies are more and more frequent and the efforts to reinstate a literature that has been ignored for a long time, as well as the concern to bring to the fore the literary femininity multiply. If in the period before the postmodernist era feminine literature had certain peculiarities due also to the social situation of women in a masculine society, nowadays the process of un-differentiation – a reflex of an equality that women gained with so much difficulty – is also manifested in the writing field.

Taste didactic reflection theory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wistoft, Karen; Qvortrup, Lars

and gastrophysicists), and social sciences (anthropologists) as well as educators (preschool, elementary, secondary and vocational schools, colleges and universities) and chefs. Through interdisciplinary research collaboration and communication we attempt to span the perceived chasm separating food-sensory science......, high schools and vocational educations. By integrating research, taste, learning, didactics and communication, our projects focus on three main areas: sensory sciences and didactics; gastrophysics and the integration of scientific disciplines; and innovation and honing of culinary skills. While we...... teach pupils, students and the broader public in educational institutions and festivals about and through taste, we also study their use of taste, taste preferences, and learning processes by gathering empirical data for anthropological, sensory and pedagogical research. At the conference, we wish...

Imaginative methodologies in the social sciences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Imaginative Methodologies develops, expands and challenges conventional social scientific methodology and language by way of literary, poetic and other alternative sources of inspiration. Sociologists, social workers, anthropologists, criminologists and psychologists all try to rethink, provoke...... and reignite social scientific methodology. Imaginative Methodologies challenges the mainstream social science methodological orthodoxy closely guarding the boundaries between the social sciences and the arts and humanities, pointing out that authors and artists are often engaged in projects parallel to those...... of the social sciences and vice versa, and that artistic and cultural productions today do not constitute a specialist field, but are integral to our social reality. The book will be of interest to scholars and students in the social sciences and across the arts and humanities working with questions...

Race, ethnicity, and racism in medical anthropology, 1977-2002.

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Gravlee, Clarence C; Sweet, Elizabeth

2008-03-01

Researchers across the health sciences are engaged in a vigorous debate over the role that the concepts of "race" and "ethnicity" play in health research and clinical practice. Here we contribute to that debate by examining how the concepts of race, ethnicity, and racism are used in medical-anthropological research. We present a content analysis of Medical Anthropology and Medical Anthropology Quarterly, based on a systematic random sample of empirical research articles (n = 283) published in these journals from 1977 to 2002. We identify both differences and similarities in the use of race, ethnicity, and racism concepts in medical anthropology and neighboring disciplines, and we offer recommendations for ways that medical anthropologists can contribute to the broader debate over racial and ethnic inequalities in health.

A new form of collaboration in cultural anthropology: Matsutake worlds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

T. K, Choy,; Tsing, Anna

2009-01-01

Experiments in collaboration open new investigative possibilities for cultural anthropologists. In this report, we use our research on matsutake mushrooms to show the promise of collaborative experiments for ethnographers of scale making, global connection, and human–nonhuman relations. Anna Tsing...... introduces. Mogu Mogu (Timothy Choy and Shiho Satsuka) argue that the mushroomic figure of mycorrhizal life illuminates workings of capital and power, nature and culture. Lieba Faier examines contingency—through the effect of weather and bugs on matsutake production—as a form of self-positioning that emerges...... from local understandings of connection. Michael Hathaway uses postcolonial science studies to examine the transnational production, flow, and transformation of scientific knowledge about matsutake. Miyako Inoue discusses the anthropological subject that emerges through the kind of collaboration...

Architectural Anthropology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stender, Marie

Architecture and anthropology have always had a common focus on dwelling, housing, urban life and spatial organisation. Current developments in both disciplines make it even more relevant to explore their boundaries and overlaps. Architects are inspired by anthropological insights and methods......, while recent material and spatial turns in anthropology have also brought an increasing interest in design, architecture and the built environment. Understanding the relationship between the social and the physical is at the heart of both disciplines, and they can obviously benefit from further...... collaboration: How can qualitative anthropological approaches contribute to contemporary architecture? And just as importantly: What can anthropologists learn from architects’ understanding of spatial and material surroundings? Recent theoretical developments in anthropology stress the role of materials...

Radiotherapy care experience: an anthropological study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoarau, H.; Hubert, A.; Kantor, G.; Dilhuydy, J.M.; Germain, C.; Barreau, C.; Dilhuydy, J.M.

2000-01-01

An anthropological study has been carried out in order to evaluate the need expressed by patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The study was mostly qualitative and based on the radiotherapy experiences of 13 women with breast cancer and six men with head and neck cancer. A 24-year-old female anthropologist spent one year in the department of radiotherapy at the Bergonie Institute in Bordeaux. She collected data on patients' needs through the observation of their experience of treatment and personal interviews. These were put in context, analyzed both by qualitative and quantitative methods. The results pointed out the need for more information on the different steps of treatment and the patient's need 'for a smile'front the medical team; in other words, emphatic support. (author)

From application to implication in medical anthropology: political, historical and narrative interpretations of the world of sickness and health.

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Nunes, Mônica de Oliveira

2014-01-01

This article reviews some of the current writing on medical anthropology, and is guided by political orientation/implication in the choice of its study targets, its analysis and its construction of solutions for the problems investigated. Starting from the narratives of anthropologists, it goes on to show the historical and socio-political bases characteristic of the subject in their countries of origin or migration. Within a general overview of the three principal contemporary trends - critical medical anthropology, the anthropology of suffering and the anthropology of biopower - the focus is on theoretical and thematic choices to meet the demand for "politicization" of the anthropological debate in the field of health, on the basis of which an "implied" medical anthropology is advocated.

The human hand as an inspiration for robot hand development

CERN Document Server

Santos, Veronica

2014-01-01

“The Human Hand as an Inspiration for Robot Hand Development” presents an edited collection of authoritative contributions in the area of robot hands. The results described in the volume are expected to lead to more robust, dependable, and inexpensive distributed systems such as those endowed with complex and advanced sensing, actuation, computation, and communication capabilities. The twenty-four chapters discuss the field of robotic grasping and manipulation viewed in light of the human hand’s capabilities and push the state-of-the-art in robot hand design and control. Topics discussed include human hand biomechanics, neural control, sensory feedback and perception, and robotic grasp and manipulation. This book will be useful for researchers from diverse areas such as robotics, biomechanics, neuroscience, and anthropologists.

New Standardised Visual Forms for Recording the Presence of Human Skeletal Elements in Archaeological and Forensic Contexts

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Mirjana Roksandic

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Even though visual recording forms are commonly used among human osteologists, very few of them are published. Those that are lack either detail or manipulability. Most anthropologists have to adapt these or develop their own forms when they start working on skeletal material, or have to accompany the visual forms with detailed, often time consuming, textual inventories. Three recording forms are proposed here: for adult, subadult and newborn skeletons. While no two-dimensional form will fit the requirements of every human osteologist, these forms are sufficiently detailed and easy to use. Printed or downloaded, they are published here in the belief that, with feedback from the anthropological community at large, they have the potential to become standard tools in data recording.

Paths of Cultural Systems

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Paul Ballonoff

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A theory of cultural structures predicts the objects observed by anthropologists. We here define those which use kinship relationships to define systems. A finite structure we call a partially defined quasigroup (or pdq, as stated by Definition 1 below on a dictionary (called a natural language allows prediction of certain anthropological descriptions, using homomorphisms of pdqs onto finite groups. A viable history (defined using pdqs states how an individual in a population following such history may perform culturally allowed associations, which allows a viable history to continue to survive. The vector states on sets of viable histories identify demographic observables on descent sequences. Paths of vector states on sets of viable histories may determine which histories can exist empirically.

News on the Jorá (Tupí-Guaraní: sociolinguistics, description, and classification

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Swintha Danielsen

Full Text Available With 45 languages, the Tupí family is one of South America's largest families. However, several gaps still remain. Some languages are already extinct and there are others for which data can no longer be collected. The situation of Jorá has reached this point. This article aims to summarize all data concerning the Jorá people and their language, parts of which were collected by the anthropologists Hanke (1959 and Béghin (1980 and other parts by the authors. On the basis of sparse data from several sources of differing reliability we attempt to classify the Jorá language using the phoneme inventory, grammatical evidence and lexical comparison. Jorá is classified as Tupí-Guaraní, closely related to Siriono and Yuki.

A Paradigm for Systems Thinking as a Real-Time Approach for Human Adaptation in the 21st Century

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Melissa J. Mills

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Contemporary neuroscientists, human anthropologists, biologists, and psychologists suggest that the human species is still evolving. The productivity of science, research, education and capital investment can be seen in the phenomenal growth of the human population. Yet the trajectories that have brought us to the present-day apex of material well-being and social health are not sustainable. How can we take the deep advances in distinct academic disciplines and bring them together in ways that inform and coordinate human ingenuity to meet and address the challenges of the 21st century? By taking contemporary research results from a broad range of disciplines and applying them to human dynamics through definable structures, humans are empowered to leverage their capacity to find solutions through joint intention.

Book review: Stella Souvatzi and Athena Hadji (eds. Space and Time in Mediterranean Prehistory (Routledge Studies in Archaeology

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Marko Sraka

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The collection of papers Space and Time in Medi- terranean Prehistory is an outcome of the collabo- ration between Stella Souvatzi, who regularly writes on spatiality within social archaeological themes such as households, as in her recent book A Social Archaeology of Households in Neolithic Greece, and Athena Hadji, whose Berkeley PhD thesis was entitled on The Construction of Time in Aegean Archaeology. The editors invited researchers from a predominantly interpretative (post-processual ar- chaeological tradition who deal with Mediterranean prehistory and included a few selected revised contributions to the similarly named session at the 16th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in the Hague. The collection of papers contains 15 chapters by archaeologists, anthropologists and an architect.

Photography/Monument. History of Childhood and Post-mortem Photography

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José María Borras Llop

2010-04-01

Full Text Available This article presents an argument in favor of the full integration of photographic images within historical analysis. From this perspective, I have approached the history of childhood, the field of research which I have concentrated on, in recent years. My focus is on two major topics: images of child labour and representations of infant mortality. The article is divided into two main sections. The first succinctly lays out the main arguments and opinions concerning the interpretation of photography from the point of view of photographers, historians of photography, photography and art critics, image theorists, anthropologists and social and cultural historians. The second section focuses on the analysis of specific cases, without seeking to present it as a model.

A case of undeclared debt? Claude Lévi-Strauss' ambiguities and paradoxes toward analytical psychology.

Science.gov (United States)

Serina, Florent

2018-06-09

If his relationship to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis has been widely acknowledged, Claude Lévi-Strauss' rapport with C.G. Jung's analytical psychology remains quite obscure. While secondary commentary has been abundant, its approach has above all been intertextual, to the detriment of a rigorously historical reading. Even if certain arguments put forward by supporters of so-called "influence" deserve to be taken into account, especially because they highlight Lévi-Strauss ambiguities and paradoxes toward Jung, this paper provides proof that a precise reading of the texts, with the help of recent studies on the intellectual genesis of Lévi-Strauss, lead to reject the thesis of an unstated debt owed by the French anthropologist to the Zurich psychologist. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Focus Section on Design Anthropology in Participatory Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

This focus section explores the opportunities of design anthropology in participatory design as an approach to research and design in an increasingly global and digital world. Traditionally, ethnography has been used in Participatory design to research real-life contexts and challenges, and as ways...... to involve people in defining user-needs and design opportunities. As the boundaries between diverse – material, digital and networked – spaces and experiences become increasingly blurred, so do the conventional distinctions between research and design. The papers presented in this focus section explore...... opportunities of using design anthropology as a holistic and critical approach to addressing societal challenges and change, and a way for anthropologists and designers to engage in participatory research and design that extend beyond the empirical....

Entangled ethnography: imagining a future for young adults with learning disabilities.

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Ginsburg, Faye; Rapp, Rayna

2013-12-01

Our article draws on one aspect of our multi-sited long-term ethnographic research in New York City on cultural innovation and Learning Disabilities (LD). We focus on our efforts to help create two innovative transition programs that also became sites for our study when we discovered that young adults with disabilities were too often "transitioning to nowhere" as they left high school. Because of our stakes in this process as parents of children with learning disabilities as well as anthropologists, we have come to think of our method as entangled ethnography, bringing the insights of both insider and outsider perspectives into productive dialog, tailoring a longstanding approach in critical anthropology to research demedicalizing the experience of disability. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[BIOETHICS FACED WITH SOCIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY, THE IMPACT OF THE MEANING GIVEN TO AN UNFINISHED CONCEPT].

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Marin, Ana; Bouffard, Chantal

2015-10-01

At a time in which the ethical awareness towards socio-cultural diversity is a necessity, it seems of paramount importance to explore what is meant by bioethics. Without being exhaustive, this paper suggests to scrutinize the key defnitions of bioethics, considering their evolution over time as well as their convergence with anthropology. Starting with its global and its restricted definitions, this article examines certain differences or definitional imprecisions in the light of the concepts used by bioethicists and anthropologists in their conception of bioethics. While this exercise shows the pertinence of the conceptual tools proposed by anthropology to facilitate the cultural diversity's integration into bioethics, it ultimately challenges an anthropological approach that has been unable to mainstream this knowledge into the definition of bioethics.

The unsayable: gossip, data and ethnography in an Argentinean police context

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Mariana Sirimarco

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Some time ago, Gluckman stated that a most important part of gaining membership to a group is to learn its scandals: what you can say and what you may not. So, what happens during fieldwork when the anthropologist bumps into a piece of information that is considered gossip but it can also be considered data? When and why we reach the limit of what can be said? This paper addresses an episode that took place during my fieldwork in an Argentinean police school, with the aim of reflecting on the anthropological practice and its production of knowledge, and of undressing the tensions between what the ethnographer knows, what he is let to know and what it finally reaches the ethnographical text.

Utilities of gossip across organizational levels : Multilevel selection, free-riders, and teams.

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Kniffin, Kevin M; Wilson, David Sloan

2005-09-01

Gossip is a subject that has been studied by researchers from an array of disciplines with various foci and methods. We measured the content of language use by members of a competitive sports team across 18 months, integrating qualitative ethnographic methods with quantitative sampling and analysis. We hypothesized that the use of gossip will vary significantly depending on whether it is used for self-serving or group-serving purposes. Our results support a model of gossip derived from multilevel selection theory that expects gossip to serve group-beneficial rules when rewards are partitioned at the group level on a scale that permits mutual monitoring. We integrate our case study with earlier studies of gossip conducted by anthropologists, psychologists, and management researchers.

bricolage, poetics, spacing

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David Crouch

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Contemporary concern for bricolage both transcends and supersedes de Certeau’s important intervention that resituated the term as actions undertaken in everyday life. In particular, he engaged the notion of bricolage in ways that presented tactics, evasions, resistances, ruses and even tricks in his consideration of everyday life as practiced. Whilst these considerations may be read, as indeed he asserted, as ‘making do’, there are further possibilities of this term. For example, bricolage may be considered to ‘occur’. In this we may take the anthropologist Hallam and Ingold’s grasp of creativity as something in our bodily and mental response to situations, calm, anxious and otherwise; responding to the detail of a situation, a required or desired action.

Invisible wounds: corporal punishment in British schools as a form of ritual.

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Benthall, J

1991-01-01

This article examines a presumed historical association between corporal punishment and the British "ruling class," taking as data the elaborate forms of beating practiced at a well-known English fee-paying boarding school in the 1950s and here documented in detail. Analogies with other forms of ritual studied by anthropologists are considered, as well as the psychosexual dynamics of beating for both officiants and victims. The paper argues that ritual corporal punishment must be seen in retrospect as a clear case of child abuse that is both physical and sexual. Such rituals of authority, though virtually abolished in Britain, may well exist in a different form in present day residential institutions for children in some Third World countries that have borrowed from now outdated European practices.

Handlung, Text, Kultur. Überlegungen zur hermeneutischen Anthropologie zwischen Clifford Geertz und Paul Ricœur

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Thiemo Breyer

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The paper investigates the phenomenon of foreignness and its understanding in ethnographic and philosophical context. The role of a phenomenologicalhermeneutic conception of text and action in bridging the gap between the native’s and the observer’s points of view with respect to the description of cultural phenomena is elucidated by way of comparing the theories of anthropologist Clifford Geertz and philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Hidden links between the two authors, who make sparse references to one another, but should be connected more thoroughly, are followed. The methods of “thick description” (Geertz and of taking the “text as a model” (Ricoeur for understanding social and cultural performances are analysed to attain a new notion of culture as context.

Stable Isotopes and Oral Tori in Greenlandic Norse and Inuit

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baumann, M.; Lynnerup, N.; Scott, G. R.

2017-01-01

Palatine (PT) and mandibular torus (MT) have long been of interest to dental researchers and anthropologists, but their aetiology remains unresolved. Some combination of genetic and environmental factors influences their expression, but the relative role of each remains contentious. Previous...... research has shown that the Greenlandic Norse exhibit exceptionally high frequencies and pronounced expressions of PT and MT. In this regard, they are significantly different from genetically related medieval Scandinavian populations, so environmental factors have to be considered. An earlier study...... that estimated stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions for a Greenlandic Norse sample makes it possible to compare directly PT and MT expression with the relative degree of marine protein intake. For comparative purposes, parallel observations were made on a Greenlandic Inuit sample. Some researchers...

Understanding the organisational context for adverse events in the health services: the role of cultural censorship.

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Hart, E; Hazelgrove, J

2001-12-01

This paper responds to the current emphasis on organisational learning in the NHS as a means of improving healthcare systems and making hospitals safer places for patients. Conspiracies of silence have been identified as obstacles to organisational learning, covering error and hampering communication. In this paper we question the usefulness of the term and suggest that "cultural censorship", a concept developed by the anthropologist Robin Sherriff, provides a much needed insight into cultures of silence within the NHS. Drawing on a number of illustrations, but in particular the Ritchie inquiry into the disgraced gynaecologist Rodney Ledward, we show how the defining characteristics of cultural censorship can help us to understand how adverse events get pushed underground, only to flourish in the underside of organisational life.

Ewa Głażewska, Urszula Kusio, Komunikacja niewerbalna. Płeć i kultura. Wybrane zagadnienia, Lublin, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2012, 255 s., ISBN 978-83-7784-177-8

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Paulina Banaśkiewicz

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Autorka recenzji opisuje pokrótce zawartość dwóch części książki na temat komunikacji niewerbalnej celem skupienia się na trzech walorach publikacji: konstrukcji książki, prezentacji niezbyt dobrze znanych w Polsce koncepcji wybitnych antropologów i socjologów oraz liczebności eksplikacji, które służą zilustrowaniu rozważań teoretycznych.English abstractThe author briefly describes the contents of the two parts of the book about non-verbal communication to focus on three qualities: design of the book, not very well known in Poland concepts of eminent anthropologists and sociologists and the number of explications, which illustrate the theoretical considerations. 

The Speech Act Theory between Linguistics and Language Philosophy

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Liviu-Mihail MARINESCU

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Of all the issues in the general theory of language usage, speech act theory has probably aroused the widest interest. Psychologists, forexample, have suggested that the acquisition of the concepts underlying speech acts may be a prerequisite for the acquisition of language in general,literary critics have looked to speech act theory for an illumination of textual subtleties or for an understanding of the nature of literary genres,anthropologists have hoped to find in the theory some account of the nature of magical incantations, philosophers have seen potential applications to,amongst other things, the status of ethical statements, while linguists have seen the notions of speech act theory as variously applicable to problemsin syntax, semantics, second language learning, and elsewhere.

Prehistoric human settling on the Tibetan Plateau

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Chen, F.; Zhang, D.; Dong, G.; Xia, H.

2017-12-01

When and where did human first settle down on the Tibetan Plateau is under hot debate among archaeologist, anthropologists, geneticist and paleo-geographers. Based on systematic archaeological, chronological and archaeo-botanical studies of 53 sites in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we propose that agriculture facilitated human permanent settlement on the Tibetan Plateau initially since 5200 years ago below 2500 masl and since 3600 years ago up to around 4000 masl, possibly assisted by domesticated animals (Chen et al. 2015). By redating the age of hand- and footprints in Chusang site in Tibet, Meyer et al. (2017) argue that hunter-gatherers permanently occupied central Tibetan Plateau in early Holocene (before 7.4 ka) without the help of agriculture. Except for the possible problem of dating, however, the limited hand- and footprints could only indicate the presence of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the remote central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene, unable to support the permanent inhabitation assertion (Zhang et al., 2017). To better understand how human spread to, settle on and adapt to the Tibetan Plateau, we are closely working together with anthropologists, archaeologists and geneticists to do system Paleolithic surveys, full excavations, and genetic analysis of ancient and modern human, animals and plants. Our preliminary study show that human migrated to the Tibetan Plateau from the last Deglacial period to late Holocene mainly from North China via Yellow River valley and its tributary valleys in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP). This migration is constituted of four stages (Upper Paleolithic, Epi-Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age) with different adaptation strategies, including microlithic technology, millet and barley farming, and sheep herding and so on (Zhang et al., 2016). In addition, our new finds in Tibet indicate that there are probably more migration routes from southeast and southwest Tibetan Plateau in the late Pleistocene or

Virtual anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, Gerhard W

2015-02-01

Comparative morphology, dealing with the diversity of form and shape, and functional morphology, the study of the relationship between the structure and the function of an organism's parts, are both important subdisciplines in biological research. Virtual anthropology (VA) contributes to comparative morphology by taking advantage of technological innovations, and it also offers new opportunities for functional analyses. It exploits digital technologies and pools experts from different domains such as anthropology, primatology, medicine, paleontology, mathematics, statistics, computer science, and engineering. VA as a technical term was coined in the late 1990s from the perspective of anthropologists with the intent of being mostly applied to biological questions concerning recent and fossil hominoids. More generally, however, there are advanced methods to study shape and size or to manipulate data digitally suitable for application to all kinds of primates, mammals, other vertebrates, and invertebrates or to issues regarding plants, tools, or other objects. In this sense, we could also call the field "virtual morphology." The approach yields permanently available virtual copies of specimens and data that comprehensively quantify geometry, including previously neglected anatomical regions. It applies advanced statistical methods, supports the reconstruction of specimens based on reproducible manipulations, and promotes the acquisition of larger samples by data sharing via electronic archives. Finally, it can help identify new, hidden traits, which is particularly important in paleoanthropology, where the scarcity of material demands extracting information from fragmentary remains. This contribution presents a current view of the six main work steps of VA: digitize, expose, compare, reconstruct, materialize, and share. The VA machinery has also been successfully used in biomechanical studies which simulate the stress and strains appearing in structures. Although

Entrando na roda: capoeira e encruzilhadas metodológicas de uma etnografia em movimento

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Menara Lube Guizardi

2013-07-01

Full Text Available A finalidade deste texto é tecer uma reflexão metodológica sobre a recopilação e interpretação dos aspectos “não discursivos” da comunicação dos coletivos que estudamos. Desde um ponto de vista teórico-argumentativo é muito difícil negar a importância semiótica e sintática da corporalidade na construção social da realidade. Entretanto, quando analisamos as dinâmicas disciplinárias da antropologia, notamos que os significados corporais e sensíveis da vida coletiva ainda se consideram como um tipo de “dado” etnográfico marginal em relação às narrações discursivas facilitadas pelos sujeitos de estudo. Relataremos, então, como nossa etnografia sobre a imigração de brasileiros capoeiristas a Madri, dotou-se de uma perspectiva que tomava a corporalidade não apenas como um elemento reificado, mas como um espaço central de intercâmbios comunicativos: um lócus de encontro entre objetividade e subjetividade. Abstract: The aim of this paper is develop a methodological debate about the recollection and interpretation of the bodily aspects of the communication of the social groups studied by anthropologists. Since a theoretical point of view is almost impossible to deny the semiotic and syntactic importance of the corporality in building social realities. Nevertheless, the anthropological disciplinary dynamics still marginalizing the bodily and sensitive aspects of social life, considering then less important than the discursive narrative provided by the people the anthropologists study. This paper analyses how my ethnography about the Brazilian capoeiristas migration to Madrid (Spain, considered the corporality not only as a reality in itself, but also as a central space for communicative interexchange: a dimension of social life where objectivity meets subjectivity.  

A Study on Generic Representation of Skeletal Remains Replication of Prehistoric Burial

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C.-W. Shao

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Generic representation of skeletal remains from burials consists of three dimensions which include physical anthropologists, replication technicians, and promotional educators. For the reason that archaeological excavation is irreversible and disruptive, detail documentation and replication technologies are surely needed for many purposes. Unearthed bones during the process of 3D digital scanning need to go through reverse procedure, 3D scanning, digital model superimposition, rapid prototyping, mould making, and the integrated errors generated from the presentation of colours and textures are important issues for the presentation of replicate skeleton remains among professional decisions conducted by physical anthropologists, subjective determination of makers, and the expectations of viewers. This study presents several cases and examines current issues on display and replication technologies for human skeletal remains of prehistoric burials. This study documented detail colour changes of human skeleton over time for the reference of reproduction. The tolerance errors of quantification and required technical qualification is acquired according to the precision of 3D scanning, the specification requirement of rapid prototyping machine, and the mould making process should following the professional requirement for physical anthropological study. Additionally, the colorimeter is adopted to record and analyse the “colour change” of the human skeletal remains from wet to dry condition. Then, the “colure change” is used to evaluate the “real” surface texture and colour presentation of human skeletal remains, and to limit the artistic presentation among the human skeletal remains reproduction. The“Lingdao man No.1”, is a well preserved burial of early Neolithic period (8300 B.P. excavated from Liangdao-Daowei site, Matsu, Taiwan , as the replicating object for this study. In this study, we examined the reproduction procedures step by

Accuracy of standard craniometric measurements using multiple data formats.

Science.gov (United States)

Richard, Adam H; Parks, Connie L; Monson, Keith L

2014-09-01

With continuing advancements in biomedical imaging technologies, anthropologists are increasingly making use of data derived from indirect measurement and analysis of skeletal material. To that end, the purpose of this study was to test the reliability of 26 standard craniometric measurements routinely utilized in forensic casework across several different imaging technologies. Measurements from five crania of known individuals were collected in duplicate by two anthropologists via computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional (3D) laser scans of the known skulls. The laser scans were also used to create prototype models of the known skulls. These prototypes were, themselves, laser-scanned, and measurements were also collected from the prototypes and the laser scans of the prototypes. Measurement sets from each technology were then compared with one another using the previously collected osteometric measurements taken on the crania themselves as the ground truth. indicate that, while the majority of measurements showed no significant differences across data formats, a handful were found to be problematic for particular technologies. For instance, measurements taken in a supero-inferior direction (e.g., BBH, OBH) from CT scans were prone to greater deviation from direct measurements of the cranium than other technologies, especially for CT scans taken at 5 mm thickness and increment. Also, several measurements defined by Type 1 landmarks, particularly those occurring at complicated or indistinct suture junctures (e.g., ASB, ZMB), were found to have high variance across all technologies while measurements based on Type 3 landmarks proved to be highly reproducible. This is contrary to measurements taken directly on crania, in which measures defined by Type 1 landmarks are typically the most reliable, likely attributable to diminished or totally obscured suture definition in the scan data. If medical imaging data are to be increasingly utilized in

New Challenges for Anthropological Instrumental in Identification of

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Edward Mantoanelli Luz

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Positive changes in the Brazilian indigenist scene, since the end of the 1980’s, resulted in the increase of communities’ national movements, which took the Brazilian anthropological community by surprise, that immediately applied theoretical criteria proposed by the anthropologist Fredrick Barth, about the establishment of the ethnic borders of emerging groups. This paper is an alert for the danger of extremist interpretations and exclusivists uses of the Barthian theory, as the unique identity criteria. Taking as base the resulting experiences of the application of this theory in the case cocama in Alto Solimões area, this essay intends to reveal the fragility of this anthropological instrumental and the need of theoretical and practical elements for an equilibrated and impartial cases analysis of the emerging indigenous groups.

"The First Twenty Years," by Bernard J. Siegel. Annual Review of Anthropology, 22 (1993, pp. 1-34, Annual Reviews, Inc, Palo Alto

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James A. Delle

1995-05-01

Full Text Available After twenty years as editor of the Annual Review ofAnthropology (ARA, Professor Siegel took on a daunting task with this article. In his words, he set out to "ponder the developments in the several subfields of anthropol­ogy over this period of time, as reflected in the topics selected for review in this enterprise" (p. 8. To this end Siegel, a cultural anthropologist, mined the collective knowledge contained within twenty years of the ARA. In his presentation, he considers the intellectual developments within each of the five subdisciplines separately (he includes applied anthropology, concluding with some brief remarks on the importance of maintaining a four or five field approach to anthropology. For our purposes here, I will limit my comments to his section on archaeology.

Optimeringseksperimenter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Winthereik, Brit Ross; Jensen, Casper Bruun

2014-01-01

In this article we investigate a group of environmental consultants in their efforts to create a local standard for monitoring and evaluating development projects. The point of these efforts is at once to improve the quality of projects and internal communication. We describe them as experiments...... in optimization. In particular, our analysis focuses on monitoring and evaluating as a form of optimization that generously constrains the world’s complexity in order to facilitate specific kinds of work. Contrary to a prevalent view that problematizes monitoring and evaluation as inherently reductive activities......, we thus engage such practices as non-reductive. This post-critical perspective further enables us to compare the knowledge work of environmental consultants and of anthropologists. While reduction of complexity are important aspects of relevant forms of optimization in both kinds of work...

Fieldwork and ethics

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Kilianova Gabriela

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The Slovak Association of Social Anthropologists initiated recently a discussion about the ethics in the ethnology, social and cultural anthropology. In January 2009 the association organized the seminar “Ethics in ethnology/social anthropology which brought vivid response in the academic community in Slovakia. The paper will deal with the question which are the most frequent ethic problems in field work such as for example the selection of research topic from the ethic point of view, ethic regulations during the conducting of field work, the protection of respondent’s personal data during the elaboration of data and archiving, the publication of research data etc. The author will inform about approaches and react to the current discussion about the possibilities how to solve the ethic questions in the field work.

Preindustrial Patterns in Chinese Organizational Culture

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragh, Simon Ulrik

2012-01-01

Chinese organizational culture is usually described as being influenced by Confucian social norms and unique to the country. The paper argues in contrast to this view that there are important cultural similarities between values and norms in organizations in China and other developing countries....... It is suggested that China, like other developing countries, is in a process of industrialization but retains preindustrial social norms which shape social relations and organizational structures. The paper shows first that the morals of social distance and reciprocity which anthropologists have found...... to be constitutive of a large number of preindustrial communities also govern relationships within and between organizations in present-day China. The paper then turns to organizations in Africa and Latin America and it is shown that the same social morals structure behaviours in these two developing regions...

Primary Care Practice: Uncertainty and Surprise

Science.gov (United States)

Crabtree, Benjamin F.

I will focus my comments on uncertainty and surprise in primary care practices. I am a medical anthropologist by training, and have been a full-time researcher in family medicine for close to twenty years. In this talk I want to look at primary care practices as complex systems, particularly taking the perspective of translating evidence into practice. I am going to discuss briefly the challenges we have in primary care, and in medicine in general, of translating new evidence into the everyday care of patients. To do this, I will look at two studies that we have conducted on family practices, then think about how practices can be best characterized as complex adaptive systems. Finally, I will focus on the implications of this portrayal for disseminating new knowledge into practice.

Anthropology in a postcolonial colony: Helen I. Safa's contribution to Puerto Rican ethnography.

Science.gov (United States)

Duany, Jorge

2010-01-01

This article assesses Helen I. Safa's legacy to anthropological thought in Puerto Rico. The first part of the article locates Safa's research on the Island within a long tradition of fieldwork by U.S. scholars since the early twentieth century. More recent research, conducted mostly by Puerto Rican women anthropologists and other social scientists, has expanded upon Safa's insights on gender and work. The second part of the essay analyzes Safa's major empirical work, The Urban Poor of Puerto Rico: A Study in Development and Inequality. Above all, this book helped overcome the theoretical impasse over the culture of poverty that characterized much of urban anthropology during the 1960s and 1970s. The article concludes with an appraisal of the relevance of Safa's work for the ethnography of contemporary Puerto Rico.

Medical anthropology and the physician assistant profession.

Science.gov (United States)

Henry, Lisa R

2015-01-01

Medical anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that investigates how culture influences people's ideas and behaviors regarding health and illness. Medical anthropology contributes to the understanding of how and why health systems operate the way they do, how different people understand and interact with these systems and cultural practices, and what assets people use and challenges they may encounter when constructing perceptions of their own health conditions. The goal of this article is to highlight the methodological tools and analytical insights that medical anthropology offers to the study of physician assistants (PAs). The article discusses the field of medical anthropology; the advantages of ethnographic and qualitative research; and how medical anthropology can explain how PAs fit into improved health delivery services by exploring three studies of PAs by medical anthropologists.

Unfolding the social

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blok, Anders; Krarup, Troels

2011-01-01

An important philosopher and anthropologist of science, Bruno Latour has recently outlined an ambitious programme for a new sociological empiricism, in continuation of his actor-network-theory (ANT). Interrogating issues of description, explanation and theoretical interpretation in this ‘sociology...... of associations’, we argue that certain internal tensions are manifest. While Latour's philosophy of social science demands an absolute abandonment of theory in all its forms, proposing instead to simply ‘go on describing’, he is in practice employing versions of common sense explanation and pragmatic......-constructivist theory to make ends meet. The core of this tension, we claim, can be located in Latour's meta-theoretical commitments, in effect obscuring important ways in which human subjects employ things, effects and symbols beyond their simple, ‘empirical’ existence. To illustrate these claims, we deploy...

Listening to objects: an ecological approach to the decorative arts

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Erin J. Campbell

2014-12-01

Full Text Available To transcend the divisions in art historical research between high art and decorative art, this study proposes an ecological approach. Drawing on research in the social sciences and humanities, and using the early modern domestic interior as a case study, the essay develops the concepts of environment, ecology, meshwork, assemblage, distributive agency, vital materiality, and matter as social performance, which appear in the work of political scientist Jane Bennett, feminist philosopher Karen Barad, sociologist Bruno Latour, anthropologist Tim Ingold, and others. As the study argues, such concepts provide a phenomenological, integrative, and non-hierarchical framework for the study of the decorative arts within the institutions and practices of art history, allowing art historians to analyse the processes through which the human and the material are intertwined.

Cultural-Ecological Theory of Academic Disengagement Used to Explain a Story of Race, Culture and Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogunyemi, Boluwaji

2017-01-01

Students of African ancestry often share an experience of being a racialized minority in the context of the educational institution. Late Professor of Anthropology John Ogbu's Cultural-ecological Theory of Academic Disengagement is employed to describe the negative responses encountered by peers in the name of academic achievement. The late Nigerian-American anthropologist John Ogbu described that it is often socially disadvantageous for black youth to prosper academically in formal education. Black students are often seen as betraying their cultural identities by aspiring to academic success and scholastic achievement and are met with repugnance by black peers. The notion of "acting white" is unnecessary, impertinent should be abandoned outright as achievement should have no color. Copyright © 2017 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethnographic Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Robinson, Sarah; Shumar, Wesley

2014-01-01

education into Higher Education discourses can be traced throughout the western world over the last two decades. Whether talking about starting businesses, often the focus for American universities, or encouraging enterprising behavior, the terms used in the UK and some parts of Europe, entrepreneurship...... education has, using models from cognitive psychology and social cognition theories from education gradually become established as a discipline in Higher Education. As educational anthropologists we are interested in exploring the parameters of this new discipline. We propose that the nature...... of this discipline lends itself to ethnography as a method for discussions about how enterprising behaviour is nurtured, supported and evolves into entrepreneurial practices through socially constructed communities. A close look at the practices of entrepreneurship educators in a Danish Higher Education institute...

Cosmopolitan Narratives

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Bondebjerg, Ib

universal dimensions of human life and cultural differences in a more and more mediatized global media culture. How do individuals and groups imagine each other in this new, global media culture, in what Appadurai (1996) has called a new post-national political world with an emerging diasporic public sphere......Cosmopolitan Narratives: Documentary Perspectives on Afghanistan Cosmopolitanism is a concept discussed in relation to globalization in contemporary societies by sociologists, anthropologists and media scholars (Beck 2006, Delanty 2006, Appadurai 1996). The concept indicates the dialectic between...... close others in our everyday life. But the media play an increasingly strong and important role in developing a cosmopolitan imaginary through narratives that bring us closer to the various distant, global others. Through migration those earlier distant others are also more and more mixed in our daily...

Rileggendo “Folklore e profitto”. Patrimoni immateriali, mercati, turismo

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Letizia Bindi

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Starting from the anticipatory notes of Luigi M. Lombardi Satriani’s Folklore e profitto [1973], the paper seeks to critically articulate the interesting relation between cultural heritage, capitalistic market and mass media, updating the analysis, also, to the most recent forms of the use of media in promoting and valorizing such traditions. What emerges is a twist of cultural heritage toward consumerism that imposes to anthropologists and cultural heritage scholars new challenges and questions and a late-modern rethinking of critical categories as commodification, alienation and fetishization. A central question, finally, arises about who and what should be today the social actors asked to decide about these processes of cultural manipulation in the new post-industrial and globalized scenario, characterized, inter alia, from a generalized economic crisis. 

Caring for Strangers

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Marta Lobato Rodriguez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Caring for Strangers (2017 takes the reader on an interesting journey to the everyday lives of Filipino migrant nurse workers placed in Singapore. It does so focusing on the narratives and the frequent encounters that anthropologist Megha Amrith had over her fieldwork time in Singapore. The result is a rich compilation of the social, political, and economic factors that make many men and women in the Philippines undertake nursing education with the purpose of migrating to work abroad. This review of the book focuses on three aspects of the book that the present author found to be of great importance in the contemporary anthropology of economy and labour: the political economy of global capital, the marketization of care work, and the ways in which these migrant workers built their subjectivities