Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gal, D [Central Isotope Laboratory, University of Szeged (Hungary); Guczi, L [Department of Radiology, Elelmiszeripari Kutato Intezet, Budapest (Hungary)
1962-03-15
comparacion de esos resultados con otros datos cineticos, se puede demostrar que la autooxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico en fase liquida constituye una reaccion en cadena ramificada, una de cuyas ramas principales es la formacion de Na{sub 2}S y su oxidacion subsiguiente. Los autores tambien comprobaron que el sulfato que aparece durante la reaccion, procede exclusivamente del sulfuro inorganico. El hierro cataliza la formacion de disulfuro organico y, por lo tanto, ejerce tambien influencia sobre la formacion del sulfuro. (author) [Russian] Mnogie issledovateli izuchali protsessy samookisleniya slozhnykh veshchestv, soderzhashchikh merkaptonovuyu gruppu, s pomoshch'yu molekulyarnogo kisloroda v zhidkoj faze. Ukazyvalos', chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fid, no do sikh por ne udavalos' opredelit' tochnogo mekhanizma ehtogo protsessa. Bylo provedeno issledovanie okisleniya merkaptouksusnoj kisloty pri 50{sup o} i pri pH = 8 kak v prisutstvii kompleksona IV, tak i v prisutstvii zheleza. V sistemu byl vveden Na{sub 2}S, mechennyj S{sup 35}, i bylo ustanovleno, chto Na{sub 2}S znachitel'no uvelichivaet skorost' zakhvata kisloroda kak pri protsesse katalizirovannym zhelezom, tak i v protsesse, svobodnom ot ionov zheleza. Vo vremya reaktsii byli izmereny kontsentratsiya sul'fida, ego udel'naya aktivnost' i obshchaya aktivnost'. Na osnovanii ehtikh dannykh i blagodarya vyrabotannomu Nejmanom i ego sotrudnikami kineticheskomu metodu izotopov, predstavilos' vozmozhnym podschitat' temp obrazovaniya sul'fida i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Sopostavlenie ehtikh dannykh s drugimi kineticheskimi dannymi pokazalo, chto okislenie merkaptouksusnoj kisloty v zhidkoj faze yavlyaetsya tsepnoj reaktsiej odna iz glavnykh tsepej v ehtoj reaktsii obrazuetsya posredstvom obrazovaniya Na{sub 2}S i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Krome togo, bylo ustanovleno, chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fat, no tol'ko cherez posredstvo neorganicheskogo sul'fida. Zhelezo katalizirovalo obrazovanie
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bellion, B.; Denti, E.; Massagli, A. [Sorin, Centro Ricerche Nucleari, Saluggia (Italy)
1963-11-15
Sodium p-amino-salicylate cannot be sterilized thermally. During manufacture or packing for medical purposes it must therefore be handled under sterilized conditions, with all the difficulties which this involves. The paper quotes experimental data to show that, using gamma irradiation, the product may be sterilized without damage and without the formation of substances harmful from the medical standpoint. (author) [French] Le p-amino salicylate de sodium ne peut Etre sterilise par la chaleur. Pour l'emploi de ce produit comme medicament on est donc oblige de l e manipuler tant pour la fabrication que pour l'emballage, dans des locaux steriles, avec toutes les difficultes qui s'ensuivent. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont pu demontrer experimentalement la possibilite de steriliser le produit par irradiation gamma, sans endommager le produit et sans formation de substances nocives pour l'emploi medical. (author) [Spanish] El pamino salicilato de sodio no puede esterilizarse por vfa termica y, por lo tanto, para emplearlo como medicamento es preciso prepararlo y empaquetarlo en locales esterilizados, con las dificultades consiguientes; Los autores han demostrado experimentalmente que es posible esterilizar este compuesto por exposicion a los rayos gamma, sin alterarlo y sin que se formen substancias nocivas desde el punto de vista medico. (author) [Russian] Natrievaya sol' paraaminosalitsilovoj kisloty ne mozhet byt' sterilizovana pri pomoshchi nagreva, i dlya togo, chtoby ispol'zovat' ehtot produkt v kachestve medikamenta, nuzhno obrabatyvat' ego kak v protsesse proizvodstva, tak i pri upakovke v steril'nykh pomeshcheniyakh so vsemi vytekayushchimi otsyuda trudnostyami. V dannoj rabote avtory smogli ehksperimental'nym putem dokazat' vozmozhnost' sterilizatsii ehtogo produkta gamma-oblucheniem bez ushcherba dlya ehtogo produkta i bez obrazovaniya vrednykh veshchestv, chto pozvolyaet ego v meditsine. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Roberts, R; Thomas, J K
1960-07-15
metakrilovoj kisloty v nejlon putem podgotovki k oblucheniyu. Skorost' prosachivaniya otnositel'no bol'she, chem skorost' komopolimerizatsii. Ne sushchestvuet prostoj svyazi mezhdu skorost'yu reaktsii i vsej dozoj. Temperaturnaya zavisimost' skorosti prosachivaniya v volokno, podgotovlennoe k oblucheniyu v vozdukhe, ukazyvaet, chto nachalo prosachivaniya, po-vidimomu, proiskhodit putem razlozheniya peroksidnykh grupp, obrazovannykh posle oblucheniya. Izmereniya ehlektricheskogo soprotivleniya na obluchennom volokne ukazyvayut, chto razlozhenie umen'shaetsya na koehffitsient 10. (author)
Carbon humic acids and their use. Ugleguminovyye kisloty i ikh ispol'zovaniye
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zabramnyy, D.T.; Pobedonosteva, O.I.; Pobedonostseva, N.I.; Umarov, T.Z.
1980-01-01
This monograph gives the results of research into the molecular structure of humic acids; certain issues are examined of an applied nature; the data from experimental industrial tests are generalized. Data are generalized which involve questions of the use of humic acids in the form of multiple-ton product. In agriculture, they are used for producing final complex fertilizers and plant growth stimulators; in drilling technology, for improving drilling muds; in the cement industry, for lowering the moisture content of cement raw material sludges. Methods of modifying humates by sulfomethylation are described, and a method for producing coal-alkali reagents directly at drilling and cement firms, based on intensifying the process of interaction of coals with alkali solutions.
Vliyanie aspirina na trombotsitarnoe zveno gemostaza u patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A G Gennadinik
2005-12-01
Full Text Available Цель. Изучение влияния аспирина на тромбоцитарное звено гемостаза у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 210 пациентов с метаболическим синдромом, 100 человек принимали аспирин в суточной дозе 75 мг, 110 - получали 125 мг аспирина в сутки. Длительность приема от 2 мес до 3 лет. В качестве группы сравнения обследованы 34 практически здоровых человека. Протокол обследования включал антропометрическое обследование: измерение роста, массы тела, окружности талии (ОТ и окружности бедер (ОБ; измерение артериального давления. У пациентов в сыворотке крови, взятой утром натощак после 12-часового голодания, определялись уровни гликемии, гликированного гемоглобина, проводилось исследование агрегации тромбоцитов, липидограммы, ФНО-альфа, уровня базального инсулина с определением индекса инсулинорезистентности (индекс Саго. Результаты. У 17 человек (8% обнаружена резистентность к аспирину, что подтверждалось стабильно высоким уровнем агрегационной активности тромбоцитов. У всех обследованных отмечали нарушения липидного обмена. Среднее содержание ФНО-а в сыворотке крове составило 82,8 ? 8,7 пг/мл. Средний уровень ФНО-альфа среди пациентов, страдающих СД 2 типа ? 60,4?4,1 пг/мл.; уровень ФНО-альфа в группе с НТУ ? 107,4+19,7 пг/мл. Выводы. У 8% пациентов с метаболическим синдромом обнаружена резистентность к терапии аспирином. Аспиринрезистентность у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом сопряжена с высокой концентрацией ФНО-альфа. ФНО-альфа может служить маркером тяжести атеросклеротического поражения сосудов у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и основанием для проведения комплексной профилактики обострения ИБС и сердечно-сосудистой смертности, для чего представляется целесообразным использование препаратов группы статинов и фибратов.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Johns, H E; Cederlund, J F [Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto (Canada)
1959-07-01
The effect of the energy of radiation, the crystal size, the collimation of the beam and scattering on the pulse-height distribution produced by monoenergetic radiation will be discussed. These aspects will be related to scintillation scanning. The effects of voltage on the operation of photomultiplier s and so-called plateaus will be dealt with. Glow-transfer tubes for counting will be dealt with and a useful substraction circuit for comparing the counting rate from two separate scintillation counters will be presented. (author) [French] Les auteurs examineront l'effet de l'energie du rayonnement, de la dimension du cristal, de la collimation du faisceau et de la diffusion sur la repartition de l'amplitude des impulsions dues au rayonnement monoenergetique, en rattachant l'etude de ces questions a l'exploration par scintillations. Ils etudieront egalement les effets de la tension sur le fonctionnement des photomultiplicateurs et des
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kozlov, A G; Davydova, O V; Kargov, S I [Moskovskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Moscow (Russian Federation). Khimicheskij Fakul' tet
1993-08-01
Salt-free solutions of various ionic forms of polyriboguanylic acid (poly(G)) were studied by the methods of conductometry and spectroscopy of annular dichroism. The Manning approach was employed to calculate transport characteristics and structural parameters of poly(G) on the basis of spectra permit putting poly(G) salts in two groups: the first one comprising NH[sub 4][sup +]-, Rb[sup +]-, K[sup +]-, Na[sup +]-, the second one - Cs[sup +]-, and Li[sup +]-poly(G). The assumption is made that Li[sup +] and Cs[sup +] ions, bound with concrete groups of polyanion in a specific way, can promote formation of a stable structure different from the one observed in the presence of the first group counterions. 25 refs., 3 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gustorf, E. Koerner Von; Jun, M. -J.; Koller, H.; Schenck, G. O. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie, Muelheim-Ruhr, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)
1963-11-15
aktivnosti. Provedeny sleduyushchie issledovaniya: 1) Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez {pi}-kompleksov metallov peremennoj valentnosti. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' poluchenie kompleksov angidrid maleinovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, diametilovyj ehfir fumarovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, metilovyj ehfir metakrilovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, vinilatsetat + tetrakarbonil zheleza i t.d. pri gamma-obluchenii ot kobal'tovogo istochnika Fe(CO){sub 5} s sootvetstvuyushchimi nenasyshchennymi soedineniyami. 2) Khimicheskie reaktsii v sluchae {pi}-kompleksov, poluchennykh pri radiatsionno-khimicheskom sinteze. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' polimerizatsiya vinilovykh soedinenij pri komnatnoj temperature pod dejstviem organicheskikh galogenovykh soedinenij na takie kompleksy, kak metilovyj ehfir metakrilovoj kisloty - tetrakarbonil zheleza, vinilatsetat - tetrakarbonil zheleza i t.d. 3) Sintez {pi}-kompleksov i karbonil'nykh soedinenij metallov peremennoj valentnosti pri obluchenii. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' gamma-obluchenie ot istochnika Co{sup 60} v srede galogenovykh uglevodorodov sleduyushchikh {pi}-kompleksov: [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}) Fe], [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}Ni], CH{sub 3}C{sub 5}H{sub 4}Mn(CO){sub 3}, (C{sub 5}H{sub 5})TiCl{sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 5}, Ni(CO){sub 4}.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Smith, H.; Bates, T. H. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Chapelcross, Annan, Scotland (United Kingdom)
1965-06-15
-oblucheniju v terapevticheskih celjah. Jeti pacienty poluchili dozy do 5000 r za period ot treh do pjati nedel'. Vydelenie s mochej kreatina, kreatinina, obshhego {alpha}-amidnogo azota, {beta} aminoizom asljanoj kisloty, pirolle-2- karbonovoj kisloty, 5-oksiindoleaciticheskoj kisloty i indoksil-sul'fata soprovozhdalis' kolichestvenno v techenie vsego hoda lechenija. Nikto iz pacientov ne podvergalsja oblucheniju vsego organizma, no ochevidno, chto izmenenija v metabolicheskoj funkcii v rezul'tate povrezhdenija, vyzvannogo izlucheniem, mozhet skazat'sja na mochevom vydelenii. Obsuzhdaetsja biohimicheskaja ocenka i interpretacija jetih obrazcov vydelenija v otnoshenii toj chasti obluchennogo organizma, no na jetoj stadii issledovanija delaetsja vyvod, chto kolichestvennaja ocenka biologicheskogo povrezhdenija ne vozmozhna. Odnako takie opyty mogut byt' poleznymi v kachestve rukovodstva dlja klinicista otnositel'no jetogo vida terapii. Predvaritel'nye opyty na osnove izmenenij v nekotoryh metabolitah plazmy u krys, obluchennyh edinymi subletal'nymi dozami rentgenovskogo obluchenija, dostojny jekstrapoljacii dlja izuchenija chelovecheskogo organizma. Izmerjalis' koncentracii plazmy 5-oksitrip- taminovoj mochevoj kisloty, SGOT, SGPT, frakcii globulina proteina, fosfokinaza kreatina, aminopeptidaza lejcina, aminopeptidaza lizila, kalikreina, kallidina, cinka i marganca. Nabljudalis vse zhe znachitel'nye kolichestvennye izmenenija v urovnjah plazmy mochevoj kisloty, aminopeptidaza lejcina, aminopeptidaza lizila i marganca posle obluchenija. O b suzhdaetsja znachenie jetih dannyh. Vnimanie koncentriruetsja na prostyh i bystryh metodah. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cogliati, G.; De Leone, R.; Ferrari, S.; Gabaglio, M.; Liscia, A. [Centro Studi Nucleari della Casaccia, Rome (Italy)
1963-11-15
izgotovleniya toplivnykh ehlementov, tak i dlya regeneratsii materialov takogo roda. Na pervoj stadii protsessa nitrat uranila vosstanavlivaetsya do nitrata urana (IV). V kachestve vosstanovitelya ispol'zuyutsya kak gazoobraznyj vodorod, tak i murav'inaya kislota; mochevina dobavlyaetsya dlya predotvrashcheniya obrazovaniya azotistoj kisloty, kotoraya uskoryaet povtornoe okislenie urana (IV). V kachestve katalizatora mogut primenyat'sya platina i palladij. Privodyatsya dannye dlya nepreryvnogo protsessa, v kotorom murav'inaya kislota i mochevina dobavlyayutsya k rastvoru, poslednij zatem podogrevaetsya i podaetsya v kolonku, zapolnennuyu alyuminievymi tabletkami razmerom 3,87 x 3,17 mm, 0,5% kotorykh sostavlyaet platina. Izucheny vliyaniya skorosti potoka, temperatury, kontsentratsii murav'inoj kisloty i mocheviny, a takzhe prodolzhitel'nost' sluzhby i otravlenie katalizatora. Vtoraya stadiya protsessa zaklyuchaetsya v osazhdenii oksalato'v toriya i urana (IV). Opisyvaetsya vliyanie shchavelevoj kisloty na otnoshenie torij/uran, temperatury i vremeni stareniya na otstaivanie i fil'tratsionnye kharakteristiki osadka i na keramicheskie svojstva poluchennykh poroshkov. Prokalka proizvodilas' kak v vosstanovitel'noj, tak i v okislitel'noj atmosferakh. Posle predvaritel'nykh ispytanij byli prinyaty dva standartnykh metoda izgotovleniya keramicheskikh izdelij, a imenno: kholodnaya pressovka i spekanie, ehkstruziya i spekanie. Spekaemost' razlichnykh poroshkov byla ispytana s pomoshch'yu ehtikh oboikh standartnykh metodov. S nekotorymi poroshkami byli polucheny plotnosti svyshe 95% teoreticheski dopustimoj. Uspeshno byli provedeny ispytaniya na vosproizvodimost'. (author)
Chalk effect on PVC cross-linking under irradiation; Vliyanie mela na sshivanie PVKh pri obluchenii
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chudinova, V V; Guzeev, V V; Mozzhukhin, V B; Pomerantseva, Eh G; Nozrina, F D; Zhil` tsov, V V; Zubov, V P
1994-12-31
Effect of nonmodified and modified chalk on curing degree of polymer matrix was studied under-irradiation of PVC-compositions. Films of the compositions (100 mass part 7 PVC, 0-100 mas.part of chalk, 2.5 - lead sulfate, 1.5 - lead stearate and 0.3 - glycerin) were irradiated up to absorbed dose 0.1 MGy in an inert medium. Content of gel-fraction after boiling in THF was determined with use of IR spectroscopy. It was established, that intensive dehydrochlorination and polymer curing took place on chalk particle surface. Network fixed strongly chalk particles. However, chalk inhibited processes of dehydrochlorination and PVC curing, increasing amount of noncured PVC in polymer matrix.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schoenborn, W.; Kinkel, R J.; Hafferl, W. [Battelle Institut e.V., Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)
1966-11-15
Degree-Sign S bylo takzhe dostignuto posle perioda, v tri raza bol'shego chem obychno, posle obluchenija 160 kradami. Smertel'naja doza 99 dlja treh izolirovannyh shtammov molochnokislotnyh bakterij, obluchennyh v solepeptonovom rastvore, sostavila sootvetstvenno 113, 165 i 144 krad. Poskol'ku pri 15 Degree-Sign S rost mikrobov zaderzhivaetsja, v to vremja kak pri 20 Degree-Sign S on prakticheski ogranichen, period stojkosti pri temperature v 18 Degree-Sign S mozhno uvelichit' v dva raza lish' putem obluchenija 280 krad. Organolepticheskie ispytanija osnovany na preferencial'nom analize s pomoshh'ju devjatishagovoj gedonicheskoj shkaly i na differencial'nyh ispytanijah (ispytanija treugol'nika); oni osushhestvljajutsja soveshhaniem jekspertov. Pri 70 kradah vkus ostaetsja priemlemym; pri 140 kradah imeetsja otchetlivyj vkus luchej; pri 280 kradah vkus nepriemlem. Sushhestvennoe uluchshenie vkusa dostigaetsja pri obluchenii pri nizkih temperaturah (-30 Degree-Sign S) i pri dobavlenii askorbinovoj kisloty, sorbita i specij. Jeksperimenty prodolzhajutsja. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gavosto, F. [Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Centro di Studi Fisico-Biologici, Universita de Turin, Turin (Italy)
1962-02-15
demostrado que en las celulas normales de la medula osea la razon entre la incorporacion de uridina y la de aminoacidos permanece constante. En los casos de leucemia aguda, la incorporacion de acido ribonucleico y de precursores proteinicos en las celulas leucemicas es siempre sensiblemente mas reducida, aunque varia de un caso a otro. Asimismo, la razon entre la incorporacion de uridina y la de aminoacidos se altera constantemente en estas celulas. El autor estudia la disminucion y disociacion del metabolismo del acido ribonucleico y de las proteinas en las celulas leucemicas (leucemia aguda), relacionando estos fenomenos con la maduracion defectuosa, tipica de estas celulas. (author) [Russian] Obsuzhdajutsja prei- mushhestva ispol'zovanija mechennyh tritiem slozhnyh soedinenij v metodah avto- radiograficheskogo analiza. Dejstvitel'no, jelektrony tritija obladajut maksi- mal'noj jenergiej 0,018 Mjev, chto sootvetstvuet priblizitel'no rasstojaniju 1 mikrona na fotograficheskoj plenke, dostigaja tem samym nailuchshej vozmozh- noj razreshajushhej sposobnosti v masshtabe kletok i ih komponentov. Jeto osobenno polezno pri izuchenii javlenij metabolizma v tkanjah, sostojashhih; kak jeto imeet mestno v kostnom mozge, iz raznovidnostej kletok, nahodjashhihsja na razlichnoj stadii differenciacii. Jetot metod byl ispol'zovan dlja issledovanija metabolizma nukleinovyh kislot i proteina v zdorovyh i porazhennyh lejkemiej kletkah kostnogo mozga. Izuchenie metabolizma dioksiribonukleinovoj kisloty proizvodilos' pri pomoshhi specificheskogo predshestvennika, a imenno timidina tritija. Putem sopostavlenija nahodjashhihsja na odnoj i toj zhe stadii sozrevanija chastic zdoro- vyh i porazhennyh lejkemiej tkanej byli obnaruzheny znachitel'nye rashozhde- nija v procentnyh doljah mechenyh kletok. V chastnosti, v jachejkah, porazhennyh ostroj lejkemiej, nabnjudalos' gorazdo bolee slaboe pogloshhenie timidina, chto prinimalos' za dokazatel'stvo men'shej sposobnosti razmnozhenija jetih kletochek po
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
2011-06-01
Full Text Available The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the modern antihypertensive therapy in obese hypertensive patients. Materials and methods. The activity of leptin, adiponectin and endothelin-1 and cardiohemodynamics were studied in 61 patients with essential hypertension and obesity (body mass index 34,3±4,8 kg/m2 before and after the 12-weeks treatment with zofenopril (n=31 and nebivolol (n=29. Results. It was revealed that obese hypertensive patients had abnormal circadian profile of blood pressure (63.9%, hyperleptinemia together with the decrease of the adiponectin activity (67%, as well as the increased activity of endothelin-1 (54%. The 12-weeks therapy with zofenopril and nebivolol has resulted in the improvement of the daily profile of the arterial pressure with the achievement of the target level of the arterial pressure in 72% and 79% of patients correspondingly. The following was recorded: the decrease in the activity of leptin and endothelin-1 in both groups; upward trend of the adiponectins activity under the influence of zofenopril. Conclusion. Zofenopril and nebivolol in obese hypertensive patients in addition to the antihypertensive action reduce negative cardiometabolic effects of the activation of adipocytes and endothelin-1.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
V I Novikov
1999-12-01
Full Text Available Актуальность. К настоящему времени получены положительные экспериментально-клинические результаты при применении никотинамида, циклоспорина А в дебюте СД. Одним из методов воздействия на течение иммунологических процессов при СД 1 типа может быть неселективная иммунотерапия и, в частности, использование пептидов тимуса. Цель. Изучение влияния Т-активина на некоторые показатели клеточного звена иммунитета у больных с впервые выявленным СД. Материалы и методы Клинико-иммунологическое обследование было проведено 21 больному с впервые выявленным СД 1 типа. Диагноз диабета основывался на данных клинической картины, метаболических показателей (гликемия, HbA1c, кетонурия, показателей базального и стимулированного уровня С-пептида. Показатели клеточного звена иммунитета оценивали методом непрямой иммунофлуоресценции с использованием монокльнальных антител. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с использованием непараметрических методов анализа. Результаты. У всех больных не выявлено изменений относительного содержания общих Т-лимфоцитов (CD3 в крови. При изучении содержания В-лимфоцитов в крови нормальные значения были у 16 из 21 больного. У 5 больных выявлено повышение содержания npeB-(CD19+ и В-лимфоцитов (CD20+. Наиболее выраженные изменения отмечены в содержании активированных лимфоцитов. Экспрессия CD95+ выявлена у 13 больных СД (62%. Наиболее существенное влияние Т-активин оказал на содержание CD23+, CD71+, CD95+, которое снизилось, в среднем в 2,5-3 раза, а экспрессия CDDR+ - на 20%.Выводы. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о нормализующем влиянии Т-активина на показатели клеточного звена иммунитета у больных с впервые выявленным СД.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ostroushko, A A; Yushkova, S M; Koridze, N V; Skobkoreva, N V; Zhuravleva, L I; Palitskaya, T A; Antropova, S V; Ostroushko, I P [Ural' skij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Sverdlovsk (Russian Federation) AN SSSR, Moscow (Russian Federation). Inst. Obshchej i Neorganicheskoj Khimii
1993-06-01
Using the methods of spectrophotometry, viscosimetry, conductometry the influence of salt-polymer complexing processes on physicochemical prperties of aqueous solutions of yttrium, barium, copper nitrates and formates with polyvinyl alcohol was studied. Change of dynamic viscosity, specific electric conductivity of solutions in the process of complexing was shown. Thermal effects of salt-polymer interaction were measured. It is shown that decrease of transition temperature of polymer to plastic state in films, temperature and effective activation energy of salt decomposition is also connected with complexing. Effective values of surface tension on the boundary with air are measured. Coefficients of cation diffusion in polymer-salt solutions are estimated.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olga Rafael'evna Grigoryan
2004-12-01
Full Text Available Цель. Оценить влияние современных внутриматочных контрацептивных средств (нейтральных и гестагенсодержащих на показатели углеводного и липидного обмена у женщин, больных СД 1 типа, в период перименопаузы в течение 12 мес. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 44 женщины. лет с СД 1 типа. До начала исследования пациентки были разделены на 2 группы, по 22 женщины в каждой. В группе 1А в качестве средства контрацепции использовали Т ? образную медьсодержащую ВМС; в группе 2А ? левоноргестрелсодержащую ВМС ?Мирена?. Общее клиническое обследование включало сбор анамнестических данных, общий и гинекологический осмотры. Гинекологический осмотр включал в себя: осмотр и пальпацию молочных желез; бимануальное гинекологическое исследование; осмотр шейки матки в зеркалах; мазок по Папаниколау, мазок из влагалища на флору, а также степень чистоты и др. Для оценки степени избыточной массы тела или ожирения вычислялся индекс массы тела (ИМТ. Определялось содержание холестерина, ЛПНП, ЛПОНП. Для оценки атерогенных свойств крови использовали холестериновый индекс атерогенности. Результаты. Сравнительный анализ уровня гликированного гемоглобина у женщин с СД 1 типа выявил, что в обеих группах пациенток его изменения носили достоверно не значимый характер и не было выявлено изменений в среднесуточных дозах препаратов инсулина. В обеих группах женщин, больных СД 1 типа, находящихся на внутриматочной контрацепции, и в группе контроля достоверно значимых изменений в указанном показателе в динамике выявлено не было. При сравнительном анализе показателей липидного обмена у 21 из 44 (48% женщин с СД 1 типа была выявлена гиперлипидемия IIа типа, а в контрольной группе пациенток ? у 14 из 20 женщин (70%. Использование ВМС ?Мирена? практически не повлияло на показатели липидного спектра. Нарушения менструального цикла по типу полименореи с однократным эпизодом меноррагии были выявлены лишь у 1 женщины. У остальных 95,4% женщин, имевших дисфункцию яичников по типу олиго- и опсоменореи, наблюдалась нормализация менструального цикла в среднем через 31 ?3,2 дней с длительностью кровопотери 4,6?1,7 дней. Выводы. Внутриматочные контрацептивные средства (медьсодержащие и левоноргестрелсодержащие обладают нейтральным эффектом на углеводный и липидный обмен у женщин, больных СД 1 типа, в период перименопаузы. У пациенток с удовлетворительной компенсацией СД на фоне применения ВМК показатели липидного спектра крови не ухудшаются. При плохой компенсации основного заболевания ухудшение липидного спектра крови происходит в виде повышения уровня ОХС, ХС ЛПНП и снижения ХС ЛПВП, что связано в большей степени с декомпенсацией углеводного обмена, а не с влиянием самого ВМК.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Okamura, S; Iwasaki, T; Kobayashi, Y; Hayashi, K
1960-07-15
injerto cuando la irradiacion se efectua con dosis especificas del orden de los 10{sup 5} roentgens/hora . (author) [Russian] V rezul'tate oblucheniya nejlonovogo volokna v azotnoj srede sozdaetsya poperechnaya svyaz', togda kak pri obluchenii v vozdushnoj srede proiskhodit reaktsiya, vedushchaya k umen'sheniyu velichiny molekul. Proiskhodyashchie pod vliyaniem oblucheniya izmeneniya byli izucheny posredstvom izmereniya vyazkosti volokna, obluchennogo v rastvorakh sernoj kisloty. Prochnost' na rastyazhenie byla izuchena takzhe v vozdushnoj srede. Pri obluchenii v azotnoj srede pogruzhennogo v vodnyj rastvor akrilamida nejlonovogo volokna narashchivanie imeet mesto lish' na poverkhnosti. Esli zhe predvaritel'noe obluchenie proizvodilos' v vozdushnoj srede, to narashchivanie proiskhodit i vo vnutrennikh sloyakh volokna. Stepen' narashchivaniya tsellyuloznykh volokon pri pomoshchi stirola iz metanolovogo rastvora znachitel'no povyshaetsya, esli voloknu dat' nabukhnut' v 5-10 protsentnom rastvore formamida v metanole. Bylo izucheno vliyanie kontsentratsii formamida i stirola v rastvorakh metanola, prichem bylo ustanovleno, chto maksimal'noe narashchivanie proiskhodit v 5-protsentnom rastvore formamida i 70-protsentnoj kontsentratsii stirola. Pri moshchnosti dozy priblizitel'no v 10{sup 5} r/chas ustanovleno, chto skorost' narashchivaniya opredelyaetsya diffuziej. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bryhn-Ingebrigtsen, K.; Eriksen, V. O.; Schatvet, J.; Ukkestad, A.; Wood, J. I.; Ofjord, K. [Kjeller Research Establishment (Norway)
1964-02-15
influencia de los vacios sobre la reactividad asume particular importancia en los reactores de agua hirviente. La distribucion no uniforme de los vacios aconseja investigar y comprender la ley de variacion espacial del efecto cavitario sobre la reactividad. En la instalacion NORA se ha llevado a cabo un estudio experimental del efecto cavitario en condiciones fisicamente 'limpias'. En las zonas tubulares comprendidas entre las barras de combustible y sus envolturas se crean cavidades por inyeccion de aire comprimido. En los experimentos de barra unica, los efectos de reactividad son tan pequeflos que es preferible producir periodicamente impulsos oscilantes en el volumen cavitario y analizar la modulacion de potencia correspondiente para obtener los coeficientes de reactividad equivalentes. En el caso de las barras multiples, los experimentos se efectuan por procedimientos estaticos. Los autores describen la tecnica experimental y dan ejemplos de su aplicacion en la determinacion de los efectos cavitarios para una sola barra, las interacciones en el caso de las barras alrededor de las cuales se han formado cavidades y los efectos de las cavidades creadas en toda la extension del cuerpo. (author) [Russian] Vliyanie pustot na velichinu reaktivnosti v aktivnoj zone reaktora igraet ochen' vazhnuyu rol' v kipyashchikh reaktorakh. Neravnomernoe raspredelenie pustot delaet ne- obkhodimym izuchenie i uyasnenie prostranstvennoj zavisimosti vliyaniya pustot na velichinu reaktivnosti. Izuchalos' vliyanie pustot pri chistykh v fizicheskom otnoshenii usloviyakh v ustanovke NORA. EHkrany, okruzhayushchie kazhdyj otdel'nyj toplivnyj stringer, opredelyayut kol'tsevye Oblasti, v kotorykh sozdayutsya pustoty putem vvedeniya vozdukha pod davleniem. V opytakh s otdel'nym sterzhnem ehffekty reaktivnosti nastol'ko maly, chto predpoch- titel'no periodicheski izmenyat' ob{sup e}m pustoty i analizirovat' sootvetstvuyushchuyu modulyatsiyu ehnergii s tsel'yu poluchit' ehkvivalent reaktivnosti. Opyty s
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Maldague, P.; Hong-Que, Pham; Maisin, J. [Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Institut du Cancer, Louvain (Belgium)
1962-02-15
The authors used tritiated thymidine to evaluate desoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in various rat organs. They show by autoradiographs that this synthesis takes place mainly in tissue having intensive mitotic activity (bone marrow, seminiferous tubules of the testis, mucous membrane of the intestine, oesophagus and tongue). The authors also studied the regeneration of the convoluted renal tubules during the months following local irradiation of the kidney at various doses. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont utilise de la thymidine tritiee pour evaluer la synthese de l'acide desoxyribonucleique au niveau de differents organes chez le rat. Ils montrent par autoradiographies que cette synthese s'effectue principalement au niveau des tissus presentant une activite mitotique intense (moelle osseuse, tubes seminiferes du testicule, muqueuse intestinale, oesophagienne et de la lingue). Les auteurs ont en outre etudie la regeneration des tubes contournes du rein apres irradiation locale de cet organe, a differentes doses et dans les mois qui suivent cette irradiation. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han utilizado timidina tritiada para evaluar la sintesis del acido desoxirribonucleico en distintos organos de la rata. Demuestran mediante autorradiografias que esta sintesis se produce principalmente en los tejidos de intensa actividad mitotica (medula osea, tubos seminiferos de los testiculos, mucosas intestinal, del esofago y de la lengua). Finalmente, los autores han estudiado la regeneracion de los tubos y convolvulados del rinon en los meses que siguen a la irradiacion local de este organo con distintas dosis. (author) [Russian] Avtory pol'zovalis' mechennym tritiem timidinom dlja ocenki sin- teza dezoksiribonukleinovoj kisloty v razlichnyh organah krysy. Pri po- moshhi radioavtografii avtory pokazyvajut, chto jetot sintez proishodit glavnym obrazom v tkanjah s intensivnoj mitoticheskoj dejatel'nost'ju (kostnyj mozg, semenenosnye kanaly testikula, slizistaja obolochka
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ajdarbaev, A S; Nadirov, A N; Musaeva, Z G
1997-11-04
Industrial petroleum and gas content of Kumkol deposit is determined. It dated to Lower Neocomian and Upper Jurassic terrigenous stage sediments. It is determined, that its lithologic characteristics are very different. That is explained by various condition of sedimentation. (author) 11 refs., 5 tabs. Suppl. Neft` i gaz Kazakhstana
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bitenbaev, M I; Polyakov, A I [Inst. Yadernoj Fiziki Natsionalnogo Yadernogo Tsentra Respubliki Kazakhstan, Almaty (Kazakhstan)
1999-07-01
Regardless of the fact that the materials made of HTSC-ceramics are promising, there is no any information about their successful practical application in publications. To our opinion, it is explained by the fact, first of all, that the conservative technologies of the powder metallurgy do not allow producing HTSC systems with excellent operating performance (structure homogeneity, long-term stability of Sc properties and etc.). This report presents outcomes of experiments on fusion of yttrium ceramics containing raw components irradiated by g-rays {sup 60}Co under the temperature exceeding 500 degrees C. HTSC properties of ceramics were studied according to their differential spectra of radio-frequency (RF) field absorption. The RF absorption spectrum of yttrium ceramics samples produced according to conservative technology is sufficiently permitted triplet with the Sc transition temperatures range of 80 K, 90 K, 95 K. Irradiation under the increased temperatures and mechanical limitation allow producing samples of yttrium HTSC-ceramics with sufficient homogeneous structure and superconducting properties that are stable to air conditions for not less than one year.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dimova, V; Danailov, D; Markov, T; Zlateva, G [Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia (Bulgaria). Inst. po Metaloznanie i Tekhnologiya na Metalite; Angelov, Kh [Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia (Bulgaria). Inst. za Yadrena Izsledvaniya i Yadrena Energetika
1996-12-31
Aluminium alloy containing 1% Zn is investigated as a material for fusion reactor first wall. The effect of 60 keV Fe ion implantation at a dose 10{sup 16}-10{sup 17} cm{sup -2} on the microstructure and properties of 50 {mu}m thick tapes has been investigated. It is found that implantation affects mainly the surface at the crystallite boundaries. An over-equilibrium solubility of Fe in the alloy Al-1% Zn has been established. Fe ions move by diffusion along the grain boundaries and contribute to increased magnetic properties after annealing at 250{sup o} C for at least 2 hours. Quasi-amorphous implanted alloy containing ferromagnetic atoms has been detected. The estimated Curie temperature has been estimated to 540 {sup o} C, which is typical for strongly diluted solid solutions. 3 refs., 6 figs.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L A Ivanova
2008-06-01
Full Text Available Цель. Сопоставить гемодинамические, биохими- ческие и прогностические эффекты карведилола и атенолола у больных СД 2, перенесших эпизод НС. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 70 больных СД 2, осложнившимся НС. Во всех случаях диагностировались прогрессирующая стенокардия напряжения или впервые возникшая тяжелая стенокардия III?IV функциональных классов, по явившаяся в предшествующий месяц. Кроме общепринятой терапии НС, пациентам случайным образом выбирали для лечения ?-адреноблокатор карведилол ? до 25?50 мг/сут (1-я группа, n=35 или атенолол ? до 50?100 мг/сут (2-я группа, n=35. Выолнялись общеклинический анализ крови, биохимическое исследование крови, запись стандратной ЭКГ в 12 отведениях, эхокардиографическое исследование, тест с 6-минутной ходьбой. Результаты. Через полгода лечения карведилолом отмечалось значительное увеличение средней величины фракции выброса ЛЖ на 16,3%. Уменьшение выраженности дилатации полости ЛЖ приводило к увеличению относительной толщины его стенки (на 3,5% и снижению индекса сферичности (на 5,9%. Максимальная скорость раннего наполнения ЛЖ снижалась на 8,4%. Заключение. Карведилол обеспечивал тенденцию к снижению частоты повторных госпитализаций по поводу НС, случаев развития ИМ и наступления смерти по сравнению с атенололом. Однако главным образом из-за в целом небольшого количества наступавших осложнений эти различия не достигали уровня статистической значимости.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gavrilov, V I; Gumerov, N S; Rakhmatullin, R R [Kazanskij Khimiko-Tekhnologicheskij Inst., Kazan (USSR)
1990-02-01
Effect of solvent nature on nucleophilic capacity of three-coordinated arsenic and the equilibrium state of 10-phenylphenoxarsine (PA) reaction with methyl iodide are studied. Kinetic investigations are carried out by the conductometry at 24,35,45 deg C. It is established that quaternization of PA with methyl iodide when substituting a solvent (ketone for alcohol) increases 3-14 times with simultaneous growth of the activation energy value. When transforming from aprotic solvents to protic ones PA interaction equilibrium with methyl iodide shifts to the side of arsonic salt formation.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mouhova, G.; Apltauer, J. [Central' nyj Issledovatel' Skij Institut Rastenievodstva, Praga, CHSSR (Czech Republic)
1968-07-01
From 1964 to 1966 a systematic research vas carried out at the Central Research Institute for Plant Production in Prague - Ruzyne, aimed at examining the effect of gradually increased levels of nitrogen and various forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizers on the yield, nitrogen content and the nodulation of the roots of horse bean (Vicia faba LQ. By means of {sup 15}N, the proportion of the total nitrogen content of the plant derived from the fertilizer as well as the total utilization of the nitrogen fertilizer by the plant were determined. The experiments were carried out in a series of greenhouse pot tests using a brown soil type, with ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate as the nitrogen sources. Gradually-increased-levels of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate (0, 5.2, 26.2, 52.5 and 105.0 mgN/kg of soil) applied to the horse bean did not exert any substantial effect on the yield of fresh aerial parts of the horse bean, when harvested at the flowering period. The nitrogen content of tissues of the fertilized plants differed from the control plants (without nitrogen addition) only at the highest nitrogen level (2.7% compared to 3.4% N). The proportion of nitrogen absorbed from the nitrogen fertilizer by whole plant, increased almost as a linear function of nitrogen supplied. Thus the whole plant consumed 51 to 57% of the nitrogen from the first two fertilizer levels, and 64 to 69% from the last two levels of fertilizer, the 52.5-mg and 105-mg levels. In comparing nitrogen supplied as potassium nitrate with nitrogen in ammonium sulphate, at a level of 26.2 mg N/kg of soil, no difference of yield and of percentage nitrogen content in the aerial part of horse bean was found between the plants grown with the nitrogen fertilizers and control plants. The isotopical analysis of nitrogen showed that in the aerial part of horse bean plant the percentage proportion of nitrogen deriving from the fertilizer was higher when potassium nitrate was used (10.8%), than in case of ammonium sulphate application (8.1%). It was found that 54% of the ammonium sulphate and 71% of the potassium nitrate was utilized by the plant. The greenhouse pot tests showed that the nitrogen fertilizer used did not exert any substantial effect on the yield of the aerial portions of the horse bean plant. On the other hand, gradually increased nitrogen fertilizer levels produced in the plant a higher proportion of the plant nitrogen content originating from the fertilizer. Thus, the proportion of the nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere was decreased, which was in good accord with the observation of a reduced number of nodules on the root of horse bean plant. (author) [Russian] V 1964 - 1966 godah v Central'nom nauchno-issledovatel'skom institute rastenievodstva v Prage provodilis' sistematicheskie issledovanija, kotorye presledovali cel' izuchit' vlijanie postepenno uvelichivajushhihsja urovnej azota i razlichnyh form azota v azotnyh udobrenijah na urozhajnost', soderzhanie azota i obrazovanie kluben'kov v kornjah konskogo boba (Vicia faba L.). S pomoshh'ju opredeljalos' obshhee kolichestvo azota v rastenii, postupivshego iz udobrenij, a takzhe obshhee ispol'zovanie rasteniem azotnyh udobrenij. Byli provedeny jeksperimenty s rjadom prob v teplichnyh gorshkah,vo vremja kotoryh ispol'zovalis' buraja pochva, a v kachestve istochnikov azota - sul'fat ammonija i nitrat kalija . Postepennoe uvelichenie urovnja azota v sul'fate ammonija (0; 5,2; 26,2; 52,5 i 105,0mg N na kg pochvy) ne okazyvalo nikakogo vlijanija na urozhajnost' nazemnyh chastej konskogo boba pri sbore urozhaja v period cvetenija. Soderzhanie azota v tkanjah udobrennyh rastenij otlichalos' ot kontrol'nyh obrazcov (bez azotnoj dobavki) tol'ko pri samom vysokom urovne azota (2,7% po sravneniju s 3,4% N). Kolichestvo azota, pogloshhennogo iz azotnyh udobrenij vsem rasteniem, uvelichivalos' pochti kak linejnaja funkcija postupajushhego azota. Takim obrazom, vse rastenie poluchilo 51 -57% azota iz udobrenij s pervymi dvumja urovnjami azota i 64 - 69% iz udobrenij s poslednimi dvumja urovnjami - 52,5 mg i 105,0 mg. Pri sravnenii azota,postupivshego iz nitrata kalija, s azotom v sul'fate ammonija pri urovne 26,2 mg N na kilogramm pochvy, ne bylo obnaruzheno nikakoj raznicy v urozhajnosti i procentnom soderzhanii azota v nazemnyh chastjah konskogo boba mezhdu rastenijami, vyrashhennymi s azotnymi udobrenijami, i kontrol'nymi rastenijami. Izotopnyj analiz azota pokazal, chto pri ispol'zovanii nitrata kalija (10,8%) procentnoe kolichestvo postupivshego iz udobrenij azota v nazemnoj chasti konskogo boba bylo . vyshe, chem pri primenenii sul'fata ammonija (8,1%). Bylo obnaruzheno, chto rastenie ispol'zovalo 54% sul'fata ammonija i 71% nitrata kalija. Ispytanija v teplichnyh gorshkah pokazali, chto azotnye udobrenija ne okazyvali nikakogo sushhestvennogo vlijanija na urozhajnost' nazemnyh chastej konskogo boba. S drugoj storony, v rezul'tate postepennogo uvelichenija urovnja azotnyh udobrenij obrazovyvalos' bol'shee kolichestvo azota, postupivshego iz udobrenij . Takim obrazom, kolichestvo postupivshego iz atmosfery azota umen'shilos', chto nahoditsja v horoshem sootvetstvii s nabljudaemym umen'sheniem kolichestva kluben'kov v kornjah konskogo boba. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Coekelbergs, R.; Crucq, A.; Decot, J.; Degols, L.; Frennet, A.; Lienard, G.; Timmerman, L. [Laboratoire de Chimie Nucleaire, Institut Interuniversitaire des Sciences Nucleaires et Ecole Royale Militaire, Bruxelles (Belgium)
1963-11-15
] Avtory obsuzhdayut protsessy kataliza, indutsirovannye radiatsiej v prisutstvii nemetallicheskikh tverdykh tel. Oni rassmatrivayut isklyuchitel'no tol'ko dejstviya, svyazannye s izmeneniem postoyannoj kontsentratsii nositelej zaryada. Vliyanie ehtogo izmeneniya na kinetiku i ravnovesie geterogennykh reaktsij rasschityvaetsya kolichestvenno v ramkakh ehlektronnoj teorii kataliza i uchityvaya ehlektronnye kharakteristiki poverkhnosti tverdogo tela. Nakonets, oni rassmatrivayut sootnoshenie, sushchestvuyushchee mezhdu ehtimi yavleniyami, aktivatsiej katalizatorov i peredachej ehnergii, opisannymi ranee. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tyutnev, A P [and others
1994-12-31
Dependence of radiation electric conductivity transformer oil on the gamma radiation absorbed dose rate and on the energy proton flux is investigated. It is ascertained that the electrical reliability of oil and oil-barrier insulation does not depend on the absorbed dose rate up to the maximum achieved values of 200 rad/s.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Galenko, P M [Yinstitut Eksperimental` noyi Patologyiyi, Onkologyiyi yi Radyiobyiologyiyi, Natsyional` na Akademyiya Nauk Ukrayini, Kyiv (Ukraine); Nedopitanskaya, N N [Yinstitut Zdorov` ya, Myinyisterstvo Okhoroni Zdorov` ya, Kyiv (Ukraine)
1996-12-01
The influence of combined action of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and fractioned {gamma}-irradiation on tumor development in rats was investigated. Both the tumor frequency and tumor plurality coefficient have been studied for two types of treatment: precursors of NDMA (amidopyrine and/or sodium nitrite (SN)) alone and the combination `precursors plus radiation`. Tumor frequency decreased by about 11% after combination of {gamma}-irradiation and precursors in comparison with precursors alone. Nevertheless, treatment with SN and {gamma}-irradiation did not change tumor frequency in comparison with SN alone. Irradiation of rats treated with precursors led to an increased tumor plurality coefficient.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ivanov, I V; Ivanov, I M
1993-01-01
The radioecological condition of the Devin region situated in the Rodopes mountain (Bulgaria) has been investigated for the period October 1992 - March 1993. It is believed that the Rodopes were more significantly affected by the Chernobyl accident in comparison with other regions of Bulgaria. Some regions near Kozloduy NPP have been chosen for comparing, for which there are more detailed investigations of the anthropogenic radiation effects. Analysis of the background radiation is made, specific soil and water samples are tested. The alterations in the radiation conditions of the Devin region are analysed. Some conclusions and predictions for the trends in further alterations of the background radiation are made. As a result a draft regional program for environment protection reclamation is prepared. (V.K.).
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Filatov, N I
1994-12-31
Results of an experimental investigation into an irreversible change of insulation resistance, capacitance and tangent of force cable dielectric loss angle under effect of continuous gamma radiation within the certain dose range are presented. In cables with polyethylene insulation dependence of the critical dose on the dose rate in the range investigated is in the for of the function degrees with a degree index of approximately 0.7.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Polyakov, A I; Bitenbaev, M I [Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Inst., Almaty (Kazakhstan)
2007-07-01
In the work a new results on beryllium ceramics nano-structuring effect by iron oxide atoms on radiation defects quantum yield value G in these materials and defects depth constants in ionizing radiation fields k are presented. Experimental data under dependence of G and k values from concentration of iron atoms in beryllium ceramic matrix are presented. It is shown, that structure modification of beryllium ceramics by feedings on the iron base leads to sharp decrease (almost in 30 times) of radiation defects quantum yield value, i.e. to increase of these ceramics stability enhancement to ionizing radiation effect.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Komov, V P; Bespalova, E V; Strelkova, M A [Sankt-Peterburgskaya Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskaya Akademiya, Kafedra Biologii, S.-Peterburg (Russian Federation)
1998-12-01
Changes in activity and molecular heterogeneity of catalase in tissue culture of Rauwolfia serpentina following irradiation in early growth period at the doses of 8 and 50 Gy has been studied. Ionizing radiation accelerate the synthesis and degradation rates of catalase and total protein. A comparative study of changes in enzyme and protein turnover during growth on irradiated and non-irradiated medium has been made.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Petkov, N; Malinova, K [Institute of Animal Breeding, Kostinbrod (Bulgaria); Binkh, N [National Centre of Sericulture, Hanoj (Viet Nam)
1997-12-31
A study to determine the effect of gamma irradiation of silkworm eggs at doses of 1.00; 2.00 and 3.00 on silk gland weight, length and width is performed. It was found that gamma irradiation of eggs in the stage of embryo most intensive growth in length (B{sub 2}) at doses 2.00 and 3.00 Gy stimulates increasing of silk glands weight in silkworms on the fifth day instar by 12-25 mg, as well as the silk worm width - by 7-33 {mu}m, which is of significant importance for the synthesis and secretion of silk proteins (fibroin and sericin). A breed specificity was also observed. 4 refs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Harteck, P; Dondes, S [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States)
1960-07-15
fision liberada en las fibras de vidrio y de la resistencia termica del circuito. Otro circuito, que habra de funcionar a 50 - 75 atmosferas y 600{sup o}C se encuentra en curso de construccion. Estos circuitos permitiran evaluar las caracteristicas de un sistema continuo, incluido el comportamient o de los productos de fision liberados en la corriente gaseosa. Los autores distinguen tres fases en la cinetica compleja de la oxidacion del nitrogeno: reacciones iniciales en el sistema;, reacciones subsiguientes a la fijacion de cierta cantidad de nitrogeno y, por ultimo, cinetica del equilibrio alcanzado en presencia de radiaciones. Se estudian las condiciones necesarias para la formacion de N{sub 2}0{sub 5}, N{sub 2}0{sub 4} y O{sub 3}, asi como los efectos que ejercen sobre el proceso en conjunto. (author) [Russian] Pri issledovaniyakh okisleniya azota izlucheniem iz reaktorov, kotorye proizvodilis ' v Rensselerovskom institute i v Brukkhejvenskoj natsional'noj laboratorii v techenie ryada let, byla ispol'zovana, v kachestve neposredstvennogo ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya, ehnergiya otdachi oskolkov deleniya putem rasseyaniya urana-235 v steklyannom volokne diametrom priblizitel'no v 5 mikronov. Bylo opredeleno vliyanie temperatury, davleniya i sootnosheniya mezhdu kolichestvom azota i kolichestvom kisloroda na velichinu radiatsionno-khimicheskogo vykhoda G na okislenie azota i rezul'taty byli soobshcheny v tekhnicheskoj literature. Nizhe daetsya kratkaya svodka ehtoj raboty. Upomyanutaya vyshe rabota proizvodilas' nad staticheskimi sistemami ; nedavno proizvedennaya rabota okhvatyvala kak staticheskie, tak i tsiklicheskie sistemy. V staticheskikh sistemakh glavnoe vnimanie obrashchalos' na vliyanie intensivnosti izlucheniya, v osobennosti v sostoyanii kineticheskogo ravnovesiya izlucheniya. Bylo ustanovleno, chto obrazovanie N0{sub 2}. i N{sub 2}0 V smesyakh azota i kisloroda v proportsiyakh 4:1 i 2: 1 proiskhodit do polnogo istoshcheniya yusloroda. TSiklicheskaya
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Korshunov, F P [and others
1994-12-31
Features of volt-ampere characteristic behaviour of silicon, diffusion p-n-p structures making up the basis of force diodes under their operation in the mode of nominal and overload current densities are investigated.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alekseev, V N; Oshe, E K; Fokin, M N; Bogdanova, S V; Loskutov, A I [AN SSSR, Moscow (USSR). Inst. Fizicheskoj Khimii
1990-10-01
Auger-electron spectroscopy, photoelectric polarization, conductometry methods have been used to analyze chemical and defect composition of surface oxide layers, formed on stainless steel Kh18N10T in vacuum (10{sup -9} - 10{sup -2} torr) and at temperatures 593-673 K. The boundary conditions of manifestation of extermal behaviour of the dependence of the surface oxide growth rate at isothermal oxidation of this steel are determined. The relation between passivation properties of the surface oxide and the magnitude of the edge angle of the surface wetting with molten tin is revealed.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Guillaume, M [Universite de Liege, Belgique (Belgium)
1962-03-15
con cadenas alifaticas (50 {mu}c/g para el acido glutarico) o con moleculas ciclicas que presenten una cadena alifatica (acido acetilsalicilico). (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote izlagaetsya metod mecheniya, osnovannyj na uskorenii ehlektricheskim polem C{sup 14}O{sub 2}, kotoryj v ehto vremya poddaetsya vstupleniyu v reaktsiyu s organicheskoj mishen'yu, nakhodyashchejsya na ego traektorii. Opysyvaemaya razryadnaya kamera dejstvuet pod napryazheniem 500 v, 150 mka, a podlezhashchie mecheniyu organicheskie veshchestva vvodyatsya v ehto pole i nakhodyatsya tam okolo 3 chasov vmeste s CO{sub 2} udel'noj aktivnosti v 24 mkyuri/mmol'. Maksimal'nyj vykhod poluchennykh produktov ostaetsya slabym (okolo 6%), a 60% C{sup 14}O{sub 2} - razrusheno. EHtot maksimal'nyj vykhod poluchaetsya tol'ko dlya alifaticheskikh tsepej (50 mkkyuri/r dlya glutarovoj kisloty) ili dlya aromaticheskikh veshchestv, predstavlyayushchikh alifaticheskuyu tsep' (atsetilgalitsilovuyu kislotu). (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kambara, T.; Yamaguchi, K.; Yasuba, S. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka City (Japan)
1965-10-15
The exchange reaction of Sb{sup III} - Sb{sup V} in solutions of low HCl concentrations was studied using {sup 124}Sb as a tracer. The effects of HCl concentrations and chemical forms of antimony on the exchange rate were investigated. The HCl concentrations of the antimony solutions ((Sb{sup III}) =(Sb{sup V}) = 6.8 x 10{sup -4}M) were changed from 0.8 to 4.0M and the half-time for the exchange was measured by plotting log (1 - F) versus time t to calculate the exchange rate assuming the second-ordet reaction. It was found that the exchange rate was sharply increased with the increase of HCl concentrations (at 25 Degree-Sign C, from 0.8 to 2.0M) and at 2.0M HCl concentration the rate reached the maximum, from which the rate was decreased with the increase of HCl concentrations (at 25 Degree-Sign C, from 2.0 to 4.0M). Two sorts of Sb{sup V} species were used for our investigations, i.e. one was used directly after the dilution of 10M HCl Sb{sup V} solution with water and the other was used after 24 hours standing at room temperature from the dilution. (The Sb{sup III} species were also kept standing after preparation from 10M HCl Sb{sup III} solution.) In both cases the maximum rates were found to exist at 2.0M HCl concentration. The rate R{sub 1} for the former (directly after dilution) was 4.5 x 10{sup -6} mole litre{sup -1} min{sup -1} and the rate R{sub 2} for the latter (24 hours standing) was 1.2 x 10{sup -}{sub 6} mole litre. Also the activation energy for these cases was found to be 12.2 kcal/mole and 19.1 kcal/mole. By spectrophotometric studies, the Sb{sup V} species of the former type were found to be mainly consisting of SbCl{sup -}{sub 6} and the species of the latter type to be of SbCl{sub 4}(OH){sup -}{sub 2}, etc. Besides these facts the form of Sb{sup III} species was found to have no influence on the exchange rate. A much sharper increase of the exchange rate was observed when the HCl concentration of the antimony solution was fixed at 0.8M and the chloride concentration was increased to 3.0M by an addition of LiCl. It is noteworthy that an almost linear and sharp increase of the rate was observed until 2.0M chloride concentration. The above fact obtained at a constant hydrogen ion concentration suggests that the chloride atoms act as bridge formation atoms of the intermediate compound for the antimony exchange. To summarize these results, the existence of the maximum exchange rate at about 2.0M HCl concentration in a low HCl concentration region is thought to be well explained. (author) [French] En utilisant {sup 124}Sb comme radioindicateur, les auteurs ont etudie l'echange Sb{sup III} - Sb{sup V} dans des solutions diluees de HCl, notamment les effets de la concentration en HCl et de la forme chimique de l'antimoine sur la vitesse d'echange. Ils ont fait varier la concentration en HCl des solutions d'antimoine ((Sb{sup III}) =(Sb{sup V}) = 6.8 x 10{sup -4}M) de 0,8 a 4,0M et ils ont mesure le temps de demi-echange en tracant la courbe de log(1 - F) en fonction du temps t, en vue de calculer la vitesse d'echange, la reaction etant supposee du deuxieme ordre. Les auteurs ont constate que la vitesse d'echange augmentait fortement avec l'accroissement de la concentration en HCl (a 25 Degree-Sign C, de 0,8 a 2,0M); le maximum a ete atteint pour une concentration de 2,0M, apres quoi la vitesse a diminue avec l'augmentation de la concentration en HCl (a 25 Degree-Sign C, de 2,0 J 4,0M). Dans leurs recherches, les auteurs ont eu recours a deux Sb{sup V}; ils ont utilise le premier aussitot apres dilution dans l'eau d'une solution de Sb{sup V} dans HCl 10M, et la seconde apres avoir laisse reposer 24 heures a la temperature ambiante. (On a aussi laisse reposer les especes de Sb{sup III} apres les avoir preparees a partir d'une solution de Sb{sup III} dans HCl 10M). Dans les deux cas, les maximums ont ete atteints pour une concentration de 2,0M. Dans le premier cas (aussitot apres dilution), la vitesse R{sub 1} etait de 4,5 * 10{sup -6} mole * l{sup -1}; dans le deuxieme (apres 24 heures de repos), R{sub 2} etait de 1,2 * 10{sup -6} mole * l{sup -1} * min{sup -1}. L'energie d'activation etait respectivement de 12,2 kcal/mole et 19,1 kcal/mole. Les etudes spectrophotometriques ont permis d'etablir que les SbV du premier type etait constitues principalement par SbCl{sub 6}{sup -} et ceux du deuxieme type, par SbCl{sub 4}(OH){sub 2}{sup -}, etc. En dehors de ces faits, les auteurs n'ont releve aucune influence de la forme de Sb{sup III} sur la vitesse d'echange. Une augmentation beaucoup plus forte de la vitesse d'echange a ete observee lorsque la concentration en HCl de la solution d'antimoine etait 0,8M et la concentration en chlorure etait portee a 3.0M par addition de LiCl. Il est a noter qu'une augmentation forte et quasi lineaire de la vitesse a ete observee pour des concentrations en chlorure allant jusqu'a 2,0M. Etant donne que ce phenomene a ete observe pour une concentration constante en ions hydrogene, on peut penser que les atomes de chlorure interviennent comme atomes de pontage du compose intermediaire en vue de l'echange d'antimoine. (author) [Spanish] Empleando {sup 124}Sb como indicador, los autores estudiaron la reaccion de intercambio Sb{sup III} - Sb{sup V} en soluciones diluidas de HCl y en particular los efectos de la concentracion de HCl y de la forma quimica del Sb sobre la velocidad de intercambio. La concentracion de HCl de las soluciones de antimonio ((Sb{sup III}) =(Sb{sup V}) = 6.8 x 10{sup -4}M) se modifico entre 0,8 y 4,0M y el tiempo de semi-intercambio se midio trazando la curva representativa de log(1 - F) en funcion del tiempo t, con el fin de calcular la velocidad de intercambio suponiendo que se trata de una reaccion de segundo orden. Se comprobo que la velocidad de intercambio aumentaba netamente al elevar la concentracion de HCl (de 0,8 a 2,0M a 25 Degree-Sign C) y alcanzaba un valor maximo a 2,0M a partir del cual volvia a diminuir si la concentracion de HCl seguia aumentado (de 2,0 a 4, OM a 25 Degree-Sign C). Se emplearon en la investigacion dos especies SbV, Una de las cuales se utilizo inmediatamente despues de diluir con agua la solucion 10M de HCl; y la otra despues de dejarla reposar a temperatura ambiente durante 24 h contadas a partir de la dilucion. (La especie Sb{sup III} tambien se dejo en reposo despues de prepararla partiendo de la solucion de Sb{sup III} en HCl 10M. ) En ambos casos, los maximos se determinaron para una concentracion de HCl 2,0M. La velocidad Rj correspondiente a la primera (inmediatamente despues de la dilucion) fue 4,5 * 10{sup -6} mol * l{sup -1} min{sup -1}, la velocidad R{sub 2} de la segunda (al cabo de 24 h de reposo), 1,2 * 10{sup -6} mol * l{sup -1} min{sup -1}. Las energias de activacion fueron en estos casos 12,2 kcal/mol y 19,1 kcal/mol, respectivamente. Mediante estudios espectrofotometricos, se determino que la especie Sb{sup V} del primer tipo consistia principalmente en SbCl{sub 6}{sup -} y la del segundo tipo, en SbCl{sub 4}(OH){sub 2}{sup -}, etc. Fuera de estos hechos, no se observo ninguna influencia de la forma del Sb{sup III} sobre la velocidad de intercambio. Se comprobo un aumento mucho mas marcado de la velocidad de intercambio cuando la concentracion de HCl en la solucion de antimonio se fijo en 0,8M y la concentracion de cloruro se aumento hasta 3,0M agregando LiCl. Cabe destacar que se registro un aumento marcado y casi lineal de la velocidad hasta llegar una concentracion de cloruro igual a 2,0M. Este resultado, obtenido con una concentracion constante de iones hidrogeno, sugiere que los atomos de cloruro intervienen como puentes en el compuesto intermedia con miras al intercambio de antimonio. (author) [Russian] Izuchalas' reakcija obmena Sb{sup III} - Sb{sup V} v rastvorah s nizkoj koncentraciej HCl s primeneniem Sb{sup 124} v kachestve indikatora. Issledovany vlijanie koncentracii HCl i himicheskih form sur'my na skorost' obmena. Koncentracija HCl v rastvorah sur'my ((Sb{sup III}) = (Sb{sup V}) = 6,8 * 10{sup -4} M) menjalas' ot 0,8 do 4,0 M, i period poluobmena byl izmeren putem vyvedenija logarifma (1-F) po otnosheniju ko vremeni dlja rascheta skorosti obmena v predpolozhenii reakcii vtorogo porjadka. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto skorost' obmena rezko vozrastaet s vozrastaniem koncentracii HCl (pri 25 Degree-Sign S ot 0,8 do 2,0 M) i pri 2,0 M koncentracii HCl skorost' dostigaet maksimuma, posle kotorogo skorost' padaet s uvelicheniem koncentracii HCl (pri 25 Degree-Sign S ot 2,0 do 4,0 M). Pri issledovanijah byli ispol'zovany dve raznovidnosti Sbv, to est' odna byla ispol'zovana neposredstvenno posle razvedenija rastvora 10 M HCl Sbv vodoj i drugaja - posle 24 chasov otstaivanija pri komnatnoj temperature iz rastvora. V oboih sluchajah maksimal'nye sko- rosti byli obnaruzheny pri koncentracii 2,0 M HCl. Skorost' R{sub 1} dlja pervoj (neposred- stvenno posle razbavlenija) sostavila 4,5 * 10{sup -6} mol' litr{sup -1} min{sup -1}, i skorost' R{sub 2} dlja vtoroj (otstaivalas' v techenie 24 chasov) byla 1,2 * 10{sup -6} mol' litr{sup -1} min{sup -1} . Energija aktivacii dlja ukazannyh sluchaev ravnjalas' 12,2 kkal/mol' i 19,1 kkal/mol'. Pri pomoshhi spektrofoto- metricheskih issledovanij bylo obnaruzheno, chto raznovidnosti Sb{sup V} pervogo tipa sostojat glavnym obrazom,iz SbClg, a raznovidnosti vtorogo tipa - iz SbCl(OH){sup -}{sub 2} i t . d . Pomimo jetih faktov bylo obnaruzheno, chto forma raznovidnostej Sb{sup III} ne okazyvaet nikakogo vlijanija na skorost' obmena. Bolee rezkoe vozrastanie skorosti obmena otmechalos', kogda koncentracija HCl v ras- tvore sur'my byla 0,8 M, a koncentracija hlorida byla uvelichena do 3,0 M s dobavleniem LiCl. Primechatel'no, chto pochti linejnoe i rezkoe uvelichenie skorosti otmechalos' do kon- centracii hlorida 2,0 M. Jeti fakty, poluchennye pri postojannoj koncentracii vodorodnyh ionov, navodjat na mysl', chto atomy hlorida igrajut rol' mostikovyh atomov v obrazovanii promezhutochnyh soedinenij pri obmene sur'my. Summiruja vysheupomjanutye rezul'taty, mozhno skazat', chto sushhestvovanie maksimal'noj skorosti obmena pri koncentracii HCl okolo 2,0 M v oblasti nizkoj koncentracii HCl mozhet byt', po-vidimomu, prekrasno ob'jasneno. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dietz, Jr, R J; Mendez, J; Irvine, Jr, J W [Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)
1962-03-15
el orden de magnitud del coeficiente varia en un intervalo de 10{sup 5}. Los autores explican los datos obtenidos sobre la base de la ionizacion del acido complejo HMX{sub 4} en estos disolventes, cuyas constantes dielectricas son relativamente elevadas. Empleando un metodo ideado por Poskanzer, han calculado la constante de ionizacion del electrolito soporte, HCl o HBr, en la fase no acuosa a partir de las variaciones que el coeficiente de extraccion experimenta en funcion de las concentraciones del metal. Las variaciones del coeficiente de extraccion con la concentracion de HX han servido para calcular las constantes de estabilidad de las especies complejas MX{sub 3} y MX{sub 4}{sup -}. Como se trata de reacciones en fase acuosa, las constantes son independientes del disolvente organico que se emplee. Para el sistema In (III)-HCl los autores obtuvieron resultados perfectamente concordantes tanto al emplear eter bis (2-cloroetilico) como nitrobenceno. Los autores no consiguieron evaluar las constantes de los complejos de cloruro y bromuro de galio porque dichos compuestos solo se forman en un intervalo de concentraciones de acido muy estrecho. Los valores del cociente (GaCl{sub 4}{sup -})/{Sigma} Ga (III) en funcion de la concentracion de HCl, calculados a partir de los datos de extraccion, concuerdan con los datos que Kraus y Nelson obtuvieron por mediciones del intercambio ionico. (author) [Russian] Metod mechenykh atomov pozvolil provesti izuchenie fiziko-khimicheskogo raspredeleniya Ga (III) i In (III) mezhdu vodnymi rastvorami HCl i HBr i organicheskimi rastvoritelyami, dvojnym ehfirom (2-khloroehtil) i nitrobenzolom. Na osnove izmerenij koehffitsientov ehkstraktsii pri kontsentratsii metalla vyshe 10{sup 10} i pri kolebanii dannogo koehffitsienta v predelakh 10{sup 5} tshchatel'no bylo razrabotano ehmpiricheskoe povedenie dannykh sistem. Rezul'taty vyrazhalis' v stepeni ionizatsii slozhnoj kisloty, HMX{sub 4}, izvestnoj v kachestve rastvoritelya s otnositel
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Machurek, J. E.; Stein, M. H. [Division of Isotopes Development, USAEC, Washington, DC (United States)
1963-11-15
ispol'zovanie ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij v promyshlennosti. Provedeno chetyrnadtsat' takikh issledovanij, rezul'taty nekotorykh iz nikh izlozheny v obshchikh chertakh v dannoj rabote, ostal'nye izlagayutsya bolee podrobno - v drugikh stat'yakh trudov. Temy issledovanij vklyuchayut: 1. Prigotovlenie kombinatsij derevo-plastik, ispol'zuya gamma-izluchenie dlya indutsirovaniya polimerizatsii. 2. Ispol'zovanie beta-izlucheniya produktov deleniya dlya gidrogenizatsii uglya, i ego produktov s tsel'yu polucheniya zhidkogo uglevodorodnogo topliva. 3. Poluchenie poluprovodnikovykh priborov s formirovaniem zadannogo prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya primesej v zavisimosti ot legirovaniya putem nejtronnykh prevrashchenij. 4. Vyzvannaya izlucheniem polimerizatsiya ehtilena i sopolimerov. 5. Osnovnye issledovaniya mekhanizmov i kinetiki reaktsij, vyzvannykh izlucheniem. 6. Radiatsionno-khimicheskie protsessy pri ftorirovanii razlichnykh aromaticheskikh soedinenij. 7. Ispol'zovanie polifunktsional'nykh monomerov dlya intensifikatsii radiatsionnogo sshivaniya poliehtilena, polipropilena, poliizobutilena i atsetattsellyulozy. 8. Vliyanie nabukhaniya, deformatsii i temperatury na fizicheskie i khimicheskie svojstva polimerov, poluchennykh s pomoshch'yu radiatsii. 9. Vliyanie strukturnykh faktorov na radiatsionnye izmeneniya v polimerakh, privodyashchie k graftsopolimerizatsii. 10. Ispol'zovanie yadernykh izluchenij dlya modifikatstsii tekstil'nykh materialov. 11. Reaktsii, vyzvannye izlucheniem kriptona-85. 12. Podgotovka ''Spravochnika po radiatsii''. 13. Ispol'zovanie metalloorganicheskoj svyazi dlya gamma-dozimetrii pri bol'shikh moshchnostyakh dozy. 14. Razrabotka dozimetra s solnechnym ehlementom. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kent, J. A.; Winston, A.; Boyle, W.; Updyke, L. [Engineering Experiment Station, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (United States)
1963-11-15
maderas de pino albar, encina blanca, encina roja, alamo, abedul, haya, abeto y arce sacarino. Se indica el efecto de la intensidad de dosis sobre las velocidades de polimerizacion en esas combinaciones, algunas de las cuales son incompatibles. Por ejemplo, la secoya no permite la polimerizacion del acetato de vinilo o del metacrilato de metilo, en tanto que el pino albar imposibilita la polimerizacion del acetato de vinilo. Los autores estudiaron diversos agentes de reticulacion con miras a determinar su eficacia para acelerar la polimerizacion y, con ello, conseguir ciclos mas breves, y exponen los resultados obtenidos para el acrilato de alilo, el dimetacrilato de etilenglicol, el dimetacrilato de polietilenglicol, el titanato de tetra-isopropilo, el metacrilato de alilo y (en el caso del estireno) el divinilbenceno. Los ensayos mecanicos realizados con maderas impregnadas ponen de manifiesto una mejora de propiedades tales como la dureza, el limite de elasticidad en la compresion y la estabilidad dimensional. Por lo general, se registra un aurpento de la fragilidad respecto de la madera natural. En la memoria se incluyen datos sobre la dureza, el limite de elasticidad en la compresion, la estabilidad en la compresion, la estabilidad dimensional, asi como la resistencia a la flexion y al cizallamiento. (author) [Russian] Opisan promyshlennyj metod polucheniya drevesno-plastmassovykh ''splavov'' s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya. Protsess sostoit iz dvukh chastej: propitki otobrannoj drevesiny neobkhodimym monomerom i polimerizatsii monomera v meste nakhozhdeniya .s pomoshch'yu gamma-luchej. Izucheno vliyanie razlichnykh faktorov na proniknovenie monomera v drevesinu. Provedennye ispytaniya pokazali, chto na praktike osushchestvimo khoroshee raspredelenie polimera v konechnom produkte. Odnu chast' obraztsov tolshchinoj 10 cm i dlinoj 150 cm podvergli propitke i issledovali na pronikanie monomera, v to vremya kak druguyu chast' obraztsov takoj zhe tolshchiny uspeshno
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nikolaev, M N; Filippov, V V; Bondarenko, I I [Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)
1962-03-15
propagacion de los neutrones en la materia abarca desde algunas decenas de kiloelectron-voltios , para los nucleos pesados, hasta unos cuantos mega-electron-voltios, para los nucleos intermedios. Para poder tener en cuenta los efectos de resonancia en el calculo de los parametros de los grupos, es indispensable conocer no solo las secciones eficaces medias correspondientes a las reacciones de los neutrones con la materia, sino tambien algunas magnitudes tales como (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}) etc. - los corchetes indican que se toman valores promedios de los grupos energeticos. La informacion de que se dispone actualement acerca de los parametros de resonancia en el terreno de los neutrones rapidos no permite calcular las magnitudes mencionadas con la exactitud necesaria. Por tal razon interesa medir directamente (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}) y otros valores analogos. Los autores presentan los resultados de las mediciones de una serie de parametros tales como ({Sigma}{sub t}), ({Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 3}), etc. que caracterizan la estructura de las secciones eficaces de una serie de nucleos intermedios para neutrones de energia comprendida entre 300 keV y 3 MeV. Dichos valores se dedujeron analizando las curvas de paso a traves de la materia, obtenidas con una geometria favorable, hasta un valor limite de 10{sup -2}, aproximadamente . Los datos obtenidos demuestran que los efectos de resonancia ejercen una notable influencia sobre las caracteristicas de la difusion en la materia. (author) [Russian] Pri sostavlenii sistem mnogogruppovykh konstant dlya rascheta reaktorov na bystrykh i promezhutochnykh nejtronakh vo mnogikh sluchayakh neobkhodimo uchityvat' ehffekty samoehkranirovki , svyazannye s rezonansnoj strukturoj sechenij. EHnergeticheskaya oblast', v kotoroj rezonansnaya struktura okazyvaet sushchestvennoe vliyanie na rasprostranenie nejtronov v veshchestve
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aliev, D A; Mamedov, M K; Dzhafarov, R D; Mikhajlov, M I [Akademiya Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR, Moscow (Russian Federation). Inst. Ehpidemiologii i Mikrobiologii
1992-01-01
Influence of infection induced by hepatitis B virus (BHV) on the forecast of stage 3 breast cancer in 65 patients was studied. All the patients received the treatment by the scheme ''preoperative radiotherapy (RT) + radical mastectomy + postoperative polychemotherapy''. Immunoenzymatic method was used for serologic examination. Indices of 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates indicate on delayed treatment results. The results received showed unfavour able influence BHV on delayed treatment results of patients with stage 3 breast cancer.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lotto, I De [European Atomic Energy Community, CCR, Ispra (Italy)
1962-04-15
anchura de los impulsos superior al 2%, sin necesidad de ajustes sucesivos y 2) una estabilidad de la anchura de los impulsos superior al 1%, para variaciones de 20{sup o}C en la temperatura. Las caracteristicas del circuito son tales que se pueden utilizar transistores de baja tension inversa base-emisor, por lo que pueden emplearse la mayor parte de los tipos de transistores rapidos. (author) [Russian] Formirovatel' impul'sov s korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya chasto neobkhodim v yadernoj ehlektronike. Formirovatelem impul'sov s naibolee korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya yavlyaetsya korotkij mul'tivibrator so skhemoj khronirovaniya RC. Pro-analizirovany dannyj vid skhemy khronirovaniya i vliyanie kharakteristik tranzistora na rabotu ehtoj skhemy. Predlozheny neskol'ko izmenenij skhemy dlya dostizheniya 1) tochnosti shiriny impul'sa bol'she, chem na 2%, bez neobkhodimosti individual'nykh prisposoblenij i 2) stabil'nosti shiriny impul'sa bol'she, chem na 1%, pri temperature svyshe 20{sup o}C. Skhema rasschitana takim obrazom, chto dopuskaetsya ispol'zovanie tranzistorov s obratnym napryazheniem ehmittera s nizkoj osnovoj podobno tomu, kak ehto nablyudaetsya u bol'shej chasti tranzistorov. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Johnson, A. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley, Warrington, Lancs (United Kingdom)
1963-10-15
esquemas de irradiacion que se producen segun los diversos programas de carga del combustible, y describe someramente los metodos de calculo utilizados en la actualidad. Compara diversos programas de carga continua o intermitente del combustible. Estudia el problema de la irradiacion eficiente de la primera carga, junto con los metodos de reabastecimiento retardado y de transposicion de los elementos combustibles. Discute las ventajas economicas y los problemas que plantea la utilizacion de uranio, no natural en reactores de flujo nivelado. Formula consideraciones de orden practico sobre la carga de combustible durante la marcha en reactores nuevos y hace referencia a la experiencia adquirida en Bradwell y en Berkeley. Describe someramente el efecto que ejercen las variaciones del costo del combustible y de su resistencia sobre los aspectos economicos del ciclo de combustible. (author) [Russian] Rassmatrivaetsya vzaim o zavisimost' mezhdu potokom izlucheniya i temperaturnym raspredeleniem i kharakteristikami oblucheniya, vyzvannaya razlichnoj praktikoj zameny topliva, opisyvayutsya sushchestvuyushchie metody rascheta. Provoditsya sravnenie razlichnykh skhem zameny topliva, vklyuchaya kak sistemu vygruzki topliva portsiyami, tak i sistemu nepreryvnoj vygruzki. Problema ehffektivnogo oblucheniya pervoj zagruzki rassmatrivaetsya vmeste so skhemami zapazdyvayushchej nachal'noj zameny topliva i ego peremeshcheniya. Rassmatrivayutsya ehkonomicheskie preimushchestva i trudnosti ispol'zovaniya neprirodnogo urana v vyrovnennykh reaktorakh. Rassmatrivaetsya prakticheskoe reshenie skhemy zameny topliva na novykh reaktorakh i delaetsya ssylka na opyt, priobretennyj v Braduehlle i Berkli. Opisyvaetsya vliyani razlichnoj stoimosti topliva i prodolzhitel'nosti kampanii za ehkonomichnost' toplivnogo tsikla. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Williams, J. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell (United Kingdom)
1963-11-15
incorporarlas en matrices de elevada densidad. Los trabajos sobre metodos de elaboracion en escala experimental se hallan bastante avanzados. (author) [Russian] Daetsya obzor vozmozhnosti primeneniya dispersij PuO{sub 2},UO{sub 2}, ThO{sub 2} v matritsakh iz BeO, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MgO i SiO{sub 2} s tochki zreniya sokhraneniya tselostnosti takogo topliva i sposobov ego izgotovleniya. Neizmennost' razmerov i sposobnost' uderzhaniya produktov deleniya yavlyayutsya naibolee vazhnymi svojstvami s tochki zreniya sokhraneniya tselostnosti topliva. Sovmestimost' sostavnykh ehlementov topliva drug s drugom i s teplonositelem okazyvayut vliyanie na neizmennost' razmerov, no v ehtom otnoshenii okislovye vidy topliva obladayut znachitel'nymi preimushchestvami. Na izmenenie razmerov pod dejstviem oblucheniya okazyvayut vliyanie: povrezhdeniya matritsy pod dejstviem nejtronov i oskolkov deleniya; radiatsionnoe povrezhdenie fazy delyashchikhsya veshchestv vosproizvodyashchikh materialov i nakoplenie produktov deleniya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii. Termicheskie napryazheniya takzhe mogut vyzyvat' izmeneniya formy. Odnako svedeniya o mekhanizme relaksatsii napryazhenij slishkom ogranicheny, chtoby mozhno bylo dat' kakuyu-libo priemlimuyu teoreticheskuyu otsenku povedeniyu topliva. Issledovaniya vykhoda produktov deleniya kak v sluchae legkogo oblucheniya, tak i pri sil'nom vygoranii okisej delyashchikhsya veshchestv/vosproizvodyashchikh materialov ogranichivalis' glavnym obrazom gazoobraznymi produktami deleniya, preimushchestvenno ksenonom. Dannye o vykhode drugikh produktov deleniya, a takzhe svedeniya o prokhozhdenii produktov deleniya voobshche cherez vozmozhnye materialy dlya matrits ochen' ogranicheny. Issledovaniya pronitsaemosti chistykh spekshikhsya okisej pokazyvayut, chto dlya ustraneniya otkrytoj poristosti takikh matrits potrebovalos' by dostizhenie plotnostej, dokhodyashchikh po men'shej mere do 95, a to i do 98% ot teoreticheski osushchestvimoj. Dlya izgotovleniya chastits
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Krohn, N. A.; Wymer, R. G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (United States)
1963-11-15
The vapour phase dehydration of cyclohexanol on magnesium sulphate and magnesium sulphatesodium sulphate catalysts and the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane to toluene on promoted chromiaalumina catalysts were studied in flow systems. The effects of incorporating radioisotopes into the catalysts and of pre-irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays were investigated. Magnesium sulphate and magnesium sulphate-sodium sulphate catalysts containing up to 45.5 mc (S{sup 35})/g were less active than non-radioactive catalysts of similar composition when compared on a unit surface area basis. The reduction in catalytic activity persisted even after the radioactivity had substantially decayed. Further, no change in catalytic activity was observed upon irradiation with X-rays while the reaction was in progress. From these results it is concluded that the emission of beta particles from the catalyst during its use has no effect. Reports of an enhancement of catalytic activity may be attributed to the fact that,for a given set of preparation conditions, the radioactive catalysts have larger surface areas than their non-radioactive counterparts, and that this was not taken into account. Pre-irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays to 10{sup 11} erg/g had no effect on the catalysts' activity. In contrast, pre-irradiation of the chromia-alumina catalysts with cobalt-60 gamma rays to a dose of 4.2 x 10{sup 11} erg/g enhanced the catalytic activity by about 34% at 485{sup o}C, but incorporation of up to 148 mc (Pm{sup 147})/g of catalyst had little or no effect. No substantial effect of radiation on surface area or on apparent activation energy was observed in this case. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont etudie dans des circuits la deshydratation du cyclohexanol en phase vapeur en presence de catalyseurs au sulfate de magnesium et au sulfate double de magnesium et de sodium, et la transformation du methylcyclohexane toluene par deshydrogenation en presence de catalyseurs au Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} - Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} active. Ils ont fait des recherches sur les effets de l'incorporation de radioisotopes dans les catalyseurs et d'une exposition prealable aux rayons gamma du cobalt-60. Les catalyseurs au sulfate de magnesium et au sulfate double de magnesium et de sodium contenant jusqu'a 45,5 mc de {sup 35}S par gramme etaient moins actifs que les catalyseurs non radioactifs de composition analogue si on les comparait par unite de surface. La reduction de l'activite catalytique persistait meme apres qu'une desintegration importante se fut produite. En outre, on n'a pas observe de changements de l'activite catalytique sous exposition a des rayons X au cours de la reaction. On en conclut que l'emission de particules beta par le catalyseur au cours de son emploi est sans effet. Les resultats faisant etat d'une augmentation de l'activite catalytique peuvent etre attribues au fait que pour des conditions donnees de preparation, les catalyseurs radioactifs ont une plus grande surface que leur correspondants non radioactiis et qu'on n'avait pas tenu compte de ce fait. L'exposition prealable de ces catalyseurs aux rayons gamma du cobalt-60 a raison de 10{sup 11} erg/g a ete sans effet sur l'activite du catalyseur. Par contre, la meme exposition prealable des catalyseurs au Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} - Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} aux rayons gamma du cobalt-60 a raison de 4,2 x 10{sup 11} erg/g a augmente l'activite catalytique d'environ 34% a 485{sup o}C, mais l'incorporation d'une quantite de {sup 147}Pm atteignant 148 mc/g de catalyseur est restee pratiquement sans effet. On n'a pas observe dans ce cas d'effet significatif des rayonnements sur la surface active ou sur l'energie d'activation apparente. (author) [Spanish] Los autores estudian la deshidratacion del ciclohexanol en fase vapor en presencia de catalizadores de sulfato magnesico y d e sulfato magnesico-sulfato sodico, asi como la transformacion del metilciclohexano en tolueno por deshidrogenacion sobre catalizadores de oxido de cromo-alumina activados, en sistemas de circulacion. Examinan tambien los efectos de la incorporacion de radioisotopos en los catalizadores y de su preirradiacion con los rayos gamma emitidos por una fuente de cobalto-60. Los catalizadores de sulfato magnesico y de sulfato magnesico-sulfato sodico, con un contenido de hasta 45, 5 mc de {sup 35}S, se revelaron menos activos por unidad de superficie que los catalizadores no radiactivos de composicion analoga. La merma de actividad catalitica subsistio incluso despues de haber disminuido considerablemente la radiactividad. Ademas, no se observo cambio alguno en l a actividad catalitica despues de una exposicion a rayos X en el curso de la reaccion. Estos resultados sugieren a los autores que la emision de particulas beta por el catalizador durante su empleo no ejerce ningun efecto. Las informaciones relativas a un incremento de esa actividad catalitica podrian atribuirse al hecho de que, para un conjunto dado de condiciones de preparacion, los catalizadores radiactivos ofrecen una superficie mayor que sus equivalentes no radiactivos, circunstancia esta que no fue tenida en cuenta. La preirradiacion con los rayos gamma del cobalto-60 en dosis de hasta 10{sup 11} erg/g no influyo en absoluto sobre la actividad de los catalizadores. Por el contrario, la preirradiacion gamma del cobalto-60 de catalizadores de oxido de cromo-alumina con dosis de 4,2 x 10{sup 11} erg/g incremento esa actividad en un 34% aproximadamente a 485{sup o}C, pero la incorporacion de hasta 148 me de {sup 147}Pm por gramo de catalizador tuvo escaso o ningun efecto. En este caso, las radiaciones no ejercieron un efecto notable sobre el area superficial o sobre la energia de attivacion aparente. (author) [Russian] Na tsirkulyatsionno-staticheskoj ustanovke issledovany parofaehnaya degidratatsiya tsiklogeksanola s primeneniem sul'fatmagnievogo i sul'fatmagnievogo - sul'fatnatrivogo katalizatorov i degidrogenizatsiya metiltsiklogeksana v toluol na aktivirovannykh alyumokhromovykh katalizatorakh. Izucheny ehffekty vvedeniya v katalizator radioaktivnykh izotopov i predvaritel'nogo gamma-oblucheniya ot istochnika Co''6''0. Sud'fatmagnievyj katalizator i katalizator smeshannogo tipa sul'fat magniya + sul'fat natriya, soderzhashchie do 45,5 mkkyuri (S''3''5)/r, pri raschete na edinitsu poverkhnosti menee aktivny, chem katalizatory togo zhe sostava, no ne soderzhashchie radioaktivnykh izotopov. Oslablenie kataliticheskoj aktivnosti sokhranyalos' dazhe posle togo, kak radioaktivnost' sushchestvenno pala, dalee, pri obluchenii rentgenovskimi luchami, kotoroe provodilos' v protsesse reaktsii, nikakikh izmenenij v kataliticheskoj aktivnosti ne nablyudalos'. Na osnovanii ehtikh dannykh sdelan vyvod, chto ehmissiya beta-chastits iz katalizatora v protsesse ego ispol'zovaniya ne okazyvaet nikakogo vliyaniya. Soobshcheniya ob usilenii kataliticheskoj aktivnosti sleduet otnesti za schet togo, chto pri prigotovlenii katalizatorov u tekh iz nikh, kotorye soderzhali radioaktivnye izotopy, vozmozhno poluchalas' bol'shaya ploshchad' poverkh- nosti, chem u tekh, kotorye ne soderzhali radioaktivnykh izotopov. Ehto obstoyatel'stvo ne bylo prinyato vo vnimanie. Predvaritel'noe gamma-obluchenie ot istochnika Co''6''0 dozoj 10''1''1 erg/g ne okazalo vliyaniya na kataliticheskuyu aktivnost'. S drugoj storony, predvaritel'noe obluchenie gamma-luchami ot istochnika Co{sup 60} alyumokhromovykh katalizatorov dozoj 4,2 x 10{sup 11} erg/g usililo kataliticheskuyu aktivnost' pochti na 34%, pri 485{sup o}C. V to zhe vremya vvedenie v katalizator do 148 mkkyuri (Pm{sup 147} )/g katalizatora ne okazyvalo pochti nikakogo vozdejstviya. V ehtom sluchae ne nablyudalos' skol'ko-nibud' zametnogo vliyaniya izlucheniya na ploshchad' poverkhnosti ili na kazhushchuyusya ehnergiyu aktivatsii. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bauer, Franz K [Radioisotope Centre, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
1959-07-01
methode qui permette de suivre l'evolution de la maladie. (author) [Spanish] La exploracion de los tumores de la tiroides reviste interes para: 1. El diagnostico preoperatorio de los nodulos tiroideos; 2. La localization de metastasis del cancer de tiroides; 3. El tratamiento de los enfermos tiroidectomizados, con metastasis del cancer de la tiroides. El autor describe el aspecto de los nodulos tiroideos en el centelleograma y proporciona algunos resultados preliminares obtenidos con el empleo del fosforo radiactivo y con el recuento externo de los nodulos < inactivos > mediante un contador Geiger-Mueller. El autor describe asimismo la localizacion de las metastasis del cancer de la tiroides, destacando, especialmente, el empleo de la hormona tirotropica. Ese metodo ha permitido comprobar que las tres cuartas partes de los enfermos que padecen de tumores metastaticos de la tiroides tienen metastasis activas. Estudia detalladamente la tecnica de la ablation de los restos glandulares que suelen quedar despues de la tiroidectomia total, asi como el tratamiento de las metastasis. La exploracion de las metastasis constituye el mejor medio para observar la evolucion de la enfermedad. (author) [Russian] Primenenie radioizotopov v issledovanii raka shchitovidnoj zhelezy rekomenduetsya v sleduyushchikh sluchayakh: 1. Predoperatsionny j diagnoz uzelkovogo utolshcheniya shchitovidnoj zhelezy; 2. Lokalizatsiya metastazov raka shchitovidnoj zhelezy; 3. Lechenie bol'nykh s udalennoj shchitovidnoj zhelezoj, no s metastazami, obrazovann{sup m}i rakom ehtoj zhelezy; Opisyvaetsya vliyanie uzelkovykh utolshchenij shchitovidnoj zhelezy na etsiitigrammu. Soobshchaetsya o nekotorykh predvaritel'nykh rezul'tatakh opredeleniya < kholodnykh > utolshchenij pri pomoshchi radioaktivnog o fosfora i naruzhnogo primeneniya schetchika Gejgera-Myullera. Opisyvaetsya lokalizatsiya metastazov raka shchitovidnoj zhelezy i v osobennosti ispol'zovanie dlya ehtoj Deli gormona perednej doli gipofiza. S pomoshch
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Barelko, E V; Kartashova, L I; Komarov, P N; Proskurnin, M A [Karpov Physico-Chemical Institute, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)
1960-07-15
avtouskoryayushchijsya kharakter i idet samoproizvol'no posle prekrashcheniya dejstviya izlucheniya. Podrobno issledovan protsess okisleniya benzola, dlya kotorogo kharakterna povyshennaya ustojchivost' k dejstviyu izlucheniya. Avtory sformulirovali printsip sensibilizatsii radiatsionnogo initsiirovaniya protsessa okisleniya radiatsionno-stojkikh veshchestv khimicheski inertnymi, radiatsionno-nestojkimi veshchestvami. Privedeny osnovnye kolichestvennye kharakteristiki protsessa radio liticheskogo okisleniya benzola : nakoplenie razlichnykh produktov reaktsii, vliyanie temperatury, davleniya, moshchnosti i dozy izlucheniya na protsess nakopleniya produktov reaktsii. Sdelany nekotorye vyvody o mekhanizme protsessa. Privedena konstruktsiya ustanovki, rabotayushchaya po tsirkulyatsionnomu sposobu. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Farkas, J.; Kiss, I.; Andrassy, Eva [Central Food Research Institute, Budapest (Hungary)
1966-11-15
The direct effect of X-rays on freshly picked, sweet red pepper at dose levels of between 0 and 800 krad, and on the after-ripening of red pepper at dose levels of between 0 and 100 krad, was investigated. As an effect of the irradiation of between 400 and 800 krad, the pericarps softened; the carotenoid content, however, was not substantially reduced, even at a dose of 800 krad. During the nine weeks' storage period at room temperature, subsequent to irradiation, an increase of about 90% of the total pigment content, expressed as capsanthin, was observed in the samples not treated. The formation of the carotenoid pigments was accelerated, to some extent, by 80 rad, and substantially accelerated by treatment of 2 krad. The samples treated at the 2-krad level reached the same pigment content in three weeks as the control samples in eight weeks. In the radiation-treated samples, however, the pigment content decreased after the fourth to fifth week of storage. Dose levels above 10 krad slowed down or inhibited the formation of carotenoids during storage (after ripening). The reducing sugar content and the rate of drying were not affected by 0 to 100-krad doses. Since the several hundred kilorad irradiation doses needed to destroy, or substantially inhibit, the growth of moulds causing the deterioration of red pepper of high moisture content have a deleterious effect, the application of irradiation to decrease storage losses in fresh, picked red pepper does not seem to be advisable. The application, however, of the very low doses stimulating carotenoid formation does seem to be promising in view of shortening the after-ripening period and increasing the pigment content. Further investigations are needed to establish the most suitable storage conditions for the after-ripening of red peppers and the causes responsible for decrease in the carotenoid content of irradiated fruits in the second half of the storage period. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont etudie l'effet direct des rayons X a des doses comprises entre 0 et 800 krad sur le piment doux fraichement cueilli et a des doses comprises entre 0 et 100 krad sur le murissement du piment apres la recolte. Sous l'effet de l'exposition a une dose comprise entre 400 et 800 krad, les pericarpes se-sont amollis; toutefois, la teneur en carotenoides n'a pas ete sensiblement reduite, meme apres exposition a une dose de 800 krad. Au cours de la periode de neuf semaines consecutives a l'irradiation, pendant laquelle les piments ont ete emmagasines a la temperature ambiante, on a constate que la teneur totale en pigments, sous forme de capsanthine avait augmente d'environ 90% dans les echantillons non traites. La formation des pigments a base de carotenoides a ete acceleree dans une certaine mesure par l'exposition a une dose de 80 rad et sensiblement acceleree par l'exposition a une dose de 2 krad. Les echantillons soumis a une dose de 2 krad avaient au bout de trois semaines la meme teneur en pigments que les echantillons temoins au bout de huit semaines. Toutefois, la teneur en pigments des echantillons irradies a diminue apres une periode d'emmagasinage de quatre a cinq semaines. L'exposition a des doses superieures a 10 krad a ralenti ou inhibe la formation des carotenoides pendant la periode d'emmagasinage (apres maturation). La reduction de la teneur en sucres et la vitesse de dessiccation n'ont pas ete affectees par l'exposition a des doses de 0 a 100 krad. Etant donne les effets nefastes de l'exposition aux doses de rayonnements de plusieurs centaines de krad necessaires pour detruire les moisissures qui provoquent l'alteration du piment a forte teneur en eau, ou pour inhiber fortement le developpement de ces organismes, il ne semble pas souhaitable d'utiliser les rayonnements pour reduire les pertes de piments fraichement cueillis. Neanmoins, l'application des doses tres faibles qui stimulent la formation des carotenoides semble devoir donner de bons resultats, car elle abrege la duree de la maturation apres la recolte et augmente la teneur en pigments. Il serait necessaire de poursuivre les recherches afin de determiner les conditions d'emmagasinage les plus favorables a La maturation du piment apres la recolte ainsi que les causes de la diminution de la teneur en carotenoiedes de fruits irradies au cours de la deuxieme moitie de la periode de stockage. (author) [Spanish] Se ha investigado el efecto directo de los rayos X, en dosis de 0 a 800 krad, sobre pimientos rojos dulces iecien recolectados, y sobre la postmaturacion de estos pimientos, en dosis de 0 a 100 krad. La irradiacion entre 400 y 800 krad causo el ablandamiento del pericarpo, pero el contenido de carotenoides no disminuyo apreciablemente incluso a dosis de 800 krad. Durante un periodo de almacenamiento de nueve semanas a la temperatura ambiente y despues de la irradiacion, se observo en las muestras no tratadas un aumento de un 90fy del contenido total de pigmentos, expresado en capsantina. La formacion de pigmentos carotenoides presento una ligera aceleracion para dosis de 80 rad y una fuerte aceleracion para dosis de 2 krad. Las muestras tratadas con 2 krad alcanzaron en tres semanas el mismo contenido de pigmentos que las muestras testigo en ocho semanas. En cambio, el contenido de pigmentos de las muestras irradiadas disminuyo al cabo de la cuarta o quinta semana de almacenamiento. Las dosis superiores a 10 krad frenaron o impidieron la formacion de carotenoides durante el almacenamiento (postmaturacion). La disminucion del contenido de.azucares y el ritmo de desecacion permanecieron invariables para dosis de 0 a 100 krad. Como las dosis de radiaciones (varios centenares de kilorad) necesarias para impedir o inhibir en medida apreciable el desarrollo de los mohos causantes de la deterioracion del pimiento rojo de gran contenido de agua tienen efectos perjudiciales, no parece aconsejable el empleo de las radiaciones para reducir las perdidas por almacenamiento en los pimientos rojos recien recolectados. En cambio, la aplicacion de dosis muy bajas, que estimulan la formacion de carotenoides, parece un metodo interesante para reducir el periodo de postmaturacion y elevar el contenido de pigmentos. Se precisan nuevas investigaciones para determinar las condiciones optimas de almacenamiento de los pimientos rojos en periodo de postmaturacion, y las causas de la disminucion del contenido de carotenoides de los fiutos irradiados en la segunda mitad del periodo de almacenamiento. (author) [Russian] Bylo issledovano neposredstvennoe vlijanie rentgenovskih luchej na tol'ko chto sorvannyj sladkij krasnyj perec dozami moshhnost'ju ot 0 do 800'krad i vlijanie na dozrevanie krasnogo perca doz moshhnost'ju ot 0 do 100 krad. Vlijanie obluchenija dozami moshhnost'ju ot 400 do 800 krad projavilos' v smjagchenii okoloplodnikov, i soderzhanie karotinoida umen'shilos' neznachitel'no dazhe pod vlijaniem dozy moshhnost'ju v 800 krad. V techenie devjatinedel'nogo perioda hranenija pri komnatnoj temperature, sledovavshego za oblucheniem, v neobrabotannyh obrazcah nabljudalos' pochti 90% uvelichenie obshhego soderzhanija pigmenta, vyrazhennogo v vide capsantine. Obrazovanie karotinoidnyh pigmentov uskorjalos' do nekotoroj stepeni pri obrabotke dozami moshhnost'ju v 80 rad i znachitel'no uskorjalos' pri obrabotke dozami moshhnost'ju v 2 krad. Obrazcy, obrabotannye dozami v 2 krad v techenie 3 nedel' dostigali takogo soderzhanija pigmenta, kotoroe dostigalos' kontrol'nymi obrazcami za 8 nedel'. Tem ne menee, soderzhanie pigmenta v obrabotannyh posredstvom obluchenija obrazcah umen'shalos' posle chetvertoj-pjatoj nedeli hranenija. Dozy moshhnost'ju v 10 krad zamedljajut ili tormozjat obrazovanie karotinoidov v period hranenija (posle dozrevanija). Dozy ot 0 do 100 krad ne okazyvali vlijanija na umen'shenie soderzhanija sahara i skorost' vysyhanija. Tak kak dozy obluchenija v neskol'ko sot kilorad, neobhodimye dlja razrushenija ili sushhestvennogo tormozhenija rosta pleseni, vyzyvajushhej porchu krasnogo perca s vysokim soderzhaniem vlazhnosti, javljajutsja pagubnymi, primenenie obluchenija s cel'ju sokrashhenija poter' pri hranenii svezhesorvaniogo perca kazhetsja celesoobraznym. Odnako s tochki zrenija sokrashhenija perioda dozrevanija i uvelichenija soderzhanija pigmenta ispol'zovanie ochen' nizkih doz, stimulirujushhih obrazovanie karotinoida, predstavljaetsja mnogoobeshhajushhim. Dal'nejshie issledovanija neobhodimy s cel'ju opredelenija naibolee podhodjashhih uslovij hranenija dlja dozrevanija krasnogo perca i ustanovlenija prichin, vyzyvajushhih umen'shenie karotinoidnogo soderzhanija v obluchennyh fruktah vo vtoroj polovine perioda hranenija. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Taylor, J. H. [Departments of Botany and Zoology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
1962-02-15
' vysohnut'. Posle obluchenija jemul'sija projavljaetsja eshhe v kontakte s biologicheskim obrazcom. Preparat - radioavtogramma - pri rassmotrenii cherez svetovoj mikroskop pokazyvaet kletochnye struktury i raspredelenie izotopov s razreshajushhej sposobnost'ju menee odnogo mikrona. Takim obrazom udalos' prosledit' cherez dva-tri delenija kletki raspredelenie mechennoj tritiem dezoksiribonuklei- novoj kisloty (DNK) otdel'nyh hromosom. Jeti issledovanija okazalis' vozmozh- nymi v rezul'tate podgotovki tritirovannogo timidina, kotoryj jaljaetsja ves'- ma podhodjashhim metjashhim veshhestvom dlja DNK i bystro istoshhaetsja pri udalenii kletki iz sredy, soderzhashhej mechenyj timidin. Jetot metod dal informaciju o mehanizme vosstanovlenija DNK, strukture i razmnozhenii hromosom, kinetike delenija kletki i sovsem nedavno o sheme i po- sledovatel'nosti vo vremeni razmnozhenija razlichnyh hromosom v odnom i tom zhe jadre i razlichnyh chastjah odnoj hromosomy. Vse izuchennye do sih por hromo- somy imejut dva funkcional'nyh podkomponenta DNK, kotorye rasprostranja- jutsja polukonservativnym obrazom vo vremja razmnozhenija. Jeti dva podkompo- nenta razlichny v opredelennom strukturnom smysle, chto ogranichivaet takoj tip obmena, kotoryj mozhet proishodit' mezhdu chetyr'mja podkomponentami razmno zhajushhejsja hromosomy. Sovremennye dannye o posledovatel'nosti vedut k gipoteze o tom, chto hromosomy razmnozhajutsja v gineticheski kontroliruemoj posledo- vatel'nosti. Vedutsja poiski novyh dannyh po shemam i mehanizmu kontrolja posledovatel'nosti vmeste s prochimi svjazannymi s jetim processami, kotorye zatragivajut sintez hromosomnyh proteinov i drugoj klass nukleinovyh kislot - ribonukleinovye kisloty. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yiftah, S [Israel Atomic Energy Commission (Israel)
1962-03-15
The isotopic composition of plutonium to be used as fuel for fast reactors will depend on the source of plutonium. In principle three different sources are possible: (a) production reactors; (6) thermal power reactors (using natural uranium or enriched uranium as fuel); (c) fast reactor blankets. In general, source (a) and to some extent source (c) will provide relatively 'clean' plutonium, that is mostly Pu{sup 239}, while plutonium from source (6) will be 'dirty' plutonium, that is plutonium rich in Pu{sup 240}, Pu{sup 241}, and Pu{sup 242}. The degree of 'dirtiness' will depend on the kind of reactor, amount of burn-up and in general on the irradiation history of the fuel. The question then arises, can one use as fuel for fast reactors any kind of plutonium? To investigate the effect of different isotopic composition of the plutonium fuel, in the metallic, oxide and carbide form, on the performance of fast reactors, a limited series of spherical geometry 16-group diffusion theory calculations were performed, using the 16-group cross-section set developed recently by Yiftah, Okrent and Moldauer and taking three different kinds of plutonium, starting with pure Pu{sup 239} and increasing the amount of higher isotopes. For the systems studied-800, 1500 and 2500-l core-volumes, which are typical for large fast power reactors-the result is, when one takes into account only the thermally fissionable isotopes Pu{sup 239} arid Pu{sup 241}, that the 'dirtier' the plutonium, the smaller the critical mass and the higher the breeding ratio. For the 1500-l reactor, taken as an example, it is further found that in the metallic, oxide and carbide plutonium fuels the reactivity change upon removal of 40% of the sodium initially present in the core is made more negative (or less positive) when the plutonium is richer in higher isotopes. (author) [French] La composition isotopique du plutonium qui doit etre utilise comme combustible dans des reacteurs a neutrons rapides depend de son origine. En principe, ce plutonium peut provenir de trois sources differentes; a) reacteurs plutonigenes; b) reacteurs de puissance a neutrons thermiques, utilisant l'uranium naturel ou l'uranium enrichi comme combustible; c) couches fertiles de reacteurs a neutrons rapides. En general, la source a) et, a un degre moindre, la source c) fourniront du plutonium relativement
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Volkov, V I; Sidorenkova, E A; Korochkova, S A; Novikov, N A; Sokol' skaya, I B; Timashev, S F [Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Fiziko-Khimicheskij Inst., Moscow (Russian Federation)
1994-03-01
On the basis of data of high-resolution NMR on [sup 1]H nuclei of water, [sup 23]Na and [sup 133]Cs, of counterions Na[sup +] and Ca[sup +] the influence of nonionexchange sorved alkalis and metal chlorides on the state and diffusive mobility of the counterions was studied. It is shown that the type of co-ion can affect considerably the translational diffusion of metal ions.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tauber, Henrik [Carbon-14 Dating Laboratory, Dept. of Natural Sciences, National Museum, Copenhagen (Denmark)
1962-01-15
The large amount of bomb-produced carbon-14 (approx. 3 Mc), which has been released chiefly in the stratosphere, offers possibilities of investigating the routes of transport of carbon dioxide from the stratosphere to the troposphere, as well as the mixing times within the stratosphere and the troposphere. This is done by measuring the rates of increase in the C{sup 14} content of atmospheric CO{sub 2} and of plant material. Such measurements are available from many different localities. Carbon-14 measurements in Denmark on cereals have shown that during 1958 and 1959 the increase in C{sup 14} content was several per cent higher in this country than the average increase for the hemisphere. By the summer of 1959 the C{sup 14} content was 33 % above the 1954 level. The large increases in 1958 and 1959 are probably a C{sup 14} parallel to the spring peaks in Sr{sup 90} fallout found in the North Temperate Zone in the same years. The additional increase in the C{sup 14} content of Danish cereals above the average for the hemisphere suggests latitudinal variations in C{sup 14} contamination. This is in keeping with the findings for particulate fallout, which is brought down from the stratosphere by a similar circulation mechanism. Latitudinal effects of this magnitude make it possible to track the routes of transport from the stratosphere to the troposphere by direct measurements of the C{sup 14} activity of tropospheric CO{sub 2} from a number of widespread sampling stations. The magnitude of a possible latitudinal effect in the pre-bomb steady state is estimated. Such an effect may be part of the explanation of the short-term oscillations in carbon-14 activity found in tree-rings from the last 1300 years. (author) [French] Les grandes quantites de carbone-14 (environ 3 Mc) que l'explosion de bombes a liberees, principalement dans la stratosphere, offrent la possibilite d'etudier les voies suivies par le gaz carbonique entre la stratosphere et la troposphere, ainsi que les temps de melange a l'interieur de la stratosphere et de la troposphere. A cet effet, on mesure le taux d'accroissement de la teneur en carbone-14 du CO{sub 2} atmospherique et de certains vegetaux. Ces donnees sont actuellement recueillies dans de nombreuses localites differentes. Il ressort des mesures effectuees au Danemark sur des cereales qu'en 1958 et 1959 la teneur en carbone-14 de ces cereales y accusait une augmentation superieure de plusieurs centiemes a l'augmentation moyenne pour l'hemisphere nord. Au cours de l'ete 1959, la teneur en carbone-14 etait superieure de 33% au niveau de 1954. Les accroissements considerables ainsi intervenus en 1958 et 1959 sont sans doute un phenomene parallele aux
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Engelmann, J J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)
1960-06-15
' tonkoj reshetkoj. Soglasovannost' s izmereniyami, osushchestvlyaemym i na schetchike 4 {pi}, prekrasna dlya Sr{sup 90}-Y{sup 90} i R{sup 32} (tochnost' bolee chem 2 protsenta). V otnoshenii S{sup 35}, opyty vyyavlyayut vliyanie atomnogo nomera oporoj istochnika i ehtim samym opredelyayut ego vybor. Teorii ob obratnoj diffuzii pozvolyayut ob{sup y}asnit' ehti rezul'taty. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aparicio, E.; Alonso, J. A.; Pedregal, J. D. [Junta de Energia Nuclear Madrid (Spain)
1963-11-15
An account is given of the experimental principles underlying the production process of a UO{sub 2} pellet plant. In this process, advance determination of the particle-size distribution characteristics of the raw material is secured not by means of controlled precipitation but by the crushing and grading of powders. The uranium oxides tested in this work are conventional materials, representing types of fabrication which differ by origin and method used. A study of the pellets obtained shows the potentialities and limitations of each type of oxide in the process adopted. A description is given of the characteristics of the powders as regards specific area, particlesize distribution, differential and thermogravimetric thermal analyses, and stoichiometry, and of the density, contraction, structure and stoichiometry of the pellets. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent les experiences qui ont servi de base aux operations d'une installation de fabrication de pastilles d'UO{sub 2}. Selon la methode employee, pour fixer a l'avance les caracteristiques granulometriques de la matiere premiere, on ne procede pas a une precipitation controlee, mais a un broyage et a un criblage des poudres. Les uranes qui ont fait l'objet de ce travail sont des produits classiques provenant de fabrications qui different par l'origine et le procede de transformation. De l'etude des pastilles obtenues, on deduit les possibilites et les limites de chaque type d'urane par rapport au procede adopte. On controle les caracteristiques suivantes: pour les poudres, la surface specifique, la granulometrie; les proprietes thermiques differentielles et thermogravimetrique et la stoechiometrie; pour les pastilles, la densite, la contraction, la structure et la stoechiometrie des pastilles. (author) [Spanish] Se exponen los fundamentos experimentales sobre los que se basa el proceso de una planta de fabricacion de pastillas de UO{sub 2} . En este proceso no se emplea la precipitacion controlada como medio de prefijar las caracteristicas granulometricas de la materia prima, sino la molienda y clasificacion de los polvos. Las uranias ensayadas en este trabajo son materiales convencionales representantes de tipos diferentes de fabricacion por el origen y metodo operatorio. Del estudio de las pastillas obtenidas se deducen las posibilidades y limitaciones de cada tipo de urania en el proceso adoptado. Se controlan las caracteristicas de superficie especifica, granulometria, analisis termico diferencial y termogravimetricoy estequiometria de los polvos, asi como la densidad, contraccion, estructura y estequiometria de las pastillas. (author) [Russian] Izlagayutsya ehksperimental'nye dannye, na kotorykh osnovan primenyaemyj odnim zavodom metod izgotovleniya tabletok UO{sub 2}. Soglasno ehtomu metodu granulometricheskaya kharakteristika iskhodnogo veshchestva opredelyaetsya zaranee ne putem upravlyaemogo osazhdeniya, a razmel'cheniem i sortirovkoj poroshka. V dannoj rabote ispol'zovalis' obraztsy obychnoj okisi urana, otlichayushchiesya po sposobu izgotovleniya i po proiskhozhdeniyu. Issledovanie privelo k nekotorym vyvodam otnositel'no vozmozhnostej i ogranichenij metoda v zavisimosti ot tipa ispol'zuemoj okisi urana. Privodyatsya rezul'taty izmereniya udel'noj poverkhnosti, granulometrii, termicheskikh differentsial'nogo i termogravimetricheskogo analizov i stekhiometrii poroshkov, a takzhe po plotnosti usadki, strukture i stekhiometrii tabletok. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cole, A. J.; Mia, M. D.; Miller, G. E.; Shaw, P. F.D. [Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford (United Kingdom)
1965-04-15
A study has been made of the yields of compounds containing Br{sup 80m} produced by irradiation of bromethane- bromine mixtures with 14 MeV neutrons at 18 Degree-Sign C, -80 Degree-Sign C and -115 Degree-Sign C, and at atmospheric pressure, and also at 18 Degree-Sign C at pressures up to 10{sup 4} atm. In addition to compounds previously reported in this system, small quantities of bromoethene, 1:2 dibromoethene, mono-and dibromopropanes, and mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-bromo- butanes have been found. There is also indirect evidence for the production of bromobutenes. The diffusion-dependent reactions are complex, and can be explained by assuming that pyrolysis of the liquid occurs in the vicinity of the hot atom to give bromoethyl radicals and ethylene. Addition of radicals to the latter then accounts for the formation of bromides containing more than two carbon atoms and for their diffusion-dependent yields. Reduction in temperature or increase in pressure generally causes an increase in yield attributable to a decreased rate of diffusion. The effect is most marked upon the yield of 1:2 dibromoethane, which is largely produced by the diffusive reaction of bromoethyl radicals and which increases fourfold by the application of 10{sup 4} atm because of the suppression of the dissociation CH{sub 2}-CH{sub 2}Br Rightwards-Arrow-Over-Leftwards-Arrow CH{sub 2} = CH{sub 2} + Br under the influence of the ''hot-spike''. By contrast, dissociation of the radical (CH{sub 3} - CHBr) into bromoethene and a hydrogen atom is energetically forbidden, and the yield of 1: 1 dibromoethane is roughly independent of pressure. The variation with temperature and pressure of the yield of bromoethane at large bromine concentrations is close to that predicted previously. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont etudie les rendements en composes contenant {sup 80m}Br produits par exposition de melanges de bromoethane-brome a des neutrons de 14 MeV aux temperatures de 18 Degree-Sign , -80 Degree-Sign et -115 Degree-Sign C et a la pression atmospherique, ainsi qu'a la temperature de 18 Degree-Sign C et a des pressions allant jusqu'a 10{sup 4} atm. En plus des composes deja signales, ils ont trouve de faibles quantites de bromoethylene, de dibromo- 1,2-ethylene, de mono-et dibromopropanes et de mono-, di-, tri-et tetrabromobutanes; il existe en outre des indices indirects de la formation de bromobutenes. Les reactions qui dependent de la diffusion sont complexes-, on peut les expliquer en admettant qu'une pyrolyse du liquide se produit dans le voisinage de l'atome chaud et donne des radicaux bromoethyle et de l'ethylene. C'est alors a l'addition de radicaux a l'ethylene que sont dus a la fois la formation de bromures contenant plus de deux atomes de carbone et les rendements en ces bromures, qui dependent de la diffusion. D'une maniere generale, une reduction de la temperature ou un accroissement de la pression entraine une augmentation du rendement imputable a une diminution de la vitesse de diffusion. L'effet est le plus marque sur le rendement en dibromo-1, 2-ethanef qui se produit surtout par la reaction de diffusion des radicaux bromoethyle et qui est quadruple par l'application de 10{sup 4} atm du fait de la suppression de la dissociation CH{sub 2}-CH{sub 2}Br Rightwards-Arrow-Over-Leftwards-Arrow CH{sub 2} = CH{sub 2} + Br En revanche, la dissociation du radical (CH{sub 3} -CHBr) en bromoethylene et hydrogene (CH{sub 2} = CHBr + H) est impossible, et le rendement en dibromo-1,1-ethane est a peu pres independant de la pression. La variation, en fonction de la temperature et de la pression, du rendement en bromoethane pour de fortes concentrations de brome est voisine de celle qui avait ete prevue precedemment par l'un des auteurs. (author) [Spanish] Se ha estudiado el rendimiento de los compuestos que contienen {sup 80m}Br, producidos por irradiacion de mezclas de bromoetano y bromo con neutrones de 14 MeV a 18 Degree-Sign C, -80 Degree-Sign C y -115 Degree-Sign C y a la presion atmosferica, asi como a 18 Degree-Sign C y presiones de hasta 10{sup 4} atm. Ademas de los compuestos ya conocidos en este sistema, se han hallado pequeflas cantidades de bromoetano, 1,2-dibromoetano, mono y dibromo- propanos y mono, di, tri y tetra bromobutanos; tambien hay pruebas indirectas de produccion debromobutenos. Las reacciones dependientes de la difusion son complejas, y se pueden explicar suponiendo que en las proximidades del atomo caliente se produce una pirolisis del liquido por la que se forman radicales bromo- etilo y etileno. La adicion de radicales a este ultimo determina la formacion de bromuros que contienen mas de dos atomos de carbono, asi como sus rendimientos dependientes de la difusion. La disminucion de la temperatura o el aumento de la presion se traduce por lo general en un incremento del rendimiento atribuible a una menor velocidad de difusion. El. efecto es mas acusado en el rendimiento de 1, 2-dibromoetano producido principalmente por la reaccion difusiva de radicales bromoetilo, que se cuadruplica al aplicar una presion de 10{sup 4} atm debido a la supresion de la disociacion CH{sub 2}-CH{sub 2}Br Rightwards-Arrow-Over-Leftwards-Arrow CH{sub 2} = CH{sub 2} + Br bajo la influencia de la ''punta termica''. En cambio, la disociacion del radical (CH{sub 3} -CHBr) en bromoetano y un atomo de hidrogeno no es energeticamente viable, y el rendimiento de 1,1-dibromoetano es casi independiente de la presion. La variacion del rendimiento de bromoetano para grandes concentraciones de bromo en funcion de la temperatura y de la presion se aproxima al valor que se habia previsto. (author) [Russian] Izuchalis' vyhody soedinenij, soderzhashhih Br{sup 80m} kotoryj byl poluchen oblucheniem smesej bromjetan-bromina nejtronami 14 Mjev pri temperaturah 18 Degree-Sign C, -80 Degree-Sign C i -115 Degree-Sign C pri atmosfernom davlenii, a takzhe pri 18 Degree-Sign C i davlenijah do 10{sup 4} atmosfer. Pomimo soedinenij jetoj sistemy,o kotoryh soobshhalos' ranee, byli najdeny nebol'shie kolichestva bromjetena, 1:2 dibromjetena, mono- i dibrompropanov i moho-, di-, tri- i tetra- brombutanov; est' takzhe kosvennoe dokazatel'stvo proizvodstva brombutenov. Diffuzionno-zavisimye reakcii javljajutsja kompleksnymi i mogut byt' ob{sup j}asneny, predpolozhiv, chto piroliz zhidkosti proishodit v okrestnosti gorjachego atoma s polucheniem brom- jetilovyh radikalov i jetilena. Dobavlenie radikalov k poslednemu otvechaet za obrazovanie bromidov, soderzhashhih bolee chem 2 atoma ugleroda i za ih diffuzionno-zavisimye vyhody. Ponizhenie temperatury ili uvelichenie davlenija obychno vyzyvaet uvelichenie vyhoda, svjazannogo s umen'shennoj skorost'ju diffuzii. Jeffekt osobenno znachitelen dlja vyhoda 1:2 dibromojetana, kotoryj proizvoditsja glavnym obrazom reakciej diffuzii bromjetilovyh radikalov i kotoryj uvelichivaetsja v chetyre raza pri primenenii 10{sup 4} atmosfer blagodarja podavleniju dissociacii CH{sub 2}-CH{sub 2}Br Rightwards-Arrow-Over-Leftwards-Arrow CH{sub 2} = CH{sub 2} + Br pod davleniem ''gorjachego pika''. Naprotiv, dissociacija radikala (CH{sub 3} - CHBr) na brom- jeten i atom vodoroda javljaetsja jenergeticheski zapreshhennoj, i vyhod 1:1 dibromjetana grubo nezavisim ot davlenija. Izmenenie vyhoda bromjetana v zavisimosti ot temperatury i davlenija pri bol'shih koncentracijah bromina blizko k tomu, chto predskazyvalos' ranee. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Roche, J.; Nunez, J.; Jacquemin, Cl. [Laboratoire de Biochimie Generale et Comparee, College de France, Paris (France)
1962-02-15
tironina v kachestve estestvennogo produkta shhitovidnyh gormnov podtverzhdaet issledovanie ego tkanevogo metabolizma; mechennyj tri- tiem tironin v 3 i 5 byl poluchen v laboratornyh uslovijah (in-vitro) putem razrezov pochki i myshcy. Harakternye osobennosti opredeljalis' zhidkoscintil- -ljacionnym radiohromatografom radioavtografiej : 1. Tirozin, obrazovanie kotorogo svidetel'stvuet o razryve svjazujushhego (difeniletornogo) mosta tironina. 2. 3' s gidroksitironinom i 3 i 4 s bigidroksifenilalaninom, nalichie koto- ryh illjustriruet uchastie processa d'gidroksilacii v katabolizme ciklov. 3. Tiroacetichnye i rgidroksifenilaceticheskie kisloty, pojavdenie kotoryh otvechaet obshhej sheme ponizhenija al'fa- amidirovannyh kislot. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Heyns, H; Desreux, V [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Liege (Belgium)
1960-07-15
molekulyarnym vesom v rastvore i tverdom sostoyanii. Ispol'zuemymi rastvoritelyam i yavlyayutsya benzol i chetyrekhkhloristyj uglerod; opyty proizvodilis ' pri obychnoj temperature bez vozdukha i pri nalichii vozdukha. Nikakogo posleduyushchego dejstviya vo vremya irradiatsii rastvorov zamecheno ne bylo. Pri obluchenii vozrastayushchim i dozami razzhizhzhennykh rastvorov, pri nalichii vozdukha, zamecheno, chto sobstvennaya vyazkost' i postoyannoe osazhdenie umen'shayutsya . Poluchennye rezul'taty mogut byt' istolkovany na osnove degradatsii. Pryamoj i kosvennyj ehffekty proportsional'n y doze i zavisyat ot rastvoritelya. Oba oni takzhe pryamoproportsional'n y pervonachal'nomu molekulyarnomu vesu polimera. Izuchaetsya vliyanie kisloroda ili ingibitora (zamedlitelya) . Obluchenie provodilos' takzhe v tverdom sostoyanii. Ono pokazalo, chto v ehtom sluchae nablyudaetsya poperechnaya svyaz', kak pri nalichii, tak i pri otsutstvii kisloroda. EHta poperechnaya svyaz' soprovozhdaetsya bolee ili menee vazhnoj degradatsiej, v zavisimosti ot sluchaya. Nakonets, opyty, provedennye nad kontsentrirovannymi rastvorami v chetyrekhkhloristom uglerode, pokazyvayut, chto v dannom sluchae imeet mesto sopernichestvo mezhdu degradatsiej i poperechnoj svyaz'yu. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L [National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow (United Kingdom)
1962-01-15
, los autores han tenido en cuenta la estructura de los materiales empleados y los procesos de difusion a los que se debe el progreso de la reaccion una vez iniciada esta. (author) [Russian] Protivoiznosnoe dejstvie sernykh i fosfornykh soedinenij, kotorye obychno dobavlyayutsya k mashinnym maslam, zavisit ot khimicheskikh reaktsij s metallicheskimi poverkhnostyami shesterenok. EHti reaktsii imeyut mesto kak pri osnovnoj temperature masel (primerno 100 Degree-Sign C), tak i pri vysokikh temperaturakh (priblizitel'no 600 Degree-Sign C) v techenie nebol'shogo promezhutka vremeni, kogda zubtsy shesterenok vstupayut vo vzai-modejstvie pod nagruzkoj. Temperaturnye izmeneniya sozdavalis' v apparate, v kotorom korotkie impul'sy ehlektrotoka ispol'zovalis' dlya nagrevaniya metallicheskikh provodov, pogruzhennykh v mineral'noe maslo, soderzhashchee v rastvore mechenye soedineniya sery-35 i fosfora-32. Zameryalas' voznikavshaya v provodakh radioaktivnost'. Stepen' reaktsii opredelyalas' kak funktsiya temperatury i vremeni. Rezul'taty reaktsii vyrazhalis' posredstvom osnovnykh zakonov kinetiki. Izucheniyu podverglis' voprosy izmeneniya skorosti reaktsii v zavisimosti ot nalichiya drugikh sostavov v rastvore. Bylo takzhe opredeleno vliyanie predvaritel'no obrazovannykh pokrytij poverkhnosti, soderzhashchikh seru, fosfor, khlor i/ili kislorod. Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya rezul'tatov raboty ispol'zuyutsya dannye o strukture materialov, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya protsessy diffuzij tam, gde reaktsii vykhodili za svoi nachal'nye stadii. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kudahl, J N; Fremlin, J H; Hardwick, J L [Department of Physics, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
1962-01-15
pomeshchayutsya na opredelennuyu ploshchad' stekla, to nekotoroe kolichestvo F{sup 18} adsorbiruetsya i po ustanovlenii sostoyaniya ravnovesiya mozhet byt' zakrepleno posredstvom uvelicheniya pH. Radioaktivnost' stekla mozhet sluzhit' meroj obshchego kolichestva ftora na stekle i ehta mera mozhet byt' ispol'zovana dlya postroeniya izotermy adsorbtsii, iz kotoroj mozhno vyvesti soderzhanie ftora v neizvestnom rastvore dannoj serii. Bylo izucheno vliyanie pokazatelya rN i prisutstvie ionov kal'tsiya i fosfata i pokazano, chto organicheskie materialy mozhno szhigat' bez kakoj-libo opasnosti, esli oni soderzhat iony kal'tsiya i magniya. Tochnost' ehtogo metoda ne zavisit ot kontsentratsii ftora v rastvorakh, krepost' kotorykh mozhet vyrazhat'sya menee, chem v odnu chast' na million. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Meyer, R. O.; Slifkin, L. [University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
1966-02-15
Self-diffusion studies in silver-gold alloys show that the activation energies decrease monotonically with increasing gold concentration. These results are not explained by theories based on corresponding states, size effects, or heats of solution; however, LeClaire's extension of Lazarus' electrostatic theory gives semiquantitative agreement. The decrease of the pre-exponential factors with increasing gold concentration indicates that the vacancy entropy of migration decreases linearly with composition by 1.5 R from pure silver to pure gold. For either tracer at a fixed temperature, the diffusion coefficient D versus composition exhibits a broad minimum. Using these data as a test of theories of vacancy-impurity interaction, only those of Manning and Lidiard give satisfactory and consistent results. Addition of the more mobile silver to the less mobile gold actually decreases D for both tracers; analysis indicates that the presence of a silver atom adjacent to a vacancy and a gold atom reduces the gold atom jump frequency by a factor of approximately 0.4. The existence of the broad minimum in the plot of D versus composition allows an investigation of the effect of a vacancy flux on tracer diffusion. A Kirkendall couple is prepared from compositions symmetrically displaced about the minimum. The interface contains a thin layer of gold tracer and is marked with fine particles of radioactive hafnium oxide. During the diffusion anneal the vacancy flux produces a drift of the centre of mass of the gold tracer distribution, which remains undistorted since D is almost independent of position. The fine, inert marker locates the original interface to within several microns. Results as of February, 1965 indicate drifts of the centre of the gold tracer distribution of approximately 20 microns toward the silver-rich end. (author) [French] Les etudes sur l'autodiffusion dans les alliages d'or et d'argent montrent que les energies d'activation decroissent de faqon monotone lorsque la concentration en or augmente. Ces resultats ne s'expliquent pas par des theories fondees sur les etats correspondants, les effets de taille ou les temperatures de dissolution; toutefois, il y a quantitativement une semi-concordance avec la generalisation de la theorie electrostatique de Lazarus, faite par LeClaire. Le fait que les facteurs pre-exponentiels decroissent lorsque la concentration en or augmente indique que l'entropie de migration des lacunes decroit proportionnellement a la composition, la raison etant 1,5 R, lorsqu'on passe de l'argent pur a l'or pur. Pour l'un ou l'autre des indicateurs a une temperature determinee, la courbe du coefficient de diffusion D en fonction de la composition presente un large minimum. Si l'on utilise ces valeurs pour verifier les theories sur l'interaction des lacunes et des impuretes, on constate que celles de Manning et Lidiard sont les seules qui donnent des resultats satisfaisants et concordants. Si l'on ajoute de l'argent plus mobile a de l'or moins mobile, on observe qu'en fait D diminue pour les deux indicateurs; l'analyse montre que si un atome d'argent est adjacent a une lacune et a un atome d'or, la frequence de saut correspondant a l'atome d'or diminue dans la proportion d'environ 0,4. Etant donne le minimum de la courbe du coefficient de diffusion D en fonction de la composition, on peut etudier l'effet d'un flux de lacunes sur la diffusion des indicateurs. On prepare un couple de Kirkendall a partir de compositions placees symetriquement par rapport au minimum. L'interface contient une couche mince d'or indicateur et est {sup m}arquee avec des particules fines d'oxyde d'hafnium radioactif. Au cours du recuit par diffusion, le flux de lacunes provoque un deplacement du centre de masse de la distribution d'or indicateur, qui ne subit pas de distorsion, le coefficient de diffusion D etant presque independant de la position. Les fines particules marquantes inertes indiquent l'emplacement primitif de l'interface a quelques microns pres. Les resultats obtenus jusqu'en fevrier 1965 indiquent que les deplacements du centre de la distribution de l'or indicateur sont d'environ 20 microns vers l'extremite riche en argent. (author) [Spanish] Los estudios de autodifusion en aleaciones plata-oro muestran que las energias de activacion disminuyen monotonamente al aumentar la concentracion del segundo metal. Las teorias basadas en los estados correspondientes en los efectos del tamafio o en los calores de solucion, no alcanzan a explicar dichos resultados; en cambio, la ampliacion introducida por LeClaire en la teoria electrostatica de Lazarus brinda una concordancia semicuantitativa. La disminucion de los factores preexponenciales al aumentar la concentracion de oro indica que la entropia de la migracion de huecos decrece en forma proporcional a la composicion, a razon de 1,5 R, desde plata pura hasta oro puro. Para ambos indicadores a una temperatura fija, el coeficiente de difusion D, en funcion de la composicion, presenta un minimo aplanado. Utilizando estos datos para verificar las teorias sobre la interaccion huecos-impurezas, solo las de Manning y Lidiard dan resultados satisfactorios y concordantes. El agregado del metal mas movil -plata- al menos movil -oro- produce en la practica una disminucion de D para ambos indicadores; el analisis indica que la presencia de un atomo de plata junto a un hueco y a un atomo de oro reduce en un factor de 0,4 aproximadamente la frecuencia del salto correspondiente a este ultimo. La presencia de un minimo aplanado en la curva representativa de D en funcion de la composicion, permite investigar el efecto del flujo de huecos sobre la difusion del indicador. Se prepara un par de Kirkendall con composiciones desplazadas simetricamente respecto del minimo. La interfase contiene una capa delgada de indicador de oro y esta marcada con particulas finas de oxido de hafnio radiactivo. Durante el recocido por difusion, el flujo de huecos produce un desplazamiento del centro de masas correspondiente a la distribucion del indicador oro, la cual no sufre deformacion alguna puesto que D es practicamente independiente de la posicion. El indicador inerte, de particulas finas, permite localizar la interfase original con precision de algunos micrones. Los resultados obtenidos hasta febrero de 1965 senalan que el centro correspondiente a la distribucion del indicador oro se desplaza unos 20 {mu}m hacia el extremo rico en plata. (author) [Russian] Izuchenie samodiffuzii v splavah serebra s zolotom pokazy- vaet, chto jenergii aktivacii monotonno umen'shajutsja s uvelicheniem koncentracii zolota. Rezul'taty jetih issledovanij nel'zja ob{sup j}asnit' ishodja iz teorij, osnovannyh na sootvetst- vujushhih sostojanijah, vlijanii razmera ili teplote rastvorenija; odnako razvitaja Leklerom jelektrostatisticheskaja teorija Lazara pozvoljaet poluchit' polukolichestvennoe soglasie. Umen'shenie predjeksponencial'nyh faktorov s uvelicheniem koncentracii zolota ukazyvaet na to, chto jentropija vakansij dlja migracii linejno umen'shaetsja s izmeneniem sosta- va na 1,5 ROT chistogo serebra do chistogo zolota. V otnoshenii kazhdogo indikatora pri postojannoj temperature kojefficient diffuzii DE zavisimosti ot sostava pokazyvaet shirokij minimum. S pomoshh'ju jetih dannyh, ispol'zuemyh dlja proverki teorij vzaimodejst- vija mezhdu vakansiej i primes'ju, ustanavlivaetsja, chto tol'ko dannye Manninga i Lidiarda dajut udovletvoritel'nye i neprotivorechivye rezul'taty. Pribavlenie bolee podvizhnogo serebra k menee podvizhnomu zolotu fakticheski umen'shaet Bdlja oboih indikatorov; analiz pokazyvaet, chto prisutstvie atoma serebra, smezhnogo s vakansiej, i atoma zolota umen'- shaet chastotu skachka atoma zolota priblizitel'no na velichinzg 0,4. Nalichie shirokogo minimuma na grafike zavisimosti DOT sostava pozvoljaet issledo- vat' vlijanie potoka vakansii na diffuziju indikatora. Para Kirkendalla prigotovljaetsja iz sostavov, simmetrichno smeshhennyh otnositel'no minimuma. Poverhnost' razdela soderzhit tonkij sloj mechenogo zolota i metitsja s pomoshh'ju melkih chastic radioaktivnoj okisi gafnija. Vo vremja diffuzionnogo otzhiga potok vakansij vyzyvaet smeshhenie centra massy rasprede- lenija mechenogo zolota, kotoroe ostaetsja neizmennym, poskol'ku D pochti ne zavisit ot polo- zhenija. Melkij inertnyj marker pokazyvaet pervonachal'nuju poverhnost' razdela tolshhinoj v neskol'ko mikronov. Imejushhiesja na fevral' 1965 goda rezul'taty govorjat o smeshhenii centra raspredelenija mechenogo zolota priblizitel'no na 20 mikron v napravlenii konca, bogatogo serebrom. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nair, K. K.; Subramanyam, G. [Biology Division, Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, Bombay (India)
1963-09-15
In order to find out whether a change in dose-rate would significantly alter a radiation response, eggs as well as the adults of Tribolium castaneum were tested for viability and fertility respectively after exposure to gamma radiation at different dose-rates. The doses employed were 2000 and 5000 rad and the dose-rates ranged from 126 rad/h to 140 000 rad/h. It was observed that with an increase in dose-rate there was a decline in the fertility of the adults. Similarly the viability of the eggs was considerably reduced as the dose-rate increased, but at very high dose-rates there was a significant increase in viability. The significance of these findings is discussed. (author) [French] En vue de determiner si une variation du debit de dose modifie de maniere significative la reponse aux rayonnements, on a fait des essais sur des oeufs et des adultes de Tribolium castaneum, dont on a etudie respectivement la viabilite et la fecondite apres exposition a des doses de rayons gamma d'intensites differentes. On a administre des doses de 2000 et 5000 rad, le debit de dose variant de 126 a 140 000 rad/h. On a constate que la fecondite des adultes diminuait a mesure que le debit de dose augmentait. De meme, la viabilite des oeufs etait considerablement reduite a mesure que le debit de dose augmentait, mais pour des debits de dose tres eleves la viabilite augmentait sensiblement. Les auteurs analysent les donnees obtenues. (author) [Spanish] Para averiguar si un cambio en la intensidad de la dosis produce alteraciones fundamentales en la radiosensibilidad, se comprobo la viabilidad de los huevecillos y la fertilidad de los adultos de Tribolium castaneum despues de exponerlos a dosis de radiaciones gamma de intensidad diferente. Las dosis empleadas fueron 2000 y 5000 rad, y las intensidades oscilaron entre 126 rad/h y 140 000 rad/h. Al aumentar la intensidad de la dosis se produce una disminucion de la fertilidad de los adultos. De modo similar, la viabilidad de los huevecillos disminuyo considerablemente al aumentar la intensidad de dosis, aunque vuelve a aumentar de manera notable cuando las intensidades de dosis alcanzan valores muy elevados. La memoria discute el significado de estos resultados. (author) [Russian] Dlya opredeleniya zavisimosti reaktsii na obluchenie ot izmeneniya moshchnosti dozy izuchalis' zhiznesposobnost' i fertil'nost' yaits, a takzhe vzroslykh osobej Tribolium castaneum posle gamma-oblucheniya pri razlichnykh moshchnostyakh doz. Ispol'zovalis' dozy v 2000 i 5000 rad, a moshchnost' doz izmenyalas' ot 126 do 140 000 rad v chas. Bylo zamecheno, chto s povysheniem moshchnosti dozy ponizhalas' fertil'nost' vzroslykh osobej. Podobnym zhe obrazom s povysheniem moshchnosti dozy znachitel'no umen'shalas' zhiznesposobnost' yaits, odnako pri ochen' bol'shikh moshchnostyakh doz zhiznesposobnost' zametno uvelichivalas'. Obsuzhdaetsya znachenie poluchennykh dannykh. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bradna, F. [Laboratorija Radiologicheskoj Dozimetrii Instituta Jadernykh Issledovanij CHSAN Praga, CSSR (Czech Republic)
1967-01-15
-acetate substrate 190-{mu}m thick, which was an effective proton radiator. The emulsions were irradiated with fast neutrons of fluence 1.56 x 10{sup 8} n/cm{sup 2} from an RaD-Be source. For increased efficiency of neutron detection, supplementary proton radiators such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tri-acetate (T) and polyethylene (PE) of the optimum thickness were used during irradiation of the emulsion. Dosimetric analysis of the results gave the following: (1) The efficiency of detection was increased, in comparison with normal gelatin emulsions, by: (a) up to 25% when using polymers No. 1 and No. 2, depending on the degree of filling, and (b) 100% when polymer No. 1 was used in a hydrogen-saturated emulsion taken as a standard polymer-gelatin emulsion (SPGE), (2) When the optimum supplementary proton radiators (PVA, T, PE) were added to this SPGE, its detection efficiency was further increased to 330%. (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote predlagajutsja rezul'taty ispytanij svojstv v Laboratorii radiologicheskoj dozimetrii IJaI ChSAN vodorodom obogashhennyh jadernyh jemul'sij, prednaznachennyh dlja registracii bystryh nejtronov i privoditsja sravnenie dozimetricheskih harakteristik jetih jemul'sij novogo tipa s harakteristikami do sih por ispol'zuemyh zhelatinovyh jemul'sij. Iz serii v laboratorii sintezirovannyh polimerov naibolee interesnymi okazalis': 1) olivinil'acetal' 2,4-disul'fokisloty benzaldegida (polimer N2 1); 2) sopolimer a-acetilaminoakrilovoj kisloty i N-vinilpirrolidona (polimer No 2). Otdel'no izuchalas' vozmozhnost' primenenija rastvorov polivinilovogo spirta s bolee vysokim soderzhaniem vodoroda po sravneniju s vysheukazannymi ispytannymi polimerami (No 1, No 2) dlja propityvanija polimero-zhelatinovyh jemul'sij i dlja prigotovlenija iz nego plenok v kachestve radiatora protonov. Polimery N21 i N9 2 primenjalis' predvaritel'no v ispytatel'noj ammiachnoj jemul'sii. Bylo ustanovleno, chto polimer No 1 ne okazyvaet zametnogo vlijanija na fotohimicheskie svojstva
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hanna, S S; Perlow, G J [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)
1962-01-15
radiacion do resonancia con y sin polarizacion. Estos estudios les han conducido a una interpretacion de la estructura hiperfina en funcion de las propiedades de los estados nucleares y de la interaccion hiperfina en el hierro. Tambien han investigado los efectos de un campo magnetico externo sobre la estructura hiperfina. Por otra parte, la absorcion por resonancia en el {sup 57}Fe permitio estudiar la relacion entre la cronologia de la desintegracion de im estado nuclear y el espectro de la radiacion observada. Se realizaron observaciones detalladas sobre el espectro de las radiaciones de resonancia filtradas, en funcion del tiempo, en condiciones muy diversas. (author) [Russian] Kak pokazal Messbauehr, ispuskanie i pogloshchenie yadernogo izlucheniya bez otdachi yadra obespechivaet prostoj metod izucheniya vzaimodejstviya yader s ehlektromagnitnym izlucheniem i, chto ochen' vazhno, yavlyaetsya chrezvychajno chuvstvitel'nym sredstvom issledovaniya bol'shogo kolichestva fizicheskikh zadach. V sluchae yader zheleza-57 sozdaetsya ves'ma blagopriyatnoe polozhenie, tak kak v ehtom sluchae rezonansnoe pogloshchenie mozhet ispol'zovat'sya v kachestve ochen' chuvstvitel'nogo detektora izmeneniya chastoty ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya. Detal'no izuchalos' rezonansnoe pogloshchenie v zheleze-57. Intensivnost' pogloshcheniya, forma i liniya sdviga nablyudalis' v zavisimosti ot temperatury. Polyarizatsiya radioaktivnogo izlucheniya nablyudalas' posredstvom ehksperimentov s namagnichennymi istochnikami i poglotitelyami. Sverkhtonkij spektr rezonansnoj radiatsii analizirovalsya s polyarizatsiej i bez nee. EHti issledovaniya priveli k tolkovaniyu sverkhtonkoj struktury v otnoshenii svojstv yadernykh sostoyanij i sverkhtonkogo vzaimodejstviya v zheleze. Bylo rassmotreno takzhe vliyanie vneshnego magnitnogo polya na sverkhtonkuyu strukturu. Rezonansnoe pogloshchenie v zheleze-57 bylo ispol'zovano dlya izucheniya svyazi mezhdu razvitiem raspada yadernogo sostoyaniya vo vremeni i spektrom
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blau, M. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY (United States)
1964-10-15
dosis corporal total imputable a la aplicacion de este procedimiento es inferior a 1 rad. La dosis de selenio es de algunos microgramos solamente y no entrana ningun riesgo de toxicidad. (author) [Russian] Obnaruzhena vysokaja stepen' koncentracii aminokislot v podzheludochnoj zheleze v techenie pervyh neskol'kih chasov posle vvedenija. Jeta osobennost' svjazana s bystrym sintezom i krugooborotom pishhevaritel'nyh fermentov. Poskol'ku ni odin iz jelementov v strukture aminokislot (C,H,N i S) ne imeet sootvetstvujushhih gamma- izluchajushhih izotopov, ih nel'zja ispol'zovat' dlja skennirovanija. Byli podgotovleny i ispytany neskol'ko proizvodnyh aminokislot -jod-131, no v kazhdom sluchae terjalos' svojstvo ishodnoj aminokisloty sosredotochivat'sja v podzheludochnoj zheleze. Himicheskoe shodstvo selena i sery daet osnovanie schitat', chto selenovyj analog meteonina blizok k metioninu po stroeniju v dostatochnoj stepeni, chtoby zanjat' ego mesto pri sinteze belka. Selen-75 (period poluraspada 128 dnej, osnovnye dannye: gamma-luchi, 0,27 Mjev) prigoden dlja skennirovanija. Prigotavlivalsja selenometionin - selen-75 s pomoshh'ju biosinteza drozhzhej. Drozhzhi vyrashhivali na srede s nizkim soderzhaniem sery i vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'ju selena-75 v vide selenita. Posle jekstragirovanija jefirom i gorjachej trihloruksusnoj kislotoj belkovyj ostatok podvergali gidrolizu s pomoshh'ju soljanoj kisloty. Rezul'tirujushhuju smes' aminokislot razdeljali metodom hromatografii na kolonke. Selenometionin -selen-75, podgotovlennyj takim obrazom, imel biologicheskie svojstva prirodnyh aminokislot. Pogloshhenie v podzheludochnoj zheleze sostavljalo okolo 7%vvedennoj dozy, a koncentracija na gramm podzheludochnoj zhelezy byla v 7 raz bol'she chem na gramm pecheni. Pogloshhenie v krovi i drugih organah bylo eshhe nizhe, pecheni. Pogloshhenie v krovi i drugih organah bylo eshhe nizhe. V nastojashhee vremja proizvoditsja klinicheskaja ocenka metodov skennirovanija podzheludochnoj zhelezy
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Engelmann, P [Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (Germany)
1962-03-15
rascheta, pokazyvayushchie vliyanie ispol'zovaniya ehtikh materialov dlya obolochki i umen'sheniya plotnosti topliva na kriticheskuyu massu, a takzhe koehffitsient razmnozheniya v malykh i srednikh briderakh. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thomas, R. G. [Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
1964-10-15
There are three important biological parameters which are necessary in evaluating the hazards from compounds entering the body by any route. These are (1) the amount deposited in-the body; (2) the distribution and translocation kinetics within the body; and (3) the rate of excretion of the material. Sufficient quantitative data on these points are generally lacking in the case of an accidental exposure. This paper deals with experimental animal studies correlating different physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled particles with the three biological variables mentioned above. Values for the amount and location of deposited material as a function of the particle size inhaled is presented for a tissue soluble compound (caesium chloride) and for a tissue ''insoluble'' compound (thorium chloride). Evidence is also given to substantiate the variations which occur in tissue distribution and excretion of an element, depending upon its physical and chemical state when breathed. Data from experiments with aerosols of many compounds, including those already mentioned, is used to show a unique correlation between body burden and faecal excretion during the first few post-exposure days. The advantages in performing analyses on both urine and faeces for bioassay purposes is demonstrated. The fallacies in current methods of practical hazard assessment from air sampling and bioassay techniques are stressed throughout, using the above data as examples. (author) [French] Pour evaluer les risques dus aux composes qui penetrent dans l'organisme par une voie quelconque, il faut tenir compte de trois parametres biologiques importants: 1. Quantite deposee dans l'organisme; 2. Cinetique de la repartition et de la translocation a l'interieur de l'organisme; 3. Vitesse de l'excretion de la matiere consideree. Dans le cas d'une exposition accidentelle, on manque generalement de donnees quantitatives suffisantes sur ces parametres. Le memoire a trait a des etudes experimentales qui ont ete faites sur des animaux en vue d'etablir une correlation entre, d'une part, certaines caracteristiques physiques et chimiques des particules inhalees et, d'autre part, les trois parametres biologiques mentionnes ci-dessus. L'auteur indique des valeurs de la quantite deposee, selon les emplacements et en fonction de la dimension des particules inhalees, pour un compose soluble dans le tissu (chlorure de cesium) et pour un autre qui ne l'est pas (chlorure de thorium). Il se base sur certaines donnees pour expliquer les variations que subissent la repartition tissulaire et l'excretion d'un element, selon l'etat physique et chimique dans lequel il se trouve lors de l'inhalation. Il se sert de donnees provenant d'experiences sur des aerosols de nombreux composes, y compris ceux qui ont deja ete mentionnes, pour montrer qu'il existe une correlation exceptionnelle entre la charge corporelle et l'excretion dans les matieres fecales durant les quelques premiers jours qui suivent l'exposition. Il indique quels sont, aux fins des dosages biologiques, les avantages qu'il y a a analyser a la fois les urines et les matieres fecales. En prenant comme exemple les donnees susmentionnees, l'auteur souligne dans tout le memoire les erreurs que comportent les methodes couramment utilisees pour evaluer les risques par les procedes d'echantillonnage et d'analyse biologique de l'air. (author) [Spanish] Para evaluar los riesgos derivados de la penetracion de sustancias radiactivas en el organismo por una via cualquiera, son tres los parametros biologicos importantes que es preciso conocer: 1) la cantidad depositada en el organismo, 2) la cinetica de distribucion y translocacion dentro del organismo, 3) la velocidad de eliminacion de la sustancia por excrecion. Por lo general, en el caso de una exposicion accidental, se carece de datos cuantitativos suficientes sobre estos puntos. En la memoria se describen los estudios realizados con animales de laboratorio para correlacionar las diferentes caracteristicas fisicas y quimicas de las particulas inhaladas y las tres variables biologicas antes mencionadas. Se presentan datos acerca de la cantidad y localizacion de la sustancia depositada, determinados en funcion del tamano de las particulas inhaladas, en el caso de un compuesto soluble en los tejidos (cloruro de cesio) y en el caso de un compuesto insoluble en los tejidos (Cloruro de torio). Asimismo, se facilita informacion encaminada a explicar las variaciones que se producen en la distribucion de un elemento en los tejidos y en su excrecion, segun su forma fisicaca y quimica al ser inhalado. Se exponen datos proporcionados por los experimentos realizados con aerosoles de muchas sustancias, entre ellas las ya mencionadas, para poner de manifiesto la peculiar correlacion existente entre la carga corporal y la excrecion por via fecal durante los primeros dias consecutivos a la exposicion. Se demuestra la ventaja de efectuar a la vez analisis de orina y de heces para determinaciones biologicas. Utilizando los anteriores datos como ejemple, se ponen de relieve los errores inherentes a los actuales metodos de evaluacion practica de riesgos, basados en el analisis de muestras de aire y de sustancias biologicas. (author) [Russian] Imeetsja tri vazhnyh biologicheskih parametrov, neobhodimyh dlja ocenki opasnosti v rezul'tate popadanija soedinenij v organizm ljubym putem. K nim otnosjatsja: 1) kolichestvo otlozhivshegosja v organizme veshhestva; 2) raspredelenie i kinetika peremeshhenij v organizme; 3) skorost' vyvedenija veshhestva. Pri sluchajnom obluchenii v celom otsutstvujut dostatochnye kolichestvennye dannye po jetim punktam. V doklade izlagajutsja dannye jeksperimental'nyh issledovanij na zhivotnyh, pokazyvajushhie sootnoshenie mezhdu razlichnymi fizicheskimi i himicheskimi harakteristikami vdyhaemyh chastic i upomjanutymi vyshe tremja biologicheskimi peremennymi. Predstavleny dannye o kolichestve i lokalizacii otlozhivshegosja materiala kak funkcii razmera vdyhaemyh chastic dlja rastvorimogo v tkanjah soedinenija (chlorid cezija) i dlja ''nerastvorimogo'' v tkanjah soedinenija (hlorid torija). Privedeny takzhe dokazatel'stva variacij raspredelenija jelementa v tkanjah i vydelenija v zavisimosti ot ego fiziko-himicheskogo sostojanija pri vdyhanii. Dannye, poluchennye v rezul'tate provedenija jeksperimentov s ajerozoljami mnogih soedinenij, v tom chisle upomjanutyh vyshe, ispol'zovany dlja pokaza unikal'nogo sootnoshenija mezhdu soderzhaniem soedinenij v organizme i vydeleniem s jekskrementami v techenie neskol'kih dnej posle obluchenija. Pokazany preimushhestva odnovremennogo provedenija dlja biologicheskih celej analiza mochi i kala. Na primere jetih dannyh pokazany pogreshnosti, voznikajushhie pri ispol'zovanii primenjaemyh v nastojashhee vremja metodov prakticheskoj ocenki opasnosti obluchenija na osnovanii otbora prob vozduha i metodik biologicheskogo analiza. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bruce, F. R. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
1960-07-01
, soderzhit ostatki produktov raspada v razvedennom rastvore azotnoj kisloty. Ob'em isparjajushhihsja othodov kolebletsja ot 0,8 litrov na kilogramm urana dlja nizkoobogashhenshdh toplivnyh jelementov do 500 litrov na kilogramm urana dlja vysokoobogashhennyh toplivnyh jelementov, srednij ob{sup e}m soedinennyh vmeste othodov vysokoj i srednej stepeni aktivnosti ot jadernoj jenergeticheskoj promyshlennosti Soedinennyh Shtatov sostavljaet okolo pjati litrov na kilogramm urana. Po sushhestvujushhim ocenkam jadernaja jenergeticheskaja promyshlennost' v Soedinennyh Shtatah budet proizvodit' okolo 3 mlrd. kjuri radioaktivnosti v 27 mln. litrah rastvora k 1970 godu i 60 mlrd. kjuri v 1,1 mlrd. litrah rastvora k 2000 godu. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L; Milne, A A; Wright, K H.R. [Lubrication, Wear and Mechanical Engineering Aspects of Corrosion Division, National Engineering Laboratory, Thorntonhall, Glasgow (United Kingdom)
1962-01-15
chastitsy okisi zheleza ispol'zuyutsya dlya izucheniya ikh roli v protsesse iznosa. Reaktivnost' poverkh- nosti zakalennykh metallov izuchalas' s pomoshch'yu mechennoj uglerodom-14 stearinovoj kisloty i rastvora sery-35. Skorost' reaktsii v primesi masla dlya shesteren analizirovalas' putem propuskaniya korotkikh impul'sov ehlektrotoka po metallicheskim provodam, opushchennym v rastvory soedinenij, mechennykh seroj-35 i fosforom-32. Sozdanie stojkikh k istiraniyu plenok na poverkhnosti zub'ev shesterenok izuchalos' kak funktsiya nagruzki, skorosti i vremeni raboty. Vopros, vstrechayushchijsya vo mnogikh iz vidov ehtogo primeneniya, sostoit v prevrashchenii izmeryaemoj aktivnosti v absolyutnye kolichestva materialov, prisutstvuyushchikh na poverkhnosti plenok ili v produktakh iznosa. Dlya ehtoj zhe tseli ispol'zovalis' metody kalibrovaniya. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brezhneva, N. E.; Golovanov, Ju. N.; Oziraner, S. N.; Eremin, A. A.; Rozanova, V. N.
1963-02-15
osadkov gidrookisi zheleza, poluchennyh osazhdeniem iz radioaktivnyh ishodnyh rastvorov. Shema otverzhdenija razrabotana, ishodja iz uslovija umen'shenija do minimuma sbrosnyh sduvochnyh gazov, podlezhashhih ochistke, ot ajerozolej i letuchih radioaktivnyh komponent. V processe raboty ustanovleny optimal'nye uslovija poluchenija himicheski stojkogo stekla, a takzhe pokazana vozmozhnost' snizhenija temperatury plavki stekla var'irovaniem dobavok fljusov. Ustanovleno zametnoe snizhenie himicheskoj stojkosti stekla, podvergshegosja dlitel'nomu hraneniju pri temperature vyshe 300 - 350 Degree-Sign C. Izuchena vymyvaemost' radiocezija iz stekol. Issledovana letuchest' radiocezija i radiorutenija v processe sushki i plavki i pokazano, chto v atmosfere uglekislogo gaza letuchest' rutenija polnost'ju podavljaetsja. Letuchest' radiocezija v zametnyh kolichestvah stanovitsja zametnoj pri temperature vyshe 700 Degree-Sign C i rastet s povysheniem ee. Pokazano, chto radiocezij kondensiruetsja na otvodjashhih trubkah pri temperature nizhe 400 Degree-Sign C i legko smyvaetsja slabym rastvorom azotnoj kisloty i vody. Provedennyj raschet teplovydelenija radioaktivnyh stekol pokazal, chto radius sharovoj otlivki stekla iz vysokoaktivnogo materiala (10 kjuri/g) ne dolzhen prevyshat' 25 sm. Daetsja shema i apparaturnoe oformlenie processa sushki i osteklovyvanija radioaktivnyh pul'p, osnovannogo na ispol'zovanii gaza teplonositelja v sisteme. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sodee, D. B. [Doctors Hospital and Renner Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH (United States)
1964-10-15
casos. El carcinoma mas pequeno que no pudo visualizarse estaba ocultado por el higado hipertrofiado. La exploracion pancreatica permite tambien confirmar la pancreatitis aguda y cronica, ya que las celulas lesionadas no concentran la selenometionina-{sup 75}Se. El autor trata ademas de la concentracion selectiva de la selenometionina{sup 75}Se en el tejido paratiroideo. Con la misma tecnica de expioracion se han visualizado adenomas paratiroideos en un pequeno grupo de enfermos de hiperparatiroidismo. La fotoexploracion del pancreas es ya una tecnica de uso corriente; actualmente se estudia la posibilidad de una fotoexploracion de la paratiroides. Debido a la mayor importancia medica atribuida a organos que antes no podian visualizarse con las tecnicas radiograficas tradicionales, la exploracion selectiva de organos por medio de compuestos marcados, elegidos segun sus propiedades bioquimicas, va adquiriendo cada vez mayor importancia. (author) [Russian] Nedavno bylo pokazano, chto fotoskennirovanie podzheludochnoj zhelezy s pomoshh'ju selenometionina, mechennogo {sup 75}Se , javljaetsja prakticheskim metodom. U 90%iz 100 bol'nyh, u kotoryh bylo polucheno 250 podobnyh fotoskennogramm, mozhno bylo otchetlivo videt' podzheludochnuju zhelezu. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto fiziologicheskaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy javljaetsja glavnym faktorom koncentracii selenometionina -Se15 v podzheludochnoj zheleze. Za chas do vnutrivennogo vvedenija v organizm 3-4 mkk/kg selenometionina-Ze75 s pomoshh'ju 30 grammov belkovoj pishhi byla nachata fiziologicheskaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy. Cherez 15 minut byla dostignuta nepreryvnaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy putem vvedenija cherez rot 900 mkg gidrohlorida glutaminovoj kisloty. Do skennirovanija podzheludochnoj zhelezy nad oblast'ju pecheni, predvaritel'no opredelennoj pri skennirovanii s pomoshh'ju zolota-198, byl pomeshhen izognutyj zashhitnyj jekran iz svinca razmerom 0,9 sm, Jetot jekran blokiruet
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kaufman, W J; Nir, A; Parks, G; Hours, R M [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
1962-01-15
obnaruzheno, chto vnutrennij istochnik kobal'ta-57 dostatochno khorosho kontroliruet ehffektivnost' scheta tritiya v predelakh ot 2 do 7% so standartnym otkloneniem v 0,1%. Po sravneniyu s predydushchimi metodami ehtot sposob imeet to preimushchestvo, chto pozvolyaet bystro opredelit' ehffektivnost' bez izmeneniya obraztsa. Dlya otsenki znacheniya lyuministsentnogo vzaimodejstviya i kosmicheskoj radiatsii bylo issledovano umen'shenie fona. Pri ehtom byl ispol'zovan s plastikovoj obolochkoj ehkran antisovpadeniya. Bylo takzhe izucheno dolgosrochnoe vliyanie iznosa obraztsa i drejfa schetnogo oborudovaniya na stabil'nost' sistemy. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dammers, J.; Kampelmacher, E. H.; Edel, W.; Van Schothorst, M. [Research Institute for Animal Nutrition, Hoorn (Netherlands); National Institute of Public Health, Utrect (Netherlands)
1966-11-15
The causal role of Salmonella - contaminated foods of animal origin in human Salmonellosis has been demonstrated during recent years on a world-wide scale. Further research has revealed that Salmonella-contaminated feeds are the first link of the chain leading eventually to contaminated foods. Radiation treatment (Salmonella radicidation) has been shown to be a promising mode of decontamination of feeds and feed ingredients. Investigations have now been made as to whether mixed feeds so treated lose any of their nutritional value with regard to pig raising. In the authors experiment three groups of eight pigs each were raised on meal that had been irradiated with 1 Mrad of {sup 60}Co {gamma}-rays, on heat-decontaminated, and on untreated meal, respectively. The experiments were carried out in two different institutes, to take into account geographical factors, on a total number of 48 pigs. Heat decontamination was carried out at 80-85 Degree-Sign C for 30 min. Enterobacteriaceae in the untreated meal averaged 1.0 x 10{sup 5}/g. After both decontamination treatments 30 samples, 50 g each, were taken at random from the decontaminated consignments and examined for Enterobacteriaceae by enrichment. Five of the heat-treated-meal samples and two of the irradiated-meal samples were found to be not entirely free from these bacteria, but could be considered to be adequately decontaminated as far as Salmonella was. concerned. In one institute the pigs were fattened for about 100 d, reaching a weight of approximately 100 kg. The average growth per animal per day was 767 g for the group fed untreated meal, 770 g for the group receiving heat-treated meal, and 800 g for the irradiated-meal group. The feed intake (kg/kg growth) for the above-mentioned groups amounted to 2.85, 2.81 and 2.74 respectively. In the other institute the pigs were fattened during approximately 155 d, reaching a weight of almost 116 kg. The average growth (grams per animal per day) was 627, 643 and 625 for the groups fed untreated, heat-treated and irradiated meal, respectively. The feed figures, (kg intake/kg growth) were 3.30, 3.23 and 3.24, respectively, for these groups. From these results the conclusion can be drawn that neither irradiation nor heat decontamination had any adverse effect on the nutritional value of meals in these tests. In all instances the required vitamins were added to the meals subsequent to decontamination treatment. As a further study of the effect of the bacteriological condition of an animal feed mixture on Salmonella, samples of excretion faeces from each animal were examined twice a week for the presence of Salmonella. In the untreated-meal group Salmonellae were isolated in 13 cases. Faeces of pigs fed irradiated or heat-treated meal were free from Salmonellae throughout the whole test period. This demonstrates the efficiency of the decontamination treatments used and, at the same time, the efficacy of such processing methods in the prevention of the occurrence of'healthy Salmonella carriers amongst pigs. (author) [French] Au cours des dernieres annees, on a fait dans le monde entier la demonstration du role determinant, dans la salmonellose de l'homme, des produits alimentaires d'orgine animale contamines par Salmonella. De nouvelles recherches ont montre que les nourritures destinees aux animaux et contaminees par Salmonella sont le premier maillon de la chaine qui peut mener a la contamination des denrees alimentaires. On a constate que l'irradiation (radicidation de Salmonella) constituait un moyen prometteur de decontamination des nourritures destinees a la consommation animale et de leurs ingredients. Les auteurs ont cherche a determiner si les melanges alimentaires ainsi traites ne perdent rien de leur valeur nutritive pour l'elevage du porc. L'experience a consiste a elever trois groupes de huit porcs, l'un recevant des aliments irradies a 1 Mrad de rayons {gamma} de {sup 60}Co, l'autre des aliments decontamines par la chaleur et le troisieme des aliments non traites. L'experience etait menee parallelement dans deux instituts differents, afin de tenir compte des facteurs geographiques, et portait donc sur un nombre total de 48 betes. Le traitement thermique a ete pratique a une temperature de 80 a 85 Degree-Sign C pendant 30 min. Les enterobacteriacees contenues dans les nourritures non traitees ont ete comptees; on en a trouvee 1,0 x 10{sup 5}/g. Apres les deux traitements de decontamination, on a preleve au hasard 30 echantillons de 50 g des produits traites et on a recherche les enterobacteriacees apres enrichissement. On a constate que cinq des echantillons traites par la chaleur et deux des echantillons irradies n'etaient pas entierement exempts de ces bacteries; toutefois, ces echantillons peuvent etre consideres comme suffisamment decontamines en ce qui concerne Salmonella. Dans l'un des instituts, les porcs ont ete engraisses pendant a peu pres 100 jours et ont atteint un poids d'environ 100 kg. La croissance moyenne par animal et par jour etait de 767 g pour le groupe alimente avec des nourritures non traitees, de 770 g pour le groupe engraisse avec des nourritures traitees par la chaleur, et de 800 g pour le groupe eleve avec des nourritures irradiees. La quantite de nourriture absorbee par kilogramme de croissance pour ces memes groupes etait de 2,85, 2,81 et 2,74 respectivement. Dans l'autre institut, les porcs ont ete engraisses pendant 155 jours environ et ont atteint un poids de pres de 116 kg. La croissance moyenne par animal et par jour etait de 627 g pour le groupe alimente avec de la nourriture non traitee, de 643 g pour le groupe alimente avec de la nourriture traitee par la chaleur, et de 625 g pour le groupe engraisse avec des aliments irradies. La quantite de nourriture absorbee par kilogramme d'accroissement ont ete pour ces differents groupes de 3,30, 3,23 et 3,24 kg respectivement. On peut conclure d'apres ces resultats que ni l'irradiation ni le traitement thermique n'ont eu d'effets defavorables sur la valeur nutritive des aliments. Dans tous les cas, on a ajoute les vitamines necessaires aux aliments, apres le traitement. A titre d'etude complementaire des effets de la qualite bacteriologique d'une nourriture pour animaux sur 1'excretion de Salmonella, les auteurs ont examine des echantillons de matieres fecales de chaque animal deux fois par semaine pour voir si cette bacterie etait presente. Dans le groupe nourri avec, des aliments non traites, ils ont isole Salmonellae dans 13 cas. Dans le groupe des porcs nourris avec des aliments irradies ou traites par la chaleur, les matieres ont ete exemptes de Salmonellae pendant toute la duree de l'experience. Ce fait prouve en meme temps l'efficacite antibacterienne des traitements et leur utilite pour empecher l'apparition de porteurs sains parmi les porcs. (author) [Spanish] En los ultimos anos se ha demostrado que la salmonelosis humana se debe a los productos alimenticios de procedencia animal contaminados con Salmonella. Nuevas investigaciones han revelado que la contaminacion de los alimentos del hombre comienza cuando los animales se nutren con alimentos infestados con Salmonella. Se ha demostrado que.la irradiacion (radicidacion de la Salmonella) constituye un metodo prometedor para la descontaminacion de los alimentos destinados a los animales, y sus ingredientes. Los autores han investigado si los alimentos mixtos empleados en la cria del cerdo pierden valor nutritivo al tratarlos por este procedimiento. Los experimentos consistieron en criar tres grupos de ocho cerdos cada uno, el primero con harina irradiada con 1 Mrad de rayos {gamma} del {sup 60}Co, el segundo con harina descontaminada por tratamiento termico y el tercero con harina no descontaminada. Se efectuaron en dos institutos para compensar los factores geograficos, con un total de 48 cerdos. La descontaminacion termica se efectuo a 80-85 Degree-Sign C durante 30 min. El recuento de enterobacterias en la harina sin tratar dio 1,0 x 10{sup 5}/g. Despues de ambos tratamientos de descontaminacion, se tomaron al azar 30 muestras de 50 gramos cada una, en las que se determino por cultivo la presencia de enterobacterias. Cinco de las muestras tratadas termicamente y dos de las irradiadas no estaban enteramente libres de Salmonella, pero se podian considerar suficientemente descontaminadas por lo que respecta a esta bacteria. En uno de los institutos los cetdos se cebaron durante 100 dias, llegando a alcanzar un peso de 100 kg aproximadamente. El crecimiento medio de los animales en gramos por dia fue de 767, para el grupo alimentado con harina no tratada, de 770, para el que recibio harina tratada termicamente, y de 800, para los alimentados con harina irradiada. El alimento ingerido por unidad de crecimiento, expresado en kgAg, fue, por el mismo orden, 2,85, 2,81 y 2,74. En el otro instituto los cerdos fueron cebados durante unos 155 dias y alcanzaron casi un peso de 116 kg. El crecimiento medio de los animales en gramos por dia fue de 627 para el grupo alimentado con harina no tratada, de 643 para el que la recibio tratada termicamente y de 625 para los alimentados con harina irradiada. Las cifras de alimentacion, en kilogramos ingeridos por kilogramo de aumento de peso fueron, por el mismo orden, 3,30, 3,23 y 3,24. De estos resultados se desprende que1 el valor nutritivo de las harinas no habia sido reducido ni por la irradiacion ni por la descontaminacion termica. En todos los casos, despues de la descontaminacion se anadieron a los alimentos las vitaminas necesarias. En otro estudio de los efectos del estado bacteriologico de un alimento destinado a los animales sobre la excrecion de Salmonella se examinaron dos veces por semana muestras de heces de cada animal para detectar la presencia de dichas bacterias. En el grupo alimentado con harina no tratada se detecto Salmonellae en 13 casos. Las heces de los cerdos alimentados con harina irradiada o tratada termicamente permanecieron exentas de Salmonellae durante todo el tiempo que duro el ensayo. Esto demuestra al mismo tiempo la eficacia del tratamiento de descontaminacion y su utilidad para evitar que entre cerdos sanos haya portadores de Salmonella. (author) [Russian] Za poslednie gody bylo dokazano v mezhdunarodnom masshtabe, chto pishhevye produkty zhivotnogo proishozhdenija, zarazhennye salmonelloj, vyzyvajut u cheloveka salmonelloz. Dal'nejshie issledovanija pokazali, chto zarazhennye salmonelloj korma javljajutsja pervym zvenom toj cepi, kotoraja v konechnom schete privodit k zarazheniju pishhevyh produktov. Radiacionnaja obrabotka (''radicidacija salmonelly'') okazalas' perspektivnym sposobom obezzarazhivanija kormov i ih komponentov. V nastojashhee vremja provedeny issledovanija s cel'ju vyjasnit','ne poterjali li smeshannye korma, podvergnutye takoj obrabotke, v kakoj-libo stepeni svoju pitatel'nuju cennost' pri otkorme svinej. Tri gruppy svinej, po vosem' golov v kazhdoj, otkarmlivali sootvetstvenno obluchennym dozoj I Mrad (kobal't-60) kormom, kormom podvergnutym teplovoj obrabotke,i kormom bez obrabotki. Jeksperimenty provodili v dvuh razlichnyh institutah, chtoby uchest' geograficheskie faktory, pri jetom v obshhej slozhnosti opytam podverglis' 48 svinej. Teplovaja obrabotka provodilas pri temperature 80-85 Degree-Sign C v techenie. 30 minut. Kolichestvo podschitannyh jenterobakterij v neobrabotannyh ormah sostavljalo 1,0-105/g. Posle obezzarazhivanija oboimi sposobami bylo proizvedeno vyborochnoe vzjatie 30 prob vesom v 50 g iz obezzarazhennyh partij kormov i issledovany na jenterobakterii putem obogashhenija. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto 5 prob kormov, podvergnutyh teplovoj obrabotke, i.2 proby obluchennyh kormov ne byli polnost'ju svobodny ot jetih bakterij; odnako mozhno schitat', chto oni podverglis' dostatochnomu obezzarazhivaniju v otnoshenii salmonelly. V odnom institute svin'i otkarmlivalis' v techenie'priblizitel'no 100 dnej, i ih ves sostavil okolo 100 kg. Srednij prives odnoj svin'i v den' sostavljal: 767 g - dlja gruppy, poluchavshej neobrabotannye korma', 770 g - dlja gruppy, kotoraja poluchala korma, podvergnutye teplovoj obrabotke, i 800 g - dlja gruppy, poluchavshej obluchennye korma. Na 1 kg privesa sootvetstvenno poshlo 2,85, 2,81 i 2,74 kg korma. V drugom institute svin'i otkarmlivalis' v techenie priblizitel'no 155 dnej, i ih ves dostig pochti 116 kg. Srednij prives odnoj svin'i v sutki sostavljal dlja grupp, poluchavshih neobrabotannye, podvergshiesja teplovoj obrabotke i obluchennye korma, sootvetstvenno 627, 643 i 625 g. Na 1 kg privesa poshlo sootvetstvenno 3,30, 3,23 i 3,24 kg korma. Na osnove jetih rezul'tatov mozhno sdelat' vyvod o tom, chto ni obluchenie, ni teplovaja obrabotka ne okazyvali nikakogo otricatel'nogo vozdejstvija na pitatel'nuju cennost' kormov vo vremja provedenija jetih ispytanij. Vo vseh sluchajah posle obezzarazhivanija v korm dobavljali neobhodimye vitaminy. V porjadke dal'nejshego izuchenija vlijanija bakteriologicheskogo svojstva kormov na pomet, soderzhashhij salmonellu, dvazhdy v nedelju u kazhdoj svin'i brali probu pometa i issledovali na salmonellu. V otnoshenii gruppy svinej, poluchavshih neobrabotannye korma, salmonella byla vydelena v 13 sluchajah. V pomete svinej, poluchavshih obluchennye ili podvergshiesja teplovoj obrabotke korma, ne bylo obnaruzheno salmonelly na vsem protjazhenii jeksperimentov. Vmeste s tem jeto svidetel'stvuet o dejstvennosti ispol'zuemyh metodov obezzarazhivanija, a takzhe ob jeffektivnosti takih metodov obrabotki v dele predotvrashhenija rasprostranenija sredi svinej zdorovyh nositelej salmonelly. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Arnaud, Y.; Bocquet, C. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)
1964-05-15
The EL-3 reactor is equipped with auranium converter by means of which fast neutrons can be obtained. A bank of fission chambers measures the flux and spectral distribution of the fast neutrons. These miniature detectors are placed at various points in the target zone and make possible the experimental evaluation of the absorbed tissue-dose. This apparatus and dosimetric technique can be used to compare the effect of fast neutrons and other types of ionizing radiation (e.g. X-rays) on unicellular organisms. The authors study the percentage of survivals and the frequency of a mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The survival curve for Escherichia coli is also determined for X-rays and neutrons. It is found that the RBE's of these various types of radiation depend not only on the species and the biological criterion adopted, but also on the irradiation dose-level at which the comparison is made. These experiments show the RBE to be also a function of dose. The effects of fast neutrons and X-rays are often brought about by differing radiobiological processes. It is arbitrary to establish linear relationships between the doses for these various types of radiation. (author) [French] Nous disposons aupres du reacteur EL3 d'un convertisseur a uranium permettant d'obtenir des neutrons rapides. Une batterie de chambres a fission mesure le flux et la repartition spectrale des neutrons rapides. Ces detecteurs miniatures sont places en divers points du volume a irradier et permettent d'evaluer experimentalement la dose absorbee dans les tissus. Ce dispositif et cette dosimetrie nous servent a comparer l'action des neutrons rapides et d'autres radiations ionisantes (X, {gamma}) sur des organismes monocellulaires. Nous etudions ici le pourcentage de survie et la frequence d'une mutation morphologique chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La courbe de survie d'Escherichia coli est aussi etablie pour les rayons X et les neutrons. On observe que les effets biologiques relatifs de ces diverses radiations dependent de l'organisme vivant etudie, du critere biologique choisi, mais aussi de la dose d'irradiation avec laquelle on fait la comparaison. L'efficacite biologique relative apparait dans ces experiences comme etant egalement une fonction de la dose. L'action des neutrons rapides et des rayons X releve souvent de processus radiobiologique differents. Il est arbitraire de relier entre elles les doses de ces diverses radiations par des relations lineaires. (author) [Spanish] Junto al reactor EL3 se encuentra un convertidor de uranio que permite obtener neutrones rapidos. Con una bateria de camaras de fision se mide el flujo y la distribucion espectral de los neutrones rapidos. Estos micro- detectores estan colocados en diversos puntos del volumen que se ha de irradiar y permiten evaluar experimentalmente la dosis absorbida en los tejidos. Gracias a este dispositivo y a este sistema de dosimetria, los autores han podido comparar la accion de los neutrones rapidos con las de otras radiaciones ionizantes (rayos X, rayos y) sobre organismos unicelulares. En este trabajo, estudian el porcentaje de supervivencia y la frecuencia de una mutacion morfologica en el Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tambien han trazado la curva de supervivencia del Escherichia coli, expuesto a rayos X y a neutrones. La observacion de los resultados indica que los efectos biologicos relativos de estas diversas radiaciones dependen del organismo vivo estudiado, del criterio biologico elegido y, ademas, de la dosis de irradiacion con que se realiza la comparacion. Tambien se deduce de estos experimentos que la eficacia biologica relativa es funcion de la dosis. A menudo, la accion de los neutrones rapidos y de los rayos X depende de diferentes procesos radiobiologicos. Seria arbitrario establecer relaciones lineales entre las dosis de dichas radiaciones. (author) [Russian] Na reaktore EL-3 imeetsja uranovyj preobrazovatel, pozvoljajushhij poluchat' bystrye nejtrony. Batareja kamer delenija proizvodit izmerenie potoka i spektral'nogo raspredelenija bystryh nejtronov. Jeti miniatjurnye detektory razmeshhajutsja v razlichnyh tochkah obluchaemogo obrazca i pozvoljajut jeksperimental'no ocenivat' pogloshhaemuju tkanjami dozu. Takaja ustanovka i dozimetrija dali vozmozhnost' sravnit' vlijanie bystryh nejtronov i drugih vidov ionizirujushhego izluchenija (rentgenovy luchi) na odnokletochnye organizmy. Izuchalsja procent vyzhivaemosti i chastota morfologicheskih mutacij u Saccharo- myces cerevisiae. Ustanovlena takzhe krivaja vyzhivaemosti Escherichia coli v otnoshenii rentgenovyh luchej i nejtronov. Otmechaetsja, chto OBJe jetih razlichnyh vidov izluchenija zavisit ot issleduemogo zhivogo organizma, ot izbrannogo biologicheskogo kriterija, a takzhe ot dozy obluchenija, pri kotoroj proizvoditsja sravnenie. V jetih uslovijah OBJe javljaetsja funkciej dozy. Dejstvie bystryh nejtronov i rentgenovyh luchej chasto zavisit ot razlichnyh radiobiologicheskih processov. Bylo by proizvol'no svjazyvat' mezhdu soboj dozy jetih razlichnyh izluchenij linejnymi otnoshenijami. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cronkite, E. P.; Fliedner, T. M.; Killmann, S. A.; Rubini, J. R. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)
1962-02-15
organicos de proliferacion normal en un estado de regimen estacionario es superior a la velocidad de crecimiento en muchos tumores expansivos. (author) [Russian] Tritij, blagodarja ispuskaniju beta-chastic nizkoj jenergii, obespechivaet vysokuju razreshajushhuju sposobnost' (ARG) pri radioavtografii. Mechennyj tritiem timidin H{sup 3}TDR himicheski ustojchiv i mo- zhet sluzhit' dlja markirovki dezoksiribonukleinovoj kisloty (DNK), ne vstupaja v obmen. DNK razbavljaetsja tol'ko dobavleniem novogo kolichestva DNK vo vremja hromosomnogo povtorenija. Takim obrazom intensivnost' markirovki umen'shaetsja po mere posledovatel'nogo delenija kletok. Povedenie mechenyh populjacij, po-vidimomu, sootvetstvuet obrazcu hromosomnogo povtorenija po Tejloru-Vudsu-Juzu (TVJu). Pri vkljuchenii radioaktivnyh zlementov v DNK mozhno intuitivno ozhidat' pojavlenie radiacionnoj toksichnosti. Toksichnost' issledovalas' v svjazi so svojstvami tritija i vlijaniem hromosom- nogo povtorenija (po obrazcu TVJu), a takzhe izuchalas' jempiricheski na grudnyh zhelezah i limfocitah. Posle vvedenija dozy, neobhodimoj dlja obychnyh radio- avtograficheskih issledovanij, v processe razmnozhenija kletok ne nabljudalos' ni radiacionnogo porazhenija, ni kakih-libo drugih narushenij. Do nastojashhego vremeni na cheloveke i zhivotnyh byli izucheny javlenija normal'nogo krovotvore- nija, ostroj i hronicheskoj lejkomii, mnogostoronnej mielomy i nekotoryh tverdyh opuholej. Byli sobrany mnogochislennye dannye otnositel'no doli mechenyh kletok i skorosti umen'shenija intensivnosti ih markirovki. Jeti dan- nye privodjatsja v doklade. Tolkovanie jetih dannyh zatrudnjaetsja ogranichennoj vozmozhnost'ju citologicheskogo opoznovanija, ustanovlenija morfologicheskih granic mezhdu posledovatel'nymi stadijami razmnozhenija kletok, nachinaja ot ishodnoj kletki i vplot' do nepoddajushhegosja dal'nejshemu deleniju potomstva, a takzhe nashim neumeniem vyjasnit' vopros o tom, sohranjaet li kletka, ne naho- djashhajasja v mitoze ili v
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Biagini, C.; Paleani Vettori, P. G.; Zito Bignami, R. [Istituto di Radiologia dell' Universita and Comitato Nazionale per l' Energia Nucleare, Rome (Italy)
1962-02-15
dostigaetsja putem sravnenija vozdejstvija na mlekopitajushhih rntege- novskih luchej s pikovoj moshhnost'ju v 150 kvr i obluchenija ih jelektronami iz betatrona moshhnost'ju v 15 mev. V nastojashhem doklade privodjatsja rezul'taty avtoradiograficheskogo issledo- vanija povedenija odnorodnyh kletok myshinogo timusa s ispol'zovaniem tritiro- vannogo timidina v kachestve predshestvennika deoksiribonukleinovoj kisloty. Rezul'taty stavjatsja v zavisimost' ot izmenenij v raspredelenii razmernyh kategorij kletochnyh populjacij i ot vesa organa. V rezul'tate obluchenija sootnoshenie mezhdu krupnymi i melkimi kletkami uvelichivaetsja; pogloshhenie tritirovannogo timidina umen'shaetsja v krupnyh i v malyh limfocitah. V ostroj faze vozdejstvija ne nabljudaetsja znachitel'nyh rashozhdenij mezhdu rezul'tatami obluchenija rentgenovskimi luchami i jelektro- nami v smysle razmerov kletok i markirovki krupnyh kletok. Otnositel'noe izmenenie projavljaetsja v mechenii malyh kletochek; v sootvetstvii s dannymi o vese organa zto obstojatel'stvo mozhet nahodit'sja v zavisimosti ot znachenij otnositel'noj bilogicheskoj jeffektivnosti bystryh nejtronov. V processe vosstnovlenija menee differencirovannye kletki projavljajut aktivnoe razmnozhenie, no procentnaja dolja zrelyh limfocitov ostaetsja ne- znachitel'noj. V rezul'tate obluchenija jelektronami moshhnost'ju v 15 mjev razmno- zhenie krupnyh kletok proishodit bolee intensivno v zavisimosti ot krivyh vremeni atrofii timusov. Na osnovanii vyshepri edennyh rezul'tatov vosstano- vitel'naja sposobnost', po-vidimomu, svjazana so stepen'ju porazhenija prostejshih kletok; dlja dannoj dozy zta sposobnost' sohranjaetsja duchshe pri obluchenii rentgenovskimi luchami, chem pri obluchenii jelektronami. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blokhin, G. E.; Blokhintsev, D. I.; Blyumkina, Yu. A.; Bondarenko, I. I.; Deryagin, B. N.; Zajmovskij, A. S.; Zinov' ev, V. P.; Kazachkovskij, O. D.; Krasnoyarov, N. V.; Lejpunskij, A. I.; Malykh, V. A.; Nazarov, P. M.; Nikolaev, S. K.; Stavisskij, Yu. Ya.; Ukraintsev, F. I.; Frank, I. M.; Shapiro, F. Ji.; Yazvitskij, Yu. S. [Akademiya Nauk, Moscow, SSSR (Russian Federation)
1962-03-15
los impulsos de potencia. Asimismo, se efectuaron mediciones del periodo de los neutrones instantaneos, de la fraccion efectiva de neutrones retardados y de los coeficientes de variacion de la reactividad en funcion de la temperatura. (author) [Russian] Impul'snyj reaktor na bystrykh nejtronakh (IBR) rabotaet na nominal'noj moshchnosti v Obedinennom institute yadernykh issledovanij s dekabrya 1960 goda. Reaktor ispol'zuetsya v kachestve impul'snogo istochnika nejtronov dlya fizicheskikh ehksperimentov, provodimykh metodom vremeni proleta. Provodyatsya izmereniya polnogo secheniya, secheniya zakhvata dlya promezhutochnykh nejtronov, issledo- vaniya vzaimodejstviya medlennykh nejtronov s tverdym telom i s zhidkost'yu, izmereniya spektrov nejtronov, ustanavlivayushchikhs ya v. razlichnykh sredakh. V doklade opisany osnovy konstruktsii reaktora i rezul'taty ego issledovanij. Osnovnoj rezhim raboty reaktora-rezhim periodicheskikh impul'sov. Impul'sy moshchnosti voznikayut pri bystrom peremeshchenii podvizhnoj chasti aktivnoj zony reaktora cherez ego nepodvizhnuyu zonu. Podvizhnaya chast' aktivnoj zony zakreplena vo vrashchayushchemsya diske i dvizhetsya so skorost'yu-230 m/sek. Chastota impul'sov moshchnosti mozhet izmenyat'sya s pomoshch'yu vspomogatel'noj podvizhnoj zony v diapazone 2,3-88 im/sek. Srednyaya moshchnost' reaktora - 1 kvt. Polushirina impul'sa moshchnosti - 36 mksek. Reaktor snabzhen sistemoj upravleniya i zashchity, obespechivayushchej avtomaticheskoe podderzhanie srednej moshchnosti reaktora i ego bystruyu ostanovku v sluchae narusheniya rezhima. Reaktor snabzhen sistemoj vakuumirovanny kh nektronovodov, ispol'zuemykh v ehksperimentakh po vremeni proleta. Glavnyj nejtronovod imeet dlinu 1000 m. V protsesse puska i fizicheskikh issledovanij reaktora izuchalos' vliyanie peremeshcheniya organov regulirovaniya i podvizhnykh chastej aktivnoj zony na reaktivnost', izmeryalas' dlitel'nost' impul'sa pri razlichnykh rezhimakh raboty reaktora, izuchalis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Barkalov, I. M.; Gol' danskij, V. I.; Go, Min' -Gao
1963-11-15
termo- i fotookislitel'noj destruktsii polimerov. Udobnym sposobom polucheniya podobnykh polimerov yavlyaetsya radiatsionnaya polimerizatsiya atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh. Tol'ko ehtot sposob obespechivaet poluchenie polimerov, svobodnykh ot zagryazneniya initsiatorami pri nizkikh temperaturakh. Kinetika radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena i drugikh atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh imeet ryad osobennostej, kharakternykh dlya ionnoj polimerizatsii, no sovershenno neobychnykh dlya radikal'noj (skorost' polimerizatsii proportsional'na pervoj stepeni skorosti initsiirovaniya; ehnergiya aktivatsii ochen' mala; ket ingibirovaniya kislorodom). Tem ne menee ehta polimerizatsiya yavlyaetsya, vidimo, radikal'noj. K takomu vyvodu my prishli na osnove issledovaniya initsiirovaniya polimerizatsii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov tipichno radikal'nymi initsiatorami - perekis'yu benzoila i dinitrilom azoizomaslyanoj kisloty. V ehtoj svyazi izuchalis' osobennosti kinetiki i mekhanizma raspada perekisi v prisutstvii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov (naprimer, fenilatsetilena, dejtero-fenilatsetilena i metilfenilatsetilena). Izuchalis' takzhe kinetika radiatsionnoj sopolimerizatsii fenilatsetilena s razlichnymi vinilovymi monomerami i sostav sopolimerov pri razlichnykh iskhodnykh smesyakh. EHti dannye, a takzhe rezul'taty izucheniya kinetiki ingibirovannoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena (ingibitor - benzokhinon) ukazyvayut na maluyu reaktsionnuyu spooobnost' fenilatsetilenovogo radikala. Sil'nye otkloneniya ot pravila additivnosti pri radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii v razlichnykh rastvoritelyakh svidetel'stvuyut o nalichii sil'nogo perenosa ehnergii k atsetilenovym uglevodorodam i ikh polimeram. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Avrahami, Menashe; Steiger, Naftali H [Department of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)
1962-03-15
adsorcion de las especies ionizadas, fue posible seguir las reacciones superficiales por las que los aniones organicos adsorbidos inicialmente pasan al estado no ionico. Los autores pudieron deducir la formacion de un jabon acido no ionizado en la superficie y llegar a conclusiones sobre la formacion de micelas en la masa de la solucion, en diversas condiciones experimentales. (author) [Russian] S pomoshch'yu goryachikh atomov mozhno neposredstvenno issledovat' yavleniya adsorbtsii ionov na poverkhnosti rastvorov aktivnykh veshchestv s ionizirovannoj poverkhnost'yu. K takim rastvoram dobavlyayutsya chrezvychajno malye kolichestva sootvetstvuyushchikh radioaktivnykh ionov ili ionov, mogushchikh podvergnut'sya na meste navedennym yadernym pre- obrazovaniyam: ehti iony zamenyayut obychnye sluzhashchie dlya otscheta iony, adsorbirovannye vmeste s pervichnymi organicheskimi ionami. Goryachie atomy s ehnergiej priblizitel'no ot 100 kehv i vplot' do neskol'kikh ehlektronvol't dayut v vode sloi tolshchinoj priblizitel'no ot 1000 angstremov i vplot' do odnomolekulyarnykh. EHto delaet ikh prigodnymi dlya izucheniya chuvstvitel'nogo poverkhnostnogo sloya. Goryachie atomy, vytalkivaemye s poverkhnosti, sobirayutsya i podvergayutsya otschetu. Sredi otdach, ispytyvayushchikh al'fa-raspad, okazalas' podkhodyashchej sistema Bi-212/Tl-208. Putem dal'nejshej razrabotki ehtogo metoda mogli byt' polucheny tsennye svedeniya otnositel'no uslovij adsorbtsii na poverkhnostnykh sloyakh sernokislogo natriya dodetsilovoj kisloty. Kinetika adsorbtsii byla izuchena nablyudeniem vo vremeni za aktivnost'yu sobrannoj otdachi, vyzvannoj adsorbtsiej ionov vismuta. Byli zamereny izotermy adsorbtsii ionov vismuta v funktsii ot massovoj kontsentratsii poverkhnostnogo aktivnogo veshchestva v razlichnykh usloviyakh ionnoj intensivnosti, a takzhe rN i aktivnost' Bi-212. Putem sopostavleniya ehtikh izoterm s izotermami, poluchennymi izmereniem poverkhnostnogo napryazheniya rastvorov i putem podscheta
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Manov, George G [Tracerlab Inc. (United States)
1960-06-15
materiales, preferentemente de origen anterior a la segunda guerra mundial. Para el recuento de las radiaciones procedentes de muestras de baja actividad es condicion primordial la estabilidad del sistema electronico utilizado, especialmente a fin de evitar el recuento de impulsos parasitos. Se describe un procedimiento que consiste en alimentar el sistema electronico con impulsos generados a un ritmo determinado, que pasan por el amplificador y se des- cuentan del numero bruto de impulsos registrado. En general, los circuitos equipados con transistores, inclusive en los preamplificadore s y en las fuentes de tension, son mas satisfactorios que los dispositivos clasicos basados en el empleo de valvulas electronicas. (author) [Russian] Izmerenie radioaktivnost i na urovne v oblasti, soderzhashchej ot 0-10 raspadov v minutu, stanovitsya vse bolee poleznym pri standartizatsii radioaktivnykh izotopov, a takzhe v takikh drugikh otraslyakh nauki, kak geologiya i meditsina naprimer. CHasto poyavlyaetsya neobkhodimost' v podschete izluchenij maloj moshchnosti v oblasti biologii i pri issledovanii metodom mechenykh atomov, v chastnosti, v tekh sluchayakh, kogda ispol'zovanie radiatsii bol'shoj moshchnosti mozhet izmenyat' khod raboty apparata ili okazyvat' vliyanie na izuchaemyj protsess. CHasto takogo roda izmereniya dolzhny provodit'sya v usloviyakh, kogda obraztsy obladayut aktivnost'yu, prevyshayushchej obychnyj neehkranirovanny j fon radiatsii lish' na 1%. V drugikh sluchayakh poyavlyayutsya dopolnitel'ny e trebovaniya vsledstvie togo, chto radioaktivnye izotopy mogut imet' ochen' korotkij period poluraspada. Imeyutsya tri osnovnykh puti uvelicheniya nadezhnosti izmerenij radiatsii maloj moshchnosti: bolee sovershennye schetchiki, men'shie popravki na fon i bolee nadezhnye svobodnye ot pomekh ehlektronnye sistemy. V dannom dokumente opisyvayutsya sravnitel'ny e ehksperimenty svyazannye s izucheniem otnositel'ny kh kachestv trekh razlichnykh tipov zashchishchennykh schetchikov
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Loewenstein, W. B. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)
1962-03-15
hexagonal del reactor los datos obtenidos en geometrias simples idealizadas, analiticas o experimentales. Se compara el rendimiento nuclear, incluso el de reproduccion, del reactor real con el del modelo teorico y se describen las variaciones a largo plazo de la reactividad y de la generacion de energia en la envoltura fertil, refiriendolas a los ciclos propuestos para el combustible y la envoltura fertil. La memoria formula consideraciones sobre la seguridad estudiando en particular la introduccion de indices de reactividad normales y anormales y la consecuencia de supuestos efectos de reactividad, que se basan en el comportamiento fisico de la aleacion combustible y de la estructura del reactor, asi como en la extrapolacion al sistema del EBR-II de los experimentos realizados con el conjunto TREAT. Por ultimo, examina el problema de la fusion del cuerpo del reactor EBR-II. (author) [Russian] Vychisleniya statisticheskogo, dinamicheskogo i dlitel'nogo rezhima reaktivnosti ehksperimental'nog o reaktora-razmnozhitel ya EBR-II dayutsya sovmestno s rezul'tatami i analizom ehksperimentov na reaktore EBR-II po dostizheniyu kritichnosti v sukhom sostoyanii i otdel'nykh ehksperimentov na reaktore ZPR-III. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya problemam fizicheskogo rascheta reaktora, kotorye voznikayut posle opredeleniya printsipial'noj skhemy i do sooruzheniya ili vvoda reaktora v ehkspluatatsiyu. Opisyvayutsya analiz bezopasnosti reaktora i soobrazheniya po otsenke opasnostej, a takzheikh vliyanie na raschet reaktora. V doklade opisyvaetsya sposob ispol'zovaniya modeli EBR-II na osnovanii poluchennykh na reaktore ZPR-III dannykh, a takzhe dannykh sukhoj kritichnosti reaktora EBR-II. EHti ehksperimenty, ikh analiz i teoreticheskie vykladki yavlyayutsya osnovoj dlya opredeleniya fizicheskogo povedeniya reaktornoj sistemy. Bolee podrobno issleduyutsya ogranicheniya, prisushchie primeneniyu ehksperimental'nykh dannykh k rassmatrivaemo j ehnergeticheskoj reaktornoj sisteme. Syuda otnosyatsya
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bateman, J. L.; Bond, V. P.; Rossi, H. H. [Medical Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States); Radiological Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
1964-05-15
treh pri 1,80 Mjev. Issledovanija s opredeleniem umen'shenija kolichestva spermatogoniev obnaruzhili neskol'ko bolee vysokie velichiny OBJe, no takoe zhe snizhenie pri uvelichenii jenergii nejtronov. V tom zhe diapazone jenergij nejtronov izuchalos' tormozhenie metabolizma nukleinovoj kisloty v kishechnike i kostnom mozgu, prichem polucheny bolee nizkie velichiny OBJe. V jetih issledovanijah jeffektivnost' nejtronov byla priblizitel'no proporcional'na raschetnoj (srednjaja jenergija) LPJe. Takoe pozdnee projavlenie, kak obrazovanie katarakty, obychno rassmatrivaetsja kak funkcija jenergii nejtronov, prichem 0,43 Mjev okazyvaetsja bolee jeffektivnoj velichinoj jenergii, chem, 1,80 Mjev. Ispol'zovanie peresmotrennoj metodiki s shhelevoj lampoj pozvoljalo obnaruzhivat' pomutnenie v rannej stadii pri otnositel'no nizkih dozah radiacii. Izuchalis' mehanizmy vosstanovlenija v razlichnyh kletochnyh sistemah pri obluchenii monojenergeticheskimi nejtronami i rentgenovskimi ili gamma-luchami. Izuchajutsja hromosomnye narushenija u myshej, podvergnutyh gamma-oblucheniju pri moshhnosti doz ot 0,2 rad do 100 rad/min po chastote pojavlenija patologicheskih anafaz v regenerirujushhej pecheni cherez 3 mesjaca posle obluchenija. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Miwa, H; Shiojiri, T; Maeda, Y [Kobe Kogyo Corporation, Okubo, Akashi, Hyogo (Japan)
1962-04-15
stavitsya pod otritsatel'noe napryazhenie. Prostranstvo mezhdu toplivnym ehlementom i setkoj sluzhit ulovitel'noj ionizatsionnoj kameroj. Setka sostoit iz parallel'nykh vol'framovykh provodov, zazemlennykh i raspolozhennykh tsilindricheski vokrug toplivnogo ehlementa. Kollektory sostoyat iz 16-ti tonkikh vol'framovykh provolochek, skonstruirovannykh analogichno setke, no kazhdaya provoloka izolirovana ehlektricheski ot drugikh. Vse kollektory soedineny mezhdu soboyu cherez soprotivleniya v 50 kiloomov i cherez pitayushchee soprotivlenie vklyucheny v set' s polozhitel'nym tokom vysokogo napryazheniya. Prostranstvo mezhdu setkoj, kollektorami i katodom sluzhit v kachestve gazovoj umnozhitel'noj kamery, podobno obychnomu proportsional'nomu schetchiku. Kazhdoe soprotivlenie v 50 kiloomov otdelyaet parazitnuyu emkost' podklyuchennogo kollektora ot drugikh emkostej. Vykhodyashchij iz detektora signal napravlyaetsya v usilitel' toka s malym vkhodnym kompleksnym soprotivleniem. Maloe vkhodnoe kompleksnoe soprotivlenie snizhaet takzhe vrednoe vliyanie parazitnoj emkosti vkhodyashchej skhemy. Ehto vedet k polucheniyu khoroshego sootnosheniya signal-pomekha i povyshaet chuvstvitel'nost' obnaruzheniya al'fa-chastits. Do proizvodstva izmerenij v schetchike predvaritel'no sozdaetsya vakuum otkachivaniem pri pomoshchi rotatsionnogo nasosa, posle chego v nego nagnetaetsya gaz PR (90% argona i 10% metana). Blagodarya ispol'zovaniyu ehtogo novogo oborudovaniya nam udalos' obnaruzhit' al'fa-chastitsy, ispuskavshiesya 1 x 10{sup -5} g prirodnogo urana, zagryaznyavshego rebristuyu poverkhnost' obolochki reaktornykh teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov tipa Kvl'der-Kholl; vse teplovydelyayushchie ehlementy reaktora JRR-3 budut provereny ehtim schetchikom. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ivanov, V. E.; Zelenskij, V. F.; Fajfer, S. I.; Zhdanov, S. M.; Maksimenko, V. I.; Savchenko, V. I. [Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Institut an USSR, Khar' kov, SSSR (Russian Federation)
1963-11-15
de berilio (aleaciones PMB). En cuanto a sus propiedades de resistencia, estas aleaciones PMB se asemejan a los cermets de Mg y MgO, aunque se distinguen por su estabilidad y prolongada resistencia a la oxidacion a altas temperaturas, que superan a las correspondientes caracteristicas de las aleaciones de magnesio actualmente conocidas. Asi, en aire a 580{sup o}C, las aleaciones PMB con 2 a 5% de berilio conservan su elevada resistencia a la oxidacion durante mas de 12 000 o incluso 14 000 h. Esta cualidad es ante todo funcion de la concentracion de berilio en la aleacion. Las aleaciones PMB se distinguen asimismo por su resistencia a los sobrecalentamientos de corta duracion. Los cermets de magnesio y las aleaciones de magnesio y berilio que se caracterizan por su acrecentada resistencia a temperaturas elevadas encontraran sin duda vastas aplicaciones en diversas ramas de la tecnica. (author) [Russian] Privodyatsya nekotorye dannye o rezul'tatakh razrabotki metallokeramicheskikh splavov magniya s okis'yu magniya i osobo zharostojkikh magnievo-berillievykh splavov, poluchaemykh s pomoshch'yu metodov poroshkovoj metallurgii. Vvedenie v magnij ute neznachitel'nogo kolichestve melkodispersnoj okisi magniya privodit k uprochneniyu, ehffektivnost' kotorogo vozrastaet s uvelicheniem kontsentratsii okisi magniya, khotya izmenenie kontsentratsii okisi v predelakh 0,3 + 5 ves.% sravnitel'no malo skazyvaetsya na otnositel'nom izmenenii predela kratkovremennoj prochnosti vo vsem intervale issledovannykh temperatur. Pri 20{sup o}C dlya metallokeramicheskikh splavov {sigma}{sub {beta}} 28 + 31 kg/mm{sup 2} i {delta} = 3,5 + 4,5%; pri 500{sup o}C {sigma}{sub {beta}} 2,6+3,2 kg/mm{sup 2} i {delta} 30 + 40%. Polozhitel'noe vliyanie melkodispersnoj okisnoj fazy osobenno skazyvaetsya pri dlitel'nykh ispytaniyakh. Dlya metallokeramicheskikh splavov magniya 3 Mg + 5 Mg {sigma} (300)/100 = 2,2 kg/mm{sup 2}. Kharakternoj osobennost'yu splavov yavlyaetsya vysokaya termicheskaya stabil
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Winsche, W. E.; Davis, Jr., M. W.; Goodlett, Jr., C. B.; Occhipinti, E. S.; Webster, D. S. [E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Aiken, SC (United States)
1963-02-15
odnogo - pjati chasov dlja udalenija sernoj kisloty i ostavshejsja vody i dlja dal'nejshego kvl'ninirovanija i vosstanovlenija himicheskih soedinenij v sbrosnom sernom shlamme. Na jetih stadijah rasplavlennaja sera sluzhit v kachestve teploprovodnoj sredy, prepjatstvuet uvlecheniju radioaktivnyh tverdyh chastic obrazujushhimisja parami i gazami, a takzhe uletuchivaniju radioaktivnogo rutenija ne dopuskaja obrazovanija chetyrehokiela. Laboratornye opyty s ispol'zovaniem v kachestve pitajushhego rastvora koncentrirovannyh othodov vysokoj aktivnosti (1.3 x 10{sup 9} {gamma} c/(min)(ml), 2.0M Al(N0{sub 3}){sub 3}, i 1.5M HNO{sub 3}) pokazali, chto na jetih stadijah processa vyhodjashhimi gazami uvlekaetsja priblizitel'no lish' odna chast' na 100 000 chastej aktivnosti, soderzhashhejsja v ishodnom produkte. Po okonchanii vysokotemperaturnoj obrabotki sbrosnoj sernyj shlamm ohlazhdaetsja do 120 Degree-Sign C - 150 Degree-Sign C i slivaetsja v emkosti dlja okonchatel'nogo hranenija, v kotoryh on zatverdevaet. Stojkost' zatverdevshego sbrosnogo sernogo olamma protiv vozdejstvija vody byla ispol'zovana v kachestve mery jeffektivnosti jetogo metoda obrabotki, hotja avtory ne otkazyvajutsja ot zashhity sistemy emkostej protiv vozdejstvija vody. Iz imitirujushhih rastvorov, soderzhashhih Al(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} jeili nitraty rastvorennoj nerzhavejushhej stali s indikatornymi kolichestvami radioaktivnogo stroncija i cezija, a takzhe iz koncentrirovannyh vysokoradioaktivnyh othodov, soderzhashhih Al(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}, byli izgotovleny nebol'shie cilindry otverzhdennogo shlamma. Jeti cilindry podvergalis' dlitel'nomu vozdejstviju vody. Skorost' vyshhelachivanija opredeljalas' iz rascheta polnogo udalenija materiala iz poverhnostnogo sloja. Posle pervonachal'nogo perioda (6-8 nedel'), kogda vyshhelachivanie proishodit sravnitel'no bystro, nabljudaemaja skorost' vyshhelachivanija sostavljala 0,25 - 0,50 mm v god. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lejpunskij, A I; Kuznetsov, V A; Artyukhov, G Ya; Mogil' ner, A I; Prokhorov, Yu A; Steklovski, V M; Chernov, L A [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)
1962-03-15
la evaluacion de la eficacia de los cilindros compensadores giratorios distribuidos en el limite entre el cuerpo y el reflector. (author) [Russian] Doklad posvyashchen obzoru nekotorykh ehksperimen-tal'nykh rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na stende PF-4, prednaznachennom dlya detal'nogo issledovaniya fizicheskikh osobennostej reaktorov, rabotayushchikh na nejtronakh promezhutochnykh ehnergij. Aktivnye zony i otrazhateli razlichnykh kriticheskikh sborok predstavlyali soboj plotnuyu upakovku stal'nykh ili alyuminievykh trub, v kotorykh pomeshchalis' diski iz razlichnykh materialov. Kombinatsiya diskov urana (90%-nogo obogashcheniya) i zamedlyayushchikh materialov v razlichnoj proportsii, a takzhe vvedenie v otrazhatel' zamedlyayushchikh sloev razlichnoj tolshchiny, pozvolilo menyat' spektr nejtronov, proizvodyashchikh delenie, v ochen' shirokikh predelakh. V doklade privedeno opisanie stenda i ego otdel'nykh uzlov. Analiziruetsya sravnitel'naya ehffektivnost' vnutrennego i vneshnego zamedleniya dlya reaktorov s ochen'malym otnosheniem yader zamedlitelya i urana v aktivnoj zone. Ehksperimenty pokazyvayut, chto dazhe v sluchae tolstykh zamedlyayushchikh otrazhatelej maloe razbavlenie urana zamedlitelem (otnoshenie yader berilliya i urana-235 {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}{approx_equal}1) privodit k vozrastaniyu kriticheskoj massy. Znachitel'noe mesto v doklade udeleno analizu geterogennykh ehffektov v promezhutochnykh reaktorakh. Pokazano, chto dlya reaktora s {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}= 30+40, vysokoobogashchenny j uran v razlichnykh tolshchinakh ot 0,023 g/sm{sup 2} do 32 g/sm{sup 2} okazyvaet odinakovoe vliyanie na reaktiv-nost' sistemy. Analiziruyutsya prichiny, privodyashchie k kompensatsii ehffekta ehkranirovki nejtronnogo potoka tolstymi sloyami urana. V doklade privoditsya interesnyj fakt vozrastaniya ehffektivnosti urana vblizi po- gloshchayushchikh sterzhnej, ehksperimental'n o obnaruzhennyj v sbor kes {partial
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hartwell, R. W. [Power Reactor Development Company, Detroit, MI (United States)
1963-10-15
napryazheniya metalla. Uzel No. 2 byl snabzhen novymi trubkami, vse sektsii byli osvobozhdeny ot napryazheniya, i byla ustanovlena vodorodnaya detektornaya sistema. V dekabre 1962 goda v parogeneratore No. 1 proizoshla reaktsiya natrij - voda. Disk razryva, kotoryj byl ustanovlen na takoj sluchaj, rabotal pravil'no. V nastoyashchee vremya issleduyutsya prichiny i vliyanie ehtogo povrezhdeniya. Zavershenie predpuskovykh ispytanij. Planiruetsya zakonchit' v marte programmu okonchatel'noj sborki i ispytanij v ozhidanii vydachi litsenzii na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora na maloj moshchnosti. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kumta, U. S.; Sreenivasan, A. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)
1966-11-15
(40% vlazhnosti) pri komnatnoj temperature (25 - 28 Degree-Sign S) bolee chem do 150 dnej. Jetot process byl issledovan s tochki zrenija dopustimoj dozy obluchenija, sinergichnogo jeffekta sarbinovoj kisloty, uluchshenija kachestva v rezul'tate drugih vidov fizicheskoj i himicheskoj obrabotki i vida upakovochnogo materiala. Pojavlenie pleseni i nezhelatel'nyh zapahov okislenija u syra mozhet byt' zaderzhano primerno na 20 dnej pri komnatnoj temperature v rezul'tate obluchenija slabymi dozami (0,1 i 0,2 Mrad) i primenenija obertki, pokrytoj sarbinovoj kislotoj. Radiacionnoe povrezhdenie belkov ryby bylo izucheno s tochki zrenija stepeni ih rasshheplenija, skoplenija, jeffekta raskrytija i jelektroforeznoj podvizhnosti. Obnadezhivajushhie rezul'taty byli polucheny pri primenenii radiacii dlja dezinfesta- cii zerna i prodlenija sroka hranenija indijskogo hleba. Prodolzhaetsja izuchenie izmenenij sostava i pitatel'nosti obluchennoj pshenicy. Opisany sushhestvujushhie i zaplanirovannye ustanovki dlja obluchenija. Laboratorija obluchenija i obrabotki pishhevyh produktov, kotoraja budet gotova v skorom vremeni, budet imet' sbornyj obluchatel' s kobal'tom-60 (100 000 kjuri), portativnyj obluchatel' dlja zerna s kobal'tom-60 (28000 kjuri) i drugie ustanovki dlja obluchenija pishhevyh produktov, a takzhe analiticheskie i issledovatel'skie laboratorii. Predusmotrennaja proizvoditel'nost' sbornogo obluchatelja sostavljaet 100 funtov/chas pri doze. 0,5 Mrad, a portativnogo obluchatelja - 500 funtov/chas zerna pri doze 15 krad. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bulashevich, Yu P; Voskobojnikov, G M; Muzyukin, L V
1962-01-15
, intensivnost' kotoroj rezko oslablyaetsya s uvelicheniem srednego atomnogo nomera ehlementov sredy. EHtim metodom uspeshno vydelyayutsya rudnye zony s tyazhelymi ehlementami (svinets, vol'fram, rtut' i dr.). CHuvstvitel'nost' metoda poryadka 0,01 % SGGK uspeshno primenyaetsya na zhelezorudnykh (sideritovykh) mestorozhde- niyakh. Anomal'no bol'shoe sechenie zakhvata teplovykh nejtronov borom pozvolyaet vydelyat' v razreze skvazhin boronosnye zony metodami NGK i NNK. Meshayushchee vliyanie vody isklyuchaetsya inversionnymi zondami. EHti nejtronnye metody, a takzhe nejtronno-aktivatsionnyj karotazh nashli primenenie takzhe na mestorozhdeniyakh medi, margantsa, alyuminiya i nekotorykh drugikh. Nepreryvnyj aktivatsionnyj karotazh tselesoobrazen pri podkhodyashchem periode poluraspada voznikayushchego radioaktivnogo izotopa. Pri ehtom teoriya pozvolyaet ustanovit' optimal'nye usloviya karotazha (skorost', dlina zonda i t.d.). Registratsiya nejtronov pri foto-nejtronnom karotazhe pozvolyaet vydelyat' zony, obogashchennye berilliem, i otsenivat' soderzhaniya ehtogo ehlementa, nachinaya s 0,001%. Opyt podtverzhdaet ehffektivnost' i ehkonomicheskuyu tselesoobraznost' primeneniya metodov yadernoj geofiziki pri razvedke rudnykh i ugol'nykh mestorozhdenij. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Curran, S C [Awre, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)
1960-06-15
sistematica de las propriedades de los gases y mezclas utilizadas en el recuento proporcional. Cabe esperar que las mediciones efectuadas con este dispositivo permitan ampliar el campo de aplicacion de los contadores. (author) [Russian] I. Rabota nad schetnoj sistemoj, prednaznachenno j dlya izucheniya zakhvata ehlektronov, pokazala, chto diametr anoidnogo provoda v proportsional'no m schetchike s vysokim' davleniem mozhet okazyvat' bol'shoe vliyanie na razreshenie po ehnergii, poluchaemoe pri izmereniyakh radiatsii nizkoj ehnergii. V schetchike, rabotayushchem pri davlenii v 12 atmosfer, shirina raspredeleniya impul'sov pri radiatsii v 13,5 kehv K-zakhvata mozhet byt' izmenena ot 65% do 17% posredstvom izmeneniya diametra provoda ot 0,0076 do 0,0025 millimetra. EHto yavlenie ob{sup y}asnyaetsya kak dejstvie polozhitel'nogo prostranstvennog o zaryada iona v lavine. Dlya opredelennogo usileniya gaza i osnovnoj radiatsii plotnost' polozhitel'ny kh ionov v lavine bystro uvelichivaetsya vmeste s davleniem napolnyayushchego gaza, i kogda soputstvuyushchie ehlektricheskie polya stanovyatsya dostatochno bol'shimi, chtoby povliyat' na poslednie stadii protsessa umnozheniya, razreshenie po ehnergii schetchika ukhudshaetsya. Umen'shenie diametra anodnogo provoda uvelichivaet poyavlyayushcheesya izvne pole v tom meste, gde proiskhodit umnozhenie, i tem samym stremitsya protivodejstvovat ' dejstviyu prostranstvennogo zaryada. Ispol'zovanie 0,0025-millimetrovy kh anodnykh provodov okazalos' udovletvoritel'ny m pri novykh izmereniyakh koehffitsient a zakhvata L/K, provodimogo s mnogoprovodno j schetnoj sistemoj s Davleniem do 12 atmosfer. Rezul'taty, poluchennye dlya koehffitsienta zakhvata L/K s Ge{sup 71} i Kg{sup 79} ravny 0,115 i 0,112 sootvetstvenno . Tazhe schetnaya sistema ispol'zovalas' pri issledovanii M-zakhvata v ehtikh dvukh izotopakh. Nizkaya ehnergiya radiatsii M-zakhvata, 180 ehv v Ge{sup 71}, 260 ehv v Kg{sup 79} i ee nizkaya intensivnost' po po sravneniyu s intensivnost
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Giles, Jr., R. H.; Peterle, T. J. [Ohio Co-Operative Wildlife Research Unit, Columbus, OH (United States)
1963-09-15
insecticida pulverizado. Por toma de muestras de tierra y recuento de zonas delimitadas se estudio la distribucion bajo la superficie del suelo. Las muestras de agua tomadas en arroyos intermitentes y los ensayos realizados con insectos, mamiferos, reptiles y aves indicaron la distribucion inicial y subsiguiente del insecticida y sus metabolitos en el sistema ecologico. Los estudios de la poblacion animal siguieron durante los veranos de 1961 y 1962; en el verano de 1963 se reuniran todavia algunos datos. Los resultados preliminares indican que la poblacion de insectos vuelve a la normalidad unas tres semanas despues del tratamiento; no se observo efecto alguno en los animales vertebrados de la zona tratada. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie malationa (0,0-dimetilditiofosfat diehtilmerkaptoyantarnoj kisloty) v lesnom massive vostochnoj chasti Tsentral'nogo Ogajo, SSHA, izuchalos' vesnoj 1962 goda. Ehtot insektitsid shirokogo dejstviya byl vybran dlya izucheniya v svyazi s ego vozrastayushchej rol'yu v bor'be s mnogimi vazhnymi nasekokymi-vreditelyami listvennykh i khvojnykh lesov Soedinennykh Shtatov. Dlya rasshireniya znanij po ehkologii lesnykh massivov, a takzhe bolee polnogo ponimaniya vliyaniya insektitsidov na faunu byla ispol'zovana svoeobraznaya vozmozhnost' izucheniya ehtikh problem odnovremenno posredstvom primeneniya mechennykh izotopami insektitsidov. S{sup 35} byla vybrana vvidu nizkoj ehnergii beta-izlucheniya (0,167 Mehv) i dostatochno korotkogo perioda poluraspada (87,1 dnya). Predvaritel'noe issledovanie uchastka zemli 0,1 akra letom 1961 goda pokazalo stepen' vozmozhnogo' primeneniya v usloviyakh obshchej radiatsii, a takzhe vozmozhnost' razrabotat' podgotovitel'nye metody dlya vzyatiya prob. Letom 1961 goda byl proveden obzor fauny dvukh bassejnov reki ploshchad'yu v 20 akrov kazhdyj. V mae 1962 goda odin iz nikh byl obrabotan tekhnicheski-chistym malationom v kolichestve 2 funtov na 1 akr v smesi s ksilolom, tritonom X-155 (ehmul'gator) i vodoj. Malation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sweet, William H; Mealey, John Jr; Brownell, Gordon L; Aronow, Saul [Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Neurosurgical Service and Physics Research Laboratory of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)
1959-07-01
suficiente para proceder a la reseccion quirurgica, quizas sea esta la contribucion mas importante del metodo hasta la fecha. En cambio, los resultados con tumores subtentoriales fueron menos satisfactorios, pues se fracaso en 23 de 39 casos, es decir en el 59 por ciento. En el grupo de enfermedades benignas, el arsenico permitid localizar 7 de 8 hematomas subdurales, mientras que la exploracion mediante cobre no dio ningun resultado positivo en tres casos. En cuatro casos sobre cinco el empleo del arsenico permitio localizar coagulos intracerebrales diagnosticados. La totalidad de los 10 abscesos estudiados fue diagnosticada mediante el arsenico, y 3 de cada 4 mediante el cobre. En los tres pacientes que sufrian de leucoencefalopatia, la exploracion mediante arsenico indico las zonas principales de desmielinizacion. De 10 pacientes que hablan sido sometidos a un total de 16 exploraciones, y a los que posteriormente se efectuo una craneotomia exploratoria con resultado negative, no hubo mas que dos en los cuales la exploracion (mediante arsenico y cobre respectivamente) habia permitido diagnosticar una anormalidad localizada y bien definida. (author) [Russian] Nastoyashchij doklad posvyashchen podschetu metodom sovpadenij v chelovecheskom organizme parnykh annigilyatsonny kh gamma-luchej, vydelyaemykh pri pozitroniem raspade izotopov medi i mysh'yaka. V nem rassmatrivaets ya biologicheskoe pove denie neorganicheskoj soli mysh'yakovoj i mysh'yakovistoj kisloty ili mednogo versenata, a takzhe rezul'taty ispol'zovaniya veshchestv pri provedenii issledovanij s pomoshch'yu avtomaticheski rabotayushchej apparatury v tselyakh lokalizatsii vnutricherepnykh mass. Radioaktivnost' glavnykh normal'nykh golovnykh tkanej, a takzhe razlichnykh novoobrazovanij , krovyanykh opukholej (gematom), gnojnikov (abstsessov) i zon razrusheniya mielina byla analizirovana metodom biopsii. Pri primenenii mysh'yaka koehffitsient sootnosheniya mezhdu zakhvatom izotopa v mozgovoj opukholi i ego