AGARICUS BLAZEI MURRILL MUSHROOM COMPOST STUDY ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC PHASES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sándor Rózsa

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Compost for the production of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushrooms, is produced from wheat straw, straw-bedded horse manure, chicken manure and gypsum. The substrate is made in two processes called Phase I (anaerobic and Phase II (aerobic. Phase I includes mixing and moistening of the ingredients and a period of uncontrolled self-heating where temperatures will rise to 80ºC. Phase II starts with a pasteurization period of 8h at 56-60ºC and continues with a conditioning period at 45ºC for up to 7 days until volatile NH3 has been cleared from the process by air. Quality parameters for compost cannot be established directly. Moisture and nitrogen contents and pH can be adjusted at the start of Phase I, but the values will be affected during processing. In this paperwork, we studied the physical properties (water content, electrical conductivity and chemical composition (pH, organic matter, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, ammonia of four recipes of compost: classical, synthetic, mixt and original. During the experience, we recorded every hour the compost and the air temperature and the air relative humidity. The highest yield was obtained on synthetic compost with 42 kg mushrooms on 100 kg of compost.

A natural food ingredient based on ergosterol: optimization of the extraction from Agaricus blazei, evaluation of bioactive properties and incorporation in yogurts.

Science.gov (United States)

Corrêa, Rúbia C G; Barros, Lillian; Fernandes, Ângela; Sokovic, Marina; Bracht, Adelar; Peralta, Rosane M; Ferreira, Isabel C F R

2018-03-01

In recent years, mycosterols have emerged as potential functional ingredients for the development of sterol-enriched food products and dietary supplements. Agaricus blazei is a mushroom rich in bioactive compounds. For commercial purposes, their fruiting bodies must obey rigid morphological criteria. Those not conforming to these criteria are usually discarded, although this does not mean impairment of their content in bioactives. The aim of the present work was to propose the use of commercially discarded A. blazei fruiting bodies for obtaining an extract rich in ergosterol as a fortifier ingredient for yogurts. For extraction, the Soxhlet technology was used and the highest ergosterol yield (around 12%) was achieved in the 5 th cycle, yielding 58.53 ± 1.72 µg of ergosterol per 100 g of mushroom (dry weight). The ergosterol rich extract presented notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, besides showing no hepatotoxicity. When added to the yogurts it significantly enhanced their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it did not significantly alter the nutritional or the individual fatty acid profiles of the final dairy products. Thus, A. blazei fruiting bodies that do not conform to the commercial requirements of the market and are normally discarded could be exploited for obtaining a natural high added-value food additive, following the circular bioeconomy concept.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murill on Ovariectomized Osteopenic Rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peng Wang

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murill (WSP-AbM on ovariectomized osteopenic rats. The rats were administered orally WSP-AbM (200 mg/kg BW for 8 weeks. Subsequent serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA level, total antioxidant status (TAOS, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB level, polymorphonuclear (PMN cells level, interleukin-1β (IL-1β level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α level, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. WSP-AbM administration markedly (P<0.05 decreased serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels and the expressions of ICAM-1, COX-2, and iNOS NF-κB compared with OVX rats. WSP-AbM administration alsomarkedly (P<0.05 decreased PMN infiltration. In conclusion, we observed that WSP-AbM supplementation had anti-inflammatory effects in a model of osteoporosis disease.

Phase I Clinical Study of the Dietary Supplement, Agaricus blazei Murill, in Cancer Patients in Remission

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Satoshi Ohno

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Although many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine, including Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM, safety is not yet well understood. Cancer survivors took 1.8, 3.6, or 5.4 g ABM granulated powder (Kyowa Wellness Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan per day orally for 6 months. Adverse events were defined by subjective/objective symptoms and laboratory data according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE v3.0. Seventy-eight patients were assessed for safety of ABM (30/24/24 subjects at 1/2/3 packs per day, resp.. Adverse events were observed in 9 patients (12%. Most were digestive in nature such as nausea and diarrhea, and one patient developed a liver dysfunction-related food allergy, drug lymphocyte product. However, none of these adverse events occurred in a dose-dependent manner. This study shows that ABM does not cause problems in most patients within laboratory parameters at the dosages tested over 6 months. This trial supports previous evidence that the ABM product is generally safe, excluding possible allergic reaction.

An extract of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill can protect against allergy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hetland Geir

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM is an edible Brazilian mushroom that has been used in traditional medicine for a range of diseases. It has been shown to have anti-infection and anti-tumor properties in the mouse, which are due to induction of Th1 responses. On the other hand, IgE-mediated allergy is induced by a Th2 response. Objective Since according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm an increased Th1 response may promote a reduced Th2 response, the aim was to examine whether AbM had anti-allergy effects. Methods A mouse model for allergy was employed, in which the mice were immunized s.c. with the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA. Additionally, the animals were given a mushroom extract, AndoSan™, mainly (82% containing AbM, but also Hericium erinaceum (15% and Grifola frondosa (3%, or PBS p.o. either a day before or 19 days after the immunization. The mice were sacrificed on day 26, and anti-OVA IgE (Th2 response and IgG2a (Th1 response antibodies were examined in serum and Th1, Th2 and Treg cytokines in spleen cells cultures. Results It was found that the AndoSan™ extract both when given either before or after OVA immunization reduced the levels of anti-OVA IgE, but not IgG2a, in the mice. There was a tendency to reduced Th2 relative to Th1 cytokine levels in the AndoSan™ groups. Conclusion This particular AbM extract may both prevent allergy development and be used as a therapeutical substance against established allergy.

A polysaccharide isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill (ABP-AW1) as a potential Th1 immunity-stimulating adjuvant.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Liran; Sun, Yongxu; Xu, Hao; Xu, Huiyu; Cong, Huan; Liu, Jicheng

2013-10-01

In the present study, a low molecular weight polysaccharide, ABP-AW1, isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill was assessed for its potential adjuvant activity. ABP-AW1 is considered to create a 'depot' of antigen at a subcutaneous injection site. ICR mice were immunized with 100 μg ovalbumin (OVA) alone or with 100 μg OVA formulated in 0.9% saline containing 200 μg aluminum (alum) or ABP-AW1 (50, 100 and 200 μg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks after the secondary immunization, splenocyte proliferation, the expression of surface markers, cytokine production and the OVA-specific antibody levels in the serum were determined. The OVA/ABP-AW1 vaccine, in comparison with OVA alone, markedly increased the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and elicited greater antigen-specific CD4 + T cell activation, as determined by splenic CD4 + CD69 + T cells and Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ release. The combination of ABP-AW1 and OVA also enhanced IgG2b antibody responses to OVA. In conclusion, these data indicated that ABP-AW1 significantly enhanced the humoral and cellular immune responses against OVA in the mice, suggesting that ABP-AW1 stimulated Th1-type immunity. We suggest that ABP-AW1 may serve as a new adjuvant.

Effect of Agaricus blazei Murrill extract on HT-29 human colon cancer cells in SCID mice in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Ming-Fang; Chen, Yung-Liang; Lee, Mei-Hui; Shih, Yung-Luen; Hsu, Yu-Ming; Tang, Ming-Chu; Lu, Hsu-Feng; Tang, Nou-Ying; Yang, Su-Tso; Chueh, Fu-Shin; Chung, Jing-Gung

2011-01-01

Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) popularly known as 'Cogumelo do Sol' in Brazil, or 'Himematsutake' in Japan, is a mushroom native to Brazil and widely cultivated in Japan for its medicinal uses and is now considered one of the most important edible and culinary-medicinal biotechnological species. This study is the first tumor growth model to evaluate the amelioratory effect of ABM extract using HT-29 human colon cancer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Forty SCID mice were inoculated with HT-29 cells to induce tumor formation and were then divided into four groups. All the four groups (control, low, medium and high concentration treatment) of mice were separately orally administered 0 mg, 1.125 mg, 4.5 mg or 45 mg ABM extract daily. After six weeks of treatment, 8 out of the 40 mice had not survived including one mouse which scored +++ (tumor up to 15 mm diameter) and four mice which scored ++++ (tumor over 15 mm diameter) in the control group and three mice which scored ++++ on the low-dose ABM treatment. After high- or medium-dose treatment, all ten mice in each group survived. The oral administration of ABM does not prevent tumor growth, as shown by increased tumor mass, but compared with the control group, the tumor mass seems to grow more slowly depending on the ABM dose.

Oral Treatment with Extract of Agaricus blazei Murill Enhanced Th1 Response through Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Suppressed OVA-Sensitized Allergy in Mice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Go Bouike

2011-01-01

Full Text Available To clarify the mechanism of the antiallergic activity of Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABME, the present paper used an in vivo allergy model and an in vitro intestinal gut model. During OVA sensitization, the serum IgE levels decreased significantly in ABME group. Interleukin (IL-4 and -5 produced from OVA-restimulated splenocytes was significantly decreased, and anti-CD3ε/CD28 antibody treatment also reduced IL-10, -4, and -5 production and increased IFN-γ production in ABME group. These results suggest that oral administration of ABME improves Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, a coculture system constructed of Caco-2 cells and splenocytes from OT-II mice or RAW 264.7 cells indicated that the significant increases in IFN-γ production by ABME treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the antiallergic activity of ABME was due to the activation of macrophages by epithelial cells and the promotion of the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells in the immune.

Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murrill modulate the Th1 response in cancer immunity

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Liyan; Yu, Zhipu; Lin, Yu; Cui, Liran; Yao, Shujuan; Lv, Liyan; Liu, Jicheng

2018-01-01

To assess the effect of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABP-AW1) as an immunoadjuvant therapy for type 1 T-helper (Th1) responses in tumorigenesis, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with ovalbumin (E.G7-OVA). After 3, 10 and 17 days, the mice were immunized with PBS, OVA alone, or OVA and ABP-AW1, at low (50 µg), intermediate (100 µg) or high (200 µg) doses. Tumor growth was examined and compared among the groups, as were the following parameters: Splenocyte viability/proliferation, peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, serum OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2b, secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ production on a single cell level from cultured splenocytes. Tumor growth in mice treated with OVA and ABP-AW1 (100 or 200 µg) was significantly slower, compared with in the other groups at the same time-points. OVA with 100 or 200 µg ABP-AW1 was associated with a higher number of total splenocytes, a higher ratio of peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes, higher serum levels of OVA-specific Th1-type antibody IgG2b and greater secretion of the Th1 cytokines IL-1 and IFN-γ from splenocytes. ABP-AW1 is a promising immunoadjuvant therapy candidate, due to its ability to boost the Th1 immune response when co-administered with a cancer vaccine intended to inhibit cancer progression. PMID:29467867

Dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill extract prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Vincent, Mylène; Philippe, Erwann; Everard, Amandine; Kassis, Nadim; Rouch, Claude; Denom, Jessica; Takeda, Yorihiko; Uchiyama, Shoji; Delzenne, Nathalie M; Cani, Patrice D; Migrenne, Stéphanie; Magnan, Christophe

2013-03-01

Dietary supplement may potentially help to fight obesity and other metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistance and low-grade inflammation. The present study aimed to test whether supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill (ABM) extract could have an effect on diet-induced obesity in rats. Wistar rats were fed with control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HF) and either with or without supplemented ABM for 20 weeks. HF diet-induced body weight gain and increased fat mass compared to CD. In addition HF-fed rats developed hyperleptinemia and insulinemia as well as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In HF-fed rats, visceral adipose tissue also expressed biomarkers of inflammation. ABM supplementation in HF rats had a protective effect against body weight gain and all study related disorders. This was not due to decreased food intake which remained significantly higher in HF rats whether supplemented with ABM or not compared to control. There was also no change in gut microbiota composition in HF supplemented with ABM. Interestingly, ABM supplementation induced an increase in both energy expenditure and locomotor activity which could partially explain its protective effect against diet-induced obesity. In addition a decrease in pancreatic lipase activity is also observed in jejunum of ABM-treated rats suggesting a decrease in lipid absorption. Taken together these data highlight a role for ABM to prevent body weight gain and related disorders in peripheral targets independently of effect in food intake in central nervous system. Copyright © 2012 The Obesity Society.

Evaluation of the antigenotoxic effects of the royal sun mushroom, agaricus brasiliensis (Higher basidiomycetes) in human lymphocytes treated with thymol in the comet assay

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Radaković, Milena; Stevanović, Jevrosima; Soković, Marina; Radović, Dejan; Griensven, Van Leo J.L.D.; Stanimirović, Zoran

2015-01-01

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the possible protective activity of Agaricus brasiliensis (=A. blazei sensu Murrill) ethanol extract against thymol-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Before we studied the possible interaction of thymol and A. brasiliensis extract, each

Blood parameters of sheep with high infection of Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Almeida Bastos

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Blood and parasitological parameters of sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei were assessed. Lambs infected with the nematode were divided into three groups: treated with basidiocarp powder from the fungus, wormed with trichlorfon, and a control group that did not receive anthelmintic. Split-plot design analysis was performed where the treatments were defined as plots and four periods of collection were defined as subplots. Interaction between the treatments and the collection periods for the fecal egg counts per gram of feces (FEC was observed. Treatment with “mushroom of the sun” showed anthelmintic efficacies ranging from 28.6 to 54.2%. Similar performances to weight gain were observed among the groups. A significant interaction between treatments and evaluation periods was observed for erythrocyte counts, hematocrit value, and serum concentrations of albumin and urea. The values of the mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte distribution width, and leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, as well as the mean platelet volume, varied among the collection days. The administration of “mushroom of the sun” significantly reduced the FEC, did not influence on the erythrocyte count and hematocrit value, which remained within normal limits. However it increased the serum concentrations of albumin.

The Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharides on Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis and the TLR4 Signaling Pathway of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chicken.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Wenjing; Ge, Ming; Hu, Xuequan; Lv, Ai; Ma, Dexing; Huang, Xiaodan; Zhang, Ruili

2017-11-01

In this study, we investigated the effects of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides (ABP) on cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis and the TLR4 signaling pathway of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Seven-day-old healthy chickens were randomly divided into four groups, and each group contained 20 males. The cadmium-supplemented diet group (Cd group) was fed daily with full feed that contained 140 mg cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 )/kg and 0.2 mL saline. The A. blazei Murill polysaccharide diet group (ABP group) was fed daily with full feed with 0.2 mL ABP solution (30 mg/mL) by oral gavage. The cadmium-supplemented plus A. blazei Murill polysaccharide diet group (Cd + ABP group) was fed daily with full feed containing 140 mg CdCl 2 /kg and 0.2 mL ABP solution (30 mg/mL) by gavage. The control group was fed daily with full feed with 0.2 mL saline per day. We measured the apoptosis rate and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of apoptosis genes (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), the mRNA levels of TLR4 and TLR4 signaling pathway-related factors (MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3), the TLR4 protein expression, and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in chicken PBLs. The results showed that the PBL apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased, while that of Bcl-2 was significantly reduced. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased in the Cd group at 20, 40, and 60 days after treatment compared with that in the control group. After treatment with ABP, the above changes were clearly suppressed. At the same time, ABP reduced the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by Cd. We also found that ABP inhibited the TLR4 mRNA level and protein expression and inhibited the mRNA levels of MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3. The results demonstrated that Cd could induce apoptosis, activate the TLR4 signaling pathway, and induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in

Aqueous Extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill Prevents Age-Related Changes in the Myenteric Plexus of the Jejunum in Rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula de Santi-Rampazzo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effects of the supplementation with aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM on biometric and blood parameters and quantitative morphology of the myenteric plexus and jejunal wall in aging Wistar rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 (C7, 12 (C12 and CA12, and 23 months of age (C23 and CA23. The CA12 and CA23 groups received a daily dose of ABM extract (26 mg/animal via gavage, beginning at 7 months of age. A reduction in food intake was observed with aging, with increases in the Lee index, retroperitoneal fat, intestinal length, and levels of total cholesterol and total proteins. Aging led to a reduction of the total wall thickness, mucosa tunic, villus height, crypt depth, and number of goblet cells. In the myenteric plexus, aging quantitatively decreased the population of HuC/D+ neuronal and S100+ glial cells, with maintenance of the nNOS+ nitrergic subpopulation and increase in the cell body area of these populations. Supplementation with the ABM extract preserved the myenteric plexus in old animals, in which no differences were detected in the density and cell body profile of neurons and glial cells in the CA12 and CA23 groups, compared with C7 group. The supplementation with the aqueous extract of ABM efficiently maintained myenteric plexus homeostasis, which positively influenced the physiology and prevented the death of the neurons and glial cells.

Evaluation of adjuvant activity of fractions derived from Agaricus blazei, when in association with the recombinant LiHyp1 protein, to protect against visceral leishmaniasis.

Science.gov (United States)

de Jesus Pereira, Nathália Cristina; Régis, Wiliam César Bento; Costa, Lourena Emanuele; de Oliveira, Jamil Silvano; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Martins, Vivian Tamietti; Duarte, Mariana Costa; de Souza, José Roberto Rodrigues; Lage, Paula Sousa; Schneider, Mônica Santos; Melo, Maria Norma; Soto, Manuel; Soares, Sandra Aguiar; Tavares, Carlos Alberto Pereira; Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel Angel; Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

2015-06-01

The development of effective prophylactic strategies to prevent leishmaniasis has become a high priority. No less important than the choice of an antigen, the association of an appropriate adjuvant is necessary to achieve a successful vaccination, as the majority of the tested antigens contain limited immunogenic properties, and need to be supplemented with immune response adjuvants in order to boost their immunogenicity. However, few effective adjuvants that can be used against leishmaniasis exist on the market today; therefore, it is possible to speculate that the research aiming to identify new adjuvants could be considered relevant. Recently, Agaricus blazei extracts have proved to be useful in enhancing the immune response to DNA vaccines against some diseases. This was based on the Th1 adjuvant activity of the polysaccharide-rich fractions from this mushroom. In this context, the present study evaluated purified fractions derived from Agaricus blazei as Th1 adjuvants through in vitro assays of their immune stimulation of spleen cells derived from naive BALB/c mice. Two of the tested six fractions (namely F2 and F4) were characterized as polysaccharide-rich fractions, and were able to induce high levels of IFN-γ, and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the spleen cells. The efficacy of adjuvant action against L. infantum was evaluated in BALB/c mice, with these fractions being administered together with a recombinant antigen, LiHyp1, which was previously evaluated as a vaccine candidate, associated with saponin, against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The associations between LiHyp1/F2 and LiHyp1/F4 were able to induce an in vivo Th1 response, which was primed by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF, by low levels of IL-4 and IL-10; as well as by a predominance of IgG2a antibodies in the vaccinated animals. After infection, the immune profile was maintained, and the vaccines proved to be effective against L. infantum. The immune stimulatory effects in the

Temperature and pH conditions for mycelial growth of Agaricus brasiliensis on axenic cultivation

OpenAIRE

Colauto, Nelson Barros; Universidade Paranaense; Aizono, Patrícia Midori; Universidade Paranaense; Carvalho, Lis Ribeiro Magalhães de; Universidade Paranaense; Paccola-Meirelles, Luzia Doretto; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Linde, Giani Andrea; Universidade Paranaense

2008-01-01

Few studies have been done to determine Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei; A. subrufescens) basic mycelial growth characteristics on axenic cultivation. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature and initial pH for mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis on malt extract agar medium to develop axenic cultivation techniques. Studied initial pH values for mycelial growth were adjusted to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, with HCl, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, with NaOH, and again 7.0 and 8.0, with CaCO3....

Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharides Protect Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Damage in Chicken Spleens.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Wanqiu; Lv, Ai; Li, Ruyue; Tang, Zequn; Ma, Dexing; Huang, Xiaodan; Zhang, Ruili; Ge, Ming

2018-07-01

Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide (ABP) has exhibited antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ABP on cadmium (Cd)-induced antioxidant functions and inflammatory damage in chicken spleens. In this study, groups of 7-day-old chickens were fed with normal saline (0.2 mL single/day), CdCl 2 (140 mg/kg/day), ABP (30 mg/mL, 0.2 mL single/day), and Cd + ABP (140 mg/kg/day + 0.2 mL ABP). Spleens were separated on the 20th, 40th, and 60th day for each group. The Cd contents, expression of melanoma-associated differentiation gene 5 (MDA5) and its downstream signaling molecules (interferon promoter-stimulating factor 1 (IPS-1), transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)), the content of cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and beta interferon (IFN-β)), protein levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and histopathological changes of spleens were detected on the 20th, 40th, and 60th day. The results showed that ABP significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd in the chicken spleens and reduced the expression of MDA5, IPS-1, IRF-3, and NF-κB; their downstream inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-β; and the protein levels of HSPs (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) in spleens. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) significantly increased, and the level of MDA decreased in the ABP + Cd group. The results indicate that ABP has a protective effect on Cd-induced damage in chicken spleens.

Effect of Agaricus brasiliensis and Lentinula edodes mushrooms on the infection of passionflower with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Marcelo Di Piero

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protection of passion fruit plants against CABMV by using preparations from Agaricus brasiliensis and Lentinula edodes mushrooms. In experiments carried out in the greenhouse, the fruiting body extracts from some of the isolates of both mushrooms significantly reduced CABMV incidence in passion fruit plants. This protective effect occurred when the plant leaves, pre-treated with extracts, were later inoculated mechanically with the virus. However, the extracts did not protect the plants in experiments involving CABMV transmission by aphid vectors. An inhibitory effect of mushroom extracts on the virus particles was also demonstrated on Chenopodium quinoa, a CABMV local lesion host, by inoculating the plants with a mixture of extracts and virus suspension. Still in C. quinoa, the mushroom extracts from some isolates induced systemic resistance against the virus. These results showed that aqueous extracts from A. brasiliensis and L. edodes fruiting bodies had CABMV infectivity inhibitors, but that was not enough to control the viral disease on passion fruit plants at all, considering they were infected through a vector.O endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro, causado pelo Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV, é um dos problemas mais sérios que atingem a cultura. Tentativas de se obter plantas resistentes ao vírus ou estirpes fracas premunizantes não apresentaram sucesso até o momento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar a proteção das plantas de maracujá contra o CABMV, utilizando preparações dos cogumelos Lentinula edodes e Agaricus blazei, através da indução de resistência. Em experimentos conduzidos no interior de casa de vegetação, os extratos de basidiocarpos de ambos os cogumelos reduziram significativamente a incidência da virose em plantas de maracujá que tiveram as folhas pré-tratadas com esses extratos e que foram posteriormente inoculadas

Optimization of the cultivation conditions for mushroom production with European wild strains of Agaricus subrufescens and Brazilian cultivars.

Science.gov (United States)

Llarena-Hernández, Carlos R; Largeteau, Michèle L; Ferrer, Nathalie; Regnault-Roger, Catherine; Savoie, Jean-Michel

2014-01-15

The almond mushroom Agaricus subrufescens (formerly Agaricus blazei or Agaricus brasiliensis) is cultivated at commercial level in Brazil and some Asian countries on local substrates and casing mixtures. Despite its tropical origin, A. subrufescens might be a seasonal option for mushroom growers in western countries, where some wild strains have been isolated. For this purpose, cultivation conditions were developed starting from the substrate and casing mixture commonly used for commercial production of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus in France. The commercial compost, based on wheat straw and horse manure, used for A. bisporus and the casing mixture (peat and limestone) supplemented with fine sand proved efficient to grow A. subrufescens. Increasing the depth of the casing layer improved significantly the yield and time to fruiting. Daily variations in temperature did not markedly modify the yield. Significantly higher mushroom biomass was obtained with three wild European strains compared with three Brazilian cultivars. The very productive wild strain CA438-A gave mushrooms of size and dry matter content comparable to those of a cultivar. Commercial production of A. subrufescens can be developed in western countries on the wheat straw-based substrate commonly used for A. bisporus in these regions, by a simple modification of the casing mixture and maintaining the incubation temperature throughout the crop, which is expected to save energy during summer. Good yields were obtained cultivating European strains under optimised parameters. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Possible reduction of hepatoma formation by Smmu 7721 cells in SCID mice and metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice by Agaricus blazei murill extract.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Ming-Fang; Lu, Hsu-Feng; Hsu, Yu-Ming; Tang, Ming-Chu; Chen, Hsueh-Chin; Lee, Ching-Sung; Yang, Yi-Yuan; Yeh, Ming-Yang; Chung, Hsiung-Kwang; Huang, Yi-Ping; Wu, Chih-Chung; Chung, Jing-Gung

2011-01-01

Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABM) has been reported to possess antitumor effects. In this study, the role of ABM in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo was evaluated in experimental Smmu 7721 hepatoma cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and B16F10 melanoma cells lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. For the tumor growth model, the size of the liver tumor mass was about 10 mm to 20 mm in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the tumor mass seem to grow slowly with ABM treatment, especially at the high dose. For the tumor metastasis model, after a six-week treatment, the survival rates of B6 mice were 0%, 30%, 10% and 50% for control group, low, median and high concentration ABM treatment groups, respectively. The survival rate showed that pretreatment of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with ABM lengthened their lifespan after tumor cell inoculation, which supports the notion that ABM successfully reduced lung metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells. The treatment effect was dependent on the concentration of ABM for tumor growth and metastasis in these models.

Effect of 60Co γ-rays on growth of Agaricus blazei murill hypha and its cell shape structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weng Boqi; Jiang Zhihe; Lin Yong; Huang Tingjun; Xiao Shuxia

2003-01-01

The effect of 60 Co γ-rays at different dosage on growth, tangle and structure of cell shape of Agarius blazei Murill (Abm) hypha were studied. The experiment results showed that the cell wall of treatment Abm hypha was thicker than that of the control, huge separation between cytoplasm and cell wall of Abm hypha appeared when Abm hypha was irradiated at the low dosage (0.2-0.5 kGy). The cell wall became thin and small separation between cytoplasm and cell wall appeared with the increase of the irradiation dosage. The growth of Abm hypha became slow and scare by irradiation with higher dosage. The growth and tangle of hypha could be improved and the yield of fruit body increased by 34.8% when irradiated with low dosage

Polysaccharide Agaricus blazei Murill stimulates myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation from M2 to M1 type, which mediates inhibition of tumour immune-evasion via the Toll-like receptor 2 pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yi; Zhang, Lingyun; Zhu, Xiangxiang; Wang, Yuehua; Liu, WenWei; Gong, Wei

2015-11-01

Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in tumor-bearing animals and play a critical negative role during tumor immunotherapy. Strategies for inhibition of MDSCs are expected to improve cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharide Agaricus blazei Murill (pAbM) has been found to have anti-cancer activity, but the underlying mechanism of this is poorly understood. Here, pAbM directly activated the purified MDSCs through inducing the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, tumour necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, MHC II, and pSTAT1 of it, and only affected natural killer and T cells in the presence of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) monocytic MDSCs. On further analysis, we demonstrated that pAbM could selectively block the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signal of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs and increased their M1-type macrophage characteristics, such as producing IL-12, lowering expression of Arginase 1 and increasing expression of iNOS. Extensive study showed that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs by pAbM treatment had less ability to convert the CD4(+) CD25(-) cells into CD4(+) CD25(+) phenotype. Moreover, result from selective depletion of specific cell populations in xenograft mice model suggested that the anti-tumour effect of pAbM was dependent on Gr-1(+ ) CD11b(+) monocytes, nether CD8(+) T cells nor CD4(+) T cells. In addition to, pAbM did not inhibit tumour growth in TLR2(-/-) mice. All together, these results suggested that pAbM, a natural product commonly used for cancer treatment, was a specific TLR2 agonist and had potent anti-tumour effects through the opposite of the suppressive function of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vol 13, No 34 (2014), Use of spent compost in the cultivation of Agaricus blazei ... assafoetida essential oil as adult carob moth repellent in Qom pomegranate ... in frozen chicken and chicken products collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ...

Temperature and pH conditions for mycelial growth of Agaricus brasiliensis on axenic cultivation/ Condições de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis em cultivo axênico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luzia Doretto Paccola-Meirelles

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Few studies have been done to determine Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei; A. subrufescens basic mycelial growth characteristics on axenic cultivation. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature and initial pH for mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis on malt extract agar medium to develop axenic cultivation techniques. Studied initial pH values for mycelial growth were adjusted to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, with HCl, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, with NaOH, and again 7.0 and 8.0, with CaCO3. Studied temperatures for mycelial growth were 22 ºC, 25 ºC, 28 ºC, 31 ºC and 34 ºC. It was concluded that A. brasiliensis can grow in axenic cultivation at temperature range from 22 oC to 34 ºC, with optimal temperature range from 28 oC to 31 ºC and optimal temperature value of 30.5 ºC ± 0.3 ºC. It also grows in initial pH range from 4.0 to 7.0, adjusted with HCl or NaOH but not CaCO3, with optimal initial pH range from 5.5 to 6.0 and optimal initial pH value of 5.56 ± 0.05. Mycelial growth is inhibited with pH of 3.0 or lower, 8.0 or higher, or when CaCO3 is used to adjust pH in the substratum to 7.0 or higher.Poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos para determinar as condições básicas de crescimento micelial do fungo Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei, A. subrufescens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a faixa ótima de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial, em agar-extrato-de-malte, de A. brasiliensis, visando o desenvolvimento de técnicas de cultivo axênica. Os valores de pH estudados foram 3,0, 4,0, 5,0 e 5,5, ajustados com HCl, 6,0, 7,0 e 8,0, ajustados com NaOH, e 7,0 e 8,0, ajustados com CaCO3. As temperaturas de crescimento estudadas foram 22 ºC; 25 ºC; 28 ºC; 31 ºC e 34 oC. Concluiu-se que A. brasiliensis cresce em uma faixa de temperatura ótima de 28 oC a 31 ºC, com valor ótimo de temperatura de 30,5 ºC ± 0,3 ºC. A faixa de pH inicial ótimo no substrato é de 5,5 a 6,0 e o valor de pH inicial �

African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 13, No 34 (2014)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Use of spent compost in the cultivation of Agaricus blazei · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. GM Favara, C Sales-Campos, MT de Almeida Minhoni, OAAP Siqueira, MCN de Andrade. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2014.13978 ...

Antioxidative and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide extracts of the medicinal mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kozarski, M.; Klaus, A.; Niksic, M.; Jakovljevic, D.; Helsper, J.P.F.G.; Griensven, van L.J.L.D.

2011-01-01

Partially purified polysaccharides were obtained from four medicinal mushroom species, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum by hot water extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation. The four samples contained varying amounts of both a- and ß-glucans as

The effect of royal sun agaricus, agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al., Extract on methyl Methanesulfonate caused genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Savic, T.; Patenkovic, A.; Sokovic, M.; Glamoclija, J.; Andjelkovic, M.; Griensven, van L.J.L.D.

2011-01-01

The effect of culinary-medicinal Royal Sun Agaricus (Agaricus brasiliensis) hot water extract on methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) induced mutagenicity/genotoxity in Drosophila melanogaster was studied using a quick and broadly applicable in vivo assay, i.e., the wing somatic mutation and recombination

Agaritine content of 53 Agaricus species collected from nature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schulzova, V.; Hajslova, J.; Peroutka, R.

2009-01-01

carcinogen. There was a huge variation in agaritine content between species, but less variation between samples of a species. Whereas the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus commonly contain 200-500 mg agaritine kg-1 fresh weight, no less than 24 of the 53 species contained agaritine levels above 1000 mg...... strain development of Agaricus mushrooms for cultivation. No correlation could be observed between agaritine content and size of the mushroom, week of the year when collected, year of collection, or site of collection. Besides occurring in the genus Agaricus, some species of the genera Leucoagaricus...

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on wheat straw and waste tea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on wheat straw and waste tea leaves based composts and locally available casing materials Part III: Dry matter, protein, and carbohydrate contents of Agaricus bisporus.

Agaricus bisporus browning: a review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jolivet, S.; Arpin, N.; Wichers, H.J.; Pellon, G.

1998-01-01

Agaricus bisporus browning is a common and economically detrimental phenomenon, in which melanogenic phenols are enzymically processed into quinones, which evolve eventually to melanins. This review deals with the two fundamental sides of this process, enzyme(s) and phenolic substrates. Mushroom

Radiation protection effect by the combination of propolis and agaricus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu, Yeunhwa; Yamada, Katsunori; Ukawa, Yuuichi

2002-01-01

The aims of the radioprotection are a human and the safety keeping of the environment. The leukocyte that much research is to do in the animals, and relations between the lymphocyte and the radiation are being made distinct until now. It paid attention to it in this determination stage, and lymphocyte toward the radiation was observed by using the ICR mice used for the lymphocyte simulation abundantly in this research. And, it was examined about the fetal effect toward the radiation. So, an excuse as a radioprotective agent of the effect on the fetus toward the radiation was examined experimentally by using the propolis and agaricus by this research. Therefore, it is a purpose to obtain information as a medicament of the radioprotection. ICR mice were used for the experiment. The pregnant mice were placed in plastic cages for radiation exposure, and were treated with a single whole-body X -radiation at 1 Gy and 2Gy with a dose rate of 35 cGy/min on 8 days after the conception. 100 mg/kg of propolis and agaricus. The total number of irradiated dams observed in this study was 40, a total of 38 non-irradiated control and sham control dams was also prepared, and 659 non-irradiated live fetuses served as controls. Statistical significant difference was recognized between the lymphocyte of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy group and the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + propolis and agaricus extracts of water solution administrated group toward the lymphocyte and embryonic death of control group and sham control group (p<0.01). But, when it was compared with the lymphocyte and embryonic death rate of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy group and the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + Propolis and agaricus group, the lymphocyte rate of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + Propolis and agaricus group was decrease. And, if propolis and agaricus was administered, the embryo beyond the haploid number that did implantation was found out in the exposure beyond 1.0Gy or 2.0Gy

Radiation protection effect by the combination of propolis and agaricus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gu, Yeunhwa; Yamada, Katsunori; Ukawa, Yuuichi [Suzuka Univ. of Medical Science, Suzuka (Japan)] [and others

2002-07-01

The aims of the radioprotection are a human and the safety keeping of the environment. The leukocyte that much research is to do in the animals, and relations between the lymphocyte and the radiation are being made distinct until now. It paid attention to it in this determination stage, and lymphocyte toward the radiation was observed by using the ICR mice used for the lymphocyte simulation abundantly in this research. And, it was examined about the fetal effect toward the radiation. So, an excuse as a radioprotective agent of the effect on the fetus toward the radiation was examined experimentally by using the propolis and agaricus by this research. Therefore, it is a purpose to obtain information as a medicament of the radioprotection. ICR mice were used for the experiment. The pregnant mice were placed in plastic cages for radiation exposure, and were treated with a single whole-body X -radiation at 1 Gy and 2Gy with a dose rate of 35 cGy/min on 8 days after the conception. 100 mg/kg of propolis and agaricus. The total number of irradiated dams observed in this study was 40, a total of 38 non-irradiated control and sham control dams was also prepared, and 659 non-irradiated live fetuses served as controls. Statistical significant difference was recognized between the lymphocyte of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy group and the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + propolis and agaricus extracts of water solution administrated group toward the lymphocyte and embryonic death of control group and sham control group (p<0.01). But, when it was compared with the lymphocyte and embryonic death rate of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy group and the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + Propolis and agaricus group, the lymphocyte rate of the 1.0Gy and 2.0Gy + Propolis and agaricus group was decrease. And, if propolis and agaricus was administered, the embryo beyond the haploid number that did implantation was found out in the exposure beyond 1.0Gy or 2.0Gy.

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF EDIBLE MUSHROOM EXTRACT ON CANDIDA ALBICANS GROWTH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paccola Edneia A. de Souza

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Five species of edible mushrooms, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Macrolepiota bonaerensis and Agaricus blazei, were tested for their potential to inhibit the in vitro growth of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Only L. edodes had a fungistatic effect on this human pathogen. The inhibitory compound was produced intra and extracellularly in submersed L. edodes culture, and was also present in fresh and dehydrated mushroom basidiocarps. The fungistatic compound was heat sensitive and lost activity after 72 hours.

Yield response of mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) on wheat straw ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Yield response of mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) on wheat straw and waste tea leaves based composts using supplements of some locally available peats and their mixture with some secondary casing materials.

Agaricus bisporus genome sequence: a commentary.

Science.gov (United States)

Kerrigan, Richard W; Challen, Michael P; Burton, Kerry S

2013-06-01

The genomes of two isolates of Agaricus bisporus have been sequenced recently. This soil-inhabiting fungus has a wide geographical distribution in nature and it is also cultivated in an industrialized indoor process ($4.7bn annual worldwide value) to produce edible mushrooms. Previously this lignocellulosic fungus has resisted precise econutritional classification, i.e. into white- or brown-rot decomposers. The generation of the genome sequence and transcriptomic analyses has revealed a new classification, 'humicolous', for species adapted to grow in humic-rich, partially decomposed leaf material. The Agaricus biporus genomes contain a collection of polysaccharide and lignin-degrading genes and more interestingly an expanded number of genes (relative to other lignocellulosic fungi) that enhance degradation of lignin derivatives, i.e. heme-thiolate peroxidases and β-etherases. A motif that is hypothesized to be a promoter element in the humicolous adaptation suite is present in a large number of genes specifically up-regulated when the mycelium is grown on humic-rich substrate. The genome sequence of A. bisporus offers a platform to explore fungal biology in carbon-rich soil environments and terrestrial cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandeep Rahar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available β-Glucans are soluble fibers with physiological functions, such as, interference with absorption of sugars and reduction of serum lipid levels. β-glucans are found in different species, such as, Rhynchelytrum repens, Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa, Tremella mesenterica, Tremella aurantia, Zea may, Agaricus blazei, Phellinus baummi, Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast, and Agaricus blazei murell (mushroom. Analysis of the fractions reveals the presence of arabinose, glucose, xylose, and traces of rhamnose and galactose. The presence of β-glucan in these fractions is confirmed by hydrolyzing the polymers with endo-β-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC analysis of the characteristic oligosaccharides produced. The 4 M KOH fractions from different tissues are subjected to gel permeation chromatography on Sepharose 4B, with separation of polysaccharides, with different degrees of polymerization, the highest molecular mass (above 2000 kDa being found in young leaves. The molecular mass of the leaf blade polymers is similar (250 kDa to that of the maize coleoptiles β-glucan used for comparison. The 4 M KOH fraction injected into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes has shown hypoglycemic activity, reducing blood sugar to normal levels for approximately 24 hours. This performance is better than that obtained with pure β-glucan from barley, which decreases blood sugar levels for about four hours. These results suggest that the activity of β-glucans is responsible for the use of this plant extract as a hypoglycemic drug in folk medicine.

Auraalne Contra / Hasso Krull

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Krull, Hasso, 1964-

2001-01-01

Bibliogr. joonealustes märkustes. Rets. rmt. : Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Suusamütsi tutt : luulet aastatest 1974-2000. Urvaste ; Tartu : Mina Ise, 2001; Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Contra on õhk : [helikassett]. Urvaste :¡ Mina Ise, 2000

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on some compost formulas and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJB SERVER

2007-01-18

Jan 18, 2007 ... Agaricus bisporus, is produced from wheat straw, straw- bedded horse .... mycelium (Type Horst U1) per kg then filled into plastic bags as 7 kg wet weight basis. ... a selective substrate environment for mushroom growing.

The genus Agaricus in the Caribbean. Nine new taxa mostly based on collections from the Dominican Republic

Science.gov (United States)

Luis A. ​Parra; Claudio Angelini; Beatriz Ortiz-Santana; Gerardo Mata; Christophe Billette; Carlos Rojo; Jie Chen; Philippe. Callac

2018-01-01

Field collections of Agaricus were collected in the Dominican Republic from 2009–2016 with the intent to evaluate the diversity in this genus, which was quasi-unknown in this country. In the same period, studies on tropical Agaricus revealed tropical clades that remained unclassified. A new taxonomic system of classification...

Microbial biomass in compost during colonization of Agaricus bisporus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vos, Aurin M.; Heijboer, Amber; Boschker, Henricus T.S.; Bonnet, Barbara; Lugones, Luis G.; Wösten, Han A.B.

2017-01-01

Agaricus bisporus mushrooms are commercially produced on a microbe rich compost. Here, fungal and bacterial biomass was quantified in compost with and without colonization by A. bisporus. Chitin content, indicative of total fungal biomass, increased during a 26-day period from 576 to 779 nmol

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on wheat straw and waste tea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

2007-02-19

Feb 19, 2007 ... Key words: Agaricus bisporus, wheat straw, waste tea leaves, wheat chaff, pin head formation, compost temperature .... kg then filled into plastic bags as 7 kg wet weight basis. ..... substrate environment for mushroom growing.

Temperature profiles of Agaricus bisporus in composting stages and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Three compost formulas using different activator materials were prepared for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A locally available casing material known as peat of Bolu district and its different combinations with perlite were used. Temperature profiles of all mixtures during composting were measured at every composting stages ...

Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Patyshakuliyeva, A; Jurak, E.; Kohler, A.; Baker, A.; Battaglia, E.; de Bruijn, W.; Burton, K.S.; Challen, M.P.; Coutinho, P.M.; Eastwood, D.C.; Gruben, B.S.; Makela, M.R.; Martin, F.; Nadal, M.; van den Brink, J.; Wiebenga, A.; Zhou, M.; Henrissat, B.; Kabel, M.; Gruppen, H.; de Vries, R.P.

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND: Agaricus bisporus is commercially grown on compost, in which the available carbon sources consist mainly of plant-derived polysaccharides that are built out of various different constituent monosaccharides. The major constituent monosaccharides of these polysaccharides are glucose,

Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Patyshakuliyeva, A.; Jurak, E.; Kohler, A.; Baker, A.; Battaglia, E.; Bruijn, de W.; Burton, K.S.; Challen, M.P.; Cuotinho, P.M.; Eastwood, D.C.; Gruben, B.S.; Makela, M.R.; Martin, F.; Nadal, M.; Brink, van den J.; Wiebenga, A.; Zhou, M.; Henrissat, B.; Kabel, M.A.; Gruppen, H.; Vries, de R.P.

2013-01-01

Background - Agaricus bisporus is commercially grown on compost, in which the available carbon sources consist mainly of plant-derived polysaccharides that are built out of various different constituent monosaccharides. The major constituent monosaccharides of these polysaccharides are glucose,

Agaricus subrufescens: A review

Science.gov (United States)

Wisitrassameewong, Komsit; Karunarathna, Samantha C.; Thongklang, Naritsada; Zhao, Ruilin; Callac, Philippe; Moukha, Serge; Férandon, Cyril; Chukeatirote, Ekachai; Hyde, Kevin D.

2012-01-01

Medicinal mushrooms have currently become a hot issue due to their various therapeutic properties. Of these, Agaricus subrufescens, also known as the “almond mushroom”, has long been valued by many societies (i.e., Brazil, China, France, and USA). Since its discovery in 1893, this mushroom has been cultivated throughout the world, especially in Brazil where several strains of A. subrufescens have been developed and used as health food and alternative medicine. This article presents up-to-date information on this mushroom including its taxonomy and health promoting benefits. Medicinal properties of A. subrufescens are emphasized in several studies which are reviewed here. In addition, safety issues concerning the use of this fungus will be discussed. PMID:23961172

Yield response of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) on wheat straw ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SERVER

2008-01-18

Jan 18, 2008 ... 1Mugla University, Faculty of Technical Education, Kotekli, 48000, Mugla, Turkey. 2Mugla University, Mushroom ..... Hayes WA, Shandilya TR (1977). Casing soil and compost substrates used in the artifical culture of Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom. Indian J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 7: 5-10. Lambert ...

Protein nutrient value of Agaricus bazei murrill mutant J3 induced by 60Co γ-irradiation in different generations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Zhihe; Lin Yong; Xiao Shuxia

2004-01-01

Protein nutritional values of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 and original strain J 1 were compared by non-biological evaluation methods. The results showed that five protein indexes in the fruitbodies of M 1 and M 6 generations of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 were higher than that of original strain J 1 ; four protein indexes in M 4 and M 5 generations were higher than that of original strain J 1 ; and six protein indexes in M 2 and M 3 generations were higher than that of original strain J 1 . It was concluded that the protein nutritional values of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 was better than that of original strain J 1 . Except the ratio scores of amino acids had little change in the different generations, the other indexes in strain J 3 Agaricus bazei Murrill showed that the heredity efficiencies of the proteins was rather stable. (authors)

Alterações gastrointestinais em pacientes com câncer colorretal em ensaio clínico com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus Gastrointestinal alterations in patients with colorectal cancer on clinical trial supplemented with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Costa Fortes

2010-03-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Fungos medicinais podem normalizar a função intestinal, aumentar o apetite e reduzir os efeitos adversos do tratamento convencional do câncer. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações gastrointestinais de pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória após suplementação dietética com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus. METODOLOGIA: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado, realizado no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal. Amostra constituída de 56 pacientes (24 homens e 32 mulheres, estádios I, II e III, seguindo determinados critérios de inclusão e exclusão, separados em grupos placebo e Agaricus sylvaticus (30mg/kg/dia e acompanhados por um período de seis meses. Para avaliar as alterações gastrointestinais foram utilizados um formulário-padrão e uma anamnese dirigida-padrão. O método de análise dos resultados foi qualitativo e descritivo, utilizando os programas Microsoft Excel 2003 e Epi Info 2004 para Windows, versão 3.3.2. RESULTADOS: Após seis meses de tratamento, observou-se, no grupo Agaricus sylvaticus, aumento do apetite e redução da constipação, diarréia, diarréia alternada com constipação, flatulência, retenção de flatos, pirose, plenitude pós-prandial, náuseas, distensão e dor abdominais, fatos não observados no grupo placebo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação dietética com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus é capaz de melhorar as alterações gastrointestinais de pacientes no pós-operatório de câncer colorretal, promovendo melhoria na qualidade de vida desses pacientes.INTRODUCTION: Medicinal fungus may normalize intestinal function, increase appetite and reduce adverse effects caused by conventional cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gastrointestinal alterations of patients with colorectal cancer in post-operative phase after dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus. METHODOLOGY: Randomized, double-blind, placebo

Agaricus section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary on taxa.

Science.gov (United States)

Kerrigan, Richard W; Callac, Philippe; Guinberteau, Jacques; Challen, Michael P; Parra, Luis A

2005-01-01

Agaricus section Xanthodermatei comprises a group of species allied to A. xanthodermus and generally characterized by basidiomata having phenolic odors, transiently yellowing discolorations in some parts of the basidiome, Schaeffer's reaction negative, and mild to substantial toxicity. The section has a global distribution, while most included species have distributions restricted to regions of single continents. Using specimens and cultures from Europe, North America, and Hawaii, we analyzed DNA sequences from the ITS1+2 region of the nuclear rDNA to identify and characterize phylogenetically distinct entities and to construct a hypothesis of relationships, both among members of the section and with representative taxa from other sections of the genus. 61 sequences from affiliated taxa, plus 20 from six (or seven) other sections of Agaricus, and one Micropsalliota sequence, were evaluated under distance, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. We recognized 21 discrete entities in Xanthodermatei, including 14 established species and 7 new ones, three of which are described elsewhere. Four species from California, New Mexico, and France deserve further study before they are described. Type studies of American taxa are particularly emphasized, and a lectotype is designated for A. californicus. Section Xanthodermatei formed a single clade in most analyses, indicating that the traditional sectional characters noted above are good unifying characters that appear to have arisen only once within Agaricus. Deep divisions within the sequence-derived structure of the section could be interpreted as subsections in Xanthodermatei; however, various considerations led us to refrain from proposing new supraspecific taxa. The nearest neighbors of section Xanthodermatei are putatively in section Duploannulati.

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on some compost formulas and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Three compost formulas; wheat straw based and using different activator materials such as wheat brain, chicken manure, and pigeon manure were used for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Locally available casing materials such as peat of Bolu, peat of Agacbasi, peat of Caykara, and their mixture (80:20; v:v) with perlite were ...

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on some compost formulas and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Three compost formulas (formula I, formula II, and formula III) based waste tea leaves and using some activator materials such as wheat bran, chicken manure and pigeon manure were studied for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Some locally available peats such as peat of Bolu, peat of Agacbasi, peat of Caykara and theirs ...

The cultivation of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Champignon) and some environmental and health aspects.

Science.gov (United States)

Zicari, Giuseppe; Rivetti, Daniela; Soardo, Vincenzo; Cerrato, Elena

2012-01-01

The cultivation of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus, also known as button mushroom, requires the use of substrates for its cultivation, such as chicken and/or horse manure and the application of manufacturing steps, such as storage and composting that produce odours. The odours may cause disturbance to people living near the plant and may be a problem for workers. This article examines some measures that can be taken to reduce the odorous emissions during the production of Agaricus bisporus. The possibility of recovery of some organic matter left from the cultivation is examined. Finally, some occupational hazards for workers are highlighted.

Effect of electron beam irradiation on post harvest quality of Agaricus bisporus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Juanpin; Xing Zengtao; Bai Bing; Song Weiguo

2011-01-01

The effects of electron beam irradiation on fresh-keeping of Agaricus bisporus was studied after sporecarp samples were irradiated at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kGy and then stored at 4 degree C for 14d. The contents of water-soluble vitamins, amino acids and sugars were measured. Results showed that the contents of water-soluble sugars, amino acids, and aneurin, lactochrome, nicotinic acid in sporecarp did not significantly change after irradiation. However, asoribic acid was sensitive to irradiation, and the content was significantly reduced 31.1% at the dose of 4.0 kGy. It is concluded that 2 kGy irradiation can effectively prolong the shelf life, and almost no significant effect on the nutrient components of Agaricus bisporus. (authors)

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on wheat straw and waste tea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study was designed to determine the pin head formation time and yield values of Agaricus bisporus on some casing materials. Composts were prepared basically from wheat straw and waste tea leaves by using wheat chaff as activator substance. Temperatures of the compost formulas were measured during ...

Some properties of contra-γ-continuous functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nasef, Arafa A.

2005-01-01

The notion of contra-continuity was introduced and investigated by Dontchev [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 19 (1996) 303]. In this paper, we apply the notion of γ-open sets in topological spaces to present and study a new class of functions called contra-γ-continuous functions which lies between classes of contra-semi-continuous functions and contra-β-continuous functions. We speculate that contra-γ-continuity may be relevant to the physics of fractal and cantorian spacetime

The effect of royal sun agaricus, Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al., extract on methyl methanesulfonate caused genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Savić, Tatjana; Patenković, Aleksandra; Soković, Marina; Glamoclija, Jasmina; Andjelković, Marko; van Griensven, Leo J L D

2011-01-01

The effect of culinary-medicinal Royal Sun Agaricus (Agaricus brasiliensis) hot water extract on methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) induced mutagenicity/genotoxity in Drosophila melanogaster was studied using a quick and broadly applicable in vivo assay, i.e., the wing somatic mutation and recombination test. We used 2nd instar larvae, trans-heterozygous for the third chromosome recessive markers, i.e., multiple wing hairs (mvh) and flare-3 [flr (3)], and fed them for 24 h with the aqueous extract of A. brasiliensis. For antigenotoxicity studies a 24-h pretreatment with the extract was done, followed by a 48-h treatment of the then 3rd instar larvae with MMS. The frequency of mutations of the wing blade changes (i.e., of the number of wing spots of different sizes) induced in somatic cells was determined as a parameter of genetic changes of the wing imaginal discs. The results showed that A. brasiliensis extract did not cause any genotoxic or mutagenic effects. No antigenotoxic and/or protective effect against the induction of mutations by MMS was observed. Instead, a possible enhanced mitotic recombination frequency by MMS was seen after pretreatment of the larvae with A. brasiliensis extract. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios for Agaricus brasiliensis on the axenic method = Relação carbono/nitrogênio do substrato pelo método de cultivo axênico para Agaricus brasiliensis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lienine Luiz Zaghi Junior

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Cultivation techniques for Agaricus brasiliensis (composting method and substratum formulations are the same ones used for Agaricus bisporus. Most of the carbon-tonitrogen (C:N ratios reported for A. brasiliensis are similar to those used for A. bisporus on the composting method and there are few studies about the variation of C:N ratios for A. brasilienses on the axenic method. The objective of this study was to verify the mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis on different C:N ratios using regional by-products as substrate formulation on the axenic method. Studied C:N ratios of substrate (mixture of soybean and cassava fibers ranged from 11:1 to 248:1, with nitrogen content ranging from 4.25 to 0.20%, respectively. It was concluded that substrate with only soybean fiber generates higher mycelial growth than any formulation with cassava fiber; the highest mycelial growth on substrate is with C:N ratio of 11:1 (N = 4.25%; the intermediate growth is with C:N ratio range from 15:1 to 50:1 (N from 3.31 to 0.98%; and the lowest growth is with C:N ratio of 100:1 or higher (N ≤ 0.50%. As técnicas de cultivo do Agaricus brasiliensis (método de compostagem e formulação de substrato são as mesmas utilizadas para o Agaricus bisporus. A maioria das relações carbono/nitrogênio (C/N relatadas para A. brasiliensis são similares às usadas para A. bisporus no método de compostagem. Há poucos estudos sobre a variação da relação C/N para A. brasilienses para o método axênico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de diferentes relações C/N no crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis utilizando subprodutos regionais como substrato pelo método axênico. As relações C/N no substrato (misturas de fibra de soja e de mandioca estudadas variaram de 11 a 248 com consequentes concentrações de nitrogênio de 4,25 a 0,20%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que os substratos somente com fibra de soja propiciam maior crescimento micelial que

Multiple viral infections in Agaricus bisporus - Characterisation of 18 unique RNA viruses and 8 ORFans identified by deep sequencing

OpenAIRE

Deakin, Gregory; Dobbs, Edward; Bennett, Julie M.; Jones, Ian M.; Grogan, Helen M.; Burton, Kerry S.

2017-01-01

Thirty unique non-host RNAs were sequenced in the cultivated fungus, Agaricus bisporus, comprising 18 viruses each encoding an RdRp domain with an additional 8 ORFans (non-host RNAs with no similarity to known sequences). Two viruses were multipartite with component RNAs showing correlative abundances and common 3′ motifs. The viruses, all positive sense single-stranded, were classified into diverse orders/families. Multiple infections of Agaricus may represent a diverse, dynamic and interact...

A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus in anthropometric profile of women with colon cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Costa Fortes

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Medicinal fungi and/or its extracts have been used in the adjuvant therapy of cancer because of their pharmacological, nutritional and immunomodulatory properties. Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric profile of colorectal cancer women after dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in a public hospital in the Federal District – Brazil for six months. Sample of 32 patients with colorectal cancer, female, was separated into two groups: supplemented with Agaricus sylvaticus (30 mg/kg/day and placebo. We conducted anthropometry (weight, height, body mass index, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference and fat percentage during the treatment. The results were analyzed at three different times (before the start of treatment, three months and after six months supplementation using the Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0, using Student's t-test and F, with significance for p ≤ 0.05. Results: The Agaricus sylvaticus group showed a significant increase in body mass index, arm circumference, percent body fat and triceps skinfold, and non-significant increase in arm muscle circumference after six months of supplementation. These results were not observed in the placebo group. Conclusion: The results suggest that dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus is capable to have benefits in anthropometric parameters of women with colorectal cancer. Resumo: Introdução: O câncer colorretal é uma doença influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais. A utilização de fungos medicinais e/ou de seus extratos tem sido utilizada no adjuvante tratamento do câncer devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas, nutricionais e imunomoduladoras. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil antropométrico de mulheres com câncer colorretal após suplementa

Relative Numbers of Certain Microbial Groups Present in Compost Used for Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Propagation

Science.gov (United States)

Fordyce, C.

1970-01-01

The relative numbers of microorganisms associated with compost during mushroom production were studied by the dilution plate method. Thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi were isolated with a very high frequency early in the growing season. Although numbers of thermophilic bacteria diminished slowly during the season, the thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes diminished rapidly with the latter disappearing after 6 weeks. Mesophilic fungi other than Agaricus or Trichoderma remained relatively stable throughout the growing period. Agaricus could be isolated between the first and third break. Trichoderma became dominant after the fourth break. The mesophilic bacterial counts diminished during the most productive portion of the mushroom cropping season and then increased to much higher numbers toward the end of the season. PMID:5529631

Fate of lignin and substituted xylan during commercial cultivation of Agaricus bisporus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kabel, Mirjam; Jurak, Edita; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; de Vries, Ronald; Gruppen, Harry; Baars, Johan; Sonnenberg, Anton

2016-01-01

Wheat straw based compost is the substrate for commercial growth of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, but it is unknown to which extent the carbohydrate-lignin matrix changes and how much is metabolized during commercial cultivation. In this paper we report yields and remaining structures of the major

Almost contra-g-continuous functions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keskin, Aynur [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk University Campus, 42075 Konya (Turkey); 2949-1 Shiokita-cho, Hinagu, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken 869-5142 (Japan)], E-mail: akeskin@selcuk.edu.tr; Noiri, Takashi [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk University Campus, 42075 Konya (Turkey); 2949-1 Shiokita-cho, Hinagu, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken 869-5142 (Japan)], E-mail: t.noiri@nifty.com

2009-10-15

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of almost contra-g-continuous functions which is weaker than both notions of contra-continuous functions [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed mappings. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10] and ({theta},s)-continuous functions [Joseph JK, Kwak MK. On S-closed spaces. Proc Am Math Soc 1980;80:341-8.] in topological spaces. We discuss the relationships with some other related functions. At the same time, we show that almost-g-continuity and (LC,s)-continuity are independent of each other.

Almost contra-g-continuous functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keskin, Aynur; Noiri, Takashi

2009-01-01

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of almost contra-g-continuous functions which is weaker than both notions of contra-continuous functions [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed mappings. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10] and (θ,s)-continuous functions [Joseph JK, Kwak MK. On S-closed spaces. Proc Am Math Soc 1980;80:341-8.] in topological spaces. We discuss the relationships with some other related functions. At the same time, we show that almost-g-continuity and (LC,s)-continuity are independent of each other.

Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus and A.brasiliensis: chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for the final healthy product – natural preservatives in yoghurt

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stojkovic, D.S.; Reis, F.S.; Glamoclija, J.; Ciric, A.; Barros, L.; Griensven, van L.J.L.D.; Ferreira, I.C.F.R.; Sokovic, M.

2014-01-01

Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach and Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser, M. Didukh, Amazonas & Stamets are edible mushrooms. We chemically characterized these mushrooms for nutritional value, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic

Rapid and efficient protocol for DNA extraction and molecular identification of the basidiomycete Crinipellis perniciosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Melo, S C O; Pungartnik, C; Cascardo, J C M; Brendel, M

2006-12-14

DNA isolation from some fungal organisms is difficult because they have cell walls or capsules that are relatively unsusceptible to lysis. Beginning with a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA isolation method, we developed a 30-min DNA isolation protocol for filamentous fungi by combining cell wall digestion with cell disruption by glass beads. High-quality DNA was isolated with good yield from the hyphae of Crinipellis perniciosa, which causes witches' broom disease in cacao, from three other filamentous fungi, Lentinus edodes, Agaricus blazei, Trichoderma stromaticum, and from the yeast S. cerevisiae. Genomic DNA was suitable for PCR of specific actin primers of C. perniciosa, allowing it to be differentiated from fungal contaminants, including its natural competitor, T. stromaticum.

GC-MS studies of the chemical composition of two inedible mushrooms of the genus Agaricus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gjosheva Melania

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Mushrooms in the genus Agaricus have worldwide distribution and include the economically important species A. bisporus. Some Agaricus species are inedible, including A. placomyces and A. pseudopratensis, which are similar in appearance to certain edible species, yet are known to possess unpleasant odours and induce gastrointestinal problems if consumed. We have studied the chemical composition of these mushrooms using GC-MS. Results Our GC-MS studies on the volatile fractions and butanol extracts resulted in the identification of 44 and 34 compounds for A. placomyces and A. pseudopratensis, respectively, including fatty acids and their esters, amino acids, and sugar alcohols. The most abundant constituent in the volatiles and butanol were phenol and urea respectively. We also identified the presence of ergosterol and two Δ7-sterols. In addition, 5α,8α-Epidioxi-24(ξ-methylcholesta-6,22-diene-3β-ol was isolated for the first time from both mushrooms. Our study is therefore the first report on the chemical composition of these two species. Conclusion The results obtained contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition of mushrooms belonging to the Agaricus genus, and provide some explanation for the reported mild toxicity of A. placomyces and A. pseudopratensis, a phenonomenon that can be explained by a high phenol content, similar to that found in other Xanthodermatei species.

Uncovering the abilities of Agaricus bisporus to degrade plant biomass throughout its life cycle

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Patyshakuliyeva, A.; Post, H.; Zhou, M.; Jurak, E.; Heck, A.J.R.; Hilden, K.S.; Kabel, M.A.; Makela, M.R.; Altenaar, M.A.F.; Vries, de R.P.

2015-01-01

The economically important edible basidiomycete mushroom Agaricus bisporus thrives on decaying plant material in forests and grasslands of North America and Europe. It degrades forest litter and con-tributes to global carbon recycling, depolymerizing (hemi-)cellulose and lignin in plant biomass.

A new generalization of contra-continuity via Levine's g-closed sets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caldas, Miguel; Jafari, Saeid; Noiri, Takashi; Simoes, Marilda

2007-01-01

In [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed spaces. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10], Dontchev introduced and investigated a new notion of continuity called contra-continuity. Recently, Jafari and Noiri [Jafari S, Noiri T. Contra-α-continuous functions between topological spaces. Iran Int J Sci 2001;2:153-67, Jafari S, Noiri T. Contra-super-continuous functions. Ann Univ Sci Budapest 1999;42:27-34, Jafari S, Noiri T. On contra-precontinuous functions. Bull Malaysian Math Sci Soc 2002;25(2):115-28] introduced new generalizations of contra-continuity called contra-α-continuity, contra-super-continuity and contra-precontinuity. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a generalization of contra-continuity by utilizing Levine's generalized closed sets

Growth performance of commercial temperate mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Hypsizygus sp. under local environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosnani Abdul Rashid; Mat Rasol Awang; Hassan Hamdani Hassan Mutaat; Mohd Meswan Maskom

2010-01-01

To date, the Malaysian mushroom industry focuses on only seven species of mushroom for commercial purpose. To expand and further develop the mushroom industry, new mushroom species should be introduced into our local market. Temperate mushrooms are possible to be cultivated commercially in Malaysia but the optimisation of growth performance for high quality spawn and high mushroom yield need to be studied. In the present study the growth performance of mycelia of Agaricus bisporus and Hypsizygus sp. on culture media and substrates were investigated. Four types of culture media, viz. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Nutrient Agar (NA), Malt Yeast Extract (MYE) and Complete Yeast Media (CYM) were used to determine the suitable culturing media for mycelial growth. The mycelia were inoculated on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sawdust substrate and incubated at room temperature and in a low temperature in incubation room (10 - 12 degree Celsius). From the observation, Agaricus bisporus grew better on Malt Yeast Extract (MYE) medium with a growth rate of 0.306 cm/ day. Complete Yeast Media (CYM) was found more suitable for Hypsizygus sp. with a growth rate of 1.049 cm/ day. The linear growth rate of mycelium as measured on the surface of mushroom bag of Agaricus bisporus on EFB incubated at room temperature was 0.4364 cm/ day and cool temperature was 0.055 cm/ day. For Hypsizygus sp. the linear growth rate of the mycelium was 2.11 cm/ day. The linear growth of Hypsizygus sp. on sawdust substrate incubated in cool temperature was 1.4 cm/ day. (author)

Protein nutrient value evaluation of mutant strain J5 fruitbody Agaricus bazei murrill by 60Co γ-irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weng Boqi; Huang Tingjun

2004-01-01

Protein nutrient value evaluation of mutant strain J 5 fruitbody Agaricus bazei Murrill by 60 Co γ-irradiation was studied. The results showed its total content of amino acids Agaricus bazei murrill was 48.20%; chemical score 58.10; amino acids score 88.60; necessary amino acids index 89.94; biologic value 86.29; nutrient index 29.15. All the index above were higher than that in original strain J 1 , but the ratio score of amino acids of J 5 fruitbody (39.48) was lower than strain J 1 . The results indicated that nutrient value of protein in J 5 was higher than in J 1 . (authors)

Use of spent mushroom substrates from Agaricus subrufescens (syn. A. blazei, A. brasiliensis) and Lentinula edodes productions in the enrichment of a soil-based potting media for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation: Growth promotion and soil bioremediation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ribas, L C C; de Mendonça, M M; Camelini, C M; Soares, C H L

2009-10-01

This study aimed to assess physicochemical and microbiological properties of fresh spent mushroom substrates (SMSs)--without post-crop heat treatment--from Agaricus subrufescens and Lentinula edodes production to optimize the use of these residues in the soil enrichment for lettuce growth promotion and soil remediation. Organic matter and C content of both SMSs were high. Fresh A. subrufescens SMS was a good source of N, P and K. On the other hand, L. edodes SMS presented a lower concentration of these nutrients and a high level of immaturity. Both SMSs presented high electric conductivity values (2.5-3.4 mS/cm). Microbiological analysis, based upon enumeration of culturable bacteria (thermophilic and mesophilic) and fungi, and also evolution of CO(2), showed that SMSs played higher microbial diversity than soil control. Laccase activity from A. subrufescens SMS tended to remain constant during a 2-month period, while L. edodes SMS presented low laccase activity throughout the same period. Agaricus subrufescens and L. edodes were able to grow on a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media supplemented with different concentrations of atrazine (1-50 microg/ml), degraded the herbicide, attaining rates of 35% and 26%, respectively. On experiments of lettuce growth promotion using a soil-based potting media with different SMS rates, 5% and 10% (dw) rates of A. subrufescens SMS resulted in higher lettuce aerial dry weights than the rates of 25% and 40%, the chemical fertilization (NPK) and the control (soil). At 10% supplementation, lettuce aerial dry weight increased 2.2 and 1.3 times compared to the control and the NPK treatment, respectively. Protein content increased along with SMS rates. Fresh A. subrufescens SMS was an excellent supplement for lettuce growth promotion and showed potential for remediation of biocides possibly due to improved microbial diversity and enzymatic activity. Fresh L. edodes SMS was not a good fertilizer, at least under the conditions tested

Morphological and molecular characterization of three Agaricus species from tropical Asia (Pakistan, Thailand) reveals a new group in section Xanthodermatei.

Science.gov (United States)

Thongklang, Naritsada; Nawaz, Rizwana; Khalid, Abdul N; Chen, Jie; Hyde, Kevin D; Zhao, Ruilin; Parra, Luis A; Hanif, Muhammad; Moinard, Magalie; Callac, Philippe

2014-01-01

The genus Agaricus is known for its medicinal and edible species but also includes toxic species that belong to section Xanthodermatei. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction for temperate species, based on sequence data of nuc rRNA gene (rDNA) internal transcribed spacers (ITS), has revealed two major groups in this section and a possible third lineage for A. pseudopratensis. Recent research in Agaricus has shown that classifications need improving with the addition of tropical taxa. In this study we add new tropical collections to section Xanthodermatei. We describe three species from collections made in Pakistan and Thailand and include them in a larger analysis using all available ITS data for section Xanthodermatei. Agaricus bisporiticus sp. nov. and A. fuscopunctatus sp. nov. are introduced based on molecular and morphological studies, whereas A. microvolvatulus is recorded for the first time in Asia. Specimens from Thailand however have a much larger pileus than the type specimens from Congo. In maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) phylogenetic analyses these three species cluster with A. pseudopratensis from the Mediterranean area and A. murinocephalus recently described from Thailand. In Agaricus section Xanthodermatei this new group is monophyletic and receives low bootstrap support whereas the two previously known groups receive strong support. Within the new group, the most closely related species share some traits, but we did not find any unifying morphological character; however the five species of the group share a unique short nucleotide sequence. Two putatively toxic species of section Xanthodermatei are now recognized in Pakistan and six in Thailand. © 2014 by The Mycological Society of America.

The effect of process parameters and microstructural changes on a new convenience food - quick-frozen paste-coated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Su-Wen; Chang, Xue-Dong; Liu, Xiu-Feng; Jiang, Wen-Hong; Ma, Xiao-Feng

2015-03-01

The technology of quick-freezing paste-coated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) was studied and optimized. The best microwave pretreatment condition for 1 cm slices, regarding color protection, was 5.4 W/g, for 55, 55-60 and 60 s for mushrooms with 3, 4 and 5 cm diameter caps respectively. For a batch of paste (668.2-1034.6 g), the process parameters considered were oil content (46.6-63.4 g), water content (381-562.6 g) and flour content (166-334 g) with a constant additional content of 30 g starch, 9 g baking powder, 2.6 g carrageenan, 30 g salt and 3 g pepper. These parameters were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design. The optimal levels of the major paste components were 300 g flour, 432.5 g water and 50 g oil. The freezing time and sensory acceptability for paste-coated Agaricus bisporus(PCAB) under the optimized conditions were 7.49 min and 6.2 respectively. The freezing curves of PCAB were established at different temperatures and the freezing rates were calculated to find the freezing characteristics. In addition, the cell structure of PCAB, frozen at -75 °C, the lowest freezing temperature, and studied using transmission electron microscopy, was similar in quality to that of fresh Agaricus bisporus. The results suggested that Agaricus bisporus can be quick-frozen with a paste coating to produce an acceptable and nutritious convenience food.

Dose-Response Effect of Sunlight on Vitamin D2 Production in Agaricus bisporus Mushrooms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Urbain, Paul; Jakobsen, Jette

2015-01-01

The dose response effect of UV-B irradiation from sunlight on vitamin D2 content of sliced Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) during the process of sun-drying was investigated.Real-time UV-B and UV-A data were obtained using a high-performance spectroradiometer. During the first hour...

Biological efficiency of Agaricus brasiliensis cultivated in compost with nitrogen concentrations Eficiência biológica de Agaricus brasiliensis em composto com concentrações de nitrogênio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Félix G de Siqueira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The production of compost is one of the most important steps for the cultivation of any species of mushroom. For the Agaricus species, this step is even more complex because it depends on the performance of different microorganisms that act on the substrate, turning it into selective compost that promotes the growth of the fungus to be cultivated. Among the various factors that affect the microbial activity, the initial concentration of nitrogen is considered one of the most important. Due to the lack of conclusive studies about that, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity and biological efficiency of Agaricus brasiliensis in compost prepared with different initial concentrations of nitrogen, according to the composting methodology and to the conventional pasteurization techniques (phase I and II. Three initial nitrogen concentrations (w/w (T1= 1.0%; T2= 1.5%; and T3= 2.0% were tested and mycelial growth was determined in terms of mm/day for all treatments. The productivity and biological efficiency were also determined. The most efficient initial concentrations of nitrogen were of 1.0% and 1.5%. This concentration of N in the compost permitted a faster development of the mushroom with higher productivity when compared to the results obtained with the application of 2% of nitrogen.A produção do composto é uma das etapas mais importantes para o cultivo de qualquer espécie de cogumelo. Para as espécies Agaricus, essa etapa é ainda mais complexa, porque depende da atuação de diferentes microrganismos que atuam sobre o substrato, transformando-o em um composto seletivo que favorece o crescimento do fungo a ser cultivado. Dentre os diversos fatores que afetam essa atividade microbiana, a concentração inicial de nitrogênio é considerada uma das mais importantes. Em função da falta de estudos conclusivos a respeito, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produtividade e eficiência biológica de Agaricus brasiliensis em

Compost Grown Agaricus bisporus Lacks the Ability to Degrade and Consume Highly Substituted Xylan Fragments

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jurak, Edita; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; de Vries, Ronald P; Gruppen, Harry; Kabel, Mirjam A

2015-01-01

The fungus Agaricus bisporus is commercially grown for the production of edible mushrooms. This cultivation occurs on compost, but not all of this substrate is consumed by the fungus. To determine why certain fractions remain unused, carbohydrate degrading enzymes, water-extracted from

Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus and A. brasiliensis: chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for final healthy product - natural preservatives in yoghurt

OpenAIRE

Stojković, Dejan; Reis, Filipa S.; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Ćirić, Ana; Barros, Lillian; Van Griensven, Leo J.L.D.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Soković, Marina

2014-01-01

Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach and Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser, M. Didukh, Amazonas & Stamets are edible mushrooms. We chemically characterized these mushrooms for nutritional value, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts were assessed. Hepatotoxicity was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of both species was tested for inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth in yoghurt. Both s...

Violence against Amazon women Violencia contra mujeres amazónicas Violência contra mulheres amazônicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lúcia de Azevedo Lima

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This quantitative and exploratory study analyzed violence against Amazon women presented in print media according to type and severity, and whether aggressors fell under the Maria da Penha law. A total of 181 issues of a regional newspaper were consulted. Based on content analysis, 164 items addressing violence against women were selected and 46 were included in the corpus of analysis. Results were gathered in three thematic groups: women killed with cruelty, sexual violence against women regardless of age, and violence against women and the limitations of the Maria da Penha law. Violence against these women varied in terms of form and severity, including up to homicide. Women are submitted to sexual violence from childhood through adulthood. The enforcement of this law shows the community it has a means to cope with this social phenomenon.Este es un estudio exploratorio de naturaleza cualitativa, que se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la violencia contra mujeres amazónicas, presentada en los periódicos, según el tipo y su gravedad, y citación de encuadramiento del agresor en la Ley Maria de la Penha. Fueron consultados 181 ejemplares de un periódico regional. A partir del análisis de contenido, fueron seleccionadas 164 notas sobre violencias contra mujeres, de ellas 46 fueron incluidas como corpus de análisis. Los resultados fueron reunidos en tres grupos temáticos: mujeres asesinadas con crueldad, la violencia sexual contra mujeres no tiene edad y la violencia contra mujeres y el límite de la Ley Maria de la Penha. La violencia contra esas mujeres presentó variación en cuanto a la forma y a la gravedad, ocurriendo inclusive homicidios. Las mujeres son sometidas a violencia sexual desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta. El encuadramiento legal del agresor demuestra a la comunidad un medio para enfrentamiento de ese fenómeno social.Este é um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar a viol

Violencia contra las mujeres y alguien mas...

OpenAIRE

Piatti, Mª de Lujan

2013-01-01

La violencia contra las mujeres es una clara vulneración a sus derechos humanos. Es una violencia ejercida contra ellas por el solo hecho de ser mujeres; no se trata de casos aislados, sino que constituye un fenómeno social, presente en la sociedad actual sin distinción de razas, lugar geográfico, nivel cultural, religión, sistema político o económico. Investigar sobre “La violencia contra las mujeres y alguien más…”, desde una mirada multidisciplinar, significa bucear en las profundidades de...

The pathogenic fungi in mushroom cultivation of Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Imbach.

OpenAIRE

Agata Tekiela

2012-01-01

The research was conducted in a mushroom growing facility located near Rzeszów, consisting of three production cycles. The number and composition of microorganisms which accompany the mushroom cultivation depended on the healthiness of: the compost, casing and spawn of Agaricus bisporus. The presence of pathogenic fungi in the cultivation halls at the beginning of the production cycle is a serious threat to the cultivation of common mushroom because their rapid development shortens the span o...

Crystal Structure of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Tyrosinase : Identity of the Tetramer Subunits and Interaction with Tropolone

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ismaya, Wangsa T.; Rozeboom, Henriette J.; Weijn, Amrah; Mes, Jurriaan J.; Fusetti, Fabrizia; Wichers, Harry J.; Dijkstra, Bauke W.

2011-01-01

Tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of phenolic compounds into their quinone derivatives, which are precursors for the formation of melanin, a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms. Because of its importance for browning reactions in the food industry, the tyrosinase from the mushroom Agaricus

Crystal Structure of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Tyrosinase: Identity of the Tetramer Subunits and Interaction with Tropolone

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ismaya, W.T.; Rozeboom, H.J.; Weijn, A.; Mes, J.J.; Fusetti, F.; Wichers, H.J.; Dijkstra, B.W.

2011-01-01

Tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of phenolic compounds into their quinone derivatives, which are precursors for the formation of melanin, a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms. Because of its importance for browning reactions in the food industry, the tyrosinase from the mushroom Agaricus

Contra pürib sajandi rahvakirjanikuks / Aivar Kull

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kull, Aivar, 1955-

2001-01-01

Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Suusamütsi tutt : luulet aastatest 1974-2000. Urvaste ; Tartu : Mina Ise, 2001. Vaata ka: Kull, Aivar. Kulli pilk. - Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005, lk. 184-185, pealkirjaga "Contra - uue sajandi rahvakirjanik?"

Vacuna contra el VPH (HPV Vaccine)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2013-07-25

Desde el 2006, hay una vacuna que protege contra los tipos de VPH que causan cáncer con mayor frecuencia. Este podcast habla sobre la importancia de que los padres hablen con los proveedores de atención médica de sus hijos sobre ponerles la vacuna contra el VPH.  Created: 7/25/2013 by MMWR.   Date Released: 11/4/2013.

The pathogenic fungi in mushroom cultivation of Agaricus bisporus (Lange. Imbach.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agata Tekiela

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The research was conducted in a mushroom growing facility located near Rzeszów, consisting of three production cycles. The number and composition of microorganisms which accompany the mushroom cultivation depended on the healthiness of: the compost, casing and spawn of Agaricus bisporus. The presence of pathogenic fungi in the cultivation halls at the beginning of the production cycle is a serious threat to the cultivation of common mushroom because their rapid development shortens the span of fruiting body harvests.

Effect of an Extract from Saprozoic Nematode-Infested Compost on the Mycelial Growth of Agaricus brunnescens

OpenAIRE

Kaufman, T. D.; Bloom, J. R.; Lukezic, F. L.

1983-01-01

Extracts from compost infested with Caenorhabditis elegans suppressed mycelial growth of Agaricus brunnescens. An extract from uninfested compost also inhibited mycelial growth but to a lesser degree. The critical role of compost bacteria and/or other compost micro-organisms is implicated by these results.

Avaliação Laboratorial de Anticorpos Contra o Vírus da Hepatite C em Voluntários Imunizados contra a Hepatite B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Cristina de Santana Garcia

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Considerando que (1 após a imunização contra o HBV é possível detectarmos níveis séricos de anti-HBc e anti-HBSag, (2 a infecção pelo HBV ocorre, principalmente, através de contato sexual, sendo mais freqüentemente associada com os vírus das hepatites tipos A, B, C e Delta com evolução para doenças hepática crônica e (3 a definição do agente infeccioso responsável pela hepatite C (diagnóstico etiológico é dada através da investigação do marcador sorológico Anti-HCV, este trabalho apresentou como objetivo investigar, através de ensaio de ELISA, a possível reação cruzada de anticorpos contra o vírus da Hepatite C em voluntários imunizados contra a Hepatite B. Assim, neste estudo, selecionamos 20 voluntários (ambos os sexos imunizados contra o vírus da hepatite B e que relataram não serem portadores do vírus da hepatite C. Em amostras de soro, foi realizada, através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA, a pesquisa de anticorpos IgM contra o vírus da hepatite C. A análise laboratorial revelou que todos os voluntários selecionados não foram capazes de produzir anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite C quando submetidos à imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B. Este estudo mostra que a imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B realizada na Rede Pública de Saúde é, exclusivamente, capaz de produzir resposta imune humoral somente contra este agente viral e não permite a estimulação de anticorpos inespecíficos.

Use of spent compost in the cultivation of Agaricus blazei | Favara ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campos, MT de Almeida Minhoni, OAAP Siqueira, MCN de Andrade. Abstract. Two compost formulations, based on Braquiaria straw (Brachiaria sp.), a conventional one and a spent one, were tested in the cultivation of ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49 ...

Agaricus chionodermus Pilát, a species new to Bulgaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Nikolova Lacheva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The article presents the first record of Agaricus chionoderma Pilát in Bulgaria. Basidiomata of the species were found on June 2004, September 2010, and September 2011 in the Thracian Lowland floristic region. The article brings closer taxonomic profile, ecological requirements and distribution pattern of the species. Differences from similar species are discussed. It also describes macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the discovered specimens and presents the specification of habitat the fungus concerned. The species are described and illustrated by photographs of macroscopic and microscopic features on the basis of Bulgarian specimens.

A comparative genomic analysis of the oxidative enzymes potentially involved in lignin degradation by Agaricus bisporus

Science.gov (United States)

Harshavardhan Doddapaneni; Venkataramanan Subramanian; Bolei Fu; Dan Cullen

2013-01-01

The oxidative enzymatic machinery for degradation of organic substrates in Agaricus bisporus (Ab) is at the core of the carbon recycling mechanisms in this fungus. To date, 156 genes have been tentatively identified as part of this oxidative enzymatic machinery, which includes 26 peroxidase encoding genes, nine copper radical oxidase [including three...

Unraveling the mystery of commercial cultivation of Agaricus bisporus : plant biomass utilization and its effect on mushroom production

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Patyshakuliyeva, A.

2015-01-01

Agaricus bisporus, the white button mushroom, is economically the most important mushroom cultivated worldwide. Growth of A. bisporus needs a substrate produced by the composting of animal manure, wheat straw, gypsum, water and different additives. Therefore lignocellulose which is a complex mixture

Lignin degradation by Agaricus bisporus accounts for a 30% increase in bioavailable holocellulose during cultivation on compost

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Have, Ten R.; Wijngaard, H.; Aries - Kronenburg, N.A.E.; Straatsma, G.; Schaap, P.J.

2003-01-01

The common mushroom Agaricus bisporus is a non-white rot saphrophytic fungus that can degrade lignin to free and utilize holocellulose embedded in fermented straw as present in compost. A new method is described to estimate the actual amount of bioavailable holocellulose in 3.8 kg compost cultures

The cultivation of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Champignon): micro-organisms and preservability.

Science.gov (United States)

Zicari, Giuseppe; Rivetti, Daniela; Soardo, Vincenzo; Cerrato, Elena; Panata, Marisa

2011-01-01

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms requires the use of substrates that are potentially dangerous from the microbiological point of view, such as chicken and horse manure. Microorganisms can pose risks to consumers and workers, and generate lower profits. Packaging of fresh mushrooms with impermeable films is used to extend their shelf life but creates anaerobic and humidity conditions that could favour the growth of microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum. This paper examines some alternatives for packaging fresh mushrooms and the resulting potential microbiological hazards.

Cryopreservation at -75 °C of Agaricus subrufescens on wheat grains with sucrose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lienine Luiz Zaghi Júnior

Full Text Available Abstract Agaricus subrufescens is a basidiomycete which is studied because of its medicinal and gastronomic importance; however, less attention has been paid to its preservation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sucrose addition to substrate and cryotube on the viability of Agaricus subrufescens cryopreserved at -20 °C and at -75 °C for one and two years. Zero, 10% or 20% sucrose was added to potato dextrose agar or wheat grain. The mycelia were cryopreserved in the absence of cryoprotectant or with sucrose solutions at 15%, 30% or 45%. After one or two years at -75 °C or at -20 °C, mycelia were thawed and evaluated about viability, initial time of growth, colony diameter and genomic stability. Cryopreservation at -20 °C is not effective to keep mycelial viability of this fungus. Cryopreservation at -75 °C is effective when sucrose is used in substrates and/or cryotubes. Without sucrose, cryopreservation at -75 °C is effective only when wheat grains are used. Physiological characteristic as mycelial colony diameter is negatively affected when potato dextrose agar is used and unaffected when wheat grain is used after two-year cryopreservation at -75 °C. The fungus genome does not show alteration after two-year cryopreservation at -75 °C.

Evaluation of indigenous potent mushroom growth promoting bacteria (MGPB) on Agaricus bisporus production.

Science.gov (United States)

Zarenejad, F; Yakhchali, B; Rasooli, I

2012-01-01

Mushrooms such as Agaricus bisporus, are cultivated for food worldwide. Fruit body initiation in Agaricus bisporus is a phase change from the vegetative to the reproductive stage which depends on the presence of a casing layer with particular physical, chemical and microbiological properties. The phase change is achieved practically by environmental manipulation and the presence of naturally occurring bacteria such as Pseuodomonas putida. In this study, 274 individual bacterial isolates were collected by screening the casing layer of 14 edible mushroom farms. The isolates were analysed with respect to biochemical properties, organic and inorganic phosphate solubilization, production of siderophore and growth in the presence of volatile compound of 1-octen-3-ol. It was found that approximately 97% of the strains were able to grow in the presence of 1-octen-3-ol and 36% were able to solubilize phosphorus. Among the isolates, 23 strains were selected as potent mushroom growth promoting bacteria (MGPB) for inoculation of the casing layer. Field experiments using these strains showed various promoting effects on production of mushroom. Finally, 2 strains (strains Bt4 and Ps7) showing the highest increase in A. bisporus production, were characterized as Pseuodomonas putida by molecular methods and identified as the best suited growth promoting inoculants for application in production farms for increasing the mushroom yield.

The physiology of Agaricus bisporus in semi-commercial compost cultivation appears to be highly conserved among unrelated isolates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pontes, María Victoria Aguilar; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; Post, Harm; Jurak, Edita; Hildén, Kristiina; Altelaar, Maarten; Heck, Albert; Kabel, Mirjam A; de Vries, Ronald P; Mäkelä, Miia R

2017-01-01

The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely produced edible fungus with a great economical value. Its commercial cultivation process is often performed on wheat straw and animal manure based compost that mainly contains lignocellulosic material as a source of carbon and

The physiology of Agaricus bisporus in semi-commercial compost cultivation appears to be highly conserved among unrelated isolates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pontes, María Victoria Aguilar; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; Post, Harm; Jurak, Edita; Hildén, Kristiina; Altelaar, Maarten; Heck, Albert; Kabel, Mirjam A.; Vries, de Ronald P.; Mäkelä, Miia R.

2018-01-01

The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely produced edible fungus with a great economical value. Its commercial cultivation process is often performed on wheat straw and animal manure based compost that mainly contains lignocellulosic material as a source of carbon and

DETERIORATION AND SOME OF APPLIED PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES FOR COMMON MUSHROOMS (AGARICUS BISPORUS, FOLLOWED BY LENTINUS EDODES, PLEUROTUS SPP.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamid Akbarirad

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Mushrooms are consider as a nutritional and health beneficial product. Three most cultivated mushrooms worldwide are Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus spp. Mushrooms are highly perishable. They tend to lose quality after harvest, mainly because of their high respiration rate and the fact that they have no barrier to protect them from water loss. Mushrooms’ shelf-life is limited to a few days under normal refrigeration conditions, which is a constraint on the distribution and marketing of fresh product, making extension of mushroom’s shelf life a constant quest. Modified atmosphere packaging provides an affordable packaging system that partly avoids enzymatic browning, fermentation and other biochemical processes by maintaining a controlled gas atmosphere. However, modified atmosphere packaging conditions should be carefully designed. Inappropriate modified atmosphere conditions may be ineffective or even shorten the shelf life of the product due to damage of tissues. Preservation techniques and specially use of MAP, specifically for Agaricus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus, is reviewed.

Qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer colorretal em uso de suplementação dietética com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus após seis meses de segmento: ensaio clínico aleatorizado e placebo-controlado Quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer on dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus: after six months of segment: randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Costa Fortes

2007-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer gastrointestinal compromete a qualidade de vida devido às alterações fisiológicas, metabólicas e psicológicas. Fungos medicinais podem melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória. METODOLOGIA: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado, realizado no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal. Amostra constituída por 56 pacientes (24 homens e 32 mulheres, estádios I, II e III, separados em grupos placebo e Agaricus sylvaticus (30mg/kg/dia, e acompanhados por um período de seis meses. Para avaliar os indicadores da qualidade de vida foram utilizados um formulário-padrão e uma anamnese dirigida-padrão. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e descritiva, utilizando os programas Microsoft Excel 2003 e Epi Info 2004. RESULTADOS: Após seis meses de tratamento, observou-se, no grupo Agaricus sylvaticus, aumento da adesão à prática de atividade física, melhora da disposição e do humor, redução das queixas de dores e das alterações do sono como insônia e noites mal dormidas comparado com o grupo placebo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação dietética com Agaricus sylvaticus pode melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes no pós-operatório de câncer colorretal.INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal cancer jeopardizes the quality of life through physiological, metabolic and psychological alterations. Medicinal fungus may boost the quality of life of patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus in relation to the quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer during post-surgery phase. METHODOLOGY: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial carried out at the Federal District Hospital - Brazil, for

First report of Syzygites megalocarpus (Mucorales) web mold on the commercial portabella button mushroom Agaricus bisporus in North America

Science.gov (United States)

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach mushrooms are cultivated commercially under environmentally controlled conditions in several states within the US. They are the most important crop in Pennsylvania and an important high value crop in many other states. In August 2011 we first observed a mucoraceous m...

Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche

Science.gov (United States)

Emmanuelle Morin; Annegret Kohler; Adam R. Baker; Marie Foulongne-Oriol; Vincent Lombard; Laszlo G. Nagy; Robin A. Ohm; Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva; Annick Brun; Andrea L. Aerts; Andrew M. Bailey; Christophe Billette; Pedro M. Coutinho; Greg Deakin; Harshavardhan Doddapaneni; Dimitrios Floudas; Jane Grimwood; Kristiina Hild& #233; n; Ursula K& #252; es; Kurt M. LaButti; Alla Lapidus; Erika A. Lindquist; Susan M. Lucas; Claude Murat; Robert W. Riley; Asaf A. Salamov; Jeremy Schmutz; Venkataramanan Subrananian; Han A.B. W& #246; sten; Jianping Xu; Daniel C. Eastwood; Gary D. Foster; Anton S.M. Sonnenberg; Daniel Cullen; Ronald P. de Vries; Taina Lundell; David S. Hibbett; Bernard Henrissat; Kerry S. Burton; Richard W. Kerrigan; Michael P. Challen; Igor V. Grigoriev; Francis Martin

2012-01-01

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence,and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar...

Alterações lipídicas em pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado e duplo-cego com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus Lipidic alterations in patients with colorectal cancer in post-surgery phase: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Costa Fortes

2008-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Alterações no metabolismo lipídico são comuns em pacientes com câncer. Fungos medicinais podem exibir atividade hipolipidêmica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com fungos Agaricus sylvaticus no perfil lipídico de pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado, realizado no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal por seis meses. Amostra constituída por 56 pacientes, estádios I, II e III, separados em dois grupos: placebo e suplementado com Agaricus sylvaticus (30mg/kg/dia. Resultados analisados pelos programas Microsoft Excel 2003 e SPSS 14.0 com p = 0.05. RESULTADOS: O grupo Agaricus sylvaticus apresentou níveis séricos iniciais de colesterol total de 207.36±52.67mg/dL, lipoproteína de baixa densidade de 120.79±44.02mg/dL e triglicérides de 181.64±187.52mg/dL. Após seis meses de suplementação, observou-se redução para 191.11±39.72mg/dL (p = 0.01, 103.08±39.20mg/dL (p = 0.0001 e 168.04±146.91mg/dL (p = 0.18, respectivamente. No grupo placebo, observou-se aumento não-significativo de colesterol total (p = 0.08 e aumento significativo de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (p = 0.01 e triglicérides (p = 0.0001. Não foram observadas, em ambos os grupos, alterações significantes nos níveis de lipoproteína de alta densidade e lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação dietética com Agaricus sylvaticus pode melhorar significativamente o perfil lipídico de pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória.INTRODUCTION: Alterations in the lipidic metabolism are common in patients with cancer. Medicinal fungus may show hypolipidemic activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus in lipidic profile of patients with colorectal cancer in post-surgery phase. MEHTODS: Randomized, double

Irradiation of mushrooms (Agaricus campestris L) to extend their shelf-life

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lescano, G.

1990-01-01

Mushrooms (Agaricus campestris L) were irradiated with 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 kGy, being then stored either at 10 deg C ± 1 deg C or at room temperature (20 deg C ± 2 deg C), with the purpose of determining the most convenient condition to extend their shelf-life. It is concluded that 3.0 kGy and 10 deg C are the most suitable for that, leading to the inhibition of cap opening and stem elongation, less darkening and no evidence of fungal development until 17th day. Subsequentely almost a duplication of their shelf-life was obtained. (Author) [es

Expression of the urease gene of Agaricus bisporus: a tool for studying fruit body formation and post-harvest development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wagemaker, M.J.M.; Eastwood, D.C.; Drift, van der C.; Jetten, M.S.M.; Burton, K.; Griensven, van L.J.L.D.; Camp, op den H.J.M.

2006-01-01

Fruit body initials of Agaricus bisporus contain high levels of urea, which decrease in the following developmental stages until stage 4 (harvest) when urea levels increase again. At storage, the high urea content may affect the quality of the mushroom, i.e. by the formation of ammonia from urea

Agaricus bohusii from Serbia: chemical characterization, antioxidant potential and antifungal preserving properties in cream cheese

OpenAIRE

Reis, Filipa S.; Stojković, Dejan; Soković, Marina; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Ćirić, Ana; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.

2012-01-01

Mushrooms are widely appreciated all over the world for their nutritional and bioactive properties. They have been considered valuable health foods being a source of many different nutraceuticals, including antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds [1,2]. Agaricus bohusii Bon is an edible and prized mushroom especially common in Serbia and southern Europe. As far as we know, there are no studies about this species. In the present work, a detailed chemical characterization of A. bohusii was ...

An Exploration into the Bacterial Community under Different Pasteurization Conditions during Substrate Preparation (Composting-Phase II) for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieira, Fabricio Rocha; Pecchia, John Andrew

2018-02-01

Substrate preparation (i.e., composting) for Agaricus bisporus cultivation is the most critical point of mushroom production. Among many factors involved in the composting process, the microbial ecology of the system is the underlying drive of composting and can be influenced by composting management techniques. Pasteurization temperature at the beginning of phase II, in theory, may influence the bacterial community and subsequently the "selectivity" and nutrition of the final substrate. Therefore, this hypothesis was tested by simulation in bioreactors under different pasteurization conditions (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h), simulating conditions adopted by many producers. Bacterial diversity, based on 16S ribosomal RNA obtained by high-throughput sequencing and classified in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was greater than previously reported using culture-dependent methods. Alpha diversity estimators show a lower diversity of OTUs under a high-temperature pasteurization condition. Bacillales order shows a relatively higher OTU abundance under a high-pasteurization temperature, which also was related to high ammonia emission measurements. On the other hand, beta diversity analysis showed no significantly changes in the bacterial community structure under different conditions. Agaricus bisporus mycelium growth during a standard spawn run period was significantly slower in the compost pasteurized at high temperature. Since the bacterial community structure was not greatly affected by different pasteurization conditions but by-products left (e.g., ammonia) at the end of compost conditioning varied, further studies need to be conducted to determine the functional role of the microbial communities found during substrate preparation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.

Extension of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) shelf life by gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lescano, G.

1994-01-01

Fresh mushroom sporophores (Agaricus bisporus) were placed in trays and covered with PVC film. Forty-eight of the number of packs were irradiated by a γ-source with a dose of 3 kGy, and the remaining 24 treated as control packs. Both treated and control samples were subsequently stored at 10 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 94 ± 6%. After storage, mushrooms were subjected to quality assessments and taste panel-testing, both raw and when cooked. Irradiated sporophores had an extended shelf-life compared with control samples, with less browning and a delay in cap opening. Desiccation was slowed and stipe elongation reduced so that irradiated mushrooms were still acceptable for consumption 16 days after treatment. Deleterious effects of irradiation at this relatively low level were not observed

Contra Copyright, Again

OpenAIRE

Wendy McElroy

2011-01-01

This revised version of the author’s 1985 article “Contra Copyright” includes a new, introductory section explaining the background of the author’s path to copyright abolitionism. The main article surveys various libertarian debates on this issue, including the anti-intellectual property (IP) views of Benjamin Tucker and the pro-IP views of Lysander Spooner. McElroy argues that the issue of copyright hinges on the question: can ideas be property? Because only scarce goods can be property, and...

Contra trading in Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad: a Sharīʿah and legal appraisal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noor Suhaida Kasri

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the practice of contra trading in Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. Through a critical examination of the practice, it aims to discuss the issues from the angles of Sharīʿah and Malaysian common law. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a qualitative research methodology. The information on the practice of contra trading is obtained through the Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad’s website and literature as well as series of meetings and discussions held with Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. In comprehending and dissecting the Sharīʿah and legal issues, classical along with contemporary Sharīʿah literature including local and international Sharīʿah advisory bodies’ resolutions and standards have been referred to. The Sharīʿah analysis of these issues is further supported by reference to the statute and by-laws of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad as well as other related legal literature. Findings - This paper finds that contra trading involves a real sale and purchase of shares; the shares are not taken into the possession of the contra trader, neither physically nor constructively; the liability of shares is not transferred to the contra trader; though the practice of profiting in contra trading may contradict the prohibition on profiting without bearing liability, the permissibility of contra trading could still be argued from the contextual approach of public interest (maṣlaḥah and needs (hājah; and contra trading is not gambling. Research limitations/implications - This paper is limited in its analysis to only Sharīʿah and legal perspectives. It does not cover a thorough empirical and quantitative investigation that would measure the extent of the public needs for contra trading and the real benefits that contra trading brings about to the society in the long run. Such studies will further demonstrate whether contra trading deserves a relaxation from the strict Shar

Identification of the cadmium binding compounds in Agaricus arvensis hyphae using 109Cd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jackl, G.A.; Kollmer, W.E.; Reidel, G.

1987-01-01

Hyphae from the edible mushroom Agaricus arvensis were grown in a liquid medium supplemented with 1 mg cadmium per litre. The heavy metal had no influence on the growth of the fungus at this concentration. Cell extracts were labeled in vitro with radioactive 109 Cd. Cadmium was found in two main fractions having apparent molecular weights of about 500 and 1500 dalton. These fractions were identified by chemical analysis of cadmium as well as by radioactive labeling. The in vitro labeling procedure with radioactive cadmium is a more rapid procedure than analyzing the element in the original sample. (author)

A phylogenetic reconstruction and emendation of Agaricus section Duploannulatae.

Science.gov (United States)

Challen, Michael P; Kerrigan, Richard W; Callac, Philippe

2003-01-01

Agaricus section Duploannulatae comprises the group of species allied with A. bisporus and A. bitorquis. Disagreement exists in the literature regarding the composition of this group. We used DNA sequence data from the ITS segments of the nuclear ribosomal DNA region, in a sample of European and North American isolates, to identify characters shared by this group, to further delimit species-level taxa within the section, and to develop a phylogenetic hypothesis. Shared polymorphisms that suggest a natural limit for section Duploannulatae were found. ITS1 data were assessed using parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood methods of phylogeny. The section Duploannulatae comprised six robust clades. Five clades corresponded to well characterized species from the temperate Northern Hemisphere (A. bisporus, A. subfloccosus, A. bitorquis, A. vaporarius, A. cupressicola). The sixth clade encompassed an A. devoniensis complex. Species concepts, nomenclature, and relationships are discussed and compared with prior reports.

Pancreas Protective Effect of Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (JE Lange) Imbach (Agaricomycetidae) Extract on Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Dia betes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Yamac, M.; Kanbak, G.; Zeytinoglu, M.; Senturk, H.; Bayramoglu, G.; Dokumacioglu, A.; Griensven, van L.J.L.D.

2010-01-01

In the present study we describe the effects of hot water extract of the culinary-medicinal button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, on the symptoms of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats. A. bisporus extract at the doses of 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day were

Efectividad del tratamiento de la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes drogodependientes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Fernández-Montalvo

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la efectividad de los programas de tratamiento psicológico para drogodependientes, que presentan conductas violentas contra la pareja. Para ello, se revisan, en primer lugar, los estudios que valoran la influencia del tratamiento habitual sobre las adicciones y la reducción de las conductas violentas contra la pareja. En segundo lugar, se analizan los resultados de los programas de intervención conjunta que se han desarrollado hasta la fecha, en el ámbito internacional, en los centros de tratamiento para la adicción con drogodependientes que ejercen, además, violencia contra la pareja. Los resultados muestran, por una parte, que la intervención con pacientes adictos produce una disminución importante en la tasa de violencia contra la pareja asociada a la adicción. Por otra parte, los programas de intervención con adicciones constituyen un marco de gran utilidad para aplicar, de forma conjunta, tratamientos específicos para aquellos adictos con un problema asociado de violencia contra la pareja. Los resultados de estos programas de intervención muestran los mejores datos en la reducción de la tasa de violencia contra la pareja de los pacientes adictos. Se comentan las implicaciones de todo ello para la práctica clínica y para las investigaciones futuras.

Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of Interactions between Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing Hyphae and Bacteria in Casing Soil

OpenAIRE

Masaphy, Segula; Levanon, D.; Tchelet, R.; Henis, Y.

1987-01-01

Relationships between the hyphae of Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. Whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calcium oxalate crystals, the casing layer contained mainly wide hyphae or mycelial strands without crystals. The bacterial population in the hyphal environment consisted of several ...

Obtaining of high-yield strains of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach using UV-Irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolesnichenko, L.P.; Dudka, Yi.O.; Byis'ko, N.A.

1979-01-01

The possibility of growing new forms of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach with the changed crop capacity and albumen content under the effect of different doses and sources (lamp and laser) of UV-irradiation, has been studied. The 125 strain of the Ukr. SSR Academy of Siences has been subjected to investigations. The maximum crop capacity (2,11 kg/m 2 higher than the control crop capacity) has been obtained with the density of lamp irradiation energy of 0.6 J/cm 2 . Crop capacity increase for laser irradiation is observed at the energy density of 4.8 J/cm 2

Effect of the addition of nitrogen sources to cassava fiber and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on Agaricus brasiliensis growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Mantovani, T R D; Linde, G A; Colauto, N B

2007-01-01

The same substratum formulation to grow Agaricus bisporus has been used to grow Agaricus brasiliensis since its culture started in Brazil. Despite being different species, many of the same rules have been used for composting or axenic cultivation when it comes to nitrogen content and source in the substrate. The aim of this study was to verify the mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis in different ammonium sulfate and (or) urea concentrations added to cassava fiber and different carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios to increase the efficiency of axenic cultivation. Two nitrogen sources (urea and (or) ammonium sulfate) added to cassava fiber were tested for the in vitro mycelial growth in different C:N ratios (ranging from 2.5:l to 50:l) in the dark at 28 degrees C. The radial mycelial growth was measured after 8 days of growth and recorded photographically at the end of the experiment. Nitrogen from urea enhanced fungal growth better than ammonium sulfate or any mixture of nitrogen. The best C:N ratios for fungal growth were from 10:l to 50:l; C:N ratios below 10:l inhibited fungal growth.

Rugas glabelares: estudo piloto dos padrões de contração

OpenAIRE

Ada Regina Trindade de Almeida; Elisa Raquel Martins da Costa Marques; Bogdana Victoria Kadunc

2010-01-01

Introdução: A atividade muscular nd glabela Provocação rugas perpendiculares à Direção decontração dos Músculos, hoje tratadas Pela toxina botulínica.Variações interpessoais nd forma de contração local, São exibidas Durante a Animação facial. Apesar dos Inúmeros artigos publicados Sobre o tema, Os padrões de contração glabelar Ainda Não Foram estudados adequadamente e Classificados. Objetivo: Identificar e classificar Os padrões de contração glabelar encontrados Na população Que recebe Tratam...

Una aproximación al concepto de crímenes contra la humanidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Díaz Soto

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo explora el concepto de “crímenes contra la humanidad”, a partir de una revisión histórica y del análisis de los distintos instrumentos internacionales que han consagrado esta categoría normativa. De igual modo, pretende ilustrar al lector acerca de la teoría de los crímenes contra la humanidad formulada por el profesor de la Universidad de Georgetown David J. Luban, para quien el rasgo definidor de estos delitos es que atentan contra la naturaleza política del ser humano. Por último, se destaca la influencia del pensamiento de Luban en la reciente jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia acerca de los crímenes contra la humanidad.

Desarrollo de agentes inmunizantes contra el dengue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. López Antuñano

2000-05-01

Full Text Available El complejo de los cuatro flavivirus del dengue es transmitido principalmente por el mosquito Aedes aegypti. Se han atribuido epidemias a la actividad de A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis y a varias especies del complejo A. scutellaris. Los factores de riesgo que determinan la probabilidad de enfermar o morir por dengue están relacionados tanto con el huésped (características genéticas, estado inmunitario, forma de vida y condiciones de salud, saneamiento básico de la vivienda y abastecimiento de agua potable como con el virus (variabilidad genética de cepas entre y dentro de los serotipos, diferente capacidad patógena y distribución geográfica. A pesar de la falta de conocimiento sobre la inmunobiopatología del dengue, se han hecho importantes avances para conseguir una respuesta inmunitaria protectora con virus atenuados y con antígenos obtenidos por medio de tecnologías recombinantes. Desde los años 40, se ha intentado desarrollar vacunas contra el dengue. La inmunidad que se adquiere por infección natural es específica para cada serotipo y se han documentado infecciones por tres serotipos diferentes en la misma persona, por lo que probablemente sea necesaria una vacuna tetravalente. En voluntarios se han probado vacunas contra los cuatro serotipos que han sido inmunógenas y seguras. Aunque las vacunas con virus atenuados son prometedoras, son necesarios nuevos estudios sobre su eficacia y seguridad. Actualmente están en curso estudios para producir vacunas contra el virus del dengue mediante tecnologías de ADN recombinante y otras técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando como antígenos proteínas estructurales (principalmente la glicoproteína E y no estructurales. Con el mismo propósito se han usado varios vectores de expresión, como Escherichia coli, baculovirus, virus de la vacuna y virus de la fiebre amarilla. Lamentablemente, no se han obtenido resultados satisfactorios en el hombre. La necesidad de desarrollar

La violencia sexual como un atentado contra la dignidad de la mujer

OpenAIRE

Gil Millan, Maximiliana

2015-01-01

La violencia sexual contra la mujer es la manifestación extrema de la desigualdad y del sometimiento en el que viven las mujeres en el mundo. Constituye un atentado contra el derecho a la vida, a la libertad, y la dignidad de las mujeres. Por tanto, para

Further Insights into the Catalytical Properties of Deglycosylated Pyranose Dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris Recombinantly Expressed in Pichia pastoris

OpenAIRE

Yakovleva, Maria E.; Killyeni, Aniko; Seubert, Oliver; Conghaile, Peter O.; MacAodha, Domhnall; Leech, Donal; Gonaus, Christoph; Popescu, Ionel Catalin; Peterbauer, Clemens K.; Kjellstrom, Sven; Gorton, Lo

2013-01-01

The present study focuses on fragmented deglycosylated pyranose dehydrogenase (fdgPDH) from Agaricus meleagris recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris. Fragmented deglycosylated PDH is formed from the deglycosylated enzyme (dgPDH) when it spontaneously loses a C-terminal fragment when stored in a buffer solution at 4 °C. The remaining larger fragment has a molecular weight of ∼46 kDa and exhibits higher volumetric activity for glucose oxidation compared with the deglycosylated and glycosyl...

Tratamentos térmicos do calxisto para uso como camada de cobertura no cultivo de Agaricus brasiliensis Thermal treatments on lime schist casing layer for Agaricus brasiliensis cultivation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Barros Colauto

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A escolha da camada de cobertura é uma das mais importantes etapas do cultivo de Agaricus brasiliensis. Apesar dessa importância, poucos estudos relatam o uso de diferentes tratamentos térmicos para o controle da microbiota em camadas de cobertura alternativas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da pasteurização e da autoclavagem do material alternativo calxisto para utilização como camada de cobertura no cultivo de A. brasiliensis. O fungo foi inicialmente crescido em grãos de trigo e transferido para meio de cultivo previamente compostado. Após a completa colonização, a camada de cobertura (calxisto pasteurizada ou autoclavada foi adicionada. Avaliaram-se a eficiência biológica, o número e a biomassa de cogumelos produzidos e o fluxo de produção. Concluiu-se que a camada de cobertura com calxisto autoclavado reduzem o tempo de produção, a eficiência biológica e o número e a biomassa de cogumelos cultivados. Entretanto, a camada de cobertura com o calxisto pasteurizado é a mais eficiente para o cultivo de A. brasiliensis.Casing layer choice is one of the most important phases on Agaricus brasiliensis cultivation. Besides the importance of it few studies report the use of different heat treatments to control the microbiota in alternative casing layers. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pasteurized or autoclaved lime schist as an alternative casing layer on A. brasiliensis cultivation. The fungus was previously grown on wheat grains and transferred to a substratum previously composted. After substratum mycelium colonization a pasteurized or autoclaved lime schist casing layer was added on. It was evaluated the biological efficiency, the number and mass of produced mushroom and the production flush along cultivation. It was concluded that autoclaved lime schist casing layer decreases period of production, biological efficiency, number and mass of cultivated mushrooms. However

Ave sol contra excrementum : Kiri / Harri Tibar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tibar, Harri

1996-01-01

Peeter Sauteri novell 'Kõhuvalu'. Vastukaja : Bogovski, Paul. Surun kätt, dotsent hr. Tibar! // Sõnumileht. - 1996. - 24. apr. - Lk.14; Väljataga, Märt. Viisipärasus contra inimlähedus // Sõnumileht. - 1996. - 26. apr. - Lk.14

La persecución jurídica contra Prisciliano

OpenAIRE

Bravo Bosch, María José

2009-01-01

En este trabajo analizamos los motivos reales para encausar a Prisciliano, y la legalidad del proceso llevado a cabo contra el obispo de Ávila, por el que fue condenado a pena de muerte en un proceso civil, extraño a la condición eclesiástica de Prisciliano. La conclusión es que el proceso fue legal desde el punto de vista formal, pero no los motivos que se adujeron para llegar a la pena máxima contra el célebre reo. In this paper we analyze the real reasons to prosecute Prisciliano, and l...

Obtaining of high-yield strains of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach using UV-Irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kolesnichenko, L P; Dudka, Yi O; Byis' ko, N A

1979-01-01

The possibility of growing new forms of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach with the changed crop capacity and albumen content under the effect of different doses and sources (lamp and laser) of UV-irradiation, has been studied. The 125 strain of the Ukr. SSR Academy of Siences has been subjected to investigations. The maximum crop capacity (2,11 kg/m/sup 2/ higher than the control crop capacity) has been obtained with the density of lamp irradiation energy of 0.6 J/cm/sup 2/. Crop capacity increase for laser irradiation is observed at the energy density of 4.8 J/cm/sup 2/.

Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus and A. brasiliensis: chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for the final healthy product--natural preservatives in yoghurt.

Science.gov (United States)

Stojković, Dejan; Reis, Filipa S; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Ćirić, Ana; Barros, Lillian; Van Griensven, Leo J L D; Ferreira, Isabel C F R; Soković, Marina

2014-07-25

Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach and Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser, M. Didukh, Amazonas & Stamets are edible mushrooms. We chemically characterized these mushrooms for nutritional value, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts were assessed. Hepatotoxicity was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of both species was tested for inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth in yoghurt. Both species proved to be a good source of bioactive compounds. A. brasiliensis was richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids and revealed the highest concentration of phenolic acids, and tocopherols. A. bisporus showed the highest monounsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol contents. A. brasiliensis revealed the highest antioxidant potential, and its ethanolic extract displayed the highest antibacterial potential; the methanolic extract of A. bisporus revealed the highest antifungal activity. A. brasiliensis possessed better preserving properties in yoghurt.

Enfermedad injerto contra huesped: sus manifestaciones bucales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Marcela Hernández Cancino

Full Text Available La enfermedad injerto contra huésped es la principal complicación que sufren los pacientes que han recibido trasplante alogénico. Se produce como consecuencia de una reacción inflamatoria exagerada mediada por los linfocitos del donante y estimulada por aquellos tejidos que han sido lesionados por la enfermedad de base, por las infecciones previas o por el tratamiento de acondicionamiento. El diagnóstico es clínico e histopatológico. Los pacientes presentan rash maculopapular pruriginoso y doloroso que puede extenderse por toda la superficie corporal, fiebre, vómito, náuseas, diarrea y anorexia. En la mucosa bucal se observan erosiones ulceradas, extremamente dolorosas y pueden ser la primera o la única manifestación detectable clínicamente de esta enfermedad. El objetivo es presentar un caso de enfermedad de injerto contra huésped. Se trata de una mujer de 54 años de edad con linfoma no-Hodgking, que recibió tratamiento con quimioterapia, radioterapia y trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas en el 2009. Tres meses después, presentó lesiones en la piel diagnosticadas como enfermedad injerto contra huésped y tratadas con corticoesteroides, a los seis meses fue remitida al odontólogo porque se quejaba de ardor en la boca, xerostomía y dificultad para masticar, tenía úlceras en la mucosa bucal y en la lengua. En la ocasión recibió tratamiento con corticoesteroides, clorhexidina, orientaciones de higiene bucal y controles clínicos permanentes. Aunque existen protocolos para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad injerto contra el huésped, su frecuencia ha aumentado en los últimos años debido al incremento en el número de trasplantes. Por esta razón, es fundamental que el odontólogo forme parte del grupo multidisciplinario que asiste al paciente y que esté familiarizado con los signos y síntomas de esta enfermedad en la mucosa bucal, pues las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser las únicas para

Plan de defensa contra incendios en la comarca Boedo - Ojeda.

OpenAIRE

Blanco Esteban, Beatriz del

2014-01-01

El proyecto de defensa contra incendios de la comarca Boedo - Ojeda pretende realizar una planificación de la prevención y la defensa contra incendios en la comarca. La comarca es de especial interés debido a su situación de transición entre los campos y las montañas, lo que la hace especialmente variable en ecosistemas y con una gran diversidad de flora y fauna. Se trata además de una zona con campos de cultivo adyacentes a los montes, lo que configura una alta probabilidad...

Diversity and dynamics of the DNA- and cDNA-derived compost fungal communities throughout the commercial cultivation process for Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

McGee, C F; Byrne, H; Irvine, A; Wilson, J

2017-01-01

Commercial cultivation of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is performed through the inoculation of a semipasteurized composted material. Pasteurization of the compost material prior to inoculation results in a substrate with a fungal community that becomes dominated by A. bisporus. However, little is known about the composition and activity in the wider fungal community beyond the presence of A. bisporus in compost throughout the mushroom cropping process. In this study, the fungal cropping compost community was characterized by sequencing nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 amplified from extractable DNA and RNA. The fungal community generated from DNA extracts identified a diverse community containing 211 unique species, although only 51 were identified from cDNA. Agaricus bisporus was found to dominate in the DNA-derived fungal community for the duration of the cropping process. However, analysis of cDNA extracts found A. bisporus to dominate only up to the first crop flush, after which activity decreased sharply and a much broader fungal community became active. This study has highlighted the diverse fungal community that is present in mushroom compost during cropping.

Efficiency of the application of an increasing hydrogel dose in bispore mushrooms cultivation. Agaricus bisporus (Lange Sing. Imbach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grzegorz Koc

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The economical efficiency of the application of an increasing hydrogel dose in bispore mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (Lange Sing. Imbach SYLVAN 737 has been experimented in controlled weather conditions. It was found that the application of a 50 and 150 g•m-2 hydrogel dose is not economically proved due to the lack of harvest significant increase. In the cultivation of this particular variety of mushrooms, the optimal hydrogel dose should not be 100 g•m-2 of subsoil.

Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of Interactions between Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing Hyphae and Bacteria in Casing Soil

Science.gov (United States)

Masaphy, Segula; Levanon, D.; Tchelet, R.; Henis, Y.

1987-01-01

Relationships between the hyphae of Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. Whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calcium oxalate crystals, the casing layer contained mainly wide hyphae or mycelial strands without crystals. The bacterial population in the hyphal environment consisted of several types, some attached to the hyphae with filamentlike structures. This attachment may be important in stimulation of pinhead initiation. Images PMID:16347340

La imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en Uruguay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Sánchez Patrón

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La ratificación del Convenio sobre la imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes de guerra y de los crímenes de lesa humanidad por parte de Uruguay, constituye un primer paso dirigido a limitar la impunidad de los partícipes en la comisión de estas infracciones internacionales. Para la consecución de esta misma finalidad, el Estado Uruguayo ha dado un segundo paso, consistente en la ratificación del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, lo que ha llevado a efecto casi un año después del anterior. Ambas decisiones demuestran la intención de Uruguay de comprometerse Internacionalmente con el fin de evitar la impunidad de los responsables de la comisión de determinadas figuras delictivas, especialmente los crímenes de guerra y los crímenes contra la humanidad, ya que en tomo a estas dos infracciones internacionales gravitan los convenios internacionales a los que nos acabamos de referir.Contenido: imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el pasado. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el presente. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el futuro. Conclusiones

The effect of Agaricus brasiliensis extract supplementation on honey bee colonies.

Science.gov (United States)

Stevanovic, Jevrosima; Stanimirovic, Zoran; Simeunovic, Predrag; Lakic, Nada; Radovic, Ivica; Sokovic, Marina; Griensven, Leo J L D VAN

2018-01-01

This study was done to discover any beneficial effect of a medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis extract on the honey bee. Firstly, a laboratory experiment was conducted on 640 bees reared in 32 single-use plastic rearing cups. A. brasiliensis extract proved safe in all doses tested (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day) irrespective of feeding mode (sugar syrup or candy). Secondly, a three-year field experiment was conducted on 26 colonies treated with a single dose of A. brasiliensis extract (100 mg/kg/day) added to syrup. Each year the colonies were treated once in autumn and twice in spring. The treatments significantly increased colony strength parameters: brood rearing improvement and adult population growth were noticed more often than the increase in honey production and pollen reserves. These positive effects were mainly observed in April. In conclusion, A. brasiliensis extract is safe for the bees and helps maintaining strong colonies, especially in spring.

The effect of Agaricus brasiliensis extract supplementation on honey bee colonies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JEVROSIMA STEVANOVIC

2018-02-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study was done to discover any beneficial effect of a medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis extract on the honey bee. Firstly, a laboratory experiment was conducted on 640 bees reared in 32 single-use plastic rearing cups. A. brasiliensis extract proved safe in all doses tested (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day irrespective of feeding mode (sugar syrup or candy. Secondly, a three-year field experiment was conducted on 26 colonies treated with a single dose of A. brasiliensis extract (100 mg/kg/day added to syrup. Each year the colonies were treated once in autumn and twice in spring. The treatments significantly increased colony strength parameters: brood rearing improvement and adult population growth were noticed more often than the increase in honey production and pollen reserves. These positive effects were mainly observed in April. In conclusion, A. brasiliensis extract is safe for the bees and helps maintaining strong colonies, especially in spring.

Literatura contra desarraigo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xosé A. Perozo Ruiz.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Las reflexiones contenidas en Literatura contra desarraigo son una clara interpretación propia realizadas por Xosé A. Perozo. Nacidas del ejercicio literario constante y productivo nos acerca a conceptos actuales como el nacionalismo o la España de las Autonomías. Desde la lejanía, asistimos a la recuperación de la memoria social extremeña, que se trasluce en las novelas del autor son expuestas de manera biográfica en este artículo metaliterario, donde se detiene en la saga de Los Lancharro, o el personaje de Cerrato, ambientadas en la zona geográfica de la Campiña Sur de la Guerra Civil y posguerra.

Estudo piloto dos padrões de contração do músculo frontal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andre Vieira Braz

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Características anatômicas distintas e espectros cinéticos variados determinam padrões de contração da musculatura frontal peculiares a cada pessoa.Objetivo: Identificar e classificar os padrões de contração da musculatura frontal depacientes que procuraram atendimento para tratamento de rugas frontais.Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de fotografias de 83 pacientes. O padrão de contraçãomuscular foi classificado de acordo com a área hipercinética predominante, observada nafotografia em contração máxima do músculo frontal.Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões de contração: total, medial e lateral. Opadrão total foi observado em 50,6% dos casos.As rítides horizontais presentes no centroda fronte avançam lateralmente além da linha mediopupilar, até o final da cauda dassobrancelhas. O padrão medial foi observado em 25,3% dos casos.As rítides horizontaisconcentram-se na região central da fronte, contidas predominantemente entre as linhasmediopupilares. O padrão lateral foi observado em 24% dos casos.As rítides horizontaispredominam nas laterais da fronte, a maioria ocorrendo após a linha mediopupilar.Conclusões: A identificação e classificação dos padrões de contração do músculo frontalpermitem avaliação mais individualizada de cada paciente, o que é um dos pilares maisimportantes para um plano terapêutico bem-sucedido.

Papel de los anticuerpos en la protección contra micobacterium tuberculosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nesty Olivares

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Convencionalmente se asume que la defensa del hospedero contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis se basa en los mecanismos de inmunidad celular exclusivamente y se descarta el papel de los anticuerpos en la protección. En este trabajo se analizan evidencias recientes que retan este dogma y sugieren la importancia de considerar la manipulación de la respuesta inmune humoral como una alternativa en la investigación de vacunas contra la tuberculosis.

Estado de salud y violencia contra la mujer en la pareja

OpenAIRE

Belén Sanz-Barbero; Lourdes Rey; Laura Otero-García

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de violencia contra la mujer en la pareja en España, sus determinantes durante el último año y alguna vez en la vida. Describir el estado de salud de las mujeres según hayan sufrido o no violencia en la pareja. Analizar las variables individuales asociadas a la violencia contra la mujer en la pareja en España. Métodos: Estudio transversal de la Macroencuesta de Violencia de Género 2011, que incluyó 7898 mujeres mayores de 18 años. Variables dependientes: ...

Rugas glabelares: estudo piloto dos padrões de contração

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ada Regina Trindade de Almeida

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A atividade muscular nd glabela Provocação rugas perpendiculares à Direção decontração dos Músculos, hoje tratadas Pela toxina botulínica.Variações interpessoais nd forma de contração local, São exibidas Durante a Animação facial. Apesar dos Inúmeros artigos publicados Sobre o tema, Os padrões de contração glabelar Ainda Não Foram estudados adequadamente e Classificados. Objetivo: Identificar e classificar Os padrões de contração glabelar encontrados Na população Que recebe Tratamento cosmético toxina botulínica com.Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de Fotografías de 30 pacientes receberam toxina botulínica n Que glabelares Tratamento de rugas. De acordo com De hum Predominância de Movimentosde Depressão, Aproximação OU Elevação da glabela, Os padrões de contração Foram identificados e Classificados.Resultados: Cinco Padrões identificados foram: 1 "U", 2 "V", 3 "Omega", 4 "Setas convergentes" e 5 "Omega" invertido. A Classificação OS permitiu identificar Músculos Mais Importantes em CADA Padrão de contração.Discussão CONCLUSÃO /: Existem Diferenças interpessoais nd Animação facial. A Classificação das rugas glabelares Permite, Tratamento Mais INDIVIDUALIZADO com acurado e toxina botulínica Uma. recebem doses Mais Músculos recrutados Maiores OU Maior numero de Pontos de Aplicação. Os Menos requisitados poupados São OU recebem doses menores, permitindo resultados eficazes Mais e Naturais.

Violência contra idosos: uma questão nova?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula R. Amadio Sanches

Full Text Available O envelhecimento da população mundial é um fato concreto e de conhecimento público. O Brasil inicia seu processo de transição demográfica seguindo o padrão mundial: o aumento do número de idosos com possibilidade de atingir elevadas faixas etárias, o que traz a necessidade de pesquisas nesse campo, devido à demanda apresentada por essa nova parcela da população. A questão da violência doméstica contra idosos tem se ampliado e sugere necessidade de maior campo de investigação nessa área, dado o risco suposto ao qual essa população mais idosa está submetida. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos relacionados ao tema já realizados no Brasil e em diferentes países, com enfoque epidemiológico. O trabalho apresenta diversos pontos de abordagem da violência contra idosos, considerando questões relacionadas à cultura do envelhecimento, ações de políticas públicas, atuação de equipes de saúde, definição do termo abordado, aspectos legais e éticos da violência contra o idoso. Tal estudo permite ao pesquisador analisar os diferentes aspectos que envolvem a temática, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas específicas direcionadas ao tema.

Tutela contra sentencias de las altas cortes o choque de vanidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Darío Henao Orozco

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La acción de tutela – o el llamado recurso de amparo o recurso de constitucionalidad- contra sentencias constituye uno de los ejes centrales de todo el sistema de garantía de los derechos 1 fundamentales.” Se limita el tema a la tutela contra sentencias de las Altas Cortes, porque ya es claro y no suscita ninguna controversia, el amparo contra sentencias emanadas por los Tribunales de Distrito Judicial, Contencioso Administrativos y los demás Jueces de la República. En cambio, cuando se produce una acción de tutela que protege derechos fundamentales vulnerados por una sentencia de una Alta Corte, la Corte accionada se rasga las vestiduras y protagoniza el respectivo espectáculo ante los medios de comunicación, y el argumento que inequívocamente trae a cuento en este show publicitario, es que dicha Corporación es un órgano límite y sus competencias emanan de la Constitución Política, además de ser exclusivas y excluyentes.

El estado actual de las vacunas contra las drogas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maura Epifanía Matus Ortega

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: por lo común, la adicción a las drogas se trata con psicoterapia y farmacología que evita la unión de las sustancias psicoactivas a receptores específicos en el cerebro. El resultado de estos tratamientos no ha sido del todo satisfactorio, por lo que el desarrollo de terapias más eficaces representa un reto constante para tratar las adicciones. Una alternativa a la farmacología antiadictiva es la vacunación activa dirigida contra las sustancias de abuso. Objetivo: esta revisión reúne la información disponible sobre los fundamentos y avances científicos en la generación de una terapia inmunológica, que coadyuve al tratamiento de la adicción a sustancias como la heroína-morfina, la cocaína, la nicotina y la anfetamina. Método: se consideraron los reportes científicos disponibles en PubMed –de 2005 a abril de 2017–, sobre los fundamentos, la metodología empleada, los estudios preclínicos y clínicos, y los resultados obtenidos en dichas investigaciones para generar vacunas contra las drogas. Resultados: las vacunas lograron mitigar los efectos producidos por las sustancias en los estudios preclínicos en modelos de estudio en animales; sin embargo, con pacientes humanos los resultados no han sido del todo satisfactorios. Discusión y conclusiones: a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por diferentes grupos de investigación y compañías farmacéuticas para generar vacunas terapéuticas contra el uso de diferentes drogas, ninguna ha alcanzado la fase III de estudios clínicos. En la actualidad, se continúa con los esfuerzos para lograr que las vacunas contra las adicciones alcancen su máxima eficiencia y eficacia, y contribuyan al tratamiento de la adicción a las drogas.

Internal Flow of Contra-Rotating Small Hydroturbine at Off- Design Flow Rates

Science.gov (United States)

SHIGEMITSU, Toru; TAKESHIMA, Yasutoshi; OGAWA, Yuya; FUKUTOMI, Junichiro

2016-11-01

Small hydropower generation is one of important alternative energy, and enormous potential lie in the small hydropower. However, efficiency of small hydroturbines is lower than that of large one. Then, there are demands for small hydroturbines to keep high performance in wide flow rate range. Therefore, we adopted contra-rotating rotors, which can be expected to achieve high performance. In this research, performance of the contra-rotating small hydroturbine with 60mm casing diameter was investigated by an experiment and numerical analysis. Efficiency of the contra-rotating small hydroturbine was high in pico-hydroturbine and high efficiency could be kept in wide flow rate range, however the performance of a rear rotor decreased significantly in partial flow rates. Then, internal flow condition, which was difficult to measure experimentally, was investigated by the numerical flow analysis. Then, a relation between the performance and internal flow condition was considered by the numerical analysis result.

Protección colectiva contra caídas para trabajadores de la construcción

OpenAIRE

Sulowski, A. C.

2014-01-01

Las normas de seguridad en la construcción requieren de protección para los trabajadores contra las caídas desde altura. Los Sistemas de Protección contra Caídas (FPS, por sus siglas en inglés) colectivos, en la mayoría de los casos, permiten que los trabajadores se muevan libremente sin usar un equipo de protección contra caídas individual. Los sistemas colectivos de prevención de caídas son preferibles a los sistemas de detención de caídas, estos últimos se emplean sólo si la prevención de...

Carbohydrate composition of compost during composting and mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Jurak, Edita; Kabel, Mirjam A; Gruppen, Harry

2014-01-30

Changes of plant cell wall carbohydrate structures occurring during the process to make suitable compost for growth of Agaricus bisporus are unknown. In this paper, composition and carbohydrate structures in compost samples collected during composting and mycelium growth were analyzed. Furthermore, different extracts of compost samples were prepared with water, 1M and 4M alkali and analyzed. At the beginning of composting, 34% and after 16 days of mycelium growth 27% of dry matter was carbohydrates. Carbohydrate composition analysis showed that mainly cellulose and poorly substituted xylan chains with similar amounts and ratios of xylan building blocks were present in all phases studied. Nevertheless, xylan solubility increased 20% over the period of mycelium growth indicating partial degradation of xylan backbone. Apparently, degradation of carbohydrates occurred over the process studied by both bacteria and fungi, mainly having an effect on xylan-chain length and solubility. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tipología de agresores contra la pareja en prisión

OpenAIRE

Loinaz Calvo, Ismael

2010-01-01

Los agresores contra la pareja no constituyen un grupo homogéneo. Numerosos estudios en el ámbito anglosajón avalan la posibilidad de diferenciar distintos subtipos de agresores, pero hay divergencias entre ellos. Una de las principales aplicaciones de las tipologías es la adecuación de los tratamientos a las características del sujeto. El presente estudio-piloto tiene como objetivo establecer empíricamente una tipología de agresores contra la pareja en un ámbito español. La muestra constó de...

Failure of the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) to induce tumors in the A/J mouse lung tumor model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pilegaard, Kirsten; Kristiansen, E.; Meyer, Otto A.

1997-01-01

We studied whether the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) or 4-(carboxy)phenylhydrazine (CP) induce lung adenomas in the A/J mouse lung tumor model. For 26 weeks female mice were fed a semisynthetic diet where 11 or 22% of the diet was replaced by freeze-dried mushrooms. The intake...... of the mushroom diets was equivalent to an intake of agaritine, the major phenylhydrazine derivative occurring in the mushroom, of 92 or 166 mg/kg body weight per day. The intake of CP was 106 mg/kg body weight per day. Neither the;freeze-dried mushroom nor CP induced statistically significant increased numbers...

Morphological and Pathogenic Characteristics of the Fungus Cladobotryum dendroides, the Causal Agent of Cobweb Disease of the Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus bisporus in Serbia

OpenAIRE

Ivana Potočnik; Emil Rekanović; Svetlana Milijašević; Biljana Todorović; Miloš Stepanović

2008-01-01

Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected from Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The isolates formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and colonies turned yellow and redish. Pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculation of harvested basidiomes of A. bisporus and by casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection were recorded. Based on pathogenicity tests and morphological character...

La violencia contra la mujer y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Violeta Bermúdez Valdivia

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo formula algunas reflexiones en torno a las intersecciones que existen entre la violencia contra la mujer y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, desde un enfoque de derechos humanos. A tal efecto, analiza tres manifestaciones de violencia contra la mujer: la violencia sexual en el matrimonio, prácticas compulsivas de control reproductivo y la violación sexual como crimen de lesa humanidad. Todas ellas, implican una vulneración directa de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos y proponen algunas experiencias positivas que pueden servir de pauta orientadora para el diseño de políticas públicas sobre la materia.

Vacinação contra influenza e pneumococo na insuficiência cardíaca: uma recomendação pouco aplicada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolney de Andrade Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC cursa com frequentes descompensações e admissões ao serviço de emergência. Vacinação contra Influenza (INF e Pneumococo (PNM são recomendadas nas diretrizes, entretanto, as infecções respiratórias são a terceira causa de hospitalização na IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC na rede pública. MÉTODOS: Em estudo observacional realizado em Teresópolis, região serrana fluminense, foram utilizadas três estratégias: (I estudo das requisições para vacina contra INF e/ou PNM na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, entre 2004 e 2006; (II inquérito direto a 61 pacientes com IC atendidos na atenção básica sobre sua situação vacinal contra INF e PNM; (III inquérito direto sobre situação vacinal contra INF e PNM a 81 pacientes com IC crônica descompensada atendidos na única emergência aberta à rede pública. RESULTADOS: Na estratégia I, a vacinação contra INF e/ou PNM foi de 15,3% daqueles com indicações por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. A mediana do tempo entre a indicação e a vacinação foi de 32 dias. Na estratégia II, o percentual de vacinados contra INF, com idade > 60 anos, foi de 23,1%, e de 24,6% contra PMN em todas as idades. Na estratégia III, o percentual de pacientes vacinados contra INF foi de 35,8% e contra PNM foi de 2,5%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC é muito baixa e ainda menor naqueles descompensados atendidos em serviço de emergência.

Impact of contra-lateral breast reshaping on mammographic surveillance in women undergoing breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Nava, Maurizio B; Rocco, Nicola; Catanuto, Giuseppe; Falco, Giuseppe; Capalbo, Emanuela; Marano, Luigi; Bordoni, Daniele; Spano, Andrea; Scaperrotta, Gianfranco

2015-08-01

The ultimate goal of breast reconstruction is to achieve symmetry with the contra-lateral breast. Contra-lateral procedures with wide parenchymal rearrangements are suspected to impair mammographic surveillance. This study aims to evaluate the impact on mammographic detection of mastopexies and breast reductions for contralateral adjustment in breast reconstruction. We retrospectively evaluated 105 women affected by uni-lateral breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and immediate two-stage reconstruction between 2002 and 2007. We considered three groups according to the contra-lateral reshaping technique: mastopexy or breast reduction with inferior dermoglandular flap (group 1); mastopexy or breast reduction without inferior dermoglandular flap (group 2); no contra-lateral reshaping (group 3). We assessed qualitative mammographic variations and breast density in the three groups. Statistically significant differences have been found when comparing reshaped groups with non reshaped groups regarding parenchymal distortions, skin thickening and stromal edema, but these differences did not affect cancer surveillance. The surveillance mammography diagnostic accuracy in contra-lateral cancer detection was not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.56), such as the need for MRI for equivocal findings at mammographic contra-lateral breast (p = 0.77) and the need for core-biopsies to confirm mammographic suspect of contra-lateral breast cancer (p = 0.90). This study confirms previous reports regarding the safety of mastopexies and breast reductions when performed in the setting of contra-lateral breast reshaping after breast reconstruction. Mammographic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are not affected by the glandular re-arrangement. These results provide a further validation of the safety of current reconstructive paradigms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contra as invasões barbaras, a humanidade : a luta dos Arara (Karo) e dos Gavião (Ikoloehj) contra os projetos hidreletricos do Rio Machado, em Rondonia

OpenAIRE

Renata da Silva Nobrega

2008-01-01

Resumo: A dissertação trata da luta dos Arara (Karo) e dos Gavião (Ikólóéhj) contra os projetos hidrelétricos do Rio Machado, em Rondônia. Esta mobilização foi iniciada nos anos 80 contra o projeto da Usina Ji-Paraná, suspenso em 1993, e permanece até os dias atuais, com a retomada do projeto da Usina Tabajara. Frente às estratégias da ELETRONORTE para a viabilização destes projetos hidrelétricos, baseadas no mascaramento do seu potencial de destruição e no silenciamento da mobilização popula...

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER EM SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS: ESTATÍSTICAS ALARMANTES CONTRA A DIGNIDADE DAS JOSEENSES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre José Reifschneider Coelho

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Tomando como referência dados estatísticos registrados no site da SECRETARIA de Segurança Pública (www.ssp.sp.gov.br/novaestatistica/Mapas.aspx e partindo da fundamentação em literatura especializada sobre o tema violência contra mulheres (artigos científicos; informações divulgadas pelos meios de comunicação (notícias, reportagens; depoimentos e vivências compartilhadas em espaços públicos virtuais (blogs percebemos que o preconceito, a discriminação e a desigualdade, faces perversas da violência contra a mulher, colaboram para a permanência da violência mesmo após o advento da Lei 11.340 de 07 de Agosto de 2006, conhecida como Lei “Maria da Penha”. Mostramos esta permanência da violência tendo como objeto de análise os crimes de estupro, lesão corporal e tentativa de homicídio, compreendidos no período de 2011 a 2015, subdivididos em Estado de São Paulo (Capital e Interior e município de São José dos Campos.

Violencia sexual contra hombres y niños

OpenAIRE

Russell, Wynne

2007-01-01

Es bien sabido que los conflictos armados y la violencia sexual contra las mujeres y las niñas suelen ir de la mano. Lo que no se conoce tanto es que los conflictos armados y sus secuelas también suponen un peligro sexual para los hombres y los niños.

Soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o sarampo de uma determinada população infantil de Botucatu, SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Godoy Ilda de

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o sarampo, de uma determinada população infantil residente em Botucatu, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado imunólogico, induzido quer por infecção natural, quer por meio de vacinação. Foram estudadas 101 crianças, sendo que todas receberam a vacina contra o sarampo. Os exames laboratoriais utilizados para avaliar a presença de anticorpos, nas amostras de sangue coletadas, foram o teste de Inibição de Hemaglutinação (IH e o Ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA. Os resultados do teste de IH, mostraram que 92,1% das amostras apresentavam anticorpos contra o sarampo. As amostras com títulos < que 1:4, quando estudadas pela IH, foram retestadas no mesmo laboratório por meio do ELISA, e somente duas mantiveram-se negativas para anticorpos contra o sarampo. Portanto, em 98% das amostras de soro das crianças estudadas os anticorpos contra o sarampo estavam presentes.

Representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva da enfermagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Maria Cezar Leal

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra a mulher constitui grave problema de Saúde Pública; ocorre no mundo inteiro em todas as classes sociais. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva de enfermeiras alunas de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa/Portugal. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com respaldo das representações sociais, da qual participaram cento e cinquenta enfermeiras, sendo os dados coletados por meio de questionário. Para análise, utilizou-se o software DataVic 4.3. Resultados apontam que as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher estão restritas ao universo consensual pelo qual são produzidas, constituído, sobretudo, pela conversação informal e pela vida cotidiana. Apontam, também, que a violência não é entendida como um problema de saúde. Considera-se que o embasamento teórico sobre o tema e o envolvimento institucional dos Serviços de Saúde contribuirão para a inserção da violência contra a mulher na agenda da Saúde Pública.

Crimes contra o mercado de capitais

OpenAIRE

Leonardo Alonso

2009-01-01

A necessidade de tutela eficiente do Mercado de Capitais é, atualmente, indiscutível. O advento de novas tecnologias e o tráfego internacional de capital cada vez maior; tornam o Mercado de Capitais, contemporaneamente, sujeito a amplos riscos e danos. Nesse contexto, o legislador tem respondido com a incriminação de condutas ofensivas ao mercado, contudo a formulação de tipos penais nem sempre se mostra adequada. Dessa forma, questiona-se qual o bem juridicamente tutelado pelos crimes contra...

The Acoustical Behavior of Contra-Rotating Fan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Wu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The noise produced by a contra-rotating ventilator can cause injury to humans. Therefore, it is important to reduce noise caused by ventilators. In this study, the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H model was used to simulate the acoustics of four different axial impeller spacing points based on the unsteady flow field through a FBD No. 8.0 contra-rotating ventilator. Experiments were conducted to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Meanwhile, the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD drives the two motors of 55 kW to give the impellers different speeds to distinguish different conditions. The results showed that the main noise source of the ventilator was the two rotating impellers and the area between them. For the same axial space, the noise decreased with the increase of flow rate and then decreased. And the amplitude of the discrete pulse increased gradually. It can be concluded that the vortex acoustics decreased gradually with the increase of flow rate and the rotating acoustics were the major contributor. With the axial distance increasing, the noise caused by the two impellers was weak, and the frequencies of sound pressure level moved toward medium- and low-frequency bands gradually. The suitable axial space could reduce noise and improve the working environment.

The medicinal Agaricus mushroom cultivated in Brazil: biology, cultivation and non-medicinal valorisation.

Science.gov (United States)

Largeteau, Michèle L; Llarena-Hernández, Régulo Carlos; Regnault-Roger, Catherine; Savoie, Jean-Michel

2011-12-01

Sun mushroom is a cultivated mushroom extensively studied for its medicinal properties for several years and literature abounds on the topic. Besides, agronomical aspects were investigated in Brazil, the country the mushroom comes from, and some studies focus on the biology of the fungus. This review aimed to present an overview of the non-medicinal knowledge on the mushroom. Areas of commercial production and marketing trends are presented. Its specific fragrance, taste, nutritional value and potential use of extracts as food additives are compared to those of the most cultivated fungi and laboratory models. The interest of the mushroom for lignocellulosic enzyme production and source of biomolecules for the control of plant pathogens are shown. Investigation of genetic variability among cultivars is reported. Growing and storage of mycelium, as well as cultivation conditions (substrate and casing generally based on local products; indoor and outdoor cultivation; diseases and disorders) are described and compared to knowledge on Agaricus bisporus.

Ambassadors for the Kingdom of God or for America? Christian Nationalism, the Christian Right, and the Contra War

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lauren Frances Turek

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This essay uses the concept of Christian nationalism to explore the religious dynamics of the Contra war and U.S.–Nicaraguan relations during Ronald Reagan’s presidency. Religious organizations and individuals played crucial roles on both sides in the war in Nicaragua and in the debates in the United States over support for the Contras. Evangelistic work strengthened transnational ties between Christians, but also raised the stakes of the war; supporters of the Sandinistas and Contras alike alleged a victory by their adversary imperiled the future of Christianity in Nicaragua. Christian nationalism thus manifested itself and intertwined in both the United States and Nicaragua. Examining how evangelicals and Catholics in the United States and Nicaragua, as well as the Reagan administration, the Contras, and the Sandinistas, used Christian nationalism to build support for their policy objectives sheds light on both the malleability and the power of identifying faith with the state. Having assessed Christian nationalism as a tool and a locus of conflict in the Contra war, the essay then steps back and considers the larger methodological implications of using Christian nationalism as a category of analysis in U.S. foreign relations history.

La institucionalización de la lucha contra el terrorismo transnacional a través del derecho internacional

OpenAIRE

Seña Salcedo, Cristian Andrés

2016-01-01

Hasta hace casi una década, la guerra contra el terrorismo fue una lucha solitaria de los Estados. Actualmente y debido a las implicaciones globales de este fenómeno, las acciones contra este flagelo han adquirido connotación internacional. Gran parte de los países miembros de las Naciones Unidas han acogido esta guerra –contra un enemigo común, pero indefinido- como un compromiso político en favor de la paz y seguridad internacional. La producción constante de instrumentos int...

Ciberativismo: a guerra da WikiLeaks contra os segredos de Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carole Ferreira da Cruz

2012-07-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2012v9n1p90 Resenha do livro WikiLeaks: a guerra de Julian Assange contra os Segredos de Estado (Editora Verus, 2011, 336 p., no qual os repórteres investigativos do The Guardian, David Leigh e Luke Harding, contam os bastidores do maior vazamento da história, que revelou ao mundo detalhes obscuros da diplomacia mundial e das guerras do Afeganistão e do Iraque. A partir da análise do livro-reportagem sobre a organização WikliLeaks, pretendemos refletir sobre os mecanismos de resistência e atuação contra-hegemônica no contexto das redes abertas pelas tecnologias digitais.

Violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja y su relación con la salud mental de los hijos adolescentes

OpenAIRE

Vargas Murga, Horacio

2017-01-01

Se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica nacional e internacional, así como de documentos técnicos, sobre la violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja y su relación con la salud mental de los hijos adolescentes. Se abordan aspectos generales a manera de introducción y luego se muestra información sobre la epidemiología de la violencia contra la mujer, la violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja, los efectos de la violencia contra la mujer, los efectos sobre la sal...

Conversion of woody biomass into fermentable sugars by cellulase from Agaricus arvensis.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeya, Marimuthu; Nguyen, Ngoc-Phuong-Thao; Moon, Hee-Jung; Kim, Sang-Hwan; Lee, Jung-Kul

2010-11-01

Agaricus arvensis, a newly isolated basidiomycetous fungus, was found to secrete efficient cellulases. The strain produced the highest endoglucanase (EG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and beta-glucosidase (BGL) activities of 0.3, 3.2 and 8U/mg-protein, respectively, with rice straw as the carbon source. Saccharification of the woody biomass with A. arvensis cellulase as the enzyme source released a high level of fermentable sugars. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the poplar biomass was optimized using the response surface methodology in order to study the influence of the variables (pH, temperature, cellulases concentration and substrate concentration). The enzyme and substrate concentrations were identified as the limiting factors for the saccharification of poplar wood biomass. A total reducing sugar level of 29g/L (293mg/g-substrate) was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 65FPU/g-substrate after optimization of the hydrolysis parameters. The model validation showed a good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted responses. A. arvensis could be a good candidate for the production of reducing sugars from a cellulosic biomass.

Total quality index of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms packed in modified atmosphere.

Science.gov (United States)

Djekic, Ilija; Vunduk, Jovana; Tomašević, Igor; Kozarski, Maja; Petrovic, Predrag; Niksic, Miomir; Pudja, Predrag; Klaus, Anita

2017-07-01

The aim of this study was to develop a total quality index and examine the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms stored for 22 days at 4 °C. Mushrooms were packaged under three MAPs: high nitrogen packaging (HNP), low carbon dioxide packaging (LCP) and low oxygen packaging (LOP). Passive MAP with air inside initially was used as the atmosphere treatment (AIR). This research revealed two phases in quality deterioration of A. bisporus mushrooms. During the first week, most of the quality parameters were not statistically different. Thereafter, odor intensities were stronger for all four types of packaging. Color difference and browning index values showed significantly lower color changes for AIR and LOP compared with HNP and LCP mushrooms. The best total quality index was calculated for LOP, followed by LCP and AIR. The findings of this study are useful with respect to examining two-component MAPs, separating the limiting factors (O 2 and CO 2 ) and evaluating quality deterioration effects and the total quality index of A. bisporus mushrooms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Intervención interdisciplinar en la adolecencia contra la violencia de género

OpenAIRE

Almazán Muñoz, Juncal

2015-01-01

[ES] Desde que en la Conferencia Mundial de la Mujer (México, 1975), se reconoció por primera vez la gravedad de la violencia contra las mujeres, todas las conferencias internacionales han propuesto medidas para que los diferentes estados impulsen políticas preventivas e integrales contra la violencia de género. Este tipo de violencia tiene su raíz en el entramado cultural de nuestras sociedades. Los esfuerzos para su erradicación deben orientarse a construir una sociedad igualita...

Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de la desigualdad

OpenAIRE

Ana Isabel Blanco García

2008-01-01

En este número entraremos directamente en el debate acerca de la "Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de a desigualdad", que desde hace unos años recorre todo el sustrato del pensamiento feminista y del que en buena medida es deudor el propio título de nuestra revista.

Gênero e violência contra a mulher na literatura de enfermagem: uma revisão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maiara Cardoso Duarte

2015-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Na produção científica sobre desigualdades na relação homens e mulheres destacam-se estudos sobre violência contra a mulher e a premência do seu reconhecimento como problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: considerando o potencial da Enfermagem para um olhar ampliado desta temática, pretendeu-se conhecer o que está sendo veiculado sobre gênero e violência contra a mulher nas principais revistas de enfermagem brasileiras. Método: realizou-se revisão integrativa, de publicações online, entre 2000 e 2012. Dos 138 artigos selecionados, 25 tratavam gênero e violência contra a mulher como construtos sociais. Resultados: predominaram as abordagens qualitativas (60%, investigações empíricas (60%, acadêmicas (100%, autorias envolvendo enfermeira(os (96%, violências conjugal (32% e doméstica (20%. A violência contra a mulher à luz de gênero foi associada em apenas 32% das publicações. Conclusão: há necessidade de incremento de estudos em parceria com o serviço e a ampliação das discussões que envolvem dinâmicas de poder e de resistência, que constituem a base do conceito de gênero.

Aspectos relevantes del uso de Mycobacterium´habana´ como candidato vacunal contra la tuberculosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iliana Valdés

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La eficacia protectora de la actual vacuna (BCG contra la tuberculosis, para contrarrestar las formas pulmonares de esta enfermedad y su reactivación, resulta variable o poco eficiente, lo cual impone la búsqueda urgente de nuevas alternativas profilácticas contra esta enfermedad. Basados en las ventajas inmunogénicas que ofrece el uso de vacunas vivas, se han encaminado diferentes estrategias de este tipo empleando mutantes auxotróficos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis , BCG recombinante o micobacterias no tuberculosas. Existen evidencias experimentales acerca de la protección conferida tras la vacunación con cepas vivas, inactivadas o fracciones proteicas de Mycobacterium'habana' TMC-5135 contra la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Esta respuesta protectora parece ir aparejada de escasos signos de virulencia en los modelos animales ensayados, lo cual coloca a M.´habana´ dentro de los posibles candidatos vacunales contra la tuberculosis al ajustarse a la condición que impone una vacuna clásica de reproducir la infección y los eventos inmunes que le suceden lo más fielmente posible a como ocurren de manera natural, sin causar extensos daños en el receptor.

Violencia contra inmigrantes en Tamaulipas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simón Pedro Izcara-Palacios

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Violence against immigrants in TamaulipasMigrants in Mexico are subjected to extortions, kidnappings, rapes and killings. Tamaulipas, a state situated in the northeast of Mexico, has registered an unprecedented level of violence against migrants. In August of 2010, 72 migrants were massacred in San Fernando (Tamaulipas and in April of 2011, 194 corpses of migrants were found in the same place. Furthermore, since 2009, rural communities in central Tamaulipas, which receive more than five thousand migrants a year to work in harvesting oranges, have suffered violent attacks targeting immigrants. This paper, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with 60 immigrants conducted between April 2011 and November 2011, examines the forms of cultural, direct, structural and post-structural violence suffered by immigrant workers employed in the orange sector of Tamaulipas.Resumen:Los migrantes en México son objeto de extorsiones, secuestros, violaciones y asesinatos. Tamaulipas, un estado situado en el noreste de México, ha registrado niveles sin precedentes de violencia contra los migrantes. En Agosto de 2010 72 migrantes fueron masacrados en San Fernando (Tamaulipas, y en Abril de 2011 194 cadáveres de migrantes fueron encontrados en el mismo lugar. Asimismo, las comunidades rurales del centro de Tamaulipas, que reciben anualmente más de 5 mil migrantes para trabajar en la pizca de la naranja, han sufrido desde el año 2009 violentos ataques dirigidos contra los migrantes. Este artículo, basado en una metodología cualitativa que incluye entrevistas en profundidad con 60 migrantes realizadas entre Abril y Noviembre de 2011, examina las formas de violencia cultural, directa, estructural y postestructural sufrida por los trabajadores migratorios empleados en el sector citrícola de Tamaulipas.

Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de la desigualdad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Isabel Blanco García

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En este número entraremos directamente en el debate acerca de la "Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de a desigualdad", que desde hace unos años recorre todo el sustrato del pensamiento feminista y del que en buena medida es deudor el propio título de nuestra revista.

HPLC detection of soluble carbohydrates involved in mannitol and trehalose metabolism in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Wannet, W J; Hermans, J H; van Der Drift, C; Op Den Camp, H J

2000-02-01

A convenient and sensitive method was developed to separate and detect various types of carbohydrates (polyols, mono- and disaccharides, and phosphorylated sugars) simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method consists of a chromatographic separation on a CarboPac PA1 anion-exchange analytical column followed by pulsed amperometric detection. In a single run (43 min) 13 carbohydrates were readily resolved. Calibration plots were linear over the ranges of 5-25 microM to 1. 0-1.5 mM. The reliable and fast analysis technique, avoiding derivatization steps and long run times, was used to determine the levels of carbohydrates involved in mannitol and trehalose metabolism in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Moreover, the method was used to study the trehalose phosphorylase reaction.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA GESTANTES EM DELEGACIAS ESPECIALIZADAS NO ATENDIMENTO À MULHER DE TERESINA-PI

OpenAIRE

Ariane Gomes dos Santos; Inez Sampaio Nery; Danielle Carvalho Rodrigues; Ariel de Sousa Melo

2010-01-01

La violencia contra la mujer es definida como cualquier acción o conducta basada en violencia de género, que cause muerte, daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico. El objetivo fue medir el fenómeno de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres embarazadas mediante la denuncia de maltrato en Comisarías Especializadas en Atención a la Mujer, en Teresina- -PI. Investigación cuantitativa del tipo análisis documental, retrospectivo. Para recolectar datos se utilizó un formulario semiestruct...

Anticorpos contra LDL-ox e síndrome coronariana aguda Anticuerpos contra LDL-ox y síndrome coronario agudo Antibodies against OxLDL and acute coronary syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria Brito Medeiros

2010-07-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A oxidação da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-ox induz à formação de epítopos imunogênicos na molécula. A presença de autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox tem sido demonstrada no soro de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC. Contudo, o papel desses autoanticorpos na fisiopatologia das síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA e o seu significado clínico permanecem indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox e SCA. MÉTODOS: Os títulos de imunoglobulina G autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox e contra o peptídeo sintético D derivado da apolipoproteína B (antipeptD foram determinados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA em 90 pacientes, nas primeiras 12h de SCA (casos e em 90 pacientes com DAC crônica (controles. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os títulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados (p = 0,017 nos casos (0,40 ± 0,22, do que nos controles (0,33 ± 0,23. Por outro lado, os títulos de antipeptD foram significativamente menores (p FUNDAMENTO: La oxidación de la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-ox induce a la formación de epítopos inmunogénicos en la molécula. La presencia de autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox ha sido demostrada en el suero de pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC. No obstante eso, el papel de esos autoanticuerpos en la fisiopatología de los síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA y su significado clínico permanecen indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox y SCA. MÉTODOS: Los títulos de inmunoglobulina G autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox y contra el péptido sintético D derivado de la apolipoproteína B (antipeptD fueron determinados por ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA en 90 pacientes, en las primeras 12h de SCA (casos y en 90 pacientes con EAC crónica (controles. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron que los títulos de antiLDL-ox fueron

Recent progress of research on medicinal mushrooms, foods, and other herbal products used in traditional Chinese medicine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kuo-Hsiung Lee

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This article will review selected herbal products used in traditional Chinese medicine, including medicinal mushrooms (巴西蘑菇 bā xī mó gū; Agaricus blazei, 雲芝 yún zhī; Coriolus versicolor, 靈芝 líng zhī; Ganoderma lucidum, 香蕈 xiāng xùn; shiitake, Lentinus edodes, 牛樟芝 niú zhāng zhī; Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Cordyceps (冬蟲夏草 dōng chóng xià cǎo, pomegranate (石榴 shí liú; Granati Fructus, green tea (綠茶 lǜ chá; Theae Folium Non Fermentatum, garlic (大蒜 dà suàn; Allii Sativi Bulbus, turmeric (薑黃 jiāng huáng; Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, and Artemisiae Annuae Herba (青蒿 qīng hāo; sweet wormwood. Many of the discussed herbal products have gained popularity in their uses as dietary supplements for health benefits. The review will focus on the active constituents of the herbs and their bioactivities, with emphasis on the most recent progress in research for the period of 2003 to 2011.

Effects of preservation methods on amino acids and 5'-nucleotides of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Ying; Huang, Fan; Yang, Hong; Ibrahim, S A; Wang, Yan-Feng; Huang, Wen

2014-04-15

In this study, the proximate composition, free amino acids content and 5'-nucleotides in frozen, canned and salted Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) were investigated. We found that the three kinds of A. bisporus products were good sources of protein, with amount varying in the ranges of 16.54-24.35g/100g (dry weight). Freezing, canning and salting process, followed by 6months of storage led to a significant reduction in free amino acids, especially tyrosine, alanine, glutamine and cysteine. There were medium levels of MSG-like amino acids in frozen A. bisporus and canned A. bisporus, and low levels of MSG-like amino acids in salted A. bisporus. The mount of flavor 5'-nucleotides in frozen A. bisporus was higher than that of canned and salted A. bisporus. The present study thus suggests that freezing is beneficial for the preservation of A. bisporus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Casing layer and effect of primordia induction in the production of Agaricus subrufescens mushroom

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emerson Tokuda Martos

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Agaricus subrufescens growers have faced difficulties in standardizing and maintaining optimal production yield, even when they produce or acquire quality substrate, as cultivation success is also related to the quality of the casing layer and the production environment. The production of A. subrufescens was evaluated using different casing layers and methods for primordia induction. Three experiments were carried out: 1 to evaluate the effect of dolomitic limestone in the casing layer; 2 to evaluate the effect of different combinations of mineral and organic materials used as the casing layer; and 3 to evaluate the effect of temperature in primordia induction with two commercial strains. The results demonstrated that an increase in the limestone concentration in the casing resulted in a superior yield (16.7%. Casing layer combinations using organic substrate + sand (proportion 1:1, volume to volume resulted in a greater yield (19.2%. Temperature did not affect primordia induction.

VACUNACIÓN CONTRA EL VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO Y AUTOINMUNIDAD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan-Manuel Anaya

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes es un tema de suma importancia cuando de vacunas se trata, dado el riesgo que pueden tener éstas de favorecer fenómenos de autoinmunidad en individuos susceptibles. La relación riesgo/beneficio de desarrollar enfermedades autoinmunes luego de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH aún no se ha resuelto. Los datos disponibles son limitados para ofrecer conclusiones definitivas. Dado el aumento reciente de reporte de efectos adversos, se espera que estudios con suficiente tamaño muestral, en diversas poblaciones, confirmen la seguridad de la vacunación contra el VPH en niñas con enfermedades autoinmunes. Un análisis personalizado de cada paciente, que incluya la evaluación de autoinmunidad personal y familiar, podría ser sugerido, aunque no hay estudios que demuestren que sea costo-efectivo. Por lo tanto, la farmacovigilancia permanente de esta vacuna sigue siendo de suma importancia.

Asociación entre enfermedad cardiovascular y anticuerpos contra Chlamydia pneumoniae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García-Elorriaga Guadalupe de los A

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Precisar si existe asociación entre enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV y anticuerpos contra Chlamydia en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en la Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología e Infectología -Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza (CMNR- y en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Asistencia Circulatoria, del Hospital General del CMNR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, de agosto de 1998 a abril de 2000. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra C. psittaci, C. trachomatis y C. pneumoniae mediante microinmunofluorescencia, en suero de 70 pacientes con ECV hospitalizados en el CMNR, mayores de 30 años, de uno u otro sexo, y se compararon con 140 sanos, pareados por edad y sexo. Se utilizaron muestras aleatorias simples, con un tamaño poblacional de 110, una prevalencia de 50% y un nivel de confianza de 99%. Para establecer la diferencia entre las proporciones de los títulos se utilizó ji cuadrada y se calculó la razón de momios. Resultados. El 94.3% (66/70 de los pacientes presentó IgG en contra de C. pneumoniae vs 37% (52/140 de los individuos sanos (p<0.001. Conclusiones. Existe una fuerte asociación entre anticuerpos IgG hacia C. pneumoniae y ECV.

Morphological and Pathogenic Characteristics of the Fungus Cladobotryum dendroides, the Causal Agent of Cobweb Disease of the Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus bisporus in Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Potočnik

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected from Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The isolates formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and colonies turned yellow and redish.Pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculation of harvested basidiomes of A. bisporus and by casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection were recorded. Based on pathogenicity tests and morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries W. Gams & Hoozemans.

Panorama da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes em municípios cearenses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Poliana Hilário Magalhães

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Descrever o panorama da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes em municípios do litoral e do sertão do estado do Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em 2014 com análise de dados secundários do “Disque 100” relacionados aos casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes nos municípios do estado do Ceará, Brasil, referentes ao triênio 2011-2013. Resultados: Foram analisados 210 municípios do sertão cearense, dentre eles o município de Acopiara com 18 (10,8% denúncias, sendo destaque para casos de denúncias por abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Dentre os municípios litorâneos, Caucaia representa o maior número de denúncias, com 112 (35.07% casos de abuso sexual. Conclusão: O estudo é uma alerta às autoridades e à comunidade para atentarem aos casos de violência sexual (exploração e abuso contra crianças e adolescentes que estão ocorrendo nos diversos municípios cearenses, principalmente na região litorânea.

Structure of Agaricus spp. fucogalactans and their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Komura, Dirce L; Carbonero, Elaine R; Gracher, Ana Helena P; Baggio, Cristiane H; Freitas, Cristina S; Marcon, Rodrigo; Santos, Adair R S; Gorin, Philip A J; Iacomini, Marcello

2010-08-01

Fucogalactans from Agaricus brasiliensis (EPF-Ab) and A. bisporus var. hortensis (EPF-Ah) were prepared via by aqueous extraction and a purification procedure. EPF-Ab had M(w) 19.4 x 10(3)g/mol and EPF-Ah M(w) 31.1 x 10(3)g/mol. EPF-Ab had a (1-->6)-linked alpha-D-Galp main-chain partially substituted in O-2 by non-reducing end-units of alpha-L-Fucp. EPF-Ah had a similar main-chain with O-2 substitution, but was partially methylated at HO-3, as well as having 2.5% non-reducing end-units of beta-D-Gal. In mice, EPF-Ab gave 39% antinociceptive inhibition (ID(50)>100mg/kg) and no anti-inflammatory activity. EPF-Ah also gave an inhibition of 39% at ID(50) 0.33 mg/kg and also inhibited by 61% (ID(50) 5.0mg/kg) total cell migration and by 32% peritoneal capillary permeability, which is related to the anti-inflammatory effect. The small differences in chemical structure in these polysaccharides thus modified their biological activities. (c) 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor with contra-rotating rotors under unbalanced loads condition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cheng, Shuangyin; Luo, Derong; Huang, Shoudao

2015-01-01

This study presents an investigation into the control of an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with contra-rotating rotors fed by a single inverter, which corresponds to two PMSM connected in series. In this study, the mathematic model of the PMSM with contra-rotating rotors...... water vehicle propulsions. The control strategy is implemented on a DSP 28335 processor featured hardware platform and is tested on a 1.2 kW prototype machine. Experimental results validate the correctness of the analysis and control strategy....

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE: REFLEXÃO SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

OpenAIRE

QUITÉRIA CLARICE MAGALHÃES CARVALHO; MARIA VERA LÚCIA MOREIRA LEITÃO CARDOSO; MARIA JOSEFINA DA SILVA; VIOLANTE AUGUSTA BATISTA BRAGA; MARLI TERESINHA GIMENIZ GALVÃO

2008-01-01

La violencia ocupa un destacado lugar en la sociedad moderna y se configura como un problema de salud pública. El objetivo fue narrar sobre las políticas relacionadas a la violencia contra el niño y el adolescente. Estudio documental, reflexivo, entre los años 1982 a 2006. A través de los datos se formuló la siguiente categoría: las políticas públicas frente a la violencia contra niños y adolescentes. Se deduce que la manera como los mismos han sido tratados, oscila entre la negligencia, puni...

Anticuerpos séricos contra la enfermedad de Newcastle e Influenza Aviar en aves rapaces de Chile.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel González-Acuña

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Detectar la presencia de anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos contra los virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC e Influenza aviar (IA, para comprender la contribución de las aves silvestres en la transmisión de estos virus en Chile. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 63 aves pertenecientes a los órdenes Falconiformes y Strigiformes desde centros de rehabilitación de aves de las zonas central y sur de Chile. Se realizaron las pruebas de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación (IHA para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus ENC e inmunodifusión en gel agar (IDGA y ELISA para IA. Resultados. Se detectaron 14 aves positivas (22.2% para anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC. En cambio, no se registraron anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos para el virus de la IA. Conclusiones. La presencia de aves rapaces positivas en los centros de rescate a los anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC puede ser explicada por el consumo de carne de pollos que han sido vacunados contra ENC o consumo de aves que han adquirido directamente el virus vacunal a través de los distintos procedimientos de administración (aerosoles, bebederos de la vacuna o por el ingreso a los centros de rescate de aves rapaces migratorias, las que podrían facilitar la diseminación de la infección desde los países de origen, hecho que debe ser investigado.

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.

A produção de contra-argumentos na escrita infantil Counterargument in children’s writing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Selma Leitão

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Pesquisas sobre a produção de textos argumentativos mostram que antecipar contra-argumentos e reagir a estes é uma das principais dificuldades na escrita deste tipo de texto. Este estudo investigou a habilidade de 157 crianças (segunda, quarta e sétima séries gerarem contra-argumentos nos textos que produziam. Observou-se que, embora contra-argumentos apareçam ocasionalmente nos escritos da segunda série, só a partir da quarta essa presença se torna sistemática. Progressos relacionados à idade e escolaridade foram também registrados quanto ao número de contra-argumentos examinados num mesmo texto. A estrutura global dos textos produzidos (narrativo vs. opinativo e o tema discutido não parecem ter afetado a produção de contra-argumentos pelas crianças, embora efeitos destes fatores tenham sido notados sobre o número de idéias usadas pelas mesmas para justificarem suas própria posições. Na discussão destes resultados examina-se o papel de fatores pragmáticos no desenvolvimento de contra-argumentos em textos escritos.Studies on argumentative text writing have shown that anticipating counterargument and reacting to them is one of the hardest demands of argumentative writing. The present study focused on second, fourth, and seventh graders’ ability to generate counterarguments in their writings. The results showed that, although counterarguments appear in some of the second graders’ writings, it is only after the fourth grade that their presence is systematically observed in children’s writing. Age- and schooling-related effects were also noted on the number of counterarguments examined per text. The global structure of the texts produced (a narrative vs. an opinion text did not affect the production of counterargument by children, although a main effect of such factors was noted on the number of ideas children used to justify their own views. The role of pragmatic factors in the development of counterargument in

Vacinação contra influenza e pneumococo na insuficiência cardíaca: uma recomendação pouco aplicada Vacunación contra influenza y neumococo en la insuficiencia cardíaca: una recomendación poco aplicada Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in heart failure: a little applied recommendation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolney de Andrade Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC cursa com frequentes descompensações e admissões ao serviço de emergência. Vacinação contra Influenza (INF e Pneumococo (PNM são recomendadas nas diretrizes, entretanto, as infecções respiratórias são a terceira causa de hospitalização na IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC na rede pública. MÉTODOS: Em estudo observacional realizado em Teresópolis, região serrana fluminense, foram utilizadas três estratégias: (I estudo das requisições para vacina contra INF e/ou PNM na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, entre 2004 e 2006; (II inquérito direto a 61 pacientes com IC atendidos na atenção básica sobre sua situação vacinal contra INF e PNM; (III inquérito direto sobre situação vacinal contra INF e PNM a 81 pacientes com IC crônica descompensada atendidos na única emergência aberta à rede pública. RESULTADOS: Na estratégia I, a vacinação contra INF e/ou PNM foi de 15,3% daqueles com indicações por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. A mediana do tempo entre a indicação e a vacinação foi de 32 dias. Na estratégia II, o percentual de vacinados contra INF, com idade > 60 anos, foi de 23,1%, e de 24,6% contra PMN em todas as idades. Na estratégia III, o percentual de pacientes vacinados contra INF foi de 35,8% e contra PNM foi de 2,5%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC é muito baixa e ainda menor naqueles descompensados atendidos em serviço de emergência.FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC cursa con frecuentes descompensaciones y admisiones al servicio de emergencia. Vacunación contra Influenza (INF y Neumococo (PNM son recomendadas en las directrices, entre tanto, las infecciones respiratorias son la tercera causa de hospitalización en la IC. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la frecuencia de la vacunación contra INF y PNM en pacientes con IC en la red pública. MÉTODOS: En

Digital database of microfossil localities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Kristin; Block, Debra L.

2014-01-01

The eastern San Francisco Bay region (Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California) is a geologically complex area divided by faults into a suite of tectonic blocks. Each block contains a unique stratigraphic sequence of Tertiary sediments that in most blocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic sediments. Age and environmental interpretations based on analysis of microfossil assemblages are key factors in interpreting geologic history, structure, and correlation of each block. Much of this data, however, is distributed in unpublished internal reports and memos, and is generally unavailable to the geologic community. In this report the U.S. Geological Survey microfossil data from the Tertiary sediments of Alameda and Contra Costa counties are analyzed and presented in a digital database, which provides a user-friendly summary of the micropaleontologic data, locality information, and biostratigraphic and ecologic interpretations.

Perspectiva psicosocial en adolescentes acusados por delitos contra la salud y robo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Guadalupe Salazar Estrada

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es identificar condiciones de vida de los sujetos adolescentes acusados de cometer delitos contra la salud y robo, desde una perspectiva psicosocial. Se estudiaron un total de 122 expedientes, de los cuales el 50% son acusados y acusadas por delitos contra la salud, y el otro 50% por robo; el 70% de los hombres y el 68.2% de las mujeres han consumido un tipo drogas, un 66 % del total de la muestra presentó poca tolerancia a la frustración, el 60 % tiene un manejo inadecuado de la afectividad, con una diferencia significativa cuando se estudia por tipo de delito. Entre las diferencias encontradas, las condiciones psicológicas como la personalidad, están más asociadas a la delincuencia juvenil.

Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus papiloma humano en padres de adolescentes, en colombia

OpenAIRE

Wiesner, Carolina; Piñeros, Marion; Cortés, Claudia; Jaime Ardila, Jaime Ardila

2012-01-01

Objetivo La vacuna contra el VPH es una nueva tecnología disponible para el control del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se espera, que en el menor tiempo posible esta vacuna pueda tener cobertura universal. Este artículo presenta la aceptabilidad que tiene los padres de adolescentes en Colombia hacia la vacuna contra el VPH y hace una aproximación a sus determinantes. Métodos Estudio cualitativo en cuatro regiones en Colombia. Se realizaron 17 grupos focales con padres de niñas y niños entre 11 a 1...

Microbial ecology of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom cropping process.

Science.gov (United States)

McGee, Conor F

2018-02-01

Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated mushroom species in the world. Cultivation is commenced by inoculating beds of semi-pasteurised composted organic substrate with a pure spawn of A. bisporus. The A. bisporus mycelium subsequently colonises the composted substrate by degrading the organic material to release nutrients. A layer of peat, often called "casing soil", is laid upon the surface of the composted substrate to induce the development of the mushroom crop and maintain compost environmental conditions. Extensive research has been conducted investigating the biochemistry and genetics of A. bisporus throughout the cultivation process; however, little is currently known about the wider microbial ecology that co-inhabits the composted substrate and casing layers. The compost and casing microbial communities are known to play important roles in the mushroom production process. Microbial species present in the compost and casing are known for (1) being an important source of nitrogen for the A. bisporus mycelium, (2) releasing sugar residues through the degradation of the wheat straw in the composted substrate, (3) playing a critical role in inducing development of the A. bisporus fruiting bodies and (4) acting as pathogens by parasitising the mushroom mycelium/crop. Despite a long history of research into the mushroom cropping process, an extensive review of the microbial communities present in the compost and casing has not as of yet been undertaken. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature investigating the compost and casing microbial communities throughout cultivation of the A. bisporus mushroom crop.

Characterization of single spore isolates of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach using conventional and molecular methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Manju; Suman, B C; Gupta, Dharmesh

2014-10-01

Strains A-15, S11, S-140, and U3 of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, were used as parent strains for raising single spore homokaryotic isolates. Out of total 1,642 single spore isolates, only 36 single spore isolates were homokaryons and exhibited slow mycelial growth rate (≤2.0 mm/day) and appressed colony morphology. All these SSIs failed to produce pinheads in Petri plates even after 65 days of incubation, whereas the strandy slow growing SSIs along with parent strains were able to form the fructification in petriplates after 30 days. Out of 24, six ISSR primers, exhibited scorable bands. In the ISSR fingerprints, single spore isolates, homokaryons, lacked amplification products at multiple loci; they grow slowly and all of them had appressed types of colony morphology. The study revealed losses of ISSR polymorphic patterns in non-fertile homokaryotic single spore isolates compared to the parental control or fertile heterokaryotic single spore isolates.

La violencia de género contra las mujeres en Yucatán

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Janet Paredes Guerrero

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Se analizan los tipos de violencia: doméstica, institucional y feminicida, usando el concepto de “violencia de género contra las mujeres”, en combinación con las dimensiones de la violencia propuestas por Johan Galtung: interpersonal, estructural y cultural/simbólica, para demostrar que la violencia de género contra las mujeres en el estado de Yucatán, México, se ejerce no sólo en el hogar, sino también en las instituciones y en las representaciones colectivas, espacios en los que todavía se concibe a la mujer como un símbolo objeto, lo cual condiciona la aparición de conductas de violencia extrema que potencialmente desembocan en feminicidio.

Efectividad de la vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC® contra cepas heterólogas de meningococo B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rolando Ochoa-Azze

2016-08-01

Full Text Available La efectividad de las vacunas de vesículas de membrana externa de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo B ha sido cuestionada por algunos investigadores, limitándola a la cepa vacunal. VA-MENGOC-BC® es una vacuna antimeningocócica basada en dicha tecnología. Presentamos un metaanálisis de estudios realizados en diferentes contextos epidemiológicos, evaluando su efectividad contra cepas heterólogas de meningococo B en varios grupos de edades. Se demuestra que la vacuna es efectiva contra cepas homólogas, heterólogas y de diferentes complejos clonales.

Effect of plasma activated water on the postharvest quality of button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Yingyin; Tian, Ying; Ma, Ruonan; Liu, Qinghong; Zhang, Jue

2016-04-15

Non-thermal plasma is a new approach to improving microbiological safety while maintaining the sensory attributes of the treated foods. Recent research has reported that plasma activated water (PAW) can also efficiently inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms. This study invested the effects of plasma-activated water soaking on the postharvest preservation of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) over seven days of storage at 20°C. Plasma activated water reduced the microbial counts by 1.5 log and 0.5 log for bacteria and fungi during storage, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding physicochemical and biological properties were assessed between plasma activated water soaking groups and control groups. The results for firmness, respiration rate and relative electrical conductivity suggested that plasma activated water soaking can delay mushroom softening. Meanwhile, no significant change was observed in the color, pH, or antioxidant properties of A. bisporus treated with plasma activated water. Thus, plasma activated water soaking is a promising method for postharvest fresh-keeping of A. bisporus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Combined effect of kinetin and radiation treatment on the cap opening of Agaricus bisporus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovacs, E.

1982-01-01

Cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with a cap diameter of 3-5 cm were incubated at 20 deg C during the experimental period (30-72 h). The degree of cap opening was determined and the data were evaluated. It was found that kinetin solutions in the 0 to 32 mg kg -1 range stimulated the opening of the mushroom cap. The shorter the time elapsed between picking and treating the mushrooms, the greater was the effect. A kinetin solution with a concentration of 100 mg kg -1 inhibited the opening of the cap. Cap opening in irradiated mushrooms cannot be induced even with kinetin concentrations that stimulate cap opening. Treatment with 0, 2.5 and 10 kGy doses of radiation the stimulating effect on cap opening decreased as a function of the rising dose. The radiation effects in kinetin solutions and various natural cytokinins (zeatin, 2iP and 2iPA) were studied and it was found that cytokinin solutions lost 50-60% of their activity after a radiation dose of only 1 kGy. (author)

Carbohydrate metabolism in Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach: metabolism of [14C] labelled sugars by sporophores and mycelium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hammond, J.B.W.; Nichols, R.

1977-01-01

When growing sporophores and vegetative mycelium of Agaricus bisporus had been supplied with [ 14 C] labelled hexoses for varying periods of time, the major compounds labelled in both forms were mannitol, trehalose, glutamate, alanine and an unidentified substance. Mannitol was strongly labelled after application of [ 14 C] fructose but only weakly when [ 14 C] glucose was applied. The relative rates of oxidation by sporophores of labelled mannitol, trehalose, glucose and fructose were assessed by measuring 14 CO 2 production. Glucose and trehalose were the most rapidly oxidized substrates. Glucosephosphatase isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9) was extracted from sporohores and assayed. The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme was competitively inhibited in vitro by 6-phosphogluconate. The control of mannitol synthesis and the functions of mannitol and trehalose are discussed. (author)

Vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugh H. Smith

1940-07-01

Full Text Available El primer método efectivo de vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla que pudo ser adaptado para uso humano se basó en el trabajo de Theiler, quien en 1930 anuncio una marcada variación en el virus de la fiebre amarilla producida por pases consecutivos en cerebro de ratón blanco. Se hallo que este virus de cerebro de ratón, aunque poseía un neurotropismo aumentado, había perdido mucho viscerotropismo, Io cual sugirió su empleo como agente antigénico en la vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla. En 1931, Sawyer, Kitchen y Lloyd (2 anunciaron un método de vacunación en el que se usaba virus de cerebro de ratón simultáneamente como dosis adecuada de suero humano inmune para contrarrestar la actividad patógena de aquel. Este método de vacunación cumplió con su finalidad inmediata que era terminar con la gran serie de infección y muerte entre los investigadores de la fiebre amarilla, pero no era practico para uso en grande escala en el control de la fiebre amarilla, a causa de la dificultad de obtener y administrar la cantidad de suero inmune requerida.

Synthesis of double-stranded RNA in a virus-enriched fraction from Agaricus bisporus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sriskantha, A.; Wach, P.; Schlagnhaufer, B.; Romaine, C.P.

1986-01-01

Partially purified virus preparations from sporophores of Agaricus bisporus affected with LaFrance disease had up to a 15-fold-higher RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity than did comparable preparations from health sporophores. Enzyme activity was dependent upon the presence of Mg 2+ and the four nucleoside triphosphates and was insensitive to actinomycin D, α-amanitin, and rifampin. The 3 H-labeled enzyme reaction products were double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as indicated by CF-11 cellulose column chromatography and by their ionic-strength-dependent sensitivity to hydrolysis by RNase A. The principal dsRNA products had estimated molecular weights of 4.3 /times/ 10 6 and 1.4 /times/ 10 6 . Cs 2 SO 4 equilibrium centrifugation of the virus preparation resolved a single peak of RNA polymerase activity that banded with a 35-nm spherical virus particle containing dsRNAs with molecular weights of 4.3 /times/ 10 6 and 1.4 /times/ 10 6 . The data suggest that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with the 35-nm spherical virus is a replicase which catalyzes the synthesis of the genomic dsRNAs

Violência Contra Idosos na Família: Motivações, Sentimentos e Necessidades do Agressor

OpenAIRE

Silva,Cirlene Francisca Sales; Dias,Cristina Maria de Souza Brito

2016-01-01

Resumo O aumento mundial da população idosa tem sido acompanhado por importantes demandas, dentre elas a violência contra a pessoa idosa, que merece especial atenção devido às sequelas físicas e psicológicas que acarreta. A literatura tem focalizado mais o idoso agredido, pouco se detendo ao agressor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar a violência contra idosos na família, da perspectiva do agressor, especificamente as motivações que os impeliram à violência, os sentimentos e as n...

Composition and Biological Properties of Agaricus bisporus Fruiting Bodies – a Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muszyńska Bożena

2017-09-01

Full Text Available White Agaricus bisporus is both the most popular and the most commonly eaten edible mushroom species in the world. It is popular not only because of its taste, but also due to its high level of nutrients: dietary fiber (chitin, essential, semi-essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids, easily digestible proteins, sterols, phenolic and indole compounds, and vitamins − especially provitamin D2 and B1, B2, B6, B7, and C. Fruiting bodies of A. bisporus have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activity. The presence of antioxidant ergothioneine (which also displays the antimutagenic, chemo- and radioprotective activity is also noteworthy. A. bisporus also contains derivatives of benzoquinone, a substance which belongs to the group of antibiotics. Studies of tyrosinase isolated from this species show its very high similarity to human tyrosinase. This points directly to the fact that this species could be a rich source of tyrosinase used for medicinal and cosmetics purposes. A. bisporus is also a rich source of selenium, zinc and other elements such as magnesium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur or manganese. In conclusion, the presence of these compounds and elements with biological activity in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus confirms their nutraceutical and medicinal properties.

Influencia del bloqueo directo y el uno contra uno en el éxito del lanzamiento en baloncesto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verónica Muñoz Arroyave

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del uno contra uno y el bloqueo directo sobre la eficacia en los lanzamientos. Se desarrolló un instrumento ad hoc denominado sistema de observación de conceptos fundamentales en baloncesto (SOCFB para estudiar las acciones ofensivas del Fútbol Club Barcelona Regal en la Copa del Rey en la temporada 2013-2014. Se analizaron un total de 643 acciones ofensivas donde se destacan los siguientes hallazgos: a el 34 % de las acciones del jugador con balón finalizaron en lanzamiento mientras que el 66 % terminaron en pases; b la principal consecuencia del uno contra uno interior fueron los lanzamientos (z = 6,2, p < 0,001; c en el uno contra uno exterior se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas con el espacio exterior de la zona (z = 3,3, p < 0,001 y la lateralidad del espacio lateral izquierdo (z = 2, p <0,05; d en el bloqueo directo se observaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas con las acciones que no finalizaron. De estos resultados podemos extraer las siguientes conclusiones: a el bloqueo directo es el concepto más utilizado y fue utilizado como medio para la generación de ventajas; b el uno contra uno interior genera más lanzamientos y de mayor efectividad.

Effect of time step size and turbulence model on the open water hydrodynamic performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhan-zhi; Xiong, Ying

2013-04-01

A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers (CRPs) due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibration. Compared with the single-screw system, it is more difficult for the open water performance prediction because forward and aft propellers interact with each other and generate a more complicated flow field around the CRPs system. The current work focuses on the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers by RANS and sliding mesh method considering the effect of computational time step size and turbulence model. The validation study has been performed on two sets of contra-rotating propellers developed by David W Taylor Naval Ship R & D center. Compared with the experimental data, it shows that RANS with sliding mesh method and SST k-ω turbulence model has a good precision in the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers, and small time step size can improve the level of accuracy for CRPs with the same blade number of forward and aft propellers, while a relatively large time step size is a better choice for CRPs with different blade numbers.

Parental Influence, Youth Contra-Culture and Rural Adolescent Attitudes Toward Negroes.

Science.gov (United States)

Hough, Richard L.; And Others

High school students and heads of households in rural areas of Illinois were studied with respect to their attitudes toward Negroes. The hypothesis used was that a youth subculture or "contra-culture" did serve as an important socializing agent in forming the attitudes of students toward Negroes. Results indicated that there was only…

O que o reumatologista deve saber sobre a vacina contra febre amarela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Cristina Vanderley Oliveira

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Os pacientes portadores de doenças reumáticas são mais suscetíveis à infecção, quer seja pela própria doença de base ou pelo tratamento empregado. É papel do reumatologista prevenir as infecções nesse grupo de pacientes e, dentre as estratégias empregadas, encontra-se a vacinação. No grupo das doenças infecciosas que podem ser prevenidas está a febre amarela. Sua vacina é segura e eficaz na população em geral, mas, assim como as vacinas contendo organismos vivos atenuados, deve ser evitada sempre que possível em portadores de doenças reumáticas em uso de medicamentos imunossupressores. Sendo a febre amarela endêmica em grande parte do Brasil, e estando a vacinação contra essa doença indicada para a população residente em extensa parte do território nacional (além dos viajantes para essas regiões, torna-se essencial que o reumatologista tenha conhecimento da doença, das indicações e contraindicações da vacina contra a febre amarela. Nosso artigo tem o objetivo de destacar os principais aspectos que o reumatologista precisa conhecer sobre a vacina contra a febre amarela, para decidir por sua indicação ou contraindicação após avaliação do risco-benefício em situações específicas.

Una vacuna contra la tuberculosi, provada en cabres

OpenAIRE

Pérez del Val, Bernat

2012-01-01

Investigadors del CReSA han dut a terme el primer estudi de vacunació contra la tuberculosi utilitzant com a model experimental la cabra domèstica, que reprodueix amb molta similitud la resposta a la tuberculosi en humans. La vacuna, anomenada AdAg85A, ha estat dissenyada per investigadors de McMaster University (Canadà) per prevenir la tuberculosi en humans, i actualment es troba en fase I d’assajos clínics. De moment, aquest estudi mostra que la inoculació d’aquesta nova vacuna, com a refor...

Violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: Revisâo sistemática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alanna de Medeiros Pinheiro Cachina

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Essa revisâo sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso» e «maus-tratos e idoso», com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicaçôes, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, identificando dificuldades e formas de enfrentamento encontradas pela rede de proteçâo ao idoso vítima de violência. No método, utilizaram-se como critérios de seleçâo: artigos que abordassem a temática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, nâo duplicidade e publicaçôes nacionais. Foram identificados 17 artigos distintos, publicados entre 2007 e 2014. Os resultados apontaram como principais dificuldades no que se refere ao enfrentamento da problemática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: subnotificaçâo, ausência de fluxo entre os órgâos da rede de proteçâo, falta de preparo das equipes de saúde para lidar com a problemática e carência de estrutura para se trabalhar com esta demanda. Já no que se refere às formas de enfrentamento mais recorrentes, as estratégias mais apontadas foram: articulaçâo entre os serviços de proteçâo à pessoa idosa, fortalecimento do apoio ao idoso e sua família, investimento na capacitaçâo dos profissionais de saúde e açôes voltadas para a atençâo ao cuidador.

Actividad contra Leishmania sp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) de plantas en una Reserva Biológica de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Misael Chinchilla-Carmona; Idalia Valerio-Campos; Ronald Sánchez-Porras; Vanessa Bagnarello-Madrigal; Laura Martínez-Esquivel; Antonieta González-Paniagua; Javier Alpizar-Cordero; Maribel Cordero-Villalobos; Daniela Rodríguez-Chaves

2014-01-01

La leishmaniosis es una enfermedad muy importante para el ser humano pero su tratamiento es bastante difícil. Por esta razón muchos investigadores han venido buscando plantas que contengan componentes químicos activos contra esta parasitosis. En Costa Rica no se tienen estudios al respecto y por eso el objetivo de este estudio fue la búsqueda de componentes activos contra Leishmania sp. en plantas de Costa Rica; 67 especies de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB) fueron selecci...

(Invisibilidade da violência contra as mulheres na saúde mental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Pedrosa

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento acerca da percepção, crenças e conhecimentos sobre violência contra as mulheres e políticas públicas em profissionais de saúde mental. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas e, a partir da análise de seus conteúdos, foram criadas cinco categorias: “percepção das demandas apresentadas por homens e mulheres”, “experiência no atendimento a mulheres que sofreram violência”, “relação entre violência e saúde mental”, “conhecimento sobre a Lei Maria da Penha e políticas públicas para as mulheres” e “(desconhecimento da notificação compulsória da violência contra as mulheres”. Os profissionais apresentaram dificuldade para lidar com o tema, principalmente relacionada à notificação da violência e ao encaminhamento do caso. A atuação é baseada na intuição e não em conhecimentos teórico práticos.

Application of a Predictive Growth Model of Pseudomonas spp. for Estimating Shelf Life of Fresh Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jianming; Chen, Junran; Hu, Yunfeng; Hu, Hanyan; Liu, Guohua; Yan, Ruixiang

2017-10-01

For prediction of the shelf life of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the growth curve of the main spoilage microorganisms was studied under isothermal conditions at 2 to 22°C with a modified Gompertz model. The effect of temperature on the growth parameters for the main spoilage microorganisms was quantified and modeled using the square root model. Pseudomonas spp. were the main microorganisms causing A. bisporus decay, and the modified Gompertz model was useful for modelling the growth curve of Pseudomonas spp. All the bias factors values of the model were close to 1. By combining the modified Gompertz model with the square root model, a prediction model to estimate the shelf life of A. bisporus as a function of storage temperature was developed. The model was validated for A. bisporus stored at 6, 12, and 18°C, and adequate agreement was found between the experimental and predicted data.

Fate of Carbohydrates and Lignin during Composting and Mycelium Growth of Agaricus bisporus on Wheat Straw Based Compost

Science.gov (United States)

Jurak, Edita; Punt, Arjen M.; Arts, Wim; Kabel, Mirjam A.; Gruppen, Harry

2015-01-01

In wheat straw based composting, enabling growth of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, it is unknown to which extent the carbohydrate-lignin matrix changes and how much is metabolized. In this paper we report yields and remaining structures of the major components. During the Phase II of composting 50% of both xylan and cellulose were metabolized by microbial activity, while lignin structures were unaltered. During A. bisporus’ mycelium growth (Phase III) carbohydrates were only slightly consumed and xylan was found to be partially degraded. At the same time, lignin was metabolized for 45% based on pyrolysis GC/MS. Remaining lignin was found to be modified by an increase in the ratio of syringyl (S) to guaiacyl (G) units from 0.5 to 0.7 during mycelium growth, while fewer decorations on the phenolic skeleton of both S and G units remained. PMID:26436656

Direct electrochemistry of dopamine on gold-Agaricus bisporus laccase enzyme electrode: characterization and quantitative detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Shervedani, Reza Karimi; Amini, Akbar

2012-04-01

Direct electrochemistry of a new laccase enzyme immobilized on gold and its application as a biosensor for dopamine (DA) are investigated by voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor demonstrated a redox adsorption behavior with E(0') = + 180 mV vs. Ag/AgCl for immobilized Agaricus bisporus laccase (LacAB) enzyme. The MPA platform was assembled on Au with and without utilization of ultrasounds. Excellent results were obtained by using the enzyme electrode fabricated based on MPA assembled with sonication. The LacAB immobilized in this condition showed a large electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of DA. Accordingly, a third-generation (mediator free) biosensor was constructed for DA. The DA concentration could be measured in the linear range of 0.5 to 13.0 and 47.0 to 430.0 μmol L(-1) with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.989, respectively, and a detection limit of 29.0 nmol L(-1). The biosensor was successfully tested for determination of DA in human blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Violencia contra la mujer en feminicidio en el periodo 2009- 2014 por regiones en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Torres Castillo, Rosa María

2017-01-01

La presente investigación “Violencia Contra la Mujer en Feminicidio en el periodo 2009 -2014 por regiones en el Perú” tuvo como objetivo general determinar las diferencias existentes en los casos de violencia contra la mujer en Feminicidio que se han producido en el quinquenio 2009-2014 por regiones en el Perú. La población estuvo conformada por las estadísticas de feminicidios de los años 2009-2014, la muestra censal considero toda la población, en los cuales se han emplead...

Alta frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara en un hospital pediátrico del Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edwin Miranda-Choque

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las enfermedades zoonóticas trasmitidas por animales domésticos pueden ser consideradas como problema en salud pública en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara en niños con sospecha clínica de toxocariasis. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo trasversal. Institución: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Niños con serología positiva para toxocara. Métodos: Se estudió los casos positivos para toxocara por serología, en el periodo 2007 a 2010. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencia y características de los casos seropositivos contra toxocara. Resultados: De 242 casos con sospecha de toxocara, 148 (61,2% fueron seropositivos contra toxocara, siendo la media de edad 6,8 (DE 3,8 años; el grupo etario de 2 a 10 correspondió a 69,6%; el motivo de consulta fue la eosinofilia en 70,9%. Conclusiones: El INSN atiende niños con una alta frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara, en pacientes sospechosos por esta enfermedad; esto ocurre principalmente en los niños de 2 a 10 años, hallándose aumento de los eosinófilos.

Fungicide sensitivity of Trichoderma spp. from Agaricus bisporus farms in Serbia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kosanović, Dejana; Potočnik, Ivana; Vukojević, Jelena; Stajić, Mirjana; Rekanović, Emil; Stepanović, Miloš; Todorović, Biljana

2015-01-01

Trichoderma species, the causal agents of green mould disease, induce great losses in Agaricus bisporus farms. Fungicides are widely used to control mushroom diseases although green mould control is encumbered with difficulties. The aims of this study were, therefore, to research in vitro toxicity of several commercial fungicides to Trichoderma isolates originating from Serbian and Bosnia-Herzegovina farms, and to evaluate the effects of pH and light on their growth. The majority of isolates demonstrated optimal growth at pH 5.0, and the rest at pH 6.0. A few isolates also grew well at pH 7. The weakest mycelial growth was noted at pH 8.0-9.0. Generally, light had an inhibitory effect on the growth of tested isolates. The isolates showed the highest susceptibility to chlorothalonil and carbendazim (ED50 less than 1 mg L(-1)), and were less sensitive to iprodione (ED50 ranged 0.84-6.72 mg L(-1)), weakly resistant to thiophanate-methyl (ED50 = 3.75-24.13 mg L(-1)), and resistant to trifloxystrobin (ED50 = 10.25-178.23 mg L(-1)). Considering the toxicity of fungicides to A. bisporus, carbendazim showed the best selective toxicity (0.02), iprodione and chlorothalonil moderate (0.16), and thiophanate-methyl the lowest (1.24), while trifloxystrobin toxicity to A. bisporus was not tested because of its inefficiency against Trichoderma isolates.

Revisar Ley contra la Trata de Personas y Creación de la Coalición Nacional contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Migrantes y Trata de Personas, desde el enfoque de Derechos Humanos

OpenAIRE

Artavia Campos, Silvia Elena

2014-01-01

Esta investigación cualitativa, de tipo normal y socio-jurídica, se toma como base el análisis de la Ley 9095, Ley contra la Trata de Personas y Creación de la Coalición Nacional contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Migrantes y Trata de Personas, publicada en el año 2013, a la luz de los derechos promulgados en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos. Además aprovecho mi experiencia profesional, durante la realización de la presente investigación, mi trabajo consiste en la atención integral d...

Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas: criterios de instalación y uso

OpenAIRE

Carrión Jackson, Elena

2016-01-01

“Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas: Legislación, definiciones y equipos”. Dentro del sector de la construcción, el riesgo de caída a distinto nivel en trabajos de altura supone un elevado número de accidentes mortales, que en muchos casos son debidos al desconocimiento de los sistemas de protección o a una incorrecta elección de sus componentes. Desde el punto de vista normativo UNE-EN 363:2099 Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas, describe y detalla cinco sistemas no...

Luta Armada na Psicologia: Prática de Classe contra o Terrorismo de Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juberto Antonio Massud de Souza

Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo retomar parte da historiografia sobre os psicólogos e estudantes de Psicologia que integraram agrupamentos armados contra o golpe de classe de 1964. Para tal, consideramos que o processo de desenvolvimento da Psicologia, enquanto ciência e profissão, mostra-se interligado nas múltiplas contradições da formação da classe trabalhadora brasileira. Partindo dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético, recompomos, no plano ideal, parte do movimento real produzido pela ação daqueles sujeitos. Resgatamos as trajetórias das pessoas que participaram da luta armada contra o terrorismo de estado a partir de casos ilustrativos que nos mostram suas presenças em organizações políticas das quais fizeram parte. Para tal, reconstruímos este movimento a partir das publicações existentes. Concluímos que existe um elo entre a vanguarda da luta armada, com a presença de algumas frações da Psicologia, composta majoritariamente por sua juventude, e a construção contraditória dentro da própria profissão no Brasil. Ambos são momentos da totalidade da história da Psicologia, que mostra a maneira pela qual alguns importantes setores posicionaram-se na luta contra a ditadura civil-militar.

La violencia contra mujeres en comunidades transnacionales de San Luis Potosí, México: un problema de salud pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yesica Yolanda Rangel Flores

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La violencia contra las mujeres es un problema mundial, dado el impacto que tiene en la calidad de vida de quienes la viven, bajo la complicidad de una cultura patriarcal y un Estado que la invisibiliza. Este artículo busca hacer visibles los contextos de violencia en que viven mujeres "parejas de migrantes" en las localidades de origen, problematizando cómo atentan contra su salud física y mental. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque en la antropología interpretativa, con 21 mujeres de localidades rurales y urbanas de San Luis Potosí, México; se aplicaron entrevistas desde el marco de historia de la vida cotidiana y análisis de discurso. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres viven mayor violencia cuando sus parejas migran, nuevas formas de violencia se cometen contra ellas, y los ámbitos en que la sufren incluyen el doméstico y el comunitario. La violencia contra las mujeres constituye un problema de salud pública que debe atenderse desde un marco sensible a las dinámicas sociales y culturales que caracterizan los contextos en que se aplican los programas de salud.

Functionalization of yogurts with Agaricus bisporus extracts encapsulated in spray-dried maltodextrin crosslinked with citric acid.

Science.gov (United States)

Francisco, Cristhian R L; Heleno, Sandrina A; Fernandes, Isabel P M; Barreira, João C M; Calhelha, Ricardo C; Barros, Lillian; Gonçalves, Odinei Hess; Ferreira, Isabel C F R; Barreiro, Maria Filomena

2018-04-15

Mushroom extracts contain bioactive compounds potentially useful to functionalize foodstuffs. Herein, alcoholic extracts of Agaricus bisporus were studied for their bioactivity and viability as functional ingredients in a food product with high water content (yogurt). Extracts were microencapsulated (to improve their stability and hydrophilicity) by spray-drying, using maltodextrin crosslinked with citric acid as encapsulating material. The effect of thermal treatment (after atomization) on crosslinking and bioactivity of microspheres was tested. The incorporation of free and thermally untreated forms resulted in yogurts with higher initial antioxidant activity (EC 50 values: 214 and 272 mg.mL -1 ) that decreased after 7 days (EC 50 values: 248 and 314 mg.mL -1 ). Contrarily, thermally treated microencapsulated extracts showed higher antioxidant activity after the same period (EC 50 values, 0 days: 106 mg.mL -1 ; 7 days: 48.7 mg.mL -1 ), in result of an effective protection provided by microencapsulation with crosslinked maltodextrin and citric acid. Functionalized yogurts showed an overall maintenance of nutritional properties. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Meios de comunicação impressos, representações sociais e violência contra idosos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evelyn Rúbia de Albuquerque Saraiva

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais da violência e dos maus-tratos contra os idosos divulgadas pela mídia impressa paulista e paraibana. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental com 126 notícias dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Norte (Paraíba, cujos textos foram analisados pelas classificações hierárquicas descendente e ascendente processadas pelo software Alceste. As representações sociais sobre a violência contra os idosos apresentaram-se polarizadas entre os dois jornais: no paraibano destacaram-se as temáticas dos direitos e das políticas públicas, e no paulista, emergiu a concepção de violência, em relação aos idosos, como vítimas, e em relação aos seus agressores, como uma questão policial. Infere-se que a produção e difusão de conhecimentos por intermédio dos jornais desvelam nas representações sociais hegemônicas da sociedade certa pressão sobre os sujeitos sociais, demandando intervenções psicossociais em diversos segmentos desta sociedade, principalmente em se tratando de um fenômeno extremamente complexo como o é a violência contra idosos.

Impacto de la vacunación contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b en Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dickinson Félix O.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de la vacunación de menores de 2 años en Cuba contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, principal agente causal de la meningitis bacteriana en ese país. Métodos. La disponibilidad de vacunas conjugadas eficaces contra Hib motivó la vacunación nacional en 1999 de niños menores de 2 años, que alcanzó una cobertura de 97%. El impacto se evaluó mediante el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Meningoencefalitis Bacterianas (SNVMEB. Resultados. La eficacia global de la vacunación se estimó en 99% y la incidencia general de la meningoencefalitis por Hib disminuyó de 1,3 a 0,6 por 100 000 habitantes (46,1%, observándose la mayor reducción en niños menores de 5 años (56,1%. En los menores de 1 año se redujo 70,5% y en el resto de los grupos de menores de 5 años disminuyó entre 25,9 y 49,6%. En el grupo diana para la vacunación, la incidencia se redujo 61,1%; entre los niños de este grupo que contrajeron la meningoencefalitis por Hib, solamente 8 (24,2% estaban vacunados, 7 de ellos con una sola dosis, aplicada 1 mes antes de enfermar. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado que la vacunación a gran escala de los niños menores de 2 años contra Hib en Cuba a través del SNVMEB ha logrado disminuir notablemente la incidencia de meningoencefalitis por Hib.

Homens, gênero e violência contra a mulher Men, gender and violence against women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Costa Lima

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Considerando o compromisso do Estado brasileiro de coibir e prevenir a violência contra a mulher, firmado em várias conferências internacionais e tendo em vista a promulgação da Lei 11.340/06 - a Lei Maria da Penha -, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre a incorporação dos homens e da perspectiva de gênero nos esforços de prevenção e atenção à violência contra as mulheres. Apesar do crescente interesse da literatura científica e da intervenção em saúde com o envolvimento dos homens, em especial, no campo dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, comparativamente, reflexões e intervenções com homens autores de violência contra a mulher têm recebido bem menos atenção de órgãos governamentais, não-governamentais e pela academia. O artigo apresenta alguns conceitos e dados sobre a violência contra as mulheres e descreve um panorama sobre a conexão entre gênero, saúde e masculinidades; analisa trabalhos que abordam os temas homens e violência contra as mulheres e apresenta algumas ações voltadas à prevenção dessa forma de violência junto à população masculina; e por fim tece algumas considerações finais sobre o tema.Considering the commitment made by the Brazilian Government to restrain and prevent violence against women, signed in various international conferences, and in view of the promulgation of the Law 11.340/06 - Lei Maria da Penha -, this article intends to develop a reflection on the incorporation of men and of the gender perspective in efforts to prevent and attend to violence against women. Despite the increasing interest of scientific literature and health intervention in the involvement of men, especially in the field of sexual and reproductive rights, comparatively, reflections and interventions directed at men who have committed violence against women have received far less attention from governmental and non-governmental institutions, and from the academy. The article

Violência contra os idosos: análise documental Violencia contra los ancianos: análisis documental Violence against the aged: documental analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacy Aurélia Vieira de Souza

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os dados de violência e maus-tratos contra os idosos por meio de documentos oficiais, em Fortaleza-CE. Estudo retrospectivo, documental realizada em uma instituição de referência do Ceará, oficializada em denúncias de violência contra idosos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2005. Dos 424 documentos analisados, 284(67% identificou-se como abandono dos idosos. Quanto ao agressor, 207(49% era filho da vítima. Dentre os casos de violências, 161 (38% foi negligência, seguido por apropriação indébita de aposentadoria, 114 (27%; agressão verbal, 79(19% e física 68(16%. Tais eventos foram registrados por meio de denúncias, principalmente, ao serviço Alô-Idoso, 306(77%. Pôde-se verificar a importância de serviços voltados para essa questão, porém torna-se fundamental que políticas públicas enfoquem o papel social do idoso e privilegiem o cuidado e a proteção dessa parcela populacional em suas famílias e instituições.Lo estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los datos sobre violencia contra los ancianos en la contexto familiar. Se realizó un estudio documental retrospectivo en una institución de referencia de Ceará, con oficialización en reclamaciones de violencia contra los ancianos. Se coletaron los datos en enero a julio de 2005. Se compilaron 424 datos. Se constató que 284 (67%, caso de violencia ocurrieron a los ancianos de sexo femenino. Con relación a los agresores, 207 (49%, eran hijos de las víctimas. Entre los tipos de violencia, 161(38% son negligencia, 114 (27%, la apropiación indebida de lo jubilación; la agresión verbal, 79 (19%, y la agresión físico, 68 (16%. Se ha podido identificar la importancia de servicio a cerca de la cuestión, no obstante, se resulta fundamental que políticas públicas de ese porcentaje de la población proyecten la función social del anciano, a sí convalorar el cuidado y la protección de ese porcentaje poblacional en sus

Protección contra la contaminación acústica de Aragón.

OpenAIRE

Aragón.

2011-01-01

Contiene: la Ley 7/2010 de 18 de noviembre de Protección Contra la Contaminación Acústica de Aragón. Incluye (p. [111]-152): Ordenanza municipal tipo de Aragón en materia de contaminación acústica.

Effects of gamma irradiation dose rate on microbiological and physical quality of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beaulieu, M.; Lacroix, M.; Charbonneau, R.; Laberge, I.; Gagnon, M.

1992-01-01

The effects of gamma irradiation (2 kGy) and dose rate of irradiation (4.5 and 32.0 kGy/h) on increasing the shelf-life and some quality properties of the mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were investigated during storage at 15 deg C and 90% R.H. The retardation of mushroom growth and ageing by reduction of gamma irradiation dose rate (4.5 kGy) was observed by measurements of the cap opening, the stipe increase, the cap diameter, the weight loss and the color of the caps. The color was measured in order to evaluate the lightness with the L value measurement and the color changes were measured in terms of lightness, hue and chroma. The control of fungal and bacterial diseases were also evaluated. The irradiation of mushrooms at both dose rates of irradiation was found to be effective in lowering microorganism counts initially and throughout storage and increased the shelf-life by four days. This study also showed that mushrooms exposed to a lower dose rate (4.5 kGy/h) of irradiation preserve the whiteness and reduce the stripe increase of mushrooms during storage

Prevalência de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados na artrite idiopática juvenil

OpenAIRE

Machado,Sandra H.; von Mühlen,Carlos A.; Brenol,João C. T.; Bisotto,Letícia; Xavier,Ricardo Machado

2005-01-01

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados em uma coorte de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil. MÉTODOS: A presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) no soro de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil com idade inferior a 18 anos, acompanhados no ambulatório de reumatologia pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, com tempo de diagnóstico de doença de, no mínimo, 6 mese...

Statistical modelling for precision agriculture: A case study in optimal environmental schedules for Agaricus Bisporus production via variable domain functional regression

Science.gov (United States)

Panayi, Efstathios; Kyriakides, George

2017-01-01

Quantifying the effects of environmental factors over the duration of the growing process on Agaricus Bisporus (button mushroom) yields has been difficult, as common functional data analysis approaches require fixed length functional data. The data available from commercial growers, however, is of variable duration, due to commercial considerations. We employ a recently proposed regression technique termed Variable-Domain Functional Regression in order to be able to accommodate these irregular-length datasets. In this way, we are able to quantify the contribution of covariates such as temperature, humidity and water spraying volumes across the growing process, and for different lengths of growing processes. Our results indicate that optimal oxygen and temperature levels vary across the growing cycle and we propose environmental schedules for these covariates to optimise overall yields. PMID:28961254

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiao, De-Liang; Zhao, Feng; Huang, Hai-Zhong; Fan, Chun-Chun; Han, Lei

2012-08-01

To optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus and evaluate antioxidant activities of A. bisporus polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from A. bisporus was extracted by using methods of ultrasonic-assisted hot water lixiviation, ethanol precipitation, Sevag's deproteination and ethanol precipitation again. Extraction temperature, extraction time, ratio of water to raw material and ultrasonic power were selected in single-factor tests. Based on the single-factor tests, parameters combination for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of A. bisporus polysaccharides was optimized by using four-factor-three-level orthogonal test. Antioxidant activities (reductive potential, superoxide anion scavenging activity and H2O2 scavenging activity) of A. bisporus polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. Optimum conditions for the extracting of A. bisporus polysaccharides were extracting temperature 65 degrees C, extracting time 40 min, ratio of water to raw material 30 mL/g and ultrasonic power 170 w. Practicing this optimal condition, extraction yield of polysaccharides from A. bisporus was 5.6 014%. In crude polysaccharides of A. bisporus, carbohydrates content, determined by applying the phenol-sulfuric acid method, was 75.48%. Polysaccharides of A. bisporus could reduce ferric ion, scavenge superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. Utrasonic-assisted extraction could be used in the extracting of A. bisporus polysaccharides. Polysaccharides of A. bisporus, had direct and potent antioxidant activities, might be developed and utilized as natural antioxidant.

Efecto de medidas preventivas contra la toxoplasmosis en embarazadas

OpenAIRE

María Mercedes Santacruz; Reinaldo Heredia; Augusto Corredor Arjona

1992-01-01

La incidencia de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii, fue estudiada en el laboratorio de Parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Salud en los sueros de 1000 mujeres embarazadas, seleccionadas entre las que asistieron al control prenatal en la Caja de Previsión, durante los años de 1987 a 1990. En los sueros se midieron anticuerpos específicos IgG contra el Toxoplasma gondii, por la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta. El 59% de las mujeres fueron positivas con títulos entre 1:16 y 1:4.096...

Contra spem spero : [luuletused] / Lesja Ukrainka ; tlk. Harald Rajamets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ukrainka, Lesja

2004-01-01

Sisu: Contra spem spero ; Krimmi mälestusi : Merevaikus : Maruilm : Bahţisarai palee ; Purunenud viinaklaas ; Aoeelsed tuled ; Meloodiad ; Igaveseks mälestuseks kirjakesele, mille sõbrakäsi ohupäevil ära põletas ; "Kui ma lapsepõlves vahel..." ; Romanss ; Ukraina kirjanduse saja aasta juubeliks ; Unustatud vari ; "Välud, veel laiguti sulava lumega..." ; "Alati oksakroon peas..." ; "Oi ma käin kesk kuivi kuuski, mu süda on valus..." ; "Oi ei kadund kuldsed okaspõõsad..." ; "Kord püha hermandaadi ajal juhtus..." ; Lõbus härra ; Praktiline härra ; Laine ; Reisiraamatust : Pontos Axeinos : Udus

Radiation dose to contra lateral breast during treatment of breast malignancy by radiotherapy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chougule Arun

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Aims: External beam radiotherapy is being used regularly to treat the breast malignancy postoperatively. The contribution of collimator leakage and scatter radiation dose to contralateral breast is of concern because of high radio sensitivity of breast tissue for carcinogenesis. This becomes more important when the treated cancer breast patient is younger than 45 years and therefore the contralateral breast must be treated as organ at risk. Quantification of contralateral dose during primary breast irradiation is helpful to estimate the risk of radiation induced secondary breast malignancy. Materials and Methods: In present study contralateral breast dose was measured in 30 cancer breast patients undergoing external beam therapy by Co-60 teletherapy machine. Postoperative radiotherapy was delivered by medial and lateral tangential fields on alternate days in addition to supraclavicle field daily with 200 cGy/F to a total dose of 5000 cGy in 25 fractions. CaSO4: Dy themoluminescence dosimeter discs were employed for these measurements. Three TLD discs were put on the surface of skin of contra lateral breast, one at the level of nipple and two at 3 cms away from nipple on both side along the midline for each field. At the end treatment of each filed, TLD discs were removed and measured for dose after 24h on Thelmador - 6000 TLD reader. Results: The dose at the contra lateral breast nipple was to be 152.5 to 254.75 cGy for total primary breast dose of 5000 cGy in 25 equal fractions which amounted to 3.05-6.05% of total dose to diseased breast. Further it was observed that the maximum contribution of contralateral breast dose was due to medical tangential half blocked field. Conclusion: CaSO4; Dy thermoluminescence dosimetry is quite easy, accurate and convenient method to measure the contra lateral breast dose.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER: PROBLEMATIZANDO DEFINIÇÕES TEÓRICAS, FILOSÓFICAS E JURÍDICAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maisa Campos Guimarães

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A violência doméstica contra a mulher é um fenômeno múltiplo e complexo que tem destacado importantes discussões teórico-filosóficas e questionamentos ético-políticos. O presente artigo se propõe a articular a perspectiva de gênero às análises sobre violência em suas dimensões subjetiva, histórica, social e cultural, buscando (releituras críticas acerca das definições dessas violências. O olhar sobre a cultura machista e patriarcal brasileira revela posturas de legitimação e banalização de tais violências que legislações recentes, como a Lei Maria da Penha, buscam superar. Esta lei traz inovações jurídicas e processuais que pretendem empreender mudanças legais, políticas e culturais na afirmação dos direitos humanos das mulheres. Por tais perspectivas, propomos-nos a problematizar definições e tipificações das violências contra as mulheres e articular uma compreensão com a perspectiva ética e histórica dos direitos humanos, incorporando assim as dimensões ética e política ao olhar crítico e complexo sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher.

Abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra o idoso em uma unidade básica de saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Claudia Nunes de Souza Wanderbroocke

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever a abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra idosos em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados por meio de observação participante com registro em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram das entrevistas dez profissionais da UBS. Os dados foram analisados segundo o referencial da Grounded Theory e duas categorias foram discutidas: manejo profissional de situações de violência familiar contra o idoso e condições da UBS para atender a situações de violência familiar contra o idoso. Os dados apontam para dificuldades dos profissionais de identificar situações de violência e crenças relacionadas à impossibilidade de enfrentá-la. Em termos institucionais, os dados indicam fatores que desfavorecem a detecção e acompanhamento dos casos como a menor ênfase no trabalho interdisciplinar e rotinas voltadas para a saúde física. O estudo sugere a necessidade de oferecer aos profissionais oportunidade para a reflexão sobre violência e possibilidades de intervenção.

NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE EN RADIOLOGÍA ESTOMATOLÓGICA EN ALUMNOS DE LA CLÍNICA ODONTOLÓGICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS, AREQUIPA. 2013

OpenAIRE

FLORES PIZARRO, CRISTIAN

2014-01-01

CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DE LA POBLACIÓN CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE SEGÚN EDAD CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE SEGÚN GENERO

Sociedade civil, Estado e autonomia: argumentos, contra-argumentos e avanços no debate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian Gurza Lavalle

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O cenário brasileiro das relações entre Estado e sociedade civil tem se reconfigurado ao longo das últimas três décadas, suscitando esforços da literatura especializada para diagnosticar tais mudanças mediante deslocamentos analíticos e revisões de pressupostos. Em diálogo com um diagnóstico recente de conjunto que recoloca algumas teses importantes na literatura e segundo o qual essa reconfiguração é uma passagem de um período histórico de autonomia plena dos atores sociais para um momento de interdependência com o Estado, o artigo desenvolve quatro contra-argumentos amparados em deslocamentos teórico-analíticos e metodológicos que, junto à extensa pesquisa empírica, marcam avanços no debate do país sobre as relações socioestatais. Os contra-argumentos partem do pressuposto da mútua constituição, ou codeterminação, entre Estado e sociedade civil e revisam criticamente os argumentos sobre a emergência tardia da sociedade civil no Brasil, seu nascimento sob o signo de uma não relação com o Estado e os partidos políticos, bem como sobre o advento da interdependência com o Estado no período pós-constituinte. No seu todo, o conjunto dos contra-argumentos mostra os ganhos analíticos de uma perspectiva centrada nas interações socioestatais e de uma compreensão relacional de autonomia tanto no plano da prática dos atores quanto no plano da teoria.

Violencia intrafamiliar contra las mujeres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar Huertas Díaz

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El presente texto pretende abordar el tema de violencia en contra de las mujeres desde la perspectiva familiar, es decir la violencia intrafamiliar o también llamada doméstica, entendida y afirmada desde la Corte Constitucional, como aquella violencia que causa daño o maltrato físico, psíquico o sexual, trato cruel, intimidatorio o degradante, amenaza, agravio, ofensa o cualquier otra forma de agresión, producida entre miembros de una familia, llámese cónyuge o compañero permanente, padre o madre, aunque no convivan bajo el mismo techo, ascendientes o descendientes de estos incluyendo hijos adoptivos, y en general todas las personas que de manera permanente se hallaren integrados a la unidad doméstica. Junto a ello el documento explicará de qué forma afecta esta particular clase de violencia a las mujeres, los abusos y malos tratos que la materializan, y las medidas adoptadas por el Estado Colombiano para enfrentar sus consecuencias, y por último la presentación de los conceptos que maneja la Corte Constitucional en la interpretación de dicho fenómeno.

LA LUCHA CONTRA LAS DROGAS: FRACASO DE UNA GUERRA, COMIENZO DE UNA NUEVA POLÍTICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Alejandro Bedoya Jiménez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Son muchas políticas de corte represivo las que se han implementado desde hace más de 50 años por parte de los países productores y consumidores de drogas, con el fi n no solo de disminuir la producción de éstas, sino también su consumo. Hoy, cuando se ha intentado todo tipo de coerción posible en contra de los mercados ilegales de drogas, el mundo se ha dado cuenta de que los costos (económicos, sociales, ambientales y humanos de su implementación han sobrepasado los benefi cios. Es el momento de incluir cambios legislativos en las políticas impartidas por los distintos organismos del orden mundial, cambios donde la salud y el ser humano sean el principal objetivo de la fracasada lucha contra las drogas.

Efeitos metabólicos da suplementação dietética com Agaricus sylvaticus em pacientes com câncer colorretal em fase pós-operatória

OpenAIRE

Fortes, Renata Costa

2011-01-01

O câncer colorretal é um dos mais comuns tipos de neoplasias malignas. Pacientes com câncer apresentam diversas anormalidades metabólicas e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e enzimáticos, com repercussões significativas sobre a qualidade de vida. Os fungos Agaricus sylvaticus têm sido utilizados como suplementos dietéticos devido às suas propriedades nutricionais, farmacológicas e organolépticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos metabólicos da suplementação dietética com fungos Agaric...

Violencia contra sindicalistas en medio del conflicto armado colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camilo Echandía Castilla

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la violencia contra sindicalistas en medio del conflicto armado colombiano pone al descubierto el carácter selectivo y sistemático de una violencia deliberada que busca debilitar, neutralizar, desarticular o cooptar a las organizaciones sociales, reducir su capacidad de presión y acallar sus reivindicaciones. Los homicidios de sindicalistas se han reducido en los últimos años debido a la desmovilización de parte del componente de las autodefensas y al repliegue de las guerrillas, y a su salida de zonas que disputaban con los paramilitares. Las bandas criminales también asesinan sindicalistas, pero en menor número.

Vacinas contra varicela e vacina quádrupla viral Varicella vaccines and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucia Ferro Bricks

2006-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Apresentar uma revisão atualizada sobre os estudos de eficácia, eventos adversos e esquema vacinal da vacina contra varicela e a nova apresentação combinada com a vacina contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão bibliográfica utilizando a base de dados MEDLINE e LILACS no período de 1999 a 2006. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A vacina contra varicela tem uma eficácia entre 70 a 90% contra a infecção e 95 a 98% de proteção contra as formas graves. É uma vacina bem tolerada e pouco reatogênica. Após o seu licenciamento, foram comprovados apenas três casos de transmissão do vírus vacinal de pessoas previamente saudáveis para contatos domiciliares, que desenvolveram doença leve. Apesar das evidências de que a proteção conferida pela vacina pode diminuir com o passar dos anos, ainda não é possível afirmar que seja necessário, no momento, a aplicação de uma segunda dose, tendo em vista a exposição ao vírus selvagem. Após a vacinação universal, as chances de estímulo natural deverão diminuir, e muito provavelmente será necessário a aplicação de doses de reforço. Recentemente foi licenciada a vacina quádrupla viral, um produto combinado com a vacina contra sarampo, caxumba, rubéola e varicela com elevadas taxas de soroconversão. CONCLUSÃO:A vacina contra varicela é recomendada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP para as crianças a partir de 1 ano de idade. Esperamos que, em breve, a vacina quádrupla viral esteja disponível no Brasil, pois o uso de vacinas combinadas possibilita uma maior cobertura vacinal.OBJECTIVES: To present an up-to-date review of studies investigating the efficacy, adverse events and vaccination regimens of the varicella vaccine and the new presentation combined with the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella. SOURCES OF DATA: Bibliographic review of the MEDLINE and LILACS databases covering the period 1999 to 2006 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The varicella

Vaccines against dengue: a review of current candidate vaccines at advanced development stages Vacunas contra el dengue: una revisión de las vacunas candidatas en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joachim Hombach

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Los esfuerzos sistemáticos para desarrollar una vacuna contra el dengue comenzaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, inspirados en el desarrollo exitoso de una vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla. Sin embargo, la falta de modelos adecuados de la enfermedad, la información incompleta acerca de los mecanismos patogénicos y los insuficientes incentivos económicos han dificultado los avances. Debido al impacto actual del dengue en todo el mundo y su explosiva diseminación, ha aumentado el interés en el desarrollo de vacunas contra el dengue y se ha avanzado considerablemente en el camino hacia la evaluación clínica de vacunas candidatas. La Iniciativa para la Investigación en Vacunas, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, está facilitando el desarrollo de y los ensayos con las vacunas candidatas. Las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo son de tres tipos fundamentales: 1 vivas atenuadas; 2 vivas recombinantes; y 3 de subunidades e inactivadas. La mayoría de las vacunas en cartera son vivas atenuadas, siguiendo el camino exitoso de otras vacunas vivas contra flavivirus, especialmente de la desarrollada contra la fiebre amarilla. En general, las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo están bastante avanzadas y son muy diversas. Muy pronto comenzará la evaluación de estas vacuna candidatas en ensayos de eficacia basados en poblaciones expuestas, lo que requerirá resolver varios problemas técnicos, operacionales y regulatorios.

Contra-públicos: Arte participativo como manifestación de un espacio público

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Linders, E.H.E.

2016-01-01

Las prácticas de artistas-activistas en el espacio público pueden ser entendidas como generadoras de un contra-público en el sentido de Hirschkind (2006) porque construyen un espacio para la participación política alternativa. El espacio público entonces no se debe entender como algo preexistente,

A violência contra o idoso: dimensão ética e política de uma problemática em ascensão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenilde Duarte de Sá

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A violência contra os idosos é um fenômeno evidente dentro do atual processo de envelhecimento populacional mundial. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o tema da violência contra os idosos, apoiada em artigos científicos publicados. Trata-se de uma atualização, que além de abordar temas principais do assunto, pretende enfatizar como o mesmo é tratado pela atual política de saúde do idoso no Brasil, e também dar um enfoque ético. Percebe-se que a questão da violência contra os idosos é pouco considerada pela sociedade em geral e pelos profissionais de saúde. No Brasil existe uma política de promoção da saúde dos idosos e de prevenção à violência que ainda não está implementada em sua totalidade, e nem de acordo com as singularidades de cada região. Os enfermeiros, mais especificamente, precisam tratar com empatia e resolutividade os casos de violência contra idosos por eles identificados.

Royal Sun Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricomycetes), Supplement in Training Capacity Improvement Parameters.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Flávio F; de Oliveira, Guilherme A C; Costa, Hugo C Martins; Regis, Wiliam C B

2017-01-01

People seek a greater quality of life and healthy aging that culminates in improved self-esteem and vitality in the performance of daily activities; this is generating a growing number of people enrolled in gyms in search of quick results. However, this training can result in physical and metabolic damage. During physical exercise, under conditions of oxidative stress, changes take place that lead to the onset of fatigue. The Agaricus brasiliensis mushroom is native to Brazil and has therapeutic potential, with widely studied antioxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities. However, little is known about its potential benefits regarding muscular strength. Therefore, this study evaluated the possible effects of supplementation with this mushroom with respect to strength performance before and after a resistance training session. A blinded randomized trial was performed with male volunteers (n = 5) randomly divided into 2 groups (placebo and treatment with A. brasiliensis). Perceptions of muscle soreness and performance were assessed before and after high-intensity resistance training sessions. The study was executed over a 24-day period. Promising results were found related to intrasession rapid strength, most likely a result of antioxidant action and redox balance. The bioactive compounds in A. brasiliensis revealed the potential to improve conditions of muscle fatigue without altering other parameters. Thus, this mushroom has become a target of great expectations in the fields of fitness and athletics.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) lectin.

Science.gov (United States)

Carrizo, Maria E; Irazoqui, Fernando J; Lardone, Ricardo D; Nores, Gustavo A; Curtino, Juan A; Capaldi, Stefano; Perduca, Massimiliano; Monaco, Hugo L

2004-04-01

The lectin from the common edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (ABL) belongs to the group of proteins that have the property of binding the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) selectively and with high affinity, but does not show any sequence similarity to the other proteins that share this property. The ABL sequence is instead similar to those of members of the saline-soluble fungal lectins, a protein family with pesticidal properties. The presence of different isoforms has been reported. It has been found that in order to be able to grow diffraction-quality crystals of the lectin, it is essential to separate the isoforms, which was performed by preparative isoelectric focusing. Using standard procedures, it was possible to crystallize the most basic of the forms by either vapour diffusion or equilibrium dialysis, but attempts to grow crystals of the other more acidic forms were unsuccessful. The ABL crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 93.06, b = 98.16, c = 76.38 A, and diffract to a resolution of 2.2 A on a conventional source at room temperature. It is expected that the solution of this structure will yield further valuable information on the differences in the T-antigen-binding folds and will perhaps help to clarify the details of the ligand binding to the protein.

Violência contra a mulher: contribuições e limitações do sistema de informação Violencia contra la mujer: contribuciones y limitaciones del sistema de información Woman abuse: contribuitions and shortcomings of the information system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Okabe

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um breve panorama do sistema de informação em saúde, no monitoramento da violência contra a mulher, analisando em que medida cada fonte de dados pode contribuir para o real dimensionamento do evento e subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão. Neste sentido, o texto apresenta os avanços e contribuições de cada base de dados oficial existente no setor de saúde, bem como as limitações que ainda persistem pela pouca sensibilidade e especificidade destes sistemas no monitoramento da violência contra a mulher. Discute-se também a necessidade de estudos para o aprofundamento da questão e uma política de informação à luz de gênero para análise e intervenção nos determinantes da violência contra a mulher, dada à magnitude e a gravidade do problema, não só para as mulheres, mas para a sociedade como um todo.El artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un breve panorama del sistema de información en salud en la actividad de monitoreo de la violencia contra la mujer, analizando de que forma cada medida y fuente de datos puede contribuir para el real dimensionamiento del evento y subsidiar el proceso de la toma de decisiones. En ese sentido, el texto presenta los avances y contribuciones de cada base de datos oficiales existentes en el sector de la salud, así como las limitaciones que todavía persisten por la poca sensibilidad y especificidad de estos sistemas en el monitoreo de la violencia contra la mujer. Se discute, también, la necesidad de realizar otros estudios para profundizar la cuestión y la elaboración de una política de información relacionada al género, para análisis e intervención en los determinantes de la violencia contra la mujer, dada la magnitud y la gravedad del problema no solo para las mujeres como para la sociedad como un todo.The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the health information system in monitoring woman abuse by analyzing the extent to

Título da página eletrónica: Observatorio de la Violencia de Género contra la Mujer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Moura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O Observatorio de la Violencia de Género contra la Mujer é da responsabilidade da Organização de Mulheres Salvadorenhas (ORMUSA, uma ONG feminista que trabalha, formalmente desde 1985, em prol da igualdade e justiça entre os sexos no país. Dedica‑se à sistematização e divulgação de dados sobre vários tipos de violência contra as mulheres em El Salvador (feminicídios, violência sexual, intrafamiliar e social, baseando‑se nos relatórios da polícia, do instituto de medicina legal e na observaç...

Vacunas terapéuticas recombinantes contra el cáncer del cuello uterino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BERUMEN JAIME

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el desarrollo del cáncer cervicouterino se inducen mecanismos para evadir el sistema inmune, como son la disminución de la expresión de moléculas de antígeno mayor de histocompatibilidad I y la secreción de citocinas por las células tumorales. Como consecuencia de ello, la estimulación de linfocitos T citotóxicos (LTC y cooperadores (TC, de células asesinas naturales (AN y macrófagos es muy deficiente. Para inducir una respuesta inmune efectiva contra el tumor, se requiere la estimulación simultánea de múltiples componentes del sistema inmune: por vía sistémica la estimulación de LTC y TC contra epítopos del virus del papiloma humano, y en un nivel local, la inducción de la secreción de citocinas por el tumor, para aumentar el procesamiento y la presentación de blancos tumorales, así como la estimulación de los linfocitos, AN y macrófagos que infiltran el tumor.

As (contra reformas educacionais e o depauperamento da experiência (Erfahrung na escola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ademir Henrique Manfre

2017-08-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio discorre sobre os estudos realizados no primeiro semestre de 2017 junto à disciplina de “Currículo e Escola” por mim ministrada em um curso de formação de professores. Essa investigação teve como objetivo discutir a temática das (contra reformas educacionais e o processo de depauperamento da experiência (Erfahrung na educação escolar. O delineamento metodológico dessa análise se sustentou na reflexão e problematização de textos indicados pela disciplina, os quais serviram de sustentação teórico-metodológica para o debate proposto. Conceitos-chave da Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt – sociedade administrada, Indústria Cultural, semiformação, emancipação – apoiaram a nossa investigação no sentido de evidenciar o modo como a escola da contemporaneidade necessita pensar uma formação que impeça o conformismo exacerbado. Desse modo, esse ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre o papel da escola, analisando as propostas de (contra reformas educacionais na atualidade.

Legislation on violence against women: overview of key components Legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer: panorama de los elementos fundamentales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaby Ortiz-Barreda

2013-01-01

the key recommended components. Significant limitations were found in the legislative content, its application, and the extent to which it provided women with integrated protection, support, and care. In developing new VAW legislation, policymakers should consider the vital role of health services.El estudio se centró en determinar si la legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer en el mundo contiene los elementos fundamentales que recomiendan la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS y las Naciones Unidas (NU para ayudar a fortalecer la prevención de la violencia contra la mujer y brindar mejor protección, apoyo y atención integrados a las víctimas. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer utilizando bases de datos jurídicas internacionales y otras fuentes electrónicas, además de los datos de investigaciones anteriores, y se identificaron 124 países o territorios con algún tipo de legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer. Se encontraron textos jurídicos completos con legislación de 104 países o territorios. Se descargaron y compilaron aquellos disponibles en inglés, portugués y español, y se sometieron a los criterios de selección (uso de alguno de los términos frecuentes relacionados con la violencia contra la mujer, inclusive la violencia de pareja, y referencia al menos a dos entre seis sectores de servicios [educación, salud, sistema judicial, medios masivos de comunicación, policía y servicios sociales] respecto de las intervenciones relacionadas con la violencia contra la mujer [protección, apoyo y atención]. Se seleccionó una muestra final de 80 países o territorios y se analizó en ella la presencia de los componentes clave recomendados por la OPS y las NU (referencia a la "violencia contra la mujer" en el título; definiciones de diferentes formas de violencia contra la mujer; identificación de las mujeres como beneficiarias; y promoción de [referencia a] la

Fototerapia na doença enxerto contra hospedeiro Phototherapy in the graft versus host disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ida Duarte

2008-10-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: A doença enxerto contra hospedeiro é um dos obstáculos ao sucesso do transplante de medula óssea, e o envolvimento cutâneo é freqüente. A fototerapia é utilizada devido à intensa atividade imunomoduladora local, sendo opção terapêutica adjuvante para as lesões cutâneas resistentes à terapia convencional. OBJETIVO: Realizar análise descritiva do tratamento da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro com fototerapia (Puva ou UVB de faixa estreita. MÉTODOS: Foram atendidos nove pacientes com manifestação cutânea da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda ou crônica. Seis foram tratados com Puva, terapia de primeira escolha, e três com UVB de faixa estreita. As sessões foram realizadas três vezes por semana, e a resposta terapêutica avaliada após 12 sessões. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes com doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda mostraram melhora, com desaparecimento do eritema e do edema. Naqueles com doença crônica, observaram-se involução das lesões liquenóides e melhora da mobilidade daqueles com a forma esclerodermiforme. Dois pacientes apresentaram doença de evolução grave e foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: A fototerapia mostrou-se efetiva no tratamento das manifestações cutâneas da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda e crônica. A Puva permite o controle da doença, podendo a UVB de faixa estreita ser opção para pacientes impossibilitados de usar medicação sistêmica.BACKGROUND: Graft versus host disease is one of the obstacles to successful bone marrow transplantation. It often affects the skin. Phototherapy has been used because of its strong local immunomodulatory activity and it is an option for adjuvant therapy for skin lesions of graft versus host disease resistant to conventional therapy. OBJECTIVE: To make a descriptive analysis of treating graft versus host disease with phototherapy (PUVA or narrowband UVB. Methods - Nine patients with cutaneous manifestation of acute or chronic

La historia sacra del Santísimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos"An iconographic study of the engravings illustrating the work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Calvo Portela, Juan Isaac

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se hace un estudio iconográfico de las dos estampas que ilustran el libro del dominico fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, editado por Luis Sánchez en Madrid en 1626. En dichas estampas se plasman dos aspectos que van a ser fundamentales de la religiosidad contrarreformista española del siglo XVII, la defensa a ultranza de la Eucaristía y la lucha contra la herejía. In this article is made an iconographic study of the two prints that illustrate the book of the Dominican Fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, edited by Luis Sanchez in Madrid in 1626. In these prints are reflected two aspects that are going to be essential on the religiosity Spanish Counterreform of the seventeenth century, the stubborn defense of the Eucharist and the fight against heresy.

The fungistatic activity of organic selenium and its application to the production of cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Savic Milena

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The activity of organic selenium against pathogenic molds and its use as a potential selenium source in the production of enriched mushrooms were examined. The effect of commercial selenized yeast on mycelia growth was examined using a method with mycelia disks and a well diffusion method. For mushroom enrichment, different concentrations of selenium were added to a growth substrate. The results presented in this paper suggest that the most suitable concentration of selenized yeast that inhibits the growth of the mycopathogenic molds is 70-100 mg/kg of selenium. With the addition of this concentration to the substrate, mushroom fruit bodies will uptake a high level of selenium, about 100 μg/g for Pleurotus spp., and 200 μg/g for Agaricus bisporus in dry weight of the mushroom. Thereby a double effect in the cultivation of mushrooms is achieved. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 46010 and br. III46001

Violencia física contra la mujer: una propuesta de abordaje desde un servicio de salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Fernanda Rivadeneira Guerrero

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La violencia física contra la mujer es un problema de salud pública y una necesidad sentida por la comunidad, que exige una respuesta desde los servicios de salud. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un modelo de abordaje a partir del servicio de salud que permita la detección, apoyo y seguimiento de estos casos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación-acción en un servicio de primer nivel de atención. Participaron personal de salud. Inicialmente se realizó un diagnóstico situacional para evaluar: percepción de violencia física contra la mujer, calidad del servicio y organización funcional ante casos de violencia. Se desarrolló un modelo de abordaje para enfrentar este problema a partir de: formación del personal de salud, reorganización funcional del servicio de salud y diseño de herramientas de detección y seguimiento. Se evaluó la intervención a partir de indicadores operativos y evaluación de su impacto a corto plazo. Resultados: Se logró que el personal se capacite y empodere del problema; se introdujeron elementos operativos para la reorganización funcional de la unidad operativa: tamizaje para violencia intrafamiliar, flujograma de atención y hoja de seguimiento. En las tres semanas siguientes a la implementación de estos instrumentos, tres casos de violencia fueron detectados y abordados por el servicio de salud. Discusión y Conclusiones: La metodología de investigación-acción permitió que los actores se empoderen del problema de violencia física contra la mujer, diseñen y apliquen herramientas para abordarlo. Es necesaria una evaluación posterior para determinar su impacto. Cómo citar este artículo: Rivadeneira MF. Violencia física contra la mujer: una propuesta de abordaje desde un servicio de salud. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(2: 1656-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i2.404

Asymmetric Functional Connectivity of the Contra- and Ipsilateral Secondary Somatosensory Cortex during Tactile Object Recognition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yinghua Yu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In the somatosensory system, it is well known that the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (SII receives projections from the unilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI, and the SII, in turn, sends feedback projections to SI. Most neuroimaging studies have clearly shown bilateral SII activation using only unilateral stimulation for both anatomical and functional connectivity across SII subregions. However, no study has unveiled differences in the functional connectivity of the contra- and ipsilateral SII network that relates to frontoparietal areas during tactile object recognition. Therefore, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI and a delayed match-to-sample (DMS task to investigate the contributions of bilateral SII during tactile object recognition. In the fMRI experiment, 14 healthy subjects were presented with tactile angle stimuli on their right index finger and asked to encode three sample stimuli during the encoding phase and one test stimulus during the recognition phase. Then, the subjects indicated whether the angle of test stimulus was presented during the encoding phase. The results showed that contralateral (left SII activity was greater than ipsilateral (right SII activity during the encoding phase, but there was no difference during the recognition phase. A subsequent psycho-physiological interaction (PPI analysis revealed distinct connectivity from the contra- and ipsilateral SII to other regions. The left SII functionally connected to the left SI and right primary and premotor cortex, while the right SII functionally connected to the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC. Our findings suggest that in situations involving unilateral tactile object recognition, contra- and ipsilateral SII will induce an asymmetrical functional connectivity to other brain areas, which may occur by the hand contralateral effect of SII.

Mecanismos efectores del interferón gamma contra la infección por Toxoplasma gondii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Enrique Gómez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Toxoplasma gondiies un protozoario parásito de desarrollo intracelular. La enfermedad humana producida por T: gondii es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal y en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. En esta reseña, se revisan los conocimientos actuales sobre los mecanismos efectores del interferón gamma (IFN y, la principal citocina protectora contra Igondii, incluyendo los resultados que hemos obtenido en un modelo de infección in vifro de células humanas monocitarias (THPI. El IFN y protege las células humanas contra T gondii por mecanismos diferentes a aquéllos con los que protege las células de ratón. En el modelo de infección de célulasTHP1, el IFN y protege por dos mecanismos independientes. Un primer efecto es la reducción del porcentaje de células parasitadas, el cual está ligado a una disminución de la actividad PLA, parasitaria y celular. Se trata de un nuevo mecanismo efector del IFN y contra la infección toxoplásmica, diferente a los mecanismos parasiticidas y parasitostáticos previamente descritos. Un segundo efecto ocurre por interrupción del crecimiento parasitario intracelular a través de la activación de la enzima indoleamina-oxigenasa que degrada el triptófano, lo que constituye un efecto parasitostático. Contrariamente a lo que ocurre en el modelo de infección de células monocitarias de ratón, la producción de óxido nítrico (NO no juega un papel determinante en los monocitos humanos.

Evaluación del Residuo del Cultivo de Agaricus bisporus como Alimento de Vacas Lecheras en Lactancia Media / Evaluation of the Agaricus bisporus Spent Compost as Feed of Dairy Cows in Mid Lactation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Miguel Gómez Urrego

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen. Se evaluó el potencial del residuo del cultivo de la seta Agaricus bisporus como materia prima para la alimentación de vacas lecheras en segundo tercio de lactancia. Para esto, se sustituyó 10% del concentrado comercial por el residuo (sin turba y se evaluó su efecto en la producción, el balance nutricional de las vacas y el costo final del concentrado. El diseño experimental fue un cross-over o de intercambio con medidas repetidas en eltiempo. Cada periodo experimental tuvo una duración de 14 días. Se utilizaron dos grupos de animales, uno con 4 vacas Holstein y otro con 4 vacas cruzadas Holstein x BON. En promedio, las vacas tenían 117 ± 18,6 días en leche, 2,6 ± 0,9 partos, 529,5 ± 52,9 kg peso vivo y una producción de leche/día de 15,42 ± 2,6 L. El tratamiento experimental redujo los nutrientes digeribles totales de la dieta total en 2%. No hubo diferencias estadísticas en el balance nutricional de las vacas a causa del tratamiento experimental. Tampoco hubo diferencia estadística en cuanto a la producción de leche (14,4 L y calidad composicional (% de grasa:3,86; % de proteína: 3,5; relación grasa: proteína: 1,11. El análisis de costos mostró que al incluirse en el concentrado un 10% del residuo de A. bisporus (Champiñosa se obtenía una reducción en los costos de alimentación de $403 pesos colombianos/vaca/día. / Abstract. This study evaluated the potential of the growth bed of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus as a feed for mid lactation dairy cows. We replaced 10% of commercial concentrate with the residue (peat removed and assessed its effect on milk production, nutritional balance of the cows and final cost of the concentrate. The experimental design was a cross-over or change-over with repeated measurements. Each experimental period lasted 14 days. Two groups of animals, one with four Holstein cows and one with four crossbred Holstein x BON cows were used. On average, cows had 117 �

O paraíso não é aqui: a violência contra a mulher emTatiana Salem Levy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Queiroz Dutra

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones de las distintas formas de violencia contra la mujer en la novela Paraíso (2014, de la escritora brasileña Tatiana Salem Levy. Se busca comprender y problematizar la representación del dolor del otro y del posicionamiento de las mujeres frente a situaciones de violencia dentro de la novela. Además, se pretende observar si la representación de la violencia sufrida por los personajes femeninos, tanto en el espacio público como en el doméstico, contribuye a una crítica a la violencia contra la mujer, deconstruyendo estereotipos de sumisión y victimización.

Violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: Revisâo sistemática

OpenAIRE

Alanna de Medeiros Pinheiro Cachina; Ilana Lemos De Paiva; Tatiana De Lucena Torres

2016-01-01

Essa revisâo sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso» e «maus-tratos e idoso», com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicaçôes, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, i...

Violência contra a mulher e a Lei Maria da Penha

OpenAIRE

Ingnácio Duarte, Jozi Rubia; Univesidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina; Duarte Pinheiro, Ana Claudia; UEL; Lobo Muniz, Deborah Lídia; UEL; Brun, Simone; UEL

2009-01-01

O presente artigo tem como objetivo adentrar no campo jurídico da defesa da mulher brasileira, contra a violência dos mais variados tipos que ela vem sofrendo com o passar dos tempos, analisa a legislação vigente bem como as práticas jurídicas em defesa da mulher e o impacto da lei Maria da Penha. This article aims to enter the field of legal defense of Brazilian women, against violence of all kinds which it has suffered over time, analyzes the current legislation and legal practices in fa...

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina Schneider

1994-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una revisión histórica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antigüedad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analogía entre el concepto de causa predominante en la época y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos tenían la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterización de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conocían la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en latín. En la Edad Media, cuando prevalecía un concepto mágico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro próximo. En esa época predominaba la teoría miasmática y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revolución científica en relación al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando también el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la más utilizada en América Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schneider Maria Cristina

1994-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una revisión histórica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antigüedad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analogía entre el concepto de causa predominante en la época y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos tenían la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterización de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conocían la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en latín. En la Edad Media, cuando prevalecía un concepto mágico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro próximo. En esa época predominaba la teoría miasmática y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revolución científica en relación al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando también el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la más utilizada en América Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.

Preparation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Membrane on Porous Polymeric Support via Contra-Diffusion Method

KAUST Repository

Tan, Xiaoyu

2016-01-01

way to
fabricate defect-free and thin ZIF-8 membranes on porous polymeric supports showing high selectivity and high gas permeance. The ZIF-8 layers were produced via a contra-diffusion method. Several polymeric membranes were employed as support

Características y factores de la violencia homicida contra las minorías sexuales en la Ciudad de México, 1995-2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renaud René Boivin

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo aporta datos y elementos de reflexión sobre víctimas, victimarios y circunstancias de los homicidios cometidos contra minorías sexuales en México D.F. desde mediados de los años 1990. Tras un análisis descriptivo de los mismos, se evocan los principales factores y contextos en los cuales se desencadena la violencia homicida contra personas lesbianas, bisexuales, transexuales, travestis, gays y otros hombres que tienen relaciones sexo-afectivas con varones. En buena medida, estos homicidios están vinculados con los modos de socialización de los varones y con la violencia de género que se ejerce entre ellos, más que con el sentimiento homofóbico de los victimarios. No es sino de forma indirecta que dichos asesinatos son producidos por la discriminación y el estigma contra las minorías sexuales.

Prevalência da violência contra o idoso no Brasil: revisão analítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inayara Oliveira de Santana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo consiste en una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre la prevalencia de la violencia contra ancianos en el contexto brasileño. Para esto, se realizó un recuento bibliográfico, por medio de estrategia de búsqueda de artículos publicados en las bases de datos LILACS, Periódicos CAPES, PubMed e PsycINFO, entre los años de 2008 y 2013. Se utilizaron los términos “Epidemiology”, “Prevalence” y “Frequency” combinados con “Elder abuse”. De los 2359 artículos recuperados, 06 cumplieron con los criterios de selección establecidos. Los tipos de violencia más prevalentes fueron psicológica, física y robo. En el ámbito regional, las estimativas oscilaron. Se verifica la necesidad de desarrollar más investigaciones sobre la prevalencia de la violencia contra ancianos en ámbito nacional y regional.

Condena judicial contra el ex Presidente Alberto Fujimori: mensaje contra la impunidad y nuevo capítulo en la historia del Perú contemporáneo

OpenAIRE

David Lovatón Palacios

2010-01-01

El artículo analiza desde la perspectiva del derecho de los derechos humanos y desde la posición singular de un abogado que pertenece a una de las organizaciones de derechos humanos que participó representando a "la parte civil" (las víctimas), el proceso judicial seguido en contra de Alberto Fujimori. La mirada de este trabajo es, por sobre todo, la de un testigo de un proceso judicial ejemplar que duró 16 meses que da cuenta de la perseverancia de los familiares de las víctimas, del desempe...

Allocentric and contra-aligned spatial representations of a town environment in blind people.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiesa, Silvia; Schmidt, Susanna; Tinti, Carla; Cornoldi, Cesare

2017-10-01

Evidence concerning the representation of space by blind individuals is still unclear, as sometimes blind people behave like sighted people do, while other times they present difficulties. A better understanding of blind people's difficulties, especially with reference to the strategies used to form the representation of the environment, may help to enhance knowledge of the consequences of the absence of vision. The present study examined the representation of the locations of landmarks of a real town by using pointing tasks that entailed either allocentric points of reference with mental rotations of different degrees, or contra-aligned representations. Results showed that, in general, people met difficulties when they had to point from a different perspective to aligned landmarks or from the original perspective to contra-aligned landmarks, but this difficulty was particularly evident for the blind. The examination of the strategies adopted to perform the tasks showed that only a small group of blind participants used a survey strategy and that this group had a better performance with respect to people who adopted route or verbal strategies. Implications for the comprehension of the consequences on spatial cognition of the absence of visual experience are discussed, focusing in particular on conceivable interventions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El final de ETA: ¿lucha contra el terrorismo o resolución de conflicto?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier I. García

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza la dinámica y la naturaleza del nuevo proceso de paz puesto en marcha entre la banda terrorista ETA y el Gobierno del presidente Rodríguez Zapatero. Un nuevo esfuerzo por acabar con la violencia de ETA caracterizado por la “indefinición” de su naturaleza, en el que se intentan hacer compatibles dos aproximaciones radicalmente opuestas: la visión desde la perspectiva de la lucha contra el terrorismo y la concepción del proceso como resolución de conflictos. Desarrollar un proceso de paz con ETA sobre la base de la resolución de conflictos y mantener una política de lucha contra el terrorismo resulta conceptualmente incompatible. Igualmente, la imposibilidad del gobierno español, respetando los límites del Estado de Derecho vigente, de aceptar las implicaciones y consecuencias que supone la búsqueda del fin del terrorismo con las reglas y los procedimientos propios de un proceso de resolución de conflictos, convierten a esta estrategia en inviable.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra HTLV-1 en una población negra de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María C. Navas

1995-03-01

Full Text Available El virus linfotrópico humano 1 (HTLV-1 ha sido asociado con la leucemia de células T del adulto (ATL y la paraparesia espástica tropical (PET o mielopatía asociada con HTLV-1 (HAM. Aunque la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el HTLV-1 ha sido descrita en diversos países, especialmente en Japón, poco se conoce acerca de este marcador de contacto viral en nuestra población. En este artículo describimos la ausencia de niveles de anticuerpos anti-HTLV-1 en el suero, medidos por la prueba de ELISA, en una población negra de la costa atlántica de Colombia. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que: a este grupo descendiente de África no se ha expuesto al virus; b puede ser que algunos de los individuos incluidos en el estudio estén en período de incubación y, que debido a su juventud, no fue posible demostrar una respuesta humoral contra el virus; y, c como ha sido descrito en otros estudios, la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-HTLV- 1 varía entre las diferentes regiones de Colombia.

Análisis, sistematización y elaboración de propuestas de mejora en el tratamiento de casos de violencia contra la mujer en aplicación de las normas del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal

OpenAIRE

Pita Chávez, Julia Mercedes

2014-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el examen de la aplicación de las normas del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal desde una perspectiva de género como respuesta a los requerimientos propios de la mujeres víctimas de delitos de violencia de género, específicamente: 1) los delitos contra la salud integral (lesiones graves y leves), 2) delitos contra la libertad sexual (violación sexual de mujeres mayores de edad), 3) delitos contra la indemnidad sexual (violación sexual de menores y actos contra el pudo...

Electric power production contra electricity savings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schleisner, L.; Grohnheit, P.E.; Soerensen, H.

1991-01-01

The expansion of electricity-producing plants has, in Denmark until now, taken place in accordance with the demand for electricity. Recently, it has been suggested that the cost of the further development of such systems is greater than the cost of instigating and carrying out energy conservation efforts. The aim of the project was to evaluate the consequences for power producing plants of a reduction of the electricity consumption of end-users. A method for the analysis of the costs involved in the system and operation of power plants contra the costs that are involved in saving electricity is presented. In developing a model of this kind, consideration is given to the interplay of the individual saving project and the existing or future electricity supply. Thus it can be evaluated to what extent it would be advisable to substitute investments in the development of the capacity of the power plants with investments in the reduction of electricity consumption by the end users. This model is described in considerable detail. It will be tested in representative situations and locations throughout the Nordic countries. (AB) 17 refs

Caracterización química y propiedades bioactivas de hongos silvestres portugeses comestibles

OpenAIRE

Barros, Lillian Bouçada de

2008-01-01

Nineteen different mushroom species (Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricusromagnesii, Agaricus silvaticus, Agaricus silvicola, Cantharellus cibarius, Hypholomafasciculare, Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius piperatus, Lepista nuda, Leucopaxillusgiganteus, Lycoperdon molle, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota mastoidea,Macrolepiota procera, Ramaria botrytis, Sarcodon imbricatus, Tricholoma acerbum and Tricholoma portentosum) from Northeast of Portugal, one of the European regions with high...

Gender differences in homicide in Contra Costa County, California: 1982-1993.

Science.gov (United States)

Pratt, C; Deosaransingh, K

1997-01-01

Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death for women in the United States. However, few studies have examined the circumstances specific to female homicide. This study examines gender differences in circumstances surrounding homicides in Contra Costa County for a 12-year period. Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data for Contra Costa County from 1982 through 1993 were analyzed. Variables examined were gender of the victim, victim-offender relationship, age of victim, weapon used, location of homicide, precipitating circumstances, and gender of the offender. Forty-six percent of the women were killed by their spouse, other family member, or intimate partner, compared to only 11.4% of men. In contrast, men were more likely to be killed by a stranger than women (17.9% versus 10.9%, P = .02). A higher percentage of women than men were killed with a blunt object, a personal weapon (i.e., fists, feet, and teeth), or other weapon (24.9% versus 10.6%, p < .01), and in a residence (60.1% versus 34.8%, P < .001). Men were more likely than women to be killed by a firearm, in a public place (i.e., a parking lot or street), and while a felony was being committed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that many female homicides may be the result of domestic violence, belying the myth that the principal perpetrators of homicides against women are strangers. The differences between female and male homicides indicate that gender-specific prevention strategies need to be pursued.

Cloning of a chitinase gene from Ewingella americana, a pathogen of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.W. Inglis

2000-09-01

Full Text Available We have isolated a gene encoding a chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 from Ewingella americana, a recently described pathogen of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. This gene, designated chiA (EMBL/Genbank/DDBJ accession number X90562, was cloned by expression screening of a plasmid-based E. americana HindIII genomic library in Escherichia coli using remazol brilliant violet-stained carboxymethylated chitin incorporated into selective medium. The chiA gene has a 918-bp ORF, terminated by a TAA codon, with a calculated polypeptide size of 33.2 kDa, likely corresponding to a previously purified and characterised 33-kDa endochitinase from E. americana. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 33% identity with chitinase II from Aeromonas sp. No. 10S-24 and 7.8% identity with a chitinase from Saccharopolyspora erythraeus. Homology to other chitinase sequences was otherwise low. The peptide sequence deduced from chiA lacks a typical N-terminal signal sequence and also lacks the chitin binding and type III fibronectin homology units common to many bacterial chitinases. The possibility that this chitinase is not primarily adapted for the environmental mineralisation of pre-formed chitin, but rather for the breakdown of nascent chitin, is discussed in the context of mushroom disease.O gene que codifica uma quitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 foi isolado de Ewingella americana, recentemente descrita como patógeno do cogumelo Agaricus bisporus. Este gene, denominado chiA (EMBL/Genebank/DDBJ número de acesso X9061, foi clonado e selecionado a partir de livraria genômica construída por digestão do DNA de E. americana com HindIII e ligação em plasmídio de expressão em E. coli, utilizando meio seletivo contendo quitina carboximetilada, corada com "remazol brilliant violet'' para seleção de clones. O gene chiA apresenta uma ORF de 918 bp, código terminador TAA, tendo o tamanho do polipeptídeo sido calculado como 33,2 kDa, o qual corresponde ao tamanho de 33 kDa da endoquitinase

Progress in the eradication of violence against women Adelantos en la erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1998-03-01

Full Text Available En las dos últimas décadas se ha reconocido en varios foros internacionales que la violencia contra la mujer constituye una violación de los derechos humanos merecedora de mayor atención y de medidas más enérgicas. Motivados por iniciativas internacionales en torno al problema --entre ellas las expresadas en las sexta y séptima conferencias de Esposas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de las Américas (1996 y 1997-- muchos países de la Región están tomando medidas para prevenir la violencia cuyo origen radica en el sexo del individuo y para ayudar a sus víctimas. Entre estas iniciativas figuran actividades de alcance nacional, como el fortalecimiento de las pautas y políticas legales en torno a la violencia contra la mujer, y también actividades de carácter comunitario, tales como la creación de redes de acción en el seno de la comunidad. En este informe se examinan brevemente algunas de las medidas que los países han adoptado a fin de eliminar las actitudes y comportamientos que obstaculizan la erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer.

LA PASIÓN DE LA CRUELDAD. EL PAPA FRANCISCO CONTRA LA PENA DE MUERTE - THE PASSION OF CRUELTY. POPE FRANCIS AGAINST DEATH PENALTY

OpenAIRE

Arroyo Zapatero, Luis; Papa Francisco; Carlés, Roberto Manuel; Mayor Zaragoza, Federico; Cuesta de la, José Luis

2016-01-01

El 20 de marzo de 2015 el Papa Francisco recibió en audiencia privada al presidente de la Comisión Internacional contra la Pena de Muerte Federico Mayor Zaragoza, a quien acompañaron la Secretaria General, Asunta Vivó y los profesores Roberto Carlés y Luis Arroyo Zapatero, fundadores de la Red Académica Internacional contra la Pena de muerte y, respectivamente, Secretario General de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Derecho penal y Criminología el primero y presidente de la Société Internat...

Evaluación de un programa de lucha contra la pobreza extrema en México desde una perspectiva cualitativa y microsociológica

OpenAIRE

Jorge Arzate Salgado

2006-01-01

El fenómeno de la pobreza es hoy en día un gran problema para América Latina, ante lo cual los gobiernos han venido desarrollando diversas alternativas de política social para tratar de reducir sus efectos. Por tanto, es necesario plantear alternativas metodológicas para evaluar el funcionamiento y efectos de los programas de lucha contra la pobreza. En este sentido, el artículo presenta una experiencia de evaluación de un programa de lucha contra pobreza extrema desde una perspectiva cualita...

Lecciones de El Lado Tenebroso: las moralejas de la historia de la guerra de EE.UU. contra el terrorismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Cervenak

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El gobierno del Presidente Bush justificó las múltiples violaciones a la Constitución de EE.UU., los principios fundamentales de gobierno del país, y las disposiciones de los tratados internacionales, aduciendo que tales transgresiones eran necesarias debido a la guerra contra el terrorismo. En el libro The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals [El Lado Tenebroso: los Entretelones de la Transformación de la Guerra contra el Terrorismo en una Guerra contra los Ideales Estadounidenses], su autora, Jane Mayer, demuestra claramente cómo la combinación nefasta del débil liderazgo del Presidente George W. Bush, junto con el celo e inclinación por el secreto del Vicepresidente Richard Cheney, erosionaron el tejido legal y las políticas de Estados Unidos que protegen los derechos fundamentales. El presente artículo se basa en el trabajo de Mayer para explicar cómo los funcionarios estadounidenses crearon un torcido marco legal y de políticas públicas, la forma en que se descubrieron los actos frecuentemente ilegales en que incurrieron y las lecciones que de ello pueden extraerse para América Latina.

La guerra contra el terrorismo y el estado de derecho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Owen M. Fiss

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La guerra contra el terrorismo -expresión política que se ha empleado para movilizar a la sociedad estadounidense hacia sucesivas guerras después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre- ha tenido consecuencias especialmente gravosas para Estados Unidos, pero muy especialmente para la Constitución y el imperio del derecho. En este artículo se revisan las políticas y prácticas que han puesto en entredicho el imperio del derecho en temas tan vitales y sensibles como la prohibición de la tortura, la privacidad de las comunicaciones entre privados, el debido proceso y las garantías procesales.

O agente comunitário de saúde e a violência contra a mulher DOI:10.5007/1807-0221.2011v8n12p69

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leide Sayuri Ogasawara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A violência é o uso intencional de força física ou do poder, real ou em ameaça, contra si próprio, contra outra pessoa ou contra um grupo ou uma comunidade e que resulte ou tenha possibilidade de resultar em lesão, morte, dano psicológico, deficiência de desenvolvimento ou privação. A violência, nos seus vários tipos (doméstica, sexual, física e psicológica, já é considerada uma endemia que afeta a saúde individual e coletiva. A Casa da Mulher Catarina, projeto de extensão do Departamento de Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, atuou em 2010 na disseminação do conhecimento sobre a violência contra a mulher. Realizou capacitação para 174 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACSs das Unidades de Saúde de São José/SC, com o objetivo de sensibilizá-los sobre a violência. Ao final, avaliaram-se as atividades com perguntas sobre a violência, as quais foram aprovadas pelo Comitê de Ética da UFSC/CEPSH, sob o número 790/2010. A maioria, 72%, respondeu que às vezes a mulher é tratada com respeito no Brasil; 22% responderam que a mulher não é respeitada, 4% responderam que a mulher é tratada com respeito; e 2% não responderam. O ambiente apontado como sendo o de maior desrespeito foi a sociedade (38%, seguido do familiar (35%, do local de trabalho (25%, e (2% não responderam e/ou responderam ser em outros locais. Os ACSs mostraram desconhecimento do assunto e interesse por ele. Acredita-se que a capacitação atingiu as expectativas, e que agora os agentes saibam identificar a violência contra a mulher na sua comunidade e sejam multiplicadores das ações contra a violência.

Effects of Some Beneficial Bacteria in Casing Soil on Growth and Yield of Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mehmet Çetin

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This research was carried out to determine the interaction between some bacteria naturally existing in casing soil and Agaricus bisporus (Sylvan Hauser A15 hypha in laboratory (in vitro and cultivation (in vivo conditions, and to confirm its effects on mushroom yield. Totally 32 bacteria (3 Gram (+ and 29 Fluorescent Pseudomonads was isolated from casing soil and healthy sporophores. As a result of in vitro experiment carried out to determine the effects of bacteria on mycelium growth of A. bisporus, 24 bacterial isolates were found more effective at the rate of 2 to 115% than control treatment. To determine the effects of bacterium, chosen at the end of in vitro experiments, on mushroom yield in cultivation conditions, three experiments were established in March, May and July in 2008. At the end of experiments, bacterial isolates provided 8 – 40 % increase in total yield. Population density and change in population number related to time was observed during growing period, after the inoculation of bacterial isolates into casing soil. According to the results, Pseudomonas fluorescens (T 4/2 and Ş 8, P.putida (Ş 2/1 and Ş 10 and Bacillus mycoides (T 7/2 bacterial isolates were colonized successfully both in casing soil and sporophores.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER POR PARCEIRO ÍNTIMO: (IN VISIBILIDADE DO PROBLEMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniele Ferreira Acosta

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las razones que llevan a la violencia contra la mujer y describir los actos perpetrados por su pareja. Investigación documental, cualitativa realizada en el Servicio de Policía Especializada en Atención a Mujeres. Se analizaron 902 informes registrados entre Agosto/2009 y Diciembre/2011, cuyas víctimas tenían al menos dieciocho años. Se recolectaron los datos de las ocurrencias, describiendo literalmente, las historias de las víctimas y su tratamiento fue a través del análisis de contenido. Fue identificados como factores desencadenantes de la violencia: la supremacía masculina como generadora de sufrimiento y sumisión, los problemas derivados del uso de drogas, los problemas relacionados con los niños y la división de los bienes. La gravedad fue escalada por las consecuencias a la víctima y su familia. El personal de enfermería como parte de la red de apoyo, debe entender este fenómeno como un problema de salud y esforzarse por romper las barreras que impidan el servicio eficaz y eficiente, auxiliando en el fortalecimiento de la autonomía de las mujeres, incluyendo a los hombres en acciones de combate y prevención de la violencia contra las mujeres.

Agaricus brasiliensis (sun mushroom) affects the expression of genes related to cholesterol homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

de Miranda, Aline Mayrink; Rossoni Júnior, Joamyr Victor; Souza E Silva, Lorena; Dos Santos, Rinaldo Cardoso; Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio; Pedrosa, Maria Lúcia

2017-06-01

The sun mushroom (Agaricus brasiliensis) is considered a major source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Mushrooms typically act as lipid-lowering agents; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of A. brasiliensis in biological systems. This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism involved in the cholesterol-lowering effect of A. brasiliensis through the assessment of fecal and serum lipid profiles in addition to gene expression analysis of specific transcription factors, enzymes, and transporters involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Twenty-four albino Fischer rats approximately 90 days old, with an average weight of 205 g, were divided into four groups of 6 each and fed a standard AIN-93 M diet (C), hypercholesterolemic diet (H), hypercholesterolemic diet +1 % A. brasiliensis (HAb), or hypercholesterolemic diet +0.008 % simvastatin (HS) for 6 weeks. Simvastatin was used as a positive control, as it is a typical drug prescribed for lipid disorders. Subsequently, blood, liver, and feces samples were collected for lipid profile and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression analyses. Diet supplementation with A. brasiliensis significantly improved serum lipid profiles, comparable to the effect observed for simvastatin. In addition, A. brasiliensis dietary supplementation markedly promoted fecal cholesterol excretion. Increased expression of 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G-transporters (ABCG5/G8), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was observed following A. brasiliensis administration. Our results suggest that consumption of A. brasiliensis improves the serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats by modulating the expression of key genes involved in hepatic cholesterol metabolism.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction to obtain mycosterols from Agaricus bisporus L. by response surface methodology and comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Heleno, Sandrina A; Diz, Patrícia; Prieto, M A; Barros, Lillian; Rodrigues, Alírio; Barreiro, Maria Filomena; Ferreira, Isabel C F R

2016-04-15

Ergosterol, a molecule with high commercial value, is the most abundant mycosterol in Agaricus bisporus L. To replace common conventional extraction techniques (e.g. Soxhlet), the present study reports the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for ergosterol. After preliminary tests, the results showed that solvents, time and ultrasound power altered the extraction efficiency. Using response surface methodology, models were developed to investigate the favourable experimental conditions that maximize the extraction efficiency. All statistical criteria demonstrated the validity of the proposed models. Overall, ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol at 375 W during 15 min proved to be as efficient as the Soxhlet extraction, yielding 671.5 ± 0.5mg ergosterol/100 g dw. However, with n-hexane extracts with higher purity (mg ergosterol/g extract) were obtained. Finally, it was proposed for the removal of the saponification step, which simplifies the extraction process and makes it more feasible for its industrial transference. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La violencia contra mujeres brasileñas en las esferas pública y mediática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo indaga sobre la capacidad que tienen los medios de comunicación para incorporar controversias que circulan en la esfera pública. Para eso, se basa en el análisis de un conjunto de 607 relatos periodísticos sobre violencias contra mujeres en contextos de relaciones de género y de proximidad, recolectados en nueve medios brasileños durante los años 2013 y 2014. Reconocido como uno de los países con más altos índices de violencia contra las mujeres, Brasil aprobó en las últimas décadas leyes destinadas a proteger a las víctimas y a agravar las condenas de los agresores, procesos que resultaron de intensos debates promovidos por feministas, investigadores y otros actores sociales comprometidos con la defensa de los derechos humanos. Los relatos recolectados fueron publicados en los años inmediatamente anteriores a la promulgación de la Ley del Feminicidio, en 2015. Abordados a través de una combinación de metodologías, como análisis de contenido y análisis de narrativa, los relatos periodísticos muestran a los medios todavía poco permeables al entendimiento de las violencias contra mujeres como resultado de relaciones de género, prevaleciendo enfoques de crímenes rutinarios y/o fútiles. Por lo tanto, el análisis hace posible percibir que los medios de comunicación están algunos pasos detrás de las acciones y debates que se dan en espacios académicos, por movimientos feministas y otros actores sociales que en Brasil se ocupan de este problema, elevándolo a la dimensión de controversia.

Violência contra mulheres rurais: gênero e ações de saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Cocco da Costa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analisar, a partir da categoria analítica de gênero, as dimensões que a violência contra mulheres rurais assume nas concepções de gestores, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde de municípios da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 56 participantes, constituídos de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde que atuam em áreas rurais. A geração de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada. Foi utilizada análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Observou-se o poder e a autoridade do homem como provedor e chefe da casa. A mulher rural é vista sob a ótica da relação de serviço, subordinação e obediência. A presença dos preconceitos e das desigualdades concretas de gênero estimula as práticas discriminatórias, justifica a violência doméstica e limita os direitos das mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que para a maioria dos entrevistados a violência contra as mulheres rurais é naturalizada, tornando-se uma problemática de difícil inserção no campo da saúde.

Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa de intervención para la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes adictos en tratamiento

OpenAIRE

Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso

2016-01-01

Esta tesis es un trabajo empírico en el que se evalúa la eficacia de un programa de intervención para la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes adictos en tratamiento. En la parte teórica se realiza una revisión de los conceptos relacionados con la violencia contra la pareja en personas adictas a drogas. Empezando por conceptos relacionados con la violencia en la pareja, se describen aspectos relacionados con el perfil de la persona agresora en la pareja. A continuación se descri...

Selected wild strains of Agaricus bisporus produce high yields of mushrooms at 25°C.

Science.gov (United States)

Navarro, Pilar; Savoie, Jean-Michel

2015-01-01

To cultivate the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus in warm countries or during summer in temperate countries, while saving energy, is a challenge that could be addressed by using the biological diversity of the species. The objective was to evaluate the yield potential of eight wild strains previously selected in small scale experiments for their ability to produce mature fruiting bodies at 25°C and above. Culture units of 8 kg of compost were used. The yield expressed as weight or number per surface unit and earliness of fruiting were recorded during cultivation in climatic rooms at 17, 25 or 30°C. Only strains of A. bisporus var. burnettii were able to fruit at 30°C. At 25°C they produced the highest yields (27 kg m(-2)) and had best earliness. The yields at 25°C for the strains of A. bisporus var. bisporus ranged from 12 to 16 kg m(-2). The yield ratios 25°C/17°C ranged from 0.8 to 1.2. The variety burnettii originated in the Sonoran Desert in California showed adaptation for quickly producing fruiting bodies at high temperature when humidity conditions were favorable. Strains of the variety bisporus showed interesting potentials for their ability to produce mature fruiting bodies at higher temperature than present cultivars and might be used in breeding programs. Copyright © 2012 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the infection process by Lecanicillium fungicola in Agaricus bisporus by scanning electron microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Santana Nunes, Janaira; Rocha de Brito, Manuela; Cunha Zied, Diego; Aparecida das Graças Leite, Eloisa; Souza Dias, Eustáquio; Alves, Eduardo

Lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in Agaricus bisporus mushrooms leading to significant economic losses in commercial production. To monitor the infection process of L. fungicola in Brazilian strains of A. bisporus. The interaction between the mycelium of L. fungicola (LF.1) and three strains of A. bisporus (ABI 7, ABI 11/14 and ABI 11/21) was studied. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalyses of vegetative growth and basidiocarp infection were evaluated. Micrographs show that the vegetative mycelium of the Brazilian strains of A. bisporus is not infected by the parasite. The images show that the pathogen can interlace the hyphae of A. bisporus without causing damage, which contributes to the presence of L. fungicola during the substrate colonization, allowing their presence during primordial formation of A. bisporus. In the basidiocarp, germ tubes form within 16h of infection with L. fungicola and the beginning of penetration takes place within 18h, both without the formation of specialized structures. Scanning electron microscopy enabled the process of colonization and reproduction to be observed within the formation of phialides, conidiophores and verticils of L. fungicola. The formation of calcium oxalate crystals by the pathogen was also visible using the X-ray microanalysis, both at the hyphae in the Petri plate and at basidiocarp infection site. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Española de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Impacto laboral de la violencia contra las mujeres en el Municipio de San Ignacio de Velasco, Santa Cruz-Bolivia, año 2014

OpenAIRE

Saucedo Tapanache, Marlies

2016-01-01

Bolivia es uno de los países cuyo índice de violencia contra las mujeres y la tasa de feminicidio son los más altos de Latinoamérica. Según datos de la "Fuerza especial de la lucha Contra la Violencia" dichas estadísticas han aumentado para el año 2014. Detrás de cada mujer violentada o asesinada no solo se esconde una historia de sufrimiento, también acarrea consecuencias para quienes las rodean, como el centro donde laboran, sean estos públicos o privados. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto la...

Contração de Lorentz, lei de Gauss e lei de Ampère

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortiz Olivia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Mostramos como obter a expressão para a contração de Lorentz dos comprimentos, a partir das leis de Gauss e Ampère, sem qualquer conhecimento da teoria da relatividade especial de Einstein. Mostramos em seguida que tal resultado é consistente com a transformação relativística dos campos elétrico e magnético.

Estudo comparativo da capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico em atletas de voleibol e basquetebol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariana Oliveira Reis

2011-04-01

Full Text Available As modalidades esportivas de alto impacto podem produzir um aumento exagerado e frequente na pressão intra-abdominal, um dos fatores desencadeadores da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE em atletas. Foi realizado um estudo com 20 atletas, sendo 10 de basquetebol e 10 de voleibol, do tipo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e comparativo, no qual foi comparada a capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico (AP entre atletas de voleibol e basquetebol, e então correlacionadas com sintomas de IUE. A avaliação das atletas foi composta por um questionário, a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA e avaliação da capacidade de contração do AP através do Biofeedback Eletromiográfico Fênix®. Após a avaliação, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante com relação à capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico entre atletas de basquetebol e voleibol; porém, ambas as modalidades apresentaram atletas com relatos de perda involuntária de urina mediante esforço físico, com maior proporção no grupo de atletas de basquetebol.

La influencia de las redes de políticas públicas en el proceso de implementación del Programa Nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual como política de control para la reducción de la violencia contra la mujer aplicada por el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables durante el período 2001-2014

OpenAIRE

Véliz Valladolid, Laura Liliana

2016-01-01

El propósito del presente estudio es investigar desde el punto de vista de la Ciencia Política cómo las redes de políticas públicas han intervenido en el proceso de implementación del Programa Nacional contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual como política de control aplicada por el Estado para la lucha contra la violencia hacia la mujer. Tesis

Anticorpos contra vírus de galinha em cracídeos Detection of antibodies against commercial poultry viruses in cracids

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helton Fernandes dos Santos

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Os cracídeos são Galliformes silvestres das Américas. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença de anticorpos contra vírus de galinhas em cracídeos, foram coletadas 51 amostras de soro de 10 diferentes espécies dessas aves. Esses animais eram mantidos em criatórios conservacionistas e zoológicos nos Municípios de Santa Maria, Soledade, Passo Fundo, Sapucaia, Gravataí, Viamão e Três Coroas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Anticorpos neutralizantes foram detectados em 5,9% (3/51 do total de amostras testadas contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas, 15,7% (8/51 contra o reovírus aviário e 35,3% (18/51 contra o vírus da doença infecciosa da bolsa. Todas as amostras foram negativas para o vírus da bouba aviária no teste de IDGA. A detecção de anticorpos para vírus de aves comerciais sugere que os cracídeos podem ser susceptíveis à infecção por esses vírus.The cracids are wild Galliformes native from the Americas. Fifty one serum samples were collected from individuals of 10 different species of cracids in order to obtain information regarding to the antibody status of different viruses. These birds were kept in shelters and zoos localized in Santa Maria, Soledade, Passo Fundo, Sapucaia, Gravataí, Viamão and Três Coroas counties, in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in the individuals serum from different species specific referring to infectious bronchitis virus in 5.9% (3/51 of the samples, to avian reovirus in 15.7% (8/51 and, to infectious bursal disease virus in 35.3% (18/51. All samples were negative for fowlpox virus, as measured by IDGA test. The detection of commercial poultry viruses antibodies suggests that cracids could be susceptible to infection by those viruses.

Provada amb èxit en cabres una nova vacuna contra la tuberculosi

OpenAIRE

Pérez del Val, Bernat

2014-01-01

Investigadors del CReSA proven per primer cop i amb èxit una nova vacuna contra la tuberculosi que millora la protecció de l’única vacuna existent en l’actualitat, l’eficàcia de la qual és força limitada. Els estudis s’han realitzat emprant cabres domèstiques, que reprodueixen amb elevada similitud les característiques patològiques i la resposta immunològica a la infecció tuberculosa activa en humans i que, pel fet de ser hostes naturals de la tuberculosi, també permeten estudiar l’ús potenci...

Luchando infructuosamente contra la hidra: un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortiz Carlos Humberto

2002-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico que incorpora los riesgos de esta actividad. El modelo contribuye a explicar dos características notables del narcotráfico: la generación de ganancias extraordinarias y la gran capacidad de reproducción en condiciones de prohibición y represión. El modelo genera una relación directa entre la represión a la oferta –la estrategia
dominante de lucha contra el narcotráfico– y las características mencionadas.

Estado imune contra o vírus vacinal (17D da febre amarela em duas populações do Estado da Bahia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos-Torres Sandro

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A ocorrência de casos de febre amarela (FA e a ampla distribuição do A. aegypti no Brasil, motivou o estudo da estimativa da proteção imune contra o vírus amarílico vacinal (17D em moradores de duas cidades do Estado da Bahia, Ipupiara (n = 461 e Prado (n = 228. Nesta área não-endêmica de FA, a pesquisa de anticorpos séricos contra o 17D (Ac17D e contra 18 outros arbovírus, foi realizada pelo método da inibição da hemaglutinação (IH. Somente 1,2% (8/689 dos indivíduos apresentaram Ac17D, sendo seis com resposta monotípica. A resposta sorológica do tipo heterotípica para Flavivírus (FLV foi interpretada também como associada à resposta imune ao 17D, sendo mais freqüente em Prado (30,3% do que em Ipupiara (23,2%. A idade > ou = 50 anos e moradia em outros Estados foram associadas com a soropositividade para FLV, do mesmo modo que a história de vacinação (17D. Mas, a história de vacinação apresentou baixos percentuais de sensibilidade (£ 45,4% e de valor preditivo-positivo ( ou = 70,8% e do valor preditivo-negativo ( > ou = 78,8%. Em conclusão, foi baixa a freqüência (1,2% de moradores com Ac17D, apesar da freqüência maior (25,5% de portadores de anticorpos FLV, o que significa que 26,7% da população estudada pode apresentar proteção contra o vírus da FA.

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis QST713: a biocontrol agent that protects Agaricus bisporus crops against the green mould disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Pandin, Caroline; Le Coq, Dominique; Deschamps, Julien; Védie, Régis; Rousseau, Thierry; Aymerich, Stéphane; Briandet, Romain

2018-04-24

Bacillus subtilis QST713 is extensively used as a biological control agent in agricultural fields including in the button mushroom culture, Agaricus bisporus. This last use exploits its inhibitory activity against microbial pathogens such as Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum, the main button mushroom green mould competitor. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium with a genome size of 4 233 757 bp, 4263 predicted genes and an average GC content of 45.9%. Based on phylogenomic analyses, strain QST713 is finally designated as Bacillus velezensis. Genomic analyses revealed two clusters encoding potential new antimicrobials with NRPS and TransATPKS synthetase. B. velezensis QST713 genome also harbours several genes previously described as being involved in surface colonization and biofilm formation. This strain shows a strong ability to form in vitro spatially organized biofilm and to antagonize T. aggressivum. The availability of this genome sequence could bring new elements to understand the interactions with micro or/and macroorganisms in crops. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

La embestida conservadora contra el derecho social a la educación pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Telésforo Nava Vázquez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La ofensiva contra la educación pública forma parte del cambio de época que la reforma conservadora, desde1983, ha impuesto en nuestro país, con el objetivo estratégico de cambiar las relaciones sociales entre el capital y el trabajo, para lo cual ha desmantelado los contratos colectivos de trabajo y, sobre todo, reduce y privatiza los derechos sociales plasmados en la Constitución de 1917.

NO WORD MOVIE: CHANTAL AKERMAN Y EL SILENCIO COMO CONTRA-ARCHIVO DE SENTIMIENTOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Macón

2018-01-01

Full Text Available ¿Qué significa el silencio? ¿Cuáles son los desafíos a los que se enfrentan las personas que deciden no hablar sobre su pasado traumático? ¿Esta decisión implica una actitud escéptica? Se trata de preguntas que suelen hacerse historiadores y cientistas sociales a la hora de dar cuenta de la experiencia de testigos que se niegan a hablar del pasado traumático del que han sido protagonistas. La última película de Chantal Akerman, No Home Movie (2014, se presenta justamente como una indagación alrededor de este tema. En el marco del relato de los días previos a la muerte de la madre de la directora se da cuenta de su negativa a hablar de su experiencia como prisionera en Auschwitz. Este artículo se centra en indagar en el modo en que las estrategias estéticas de Akerman implican la constitución de la memoria como un contra-archivo de sentimientos. Las operaciones retóricas aquí analizadas implican un modo de pensar el silencio sobre el trauma con una espesura afectiva particular: el silencio, ya no como puro vacío, sino como resultado de la colisión de afectos supuestamente incompatibles en tanto marca del trauma, destinado a la constitución de tal contra-archivo.

A violência contra o idoso: dimensão ética e política de uma problemática em ascensão

OpenAIRE

Lenilde Duarte de Sá; Maria de Oliveira Ferreira Filha; Márcia Virgínia Di Lorenzo Florêncio

2007-01-01

A violência contra os idosos é um fenômeno evidente dentro do atual processo de envelhecimento populacional mundial. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o tema da violência contra os idosos, apoiada em artigos científicos publicados. Trata-se de uma atualização, que além de abordar temas principais do assunto, pretende enfatizar como o mesmo é tratado pela atual política de saúde do idoso no Brasil, e também dar um enfoque ético. Percebe-se que a questão da violência c...

Identification of Resistance to Wet Bubble Disease and Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Strains of Agaricus bisporus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yongping Fu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Outbreaks of wet bubble disease (WBD caused by Mycogone perniciosa are increasing across the world and seriously affecting the yield of Agaricus bisporus. However, highly WBD-resistant strains are rare. Here, we tested 28 A. bisporus strains for WBD resistance by inoculating M. perniciosa spore suspension on casing soil, and assessed genetic diversity of these strains using 17 new simple sequence repeat (SSR markers developed in this study. We found that 10 wild strains originating from the Tibetan Plateau in China were highly WBD-resistant strains, and 13 cultivated strains from six countries were highly susceptible strains. A total of 88 alleles were detected in these 28 strains, and the observed number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8. Cluster and genetic structure analysis results revealed the wild resources from China have a relatively high level of genetic diversity and occur at low level of gene flow and introgression with cultivated strains. Moreover, the wild strains from China potentially have the consensus ancestral genotypes different from the cultivated strains and evolved independently. Therefore, the highly WBD-resistant wild strains from China and newly developed SSR markers could be used as novel sources for WBD-resistant breeding and quantitative trait locus (QTL mapping of WBD-resistant gene of A. bisporus.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeffer on Glycemia and Cholesterol after Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Betti Mascaro

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effect of the Agaricus sylvaticus (sun mushroom on biochemical tests of the plasma and on the morphology of the pancreas in an experimental model of type I diabetes mellitus (DM1 induced by streptozotocin. One gram of dry A. sylvaticus was homogenized and mixed with the chow. Male Wistar rats were allocated as follows: normoglycemic control that received commercial chow; normoglycemic control group that received chow with A. sylvaticus; diabetic group that received commercial chow; and diabetic group that received chow with A. sylvaticus. Weight, food, and water consumption were measured every two days. Blood glucose levels were measured twice a week. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized and blood was collected for the analysis of cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, blood sugar, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT, alkaline phosphatase, iron, transferrin, and urea. The pancreas was processed for microscopic analysis. A. sylvaticus modulated the levels of cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, blood sugar, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, iron, transferrin, and urea to levels similar to those found in the controls and led to compensatory hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans. A. sylvaticus is potentially beneficial in the control of type 1 diabetes, and it may also prevent pancreas damage.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira en personas asintomáticos y en perros de Chancay, Lima 2001

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Céspedes

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospiras en personas asintomáticas dedicadas a la agricultura, pesca y comercio y en perros domésticos de localidades de Chancay (Huaral, Lima. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico, se tomó muestras de suero de 268 pobladores de tres localidades, en quienes se evaluó la presencia de anticuerpos totales contra Leptospiras por el método de ELISA IgG y la prueba de microaglutinación (MAT. Se buscaron los factores asociados con la positividad a Leptospiras calculando el OR con su intervalo de confianza al 95%. De la misma manera, se tomó muestras de suero de 241 perros a los que se realizó la prueba de MAT. Resultados. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira en población asintomática fue de 10,1% (IC95%: 6,3-13,9, la cual estuvo asociada con el abastecimiento de agua para consumo en quebrada o pozo (OR: 3,48, IC95%: 1,39-8,74, con el antecedente de nadar en el río o acequia (OR: 4,75, IC95%: 1,51-14,92 y con tener una edad entre 21-40 años (OR: 2,47, IC95%: 1,10-5,52. Los serovares más frecuentes fueron Icterohaemorrhagiae y Canicola según MAT. En canes, 27,8% (67/241 tuvieron serología positiva a leptospiras. Conclusiones. Existe una mediana prevalencia de serología positiva para Leptospiras en la población general asintomática y condiciones favorables para la presencia de Leptospiras en las localidades estudiadas. En estas zonas se recomienda realizar actividades educativas preventivas frecuentes, tomando en cuenta los resultados de este estudio y el personal de salud debe sospechar de la leptospirosis como una causa de enfermedad febril.

La lucha de la UE contra el actual crimen organizado: un reto esencial… pero difícil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Jiménez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Si la lucha contra la delincuencia organizada requiere en general de un elevado grado de cooperación entre los estados, en el caso de la Unión Europea, con un espacio interior sin fronteras para casi todo, esto resulta insoslayable. Los estados miembros, conscientes de ello, han hecho esfuerzos por avanzar juntos en esta lucha. La creación de nuevas herramientas de cooperación y el uso de organismos autónomos como las agencias han sido pasos importantes, pero están lejos de ser suficientes. Para progresar en este sentido, es imprescindible superar el recelo derivado de la defensa de una soberanía hoy en día más imaginaria que real y, sobre todo, es necesaria una mayor armonización de estándares de seguridad, protección de derechos fundamentales y garantías del Estado de derecho que permitan un mayor grado de confianza mutua, imprescindible para una acción conjunta más eficaz contra este tipo de delincuencia.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella sp. En donantes del banco de sangre de un hospital de Lima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abel Ortega

2007-10-01

Full Text Available El Perú es un país endémico de Brucelosis, por lo que existe el riesgo de transmisión a través de sangre donada por no ser parte del tamizaje regular que realizan los bancos de sangre. Para conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, se analizó 1003 muestras de suero. La prueba tamiz fue Rosa de Bengala (RB; las muestras positivas fueron evaluadas por las pruebas de aglutinación en tubo (AT y 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME. Dos donantes fueron positivos a RB, confirmados por AT y 2-ME, se encontró una prevalencia de 0,20% (IC99%: 0,01-0,92. Se demostró la presencia de donantes portadores de anticuerpos contra Brucella con posible Brucelosis activa, evidenciándose la posibilidad de transmisión de esta infección. Se debe realizar mayores estudios con la finalidad de conocer la realidad de otros bancos de sangre.

Efecto antimicrobiano de Psidium guajava L. contra Salmonella typhymurium en Cavia porcellus L.

OpenAIRE

Pineda Castillo, Carlos Alberto

2013-01-01

La explotación de cobayos es una actividad económica muy difundida en la zona andina del Perú, la cual tiene que sortear una serie de dificultades, siendo la mas importante de todas la salmonelosis. En consecuencia, para remediar dicho problema, sin incrementar los costes de producción, se opto por emplear la medicina alternativa con recursos propios de la zona. Es así, que se probó la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico de hojas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) contra Salmonella e...

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE: REFLEXÃO SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

QUITÉRIA CLARICE MAGALHÃES CARVALHO

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia ocupa un destacado lugar en la sociedad moderna y se configura como un problema de salud pública. El objetivo fue narrar sobre las políticas relacionadas a la violencia contra el niño y el adolescente. Estudio documental, reflexivo, entre los años 1982 a 2006. A través de los datos se formuló la siguiente categoría: las políticas públicas frente a la violencia contra niños y adolescentes. Se deduce que la manera como los mismos han sido tratados, oscila entre la negligencia, punición y medidas puramente asistenciales. Los estatutos, los códigos y las leyes existen, aparentemente hacen falta medidas enérgicas, para que los mismos se tornen efectivos. Es imprescindible el desarrollo de actividades que ofrezcan a los niños y a los adolescentes posibilidades de una vida plena de respeto. El fenómeno de la violencia debe remitir a la sociedad a la lucha incansable para el ejercicio de la democracia. Entre los elementos sociales, se distingue el enfermero, siempre presente en los diversos ambientes de atención al niño y al adolescente, pudiendo contribuir de manera significativa en la detección, prevención y notificación de tal fenómeno.

Fatores associados à violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo de dez cidades brasileiras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisca Sueli da Silva Lima

Full Text Available Resumo: No Brasil, há um limitado número de estudos sobre violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo, tema que vem instigando pesquisadores em todo o mundo, estimulados principalmente por possíveis associações desta com o HIV. Este trabalho objetiva estimar a prevalência de violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo, segundo natureza e perpetrador, e identificar os fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com dados de 2.523 mulheres profissionais do sexo de dez cidades brasileiras, recrutadas pelo método respondent-driven sampling (RDS. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de violência verbal foi de 59,5%; violência física 38,1%; sexual 37,8%. Violência física por parceiro íntimo, 25,2%; por clientes, 11,7%. Dentre os fatores associados à violência física estão: idade < 30 anos (ORa = 2,27; IC95%: 1,56-3,29; uso de drogas (ORa = 2,02; IC95%: 1,54-2,65; valor do programa até R$ 29,00 (ORa = 1,51; IC95%: 1,07-2,13. Conclui-se que as mulheres profissionais do sexo brasileiras vivenciam uma carga desproporcional de violência. Identificar fatores de vulnerabilidade é fundamental para as intervenções que garantam direitos humanos e controle do HIV.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA GESTANTES EM DELEGACIAS ESPECIALIZADAS NO ATENDIMENTO À MULHER DE TERESINA-PI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariane Gomes dos Santos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia contra la mujer es definida como cualquier acción o conducta basada en violencia de género, que cause muerte, daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico. El objetivo fue medir el fenómeno de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres embarazadas mediante la denuncia de maltrato en Comisarías Especializadas en Atención a la Mujer, en Teresina- -PI. Investigación cuantitativa del tipo análisis documental, retrospectivo. Para recolectar datos se utilizó un formulario semiestructurado. La muestra estuvo conformada por 71 notificaciones policiales de mujeres embarazadas violadas en 2008 en dos Comisarías de la Mujer de Teresina-PI. Se observó que 42,3% de las embarazadas era ama de casa; 31,0% tenía entre 22 y 26 años de edad; los principales responsables por la violencia fueron sus compañeros (38,0%, maridos (18,3% y ex- -compañeros (18,3%; se destacaron los tipos de violencia física (32,5%, psicológica (31,7% y moral (30%. Se concluyó que la población de embarazadas que denunció a su pareja no fue significativa, probablemente por tornarse más manejables ante las promesas del compañero de no volver a agredirla.

Repressão e violência de Estado contra os segmentos populares durante os governos militares. Rivail Carvalho Rolim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rivail Carvalho Rolim

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Inúmeras pesquisas analisaram variados aspectos acerca do exercício do poder durante o regime militar, destacando inclusive a repressão e a violência levada a cabo pelas forças repressivas contra os grupos políticos que se opuseram a esse regime. Contudo, depois de anos de pesquisas novos olhares começam a ser lançados sobre a ditadura no Brasil. Como havia uma concepção bastante ampla relativa às tensões e aos antagonismos existentes no país e com os segmentos sociais que poderiam provocá-las, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a violência do Estado contra as classes populares, tendo em vista que foram consideradas como portadoras de um potencial desagregador e perigoso e despreparadas para viver em uma sociedade moderna, industrializada e de vida marcadamente urbana.

Vacuna Sintética contra la Malaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Elkin Patarroyo

1993-12-01

Full Text Available

El doctor Manuel Elkin Patarroyo hace un recuento de lo que fueron sus primeros años de estudio y los primeros pasos que se dieron para fundar el Instituto de Inmunología, ayudado por muchos de los Académicos. Siempre ha querido representar al pueblo colombiano en sus valores de trabajo, disciplina, estudio, pensamiento y generosidad, en aras de un pueblo que sufre, que en definitiva es el objetivo del Médico, el paciente.

Posteriormente comenta qué es lo que se ha hecho con toda la profundidad que se merece pero con simpleza de palabras y en términos sencillos, cómo se desarrolló la Vacuna Sintética contra la malaria: ¿Por qué malaria?, porque esta es una enfermedad de gran trascendencia; aclara que él no le teme ni le molesta el cuestionamiento científico sobre el desarrollo de esta investigación, por el contrario lo acepta y lo goza porque es el ejercicio intelectual; lo que sí le molesta es el morbo alrededor de ello, por esto pidió al doctor Muñoz que al final se adelante un debate al respecto.

Dice a continuación que las vacunas tradicionales son biológicas como todo el mundo lo sabe, es el microorganismo causal mismo que se muta ose mata, pero que descomponiendo la estructura química de sus moléculas, con el concepto de la síntesis química se podrían rehacer químicamente y ser utilizadas como vacuna.

Decidieron entonces atacar el problema de la vacuna a través de esta metodología creando la vacuna contra la malaria de la cual se conoce su estructura química, y aclara que las vacunas químicas tienen otra ventaja, que son puras, con menos reacciones adversas que las tradicionales.

Dice el doctor Patarroyo que decidieron aislar, e identificar más de la mitad de las proteínas del parásito y dividiendo la muestra en dos fracciones, una de ellas se seleccionó para averiguar su composición química y la otra para saber cuál podría ser útil como vacuna. Así, fueron al Amazonas y all

Potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o isolados de Fusarium sp., in vitro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles Anthony Hoffmann

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Resumo – O uso discriminado de agrotóxicos acarreta em uma grande prejuízo a saúdes das pessoas e do meio ambiente. O uso de novos métodos de combate a pragas se faz necessário para o equilíbrio da cadeia produtiva. A utilização de microrganismos no combate a pragas se faz como uma boa alternativa. O trabalho objetivou-se em avaliar o potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o patógeno Fusarium sp. in vitro. Para isso foi utilizado os métodos de confronto direto, pareamento de culturas e de metabólitos voláteis. Os experimentos foram realizados na incubadora de empresas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT Campus de Gurupi, seguiram com três repetições. Foram testados 15 isolados do antagonista em confronto direto com o patógeno e os mesmos isolados e patógeno foram testados em metabólitos voláteis ambos utilizando o meio de cultura BDA. Todos os isolados apresentaram antagonismo in vitro contra o patógeno.

Violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Amazonas: análise dos registros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angela Costa Maia

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno frequente, mas pouco se conhece sobre o contexto em que ocorre e sobre suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar esta violência no Interior do Estado do Amazonas. Foram analisados 193 registros do Relatório Txain sobre a Violência contra Crianças e Adolescentes. Como resultado, verificou-se que grande parte dos registros oficiais omitem informações. A agressão física é o tipo de violência mais relatado, e a maior parte das vítimas é constituída de adolescentes do sexo feminino de idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Os agressores são predominantemente desconhecidos das vítimas e são do sexo masculino. Em termos de consequências para a saúde, há referência a algumas lesões físicas, mas os dados são bastante omissos em relação à saúde mental. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de integralização e aprimoramento dos sistemas de registro, informação e atendimento a vítimas fora das grandes cidades.

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.Repellent activity of plant essential oils against bites of Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae. Natural repellents from plant extracts have demonstrated good efficacy against bites of some

Effect of supplementing crop substrate with defatted pistachio meal on Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus production.

Science.gov (United States)

Pardo-Giménez, Arturo; Catalán, Luis; Carrasco, Jaime; Álvarez-Ortí, Manuel; Zied, Diego; Pardo, José

2016-08-01

This work assesses the agronomic performance of defatted pistachio meal, after oil extraction, as a nutritional substrate supplement when growing the mushroom species Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. Materials were applied at different doses at spawning. Along with non-supplemented substrates, commercial nutritional supplements were used as controls. Proximate analysis of mushrooms is also considered. For the cultivation of champignon, defatted pistachio meal has provided larger mushrooms (unitary weight and cap diameter) with firmer texture and greater content in dry weight and protein, without significant alterations in quantitative parameters. For Pleurotus ostreatus, the supplement led to significant yield increase, even providing up to 34.4% of increment compared to non-supplementation with meal, reaching a biological efficiency of 129.9 kg dt(-1) , when applied to the 15 g kg(-1) compost dose. Supplementation has also been conducted to increase dry weight, protein and fibre within carpophores and to decrease the energy value. Defatted pistachio meal has similar or better results compared to the commercial supplements used as reference. Compost supplementation with defatted pistachio meal in A. bisporus concerns mainly the quantitative parameters (size, texture, dry weight and protein). Based on the results obtained, this technique has greater potential of development for P. ostreatus commercial crops, basically due to expected increases in production, with a direct impact on benefits and crop profitability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Preserving and Maintaining Culinary-Medicinal Royal Sun Mushroom, Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricomycetes), in Sterile Distilled Water.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas-Del-Rlo, L M; Montoya, Sandra; Sepulveda-Arias, J C

2017-01-01

Strains of Agaricus brasiliensis require special procedures for conservation. Thus, the objective of this research was to establish conservation and maintenance procedures A. brasiliensis strain PSWC838 from the University of Pennsylvania (ABWC838) and an A. brasiliensis strain from the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (ABC). The medium in which mycelia grew the quickest for both strains was selected using a multifactorial design with 2 strains, 4 culture media, and incubation for 5 different times; the growth rate (mm/day) was the response variable. Analysis of variance showed that the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and potato extract did not display a significantly different growth rate, and PDA was selected for safety reasons. We also evaluated the viability of the strains grown on PDA and 0.2% activated carbon after 3 months of storage in sterile distilled water. A factorial design was applied with 2 factors, the strain and incubation for 10 different times. The Tukey post hoc test indicated that ABC showed quicker and more homogeneous growth than ABWC838. Finally, the results showed that pieces of mycelium of ABC and ABWC838 strains inoculated on the PDA medium with 0.2% activated carbon and preserved in sterile distilled water at 18 ± 1°C showed 100% viability after 3 months of storage. Moreover, the results of semiquantitative biochemical tests confirmed that the production of laccases and amylases was preserved in these strains after storage in sterile water, enhancing their ability to degrade substrates containing lignin and starchy waste.

Remediation capacity of Cd and Pb ions by mycelia of Imleria badia, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Agaricus bisporus in vitro cultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Kryczyk, Agata; Piotrowska, Joanna; Sito, Magdalena; Sulkowska-Ziaja, Katarzyna; Dobosz, Konrad; Opoka, Włodzimierz; Muszyńska, Bożena

2017-09-02

The goal of this study was to evaluate cadmium and lead accumulation ability of in vitro cultures biomass containing selected edible mushroom species derived from the environment (Laetiporus sulphureus, Imleria badia) and those of commercial origin (Agaricus bisporus). Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to evaluate the content of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on the medium supplemented with Cd(II) or Pb(II), each of them at the same concentration of 5·10 -5 M. The highest concentration of Cd(II) ions was determined in the biomass from L. sulphureus in vitro cultures, while the highest concentration of Pb(II) ions was found in the biomass from A. bisporus in vitro cultures. The greatest Cd(II) and Pb(II) accumulation ability in mycelium per dry weight was shown for L. sulphureus. Among the test species, biomass of A. bisporus showed the lowest ability for the bioaccumulation of Cd(II); however, comparable ability for the remediation of Pb(II) was provided by the biomasses from A. bisporus and I. badia in vitro cultures. The results confirm the possibility of using these mushroom species for remediation and indicate the relationship between bioaccumulation of heavy metals and the test species.

Effect of Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation on nutritional status and adverse events of chemotherapy of breast cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Valadares, Fabiana; Garbi Novaes, Maria Rita Carvalho; Cañete, Roberto

2013-01-01

Breast cancer (BC) represents the highest incidence of malignancy in women throughout the world. Medicinal fungi can stimulate the body, reduce side-effects associated with chemotherapy and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Agaricus sylvaticus on clinical and nutritional parameters in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out at the Oncology Clinic, Hospital of the Federal District-Brazil from September 2007 to July 2009. Forty six patients with BC, Stage II and III, were randomly assigned to receive either nutritional supplement with A. sylvaticus (2.1 g/day) or placebo. Patients were evaluated during treatment period. Patient supplemented with A. sylvaticus improved in clinical parameters and gastrointestinal functions. Poor appetite decreased by 20% with no changes in bowel functions (92.8%), nausea and vomiting (80%). Dietary supplementation with A. sylvaticus improved nutritional status and reduced abnormal bowel functions, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in patients with BC receiving chemotherapy.

Religión e incitación a la violencia contra la mujer : a propósito del caso del Imán de Fuengirola

OpenAIRE

Guiñán Quishpe, Mayra Alexandra

2015-01-01

El incremento de sermones de algunos Imanes a incitar la violencia contra la mujer ha provocado bastante polémica en el panorama español y a nivel internacional. De hecho, actualmente hay varios casos judiciales abiertos de Imanes y también, de personas de otras índoles ya que han aumentado mensajes de incitación al odio, discriminación y violencia contra las mujeres, de personas físicas y personas jurídicas en España. Sobre todo a causa de las nuevas tecnologías de información y redes social...

Violência doméstica contra adolescentes: o olhar dos educadores sociais

OpenAIRE

Amorim, Talita Carlos Maia

2011-01-01

A Violência Doméstica, como uma expressão particular da violência contra adolescentes, constitui fenômeno historicamente construído a partir das relações de poder que perpassam o gênero, a etnia e a classe social, demandando atenção diferenciada. A classificação em uma vala comum do que se entendia por criança e por adolescente sob as doutrinas do direito do menor e da situação irregular resultou, em geral, na elaboração, para o público adolescente, de políticas e de ações frag...

Diversity Profile and Dynamics of Peptaibols Produced by Green Mould Trichoderma Species in Interactions with Their Hosts Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus.

Science.gov (United States)

Marik, Tamás; Urbán, Péter; Tyagi, Chetna; Szekeres, András; Leitgeb, Balázs; Vágvölgyi, Máté; Manczinger, László; Druzhinina, Irina S; Vágvölgyi, Csaba; Kredics, László

2017-06-01

Certain Trichoderma species are causing serious losses in mushroom production worldwide. Trichoderma aggressivum and Trichoderma pleuroti are among the major causal agents of the green mould diseases affecting Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The genus Trichoderma is well-known for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites, including peptaibols, which are short, linear peptides containing unusual amino acid residues and being synthesised via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The aim of this study was to get more insight into the peptaibol production of T. aggressivum and T. pleuroti. HPLC/MS-based methods revealed the production of peptaibols closely related to hypomurocins B by T. aggressivum, while tripleurins representing a new group of 18-residue peptaibols were identified in T. pleuroti. Putative NRPS genes enabling the biosynthesis of the detected peptaibols could be found in the genomes of both Trichoderma species. In vitro experiments revealed that peptaibols are potential growth inhibitors of mushroom mycelia, and that the host mushrooms may have an influence on the peptaibol profiles of green mould agents. © 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

Violência denunciada: ocorrências de maus tratos contra crianças e adolescentes registradas em uma unidade policial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Esse estudo objetiva verificar o perfil da ocorrência de maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes. Foram analisados os dados registrados nas ocorrências policiais da Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher de Araçatuba-SP, no ano de 2008, relativos à agressão; relação vítima-agressor; características sociodemográficas de agressores e vítimas e procura das vítimas por serviço de saúde. Dentre as denúncias feitas, houve uma maior prevalência de maus tratos físicos, sendo a residência o local de maior incidência de agressões. Na maioria das vezes, o agressor era a mãe da criança, sendo o motivo não relatado, na maior parte dos casos. Desse modo, podemos delinear o perfil das ocorrências violentas contra criança, contribuindo para a visualização, conhecimento e enfrentamento do problema.

Ciberactivismo contra la violencia de género: fetichismo tecnológico e interactividad

OpenAIRE

Núñez Puente, Sonia; Fernández Romero, Diana; Peña Jiménez, Palma

2016-01-01

El artículo pretende analizar cómo los procesos de interpasividad, fetichismo tecnológico y capitalismo comunicativo se articulan, o no, en las prácticas ciberactivistas de las comunidades virtuales españolas que luchan contra la violencia de género. Partiendo de la argumentación teórica acerca del fetichismo tecnológico y del capitalismo comunicativo de Jodi Dean, se abordará si Internet, el ciberespacio y la realidad virtual pueden, o no, impulsar transformaciones sociales, al constituirse ...

Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry Mauricio Puerto Pedraza

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El cáncer se reconoce como un problema universal que afecta a las personas de cualquier edad, género, cultura y situación económica, además impone fuertes cargas financieras y sociales para la persona enferma al igual que su familia. El objetivo fue determinar el Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica en los cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se entrevistaron 75 cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento "Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica". El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y estratificación de la escala Soporte social percibido. Resultados: Los cuidadores familiares son en mayoría mujeres de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, de escolaridad primaria incompleta el (37,3%, en relación al estado civil se informó estar casados o en unión libre (66,7%, de ocupación hogar (50,7%, con una mediana de 18 horas de cuidado. Los cuidadores familiares presentan una percepción media del soporte social percibido de (36%. Las subescalas del instrumento reportan puntajes medios en la interacción personal (42,7%, guía (40%, retroalimentación (41,3% ayuda tangible (28%, interacción social (45,3%. Discusión: Se hace necesario abordar el soporte social desde una perspectiva holística donde las interrelaciones de salud física, emocional, funcionamiento familiar y social respondan a las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares. Conclusiones: El soporte social es conocido por ser la fuerza más grande y poderosa que facilita el éxito cuando una persona y su cuidador se ven amenazadas por el cáncer. Cómo citar este artículo: Puerto HM. Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1:1407-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.345

Cuantificación de IGG contra los componentes inmunogénicos de VA-ENGOC-BC en plasma de lactantes vacunados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Rodríguez Canosa

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Debido a las características particulares de la respuesta inmune en lactantes, así como a la eficacia mostrada por la vacuna cubana antimeningocóccica VA-MENGOC-BC, nos propusimos cuantificar la respuesta de la inmunoglobulina G contra los componentes inmunogénicos de los meningococos B y C presentes en la vacuna, en lactantes vacunados. Se tomó muestra por punción capilar a 109 lactantes entre 3 y 6 meses de edad antes de la vacunación a los 31,4 ± 2 días después de la primera y 32,3 ± días después de la segunda dosis vacunal. Se determinaron las concentraciones de inmunoglobulina G contra cada inmunógeno de la vacuna. Los niveles de inmunoglobulina G específica prevacunación, fueron elevadas contra el meningococo C. Se produjo un incremento estadísticamente significativo de anticuerpos para ambos inmunógenos después de la primera y segunda dosis, más marcado contra el meningococo C en la primera y para el meningococo B en la segunda, lo que apoya la presencia de memoria inmunológicaDue to the particular characteristics of the immune response in infants and to the efficacy shown by the Cuban antimeningococcal vaccine denominated VA-MENGOC-BC, we propose ourselves to quantify the response of immunoglobulin G against the immunogenic components of the meningococci B and C present in the vaccine among the vaccinated infants. The sample was taken by capillary puncture from 109 infants between 3 and 6 months before vaccination, at 31.4±2 days after the first dose and at 32.3± days after the second one. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G against each immunogen of the vaccine were determined. The levels of prevaccination specific immunoglobulin G were elevated against meningococcus C. There was a statistically significant increase of atibodies for both immunogens after the first and second dose. It was more marked against meningococcus C in the first, and for meningococcus B in the secons one, which supports the presence of

New Germplasms of the Culinary-Medicinal Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes): Two Wild Strains from the Tibetan Plateau (China).

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Bin-Bin; Jiang, Si-Ping; Xu, Ai-Guo; Dorji, Phurbu; Wang, Wen-Jing; Wang, Xiao-Liang; Wei, Tie-Zheng; Zhang, Zu-Tang; Yao, Yi-Jian

2017-01-01

Agaricus bisporus is one of the most important commercially cultivated culinary-medicinal mushrooms worldwide. In China, most of the cultivated strains of the fungus were introduced from other countries and cultivated in the eastern provinces. In this study, 2 wild strains of A. bisporus, 2091 and 2094, isolated from fresh specimens collected from the Tibetan Plateau, were domesticated and cultivated alongside a commercial hybrid strain, As2796, in Lhasa, China, for comparison in order to provide new germplasms for cultivation. Basic characteristics, mushroom yield, dry weight, polysaccharide contents, and antioxidant activities of the tested strains were analyzed. Compared with strain As2796, the 2 wild strains displayed good values for mycelial growth, time to fruiting, mushroom yield, dry weight, and polysaccharide contents, and their basidiomata had distinct morphological characteristics (e.g., brown or pale brown caps with some white scales). In addition, the antioxidant activities (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging effect) of strain 2094 were significantly higher than those of the other 2 strains. Domestication of the 2 wild strains would add more genetic variation into the germplasm of A. bisporus for cultivation, especially in China, and might help to address the problem inherent to the nearly monoculture crop lacking genetic diversity in China.

Subalternidade de gênero: refletindo sobre a vulnerabilidade para violência doméstica contra a mulher

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Christina Macedo Piosiadlo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a violência de gênero praticada contra a mulher no espaço intrafamiliar, sobretudo, a relação entre a subalternidade de gênero no âmbito familiar e a vulnerabilidade para este tipo de violência. Resultados: A subalternidade de gênero e a violência contra mulher apresentam-se entrelaçadas na história e, conformam-se por meio da construção de gênero nas sociedades. As mulheres formam um grupo que é violentado, constantemente, e de diversas maneiras, como, agressões e abusos físicos, verbais e sexuais cometidos por parceiros ou ex-parceiros, familiares, amigos, desconhecidos, por instituições públicas ou pelo Estado. Conclusão: Para que os serviços de saúde possam se antecipar às doenças e agravos decorrentes da violência doméstica é essencial compreender os aspectos relacionados à vulnerabilidade da mulher para a violência, como um indicador da iniquidade e da desigualdade social que supera o conceito probabilístico de risco.

Author's Response to Commentaries on: "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics"

Science.gov (United States)

Molenaar, Peter C. M.

2015-01-01

In this article, Peter Molenaar responds to three commentaries (this issue) on his article, "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics." He addresses aspects of relational developmental systems (RDS) mentioned and questions raised in each of the…

A compact, high efficiency contra-rotating generator suitable for wind turbines in the urban environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Booker, J.D. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR (United Kingdom); Mellor, P.H.; Wrobel, R.; Drury, D. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol (United Kingdom)

2010-09-15

This paper is concerned with the design, development and performance testing of a permanent magnet (PM) generator for wind turbine applications in urban areas. The radially interacting armature windings and magnet array are carried on direct drive, contra-rotating rotors, resulting in a high torque density and efficiency. This topology also provides improved physical and mechanical characteristics such as compactness, low starting torque, elimination of gearboxes, low maintenance, low noise and vibration, and the potential for modular construction. The design brief required a 50 kW continuous rated prototype generator, with a relative speed at the air-gap of 500 rpm. A test rig has been instrumented to give measurements of the mechanical input (torque and speed) and electrical output (voltage, current and power) of the generator, as well as temperature readings from inside the generator using a wireless telemetry device. Peak power output was found to be 48 kW at a contra-rotating speed of 500 rpm, close to the design target, with an efficiency of 94%. It is anticipated that the generator will find application in a wide range of wind turbine designs suited to the urban environment, e.g. types sited on the top of buildings, as there is growing interest in providing quiet, low cost, clean electricity at point of use. (author)

Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Oliveira Isaias

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O efeito antagônico exercido por fungos do gênero Trichoderma foi avaliado contra os fitopatógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae, isolados de áster ornamental e morangueiro, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se 20 isolados do antagonista, pertencentes às espécies T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale e Trichoderma sp. O antagonismo foi verificado por meio de testes de culturas pareadas e produção de metabólitos bioativos pelo método de sobreposição de placas. A maioria dos isolados exibiu efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento micelial de S. rolfsii e V. dahliae quando comparado com as testemunhas. Excetuando-se os testes de produção de metabólitos não-voláteis, verificou-se maior ação inibitória contra V. dahliae. Mesmo os metabólitos não-voláteis termoestáveis apresentaram efeito inibitório contra ambos os patógenos testados, mostrando que os metabólitos secundários do antagonista exercem efeito significativo sobre essas espécies patogênicas.

Desarrollo de agentes inmunizantes contra el dengue Development of immunizing agents against dengue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. López Antuñano

2000-05-01

Full Text Available El complejo de los cuatro flavivirus del dengue es transmitido principalmente por el mosquito Aedes aegypti. Se han atribuido epidemias a la actividad de A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis y a varias especies del complejo A. scutellaris. Los factores de riesgo que determinan la probabilidad de enfermar o morir por dengue están relacionados tanto con el huésped (características genéticas, estado inmunitario, forma de vida y condiciones de salud, saneamiento básico de la vivienda y abastecimiento de agua potable como con el virus (variabilidad genética de cepas entre y dentro de los serotipos, diferente capacidad patógena y distribución geográfica. A pesar de la falta de conocimiento sobre la inmunobiopatología del dengue, se han hecho importantes avances para conseguir una respuesta inmunitaria protectora con virus atenuados y con antígenos obtenidos por medio de tecnologías recombinantes. Desde los años 40, se ha intentado desarrollar vacunas contra el dengue. La inmunidad que se adquiere por infección natural es específica para cada serotipo y se han documentado infecciones por tres serotipos diferentes en la misma persona, por lo que probablemente sea necesaria una vacuna tetravalente. En voluntarios se han probado vacunas contra los cuatro serotipos que han sido inmunógenas y seguras. Aunque las vacunas con virus atenuados son prometedoras, son necesarios nuevos estudios sobre su eficacia y seguridad. Actualmente están en curso estudios para producir vacunas contra el virus del dengue mediante tecnologías de ADN recombinante y otras técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando como antígenos proteínas estructurales (principalmente la glicoproteína E y no estructurales. Con el mismo propósito se han usado varios vectores de expresión, como Escherichia coli, baculovirus, virus de la vacuna y virus de la fiebre amarilla. Lamentablemente, no se han obtenido resultados satisfactorios en el hombre. La necesidad de desarrollar

Violence against women: theoretical reflections Violencia contra mujeres: reflexiones teóricas Violência contra mulheres: reflexões teóricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Casique Casique

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Violence appears in different forms and circumstances and involves distinct kinds of violent acts against children, women, elderly and other defenseless persons. This serious problem, which degrades women's integrity, is denoted by terms like domestic violence, gender violence and violence against women. Gender violence can appear as physical, psychological, sexual, economic violence, as well as violence at work. Violence against women committed by their intimate partners can be analyzed through the Ecological Model, which explains the close relation between individuals and their environment. Factors influencing people's behavior towards this violence should be analyzed with a view to establishing help programs.La violencia se manifiesta de diferentes formas, en distintas circunstancias y con diversos tipos de actos dirigidos a niños, mujeres, ancianos y otras personas indefensas. Violencia domestica, violencia de genero y violencia contra mujeres son términos utilizados para denominar este grave problema que degrada la integridad de la mujer. La violencia de género puede manifestarse a través de violencia física, violencia psicológica, violencia sexual, violencia económica y violencia en el trabajo. La violencia sufrida por la mujer por parte de su compañero íntimo puede ser analizada a través del Modelo Ecológico que explica la estrecha relación entre el individuo y su entorno. Se concluyo que es importante analizar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de las personas frente a la violencia para establecer programas de ayuda.A violência manifesta-se de diferentes formas, em distintas circunstâncias e com diversos tipos de atos violentos dirigidos a crianças, mulheres, idosos e outros indefesos. Violência doméstica, violência de gênero e violência contra mulheres são termos utilizados para denominar este grave problema que degrada a integridade da mulher. A violência de gênero pode manifestar-se através de viol

Violência contra as mulheres no trabalho: O caso do assédio sexual

OpenAIRE

Dias, Isabel

2008-01-01

No presente artigo analisa-se o assédio sexual como sendo uma das formas mais graves de violência praticada contra as mulheres no contexto do trabalho. Identificam-se os factores de risco e as vítimas mais vulneráveis. Estuda-se as consequências do assédio para as vítimas e no contexto organizacional onde ele ocorre. Problematiza-se o assédio no continuum de violência geral experimentada pelas mulheres. This article analyses sexual harassment as one of the most harmful forms of violence ag...

Anticuerpos policlonales contra la proteína recombinante NS3 del virus del dengue

OpenAIRE

Liliana Morales; Myriam L. Velandia; María Angélica Calderon; Jaime E. Castellanos; Jacqueline Chaparro-Olaya

2017-01-01

Introducción. El dengue es una enfermedad causada por uno de los cuatro serotipos del virus del dengue (DENV) y es endémica en, aproximadamente, 130 países. Su incidencia ha aumentado notablemente en las últimas décadas, así como la frecuencia y la magnitud de los brotes. A pesar de los esfuerzos, no existen tratamientos profilácticos ni terapéuticos contra la enfermedad y, en ese contexto, el estudio de los procesos que gobiernan el ciclo de infección del DENV es esencial para desarrollar...

Comparison of characterization and microbial communities in rice straw- and wheat straw-based compost for Agaricus bisporus production.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Lin; Mao, Jiugeng; Zhao, Hejuan; Li, Min; Wei, Qishun; Zhou, Ying; Shao, Heping

2016-09-01

Rice straw (RS) is an important raw material for the preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost in China. In this study, the characterization of composting process from RS and wheat straw (WS) was compared for mushroom production. The results showed that the temperature in RS compost increased rapidly compared with WS compost, and the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio decreased quickly. The microbial changes during the Phase I and Phase II composting process were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Bacteria were the dominant species during the process of composting and the bacterial community structure dramatically changed during heap composting according to the DGGE results. The bacterial community diversity of RS compost was abundant compared with WS compost at stages 4-5, but no distinct difference was observed after the controlled tunnel Phase II process. The total amount of PLFAs of RS compost, as an indicator of microbial biomass, was higher than that of WS. Clustering by DGGE and principal component analysis of the PLFA compositions revealed that there were differences in both the microbial population and community structure between RS- and WS-based composts. Our data indicated that composting of RS resulted in improved degradation and assimilation of breakdown products by A. bisporus, and suggested that the RS compost was effective for sustaining A. bisporus mushroom growth as well as conventional WS compost.

Partial purification and characterization of polyphenoloxidase from culinary-medicinal Royal Sun mushroom (the Himematsutake), Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al. (Agaricomycetideae).

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto-Akanuma, Akiko; Akanuma, Satoshi; Motoi, Masuro; Yamagishi, Akihiko; Ohno, Naohito

2011-01-01

The Royal Sun mushroom, the Himematsutake culinary-medicinal mushroom, Agaricus brasiliensis has several polyphenoloxidase activities in a broad sense. Here we report the partial purification of tyrosinase-type polyphenoloxidase (PPO). PPO is purified from A. brasiliensis without browning using a two-phase partitioning with Triton X-114 and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Partially denaturing SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis) staining with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine was performed and the indicated molecular sizes were approximately 70 kDa and 45 kDa. The purified enzyme is in its latent state and can be activated maximally in the presence of 1.6 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This enzyme catalyzes two distinct reactions, monophenolase and diphenolase activity, and the monophenolase activity showed a lag time typical of polyphenoloxidase. The K(m) value for 4-tert-butylcatechol was quite similar in the presence and absence of SDS, but the apparent V(max) value was increased 2.0-fold by SDS. Mimosine was a typical competitive inhibitor with K(i) values of 138.2 microM and 281.0 microM n the presence and absence of SDS, respectively.

Haz que tu bebé nazca protegido contra la tosferina(Born with Protection against Whooping Cough)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast provee información acerca de la tosferina, una enfermedad que puede ser mortal para los bebés, y la recomendación de los CDC de que todas las mujeres reciban la vacuna Tdap durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo para que su bebé nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.

Effect of dose rate of gamma irradiation on biochemical quality and browning of mushrooms Agaricus bisporus

Science.gov (United States)

Beaulieu, M.; D'Aprano, G.; Lacroix, M.

2002-03-01

In order to enhance the shelf-life of edible mature mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, 2 kGy ionising treatments were applied at two different dose rates: 4.5 kGy/h ( I-) and 32 kGy/h ( I+). Both I+ and I- showed 2 and 4 days shelf-life enhancement compared to the control ( C). Before day 9, no significant difference ( p>0.05) in L* value was detected in irradiated mushrooms. However, after day 9, the highest observed L* value (whiteness) was obtained for the mushrooms irradiated in I-. Analyses of phenolic compounds revealed that mushrooms in I- contained more phenols than I+ and C, the latter containing the lower level of phenols. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities of irradiated mushrooms, analysed via catechol oxidase and dopa oxidase substrates, resulted in being significantly lowered ( p⩽0.05) compared to C, with a further decrease in I+. Analyses of the enzymes indicated that PPO activity was lower in I+, contrasting with its lower phenol concentration. Ionising treatments also increased significantly ( p⩽0.05) the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. The observation of mushrooms cellular membranes, by electronic microscopy, revealed a better preserved integrity in I- than in I+. It is thus assumed that the browning effect observed in I+ was caused by both the decompartimentation of vacuolar phenol and by the entry of molecular oxygen into the cell cytoplasm. The synergetic effect of the residual active PPO and the molecular oxygen, in contact with the phenols, allowed an increased oxidation rate and, therefore, a more pronounced browning in I+ than in I-.

Effect of dose rate of gamma irradiation on biochemical quality and browning of mushrooms Agaricus bisporus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beaulieu, M.; D'Aprano, G.; Lacroix, M.

2002-01-01

In order to enhance the shelf-life of edible mature mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, 2 kGy ionising treatments were applied at two different dose rates: 4.5 kGy/h (I - ) and 32 kGy/h (I + ). Both I + and I - showed 2 and 4 days shelf-life enhancement compared to the control (C). Before day 9, no significant difference (p>0.05) in L * value was detected in irradiated mushrooms. However, after day 9, the highest observed L * value (whiteness) was obtained for the mushrooms irradiated in I - . Analyses of phenolic compounds revealed that mushrooms in I - contained more phenols than I + and C, the latter containing the lower level of phenols. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities of irradiated mushrooms, analysed via catechol oxidase and dopa oxidase substrates, resulted in being significantly lowered (p≤0.05) compared to C, with a further decrease in I + . Analyses of the enzymes indicated that PPO activity was lower in I + , contrasting with its lower phenol concentration. Ionising treatments also increased significantly (p≤0.05) the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. The observation of mushrooms cellular membranes, by electronic microscopy, revealed a better preserved integrity in I - than in I + . It is thus assumed that the browning effect observed in I + was caused by both the decompartimentation of vacuolar phenol and by the entry of molecular oxygen into the cell cytoplasm. The synergetic effect of the residual active PPO and the molecular oxygen, in contact with the phenols, allowed an increased oxidation rate and, therefore, a more pronounced browning in I + than in I -

Nucleus-specific expression in the multinuclear mushroom-forming fungus Agaricus bisporus reveals different nuclear regulatory programs.

Science.gov (United States)

Gehrmann, Thies; Pelkmans, Jordi F; Ohm, Robin A; Vos, Aurin M; Sonnenberg, Anton S M; Baars, Johan J P; Wösten, Han A B; Reinders, Marcel J T; Abeel, Thomas

2018-04-24

Many fungi are polykaryotic, containing multiple nuclei per cell. In the case of heterokaryons, there are different nuclear types within a single cell. It is unknown what the different nuclear types contribute in terms of mRNA expression levels in fungal heterokaryons. Each cell of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus contains two to 25 nuclei of two nuclear types originating from two parental strains. Using RNA-sequencing data, we assess the differential mRNA contribution of individual nuclear types and its functional impact. We studied differential expression between genes of the two nuclear types, P1 and P2, throughout mushroom development in various tissue types. P1 and P2 produced specific mRNA profiles that changed through mushroom development. Differential regulation occurred at the gene level, rather than at the locus, chromosomal, or nuclear level. P1 dominated mRNA production throughout development, and P2 showed more differentially up-regulated genes in important functional groups. In the vegetative mycelium, P2 up-regulated almost threefold more metabolism genes and carbohydrate active enzymes (cazymes) than P1, suggesting phenotypic differences in growth. We identified widespread transcriptomic variation between the nuclear types of A. bisporus Our method enables studying nucleus-specific expression, which likely influences the phenotype of a fungus in a polykaryotic stage. Our findings have a wider impact to better understand gene regulation in fungi in a heterokaryotic state. This work provides insight into the transcriptomic variation introduced by genomic nuclear separation. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Estandarización en Colombia de una prueba ELISA para la evaluación de los niveles séricos de anticuerpos IgG contra diez serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucía Carolina Leal-Esteban

2012-03-01

Conclusión. Esta prueba ELISA cuantifica de forma confiable los niveles de IgG sérica contra diez serotipos de S. pneumoniae y, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en individuos sanos de nuestra población, en este trabajo se validan los parámetros internacionales para considerar adecuada la respuesta a la vacuna 23-valente contra este microorganismo.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.393

Using community participation to assess acceptability of "Contra Caries", a theory-based, promotora-led oral health education program for rural Latino parents: a mixed methods study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoeft, Kristin S; Rios, Sarah M; Pantoja Guzman, Estela; Barker, Judith C

2015-09-03

Latino children experience more prevalent and severe tooth decay than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children. Few theory-based, evaluated and culturally appropriate interventions target parents of this vulnerable population. To fill this gap, the Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program, a theory-based, promotora-led education program for low-income, Spanish-speaking parents of children aged 1-5 years, was developed. This article describes qualitative findings of the acceptability of curriculum content and activities, presents the process of refinement of the curriculum through engaging the target population and promotoras, and presents results from the evaluation assessing the acceptability of the curriculum once implemented. Focus groups were conducted with low-income Spanish-speaking parents of children 1-5 years living in a city in an agricultural area of California. Interviews were digitally recorded, translated and transcribed, checked for accuracy and the resulting data was thematically coded and analyzed using a social constructionist approach. The Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program was then implemented with a separate but similar sample, and after completing the program, participants were administered surveys asking about acceptability and favorite activities of the education program. Data were entered into a database, checked for accuracy, open-ended questions were categorized, and responses to close-ended questions counted. Twelve focus groups were conducted (N = 51), 105 parents attended the Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program, and 83 parents filled out surveys. Complete attendance and retention was high (89% and 90%, respectively). This study found that their children's oral health is a high priority. Parents were not only interested in, but actually attended classes focused on increasing their knowledge and skills with respect to early childhood oral health. The Contra Caries content and format was perceived as

Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA: experiencia con seis pacientes pediátricos. Potencial eficacia del metotrexato

Science.gov (United States)

Bravo-Oro, Antonio; Abud-Mendoza, Carlos; Quezada-Corona, Arturo; Dalmau, Josep; Campos-Guevara, Verónica

2016-01-01

Introducción La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad cada vez más diagnosticada en edad pediátrica. A diferencia de los adultos, en muchos casos no se asocia a tumores y las manifestaciones iniciales en niños más frecuentes son crisis convulsivas y trastornos del movimiento, mientras que en los adultos predominan las alteraciones psiquiátricas. Casos clínicos Presentamos seis casos pediátricos confirmados con anticuerpos contra la subunidad NR1 del receptor de NMDA en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Cinco de los casos comenzaron con crisis convulsivas como manifestación clínica inicial antes de desarrollar el cuadro clásico de esta entidad. En todos los casos se utilizaron esteroides como primera línea de tratamiento, con los que sólo se observó control de las manifestaciones en uno, por lo que el resto de los pacientes requirió inmunomoduladores de segunda línea. Todos los pacientes recibieron metotrexato como tratamiento inmunomodulador para evitar recaídas y la evolución fue a la mejoría en todos ellos. Conclusiones En nuestra serie de pacientes con encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA, ninguno se asoció a tumores. Todos los casos recibieron metotrexato por lo menos durante un año, no observamos eventos adversos clínicos ni por laboratorio, ni hubo secuelas neurológicas ni recaídas durante el tratamiento. Aunque es una serie pequeña y es deseable incrementar el número y tiempo de evolución, consideramos el metotrexato una excelente alternativa como tratamiento inmunomodulador para esta patología. PMID:24150952

La lucha contra el fraude en la Seguridad Social en el marco de los nuevos principios de actuación de la Administración Pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis García Delgado

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la actual crisis de sostenibilidad de la Seguridad Social en España, poniendo de manifiesto los factores que más inciden en la amenaza de la viabilidad de las prestaciones públicas que hoy se reconocen. En este contexto, una de las cuestiones que se encuentra entre las posibles soluciones es la lucha contra el fraude laboral y de Seguridad Social. Se incide en la definición de fraude, diferenciándolo del mero incumplimiento de las obligaciones con la Seguridad Social, se señalan las causas que lo producen y se estudian los principales sistemas empleados para su cuantificación, así como sus modalidades más importantes y medidas disuasorias, preventivas y de carácter moralizador que pueden implantarse para intentar que su incidencia disminuya. Todo ello a la luz de la normativa reciente que incide en las nuevas relaciones de las Administraciones públicas “ad intra” y “ad extra”, y que puede ayudar decisivamente en esta lucha contra el fraude contra la Seguridad Social.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging based Cartilage Loss in Painful Contra-Lateral Knees with and without Radiographic Joint Space Narrowing – Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)

Science.gov (United States)

Eckstein, Felix; Benichou, Olivier; Wirth, Wolfgang; Nelson, David R; Maschek, Susanne; Hudelmaier, Martin; Kwoh, C. Kent; Guermazi, Ali; Hunter, David

2010-01-01

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess whether knees with advanced radiographic disease (medial joint space narrowing = mJSN) encounter greater longitudinal cartilage loss than contra-lateral knees with earlier disease (no or less mJSN). Methods Participants were selected from 2678 cases in the Osteoarthritis Initiative, based on exhibition of bilateral pain, BMI>25, mJSN in one knee, no or less mJSN in the contra-lateral knee, and no lateral JSN in both knees. 80 participants (age 60.6±9.1 yrs) fulfilled these criteria. Medial tibial and femoral cartilage morphology was analyzed from baseline and 1-year follow-up sagittal DESSwe 3 Tesla MRI of both knees, by experienced readers blinded to the timepoint and mJSN status. Results Knees with more radiographic mJSN displayed greater medial cartilage loss (-80 μm), assessed by MRI, than contra-lateral knees with less mJSN (-57μm). The difference reached statistical significance in participants with mJSN grade 2 or 3 (p=0.005 to p=0.08), but not in participants with mJSN grade 1 (p=0.28 to 0.98). In knees with more mJSN, cartilage loss increased with higher grades of mJSN (p=0.003 in the medial femur). Knees with mJSN grade 2 or 3 displayed greater cartilage loss in the weight-bearing medial femur than in the posterior femur or in the medial tibia (p=0.048). Conclusion Knees with advanced mJSN displayed greater cartilage loss than contra-lateral knees with less mJSN. These data suggest that radiography can be used to stratify fast structural progressors, and that MRI cartilage thickness loss is more pronounced at advanced radiographic disease stage. PMID:19714595

Contra la familia: ¿cómo hacer justicia a los niños afeminados?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giancarlo Cornejo

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo explora cómo familia puede ser un nombre que enmascara una violencia asesina contra las/os niñas/os queer. El objetivo es presentar una análisis intertextual de las películas Ma vie en rose y Doubt. Frente a la mirada familiar que nos condena a la reificación de la heteronormatividad, se plantea la importancia de generar miradasamorosas y solidarias que sustenten aquellas vidas donde se manifiestan afectos no hegemónicos.

La exégesis de la guerra global contra el terrorismo a través del cine y la televisión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Malalana Ureña

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo indaga en la representación audiovisual de la Historia reciente, principalmente de la Guerra contra el terror. Nuestra investigación se centrará en como “Hollywood” ha interpretado alguno de los acontecimientos / The article investigates the audiovisual representation of recent history, especially of the War on Terror. Our investigation will focus on how Hollywood has interpreted some of the some of the events. Palabras Clave: Guerra global contra el terrorismo, cine, series de televisión _________________________ The exegesis of The War on Terror through film and televisionAbstract: The article investigates the audiovisual representation of recent history, especially of the War on Terror. Our investigation will focus on how Hollywood has interpreted some of the some of the events.Keywords: The War on Terror. Cinema. TV Series. 

A high throughput colorimetric assay of β-1,3-D-glucans by Congo red dye.

Science.gov (United States)

Semedo, Magda C; Karmali, Amin; Fonseca, Luís

2015-02-01

Mushroom strains contain complex nutritional biomolecules with a wide spectrum of therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Among these compounds, β-d-glucans play an important role in immuno-modulating and anti-tumor activities. The present work involves a novel colorimetric assay method for β-1,3-d-glucans with a triple helix tertiary structure by using Congo red. The specific interaction that occurs between Congo red and β-1,3-d-glucan was detected by bathochromic shift from 488 to 516 nm (>20 nm) in UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A micro- and high throughput method based on a 96-well microtiter plate was devised which presents several advantages over the published methods since it requires only 1.51 μg of polysaccharides in samples, greater sensitivity, speed, assay of many samples and very cheap. β-D-Glucans of several mushrooms (i.e., Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma carnosum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes, Inonotus obliquus, Auricularia auricular, Polyporus umbellatus, Cordyseps sinensis, Agaricus blazei, Poria cocos) were isolated by using a sequence of several extractions with cold and boiling water, acidic and alkaline conditions and quantified by this microtiter plate method. FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the structural features of β-1,3-D-glucans in these mushroom samples as well as the specific interaction of these polysaccharides with Congo red. The effect of NaOH on triple helix conformation of β-1,3-D-glucans was investigated in several mushroom species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of dietary supplements in American bullfrogs reared in low and high stocking densities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorgina Juliana Gradisse Freitas

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic Bacillus subtillis and beta-glucan from the fungus Agaricus blazei on survival, growth and immunological capacity in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus cultured in low and high stocking densities. Animals weighing 24.3 ± 2.38 g were randomly distributed into four treatments with four simultaneous replicates: D100: 100 frogs/m2 (control; D236: 236 frogs/m2; D236 + Prob.: 236 frogs/m2 supplemented with probiotic; and D236 + BG: 236 frogs/m2 supplemented with beta-glucan. The parameters evaluated were weight gain, survival, plasma corticosterone (CORT, phagocytic capacity (PC and phagocytic index (PI, at 24 h and 15 and 30 days. There is significant interaction between treatments and time for CORT levels. At 30 days, these values were very close for the D100 (control and D236 + BG groups. Meanwhile, no statistical differences were observed between treatments for PC and PI. These results indicate that beta-glucan reduced the effects of stress caused by high density in bullfrogs, but the probiotic did not reduce these effects. Both compounds are not efficient at increasing survival rates, weight gain and neither immune response of animals. Thus, the use of commercial food additives may not have the favorable impact desired by the farmer. Their use in aquaculture should be further studied in experiments involving a longer trial period and taking into account the cost of their use.

Consecuencias de la violencia doméstica contra la mujer en el progreso escolar de los niños y niñas del Perú

OpenAIRE

Alcázar, Lorena; Ocampo, Diego

2016-01-01

La violencia contra la mujer es un gran problema que no solo tiene enormes consecuencias en las víctimas directas. Además, perturba todo el ámbito familiar, y atenta contra el desarrollo integral de los niños y las niñas. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), este estudio estima el efecto que tiene la violencia de género sobre la probabilidad de que los niños y las niñas repitan el año escolar. La violencia en el hogar genera un clima de tensión que impide e...

Terrorismo e contra-terrorismo na América do Sul : as políticas de segurança de Argentina, Colômbia e Peru

OpenAIRE

Poletto, Ricardo dos Santos

2009-01-01

Esta dissertação busca entender o fenômeno do terrorismo e contra-terrorismo espacialmente localizado na América do Sul por meio da análise paralela de três países: Argentina, Colômbia e Peru. Por meio do método comparado, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar as variáveis causais que incidem sobre a conformação de políticas contra-terrorismo no pós-Guerra Fria naquela região, tomando por base históricos de violência política, perfil da ameaça terrorista, aparato jurídicoinstitucional, opinião públ...

Actividad de la Unión Europea en materia de lucha contra el tabaquismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Calvete Oliva

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende ofrecer información respecto a las disposiciones adoptadas por la Unión Europea, tanto obligatorias como no obligatorias para sus Estados miembros, que de una u otra forma se relacionen con la lucha contra el tabaquismo. Para ello se hará una revisión de todas las que se han publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea desde la primera en el año 1986 hasta marzo de 2005, comentando los aspectos de cada una que tengan que ver con lo enunciado en el título.

Diseño de un sistema de vigilancia contra la violencia intrafamiliar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imilsy Delgado Matos

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación teórica, descriptiva y trasversal, con vistas a diseñar un sistema de vigilancia contra la violencia intrafamiliar en el área de salud "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014. Se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas, tales como entrevista formal e informal, observación no participante, observación indirecta y opinión de grupo de expertos. Entre las condiciones significativas predominantes figuraron: familias disfuncionales, baja escolaridad, hacinamiento y situación económica crítica; todo ello permitió profundizar en los elementos y factores de riesgo que influyeron en la génesis de la violencia

The politics of presidential illness. Ronald Reagan and the Iran-Contra Scandal.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Robert E

2014-01-01

This paper assesses the likelihood that the Iran-Contra scandal was shaped heavily by the effects of Ronald Reagan's cancer surgery in summer, 1985. During the President's hospitalization and in the period soon after, he took several actions--which he apparently did not remember--that launched a policy that was unwise, counterproductive, and a failure. These damaged both his Administration and his standing in history. The 25th Amendment afforded Reagan the means by which his involvement in these events could easily have been avoided. However, the President and his aides determined that he would resume the powers and duties of the presidency only hours after undergoing extensive cancer surgery. This decision contributed materially to the most damaging episode of Reagan's eight-year presidency.

A crise Armada Colômbia-Equador no contexto da Guerra contra o Terrorismo Internacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

TATIANA WAISBERG

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A recente crise armada entre Colômbia e Equador trouxe a América do Sul ao foco da mídia internacional. As FARC representam o maior barril de pólvora da América Latina, além de um determinante ator a ser combatido na luta contra o terrorismo internacional. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca analisar, sob o prisma da segurança e do direito internacional o papel das FARC em âmbito global e as maneiras segundo as quais elas são combatidas.

Estudio de inmunogenicidad para dos vacunas recombinantes contra hepatitis B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Juliao

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio compara la inmunogenicidad (seroconversión, seroprotección e Hiperrespuesta, producida por dos vacunas recombinantes contra la hepatitis B (Engerix-B de Bélgica y Cubana, en dos esquemas (012 y 016 meses, empleando los métodos de cuantificación para Anti-HBsAg (Abbott y Organón, los cuales fueron también comparados. En el estudio participaron 257 voluntarios,  divididos al azar en 4 grupos (dos vacunas, dos esquemas. Resultados: los dos métodos de Abbon y Organon, no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas. La vacuna cubana muestra una mayor respuesta inmunogénica para dos dosis de vacuna y para el esquema 012. No hay diferencia entre los esquemas 012 y 016 y en el esquema 016 no se ven diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la vacuna Engerix-B. En esta Última el esquema 016 muestra mejores resultados que el 012.

The Cracow’s pious laymen or Beghard heretics? From the study on the 14th century Tractatus contra beghardos by Henryk Harrer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz Gałuszka

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Tractatus contra beghardos written by a Chech Dominican Henryk Harrer is a masterpiece of exceptional value for both historians of the medieval heterodox movements as well as for scholars interested in the history of theology and law in the 14th century. The treaty was commissioned by Cracow Dominicans in the years 1328 to 1334. Commissioning the treaty to Henryk Harrer, a stranger expert from the Prague monastery of St. Clemens was dictated by a series of controversies among Cracow clergy around the judgement of conduct of a certain group of people whose religious practices and a way of life stood out from the rest of the congregation. Undertaking the task of writing the treaty Henryk Harrer based his work around three charges pressed against the suspected of heresy: breaking off the Church and establishing an illegal organization (singularitas vite; corrupted attitude towards recognized religious practices (contemptibilitas sacramenti eucharistiae; numerous flaws and perverse disposition (pertinax voluntas. Not only did Harrer decide to comment on all aspects of life of central figures of Contra beghardos but he also honestly mentioned all arguments he was not able to undermine. Despite these objective difficulties, the Czech Dominican was certain that the expertise he came up with was sufficient to link the lay movement with the sect of Beghard Heretics. The author of this study proved that, contrary to Harrer’s keen intention, his Tractatus contra beghardos does not unambiguously show heresy in the Cracow diocese. What is more, the reader, instead of indictment against the conduct of a group of laymen paradoxically received a confirmation of their innocence and orthodoxy. In the light of analysis of the text Contra beghardos, the claim that Beghard Heretics from Harrer’s work turn out to be pious layman, living in communion with the Church, seems to be fully substantiated. Of course their way of life and the practice of asceticism made

Vaccines against dengue: a review of current candidate vaccines at advanced development stages Vacunas contra el dengue: una revisión de las vacunas candidatas en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo

OpenAIRE

Joachim Hombach

2007-01-01

Los esfuerzos sistemáticos para desarrollar una vacuna contra el dengue comenzaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, inspirados en el desarrollo exitoso de una vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla. Sin embargo, la falta de modelos adecuados de la enfermedad, la información incompleta acerca de los mecanismos patogénicos y los insuficientes incentivos económicos han dificultado los avances. Debido al impacto actual del dengue en todo el mundo y su explosiva diseminación, ha aumentado el interés e...

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores de sangre del IMSS, Orizaba, Veracruz, México

OpenAIRE

Ramos-Ligonio Angel; Ramírez-Sánchez Michaía Elián; González-Hernández Juan Carlos; Rosales-Encina José Luis; López-Monteon Aracely

2006-01-01

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores del Hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la ciudad de Orizaba, Veracruz. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se examinaron muestras de donadores del banco de sangre del Hospital General Regional (HGRO) del IMSS para la búsqueda de antiT. cruzi por ELISA, Western blot e IFI, utilizando una proteína recombinante (MBP::Hsp70) y un extracto crudo de epimastigotes. Las muestras fueron o...

Los espejos no afectan de manera crónica variables psicológicas en mujeres que realizan un programa de entrenamiento contra resistencia o actividades pasivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isaura Castillo Hernández

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El propósito del estudio fue examinar el efecto crónico de la presencia de espejos en el entorno en el que se realiza ejercicio contra resistencia o actividades pasivas, sobre variables psicológicas de ansiedad fisicosocial (AFS, consciencia corporal objetivada (inspección corporal, IPC; vergüenza corporal, VC; y creencias de control de la apariencia, CCA; y sobre algunas variables de la imagen corporal, como la satisfacción con las partes del cuerpo (SPC, la silueta actual, la silueta deseada, y la satisfacción corporal (SC. Participaron 52 mujeres (promedio de edad 22,6 ± 8,21 años, quienes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos experimentales: a 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70 % de 1 Repetición Máxima (1RM con espejo, b 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70  % de 1RM sin espejo, c 25 min de actividades pasivas con espejo y d 25 min. de actividades pasivas sin espejo. Las participantes realizaron una sesión semanal de tratamiento, durante seis semanas. No se encontraron interacciones dobles o triples importantes. Las pruebas de ANOVA revelaron efectos principales de la medición sobre la inspección corporal (p = 0,04, sobre la silueta deseada (p ≤ 0,001 y sobre la SC (p < 0,05; y del ejercicio sobre la silueta actual (p = 0,03. Se concluye que no se observa un efecto crónico de un programa de ejercicios contra resistencia o de actividades pasivas realizadas por mujeres en variables psicológicas cuando el ejercicio o las actividades se realizan en un contexto con y sin espejos.

Análisis del fenómeno de la violencia contra los ancianos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celín Pérez Nájera

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre el impacto social de la violencia contra los ancianos, desde la óptica criminológica. En el trabajo se utilizó como método investigativo el enfoque dialéctico-materialista de la realidad, que facilitó el engranaje de toda la investigación en diferentes etapas. Las valoraciones generalizadoras y sistematizadoras se elaboraron desde los enfoques modelativo y sistémico-estructural. Luego de analizar la diversidad de conceptos de violencia, se estableció una definición desde una formación social e histórica; existen dos principios que distinguen sus características: uno que la concibe como un fenómeno de carácter social y el teórico-ecológico, que consiste en el empleo de la fuerza física, económica o política, e implica el abuso de poder cómo único método para resolver el conflicto. Así mismo, se examinó el comportamiento de la violencia contra los ancianos en diversos países: España, Estados Unidos, Perú, Brasil, Panamá, Argentina, Colombia, Chile y Cuba. En general, son alarmantes las cifras de incidencia del fenómeno. De igual forma, en Cuba crece la victimización sobre los ancianos. Se aprecia como manifestación fundamental la violencia psicológica o emocional. Aunque existen mecanismos de denuncia, falta de divulgación y sistematicidad de acciones, que permitan enfrentar la incidencia de este mal social, que afecta a dicho grupo de riesgo de la violencia.

Desarrollo de una técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia "Westernblot" para la detección de anticuerpos contra componentes proteínicos de Salmonella Typhi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Guzmán Urrego

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Desde su desarrollo la lnmunoelectrotransferencia (INMET ha sido una herramienta útil en biología molecular así como también en el diagnóstico de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas. Tradicionalniente la demostración de anticuerpos contra Salmonella typhi, se ha enfocado hacia la detección de aquellos, que se producen contra lipopolisacáridos, especialmente los que se relacionan con el antígeno somático "0". Pero pocos trabajos, se han realizado para la detección de anticuerpos contra otros antígenos tales como proteínas protoplasmáticas. Este trabajo intenta demostrar si tales anticuerpos se producen en conejos inmunizados experimentalmente, así como también en voluntarios vacunados contra la fiebre Tifoidea con lavacuna oral (cepa Ty21a. El antígeno preparado y purificado a partir de una cepa de Salmonella typhi, fue suspendido en una solución tampón y sonicado para obtener sus productos celulares; de esta manera y con la adecuada concentración de proteínas fue separado en gel de poliacrilamida en sus diferentes fracciones antigénicas y luego transferidos a membranas de nitrocelulosa en donde por medio de reacción inmunoenzimática, se visualizó la banda característica, al poner en contacto la membrana con el antisuero hiperinmune obtenido en conejos (Modelo Experimental y el suero de voluntarios antes y después de la inmunización (Modelo  Humano. La banda visualizada correspondió a un peso aproximado de 38.000 kd. Trece de los voluntarios (32.5%, presentaron esta misma banda antes de la inmunización, la cual, aunque más tenue, representó un complejo antígeno-anticuerpo, lo cual, induce a pensar en un posible contacto con el microorganismo en el pasado. La posibilidad de la reacción cruzada se descartó realizando el mismo procedimiento con lisados de Escherichia coli.

Anterior cingulate cortex is crucial for contra- but not ipsi-lateral electro-acupuncture in the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model of rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xing Guo-Gang

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA are now widely used to treat disorders like pain. We and others have shown previously that current frequency, intensity and treatment duration all significantly influence the anti-nociceptive effects of EA. There is evidence that stimulating sites also affect the antinociception, with EA applied ipsilaterally to the pain site being more effective under some pain states but contralateral EA under others. It was recently reported that local adenosine A1 receptors were responsible for ipsilateral acupuncture, but what mechanisms specifically mediate the anti-nociceptive effects of contralateral acupuncture or EA remains unclear. In the present study, we applied 100 Hz EA on the ipsi- or contra-lateral side of rats with inflammatory pain induced by intra-plantar injection of formalin, and reported distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between them. Both ipsi- and contra-lateral EA reduced the paw lifting time in the second phase of the formalin test and attenuated formalin-induced conditioned place aversion. Contralateral EA had an additional effect of reducing paw licking time, suggesting a supraspinal mechanism. Lesions of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC completely abolished the anti-nociceptive effects of contra- but not ipsi-lateral EA. These findings were not lateralized effects, since injection of formalin into the left or right hind paws produced similar results. Overall, these results demonstrated distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between different stimulating sides and implied the necessity of finding the best stimulating protocols for different pain states.

Activismo cívico digital en Rumanía: La comunidad de Facebook en las protestas on-line contra Chevron

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis cuantitativo de las auto-representaciones de dos comunidades rumanas en Facebook durante las protestas on-line y off-line en contra del «fracking» en Rumanía. En 2013 los rumanos comenzaron a protestar contra las explotaciones de gas del gigante energético norteamericano Chevron en la aldea de Pungesti. Este movimiento de resistencia pasó, en poco más de un mes, de ser una herramienta de movilización rural a una de alcance nacional cuyo objetivo era ayudar a los campesinos afectados por las explotaciones de gas planificadas por Chevron. Dado que el óptimo grado de implicación on-line para pasar a una participación off-line depende mucho de las prácticas informativas, consideramos que un análisis de textos publicados en Facebook reflejará si éstos son compatibles y relevantes para los manifestantes. Nuestra premisa teórica está basada en la teoría del encuadre en movimientos sociales e informa nuestro análisis de contenido comparativo de los textos de dos comunidades rumanas de Facebook desde octubre de 2013 hasta febrero de 2014. En el trabajo se identifican las estrategias de encuadre verbal y visual, y los marcos de acción colectiva utilizados para formar la identidad de estas comunidades on-line. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el predominio de «la lucha por la tierra» como principal marco de acción colectiva, seguido del «conflicto» y la «solidaridad», e indican la preeminencia de fotos y archivos de vídeo como recursos de encuadre de relevancia cultural y como pruebas del activismo fuera de Internet en contra del «fracking» en Rumanía.

Efeito de Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham. & Schltdl. (Guttiferae sobre contrações em íleo isolado de cobaio induzidas por diferentes agonistas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alice F. Viana

Full Text Available Na última década, o gênero Hypericum ganhou repercussão mundial devido à utilização de Hypericum perforatum para obtenção de medicamentos antidepressivos. Por esta razão, a maioria dos estudos com outras espécies do gênero centra-se nesta atividade. Porém, um dos usos populares de espécies de Hypericum nativas do sul do Brasil é no tratamento de problemas gastrintestinais, inclusive como antiespasmódico. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de uma das espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, H. caprifoliatum, sobre as contrações induzidas por agonistas em íleo isolado de cobaio. Foi investigado o efeito de um extrato ciclo-hexano purificado (isento de clorofila e ceras, nas concentrações de 1, 3, 10 e 30 mg/mL, sobre curvas cumulativas de acetilcolina, histamina, potássio e serotonina (10-7 a 10-4 M. Na concentração de 30 mg/mL o extrato inibiu totalmente as contrações induzidas por todos os agonistas. Na concentração de 10 mg/mL, o extrato apresentou efeito antagonista não-competitivo de serotonina, reduzindo a contração máxima induzida por serotonina em cerca de 50 %. A resposta contrátil aos outros mediadores não foi alterada. Estes resultados indicam que espécies de Hypericum do sul do Brasil podem ser uma perspectiva interessante na busca de moléculas com atividade sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal.

Formative research to shape HPV vaccine introduction strategies in Peru Investigación formativa relacionada con el diseño de estrategias para introducir la vacuna contra el VPH en Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosario M Bartolini

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To understand the sociocultural environment, health systems' capacities, and policy processes related to cervical cancer and HPV vaccines in order to inform HPV vaccine introduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mixed-method formative research using qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Participants included girls, parents, community leaders, health and education officials, and policymakers. RESULTS: Respondents, including policymakers, generally supported HPV vaccine introduction, due partly to appreciation for the benefits of vaccination and the desire to prevent cancer. Community-level concerns regarding safety and quality of services will need to be addressed. The immunization system in Peru is strong and has capacity for including the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION: Formative research provides key insights to help shape an effective program for HPV vaccine introduction.OBJETIVO: Comprender el contexto sociocultural, las capacidades del sistema de salud y las condiciones políticas vinculadas al cáncer cervical y a la vacuna contra el VPH para diseñar una estrategia apropiada de introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación formativa usando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los participantes incluyeron niños, padres, líderes, funcionarios del sector salud y educación, y diseñadores de políticas. RESULTADOS: Generalmente se apoya la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH, dado que se aprecian los beneficios de la vacunación y se desea prevenir el cáncer. En la comunidad se encontraron preocupaciones sobre seguridad, confianza y calidad de atención. El sistema de inmunizaciones en el Perú es eficiente y tiene la capacidad para incluir la vacuna contra el VPH. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación formativa permite comprender elementos clave que ayudan a diseñar un programa efectivo para la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH.

Optimization Correction Strength Using Contra Bending Technique without Anterior Release Procedure to Achieve Maximum Correction on Severe Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Adult scoliosis is defined as a spinal deformity in a skeletally mature patient with a Cobb angle of more than 10 degrees in the coronal plain. Posterior-only approach with rod and screw corrective manipulation to add strength of contra bending manipulation has correction achievement similar to that obtained by conventional combined anterior release and posterior approach. It also avoids the complications related to the thoracic approach. We reported a case of 25-year-old male adult idiopathic scoliosis with double curve. It consists of main thoracic curve of 150 degrees and lumbar curve of 89 degrees. His curve underwent direct contra bending posterior approach using rod and screw corrective manipulation technique to achieve optimal correction. After surgery the main thoracic Cobb angle becomes 83 degrees and lumbar Cobb angle becomes 40 degrees, with 5 days length of stay and less than 800 mL blood loss during surgery. There is no complaint at two months after surgery; he has already come back to normal activity with good functional activity.

Menores Expuestos a Violencia contra la Pareja: Notas para una Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Atenciano Jiménez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se ha estimado en 188.000 la cifra de niñas y niños expuestos a violencia contra la pareja en España. Las investigaciones indican que esta población presenta a corto y largo plazo dificultades emocionales y conductuales, y síntomas de trauma, asociados a los malos tratos contra sus madres, ejercidos durante la relación de pareja y tras la finalización de la misma. Además, un porcentaje elevado de estos menores sufren también maltrato físico, psicológico y sexual. Se presentan las principales conclusiones, basadas en la investigación científica en lengua inglesa, acerca de las consecuencias de la exposición en los menores, de los maltratadores como padres, y de las mujeres maltratadas como madres. A partir de la evidencia existente sobre esta población, se plantea un marco para la intervención clínica, y se discute su estatus de víctimas secundarias/indirectas, la necesidad de estadísticas e intervenciones.

El programa nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual y su impacto en la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Perú, período 2003-2009

OpenAIRE

Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica

2012-01-01

El presente estudio de investigación tiene por objetivo probar que a través de la intervención con una gestión de resultados del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, del Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social, se contribuye en la reducción de la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Per˙, en el periodo 2004-2009. Teniendo como fuente de datos la información oficial del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, para los periodos 2003 ...

A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E A LUDICIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL CONTRA CRUELDADE ANIMAL E VIOLÊNCIA INTERPESSOAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Cortes Beretta

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A crueldade contra animais coexiste habitualmente com uma vasta gama de outros problemas (violência interpessoal, comportamento anti-social, bullying, etc. e pode ser identificada em crianças com idade inferior aos sete anos. A violência contra animais reflete diretamente na violência doméstica e interpessoale a crueldade contra seres indefesos e emocionalmente dependentes é parte de um ciclo insidioso de agressão. A formação de consciência crítica e individual se faz necessária nas etapas iniciais de vida do ser humano, portanto deve-se reconhecer e assumir que a criança é um ser social que constrói e cria cultura. O uso do lúdico através de jogos, teatros e brinquedos, é instrumento eficaz no desenvolvimento do pensamento e da autonomia infantil. Por isso, objetivou-se, através da ludicidade, que o público infantil aprendesse e transmitisse de forma adequada e segura, que os animais têm sentimentos; e que atos de crueldades contra eles não devem ser feitos ou repetidos. As atividades foram desenvolvidas de agosto de 2014 a novembro de 2015, nas cidades de Mineiros e Jataí, Goiás, Brasil. Foram realizadas ações pedagógicas aplicadas, como teatro, cantiga, cartilha educativa, brincadeiras interativas com massa de modelar e quebra-cabeça. Com a realização do projeto notou-se o interesse das crianças em aprender, transmitir a mensagem a seus familiares e, principalmente, colocar em prática o conhecimento adquirido por meio da dinâmica realizada. Como retorno, observou-se que a maneira lúdica e educativa foi eficiente em despertar o interesse das crianças contra a crueldade animal, quebrando neste caso o ciclo insidioso de violência. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, bem estar animal, sensibilização, ensino fundamental.   The university extension and ludicity in early childhood education against animal cruelty and interpersonal violence Abstract: Animal cruelty usually coexists with other

Counterintuitive publicity and the rebound effect A publicidade contra-intuitiva e o efeito ricochete

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Leite

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Counterintuitive publicity and the rebound effect — This paper shares with the reader some conceptual ideas of counterintuitive advertising, observing its possible effects on the reevaluation and deconstruction of beliefs and social stereotypes in the cognitive make-up of the viewer. The ironic rebound effect is singled out among the probable reflexes, according to the theory propounded by Daniel M. Wegner. This theory is applied taking as an example Fiat's commercial "The Driver", which was part of an advertising campaign in Brazil called "Review your concepts" to introduce its new Palio 2002 car model. The authors are currently engaged in a laboratory experiment to measure the above described theory in a consistent manner. O propósito deste artigo é compartilhar com o leitor algumas noções conceituais de publicidade contra-intuitiva e observar seus possíveis efeitos na reavaliação, desconstrução de crenças e estereótipos sociais, na estrutura cognitiva do indivíduo receptor. Destaca-se entre os reflexos provavelmente gerados o irônico efeito ricochete, segundo a teoria desenvolvida por Daniel M. Wegner. A aplicação para se discutir o cruzamento da narrativa contra-intuitiva e o efeito ricochete será, neste primeiro momento, pela exemplificação do filme Motorista, peça integrante da campanha publicitária da Fiat do Brasil "Reveja seus conceitos", para o lançamento do automóvel Palio 2002. Um experimento laboratorial está sendo desenvolvido pelos autores para se mensurar de maneira consistente a apresentação teórico-conceitual exposta.

Publicidad Contra la Violencia: Un Estudio de Recepción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Elena Giraldo Villegas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Recientemente se ha estado emitiendo en la televisión nacional de Colombia spots publicitarios generalmente conocidos como mensajes institucionales cuyos contenidos van en contra de las distintas formas de violencia, lo cual marca el inicio de campañas que incentivan la tolerancia y la convivencia pacífica. No obstante, es necesario conocer el resultado de esos mensajes, si han logrado su propósito, y si existe indiferencia ante la violencia real de los telespectadores. La emisión de estos spots pone de relieve la situación que el país ha vivido durante más de 50 años, sumido en la violencia guerrillera, paramilitar y de otras índoles, y se presume que estos mensajes deben propiciar una cultura ciudadana, una política de la inclusión con tolerancia, y facilitar escenarios de reconciliación familiar. El artículo se propone describir los diferentes impactos que generaron cuatro spots emitidos por Telecaribe, los cuales trataron de mostrar la violencia ejercida en niños-as, mujeres, ancianos-as y discapacitados, y en hombres adultos de las comunas 5 y 6 de la ciudad de Santa Marta.Palabras Clave: Publicidad contra la violencia; estudios de recepción; spots publicitarios; impacto; videos; constructivismo; cultura; cotidianidad; reconocimiento. Advertising violence: A Study of ReceptionAbstractRecently, publicity spots generally known as institutional messages with contents against the different forms of violence have been emitted in national television. This marks the beginning of campaigns that encourage tolerance and pacific coexistence. However, it’s necessary to know the result of those messages, if they have achieved their purpose, and if there is any indifference before the audience’s real violence. The broadcast of these spots highlights the country’s situation throughout more than 50 years of guerilla, paramilitary and other sources of violence; and it is presumed to propitiate tolerance culture, peace or civic culture

Cobre antimicrobiano contra patógenos intrahospitalarios en Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edwin Neciosup

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH constituyen un problema de salud pública que generan grandes gastos por parte de los gobiernos, debido a que los patógenos causantes de IIH presentan resistencia a fármacos y generan una mayor permanencia de los pacientes, pues la infraestructura hospitalaria constituye un reservorio favorable para los patógenos. Las superficies de cobre surgen como opción sanitaria y efectiva para controlar el crecimiento y propagación de estos patógenos. Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre contra los principales bacterias patógenas causantes de IIH (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus. Diseño: Estudio experimental con muestreo no probabilístico. Lugar: Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes (HRDLM y Hospital Provincial Docente Belén (HPDB, Lambayeque, Perú. Materiales: Nueve cepas bacterianas, 3 de E. coli , 3 de P. aeruginosa y 3 de S. aureus; superficies metálicas (1 cm² de cobre y acero inoxidable (control . Intervenciones: Las 9 cepas bacterianas fueron proporcionadas por los hospitales HRDLM (4 cepas y HPDB (5 cepas. Los análisis de ANOVA y de Tukey fueron aplicados para evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre y acero inoxidable contra las 9 cepas causantes de IIH, usando los programas estadísticos Minitab y Sigmaplot, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: Diferencias en el crecimiento bacteriano sobre superficies de cobre o acero inoxidable, con respecto al tiempo de exposición. Resultados: Las 9 cepas -3 de P. aeruginosa, 3 de E. coli y 3 de S. aureus - expuestas a superficies de cobre fueron eliminadas en 10, 15 y 60 minutos, respectivamente. La carga bacteriana de las células expuestas en superficies de acero inoxidable permaneció constante y viable por periodos mayores a 60 minutos. Además, las superficies de cobre eliminaron más rápido a las bacterias Gram negativas (P

Vectores recombinantes basados en el virus Vaccinia modificado de Ankara (MVA) como vacunas contra la leishmaniasis

OpenAIRE

Pérez Jiménez, Eva; Larraga, Vicente; Esteban, Mariano

2005-01-01

Vectores recombinantes basados en el virus vaccinia modificado de Ankara (MVA) como vacunas contra la leishmaniasis. Los vectores de la invención contienen secuencias codificantes de la proteína LACK, preferentemente insertadas en el locus de hemaglutinina del virus y bajo el control de un promotor que permite su expresión a lo largo del ciclo de infección del virus. Son vectores seguros, estables, que dan lugar a una potente respuesta inmune que confiere protección frente a la leishmaniasis,...

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER E A PRÁTICA ASSISTENCIAL NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ethel Bastos da Silva

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se ha buscado conocer y analizar las concepciones de profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia, con relación a la violencia contra la mujer y a la práctica asistencial, por medio de la Pesquisa Participante desarrollada en una ciudad ubicada en la región noroeste del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Participaron treinta profesionales en ocho reuniones que se constituyeron de un proceso de reflexión y aprendizaje durante los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2012. Los datos fueron analizados por contenido temático. Los profesionales comprenden que la violencia contra la mujer existe debido a la jerarquía en las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en que se le confiere más poder al hombre, situación que lo legitima a practicar dicha violencia. La práctica asistencial parte de una concepción biológica del problema con tendencia a la social. Los cuidados se dirigen hacia el tratamiento de la lesión física, escucha, orientación a la denuncia y encaminamiento a los sectores especializados de salud y asistencia social.

Resultados de la Policía Nacional en la lucha contra el crimen, 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ervyn Norza Céspedes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo contiene la descripción de los resultados obtenidos por la Policía Nacional en el desarrollo de estrategias orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y la convivencia ciudadana en Colombia durante el 2011, entre los cuales están las capturas por todos los delitos consagrados en el Código Penal, el rescate de personas secuestradas, la desactivación de artefactos explosivos, la recuperación de vehículos y la incautación y recuperación de mercancía, entre otras actividades de repercusión nacional e internacional en la lucha contra el crimen.

La lucha contra la violencia escolar y su prevención

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús María Martínez García

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El artículo parte de la noticia de la puesta en marcha de la segunda fase del plan francés contra la violencia escolar para compararla con la situación en nuestro país. En Francia, se han adoptado una serie de medidas represivas que son las que han tenido más eco en nuestro país, olvidándonos de las de tipo educativo o pedagógico. En España podemos hablar de indisciplina más que de violencia, que resulta excepcional. Los casos más frecuentes de indisciplina ocurren en la ESO. Los profesores de secundaria se quejan con frecuencia de la indisciplina de su alumnado. La educación para la paz puede ser eficaz como elemento preventivo de la violencia escolar, siempre que parta de la realidad del aula.

El papel de la prensa norteamericana en la Guerra contra Irak

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Escobar Giraldo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La objetividad periodística resultó herida de gravedad en la guerra contra Irak. Estados Unidos planeó su guerra desde todos los frentes y uno de ellos fue el informativo. Ante la presión de los grandes medios de comunicación, el gobierno aceptó, contrario a lo que sucedió en la guerra del Golfo Pérsico, que un grupo de periodistas acompañara a las tropas, pero sometidos a ciertas reglas con las cuales, aparentemente, no se coartaba la libertad de expresión, pero sí había ciertas condiciones que a la larga limitaban la cobertura. El pueblo norteamericano terminó viendo una guerra diferente a la que se observó en otros países, una guerra de un solo bando, en la que primó el patriotismo frente a la verdad de la información.

El proceso de estructuración de mecanismos de cooperación bilateral : consideraciones para la lucha contra la trata de personas a partir del caso peruano-ecuatoriano

OpenAIRE

Galdos Frisancho, Melina Alejandra

2016-01-01

En la última década, el Perú ha respondido a las demandas del Régimen Internacional contra la Trata de Personas a través del diseño e implementación de medidas para prevenir, reprimir y sancionar este delito y sus formas de explotación. Dentro de este marco, Ecuador, a diferencia del resto de países de vecinos, se ha convertido en el país con el que más se ha avanzado en lo que respecta a la construcción de una agenda bilateral contra la trata de personas. Esta agenda común no parecería respo...

Recomendación sobre la vacuna contra la tosferina para los preadolescentes y adolescentes(Whooping Cough Vaccine Recommendation for Preteens and Teens)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast proporciona información acerca de la tosferina y la recomendación de que todos los preadolescentes reciban la vacuna Tdap a los 11 o 12 años para ayudar a protegerlos contra esta grave enfermedad.

Desarrollo de una vacuna profiláctica de segunda generación contra el papilomavirus humano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alonso Leonardo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Los papilomavirus humanos (HPV son el agente etiológico del cáncer cervical (CC, la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres. Se estima que medio millón de nuevos cánceres se diagnostica cada año, ocurriendo la mayoría de ellos en países en vías de desarrollo debido a la ausencia o ineficiencia de los programas masivos de detección temprana. Recientemente se han introducido en el mercado dos vacunas profilácticas contra las principales cepas oncogénicas de HPV, la cepa 16 y 18, responsables por el 80% de todos los CC. Estas vacunas se obtienen en forma recombinante y han demostrado ser extremadamente seguras y eficaces. Sin embargo, su impacto inmediato en la incidencia de la infección por HPV en países en vías de desarrollo será mínimo, debido principalmente al alto costo de las mismas. Existe la necesidad de contar con vacunas de segunda generación, de bajo costo y de aplicación masiva que permitan disminuir sensiblemente el número de CC en la población. Con este objetivo hemos desarrollado una plataforma de expresión recombinante que permite obtener partículas tipo virus (VLPs con las cuales es posible formular vacunas efectivas y accesibles contra la infección por HPV.

A enfermeira diplomada e a luta contra tuberculose no Brasil: 1961-1966 La enfermera diplomada y la lucha contra la tuberculosis en Brasil: 1961-1966 The registered nurse and the battle against tuberculosis in Brazil: 1961-1966

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hercília Regina do Amaral Montenegro

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objeto desse estudo é a reconfiguração do Serviço de Enfermagem do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, frente a uma nova política contra a tuberculose no Brasil. Objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias que ensejaram a implantação do novo Programa de Ação na Luta contra a Tuberculose no Brasil, e discutir as estratégias utilizadas pelas enfermeiras diplomadas do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, no Estado da Guanabara, para adequar a assistência de enfermagem ao novo programa de combate à tuberculose. Estudo histórico-social. Para sua elaboração, foi realizada pesquisa documental, entrevistas e depoimentos de enfermeiras da época. A análise do corpus documental, apoiada pelos conceitos de habitus, campo e poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu, se fez com base em documentos escritos, orais e fontes secundárias. Resultados: a reconfiguração do serviço de enfermagem se deu sob a liderança de uma enfermeira cujo capital simbólico lhe conferia poder e prestígio para implementar as mudanças necessárias. Pode-se concluir que a atuação dessa enfermeira possibilitou a implantação do novo programa, e contribuiu para demarcar o espaço e a importância da enfermeira diplomada na assistência aos acometidos de tuberculose, tanto nos aspectos de prevenção quanto nos de cura.El objeto de este estudio fue la reconfiguración del Servicio de Enfermería del Hospital Estatal Santa Maria, frente a una nueva política contra la tuberculosis en Brasil. Objetivos: describir las circunstancias que permitieron la implantación del nuevo Programa de Acción en la Lucha contra la Tuberculosis en Brasil, y discutir las estrategias utilizadas por las enfermeras diplomadas del Hospital Estatal Santa Maria, en el Estado de la Guanabara, para adecuar la asistencia de enfermería al nuevo programa de combate a la tuberculosis. Estudio histórico social. Para su elaboración, fueron realizadas una investigación documental y entrevistas/declaraciones de

O “CASO SIMONE ANDRÉ DINIZ” E A LUTA CONTRA O RACISMO ESTRUTURAL NO BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Lugon Arantes, Paulo de Tarso

2007-01-01

A discriminação racial no Brasil é um problema endêmico que permeia todas as suas instituições públicas e privadas. A decisão no caso Simone André Diniz, proferida pela Comissão Interamericana, representa um marco na luta contra a insensibilidade do judiciário às questões raciais no País. Este artigo tem o objetivo de traçar comentários à referida decisão, aportando as teorias do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, referente ao caso, para que se torne uma contribuição ao esclareciment...

Hombres violentos contra la pareja: ¿tienen un trastorno mental y requieren tratamiento psicológico?

OpenAIRE

Echeburúa, Enrique; Amor, Pedro Javier

2016-01-01

Hay muchas razones por las que los hombres maltratadores contra la pareja deben recibir tratamiento psicológico. En este artículo se analizan los transtornos más relevantes, tales como el abuso de alcohol/drogas, los celos patológicos y los transtornos de personalidad (antisocial, límite, narcisista y paranoide), así como los déficits psicológicos de estas personas, tales como el descontrol de la ira, las dificultades emocionales, las distorsiones cognitivas, la baja autoestima y los déficits...

De Auschwitz y Núremberg a Srebrenice y Darfur. La sexagenaria convención contra el genocidio.

OpenAIRE

Lerner, N. (Natan)

2008-01-01

El articulo analiza el efecto de la Convención contra el Genocidio a la luz de la experiencia de sus sesenta años de vigencia. Ese efecto no fue intenso, más que nada debido a falta de medidas para la puesta en practica del tratado. Pero la Convención ha sido ampliamente ratificada -137 Estados lo hicieron hasta hoy— y ha contribuido a un progreso del Derecho Penal Internacional, traducido en la creación de tribunales especiales, para los crimenes cometidos en la ex Yugoslav...

Trastornos de personalidad y psicopatía en hombres condenados por violencia grave contra la pareja

OpenAIRE

Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Echeburúa, Enrique

2008-01-01

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un estudio de las alteraciones de personalidad (trastornos de personalidad y psicopatía) asociadas a los maltratadores a la mujer que se encuentran en prisión. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 76 hombres condenados por un delito de violencia grave contra la pareja, que cumplimentaron el MCMI-II antes de comenzar dentro de la prisión un programa de tratamiento para la violencia. Asimismo todos los participantes fueron evaluados de forma heteroaplicada medi...

Avances en el desarrollo de vacunas contra la neosporosis bovina Advances in the development of vaccines for bovine neosporosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanina P. Hecker

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La neosporosis es una enfermedad que ocasiona abortos en bovinos y está causada por un protozoo intracelular obligado denominado Neospora caninum. Las graves pérdidas económicas que provoca en los sistemas de producción de bovinos justifica la necesidad de avanzar en el desarrollo de vacunas. La resistencia a parásitos Apicomplexa está asociada a una respuesta inmune T helper 1 mediada por linfocitos T CD4 citotóxicos y a la producción de interferón-gamma, interleuquina-12, factor de necrosis tumoral e inmunoglobulina G2. La disminución de la transmisión vertical en las sucesivas preñeces y el bajo nivel de repetición de abortos en animales infectados sugieren la existencia de mecanismos inmunitarios de protección. Hasta el momento se conoce que la inoculación pre-servicio con taquizoítos vivos protege contra la infección y el aborto. Los antecedentes de desarrollo de vacunas vivas contra otros protozoos estimulan a los investigadores a continuar en la búsqueda de una vacuna de este tipo contra N. caninum de buena eficacia. Por otra parte, una vacuna inactivada, aun con una baja eficacia, es útil en la prevención del aborto en aquellos establecimientos donde la enfermedad es epizoótica. Una vacuna contra la neosporosis debería evitar el aborto, la transmisión transplacental y la persistencia de la infección. Este trabajo menciona los diversos tipos de vacunas que han sido evaluados hasta el momento, incluyendo inmunógenos inactivos, taquizoítos vivos, antígenos recombinantes y vacunas en vectores.Neosporosis, a disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Neospora caninum, produces abortions in cattle. The severe economic losses in cattle industry justify the need to develop control measures for preventing bovine abortion. Apicomplexan parasitic resistance is associated with T helper 1 immune response mediated by CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra leptospira en población urbana humana y canina del departamento del tolima

OpenAIRE

Romero, Marlyn H.; Sánchez, Jorge A.; Hayek, Linda C.

2012-01-01

Objetivo Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp. y los serovares dominantes, en población urbana humana y canina de tres municipios del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico trasversal con selección de sujetos por conveniencia en 62 barrios. Se obtuvieron muestras de 850 personas.y 850 caninos durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto de 2007, las cuales fueron procesadas utilizando la prueba de microaglutinaci...

Associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher e infecção por HIV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres e a infecção ou suspeita de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados de questionários aplicados face-a-face e de prontuários médicos de 2.780 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em unidades do sistema único de saúde da Grande São Paulo, SP, em 2001-2002. As mulheres foram categorizadas em: usuárias em tratamento por serem "soropositivas para o HIV", com "suspeita de HIV" e aquelas que procuraram os serviços por outros motivos. A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres na vida foi categorizada por gravidade e recorrência dos episódios de violência. A associação com o desfecho foi testada pelo modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e ajustada por variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 59,8%. Sofrer violência reiterada e grave apresentou maior associação de infecção confirmada pelo HIV (RP = 1,91. A violência independente da gravidade e da recorrência dos episódios apresentou maior associação para a suspeita de infecção por HIV (RP = 1,29. CONCLUSÕES: A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres tem papel relevante nas situações de suspeita e confirmação da infecção pelo HIV, sendo essencial incluir sua detecção, controle e prevenção como parte da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres.

Obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales de ratón contra proteasa de cisteína 5 recombinante de Entamoeba histolytica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juanita Trejos S.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Obtener anticuerpos monoclonales de ratón contra la proteasas de cisteína 5 (EhCP5 de Entamoeba histolytica. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron ratones BALB/c por vía intraperitoneal con adyuvante de Freund completo e incompleto con la proteína recombinante EhCP5 obtenida a partir del cultivo de E.coli DH5α trasfectada con el vector recombinante pJC45 que expresa dicha proteína. Se seleccionó el animal con mejor respuesta de anticuerpos. Al cual se le extrajo su bazo como fuente de linfocitos B, los cuales se fusionaron utilizando PEG con células de mieloma de ratón SP2-0/Ag14. Se procedió a selección de los hibridomas y a la evaluación de los sobrenadantes de las colonias que crecieron a los 7 días mediante ELISA. Los hibridomas con valores más altos de anticuerpos específicos contra la proteína EhCP5r se seleccionaron, y los clones obtenidos por diluciones limitantes fueron expandidos. Resultados. A partir de un clon secretor estable se purifico el anticuerpo monoclonal anti EhCP5r del isotipo IgG1 por cromatografía de afinidad con proteína G. Los clones fueron expandidos in vivo e in vitro. Con el anticuerpo purificado se diseñaron tres sistemas de captura para evaluar la aplicabilidad del anticuerpo monoclonal anti EhCP5r como método inmunodiagnóstico. Conclusiones. Se logro la producción de un anticuerpo monoclonal específico contra EhCP5r que permite diferenciar Entamoeba histolytica de Entamoeba dispar.

INNOVAR CONTRA LA CORRIENTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo del Valle

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Experiencias en un país en desarrollo: tres empresas proveedoras de la minería construyen capacidades de innovar Alfredo del Valle, Eduardo Abarzúa, Fernando Contreras Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado VER VERSIÓN ON LINE Santiago de Chile Este libro da a conocer una experiencia singular sobre el desarrollo de capacidades de innovación empresarial en un país en desarrollo. Se titula 'Innovar contra la Corriente' porque la experiencia se ha producido en el medio adverso a la innovación que caracteriza a estos países. Nuestra cultura dificulta y entorpece la innovación. La del mundo desarrollado, en cambio, la favorece y la estimula a todos los niveles. Solo podremos desarrollarnos si emprendemos la tarea clave de construir una nueva cultura, que promueva y apoye la innovación en cada empresa, en cada política pública y en la sociedad entera. Es una tarea ardua, porque exige enfrentar las culturas actuales y las prácticas asociadas a ellas, que nos rigen y nos condicionan en todos los planos sin que seamos conscientes de aquello. La experiencia se realizó en tres empresas chilenas -ARA WorleyParsons (ingeniería, Drillco Tools (herramientas de perforación y Enaex Servicios (servicios de explosión controlada- en conjunto con la Universidad Alberto Hurtado, que aportó la metodología: el Modelo de Innovación Participativa. Las culturas y sus prácticas son fruto de procesos de aprendizaje en la acción. Ellas no se transforman con simples tareas de capacitación o comunicación ni con eventos de impacto emocional, como suele proponerse, sino que requieren de procesos más profundos de movilización de personas y conocimientos, para la creación de valor y la creación organizacional. Esta experiencia ha tenido como rasgos distintivos su atención al carácter propio del mundo no desarrollado, su metodología sistémica y participativa, y un dispositivo de observación crítica del modelo utilizado, así como del proceso en las

An Integrative Biosensor Based on Contra-Directional Coupling Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao-Yu, Mao; Di-Bi, Yao; Ling-Yun, Zhao; Yi-Dong, Huang; Wei, Zhang; Jiang-De, Peng

2008-01-01

We propose an integrative biochemical sensor utilizing the dip in the transmission spectrum of a normal single-line defect photonic crystal (PC) waveguide, which has a contra-directional coupling with another PC waveguide. When the air holes in the PC slab are filled with a liquid analyte with different refractive indices, the dip has a wavelength shift By detecting the output power variation at a certain fixed wavelength, a sensitivity of 1.2 × 10 −4 is feasible. This structure is easy for integration due to its plane waveguide structure and omissible pump source. In addition, high signal to noise ratio can be expected because signal transmits via a normal single-line defect PC waveguide instead of the PC hole area or analyte

A lei contra a tortura no Brasil, a construção do conceito de “crime de lesa-humanidade” e os paradoxos da punição criminal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Thorstensen Possas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata da construção e utilização da distinção entre crimes contra a humanidade e crimes ordinários para fazer referência a duas “categorias” ou “tipos” de crimes, segundo os entrevistados da pesquisa: os crimes contra a humanidade seriam aqueles que violam diretamente ou de uma maneira especialmente agressiva os direitos humanos e os crimes ordinários ou comuns seriam todos os que não agridem diretamente os direitos humanos.  O conteúdo do texto foi extraído de tese de doutorado, realizada no Canadá, na Universidade de Ottawa, cujo tema de pesquisa é a criação legislativa em matéria criminal, especificamente a criação da lei contra a tortura no Brasil (Lei nº 9.455/97. Do ponto de vista empírico, o artigo se concentra na análise das entrevistas realizadas com políticos e militantes de direitos humanos que participaram direta ou indiretamente da produção da lei.

Educação contra a exclusão: trabalho infantil e abandono escolar: uma realidade entre dois mundos

OpenAIRE

Mateus, Maria do Nascimento Esteves; Ribeiro, Maria do Céu

2009-01-01

Este trabalho subordinado ao tema “Educação Contra A Exclusão - Trabalho Infantil e Abandono Escolar: Uma Realidade Entre Dois Mundos” teve como objectivo compreender as estratégias que a Escola EB2,3/S D. Afonso III – Vinhais concebeu para manter ou chamar de novo os jovens adolescentes que abandonam a escola em prol de um trabalho infantil ilegal e desqualificado.

LUCHANDO INFRUCTUOSAMENTE CONTRA LA HIDRA: UN MODELO SENCILLO DEL NARCOTRÁFICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Humberto Ortiz

2002-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico que incorpora los riesgos de esta actividad. El modelo contribuye a explicar dos características notables del narcotráfico: la generación de ganancias extraordinarias y la gran capacidad de reproducción en condiciones de prohibición y represión. El modelo genera una relación directa entre la represión a la oferta -la estrategia dominante de lucha contra el narcotráfico- y las características mencionadasA simple model of drug trafficking, which embodies this activity risks, is shown in this paper. The model helps to explain two stylized facts of this activity: the generation of extraordinary profits and strong reproduction ability under prohibition and repression. The model creates a direct link between the repression of supply, which has been the dominant strategy in the fight against drug trafficking, and the mentioned facts.

Mathematical modelling of temperature effect on growth kinetics of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushroom (Agaricus bisporus).

Science.gov (United States)

Tarlak, Fatih; Ozdemir, Murat; Melikoglu, Mehmet

2018-02-02

The growth data of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored between 4 and 28°C were obtained and fitted to three different primary models, known as the modified Gompertz, logistic and Baranyi models. The goodness of fit of these models was compared by considering the mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination for nonlinear regression (pseudo-R 2 ). The Baranyi model yielded the lowest MSE and highest pseudo-R 2 values. Therefore, the Baranyi model was selected as the best primary model. Maximum specific growth rate (r max ) and lag phase duration (λ) obtained from the Baranyi model were fitted to secondary models namely, the Ratkowsky and Arrhenius models. High pseudo-R 2 and low MSE values indicated that the Arrhenius model has a high goodness of fit to determine the effect of temperature on r max . Observed number of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushrooms from independent experiments was compared with the predicted number of Pseudomonas spp. with the models used by considering the B f and A f values. The B f and A f values were found to be 0.974 and 1.036, respectively. The correlation between the observed and predicted number of Pseudomonas spp. was high. Mushroom spoilage was simulated as a function of temperature with the models used. The models used for Pseudomonas spp. growth can provide a fast and cost-effective alternative to traditional microbiological techniques to determine the effect of storage temperature on product shelf-life. The models can be used to evaluate the growth behaviour of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushroom, set limits for the quantitative detection of the microbial spoilage and assess product shelf-life. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure of Agaricus bisporus mushroom tyrosinase: identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone.

Science.gov (United States)

Ismaya, Wangsa T; Rozeboom, Henriëtte J; Weijn, Amrah; Mes, Jurriaan J; Fusetti, Fabrizia; Wichers, Harry J; Dijkstra, Bauke W

2011-06-21

Tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of phenolic compounds into their quinone derivatives, which are precursors for the formation of melanin, a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms. Because of its importance for browning reactions in the food industry, the tyrosinase from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus has been investigated in depth. In previous studies the tyrosinase enzyme complex was shown to be a H(2)L(2) tetramer, but no clues were obtained of the identities of the subunits, their mode of association, and the 3D structure of the complex. Here we unravel this tetramer at the molecular level. Its 2.3 Å resolution crystal structure is the first structure of the full fungal tyrosinase complex. The complex comprises two H subunits of ∼392 residues and two L subunits of ∼150 residues. The H subunit originates from the ppo3 gene and has a fold similar to other tyrosinases, but it is ∼100 residues larger. The L subunit appeared to be the product of orf239342 and has a lectin-like fold. The H subunit contains a binuclear copper-binding site in the deoxy-state, in which three histidine residues coordinate each copper ion. The side chains of these histidines have their orientation fixed by hydrogen bonds or, in the case of His85, by a thioether bridge with the side chain of Cys83. The specific tyrosinase inhibitor tropolone forms a pre-Michaelis complex with the enzyme. It binds near the binuclear copper site without directly coordinating the copper ions. The function of the ORF239342 subunits is not known. Carbohydrate binding sites identified in other lectins are not conserved in ORF239342, and the subunits are over 25 Å away from the active site, making a role in activity unlikely. The structures explain how calcium ions stabilize the tetrameric state of the enzyme.

Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morin, Emmanuelle; Kohler, Annegret; Baker, Adam R.; Foulongne-Oriol, Marie; Lombard, Vincent; Nagy, Laszlo G.; Ohm, Robin A.; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; Brun, Annick; Aerts, Andrea L.; Bailey, Andrew M.; Billette, Christophe; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Deakin, Greg; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Floudas, Dimitrios; Grimwood, Jane; Hilden, Kristiina; Kues, Ursula; LaButti, Kurt M.; Lapidus, Alla; Lindquist, Erika A.; Lucas, Susan M.; Murat, Claude; Riley, Robert W.; Salamov, Asaf A.; Schmutz, Jeremy; Subramanian, Venkataramanan; Wosten, Han A. B.; Xu, Jianping; Eastwood, Daniel C.; Foster, Gary D.; Sonnenberg, Anton S. M.; Cullen, Dan; de Vries, Ronald P.; Lundell, Taina; Hibbett, David S.; Henrissat, Bernard; Burton, Kerry S.; Kerrigan, Richard W.; Challen, Michael P.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Martin, Francis

2012-04-27

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the button mushroom forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A. bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost and during mushroom formation. The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation are more highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A. bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics.

Impact of a native Streptomyces flavovirens from mushroom compost on green mold control and yield of Agaricus bisporus.

Science.gov (United States)

Šantrić, Ljiljana; Potočnik, Ivana; Radivojević, Ljiljana; Umiljendić, Jelena Gajić; Rekanović, Emil; Duduk, Bojan; Milijašević-Marčić, Svetlana

2018-05-18

Thirty-five actinobacterial isolates, obtained from button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates (i.e., compost in different phases of composting, black peat or casing layer) in Serbia in 2014-2016 were tested in vitro against the causal agents of green mold in cultivated mushroom. Out of six most promising isolates, A06 induced 42.4% in vitro growth inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum T54, and 27.6% inhibition of T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77. The novel strain A06 was identified as Streptomyces flavovirens based on macroscopic and cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence and used in mushroom growing room experiments. Actinobacteria had no negative influence on mycelial growth of the cultivated mushroom in compost in situ. Isolate S. flavovirens A06 enhanced mushroom yield significantly, up to 31.5%. The A06 isolate was more efficient in enhancing yield after inoculation with the compost mold T. aggressivum (26.1%), compared to casing mold T. harzianum (8%). Considering disease incidence, actinobacteria significantly prevented green mold in compost caused by T. aggressivum (6.8%). However, fungicide prochloraz-Mn had a more significant role in reducing symptoms of casing mold, T. harzianum, in comparison with actinobacteria (24.2 and 11.8%, respectively). No significant differences between efficacies of S. flavovirens A06 and the fungicide prochloraz-Mn against T. aggressivum were revealed. These results imply that S. flavovirens A06 can be used to increase mushroom yield and contribute to disease control against the aggressive compost green mold disease caused by Trichoderma aggressivum.

Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche.

Science.gov (United States)

Morin, Emmanuelle; Kohler, Annegret; Baker, Adam R; Foulongne-Oriol, Marie; Lombard, Vincent; Nagy, Laszlo G; Ohm, Robin A; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; Brun, Annick; Aerts, Andrea L; Bailey, Andrew M; Billette, Christophe; Coutinho, Pedro M; Deakin, Greg; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Floudas, Dimitrios; Grimwood, Jane; Hildén, Kristiina; Kües, Ursula; Labutti, Kurt M; Lapidus, Alla; Lindquist, Erika A; Lucas, Susan M; Murat, Claude; Riley, Robert W; Salamov, Asaf A; Schmutz, Jeremy; Subramanian, Venkataramanan; Wösten, Han A B; Xu, Jianping; Eastwood, Daniel C; Foster, Gary D; Sonnenberg, Anton S M; Cullen, Dan; de Vries, Ronald P; Lundell, Taina; Hibbett, David S; Henrissat, Bernard; Burton, Kerry S; Kerrigan, Richard W; Challen, Michael P; Grigoriev, Igor V; Martin, Francis

2012-10-23

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A. bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost and during mushroom formation. The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation are more highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and β-etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A. bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics.

Study on the Contra-Rotating Propeller system design and full-scale performance prediction method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keh-Sik Min

2009-09-01

Full Text Available A ship's screw-propeller produces thrust by rotation and, at the same time, generates rotational flow behind the propeller. This rotational flow has no contribution to the generation of thrust, but instead produces energy loss. By recovering part of the lost energy in the rotational flow, therefore, it is possible to improve the propulsion efficiency. The contra-rotating propeller (CRP system is the representing example of such devices. Unfortunately, however, neither a design method nor a full-scale performance prediction procedure for the CRP system has been well established yet. The authors have long performed studies on the CRP system, and some of the results from the authors’ studies shall be presented and discussed.

¿Cuánta política encierra lo personal? Notas sobre género y violencia doméstica contra las mujeres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Concepción Pozo Gándara

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En los estudios sobre violencia doméstica contra la mujer, la atención hacia las experiencias subjetivas de las mujeres se ha materializado en discursos científicos y prácticas e intervenciones sociales. En este artículo se ha intentado avanzar más allá de la noción de patriarcado al incorporar al estudio de la violencia nociones de las ciencias sociales que conceptualizan el género como categoría relacional e histórica que opera a través de la intersección con otras categorías. Para ello se analizaron las entrevistas de dieciocho hombres y diecisiete mujeres involucrados con la ley que rige en Brasil los crímenes de violencia contra la mujer. Se identifican y se discuten algunos temas como la victimización, la denuncia de la agresión y el proceso de escape de la relación violenta.

Actividad in vitro contra Leishmania y permeación en piel humana de liposomas ultradeformables de miltefosina

OpenAIRE

Hernandez, Indiira Paola; Martinetti Montanari, Jorge Anibal; Escobar Rivero, Patricia

2017-01-01

Introducción: los liposomas ultradeformables de miltefosina (LUD-MIL) constituyen una opción para el tratamiento tópico en leishmaniasis cutánea penetrando los estratos de la piel hasta la dermis, sitio donde habita el parásito. Objetivo: diseñar LUD-MIL y determinar su actividad contra L. (Viannia) panamensis y L. (V.) braziliensis y la permeación en piel humana. Métodos: los LUD-MIL, liposomas convencionales de fosfatidilcolina (LConv) y LUD-MIL-fluorescente (LUD-MIL-F...

El Genocidio Contra el Pueblo Armenio: Estimulando actitudes solidarias para posibilitar la integración, respeto y tolerancia entre las personas y los pueblos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Demirdjian, Sabrina

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La Universidad Nacional de Rosario a través de la Cátedra Armenia, ha elaborado el Programa de Tolerancia y Respeto entre los Pueblos, con el objetivo de proporcionar instrumentos de análisis y reflexión para abordar la historia del Genocidio contra el Pueblo Armenio yproyectar acciones que tiendan a lograr actitudes desolidaridad y respeto mutuo desde una perspectiva intercultural como bases necesarias para la convivencia. Los contenidos desarrollados en los Talleres presenciales de participación integrativa, cuya modalidad se basa en utilizardisparadores motivacionales audiovisuales, abarcan distintos aspectos: contexto histórico – geopolítico, análisis de criterios epistemológicos: como la negación, pensar desde la víctima; ¿porque Armenia?; el genocidio contra el pueblo armenio: perpetrado por Turquía y aún negado; lazos entre Argentina y Armenia.

Prevenção do Nascimento Prematuro: Importância da Monitorização das Contrações Uterinas Prevention of Preterm Birth: Role of Uterine Contraction Monitoring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Sérgio Borges da Fonseca

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre alterações das contrações uterinas e parto prematuro. Metodologia: entre fevereiro de 1996 e junho de 1998, 73 gestantes com risco para o parto prematuro foram submetidas à monitorização externa das contrações uterinas, da 24ª à 34ª semana de gestação, duas vezes por semana, durante 60 minutos. O teste foi considerado positivo quando as contrações uterinas apresentavam freqüência maior ou igual a 4 contrações/hora antes da 30ª semana e a 6 contrações/hora após esta data. Resultado: foram excluídas da análise 17 pacientes (23,28% por apresentarem patologias obstétricas ou evolução desfavorável para os resultados finais. Das 56 gestantes restantes, a incidência de partos prematuros espontâneos foi de 23,21% (13/56. A freqüência média das contrações uterinas foi significativamente maior no grupo que evoluiu para o parto prematuro. O método revelou uma sensibilidade de 69,23%, uma especificidade de 86,04% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 60% e 90,24%, respectivamente. Conclusão: o teste negativo está associado a baixo risco de nascimento prematuro. Contudo, diante do teste positivo, torna-se necessária a associação com outros marcadores do parto prematuro para melhor identificar pacientes com risco elevado.Purpose: to evaluate the relationship between uterine contractions and premature delivery. Methods: between February 1996 and July 1998, 73 high risk pregnant women for preterm delivery, between the 24th and 34th weeks of gestation, were submitted to uterine contraction monitoring with tokodynamometers for 1 hour twice a week. The positive test was the presence of 4 contractions/h before the 30th week of gestation, and after this time, 6 contractions/h. Result: of 73 women, 17 patients (23.28% were excluded from the final analysis because they presented obstetric problems or unfavorable development for the final result. The rate of preterm delivery was 21

Dificultades en la integración y cooperación de los cuerpos policiales de América Latina en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. Estudio de caso: AMERIPOL

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Duque, Daniela Patricia

2015-01-01

La presente investigación analiza los principales retos que afectan la cooperación e integración de los cuerpos policiales latinoamericanos en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. Para realizar dicho análisis se toma como caso de estudio AMERIPOL, organización creada en el año 2007 y que actualmente constituye el único mecanismo de cooperación policial en el hemisferio americano. Se considera que la cooperación e integración de los cuerpos policiales en la lucha contra el narcotráfico en la regió...

Estado y nación durante el golpe contra Hugo Chávez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Coronil, Fernando

2005-06-01

Full Text Available This essay has two objetives. In the first place, it is a discussion of the development of the coup d’etat against Hugo Chávez during April 11th at 14th of 2002, focusing on the competing views of the opposition and supporters of the government in relation to three processes: the march against the violation of “meritocracia” in the oil industry (corporate criteria for selecting the managers of the state’s oil company, the massacre that took place on April 11th, and the act of proclamation of Pedro Carmona as president on April 12th. The essay examines in particular the choreography of these events and the changing conceptions of the nation and the state involved in these processes. Secondly, on the basis of this examination, the essay concludes with some theoretical observations concerning the state, its constitution, and the manner in which it exerts its hegemony.

Este ensayo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, es una discusión sobre el golpe de Estado contra Hugo Chávez que se desarrolló entre el 11 y el 14 de abril de 2002. Se enfoca en las contrapuestas visiones de la oposición y de los partidarios del gobierno en relación con tres procesos: la marcha en protesta contra la violación de la meritocracia petrolera, la masacre del 11 de abril y el acto de proclamación de Pedro Carmona como presidente el 12 de abril. Examina en particular la coreografia de estos eventos y la transformación de las concepciones de la nación y el Estado involucradas en estos procesos. En segundo lugar, sobre la base de esta examinación, el ensayo concluye con algunas observaciones teóricas sobre el Estado, su constitución y la forma como ejerce su hegemonía.

Violência Contra Idosos na Família: Motivações, Sentimentos e Necessidades do Agressor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cirlene Francisca Sales Silva

Full Text Available Resumo O aumento mundial da população idosa tem sido acompanhado por importantes demandas, dentre elas a violência contra a pessoa idosa, que merece especial atenção devido às sequelas físicas e psicológicas que acarreta. A literatura tem focalizado mais o idoso agredido, pouco se detendo ao agressor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar a violência contra idosos na família, da perspectiva do agressor, especificamente as motivações que os impeliram à violência, os sentimentos e as necessidades sentidas por eles. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, tendo dela participado 13 agressores familiares dos idosos. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada que foi examinado por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os resultados indicam que houve a presença de violência com agressões verbais e físicas; as principais motivações foram uso de álcool, proximidade física, dependência financeira do agressor em relação ao idoso e relacionamento permeado de violência entre ambos; os sentimentos experimentados foram tristeza, decepção, raiva, injustiça, angústia e revolta; as necessidades se relacionam ao desejo de que o processo fosse encerrado, voltar à sua vida normal e conviver com o idoso. Conclui-se acerca da necessidade de acolhimento aos agressores com a finalidade de ajudá-los a ressignificar a experiência da violência.

Protocolo de perícia em bem-estar animal para diagnóstico de maus-tratos contra animais de companhia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janaina Hammerschmidt

2015-02-01

Full Text Available As decisões judiciais sobre casos de maus-tratos contra animais podem ser subsidiadas por laudos de peritos em bem-estar animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar protocolos de diagnóstico de bem-estar animal para a identificação de maus-tratos contra animais de companhia. O protocolo é composto por quatro conjuntos de indicadores: nutricionais, de conforto, sanitários e comportamentais, os quais devem ser classificados em inadequados, regulares e adequados. As decisões finais para cada conjunto de indicadores devem ser integradas em um único resultado, o qual será o grau final de bem-estar. O protocolo utiliza uma forma de integração simplificada, baseada em limites para a inclusão em cada um dos cinco graus de bem-estar, descritos como: muito baixo, baixo, regular, alto e muito alto. Graus de bem-estar baixo e muito baixo são considerados inaceitáveis e devem ser descritos como maus-tratos. Grau de bem-estar regular é considerado aceitável se medidas corretivas forem asseguradas. Graus de bem-estar alto e muito alto são considerados desejáveis para o bem-estar animal. O protocolo permite a diferenciação do grau de bem-estar em escala compatível para a decisão em relação à ocorrência de maus-tratos. Nós esperamos que o refinamento das formas de identificação de crimes contra animais, especialmente nos casos nos quais não existem lesões físicas, juntamente com um protocolo padronizado, possam aprimorar a percepção do sofrimento animal, além de facilitar o trabalho de campo das pessoas envolvidas nestas investigações, oferecendo assim uma contribuição para incrementar o bem-estar animal, por meio de ações adequadas e de redução da criminalidade.

Violencia contra las mujeres en el ámbito doméstico : consecuencias sobre la salud psicosocial

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Fuentes, Juan Manuel; García Leiva, Patricia; Cuberos Casado, Inmaculada

2008-01-01

Actualmente la violencia contra las mujeres ejercida por sus compañeros sentimentales constituye uno de los problemas sociales más importantes, tanto en nuestro país como en el resto del mundo, debido al gran número de mujeres que la sufren y a sus consecuencias a nivel personal y social. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar cuáles son los daños psicosociales que conlleva dicha violencia para poder mejorar la intervención clínica y social. Para ello se les ha pasado a 100 mujer...

Effect of sun mushroom extract in pork sausage and evaluation of the oxidative and microbiological stability of the product

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávia Santi Stefanello

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The prevention of lipid oxidation is one of the meat industry’s target and, consequently, the search for natural antioxidants has been increased in last years. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroethanolic extract from sun mushroom (Agaricus blazei Murrill on the oxidative and microbiological stability of pork meat sausage during storage at 4ºC. The extract was added to sausages in 0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 2.0 % (v/w concentrations. There was done the proximate composition, pH, instrumental color (L*, a*, b*, C* e h*, TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and microbiological analyzes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, in randomized completely design. The results from proximate composition and microbiological analyzes at day 0 were according to the Brazilian legislation. At 1st day of storage, control treatment showed higher (p<0,05 a* value (red than the other treatments, while b* value (yellow has increased (p<0,05 during the storage period in all treatments. At 21st day of storage, TBARS values of sausages with 2.0 % extract addition was lower (0,705±0,01 mg MDA/kg sample (p<0,05 than the control (1,097±0,11mg MDA/kg sample. The extract has not shown effect on the microbiological stability of the sausages. Nevertheless, the hydroethanolic extract from sun mushroom was effective on the oxidative stability of pork meat sausage when added in a 2.0 % concentration, improving its shelf-life up to 21 days of storage at 4 °C, and it is possible the use as a natural antioxidant source.

Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, W G; Sanders, A J; Katoh, M; Ungefroren, H; Gieseler, F; Prince, M; Thompson, S K; Zollo, M; Spano, D; Dhawan, P; Sliva, D; Subbarayan, P R; Sarkar, M; Honoki, K; Fujii, H; Georgakilas, A G; Amedei, A; Niccolai, E; Amin, A; Ashraf, S S; Ye, L; Helferich, W G; Yang, X; Boosani, C S; Guha, G; Ciriolo, M R; Aquilano, K; Chen, S; Azmi, A S; Keith, W N; Bilsland, A; Bhakta, D; Halicka, D; Nowsheen, S; Pantano, F; Santini, D

2015-12-01

Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Violência contra idosos: uma questão nova? Violence against aged people: a new issue?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula R. Amadio Sanches

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O envelhecimento da população mundial é um fato concreto e de conhecimento público. O Brasil inicia seu processo de transição demográfica seguindo o padrão mundial: o aumento do número de idosos com possibilidade de atingir elevadas faixas etárias, o que traz a necessidade de pesquisas nesse campo, devido à demanda apresentada por essa nova parcela da população. A questão da violência doméstica contra idosos tem se ampliado e sugere necessidade de maior campo de investigação nessa área, dado o risco suposto ao qual essa população mais idosa está submetida. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos relacionados ao tema já realizados no Brasil e em diferentes países, com enfoque epidemiológico. O trabalho apresenta diversos pontos de abordagem da violência contra idosos, considerando questões relacionadas à cultura do envelhecimento, ações de políticas públicas, atuação de equipes de saúde, definição do termo abordado, aspectos legais e éticos da violência contra o idoso. Tal estudo permite ao pesquisador analisar os diferentes aspectos que envolvem a temática, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas específicas direcionadas ao tema.The world population is getting older and this is a very well known fact. The demographic transition of the Brazilian population is just beginning, and follows the world pattern: an increase in the number of older persons with an actual chance of reaching higher ages. As a consequence, there is the need of new studies to supply data about this new aspect of the population demands. Household violence against old persons has been growing and this strongly recommends that special research studies should be conducted, in view of the risk to which these individuals are exposed. The objective of this study is to list and analyze Brazilian and international studies related to aged persons, in light of an epidemiological point of view. The article presents many ways of approaching

Factores asociados a una respuesta inadecuada a la vacunación contra la hepatitis B en personal sanitario

OpenAIRE

Tolosa Martínez Natividad; Tenías Burillo José María; Pérez Bermúdez Brígido; Sanchis Álvarez Juan Bautista

1998-01-01

FUNDAMENTO: La vacuna recombinante contra la hepatitis B confiere inmunidad aproximadamente en el 95 % de los casos, pero existe un porcentaje que responde insuficientemente. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los factores que se asocian con una inadecuada respuesta inmunitaria. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio observacional y analítico en el que se sigue retrospectivamente una cohorte de sujetos vacunados frente al virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). Se recogieron las variables de interés del ...

Abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra o idoso em uma unidade básica de saúde

OpenAIRE

Wanderbroocke,Ana Claudia Nunes de Souza; Moré,Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo

2013-01-01

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever a abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra idosos em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados por meio de observação participante com registro em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram das entrevistas dez profissionais da UBS. Os dados foram analisados segundo o referencial da Grounded Theory e duas categorias foram discutidas: manejo profissional de situações de viol...

Situação vacinal contra a influenza dos profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital de ensino

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Raquel Heloisa Guedes

2011-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. A doença Influenza é conhecida há centenas de anos, mas apesar disto, e de atualmente existir uma vacina comprovadamente eficaz para sua prevenção, continua sendo uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade e gastos financeiros com saúde no mundo. Nos hospitais, a vacinação contra Influenza dos profissionais de enfermagem, reveste-se em fator de biossegur...

Serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G reactivity to Agaricus bisporus proteins in mushroom cultivation workers.

Science.gov (United States)

Khakzad, Z; Hedayati, M T; Mahdian, S; Mayahi, S

2015-06-01

Although molds are regarded as the main fungal allergen sources, evidence indicates that spores of Basidiomycota including Agaricus bisporus ( A. bisporus ) can be also found at high concentrations in the environment and may cause as many respiratory allergies as molds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against A. bisporus via immunoblotting technique in individuals working at mushroom cultivation centers. In this study, 72 workers involved in the cultivation and harvest of button mushrooms were enrolled. For the analysis of serum IgE and IgG, A. bisporus grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth was harvested and ruptured by liquid nitrogen and glass beads. The obtained sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected as "crude extract" (CE). CE was separated via Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose filter and the bands responsive to IgE and IgG were identified by anti-human conjugated antibodies. All participants were screened in terms of total IgE level. Among 72 workers, 18 (25%) had a total IgE level higher than 188 IU/mL. In SDS-PAGE, the CE of A. bisporus showed 23 different protein bands with a molecular weight range of 13-80 kDa. The sera of 23.6% and 55.5% of participants showed positive response, with specific IgE and IgG antibodies against A. bisporus in the blot, respectively. The bands with molecular weights of 62 and 68 kDa were the most reactive protein components of A. bisporus to specific IgE antibodies. Moreover, bands with molecular weights of 57 and 62 kDa showed the highest reactivity to IgG, respectively. Also, 62 and 68 kDa components were the most reactive bands with both specific IgG and IgE antibodies. The obtained findings revealed that A. bisporus has different allergens and antigens, which contribute to its potential as an aeroallergen in hypersensitivity

Comportamento da pressão arterial após exercícios contra-resistência: uma revisão sistemática sobre variáveis determinantes e possíveis mecanismos Comportamiento de la presión arterial después de ejercicios contra resistencia: una revisión sistemática sobre variables determinantes y posibles mecanismos Blood pressure behavior after counter-resistance exercises: a systematic review on determining variables and possible mechanisms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Doederlein Polito

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE é um fenômeno com elevada relevância clínica, mas que ainda apresenta aspectos duvidosos em relação às variáveis que podem contribuir para sua manifestação. A dúvida é maior quando o exercício contra-resistência é aplicado com intuito de proporcionar HPE. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi rever algumas variáveis do exercício contra-resistência que podem estar associadas à HPE. Além disso, foram comentados alguns mecanismos fisiológicos possivelmente relacionados com esse efeito. Encontraram-se 14 referências abrangendo o exercício contra-resistência e a HPE. Seis estudos observaram efeito hipotensivo para a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS e/ou diastólica (PAD após o exercício contra-resistência. Contudo, foi observado que alguns estudos não identificaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05 para PAS e PAD (n = 4 ou até relataram aumento significativo (p La hipertensión después del ejercicio (HPE es un fenómeno con elevada relevancia clínica, pero aún si presenta aspectos dudosos en relación a las variables que pueden contribuir para su manifestación. La duda es mayor cuando el ejercicio contra resistencia es aplicado con el intuito de proporcionar HPE. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido el de rever algunas variables del ejercicio contra resistencia que pueden estar asociadas a la HPE. Además de esto, fueron comentados algunos mecanismos fisiológicos, posiblemente relacionados con ese efecto. Se encontró 14 referencias abarcando el ejercicio contra resistencia y la HPE. Seis estudios observaron el efecto hipotensivo para la presión arterial sistólica (PAS y/o diastólica (PAD después del ejercicio contra resistencia. A pesar de eso, se observó que algunos estudios no identificaron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05 para PAS y PAD (n = 4 o hasta reportaron aumento significativo (p Post-exercise hypotension (PEH is a phenomenon with high

Evaluación de la actividad fungistática in vitro de bacterias ácido lácticas contra especies de Fusarium causantes de pudrición basal en pitahaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw)

OpenAIRE

Valencia Hernández, Leidy J

2015-01-01

Fusarium sp. Es uno de los principales hongos fitopatógenos causantes de enfermedades en pitahaya amarilla. Estudios previos han demostrado la capacidad antimicrobiana de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) contra patógenos; sin embargo no se ha reportado en la literatura científica actividad fungistática de BAL contra especies de Fusarium causantes de pudrición basal en pitahaya amarilla. En este trabajo se evaluó in vitro la actividad fungistática de una BAL aislada de cultivos de pitahaya amari...

Hacia una racionalidad reproductiva-ambiental. Aportes de los movimientos sociales contra las represas para la desmercantilización del territorio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nazaret Castro Buzón

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Para los movimientos que resisten contras las represas en América Latina, así como para otras luchas contra los emprendimientos extractivos, el territorio es mucho más que la garantía de su subsistencia: encarna la posibilidad misma de conservar modos de vida, de ser y hacer, que implican relaciones sociales, costumbres y, en muchos casos, una cosmovisión que se enfrenta a la mercantilización de la naturaleza que propone el sistema hegemónico. Este trabajo parte del análisis de tres movimientos que resisten a proyectos de infraestructura hidroenergética en Chile (Koz Koz, Colombia (Asoquimbo y Argentina (Mesa Provincial No a las Represas. ¿En qué medida estos movimientos sociales proponen una alternativa a la racionalidad instrumental que nos hace maximizadores de utilidad o beneficio? La hipótesis propuesta es que estos movimientos están contribuyendo a la construcción de una racionalidad reproductiva-ambiental, que sitúa en el centro la reproducción ampliada de la vida, y no del capital. Esta investigación se apoya en un extensivo trabajo de campo con entrevistas, observación participativa y con análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias.

Violência contra pessoa idosa: representações sociais entre adolescentes do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha-PE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ludgleydson Fernandes de Araújo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou identificar e verificar as representações sociais (RS da violência contra as pessoas idosas entre estudantes do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha-PE. A amostra foi composta por 100 estudantes de ambos os sexos, do ensino médio, com média de idade de 20,3 anos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos: entrevistas semiestruturadas e o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP. As entrevistas foram categorizadas pela Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2002 e a TALP pela técnica de redes semânticas (Reyes-Lagunes, 1993. Os dados obtidos no TALP revelaram RS atreladas à intolerância (100%, covardia (57,2%, desumano (40,7%, ignorância (25,7% e violência (10%. No que tange aos dados da entrevista as subcategorias mais significativas foram desrespeito, maus tratos, indignação e segurança. Conclui-se da necessidade de prevenção no âmbito informativo, bem como de conscientização da população com prioridade para detecção e prevenção de casos de violência contra os idosos.

Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche

Science.gov (United States)

Morin, Emmanuelle; Kohler, Annegret; Baker, Adam R.; Foulongne-Oriol, Marie; Lombard, Vincent; Nagye, Laszlo G.; Ohm, Robin A.; Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina; Brun, Annick; Aerts, Andrea L.; Bailey, Andrew M.; Billette, Christophe; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Deakin, Greg; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Floudas, Dimitrios; Grimwood, Jane; Hildén, Kristiina; Kües, Ursula; LaButti, Kurt M.; Lapidus, Alla; Lindquist, Erika A.; Lucas, Susan M.; Murat, Claude; Riley, Robert W.; Salamov, Asaf A.; Schmutz, Jeremy; Subramanian, Venkataramanan; Wösten, Han A. B.; Xu, Jianping; Eastwood, Daniel C.; Foster, Gary D.; Sonnenberg, Anton S. M.; Cullen, Dan; de Vries, Ronald P.; Lundell, Taina; Hibbett, David S.; Henrissat, Bernard; Burton, Kerry S.; Kerrigan, Richard W.; Challen, Michael P.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Martin, Francis

2012-01-01

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the “button mushroom” forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A. bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost and during mushroom formation. The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation are more highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and β-etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A. bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics. PMID:23045686

Testimony and crimes against humanity from Hannah Arendt's perspective = Testemunho e crimes contra a humanidade a partir da perspectiva de Hannah Arendt = Testimonio y crímenes contra la humanidad a partir de la perspectiva de Hannah Arendt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Perrone-Moisés, Cláudia

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Considerando a emergência do testemunho como uma fonte privilegiada de história e memória posteriormente à Segunda Guerra Mundial, este artigo pretende discutir o papel do testemunho na teoria de Hannah Arendt, considerando, por um lado, suas críticas à abundância de testemunhos no julgamento de Eichmann e, por outro, a importância que a narrativa, a memória e a metáfora adquirem em sua obra. Essa discussão lança uma luzsobre julgamentos históricos envolvendo crimes contra a humanidade

Vacinas contra rotavírus e papilomavírus humano (HPV Vaccines against rotavirus and human papillomavirus (HPV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre C. Linhares

2006-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Sintetizar as estratégias para a obtenção de uma vacina contra rotavírus e papilomavírus humano (HPV, enfatizando-se o estágio atual das investigações quanto à segurança, reatogenicidade, imunogenicidade e eficácia. FONTE DOS DADOS: Os artigos publicados de 1996 a 2006, particularmente ao longo dos últimos 5 anos, representaram a fonte primária (base de dados: MEDLINE, PubMed, NIH, EUA, conferindo-se destaque aos recentes estudos envolvendo uma vacina contendo rotavírus atenuado de origem humana e dois tipos de vacinas para HPV testadas em humanos: as profiláticas e as terapêuticas. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Em relação às vacinas contra rotavírus, o contexto de estratégias compreendeu desde as preparações jennerianas até o advento da vacina com rotavírus atenuado de origem humana. Duas vacinas despontam como eficazes e seguras: uma, pentavalente, envolvendo vírus de bovinos e do homem; outra, de rotavírus atenuado oriundo da espécie humana, sendo que esta é avaliada em mais de 70.000 crianças no mundo. As vacinas contra HPV profiláticas visam impedir a infecção por esses vírus, enquanto que as vacinas terapêuticas pretendem tratar o indivíduo já infectado ou até o portador de uma lesão causada por HPV. As pesquisas com vacinas profiláticas começaram há alguns anos nos EUA e, hoje, aproximadamente 25.000 mulheres, em vários países, participam de estudos sobre essa vacina, que até o momento tem se mostrado segura, bem tolerada, altamente imunogênica e eficaz contra os tipos de HPV que causam as verrugas genitais e 70% dos casos de câncer do colo do útero. CONCLUSÕES:Uma vacina eficaz e segura contra rotavírus resultará em impacto significativo quanto à doença grave por esse enteropatógeno. Um programa global de imunizações que consiga atingir 60 a 80% das crianças durante os próximos 10 anos pode reduzir em pelo menos 50% as hospitalizações e a mortalidade por rotavírus. Antecipa

Influencia de los Factores en la Aceptación de la Vacunación contra el Virus Papiloma Humano en Padres de Familia de Escolares de las I.E. Secundarias de Juliaca 2014

OpenAIRE

Beltrán Beltrán, Rosita Graciela

2016-01-01

La investigación efectuada trata específicamente sobre la influencia de los factores en la aceptación de la vacunación contra el virus papiloma humano en padres de familia de escolares de las I.E. secundarias de la ciudad de Juliaca durante el año 2014. El propósito del trabajo de investigación ha sido determinar la medida en que el nivel de influencia de los factores en la aceptación de la vacunación contra el virus papiloma humano en padres de familia de escolares de las I.E. secund...

Evaluation of casing materials made from spent mushroom substrate and coconut fibre pith for use in production of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pardo-Gimenez, A.; Pardo-Gonzalez, J. E.

2008-07-01

The agronomic performance of different proportions of mixtures of coconut fibre (CF) pith and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was studied for their use as casing material in mushroom cultivation. After chemical and biological characterisation of the casing substrates qualitative and quantitative production parameters were evaluated in a cycle of Agaricus production. An increase in the proportion of SMS reduced the number of carpophores and overall yield; while the first flush was delayed, mushroom size tended to increase and the mushrooms had a higher dry matter content and a better texture, although their colour was worse. Combinations of CF pith and SMS of 4:1 and 3:2 (v/v) gave biological efficiencies of 92.9 and 82.6 kg 100 kg-1 compost, respectively. These values compare well with that obtained from the commercial casings used as a control. The high electrical conductivity of the mixture containing the highest proportion of SMS would limit its use. However, the results indicate the viability of reusing SMS as an ingredient of casing material for mushroom cultivation. This alternative could be considered to partially replace the organic substrates normally used for mushroom cultivation, with the double advantage of decreasing cost and reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal. Additional key words: alternative casing, compost reuse, mushroom cultivation. (Author) 31 refs.

Experimental analysis of flow structure in contra-rotating axial flow pump designed with different rotational speed concept

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Linlin; Watanabe, Satoshi; Imanishi, Toshiki; Yoshimura, Hiroaki; Furukawa, Akinori

2013-08-01

As a high specific speed pump, the contra-rotating axial flow pump distinguishes itself in a rear rotor rotating in the opposite direction of the front rotor, which remarkably contributes to the energy conversion, the reduction of the pump size, better hydraulic and cavitation performances. However, with two rotors rotating reversely, the significant interaction between blade rows was observed in our prototype contra-rotating rotors, which highly affected the pump performance compared with the conventional axial flow pumps. Consequently, a new type of rear rotor was designed by the rotational speed optimization methodology with some additional considerations, aiming at better cavitation performance, the reduction of blade rows interaction and the secondary flow suppression. The new rear rotor showed a satisfactory performance at the design flow rate but an unfavorable positive slope of the head — flow rate curve in the partial flow rate range less than 40% of the design flow rate, which should be avoided for the reliability of pump-pipe systems. In the present research, to understand the internal flow field of new rear rotor and its relation to the performances at the partial flow rates, the velocity distributions at the inlets and outlets of the rotors are firstly investigated. Then, the boundary layer flows on rotor surfaces, which clearly reflect the secondary flow inside the rotors, are analyzed through the limiting streamline observations using the multi-color oil-film method. Finally, the unsteady numerical simulations are carried out to understand the complicated internal flow structures in the rotors.

ELEMENTELE CONSTITUTIVE ŞI ELEMENTELE CIRCUMSTANŢIALE AGRAVANTE ALE INFRACŢIUNILOR CONTRA PATRIMONIULUI MILITAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergiu BRÎNZA

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Articolul de faţă este dedicat analizei juridico-penale a infracţiunilor contra patrimoniului militar, prevăzute laart.379-381 CP RM. Sunt examinate elementele constitutive (obiectul, latura obiectivă, latura subiectivă şi subiectul,precum şi elementele circumstanţiale agravante ale acestor infracţiuni. Sunt propuse criterii de delimitare a infracţiunilorspecificate la art.379-381 CP RM în raport cu faptele conexe de factură penală sau nepenală. Printre aspectele de noutateale studiului de faţă trebuie remarcată revizuirea concepţiei de identificare a variantelor-tip şi a variantelor agravate în cazulinfracţiunilor prevăzute la art.379 CP RM. În rezultatul analizei efectuate se ajunge la concluzia că, datorită specificului lor,infracţiunile contra patrimoniului militar nu au victimă. De asemenea, se stabileşte că infracţiunile prevăzute la art.379-381CP RM sunt săvârşite pe calea acţiunii (şi sau inacţiunii. Se arată că, de cele mai dese ori, infracţiunile contra patrimoniului militar au o factură materială. Doar în situaţia infracţiunii prevăzute la alin.(1 art.381 CP RM se atestă existenţa semnelor atât ale unei infracţiuni materiale, cât şi ale unei infracţiuni formale. Se relevă că timpul de război este un semn secundarobligatoriu al laturii obiective în ipoteza infracţiunilor specificate la lit.a alin.(3 art.379, lit.a alin.(2 art.380, lit.a alin.(2şi lit.a alin.(4 art.381 CP RM. Se stabileşte că ambianţa infracţiunii (şi anume – condiţiile de luptă constituie un semnsecundar obligatoriu al laturii obiective în cazul infracţiunilor prevăzute la lit.b alin.(3 art.379, lit.b alin.(2 art.380, lit.balin.(2 şi lit.b alin.(4 art.381 CP RM. Se arată că infracţiunea specificată la art.380 CP RM este săvârşită din imprudenţă.În situaţii de altă natură, făptuitorul manifestă intenţie sau imprudenţă faţă de fapta prejudiciabilă şi numai impruden

Characteristics of violence against children in a Brazilian Capital Características de la violencia contra los niños en una capital brasileña Características da violência contra a criança em uma capital brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maíra Rosa Apostólico

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach was to characterize violence against children in Curitiba. Reports of 2004 through 2008 about compulsory denouncements of violence cases were analyzed. The results showed an increase in violence, with home violence as the most frequent type and five to nine-year-olds as the most affected group, and negligence and physical violence as the most denounced forms of violence. Almost 81% of the sexual violence is performed against girls and the father is the main aggressor, showing inequality in gender relations and between generations. The importance of notification as a visibility instrument is highlighted. Other confrontation measures are necessary though, such as the promotion of equitable relationships of gender and generation, and cross-sectional policies that involve the social segments in a praxis that transforms reality.Este estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, retrospectivo, cuantitativo, objetiva caracterizar la violencia contra los niños de Curitiba, dar visibilidad al problema, subsidiar nuevas políticas públicas y acciones en la Atención Básica. Se analizaron los informes de las notificaciones obligatorias de casos de violencia, de 2004 a 2008. Se identificó aumento de la violencia, siendo la violencia doméstica la más frecuente, los niños de 5 a 9 años fueron más afectados y la negligencia y violencia física fueron las formas más notificadas. Aproximadamente 81% de la violencia sexual es practicada contra niñas y el principal agresor es el padre, mostrando la desigualdad en las relaciones de género y generación. Se resalta la importancia de la notificación como instrumento de visibilidad. Otras medidas de enfrentamiento son necesarias como la promoción de relaciones equitativas de género y generación y políticas transversales que incluyan los sectores sociales en una praxis transformadora de la realidad.Trata-se de estudo

Chemical analyses for selected wells in San Joaquin County and part of Contra Costa County, California

Science.gov (United States)

Keeter, Gail L.

1980-01-01

The study area of this report includes the eastern valley area of Contra Costa County and all of San Joaquin County, an area of approximately 1,600 square miles in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley, Calif. Between December 1977 and December 1978, 1,489 wells were selectively canvassed. During May and June in 1978 and 1979, water samples were collected for chemical analysis from 321 of these wells. Field determinations of alkalinity, conductance, pH, and temperature were made, and individual constituents were analyzed. This report is the fourth in a series of baseline data reports on wells in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. (USGS)

Prevenção da violência contra mulheres: desafios na articulação de uma rede intersetorial Prevention of violence against women: challenges in the articulation of an intersetorial network Prevenção da violência contra mulheres: desafios na articulação de uma rede intersetorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Krieger Grossi

2012-11-01

Full Text Available

Este artigo tem por objetivo destacar a importância da intersetorialidade na prevenção da violência contra a mulher através da articulação de diferentes atores sociais preocupados e comprometidos com a redução dos índices de violência contra a mulher e conseqüentemente com uma sociedade mais justa e equitativa. Estes desafios na articulação da rede de serviços de proteção à mulher em situação de violência doméstica serão ilustrados pelas falas de gestores das políticas de assistência social, coordenadores das Políticas de Mulheres e profissionais que atuam em Centros de Referência de Mulheres, Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS e Centro de Referência Especializado da Assistência Social (CREAS em municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

This article has the objective of highlighting the importance of sectoriality action in the prevention of violence against women through the articulation of different social actors concerned and committed to the reduction of the violence against women rates, and consequently with a more fair and equal society. These challenges in the articulation of the network of protection services for women in domestic violence are illustrated by the managers of the social welfare policies, coordinators of women´s policies and professionals that work in Reference Centers for Women, Reference Centers of Social Welfare (CRAS and Specialized Reference Center of Social Welfare (CREAS in municipalities of the State of Rio Grande do Sul.

Este artigo tem por objetivo destacar a importância da intersetorialidade na prevenção da violência contra a mulher através da articulação de diferentes atores sociais preocupados e comprometidos com a redução dos índices de violência contra a mulher e consequentemente com uma sociedade mais justa e equitativa. Estes desafios na articulação da rede de serviços de proteção à mulher em situação de violência dom

Las implementaciones de las normas de seguridad de la información: estudio de caso la Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer del Ecuador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Caiza-Acero

2014-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo muestra el análisis y la justificación de selección de una de las Normas de seguridad de la información: ISO 27002, COBIT e ITIL para ser implementada en el departamento de sistemas de la Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer del Ecuador (S.O.L.C.A. El dominio que se analizará es el físico y refleja que el hospital tiene un alto porcentaje de incumplimiento en los controles de protección contra amenzas externas y del medio ambiente así como el de seguridad en la reutilización o eliminación de equipos. Debido a esto, se propone un presupuesto para que se cumplan dichos controles. Finalmente se hacen recomendaciones para que la norma sea implementada en su totalidad en el departamento y luego en la institución.

Reactogenicidad de la vacuna cubana trivalente contra la leptospirosis humana en un ensayo clínico de fase II

OpenAIRE

Raydel Martínez,; Alberto Pérez; Alberto Baly; Morelia Baró; Reynaldo Menéndez; Aroldo Ruíz; Amelia Urbino López; Manuel Díaz; Marlene Armesto

2001-01-01

Con el objetivo de evaluar la reactogenicidad de la vacuna cubana trivalente contra la leptospirosis humana (vax- SPIRAL) en grupos de voluntarios sanos utilizando diferentes dosis, se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorio y a doble ciego. Los voluntarios fueron distribuidos en dos grupos (vacunados y placebos) para evaluar las reacciones adversas en diferentes concentraciones de dosis (0,25 y 0,5 mL). Los síntomas y signos locales evaluados fueron: dolor, rubor, infiltración local,...

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia Tratamento contra a raiva humana: um pouco de sua histária A historical review of the treatment of human rabies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina Schneider

1994-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una revisión histórica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antigüedad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analogía entre el concepto de causa predominante en la época y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos tenían la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterización de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conocían la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en latín. En la Edad Media, cuando prevalecía un concepto mágico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro próximo. En esa época predominaba la teoría miasmática y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revolución científica en relación al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando también el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la más utilizada en América Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.Trata-se de uma revisão histórica sobre o tratamento utilizado contra a raiva, desde a antigüidade até o momento atual. Pretende-se fazer uma analogia entre o conceito de causa predominante na época, com o tipo de tratamento preconizado. Os gregos antigos tinham a deusa Artemisa como sanadora da raiva e já utilizavam a cauterização da ferida. Os povos do século I conheciam a infecciosidade na saliva de cães raivosos, chamando esse material de veneno ("virus" en latin. Na Idade Média, com um conceito mágico e religioso da saúde, o

Violência contra mulheres rurais, agendas públicas municipais e práticas profissionais de saúde : o visível e o invisível na inconsciência do óbvio

OpenAIRE

Marta Cocco da Costa

2012-01-01

Neste estudo aborda-se a violência contra as mulheres e a saúde em áreas rurais da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os objetivos gerais incluíram: conhecer e analisar, em cenários rurais as representações sociais da violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde e as influências dessas representações na implementação de decisões políticas e técnicas em ações de saúde; analisar as agendas públicas locais de saúde direcionadas ao enfre...

Haz que tu bebé nazca protegido contra la tosferina (Born with Protection against Whooping Cough)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2015-04-13

Este podcast provee información acerca de la tosferina, una enfermedad que puede ser mortal para los bebés, y la recomendación de los CDC de que todas las mujeres reciban la vacuna Tdap durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo para que su bebé nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.  Created: 4/13/2015 by National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Bacterial Diseases (DBD), Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch (MVPDB).   Date Released: 4/13/2015.

Prevenção da violência conjugal contra a mulher Prevention of conjugal violence against women

OpenAIRE

Mara Aparecida Alves Cabral

1999-01-01

Este trabalho visa a realizar uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura médica, psicológica, psiquiátrica e sociológica, concernente ao combate à violência conjugal contra a mulher. Analisa criticamente as medidas preventivas propostas em países com alto índice de desenvolvimento humano, como é o caso do Canadá e da França, tomando por base a aplicabilidade e eficácia dessas medidas. Compara esta aplicação com o que é realizado no Brasil neste momento. Levanta a bibliografia, principalmente des...

Desarrollo del cultivo de Agaricus bisporus en Brasil: suplementación del compost y utilización de híbridos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Cunha Zied

Full Text Available RESUMEN La utilización de variedades híbridas de Agaricus bisporus de origen conocido no es una práctica habitual en los cultivos de Brasil. Por otro lado, tampoco se encuentra establecida la práctica de la suplementación, consistente en la adición al compost de sustancias nutritivas al final de la fase II del proceso de compostaje. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio del efecto sobre la producción, en cultivos de champiñón en condiciones controladas, de la aplicación al compost de dos dosis de un suplemento comercial utilizando dos variedades híbridas de champiñón diferentes. Se han llevado a cabo para ello dos ciclos de cultivo. Los rendimientos se ven positivamente afectados como consecuencia de la suplementación, de manera significativa con la variedad del tipo híbrido blanco liso. Esta variedad proporciona mayor número de carpóforos y mayores rendimientos que la del tipo híbrido blanco grueso, aunque los champiñones presentaron menor tamaño. Los parámetros de producción cualitativos no han visto afectados como consecuencia de la suplementación. Esta práctica supone incrementos moderados de la temperatura del compost durante la fase de crecimiento vegetativo. Los resultados obtenidos confirman el interés de la suplementación del compost para aumentar la productividad.

Violencia contra las mujeres: el papel del sector salud en la legislación internacional Violence against women: the role of the health sector in international legislation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaby Ortiz-Barreda

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar y describir las responsabilidades que se atribuyen a las administraciones sanitarias en materia de prevención y atención de la violencia contra las mujeres en la legislación internacional sobre este tema. Métodos: Análisis de contenido de las leyes de violencia contra las mujeres recopiladas en The Annual Review of Law of Harvard University, UN Secretary-General's database on Violence against Women, International Digest of Health Legislation y Stop Violence against Women. Se identificaron y seleccionaron las leyes que hacían mención explícita a la participación del sector salud en intervenciones de violencia contra las mujeres. Se clasificaron las intervenciones según los niveles de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en su Informe Mundial sobre Violencia y Salud (2002. Resultados: De 115 países analizados, 55 disponen de leyes sobre la violencia contra las mujeres que contemplan la participación del sector salud en sus intervenciones. En la mayoría, esta participación se centra en la denuncia de casos detectados y la atención de casos derivados de servicios policiales. Se identificaron 24 leyes que hacían mención a intervenciones específicamente desarrolladas por el sector salud, sobre todo de prevención terciaria. Las leyes de México, Colombia, Argentina, El Salvador, España y Filipinas integran intervenciones relacionadas con los tres niveles de prevención. Conclusiones: Una cuarta parte de las leyes sobre la violencia contra las mujeres estudiadas incorporan intervenciones específicas del sector salud. Esto sugiere que todavía es incipiente el abordaje integral del problema. Se requiere un mayor aprovechamiento de las potencialidades de este sector en intervenciones previas a las consecuencias de la violencia contra las mujeres.Objectives: To identify and describe the responsibilities attributed to health administrations in preventing

Análise quantitativa das células de Langerhans em mucosa bucal de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea alogênico com doença enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica

OpenAIRE

Érika Sinara Lenharo Orti-Raduan

2007-01-01

A doença enxerto contra hospedeiro é uma complicação comum nos pacientes submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea alogênico. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o esclarecimento da participação das células de Langerhans na doença enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica (GVHDc) quando de sua ocorrência na mucosa bucal, foram analisados 40 pacientes oncohematológicos e hematológicos submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea alogênico no Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jaú - SP. Cortes microscópicos de 3µm d...

Regulación de la actividad biológica de las células NK por receptores de tipo toll y por células dendríticas. Implicancias en la inmunidad contra tumores.

OpenAIRE

Girart, María Victoria

2009-01-01

Las células NK son células linfoides importantes en la defensa del huésped contra patógenos intracelulares y en la inmunovigilancia contra tumores. Ejercen su actividad biológica a través de la elaboración de citoquinas y el desarrollo de actividad citotóxica, funciones reguladas por familias de receptores activadores e inhibidores. Las células NK humanas expresan receptores de tipo Toll (TLRs) tales como TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9, entre otros. Sin embargo poco se conoce acerca del impacto de l...

Violencia contra mujeres embarazadas entre las usuarias del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social: un estudio sobre determinantes, prevalencia y severidad

OpenAIRE

Roberto Castro; Gregorio Agustín Ruiz; María de la Luz Arenas Monreal; Sergio Juárez Márquez; Nora Barrios Martínez Rojas

2002-01-01

Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta entre 446 mujeres usuarias de los servicios de salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Morelos, que se encontraban en su tercer trimestre de embarazo. El objetivo era indagar si la violencia contra mujeres se incrementa durante el embarazo o si, por el contrario, disminuye. Se encontró que la prevalencia no varió en ambos periodos (aproximadamente 15 por ciento, en general). En cambio, la severidad de l...

Against inequality Contra la desigualdad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dugger William

1998-12-01

es impracticable porque el Estado siempre actua, aún cuando siga políticas económicas no intervencionistas. En contra del simplismo de quienes defienden la disyunción 'Estado o mercado'. En cuanto a la desigualdad, resume así el problema central de nuestra época: ¿Cuánta desigualdad creará y permitirá el Estado para preservar la estructura de mercado?

Protective effects of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus against hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal women.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noriko Kanaya

Full Text Available Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD includes various hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Estrogen provides a protective effect on the development of NAFLD in women. Therefore, postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis is an early stage of fatty liver disease. Steatosis can develop to the aggressive stages (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Currently, there is no specific drug to prevent/treat these liver diseases. In this study, we found that white button mushroom (WBM, Agaricus Bisporus, has protective effects against liver steatosis in ovariectomized (OVX mice (a model of postmenopausal women. OVX mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with WBM powder. We found that dietary WBM intake significantly lowered liver weight and hepatic injury markers in OVX mice. Pathological examination of liver tissue showed less fat accumulation in the livers of mice on WBM diet; moreover, these animals had improved glucose clearance ability. Microarray analysis revealed that genes related to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, particularly the genes for fatty acid synthetase (Fas and fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6, were down-regulated in the liver of mushroom-fed mice. In vitro mechanistic studies using the HepG2 cell line showed that down-regulation of the expression of FAS and ELOVL6 by WBM extract was through inhibition of Liver X receptor (LXR signaling and its downstream transcriptional factor SREBP1c. These results suggest that WBM is protective against hepatic steatosis and NAFLD in OVX mice as a model for postmenopausal women.

Desarrollo de vacunas contra el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1: Relevancia de la inmunidad celular contra subtipos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana María Rodríguez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Han pasado casi 30 años de la detección de los primeros casos de infección con HIV-1 y aún no se ha conseguido desarrollar una vacuna efectiva y segura. A pesar del impacto positivo sobre la pandemia que se ha conseguido gracias a los avances en la terapia antirretroviral (TARV, el HIV/sida sigue constituyendo un grave problema para la salud pública, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, donde es difícil el acceso al tratamiento. En el mundo, 33 millones de personas viven con el virus del sida, mientras que en la Argentina se calcula que habría unos 120 000 infectados. Uno de los desafíos para lograr una vacuna contra el HIV es la variabilidad viral. El grupo M, responsable de la pandemia, se encuentra dividido en 10 subtipos y varios sub-subtipos, además de las 48 formas recombinantes circulantes y más de cien formas recombinantes únicas. La epidemia de HIV en nuestro país es tan compleja como en el resto del mundo, con la co-circulación principalmente de virus pertenecientes al subtipo B y recombinantes BF (CRF12_BF y derivadas. A pesar de la cantidad de trabajos dedicados a la caracterización de la respuesta inmune y al desarrollo de vacunas, no queda claro cuál es el impacto de la variabilidad en la elección del antígeno. Trabajos realizados en nuestro laboratorio demuestran el papel que juega la inmunidad celular con respecto a las variantes recombinantes BF, tanto en humanos como en modelos animales. Estos resultados son de importancia en el desarrollo de futuras vacunas para nuestra región.

TECNOLOGIAS EDUCATIVAS PARA PROMOÇÃO DA VACINAÇÃO CONTRA O PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris Nayara da Conceição Souza Interaminense

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las tecnologías educativas construidas y/o utilizados para la promoción de la vacunación contra el Papillomaviridae. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, en las bases de datos CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, BDENF y Adolec, utilizando los descriptores de la tecnología, la vacunación, el VPH, la tecnología educativa y la educación sanitaria. La muestra final de 11 artículos originales publicados en Inglés. De estas sales se encontraron en PubMed; cuatro eran 2011 y ocho fueron desarrollados en los Estados Unidos. En más de la mitad (6, el nivel de evidencia era cuatro y, de acuerdo con el rigor metodológico, casi todos (10 tenían nivel A. El video era la tecnología más citado de la educación (5, y los dispositivos electrónicos de mensajes, páginas web, programa de ordenador, la telenovela y materiales de impresión. La investigación futura debe ser desarrollado para la identificación de tecnologías, con el fin de mejorar la adherencia al programa de vacunación contra el Papillomaviridae.

La legislación contra el dopaje en España y Francia = Anti-Doping Laws in Spain and France

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Palomar Olmeda

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El dopaje se considera una de las peores lacras del deporte, no solo por alterar los resultados de las competiciones deportivas sino, sobre todo, por el daño que provoca en la salud de los deportistas. España y Francia han dictado leyes para combatir el dopaje, con una fuerte intervención pública en la materia. En España se ha dictado la Ley Orgánica 3/2013, de 20 de junio, de protección de la salud del deportista y lucha contra el dopaje en la actividad deportiva, mientras que en Francia la lucha contra el dopaje se regula en el Código del Deporte. Este trabajo describirá los aspectos fundamentales de ambas normas, en lo que respecta al dopaje.----------------------------------------------------------------Doping is considered one of the worst scourges of the sport, not only modify the results of sports competitions but, above all, for the damage caused to the health of athletes. Spain and France has passed laws to combat doping with strong government intervention in the matter. Spain has issued the Law 3/2013, of June 20, for the protection of the health of athletes and the fight against doping in sport, while in France the fight against doping is regulated in the Code of Sports. This paper will describe the basis of both regulations in relation to doping.

PURIFICACIÓN DE IgY CONTRA LA SUBUNIDAD NR3 DEL RECEPTOR NMDA DE CEREBRO DE RATA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gina Méndez C

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Obtener anticuerpos tipo IgY contra péptidos sintéticos de las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA de ratas, para reconocer y seguir la expresión de estas subunidades en extractos de cerebro de rata de diferentes edades. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñaron dos péptidos empleando los sistemas de la base de datos Entrez y el programa ClustalW-PBIL de alineamientos múltiples contra las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA; una vez sintetizados por el método SSPS-fmoc fueron utilizados para inocular gallinas (Gallus gallus, variedad Hy Line Brown de 16 semanas de edad; al cabo de 57 días postinoculación se purificó IgY específica y se enfrentaron a extractos de cerebro de rata postnatal y adulta. Resultados. Se detectaron las subunidades NR3A y NR3B y se relacionó su expresión con la edad del animal; siendo mayor la expresión de la subunidad NR3A en extracto de cerebro de rata postnatal. No se encontró diferencia marcada en la expresión de la subunidad NR3B en las edades mencionadas. Conclusiones. Esta es la primera investigación que emplea proteína nativa para el reconocimiento de la subunidad NR3 del receptor NMDA, lo cual muestra la especificidad de los anticuerpos generados y contribuye con el entendimiento de las funciones de este receptor y su relación con la regulación de la memoria espacial.

Actividad contra Leishmania sp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae de plantas en una Reserva Biológica de Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Misael Chinchilla-Carmona

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La leishmaniosis es una enfermedad muy importante para el ser humano pero su tratamiento es bastante difícil. Por esta razón muchos investigadores han venido buscando plantas que contengan componentes químicos activos contra esta parasitosis. En Costa Rica no se tienen estudios al respecto y por eso el objetivo de este estudio fue la búsqueda de componentes activos contra Leishmania sp. en plantas de Costa Rica; 67 especies de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB fueron seleccionadas para realizar este trabajo. Para ello se prepararon extractos crudos hidro-alcohólicos de material fresco o desecado de raíz, tallo, hojas maduras o tiernas, flores y frutos inmaduros o maduros. Usando pruebas presuntivas y luego específicas, se analizó el efecto de tales extractos sobre una cepa de Leishmania (OCR. Se consideraron plantas promisorias solamente aquellas en que al menos una de sus partes presentara un CI50<100µg/mL. Las plantas seleccionadas fueron: Bocconia frutescens, Clematis dioica,Cordia megalantha, Eugenia austin-smithii, Guarea bullata, Guateria tonduzii, Mikania holwayana, Nectandra membranacea,Neurolaena lobata, Persea povedae, Piper auritum, Rollinia pittieri, Solanum arboreum, Tetrorchidium euryphyllum, Witheringia solanacea y Zanthoxylum juniperinum. Existió una ligera tendencia de positividad mayor para los extractos frescos y la actividad se presentó en una y hasta más de cuatro partes de la planta. La mayoría de los extractos activos no fueron tóxicos. Se discute la importancia de estos nuevos hallazgos, en relación con el nuevo conocimiento científico y su proyección en el tratamiento de la leishmaniosis.

Recomendaciones en la prescripción del entrenamiento con pesas (contra resistencia para diabéticos e hipertensos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jessenia Hernández Elizondo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El organismo humano es capaz de mantener un control bastante preciso de los niveles de glucosa sanguínea durante el reposo y en condiciones de ejercicio, sin embargo las concentraciones de insulina en personas con diabetes no responden al ejercicio de manera normal, y el equilibrio entre la utilización de glucosa periférica y hepática se puede alterar. A pesar de lo anterior, se ha considerado que el ejercicio físico es un elemento clave que provee grandes beneficios a la persona diabética. Por otra parte, una de las patologías que está muy asociada con la diabetes es la hipertensión o presión arterial alta (Hipertensión. Cuando queremos prescribir ejercicio en personas hipertensas debemos recordar que el entrenamiento con pesas no mejora la condición cardiovascular, pero sí hace que los músculos y huesos sean más fuertes y se incremente el metabolismo. El presente trabajo se realizó con el propósito de dar a conocer a los profesionales en Educación Física y en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, los ejercicios de pesas (contra resistencia que no se recomiendan en la prescripción de programas para personas que padecen de diabetes e hipertensión. Además de proveer una herramienta descriptiva y útil para la educación de todas las personas interesadas en la actividad física y especialmente para aquellos que realizan entrenamiento contra resistencia

Building Economic Security Today: making the health-wealth connection in Contra Costa county's maternal and child health programs.

Science.gov (United States)

Parthasarathy, Padmini; Dailey, Dawn E; Young, Maria-Elena D; Lam, Carrie; Pies, Cheri

2014-02-01

In recent years, maternal and child health professionals have been seeking approaches to integrating the Life Course Perspective and social determinants of health into their work. In this article, we describe how community input, staff feedback, and evidence from the field that the connection between wealth and health should be addressed compelled the Contra Costa Family, Maternal and Child Health (FMCH) Programs Life Course Initiative to launch Building Economic Security Today (BEST). BEST utilizes innovative strategies to reduce inequities in health outcomes for low-income Contra Costa families by improving their financial security and stability. FMCH Programs' Women, Infants, and Children Program (WIC) conducted BEST financial education classes, and its Medically Vulnerable Infant Program (MVIP) instituted BEST financial assessments during public health nurse home visits. Educational and referral resources were also developed and distributed to all clients. The classes at WIC increased clients' awareness of financial issues and confidence that they could improve their financial situations. WIC clients and staff also gained knowledge about financial resources in the community. MVIP's financial assessments offered clients a new and needed perspective on their financial situations, as well as support around the financial and psychological stresses of caring for a child with special health care needs. BEST offered FMCH Programs staff opportunities to engage in non-traditional, cross-sector partnerships, and gain new knowledge and skills to address a pressing social determinant of health. We learned the value of flexible timelines, maintaining a long view for creating change, and challenging the traditional paradigm of maternal and child health.

Application of Tragacanth gum impregnated with Satureja khuzistanica essential oil as a natural coating for enhancement of postharvest quality and shelf life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus).

Science.gov (United States)

Nasiri, M; Barzegar, M; Sahari, M A; Niakousari, M

2018-01-01

The effect of Tragacanth gum (TG) coating incorporated with 100, 500 and 1000ppm Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SEO) on the postharvest quality and shelf life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stored at 4±1°C for 16days was investigated. Weight loss, firmness, browning index (BI), total phenolics, ascorbic acid, microbial and sensory quality were measured. The results indicated that treatment with TG containing SEO (TGSEO) maintained 92.4% tissue firmness, and reduced microorganism counts, such as yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas, compared to uncoated samples. Furthermore, mushrooms treated with TGSEO coating exhibited up to 57.1% decreased in BI, significantly higher levels of total phenolics (85.6%) and ascorbic acid accumulation (71.8%) than control and its efficiency was better than that TG coating alone. Sensory evaluation demonstrated the capability of TGSEO coating for preserving the quality of mushroom during the storage. The results obtained endorse that application of TGSEO coating might be a simple and effective technique for prolonging their postharvest shelf life of mushroom by up to 16days. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biomodelo para la evaluación de cepas atenuadas como candidatos vacunales contra el cólera humano. I. Estudio de la virulencia, capacidad de colonización y adherencia a la mucosa intestinal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reynaldo Oliva

2008-04-01

Full Text Available El cólera continúa siendo en muchos países un problema para la salud humana, manteniéndose como una enfermedad epidémica o endémica que afecta tanto a niños como adultos y causa la muerte en casos no tratados. Una vacuna viva oral contra esta enfermedad puede ser la solución. En el presente trabajo se seleccionó y aplicó un biomodelo para la evaluación de cepas atenuadas genéticamente de Vibrio cholerae como candidatas vacunales contra el cólera. La virulencia, capacidad de colonización y adherencia a la mucosa intestinal de las cepas fueron evaluadas mediante el uso de ratones neonatos de 2 a 4 días de nacidos de la línea Balb/c, con un peso entre 1,5-2 g. Los resultados obtenidos con este biomodelo demostraron que las cepas atenuadas genéticamente son no virulentas, colonizan y se adhieren a la mucosa intestinal. Se concluye que el biomodelo utilizado permite la evaluación y selección de cepas candidatas para vacunas vivas orales contra el cólera.

Selection of environmental sustainable fiber materials for wind turbine blades - a contra intuitive process?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Birkved, Morten; Corona, Andrea; Markussen, Christen Malte

2013-01-01

environmental trade-offs over the entire life-span of composite materials, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be applied. In the present case study, four different types of fibers (carbon, glass, flax and carbon/flax mixture) are compared in terms of environmental sustainability and cost. Applying one of the most...... recent life cycle impact assessment methods, it is demonstrated that the environmental sustainability of the mixed carbon/flax fiber based composite material is better than that of the flax fibers alone. This observation may be contra-intuitive, but is mainly caused by the fact that the bio...... impacts in relation to the production of the carbon and glass fibers considerable compared to the impacts resulting from resin production. The ideal fiber solution, in terms of environmental sustainability, is hence the fiber composition having the lowest resin demand and lowest overall energy demand...

Proteção do cafeeiro contra cercosporiose por acibenzolar-S-metil e proteína harpina

OpenAIRE

Galdeano,Diogo Manzano; Guzzo,Sylvia Dias; Patrício,Flávia Rodrigues Alves; Harakava,Ricardo

2010-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em cafeeiro suscetível, a proteção contra a cercosporiose, pela aplicação da proteína harpina e acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM), e avaliar seu efeito na germinação de conídios e crescimento micelial in vitro. No primeiro experimento, cafeeiros tratados com ASM (25, 50, 100, 200 μg mL-1) receberam o inóculo de uma suspensão de conídios de Cercospora coffeicola, e a severidade da doença foi avaliada aos 30 e 60 dias após a inoculação. No segundo experimento...

Guerra contra as drogas: uma análise sob a perspectiva do princípio da proporcionalidade

OpenAIRE

Andrade, Olavo Hamilton Ayres Freire de

2013-01-01

As substâncias entorpecentes acompanham a humanidade desde o início da civilização. No entanto, várias delas foram consideradas proscritas ao longo do tempo. Seu combate foi inaugurado na comunidade internacional a partir do começo do século XX. No início, tinha o condão eminentemente moral, porquanto a proibição encerrava, por princípio, a proteção da ética ameaçada pelo padrão desviado do consumo de estupefacientes. Na década de 1970, a guerra contra as drogas, expressão cunh...

Estudio del sistema de protección contra incendio de una planta de hidrocarburos de acuerdo a normas internacionales

OpenAIRE

Huarcaya Becerra, Hernan; Huarcaya Becerra, Hernan

2001-01-01

Dentro del marco de adecuar las instalaciones a una condición segura, dentro de las normas internacionales y mejorar la confiabilidad de las Instalaciones TRANSREDES S.A., se ha identificado la necesidad de instalar el sistema de contra incendio en las instalaciones de bombeo y compresión Para llegar a este punto se ha realizado previamente un análisis de riesgo y una ingeniería básica asociada que incluye el diseño básico conceptual, las mejoras a implementar, recomendacion...

Protestas contra la minería en Guatemala. ¿Qué papel juegan las élites en los conflictos?

OpenAIRE

Bull, Benedicte; Aguilar-Støen, Mariel

2016-01-01

Las protestas de los movimientos contra la industria extractiva, particularmente en Guatemala, han sido enfrentadas en la mayoría de los casos con respuestas violentas de parte del Gobierno y de las compañías mineras. El análisis pone particular atención a la forma en la que las élites operan y construyen alianzas, y manejan los recursos y medios para imponerse, generalmente con violencia. El análisis presentado en este artículo sugiere que la respuesta violenta del Gobierno es el resultado d...

La violencia contra niños y niñas: un problema global de abordaje local, mediante la IAP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Acosta-Ayerbe

2013-03-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo nos ocupamos de las dimensiones y gravedad de la presencia actual de la violencia1 contra la niñez, reflejada en diferentes estudios, informes y recomendaciones de gobiernos y organismos nacionales e internacionales, y de la necesidad de recurrir a opciones de trabajo como la Investigación Acción Participativa, IAP, que permitan abordar la complejidad de los sujetos implicados, por la particularidad que traza la convergencia de factores sociales, culturales, económicos, familiares, personales y jurídicos, en cada contexto.

Costos empresariales de la violencia contra las mujeres en el emporio comercial de Gamarra en Lima- Perú: 2014

OpenAIRE

Asencios Gonzalez, Zaida Beatriz

2015-01-01

En el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra (ECG), las mujeres cumplen un papel fundamental conformando el 60% de la Población Económicamente Activa ocupada en las Micro y Pequeñas empresas (MYPES). En el Perú no existen estudios que estimen los costos empresariales de la violencia contra las mujeres (VcM) en las MYPES; no obstante, 2 de cada 10 mujeres que trabajan en las medianas y grandes empresas han sido víctima de algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas o ex parejas durante los últimos ...

Aplicación tópica de liposomas ultradeformables para terapia fotodinámica contra Leishmaniasis cutánea

OpenAIRE

Martinetti Montanari, Jorge Anibal

2009-01-01

Martinetti Montanari, J. A. (2009). Aplicación tópica de liposomas ultradeformables para terapia fotodinámica contra Leishmaniasis cutánea (Tesis de Doctorado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. La Leishmaniasis aun en el año 2009 sigue siendo un problema sin solución. Al presente existen 12 millones de personas infectadas en 88 países, con una incidencia de 2.000.000 personas infectadas/año, de las cuales 500.000 sufren leishmaniasis visceral, y el restante millón y medi...

La lucha de la Unión Europea contra el crimen organizado transnacional. Estudio de caso: tráfico ilegal de armas pequeñas y ligeras provenientes de Albania y Kosovo (2001-2005)

OpenAIRE

García Pinilla, Juan Daniel

2014-01-01

En el contexto de la lucha de la Unión Europea contra el crimen organizado transnacional, el tráfico ilegal de armas pequeñas y ligeras proveniente de los grupos criminales albaneses y kosovares, es uno de los delitos a los que la Unión Europea ha tenido que hacer frente. Así pues, esta investigación logró analizar cómo la falta de coordinación de las políticas europeas implementadas para luchar contra el tráfico ilegal de armas pequeñas y ligeras y la corrupción estatal en Albania y Kosovo, ...

Encefalitis autoinmunitaria asociada a anticuerpos contra el receptor N-metil-D-aspartato: presentación de dos casos

OpenAIRE

José Bustos; Yasmin Sánchez; Jhon Medina; Rommy Olivieri; Julián Mojica; Johan Ortiz

2017-01-01

La encefalitis asociada a anticuerpos contra receptores N-metil-D-aspartato es un síndrome neurológico que se presenta más comúnmente en mujeres jóvenes y frecuentemente se asocia al teratoma de ovario. Se caracteriza por un cuadro clínico agudo con síntomas generales inespecíficos que evoluciona hacia deterioro neurológico, psicosis y convulsiones; en su etapa más avanzada, se asocia con movimientos anormales y disautonomía. Se reportan dos casos en mujeres de 23 y 12 años. Dada su baja i...

Prevalência de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados na artrite idiopática juvenil The prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra H. Machado

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados em uma coorte de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil. MÉTODOS: A presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA no soro de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil com idade inferior a 18 anos, acompanhados no ambulatório de reumatologia pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, com tempo de diagnóstico de doença de, no mínimo, 6 meses. Também foi estudada a presença do fator reumatóide IgM e do fator antinuclear em células Hep-2 RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas amostras séricas de 45 pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil. A presença de títulos elevados de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados foi encontrada somente no soro de uma criança (2%, a qual apresentava quadro de poliartrite com fator reumatóide reagente. CONCLUSÕES: O anticorpo contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados pode ser detectado em crianças com artrite idiopática juvenil, mas em freqüência muito inferior aos adultos com artrite reumatóide. Torna-se importante avaliar se anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados podem identificar os pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil com potencial de evolução para artrite reumatóide do adulto.OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. METHODS: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was tested for with an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA in serum samples of patients from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, all less than 18 years old and with previous diagnosis for at least 6 months. IgMRF (rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies in Hep-2 cells were also assayed. RESULTS: Serum samples were analyzed from 45 patients. The presence of high levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was found

Usage of Edible Mushrooms in Various Food Products

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Özge Süfer

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Using of edible mushrooms which are generally consumed in houses in dried form is based on mainly instant soup and sauce formulations. Recently, the cultivations of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus species have become widespread. Utilization of these cultivated mushrooms in recipes would bring added value to related food products. For this purpose, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus species farmed in Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Mushroom House were dried and then pulverized. Firstly, a snack was prepared with Agaricus bisporus powder. Agaricus bisporus powder was substituted for wheat flour at the rates of 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % and thus the potential of food product which had relatively lower carbohydrate and fat level and higher fiber content was investigated. In the second part of the study, either 5 %, 10 % of Agaricus bisporus powder or 5 %, 10 % of Pleurotus ostreatus powder were added into traditional Turkish meatball (beef mince, salt which was cooked in conventional oven, so meat flavor could be replaced by herbal flavor coming from mushroom. This property mat obey the purpose that, the created new product will be consumed fondly especially by children. Sensory and physical (colour and texture analysis were performed in both snack and meatball samples and the results were evaluated statistically.

DEGRADAÇÃO DO VÍNCULO PARENTAL E VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A CRIANÇA: O USO DO GENOGRAMA FAMILIAR NA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA PEDIÁTRICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Égle Thomaz Leoncio

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância da utilização do genograma familiar na consulta pediátrica como ferramenta de análise da presença de degradação do vínculo parental e da violência contra a criança. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, conduzido em 2011. A população compreendeu 63 crianças, com idades entre 2 e 6 anos, matriculadas em creche. Para a construção do genograma, a coleta dos dados se deu em quatro momentos: avaliação pediátrica na creche; entrevista dos cuidadores; entrevista dos professores; e entrevista da coordenadora da creche. Foram utilizados os dados sobre as famílias para a construção dos genogramas, com auxilio do programa GenoPro®-2016. Na avaliação da qualidade de vínculo, foram incluídos na representação do genograma: violência contra a criança, dependência química, negligência, transtorno mental, tipo de relação entre os membros da família. Resultados: As crianças e respectivas famílias avaliadas deram origem a 55 genogramas. Em 38 deles, observaram-se arranjos familiares funcionais e com vínculos afetivos próximos ou muito próximos. Em 17 dos casos, evidenciaram-se situações que envolviam violência física, emocional ou sexual contra as crianças. Dentre esses, quatro representavam casos mais extremos, com esgarçamento do vinculo parental e arranjos familiares disfuncionais. Nessas famílias predominava a dependência química de múltiplos membros, transtorno mental grave, agressões física e verbal persistentes e abuso sexual. Conclusões: A utilização do genograma auxilia na identificação precoce da degradação do vínculo parental e da violência praticada contra a criança e, quando incorporada à prática pediátrica rotineira, pode contribuir para a promoção de uma assistência integral à saúde da criança, independentemente da presença de vulnerabilidades social.

Mulher na Mídia: uma análise crítica das abordagens sobre casos de violência contra mulher em jornais do Maranhão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geysa Fernandes Ribeiro

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho temos a preocupação de analisar criticamente as abordagens dos jornais maranhenses “O Estado” e “Jornal Pequeno” sobre os casos de violência contra as mulheres nos anos de 2013 a 2015, avaliando 307 reportagens. Além disso, pretendemos identificar como a imagem da mulher é construída pela mídia, verificar os discursos utilizados nos jornais ao relatar casos de violência contra a mulher, discutir a relevância dada a esses tipos de violência e destacar a frequência com que os jornais reservam espaços para comunicar as formas de denúncia em situações que envolvem violência à mulher. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de abordagem dialético, que considera que os fatos não podem ser considerados fora do seu contexto social. Nesta pesquisa discutimos gênero como uma categoria que é construída socialmente e sua relação com o fenômeno da violência. Destacamos o espaço de poder ocupado pela mídia, mostrando como esta pode construir o discurso da violência e ser até certo ponto conivente com tipos de violação.  A partir das análises realizadas, é possível constatar que há nas notícias publicadas nos jornais impressos mais destaque às imagens do que à contextualização dos fatos. Dessa forma, podemos perceber que: os casos de violência contra as mulheres estão na sua grande maioria nas páginas policiais dos jornais; mesmo quando uma notícia não se refere exclusivamente a uma prática feminina é a figura da mulher que é colocada em evidência; os discursos utilizados para falar sobre a violência contra a mulher é meramente descritivo; só são temas de reportagens as violências físicas e sexuais; e não há nos casos de violência, informações sobre as leis e políticas públicas que podem assegurar as mulheres em situação de violência. De modo geral, os jornais têm sido um espaço muito mais comercial do que propriamente informativo.Palavras- chave: Mulher, Violência e Mídia

Historia oral de una maloca sitiada en el Amazonas: Aspectos de la rebelión de Yarocamena contra la Casa Arana, en 1917

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Pineda Camacho

1989-01-01

Full Text Available Basándose en fuentes en su mayor parte orales, comparadas, el autor construye la narración histórica: La rebelión de muchos grupos indígenas del Putumayo, trabajadores esclavos en la explotación del caucho, contra su opresor La Casa Arana; cuyo resultado final es la matanza de los caucheros, orquestada por el Ejército peruano.

Poder académico versus autoridad femenina: la Facultad de Medicina de París contra Jacoba Félicié ( 1322 )

OpenAIRE

Cabré Pairet, Montserrat; Salmón Muñiz, Fernando

1999-01-01

Este artículo analiza el juicio que la Facultad de Medicina de París incoó contra Jacoba Félicié en 1322. Partiendo de las narrativas de sus pacientes, intenta interpretar la práctica médica de Jacoba y la naturaleza específica de la relación establecida con sus pacientes. Para identificar y describir esta relación, utilizamos una distinción básica entre poder y autoridad.

Evaluación del impacto de la vacuna contra rotavirus en Colombia usando métodos rápidos de evaluación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karol Cotes

2013-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar la efectividad de la vacuna monovalente antirrotavírica para prevenir la hospitalización por enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de 2 años en cinco ciudades de Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta poblacional sobre una muestra probabilística de niños mayores de 2 meses y menores de 24 meses de edad en cinco ciudades de Colombia (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena y Riohacha en el período de agosto a octubre de 2010. La vacuna fue introducida en el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones en enero de 2009. Se estimaron las coberturas de vacunación contra rotavirus por grupos de edad y la incidencia acumulada de hospitalización por diarrea severa, y se evaluó la magnitud de la asociación entre la vacunación con una o dos dosis de vacuna antirrotavírica y la hospitalización por diarrea, utilizando la razón de probabilidades (RP ajustada por edad y otros factores de importancia epidemiológica. La efectividad de la vacunación se estimó usando la expresión 1 - RP. RESULTADOS: La cobertura de vacunación con una dosis de vacuna fue de 87,3%. En los 12 meses previos a la encuesta 43,2% (1 453 niños de menores de 24 meses presentaron diarrea, y de ellos, 5,2% (174 niños fueron hospitalizados por esta causa. La efectividad de dos dosis de vacuna antirrotavírica para prevenir la hospitalización por diarrea severa fue de 68% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 55%-77%. CONCLUSIONES: La vacunación contra rotavirus en Colombia protege contra la hospitalización por diarrea por cualquier causa. El uso de encuestas transversales se mostró adecuado para evaluar rápidamente la efectividad de un programa de vacunación con una nueva vacuna.

Reincidência da violência contra crianças no Município de Curitiba: um olhar de gênero Reincidencia de la violencia contra niños en el Municipio de Curitiba: una mirada de género Recurrence of violence against children in the municipality of Curitiba: a look at gender

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Analisar a reincidência de violência infantil no Município de Curitiba - Paraná e compreender o fenômeno com base na perspectiva de gênero. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritivo exploratório. Dentre as 338 notificações de violência contra crianças de zero a 9 anos de idade junto à Rede de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente dessa cidade com última notificação em 2009 foram analisados 300 casos por serem reincidentes. RESULTADOS: A totalidade dos casos foi de violência intrafamiliar e a reincidência mais frequente foi a negligência, tendo com principal agressora a mãe. A violência sexual apareceu mais entre as meninas, com casos reincidentes no mesmo tipo ou com a negligência antecedendo. A manifestação da violência reincidente contra crianças apresentou-se sobreposta, recorrente, com tendência a agravar-se com a evolução dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A violência contra as crianças é determinada por relações de poder determinadas pelas categorias gênero e geração, que produzem iniquidades potencializadoras da vulnerabilidade familiar em relação à violência. O olhar crítico sobre essa questão pode indicar medidas de superação no tocante à assistência e à prevenção de sua ocorrência e reincidência tanto do setor saúde como de outros setores.OBJETIVOS: Analizar la reincidencia de la violencia infantil en el Municipio de Curitiba - Paraná y comprender el fenómeno con base en la perspectiva de género. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo exploratorio. De las 338 notificaciones de violencia contra niños de cero a 9 años de edad, junto a la Red de Protección al Niño y Adolescente de esa ciudad con última notificación en 2009, fueron analizados 300 casos por ser reincidentes. RESULTADOS: La totalidad de los casos fue de violencia intrafamiliar y la reincidencia más frecuente fue la negligencia, teniendo como principal agresora a la

La Aproximación de las Estrategias de la UE y EEUU en la Lucha contra la Proliferación de Armas de Destrucción Masiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milagros Álvarez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El cambio en el seno de la Administración estadounidense tras las elecciones de 2008 y la consiguiente adopción de nuevos documentos estratégicos en la lucha contra la proliferación de armas de destrucción masiva suscitan nuevamente el interés de su comparación con los planteamientos defendidos por la UE, al objeto de identificar la posible emergencia de nuevos márgenes de coincidencia entre ambos actores internacionales y, con ello, el impulso a nuevos compromisos en el régimen de no proliferación. La comparación revela tres tendencias fundamentales: estancamiento en el proceso de mejora y perfeccionamiento de la regulación prevista para las armas químicas y biológicas, desarrollo selectivo del régimen de no proliferación nuclear, y consolidación de la cooperación informal y ad hoc como instrumento contra la proliferación de ADM.

AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA TEORIA SÓCIO-HISTÓRICA

OpenAIRE

Esber, Karen Michel

2008-01-01

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é o de analisar a subjetividade de três autores de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, que se encontram encarcerados na Agência Goiana do Sistema Prisional, fundamentando-se na teoria sócio-histórica de Vygotsky. Assim, o método do materialismo histórico e dialético e a pesquisa qualitativa foram pressupostos fundantes da perspectiva adotada. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, contou-se com três procedimentos metodológicos difer...

Proposição de um índice do enfrentamento governamental à violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suely Deslandes

2015-08-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta o processo de construção do Índice de Enfrentamento de Violência Intrafamiliar (IEVI, cujo objetivo é avaliar estratégias da gestão municipal em face dessa violação de direitos infantojuvenis. Sua formulação envolveu análise preliminar de indicadores de estudos anteriores e técnica grupo nominal com especialistas. Foram selecionados quatro indicadores: existência de Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento das Violências contra Crianças e Adolescentes; existência de fluxo intersetorial para atendimento e acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência intrafamiliar e suas famílias; taxa de Conselhos Tutelares por habitantes do município; e existência, nas redes municipais de educação, assistência social e saúde, de instrumentos padronizados para notificação/comunicação das situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes. Com base em banco de dados de estudo anterior, foi realizado o exercício de aplicação em quatro capitais brasileiras. O IEVI constitui uma ferramenta para monitorar e mobilizar esforços para a implantação de ações de enfrentamento da violência.

Factores diagnósticos endoscópicos y pronósticos relacionados con el Helicobacter Pylori en la enfermedad injerto contra huésped tras el trasplante alogénico de células hematopoyéticas

OpenAIRE

Velasco Guardado, Antonio

2016-01-01

[ES] INTRODUCCIÓN: El trabajo consta de tres artículos originales relacionados por un lado con el diagnóstico endoscópico e histológico en la Enfermedad de Injerto contra Huésped (EICH) tras el trasplante alogénico de células hematopoyéticas (TACH) y por otro sobre el papel que juega la infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) en dicha enfermedad. El tracto gastrointestinal es la principal diana de la Enfermedad de Injerto contra Huésped. Su diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos endoscópicos e ...

Pesquisa de anticorpos contra o sarampo em crianças infectadas pelo HIV, após a imunização básica Search of antimeasles antibodies in HIV-infected children after basic immunization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia R. Lindgren-Alves

2001-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar a presença de anticorpos contra o sarampo em crianças com infecção perinatal pelo HIV e devidamente imunizadas. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado em Belo Horizonte, entre 1995 e 1996. Foram incluídas 21 crianças com infecção perinatal pelo HIV e 29 crianças imunocompetentes não-infectadas. Informações acerca da vacina contra o sarampo foram obtidas do cartão de imunizações dos pacientes. A pesquisa de anticorpos contra o sarampo foi realizada pelos testes de neutralização por redução de placa e dosagem de IgM pela técnica de ELISA. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% em todas as análises estatísticas realizadas. RESULTADOS: a mediana de idade dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV foi de 44,5 meses, e das crianças não-infectadas, de 62,0 meses (P=0,64.Os grupos receberam em média 2 doses da vacina contra o sarampo. Todos os pacientes soronegativos para o HIV apresentaram títulos de anticorpos contra o sarampo superiores a 50 mUI/ml, enquanto 57,1% das crianças infectadas apresentaram títulos acima deste valor (P=0,0001. O título geométrico médio de anticorpos neutralizantes foi significativamente menor no grupo de crianças com infecção pelo HIV (433,5 mUI/ml do que no grupo de não-infectados(1668,1 mUI/ml, P=0,001. Todos os pacientes dos dois grupos foram negativos para a pesquisa de IgM contra o sarampo. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças infectadas pelo HIV apresentaram menor soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o sarampo após a imunização do que as crianças não-infectadas. Esses resultados alertam para o risco potencial de aquisição do vírus do sarampo, e apontam a necessidade de avaliar alternativas para a imunização das crianças infectadas pelo HIV, no sentido de maximizar a proteção contra o sarampo nesse grupo de pacientes.OBJECTIVE: to determine the presence of antimeasles antibodies in children perinatally infected with HIV and properly immunized. METHODS: a

Opciones vacunales contra los virus patógenos de porcinos PRRS y PCV2, un binomio frecuente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Cajero-Juárez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En la última década, el síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS, por sus siglas en inglés y las enfermedades asociadas al circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2, por sus siglas en inglés, representan una gran preocupación para la industria porcícola, debido a la afectación de los índices productivos. En consecuencia, su presencia va acompañada de cuantiosas pérdidas económicas. Actualmente, en la mayoría de los centros de producción, se utilizan vacunas clásicas, es decir, elaboradas a partir del virus completo viable ó atenuado. En relación al PCV2, se dispone de pocas vacunas de nueva generación, referidas como aquellas obtenidas a través de la tecnología del ADN recombinante, mientras que, únicamente vacunas clásicas están disponibles contra el virus PRRSV. En este manuscrito, revisamos la naturaleza de los virus PRRSV y PCV2, así también, resaltamos la importancia económica, de acuerdo a los datos de prevalencia nacional e internacional. Además, se incluyen datos de nuevas opciones vacunales, en relación con las vacunas comerciales que, en algunos casos, se ha documentado una baja protección contra cepas heterólogas y cepas de reciente aparición. Por un lado, la investigación en vacunas de nueva generación, ha tenido buena aceptación, debido a la posibilidad de seleccionar la información genética del virus para estimular la respuesta inmune protectora del hospedero y, por otro, porque se acelera el desarrollo de vacunas, e incluso, es posible evitar las infecciones de las cuales es responsable el virus vacunal.