Radioresponse of thymomas verified with histologic reponse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohara, Kiyoshi; Tatsuzaki, Hideo; Okumura, Toshiyuki; Itai, Yuji [Dept. of Radiology, Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba City (Japan)]|[Inst. of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba City (Japan); Fuji, Hiroshi [Dept. of Radiology, Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba City (Japan); Sugahara, Shinji [Dept. of Radiology, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi City (Japan); Akaogi, Eiichi; Onizuka, Masataka; Ishikawa, Shigemi; Mitsui, Kiyofumi [Dept. of Surgery, Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba City (Japan)]|[Inst. of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba City (Japan)

1998-12-31

Patterns of radiologic response of 10 thymomas treated by preoperative radiotherapy (RT) (18-20 Gy/2 weeks) were determined in conjunction with histologic response. Changes in tumor volume were evaluated with CT scans obtained 5 to 36 days before and 14 to 24 days after the initiation of RT and before surgery. The extent of tumor volume reduction (TR) varied widely (40-78%), while the mean daily volume decrement expressed as a percentage of the pre-RT tumor volume correlated significantly with the pre-RT tumor volume. Histologically, the tumors, all of which were resected 17 to 33 days after RT initiation, generally consisted of predominant fibrous tissues, rare necrotic foci, and few epithelial cells. The TR did not correlate with pre-RT tumor volume, observation period, histologic subtype, or quantity of remaining epithelial cells. The TR of thymomas does not predict RT impact on tumor cells but does reflect the quantity of inherent tumor stroma. (orig.)

Radioresponse of thymomas verified with histologic reponse

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohara, Kiyoshi; Tatsuzaki, Hideo; Okumura, Toshiyuki; Itai, Yuji; Fuji, Hiroshi; Sugahara, Shinji; Akaogi, Eiichi; Onizuka, Masataka; Ishikawa, Shigemi; Mitsui, Kiyofumi

1998-01-01

Patterns of radiologic response of 10 thymomas treated by preoperative radiotherapy (RT) (18-20 Gy/2 weeks) were determined in conjunction with histologic response. Changes in tumor volume were evaluated with CT scans obtained 5 to 36 days before and 14 to 24 days after the initiation of RT and before surgery. The extent of tumor volume reduction (TR) varied widely (40-78%), while the mean daily volume decrement expressed as a percentage of the pre-RT tumor volume correlated significantly with the pre-RT tumor volume. Histologically, the tumors, all of which were resected 17 to 33 days after RT initiation, generally consisted of predominant fibrous tissues, rare necrotic foci, and few epithelial cells. The TR did not correlate with pre-RT tumor volume, observation period, histologic subtype, or quantity of remaining epithelial cells. The TR of thymomas does not predict RT impact on tumor cells but does reflect the quantity of inherent tumor stroma. (orig.)

U.S. Army Staffs-Are They Broken?

Science.gov (United States)

1992-03-10

routine business that could be reduced to a few rules and thus would not require the presence of the decision maker, nmally the monarch.. 4 Information...equip=*ni, billeting, military policy arx moalle G2 - Reponsible far all inteligence fwrctiou. G3 - IRmsP l zuible for cpmratiros to inludezm zmrtu of

Management ofinvasive thymoma at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1991-03-02

Mar 2, 1991 ... type, pleomorphism and mitotic count. Chemotherapy has a role in patients with metastatic disease and reponses may be seen.1S,17. This series supports the need for a multidisciplinary approach in treatment of patients with invasive thymic tumours. The support of the National Cancer Association of South ...

1 Étude numérique de la convection naturelle tridimensionnelle ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

TOSHIBA

naturelle thermique laminaire de type couche limite au voisinage d'un cône à surface lisse. Bapuji et al. [2] ont étudié le courant de la convection naturelle laminaire instable avec un cône vertical isotherme. Pop et. Tsung Yen [3] ont étudié les effets de la compressibilité dans la convection naturelle laminaire autour d'un.

A Home in the World? Remarks on India and the Future

Science.gov (United States)

2001-05-01

their loyalties shift. If you ask an Indian working in America what he or she misses about India, the instant reponse is "Family," not corruption...experts, for whom the past is the pattern of the future. Then, in Burma, with a chopstick load of noodles halfway to my snout, the light finally

A new scintillation counter with very fast resolving time (1961); Nouveau compteur a scintillation a tres faible temps de resolution (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koch, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

The rare gases used as scintillators are characterized by their short time of luminescence and by the linearity of their response as a function of the total energy imparted to the gas by the incident particle. It is possible with these scintillators, when associated with a fast response photomultiplier, to solve certain problems of nuclear physics demanding a linear detector with a very fast resolving time (a few nanoseconds). Two examples of the construction of this apparatus are described. The results obtained and future possibilities are briefly outlined. (author) [French] Les gaz rares utilises comme scintillateurs sont caracterises par leur faible duree de luminescence et par la linearite de leur reponse en fonction de l'energie totale cedee au gaz par la particule incidente. Ces scintillateurs, associes a un photomultiplicateur a une reponse rapide, permettent de resoudre certains problemes de physique nucleaire dans lesquels un detecteur lineaire a tres faible temps de resolution (quelques nanosecondes) se revele indispensable. Deux exemples de realisation sont decrits. Les resultats obtenus et les possibilites futures sont brievement exposes. (auteur)

Bioimaging and Forward Genetics: Exploring Nod Factor Perception and Nodule Infection in Lotus japonicus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kalisch, Christina

the plant’s need for artificial fertilizers. The plants discriminate carefully between harmful pathogens, which induce a defense reponse, and these beneficial rhizobia, which are allowed to colonize the root tissue. Christina Kalisch studied the perception of bacterial signal molecules by the plant...... at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University....

The manufacture of plutonium fuels for light water reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lebastard, G.

1985-01-01

This paper describes the agreement concluded between COGEMA and BELGONUCLEAIRE, reflected in the creation of the COMMOX group which has been made reponsible for promoting and marketing plutonium fuel rods for light water reactors. One then analyses the main aspects of manufacturing this type of fuel and the resources deployed. Finally one indicates the sales prospects scheduled to meet requirements (MELOX plant) [fr

Three-dimensional (3D) MRI of the knee. IRM tridimensionnelle du genou

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shahabpour, M.; Spruyt, D.; Leroux, G.B.; Osteaux, M. (Vrije Univ., Brussels (Belgium))

1993-01-01

Three-dimensional gradient echo T2-weighted sequences have a number of advantages over spin echo T2-weighted sequences (or even 2D gradient echo T2-weighted sequences) for assessment of the knee. They allow a multidimensional analysis based on a single acquisition sequence usually obtained in the sagittal plane. Image reconstructions can be performed secondarily in the coronal, axial and oblique planes, particularly along the specific path of the anterior cruciate ligament. By providing ultrathin serial sections, decreasing the partial volume effect, small lesions, such as cartilaginous fissures or flaps and radial meniscal lesions can be detected in the axial plane, for example. This advantage, combined with the marked sensitivity of gradient echo sequences to alterations in the tissue water content, allows the detection of partial tendon ruptures. The reduction of the partial volume effect and chemical shift artefact probably participate in the capacity of these sequences to visualize the two surfaces of the cartilage of the femorotibial joint. Flow artefacts are less of a problem than with 2D imaging, which eliminates the need for techniques such as saturation of the vascular signal or cardiac gating. A disadvantage of these gradient echo sequences (3D or 2D) is their sensitivity to the presence of metallic material, limiting their application in operated knees.

Background noise in amplifiers of pulse ionization rooms; Le bruit de fond dans les amplificateurs de chambre d'ionisation a impulsions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valladas, G; Leveque, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Lab. du Fort de Chatillon, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1952-07-01

The accuracy on the charge measures liberated in a pulse ionization room is limited by the background noise inherent to the used amplifier. Firstly we remind briefly the main features of the signal collected on the electrode collector of the room and the background noise, then the theory of Milatz and Keller. This theory establishes the existence of an absolute limit on the precision of the measures, characteristic of the preamplifier tube and permits its calculation. We define the transient answer of an ideal amplifier allowing effectively this precision. We propose a convenient circuit having this answer and we compare with the usually used circuits. In the case the method of Scherr and Peterson, we show that a supplementary condition render the previous theory insufficient. We calculate the optimum transient response in this case and the value of the limit of precision who ensues. We consider some simple circuits and compare to this limit the precision that they permit to get. (author) [French] La precision sur les mesures de charges liberees dans une chambre d'ionisation a impulsions est limitee par le bruit de fond inherent a l'amplificateur utilise. Nous rappelons brievement tout d'abord les caracteristiques principales du signal recueilli sur l'electrode collectrice de la chambre et du bruit de fond, puis la theorie de Milatz et Keller. Cette theorie etablit l'existence d'une limite absolue sur la precision des mesures, caracteristique du tube preamplificateur, et permet son calcul. Nous definissons la reponse transitoire de l'amplificateur ideal permettant d'attendre effectivement cette precision. Nous proposons un circuit pratique ayant cette reponse et nous lui comparons les circuits habituellement utilises. Dans le cas ou l'on emploie la methode de Scherr et Peterson, nous montrons qu'une condition supplementaire s'introduit rendant la theorie precedente insuffisante. Nous calculons donc la reponse transitoire optimum dans ce cas et la valeur de la

Morphologie de cristallites de palladium sur support d'alumine Morphology of Palladium Crystallites Supported on Alumina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Argile C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Nous avons étudié, par microscopie électronique à transmission, la structure tridimensionnelle des particules métalliques de catalyseurs Pd/Al2O3. Un modèle de cuboctaèdre tronqué est proposé pour des particules de taille de l'ordre de 30 nm. Pour des particules de taille inférieure (~ 5 nm l'observation des profils et des orientations cristallographiques vis-à-vis du support sont compatibles avec un modèle cuboctaédrique. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the three dimensional structure of metal particles in Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. A model in the form of a truncated cuboctahedron is proposed for particles of size about 30 nm. For smaller (~ 5 nm particles observations of profiles and crystallographic orientations with respect to the support are compatible with a cuboctahedron model.

Exogenous progesterone treatment during pregnancy for increasing milk production and growth of kids of Etawa grade goat

OpenAIRE

I-Ketut Sutama; I-G.M Budiarsana; Supriyati; Hastono

2012-01-01

Naturally, progesterone in ruminant is mainly produced by corpus luteum and it is reponsible for maintaining pregnancy, and affecting udder development and milk production. Exogenous progesterone treatment is expected to give similar positive effect on milk production as the endogenous progesterone does. Fourty mature Etawa grade (PE) does were synchronized for oestrus using Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) followed by natural mating. Does then were treated with CIDR intravaginally, as...

Human lymphocytes exposed to low doses of ionizing radiations become refractory to high doses of radiation as well as to chemical mutagens that induce double-strand breaks in DNA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolff, Sheldon; Afzal, Veena; Wiencke, J.K.; Olivieri, G.; Michaeli, A.

1988-01-01

The results indicate that prior exposure to 0.01 Gy of X-rays reduces the number of chromosome breaks induced by double-strand breaks, and perhaps even by cross-links, in DNA, but has the opposite effect on breaks induced by the alkylating agent MMS. The results also show that the induced repair mechanism is different from that observed in the adaptive reponse that follows exposure to low doses of alkylating agents. (author)

Workforce diversity, productivity and wages in France: the role of managers vs. the proprietary structure of the firm

OpenAIRE

Garnero, Andrea

2015-01-01

This paper estimates the impact of workforce diversity on productivity, wages, and productivity–wage gaps in a sample of French firms using data from a comprehensive establishment-level survey (REPONSE) for 2011 matched with companies’ balance sheet data. Controlling for a wide set of workers’ and firms’ characteristics, findings suggest that age and gender diversity are negatively linked to firm’s productivity and wages while education diversity is positively linked. Contrary to some widespr...

Preparedness of public authorities for emergencies at nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-01-01

The safety guide lays down the requirements for the establishment of suitable procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency situation at a nuclear power plant. Many of the procedures would also be applicable at other nuclear facilities such as fuel manufacturing plants, irradiated fuel processing plants and the like. The guide defines reponsibilities for emergency planning, organization and action, protective measures to be taken, information and instruction of the public, training and cooperation across boundaries

Mechanical Engineering Department technical abstracts for the period January-June 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woo, H.H.

1986-01-01

This document contains the abstracts from 116 reports produced by the Mechanical Engineering Department of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory during the period January - June, 1985. The Mechanical Engineering Department is reponsible for the design, analysis, fabrication, testing, and field installation of all mechanical components and systems required by Defence Systems, Lasers, Magnetic Fusion Energy, Physics, and Biomedical and Environmental Research. Similar support is provided to the Chemistry and Computation Departments. Keyword, author, and report-number indices are included

Conference Proceedings of Operational Loads Data Held at Sienna, Italy on 2-6 April 1984

Science.gov (United States)

1984-08-01

pour les mesures en vol A instrumenter des sections de voilure ou de fuselage avec des jauges de crritraintes qui permettent theoriquement de restituer...les efforts g~n~raux de la section par combinaison lineaire de leurs signaux ; l’operateur de combinaisons est Otabli A partir des rEponses des jauges ...l’installation dlessais est basee sur des jauges de contraintes ou des extensom~tres ; Ileuis dispositions r~sultent d’un compromis entre la

Ensembles de donnees nationales : sources d'information sur la garde des enfants au Canada

OpenAIRE

Forer, Barry; Hertzman, Clyde; Kohen, Dafna

2006-01-01

La presente etude fournit une description des differents ensembles de donnees canadiennes qui pourraient etre utilises pour examiner des questions relatives au recours aux services de garde. Les ensembles de donnees nationales qui traitent des tendances de l'emploi, de l'emploi du temps, des revenus familiaux, du soutien social ainsi que des mesures de la sante des enfants, des adolescents et des adultes ont ete inclus. On a conclu que de nombreuses questions demeurent sans reponse en ce qui ...

575 Photoaging Attenuates Skin Test Response to Histamine More Than Natural Aging

OpenAIRE

King, Monroe James; Fitzhugh, David; Lockey, Richard F.

2012-01-01

Background Clinical experience suggests that skin test reactivity is often decreased in photo-exposed skin versus sun-protected skin in older individuals. The current study was designed to address whether photoaging or natural aging of skin causes a greater diminution in skin test reponse. Methods Prick-puncture skin tests to histamine were performed on sun-exposed and sun-protected areas in younger (n = 61, age 20–50) and older (n = 63, age 60–87) adult volunteers who were recruited for skin...

Reponsive and Open Learning Environments (ROLE: Requirements, Evaluation and Reflection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Effie Lai-Chong Law

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Coordinating requirements engineering (RE and evaluation studies across heterogeneous technology-enhanced learning (TEL environments is deemed challenging, because each of them is situated in a specific organizational, technical and socio-cultural context. We have dealt with such challenges in the project of ROLE (http://www.role-project.eu/ in which five test-beds are involved in deploying and evaluating Personal Learning Environments (PLEs. They include Higher Education Institutions (HEIs and global enterprises in and beyond Europe, representing a range of values and assumptions. While the diversity provides fertile grounds for validating our research ideas, it poses many challenges for conducting comparison studies. In the paper, we first provide an overview of the ROLE project, focusing on its missions and aims. Next we present a Web2.0-inspired RE approach called Social Requirements Engineering (SRE. Then we depict our initial attempts to evaluate the ROLE framework and report some preliminary findings. One major outcome is that the technology adoption process must work on the basis of existing LMS, extending them with the ROLE functionality rather than embracing LMS functionality in ROLE.

Measurement of the increase in the capillary permeability in skin with Evans blue labelled with iodine-125 or 131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugarava, S.; Goncalves, J.M.

1976-01-01

The quantitative evaluation of bradykinin and histamine with Evans blue labelled with iodine -125 or 131 is described. The activity upon vascular permeability was performed in the abdominal wall of rats injecting intravenously solution of labelled Evans blue and 0,1 ml of vasoactive drugs solution intradermally. Skin discs were cut with circular punch for external counting, quantitative results being compared with control discs. By using this method, satisfactory log dose-reponse curves were obtained for bradykinin and histamine that followed the general trend of S - shaped curves [pt

Second Order Nonlinear Hydroelastic Analyses of Floating Bodies - the Primary Consideration of Nonlinear Structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, X.; Cui, W.; Jensen, Jørgen Juncher

2003-01-01

are introduced in this paper. With the examples of the motion and displacement reponses of a floating plate undergoing large vertical deflections in multidirectional waves, the analysis method of the couple action between the vertical deflections in multidirectional waves, the analysis method of the couple...... action between the vertical displacement and the fluid are presented in the frequency domain. The influence of the membrane forces to the vertical displacements, bending moments and the stress are discussed. The numerical results indicate that the membrane forces have influence on the vertical...

Radiation monitoring: an introduction. Rev. ed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayward, P.; Arnott, D.

1987-01-01

This Greenpeace pamphlet has been produced in reponse to requests from members of the public wishing to set up monitoring groups. It lists some U.K. manufacturers of radiation monitoring equipment and the contributors have summarized information available from manufacturer's own catalogues describing the equipment, what it will and will not do and costing various programmes. Three types of monitoring are discussed: monitoring the level of background gamma radiation, monitoring radioactive contamination, (early warning systems), and monitoring food and environmental samples for very low levels of radiation. (UK)

Etude exploratoire des conceptions de la circulation sanguine aupres d'eleves de l'ordre collegial

Science.gov (United States)

Robitaille, Jean-Marc

Il existe peu d'etudes sur les conceptions touchant les domaines de la biologie, notamment sur les conceptions de la circulation sanguine Nous avons observe egalement l'absence de recherche menee aupres d'eleves de l'ordre collegial sur cette question. Nous avons voulu combler une lacune en menant une recherche sur les conceptions de la circulation sanguine aupres d'eleves de l'ordre collegial. Pour mener cette recherche nous nous sommes inspires d'une methode developpee par Treagust (1988). Le premier niveau de formulation didactique etablit l'architecture du systeme et la fonction nutritive de la circulation. Le second niveau de formulation didactique decrit et relie les parametres de la dynamique de la circulation et leur relation: Pression, Debit et Resistance. Le troisieme niveau de formulation didactique s'interesse au controle de la circulation du sang dans un contexte d'homeostasie qui implique la regulation de la pression arterielle. Nous avons construit un questionnaire en nous guidant sur les niveaux de formulation didactique et l'analyse des entrevues menees aupres de dix-huit eleves, representatifs de la population cible. Ce questionnaire fut administre a un echantillon de 2300 eleves disperses dans six colleges de la region de Montreal. Notre echantillon comprend des eleves inscrits a des programmes de l'ordre collegial en Sciences de la nature et en Techniques de la sante et qui n'ont pas suivi le cours sur la circulation sanguine. Notre analyse des reponses des eleves de notre echantillon aux questions sur le premier niveau de formulation didactique revele que la majorite des eleves considerent que le systeme circulatoire relie les organes les uns aux autres dans un circuit en serie. Notre analyse revele egalement que la majorite des eleves estiment que les nutriments sont extraits du sang par les organes selon un processus de selection base sur les besoins determines par la fonction de l'organe. Ces besoins sont differents selon les organes qui ne

Fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles de nanocomposites polymeres charges de nanotubes de carbone a simple paroi

Science.gov (United States)

Laberge Lebel, Louis

There is currently a worldwide effort for advances in micro and nanotechnologies due to their high potential for technological applications in fields such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), organic electronics and structural microstructures for aerospace. In these applications, carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites represent interesting material options compared to conventional resins for their enhanced mechanical and electrical properties. However, several significant scientific and technological challenges must first be overcome in order to rapidly and cost-effectively fabricate nanocomposite-based microdevices. Fabrication techniques have emerged for fabricating one- of two-dimensional (1D/2D) nanocomposite structures but few techniques are available for three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite structures. The overall objective of this thesis is the development of a manufacturing technique allowing the fabrication of 3D structures of single-walled carbon nanotube (C-SWNT)/polymer nanocomposite. This thesis reports the development of a direct-write fabrication technique that greatly extends the fabrication space for 3D carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite structures. The UV-assisted direct-write (UV-DW) technique employs the robotically-controlled micro-extrusion of a nanocomposite filament combined with a UV exposure that follows the extrusion point. Upon curing, the increased rigidity of the extruded filament enables the creation of multi-directional shapes along the trajectory of the extrusion point. The C-SWNT material is produced by laser ablation of a graphite target and purified using a nitric acid reflux. The as-grown and purified material is characterized under transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The purification procedure successfully graphed carboxylic groups on the surface of the C-SWNTs, shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. An incorporation procedure in the polymer is developed involving a non-covalent functionalization of the nanotubes by zinc protoporphyrin IX molecule and high shear mixing using a three-roll mill. The incorporation of the C-SWNTs into the resin led to an increase of the viscosity and the apparition of a shear thinning behaviour, characterized by capillary viscometry. The nanocomposite UV-curing behavior is characterized under differential scanning calorimetry coupled with a UV source. A further adjustment of the shear thinning behavior using fumed silica enabled the UV-DW fabrication of microbeams. Mechanical characterization reveals significant increase in both strength (by ˜64%) and modulus (by more than 15 times). These mechanical enhancements are attributed to both the covalent and the non-covalent functionalizations of the C-SWNTs. Nanocomposite spring networks composed of three micro-coils fabricated using the UV-DW technique are mechanically tested under compression and show a rigidity of ˜11.5 mN/mm. A micro-coil is also deposited between two uneven electrodes and a 10-6 S/cm electrical conductivity is measured. Nanocomposite scaffold structures are also deposited using the UV-DW technique. This thesis also reports the fabrication of 3D micro structured beams reinforced with the C-SWNT/polymer nanocomposite by using an approach based on the infiltration of 3D microfluidic networks. The 3D microfluidic network is first fabricated by the direct-write assembly method, which consists of the robotized deposition of fugitive ink filaments on an epoxy substrate, forming a 3D micro structured scaffold. After encapsulating the 3D micro-scaffold structure with an epoxy resin, the fugitive ink is liquefied and removed, resulting in a 3D network of interconnected microchannels. This microfluidic network is then infiltrated by the C-SWNT/polyurethane nanocomposite and subsequently cured. The final samples consist of rectangular beams having a complex 3D-skeleton structure of C-SWNT/polyrner nanocomposite fibers, adapted to offer better performance under flexural solicitation. Dynamic mechanical analysis in flexion show an increase of 12.5% in the storage modulus under 35°C compared to the resin infiltrated beams. The manufacturing techniques demonstrated here, i.e. UV assisted direct writing and the infiltration of 3D microfluidic networks, open new prospects for the achievement of 3D reinforced micro structures that could find application in organic electronics, MEMS, sensor, tissue engineering scaffolds and aerospace.

New proportional counter for in vivo detection of traces of plutonium in the lungs; Nouveau compteur proportionnel destine a la detection in vivo de traces de plutonium dans les poumons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morucci, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1966-07-01

Development of a multi-wire proportional counter having a uniform response over 250 cm{sup 2} thanks to corrections made for boundary effects, and having a low background per sq. cm. due to the use of two identical counters set in anti-coincidence in the same enclosure is described. (author) [French] Etude et mise au point d'un compteur proportionnel multifils de reponse utile homogene sur une surface de 250 cm{sup 2} grace a la correction des effets de bords et de faible mouvement propre par cm{sup 2} grace a deux compteurs identiques montes en anticoincidence dans la meme enceinte. (auteur)

Corporate social reponsability strategic corporate social responsability: External and internal outcomes

OpenAIRE

Laka, Edite

2012-01-01

This study investigates the importance and benefits of having a strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program by testing the interrelationships between strategic CSR with three external (reputation, corporate image, and customer loyalty) and four internal (organizational commitment, job satisfaction, performance, and organizational deviance) variables. 269 clients and non-clients along with 190 employees and their direct supervisors completed the survey. Strategic CSR has shown to h...

Dynamic reponse of a cylindrical shell immersed in a potential fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cummings, G.E.

1978-01-01

A numerical solution technique is presented for determining the dynamic response of a thin, elastic, circular, cylindrical shell of constant wall thickness and density, immersed in a potential fluid. The shell may be excited by an arbitrary radial forcing function with a specified time history and spatial distribution. In addition, a pressure history may be specified over a segment of the fluid outer boundary. Any of the natural shell end conditions may be prescribed. A numerical instability prevented direct solutions where the ratio of the hydrodynamic forces to shell inertial forces is greater than two. This instability is believed to be the result of the weak coupling between the equations describing the fluid to those describing the shell. To circumvent this instability, an effective mass was calculated and added to the shell. Comparison of numerical to experimental results are made using a 1 / 12 scale model of a nuclear reactor core support barrel. Natural frequencies and modes are determined for this model in air, water, and oil. The computed frequencies compare to experimental results to within 15%. The use of this numerical technique is illustrated by comparing it to an analytical solution for shell beam modes and an uncertainty in the analytical technique concerning the proper effective mass to use, is resolved

Computational modeling of mycobacterium infection and innate immune reponse in zebrafish

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Viana de Carvalho, Rafael

2015-01-01

In this thesis we provided a comprehensive overview on the steps that are involved in the modeling process and simulation of biological phenomena; from the choice of the method to the validation of the results. We gradually implemented a model with which we would be able to study the complex

93 Farmers' Perception and Reponses to Soil erosion in Zing Local ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

`123456789jkl''''#

Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol. 4 No.1 2011. 1Department of ... converted to percentages was used in analyzing the data. The result shows that ..... Haytee press and publishing comp. Ilorin,. Kwara State ...

Dynamic reponse of a cylindrical shell immersed in a potential fluid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cummings, G.E.

1978-04-18

A numerical solution technique is presented for determining the dynamic response of a thin, elastic, circular, cylindrical shell of constant wall thickness and density, immersed in a potential fluid. The shell may be excited by an arbitrary radial forcing function with a specified time history and spatial distribution. In addition, a pressure history may be specified over a segment of the fluid outer boundary. Any of the natural shell end conditions may be prescribed. A numerical instability prevented direct solutions where the ratio of the hydrodynamic forces to shell inertial forces is greater than two. This instability is believed to be the result of the weak coupling between the equations describing the fluid to those describing the shell. To circumvent this instability, an effective mass was calculated and added to the shell. Comparison of numerical to experimental results are made using a /sup 1///sub 12/ scale model of a nuclear reactor core support barrel. Natural frequencies and modes are determined for this model in air, water, and oil. The computed frequencies compare to experimental results to within 15%. The use of this numerical technique is illustrated by comparing it to an analytical solution for shell beam modes and an uncertainty in the analytical technique concerning the proper effective mass to use, is resolved.

Reponse Dynamique D'un Panneau Soumis a un Environnement Acoustique Reverberant

Science.gov (United States)

Nelisse, Hugues

1995-01-01

The present thesis deals with the problem of the dynamic response of a homeogenous flexible panel immersed in a reverberant field. This problem takes place in the framework of aerospace problems in which satellites substructures are submitted to high acoustic levels during the launchers lift-off. The thesis is divided in four main parts. The first one presents an integral formulation that allows to treat the case of a flexible panel placed in a rectangular room. A semi-analytical resolution is used to identify the two main physical unknowns of the problem, the acoustic pressure jump across the panel and the panel deflection. The second part is dedicated to the study of the notion of diffuse field. Through a bibliographic review, two indicators are used to characterize the sound field in the room and in the free field. Precise criterions related to the modal density of the room are discussed. Analysis and discussion on the conditions which allow the establishment of a diffuse field are also presented. In the third part, a theoretical formulation which allows to treat the problem of an unbaffled panel submitted to an acoustic excitation in the free field is presented. The singularity problem due to the use of the free-space Green's function is overcame by the use of a variational principle. A semi-analytical approach is used to solve the linear system of equations. Emphasis is put on the fact that the excitation is acoustic. The theory is validated with the help of an existing boundary element numerical code. The last part is first dedicated to a comparative study of the two developed approaches and to a phenomenological study. Studies of the effect of the structural damping on the panel vibrations are presented as well as analysis of some different approximations generally used in this type of problem.

Chernobyl. Answers to your questions; Tchernobyl. Des reponses a vos questions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

Fifteen years after the Chernobyl accident, this document takes stock on the existing information and enhance the elements which can be set with certainty. The accident is recalled and the environmental and biological effects are presented. (A.L.B.)

La plénitude de l'Univers

CERN Document Server

Bohm, David

1987-01-01

"Selon les calculs de Bohm, chaque centimètre cube d'espace vide contient plus d'énergie que ce qu'on pourrait trouver dans toute la matière de l'univers connu. L'univers entier, tel que nous le connaissons, n'est qu'une simple petite trace d'excitation quantifiée en forme de vague, une ride dans cet immense océan d'énergie cosmique. C'est cet arrière-plan énergétique caché qui engendre les projections tridimensionnelles constituant le monde phénoménal que nous percevons dans notre vie de tous les jours... " N'importe quel événement, objet ou entité, observable et descriptible, quel qu'il soit, est abstrait, d'un flux uni, indéfinissable et inconnu, le holomouvement... " David Bohm offre une nouvelle vision globale du monde qui représente une révision radicale de l'image de l'univers découlant de la science traditionnelle. Bien qu'inspiré à l'origine par les paradoxes de la physique quantique relativiste, son modèle offre de profondes implications concernant un vaste éventail de discipl...

Auto-organisation tridimensionnelle et proprietes optiques de multicouches de boites quantiques d'InAs/InP

Science.gov (United States)

Levesque, Annie

In this thesis, we study the growth of InAs(P)/InP(001) multilayers and the impact of their structure (spacer layer thickness, surface density, and island size) on the self-organization of the QDs and their optical properties. In particular, we have found a new strategy to obtain a large variety of island sizes and densities by perturbing the growth kinetics. We have also found a simple criterion to control the type of organization obtained. Finally, we have shown that the charge carriers are not transferred efficiently from the WL to the larger QDs and that the excitation of holes to the second heavy-hole levels is the dominant activated process leading to non-radiative recombination. We have shown that the island surface density has a major impact on the 3D organization type obtained, as opposed to the island size. Indeed, we have found that when increasing the H/D ratio between the thickness of the spacer layer H and the lateral distance D between the islands, we obtain a sequential appearance of the different self-organization regimes: vertical alignment, anti-alignment, and germination uncorrelated with the preceding layers. The transition between the aligned and the anti-aligned regimes occurs for a H/D value ranging between 0.3 and 0.4. This result can be generalized to a variety of material combinations (InGaAs/GaAs, Ge/Si and PbSe/PbEuTe). For thin spacer layers of less than 10 nm, the QDs are systematically vertically aligned in multilayers. Since the island size increases from one layer to the next, the strain in the InP barriers increases throughout the multilayer and their crystalline quality deteriorates. Under extreme conditions, we have even observed that some of the upper layers did not form or were incomplete, and that the number of layers that can form depends strongly on the nominal thickness of the spacer layer: one to two for H ≈ 3 nm, two to four for H ≈ 5 nm, and three to five for H ≈ 10 nm. Finally, we have studied the temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) spectra from multilayers of InAs/InP quantum dots with thin spacer layers, of nominal thickness ranging between 2.5 and 25 nm and emitting in the 0.6-0.8 eV spectral region. First, the emission from the QDs remains strong at 300 K: the integrated intensity is greater than 20% of the low temperature value. This is due to high energy confinement of charge carriers, which prevents their escape out of the QDs. We have observed that the temperature behavior of the sample luminescence differs as a function of the spectral range of emission. When the QDs emit at energies situated between 0.7 and 0.85 eV, the temperature induced redshift of the luminescence is close to that expected for a single QD. However, if a significant part of the spectrum lies at energies smaller than 0.7 eV, the temperature induced shift of the luminescence arising from a large ensemble of nanostructures is then smaller than that of an individual QD. This is due to the combination of two effects, that favor the emission from smaller islands: i) the charge carriers captured by the wetting layers are preferably transferred to the thinnest QDs, whose emission energy is higher than 0.7 eV; ii) the PL intensity coming from the thicker dots decreases rapidly with temperature, due to the proximity of the first excited heavy hole states, from which radiative recombination is forbidden with the electrons in the ground state. Both processes have been identified through the analysis of temperature-dependent PL measurements (between 10 and 300 K) using a rate-equation model that depends on QD size. The discrimination of the contributions to the spectra of each family of QDs of the same thickness is achieved through simple calculations of the carrier energy levels as a function of temperature (in the effective mass approximation). In addition, we have observed that increasing the number of periods in thin spacer multilayers (spacer thinner than ˜ 7 nm) changes the dynamics of charge carriers and leads to an increase of carrier transfers from the wetting layer to the QDs at low temperature. Finally, we have observed vertical coupling between islands of different planes only for spacer layers of nominal thickness smaller 3 nm. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

[Ophthalmological opinions for liability affairs material damage (Part I) (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Burggraf, H

1979-02-01

German law abides anyone reponsible for the damage he or she has caused to another person's property or corporal integrity. This includes all medical costs directed towards the restitution of health as well as economical damage in direct consequence of the corporal damage. An ophthalmological expert is to state his opinion therefore in accordance with the specific conditions of every individual case and not just according to general charts. Financial compensation is only granted for the actual results of damage inquestion. Prior damage and disability have to be remarked but not to justify a financial compensation. The question of smart-money is dealt with in Part II.

Franco-German nuclear cooperation: from the 'common product' to the first European pressurized water reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vignon, D.

1999-01-01

It has now been 10 years since Framatome and Siemens decided to collaborate on the design and sales of an advanced nuclear power plant (NPP) model based on pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology. Originally called the 'common product', this model was renamed the European pressurized water reactor when Electricite de France (EDF) and the German electric utilities joined this cooperative development effort in 1992. Since the beginning, this cooperation has been formalized in the framework of an agreement that led to the founding of a joint and equally owned subsidiary, Nucler Power International (NPI), which is reponsible for leading the development of the new model and later handling its export sales

Differential Reponses of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to mTOR Inhibition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aimin Yang

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Abnormal activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR signaling pathway has been observed in a variety of human cancers. Therefore, targeting of the mTOR pathway is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment and several mTOR inhibitors, including AZD8055 (AZD, a novel dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, are currently in clinical trials. Although bone marrow (BM suppression is one of the primary side effects of anticancer drugs, it is not known if pharmacological inhibition of dual mTORC1/2 affects BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs function and plasticity. Here we report that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 by AZD or its analogue (KU-63794 depletes mouse BM Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells in cultures via the induction of apoptotic cell death. Subsequent colony-forming unit (CFU assays revealed that inhibition of mTORC1/2 suppresses the clonogenic function of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, we found that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 markedly inhibits the growth of day-14 cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFCs but enhances the generation of day-35 CAFCs. Given the fact that day-14 and day-35 CAFCs are functional surrogates of HPCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, respectively, these results suggest that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 may have distinct effects on HPCs versus HSCs.

Social Reponsibility Attitudes and Practices of Companies: Hungary vs. Romania Crossborder Comparison

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian HATOS

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Within this article our goal is to underlineelements of the organizational/corporate cultureregarding the social responsibility attitudes andpractices of companies from the Romanian –Hungarian trans-border region, with a focus onpolicies regarding the environment and the involvementwithin the community. The researchhas been carried out within a European fundedproject concerning the establishment of a sustainabledevelopment business center (The surveycarried out within the project: ‘BHB – SustanaibleDevelopment Business Center’ contractHURO/1101/175/2.1.1. Data was collected viaface-to-face interviews conducted in 405 Romanianand Hungarian companies from a proportionalquotas sample.While for most items there were no signifi -cant differences recorded between the two countries,Romanian companies display a strongerconcern for waste management and the Hungarianones discuss more often with their neighboringcommunities critical common issues. Statisticalchecks performed largely reject the possibilitythat these differences are due to the dissimilarindustry structure of the two countries.

Self-destruction of three-dimensional modern paintings caused by untypical materials – finding conservation solutions.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katarzyna Mikstal

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to indicate the relation between matter and an idea within a work of art – three-dimensional painting which involves untypical and undurable techniques. The essay introduces the problem of retaining the idea throughout the proper preserving of the substance while taking considerable care of its authenticity and complying with the rules of restoration ethical code. The author suggests solutions for working with non-standard objects which are exposed to destruction to a much bigger extent than traditional, flateasel painting.Le but de cet article est de souligner la relation entre la matière et l’idée dans une oeuvre d'art – en particulier la peinture tridimensionnelle qui implique des techniques atypiques et non durables. L'étude met en évidence le problème de conserver l'idée lors de la préservation de la substance, en prenant veillant à l’authenticité et en respectant les règles déontologiques de la restauration. L'auteur suggère des solutions pour travailler sur ces objets échappant aux standards traditionnels, et exposés dans une plus grande mesure à la destruction qu’une peinture de chevalet bi-dimensionnelle.

Cotation de fabrication avec les normes ISO

CERN Document Server

Anselmetti, Bernard

2010-01-01

La cotation ISO en production impose de nouvelles méthodologies pour élaborer les documents de maîtrise de la qualité géométrique des produits : les dessins de phase, du brut et d'états intermédiaires pour la conformité des pièces et les fiches de production, de réglage, de contrôle et de surveillance pour la conformité des moyens de production. Une méthode de transfert unidirectionnelle simple permet d'établir des dessins de phase en normes ISO et d'optimiser la répartition des tolérances à isocapabilité. Cette cotation est déclinée en cotation d'état intermédiaire, de production et de réglage. Une méthode tridimensionnelle est proposée pour prendre en compte les effets des défauts angulaires. Une maquette montre les fonctionnalités envisageables pour les futurs outils d'aides au tolérancement de fabrication au sein de la CFAO. De nombreux exercices illustrent les différentes démarches. Ce Manuel de tolérancement est principalement destiné aux préparateurs méthodes et aux c...

Contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault : expérience et modélisation pour la conception et l'optimisation de capteurs

Science.gov (United States)

Bonnin, O.; Cahouet, J.; Giordano, P.

1993-03-01

more accurate comparison, for example on the crack depth, is difficult because of the uncertainty on the physical properties of the materials. Dans le cadre d'un projet industiel de conception et d'optimisation de capteurs pour la recherche de fissures par courants de Foucault sur les plate-formes de forage, on présente les études menées pour la modélisation du système. La simulation des phénomènes implique à priori une modélisation tridimensionnelle, certes précise, mais difficile et coûteuse. On cherche à en limiter le coût en combinant une modélisation bidimensionnelle en l'absence de défaut, et une modélisation tridimensionnelle locale en présence d'une fissure. Après avoir présenté le projet et l'étude expérimentale qui en découle, on décrit les techniques de modélisation qui ont été employées.

Seismic damping factors of small-bore piping as influenced by insulation and support elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Severud, L.K.; Anderson, M.J.; Barta, D.A.

1983-01-01

Seismic damping tests of a prototypical Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) small-bore piping system is described, and measured transient responses to pulse excitations are reported. The test specimen was representative of a typical LMFBR insulated small-bore piping system, and it was supported from a rigid test fame by prototypic dead-weight supports, mechanical snubbers, and pipe clamps. Various support configurations were tested to assess the reponse sensitivity to insulation and use of mechanical snubbers. Factors much higher than the magnitudes currently allowed in design, by the USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.61, were found. This verified the design values but also pointed out the possibility of undue conservatism and costly overdesign resulting from use of the present design values

FACOTRS TO DETERMINE RISK PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE, AND ATTITUDE TOWARD ADAPTATION POLICY OF THE PUBLIC

Science.gov (United States)

Baba, Kenshi; Sugimoto, Takuya; Kubota, Hiromi; Hijioka, Yasuaki; Tanaka, Mitsuru

This study clarifies the factors to determine risk perception of climate change and attitudes toward adaptation policy by analyzing the data collecting from Internet survey to the general public. The results indicate the followings: 1) more than 70% people perceive some sort of risk of climate change, and most people are awaken to wind and flood damage. 2) most people recognize that mitigation policy is much more important than adaptation policy, whereas most people assume to accept adaptation policy as self-reponsibility, 3) the significant factors to determinane risk perception of climate chage and attitude towerd adaptation policy are cognition of benefits on the policy and procedural justice in the policy process in addion to demographics such as gender, experience of disaster, intension of inhabitant.

UK Natural Analogue Co-Ordinating Group: first annual progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hooker, P.J.; Chapman, N.A.

1987-11-01

The British Geological Survey is reponsible for co-ordinating the Department of the Environment's programme of natural analogue studies of radionuclide migration, a research programme that involved both UK and overseas sites. Co-ordination is achieved through the UK Natural Analogue Co-ordinating Group (NACG) which was established in October 1986. It has met three times to date and its function is to ensure that the different research projects have an integrated purpose aimed at improving and applying our understanding of natural geochemical processes in a way that will increase our confidence in long-term modelling predictions. Improved modelling prediction of radionuclide transport in the geosphere will directly benefit the performance and safety assessments of proposed radioactive waste repositories. (author)

Study of the effect of the energy spectrum and of the total flux on the damage produced by neutrons in solids; Contribution a l'etude de l'influence du spectre et du flux integre sur les dommages crees par les neutrons dans les solides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dulieu, P C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-01-01

In the first part are studied the general relationships between the physical effects produced by neutrons in solids, and the total flux and neutron energy spectrum; some examples are given. The second part, describes the application to a silicon damage detector whose principle is to use the damage produced in a PIN Junction for measuring the neutron flux (intermediate and fast) received by the detector. Chapter I is devoted to the experimental determination of the energy given to the atoms by a primary in the silicon. The results and conclusions drawn from this determination make it possible to consider, in chapter II, the calculation of the detectors response characteristics.Chapter III deals with the measurement of the detectors response function and it is noted that good agreement is obtained between the calculation and experimental results. The whole of the second part constitutes a test of the methods presented in the first part. (author) [French] Dans la premiere partie, nous etudions les relations generales qui lient les effets physiques engendres par les neutrons dans les solides au flux integre et au spectre des neutrons et nous donnons des exemples d'utilisation. La deuxieme partie est une application au detecteur de dommages en silicium, dont le principe est d'utiliser les dommages crees dans une jonction PIN pour mesurer les flux de neutrons (intermediaires et rapides) recus par le detecteur. Le chapitre I est consacre a la determination experimentale de l'energie cedee aux atomes par un primaire dans le silicium. Les resultats et les conclusions que l'on peut tirer de cette determination permettent d'aborder, au chapitre II, le calcul de la fonction de reponse du detecteur. Le chapitre III porte sur la mesure de la fonction de reponse du detecteur et on constate qu'il y a un bon accord entre le calcul et l'experience. L'ensemble de la deuxieme partie constitue un test des methodes exposees dans la premiere partie. (auteur)

Study of the effect of the energy spectrum and of the total flux on the damage produced by neutrons in solids; Contribution a l'etude de l'influence du spectre et du flux integre sur les dommages crees par les neutrons dans les solides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dulieu, P.C. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-01-01

In the first part are studied the general relationships between the physical effects produced by neutrons in solids, and the total flux and neutron energy spectrum; some examples are given. The second part, describes the application to a silicon damage detector whose principle is to use the damage produced in a PIN Junction for measuring the neutron flux (intermediate and fast) received by the detector. Chapter I is devoted to the experimental determination of the energy given to the atoms by a primary in the silicon. The results and conclusions drawn from this determination make it possible to consider, in chapter II, the calculation of the detectors response characteristics.Chapter III deals with the measurement of the detectors response function and it is noted that good agreement is obtained between the calculation and experimental results. The whole of the second part constitutes a test of the methods presented in the first part. (author) [French] Dans la premiere partie, nous etudions les relations generales qui lient les effets physiques engendres par les neutrons dans les solides au flux integre et au spectre des neutrons et nous donnons des exemples d'utilisation. La deuxieme partie est une application au detecteur de dommages en silicium, dont le principe est d'utiliser les dommages crees dans une jonction PIN pour mesurer les flux de neutrons (intermediaires et rapides) recus par le detecteur. Le chapitre I est consacre a la determination experimentale de l'energie cedee aux atomes par un primaire dans le silicium. Les resultats et les conclusions que l'on peut tirer de cette determination permettent d'aborder, au chapitre II, le calcul de la fonction de reponse du detecteur. Le chapitre III porte sur la mesure de la fonction de reponse du detecteur et on constate qu'il y a un bon accord entre le calcul et l'experience. L'ensemble de la deuxieme partie constitue un test des methodes exposees dans la premiere partie

Direct digital control of furnaces irradiated in nuclear reactors; Surveillance et regulation multiplexee par calculateur numerique de fours irradies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joumard, R. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

An experimental direct digital control system has been realised in the 'C.E.N.G.', in order to verify that a computer makes easier the control of the experiments done in the nuclear reactors and to solve the theoretical and technical difficulties. The regulation is applied to thermal processes. The sampled data systems theory permits to choose the type of an efficient and simple digital compensator, and to establish a diagram which gives the values of the correcting parameters (obtained by minimizing the difference between the output and the input when perturbations occur). The programme execute, in simultaneity, supervision and regulation. Complex possibilities of printing out measures and alarms existed. The computer works out an incremental correction which makes step motors to turn. These motors act on the heating organs. The theoretical values and answers have been confirmed. The accuracy was limited essentially by the input quantification (1/1000 th). The comfort of such a system has been noticeable. (author) [French] Une installation de controle numerique direct fut realisee a titre experimental au C.E.N.G pour verifier qu'un ordinateur rendait plus aisee l'exploitation des experiences faites en pile nucleaire et pour degager les difficultes theoriques et techniques. La regulation s'applique a des processus thermiques. La theorie des systemes echantillonnes a permis de choisir un type de correcteur numerique simple et efficace et d'etablir un abaque qui donne les valeurs des parametres correcteurs minimisant les ecarts enregistres entre la reponse et la consigne en presence de perturbations. Le programme effectuait simultanement de la surveillance et de la regulation. Une restitution complexe des informations et des alarmes sur machine a ecrire etait possible. Le calculateur elaborait une correction incrementielle qui faisait tourner des moteurs pas a pas, lesquels commandaient les organes de puissance de chauffage. Les valeurs

Direct digital control of furnaces irradiated in nuclear reactors; Surveillance et regulation multiplexee par calculateur numerique de fours irradies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joumard, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

An experimental direct digital control system has been realised in the 'C.E.N.G.', in order to verify that a computer makes easier the control of the experiments done in the nuclear reactors and to solve the theoretical and technical difficulties. The regulation is applied to thermal processes. The sampled data systems theory permits to choose the type of an efficient and simple digital compensator, and to establish a diagram which gives the values of the correcting parameters (obtained by minimizing the difference between the output and the input when perturbations occur). The programme execute, in simultaneity, supervision and regulation. Complex possibilities of printing out measures and alarms existed. The computer works out an incremental correction which makes step motors to turn. These motors act on the heating organs. The theoretical values and answers have been confirmed. The accuracy was limited essentially by the input quantification (1/1000 th). The comfort of such a system has been noticeable. (author) [French] Une installation de controle numerique direct fut realisee a titre experimental au C.E.N.G pour verifier qu'un ordinateur rendait plus aisee l'exploitation des experiences faites en pile nucleaire et pour degager les difficultes theoriques et techniques. La regulation s'applique a des processus thermiques. La theorie des systemes echantillonnes a permis de choisir un type de correcteur numerique simple et efficace et d'etablir un abaque qui donne les valeurs des parametres correcteurs minimisant les ecarts enregistres entre la reponse et la consigne en presence de perturbations. Le programme effectuait simultanement de la surveillance et de la regulation. Une restitution complexe des informations et des alarmes sur machine a ecrire etait possible. Le calculateur elaborait une correction incrementielle qui faisait tourner des moteurs pas a pas, lesquels commandaient les organes de puissance de chauffage. Les valeurs et les reponses theoriques ont

A study on dynamic soil-nuclear structure interaction subjected to seismic loading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, In Mo; Kim, Yong Jin; Song, Tae Won

1989-01-01

The uncertainties of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) are studied in this paper. Among the various uncertainties, we concentrate on studying the random error and the systematic error of the DSSI. The one-dimensional theory, Elsabee-Morray theory and FEM method that can account for the effect of free field and scattering field, and the elastic half space analysis are used to get the reponses of structures as well as the input ground motions. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) The responses of structures obtained by the one-dimensional theoy are mostlu larger than those obtained by the FEM method because of scattering field effect. 2) The responses of structures obtained by the direct method are larger than those obtained by the half space analysis. (Author)

Models for inflation with a low supersymmetry-breaking scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Binetruy, P.; California Univ., Santa Barbara; Mahajan, S.; California Univ., Berkeley

1986-01-01

We present models where the same scalar field is reponsible for inflation and for the breaking of supersymmetry. The scale of supersymmetry breaking is related to the slope of the potential in the plateau region described by the scalar field during the slow rollover, and the gravitino mass can therefore be kept as small as Msub(W), the mass of the weak gauge boson. We show that such a result is stable under radiative corrections. We describe the inflationary scenario corresponding to the simplest of these models and show that no major problem arises, except for a violation of the thermal constraint (stabilization of the field in the plateau region at high temperature). We discuss the possibility of introducing a second scalar field to satisfy this constraint. (orig.)

Y-Scaling in a simple quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumano, S.; Moniz, E.J.

1988-01-01

A simple quark model is used to define a nuclear pair model, that is, two composite hadrons interacting only through quark interchange and bound in an overall potential. An ''equivalent'' hadron model is developed, displaying an effective hadron-hadron interaction which is strongly repulsive. We compare the effective hadron model results with the exact quark model observables in the kinematic region of large momentum transfer, small energy transfer. The nucleon reponse function in this y-scaling region is, within the traditional frame work sensitive to the nucleon momentum distribution at large momentum. We find a surprizingly small effect of hadron substructure. Furthermore, we find in our model that a simple parametrization of modified hadron size in the bound state, motivated by the bound quark momentum distribution, is not a useful way to correlate different observables

Distribution-free Inference of Zero-inated Binomial Data for Longitudinal Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

He, H; Wang, W J; Hu, J; Gallop, R; Crits-Christoph, P; Xia, Y L

2015-10-01

Count reponses with structural zeros are very common in medical and psychosocial research, especially in alcohol and HIV research, and the zero-inflated poisson (ZIP) and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models are widely used for modeling such outcomes. However, as alcohol drinking outcomes such as days of drinkings are counts within a given period, their distributions are bounded above by an upper limit (total days in the period) and thus inherently follow a binomial or zero-inflated binomial (ZIB) distribution, rather than a Poisson or zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution, in the presence of structural zeros. In this paper, we develop a new semiparametric approach for modeling zero-inflated binomial (ZIB)-like count responses for cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. We illustrate this approach with both simulated and real study data.

Requirements of office air conditioners. Pt. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radtke, W

1988-01-01

New building designs and experiences gained in the past are reponsible for the considerable changes the requirements of air conditioners have gone through in recent years. Details are given on an exemplary air conditioning system designed for the Colonia Insurances building complex located in the city of Cologne. The ventilation requirements and hygienic conditions set out for air conditioned rooms call for outside air supplies, the careful selection of air intakes, and the filtering of intake air. Details are given on the efficiency and limits of combined natural window ventilation/artificial ventilation systems, the influence of window types, and the influence of building structures. The pressure conditions to be expected for larger building complexes in the case of natural ventilation should be assessed with the help of models put to wind tunnel tests.

Contribution to the study of aerosol photometers, application to the measurement of filter efficiency; Contribution a l'etude des photometres a aerosols, application a la mesure de l'efficacite des filtres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Billard, F; Hadelaine, G

1968-01-01

The measurement of the quantity of diffused light by particulates in suspension in a gas allows to determine the concentration and the size of an aerosol. The aim of this work is to check the answer of the usual photometer in the laboratories, the Phoenix-Sinclair and the Royco-230. The minimum diameter of the particulates detected by these photometers is about 0.3 microns. [French] La mesure de la quantite de lumiere diffusee par des particules en suspension dans un gaz permet de determiner la concentration et les dimensions d'un aerosol. Le but de ce travail est de verifier la reponse du photometres d'usage courant dans les laboratoires, le Phoenix-Sinclair et le Royco-230. Le diametre minimum des particules detectees par ces photometres est d'environ 0, 3 microns. (auteurs)

Biodiversity of Arctic marine ecosystems and responses to climate change

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Michel, C.; Bluhm, B.; Gallucci, V.

2012-01-01

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing major changes in many of its fundamental physical constituents, from a shift from multi- to first-year ice, shorter ice-covered periods, increasing freshwater runoff and surface stratification, to warming and alteration in the distribution of water masses....... These changes have important impacts on the chemical and biological processes that are at the root of marine food webs, influencing their structure, function and biodiversity. Here we summarise current knowledge on the biodiversity of Arctic marine ecosystems and provide an overview of fundamental factors...... that structure ecosystem biodiversity in the Arctic Ocean. We also discuss climateassociated effects on the biodiversity of Arctic marine ecosystems and discuss implications for the functioning of Arctic marine food webs. Based on the complexity and regional character of Arctic ecosystem reponses...

Egalisation adaptative et non invasive de la reponse temps-frequence d'une petite salle

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Tristan

In this research, we are interested in sound, environment wherein it propagates, the interaction between the sound wave and a transmission channel, and the changes induced by the components of an audio chain. The specific context studied is that of listening to music on loudspeakers. For the environment in which sound wave propagates, like for any transmission channel, there are mathematical functions used to characterize the changes induced by a channel on the signal therethrough. An electric signal serves as a input for a system, in this case consisting of an amplifier, a loudspeaker, and the room where the listening takes place, which according to its characteristics, returns as an output at the listening position, an altered sound wave. Frequency response, impulse response, transfer function, the mathematics used are no different from those used commonly for the characterization of a transmission channel or the expression of the outputs of a linear system to its inputs. Naturally, there is a purpose to this modeling exercise: getting the frequency response of the amplifier/loundspeaker/room chain makes possible its equalization. It is common in many contexts of listening to find a filter inserted into the audio chain between the source (Eg CD player) and the amplifier/loudspeaker that converts the electrical signal to an acoustic signal propagated in the room. This filter, called "equalizer" is intended to compensate the frequency effect of the components of the audio chain and the room on the sound signal that will be transmitted. Properties for designing this filter are derived from those of the audio chain. Although analytically rigorous, physical approach, focusing on physical modeling of the loudspeaker and the propagation equation of the acoustic wave is ill-suited to rooms with complex geometry and changing over time. The second approach, experimental modeling, and therefore that addressed in this work, ignores physical properties. The system audio chain is rather seen as a "black box" including inputs and outputs. The problem studied is the characterization of an electro-acoustic system as having a single input signal transmitted through a speaker in a room, and a single output signal picked up by a microphone at the listening position. The originality of this work lies not only in the technique developed to arrive at this characterization, but especially in the constraints imposed in order to get there. The majority of technics documented to this date involve using excitation signals dedicated the measure; signals with favorable characteristics to simplify the calculation of the impulse response of the audio chain. Known signals are played through a loudspeaker and the room's response to excitation is captured with a microphone at the listening position. The measurement exercise itself poses problem, especially when there is an audience in the room. Also, the response of the room may change between the time of the measurement and time of listening. If the room is reconfigured for example, a curtain is pulled or the stage moved. In the case of a theater, the speaker used may vary depending on the context. A survey of work in which solutions to this problem are suggested was made. The main objective is to develop an innovative method to capture the impulse response of an audio chain without the knowledge of the audience. To do this, no signal dedicated to the measurement should be used. The developed method allows the capture of the electro-acoustic impulse response exploiting only the music signals when it comes to a concert hall or using a movie sound track when a movie is a movie theater. As a result, an algorithm for modeling dynamicly and continuously the response of a room. A finite impulse response filter acting as a digital equalizer must be designed and also able to dynamically adapt the behavior of the room, even when it varies over time. A multi spectral resolution method is used to build, for diffrent frequency bands, the filter response arising from the inversion of the room/speaker frequency response. The resulting dynamically adapting filter has properties similar to those of the human ear, a significant spectral-resolution in lower frequencies, and high time-resolution at high frequencies. The response corrected by the filter system tends approaching to a pure pulse. Techniques explored in the context of this research led to the publication of a scientific article in a peer reviewed journal and one conference paper in which similar methods were used for mining engineering applications. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Questions answers renewable energies (02/08/99); Questions reponses energies renouvelables (02/08/99)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

This document collected some questions about the use of renewable energies sources in the domain of the financial and technical assistance of the customer by EDF (photovoltaic cells or wind turbines for residential houses) and for electrification of independent sites which are not connected to EDF power grid. (A.L.B.)

3D MR gel dosimetry with lung equivalent gel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scherer, J.; Solleder, M.; Schiessl, I.; Bogner, L.; Herbst, M.

1998-01-01

The MR gel dosimetry is used to verify complex 3D treatment plans. Till now this method served only for dose evaluation in homogeneous phantoms. On the way to build a heterogeneous anthropomorphic gel phantom, a lung equivalent gel with the density 0.4 g/cm 3 was developed. First experiments show a 1.55 times higher dose reponse in the low density gel (LD gel). The comparison of a dose distribution in a gel/LD gel/gel slab phantom with Monte Carlo calculations shows good agreement within 5%. More over the accuray of the measuring device magnetic resonance imager was studied in respect to the now exclusive digital image processing with the software MRD (MR dosimetry). Because of the dimensions of the Fricke gel phantom an artefact correction, based on the data from the unirradiated phantom proved to be essential. (orig.) [de

Application of new fast-electronic techniques to the determination of the exact moment of particle detection; Application des techniques nouvelles de l'electronique rapide a la determination de l'instant precis de detection d'une particule

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hesse, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-06-01

Fluctuations in the time response of photomultipliers employed in scintillation counting are studied and experimentally checked. Statistical measurements of the output pulses show that the relative variance of the time fluctuations is minimum for the portion located around the bending point of the leading edge. A shaping circuit using this property is described. Experimental results are given, showing an improvement of the resolving time. (author) [French] Les fluctuations de la reponse temporelle des photomultiplicateurs, utilises dans les detecteurs a scintillations, sont etudiees et mesurees experimentalement. L'etude statistique des signaux de sortie montre que les fluctuations en temps presentent une variance relative minimale pour la region situee autour du point d'inflexion du front de montee. Un circuit de mise en forme utilisant cette propriete est decrit. Des resultats experimentaux sont donnes; ils montrent une amelioration sensible du pouvoir de resolution. (auteur)

Some results on the fluorescence of gases excited by high-energy charged particles; Quelques resultats concernant la fluorescence de gaz excites par des particules chargees de grande energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koch, L; Lesureur, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

The essential characteristics of rare gases for use as scintillators are as follows: a very brief period of luminescence, generally less than 10{sup -8} s; a linear response as a function of the energy lost by the nuclear particle in the gas, even in the case of strongly ionising particles (fission fragments). In the gaseous or condensed state therefore, they are of great interest in nuclear physics. (author) [French] Les caracteristiques essentielles des gaz rares en tant que scintillateurs sont: une duree de luminescence tres breve, inferieure a 10{sup -8} s en general; une reponse lineaire en fonction de l'energie perdue par la particule nucleaire dans le gaz, meme dans le cas de particules fortement ionisantes (fragments de fission). A l'etat gazeux ou condense, ils presentent donc un grand interet en physique nucleaire. (auteur)

Attenuated heart rate response in REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sorensen, Gertrud Laura; Kempfner, Jacob; Zoetmulder, Marielle

2012-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with Parkinson's disease with and without rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder and patients with idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder have an attenuated heart rate response to arousals or to leg movements during...... sleep compared with healthy controls. Fourteen and 16 Parkinson's patients with and without rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder, respectively, 11 idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder patients, and 17 control subjects underwent 1 night of polysomnography. The heart rate response...... associated with arousal or leg movement from all sleep stages was analyzed from 10 heartbeats before the onset of the sleep event to 15 heartbeats following onset of the sleep event. The heart rate reponse to arousals was significantly lower in both parkinsonian groups compared with the control group...

Chemical aspects of pellet-cladding interaction in light water reactor fuel elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olander, D.R.

1982-01-01

In contrast to the extensive literature on the mechanical aspects of pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) in light water reactor fuel elements, the chemical features of this phenomenon are so poorly understood that there is still disagreement concerning the chemical agent responsible. Since the earliest work by Rosenbaum, Davies and Pon, laboratory and in-reactor experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of PCI fuel rod failures have concentrated almost exclusively on iodine. The assumption that this is the reponsible chemical agent is contained in models of PCI which have been constructed for incorporation into fuel performance codes. The evidence implicating iodine is circumstantial, being based primarily upon the volatility and significant fission yield of this element and on the microstructural similarity of the failed Zircaloy specimens exposed to iodine in laboratory stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests to cladding failures by PCI

Leptomeningeal Cells Transduce Peripheral Macrophages Inflammatory Signal to Microglia in Reponse to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yicong Liu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We report here that the leptomeningeal cells transduce inflammatory signals from peripheral macrophages to brain-resident microglia in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g. LPS. The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, and inducible NO synthase was mainly detected in the gingival macrophages of chronic periodontitis patients. In in vitro studies, P.g. LPS induced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β from THP-1 human monocyte-like cell line and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Surprisingly, the mean mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in leptomeningeal cells after treatment with the conditioned medium from P.g. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly higher than those after treatment with P.g. LPS alone. Furthermore, the mean mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in microglia after treatment with the conditioned medium from P.g. LPS-stimulated leptomeningeal cells were significantly higher than those after P.g. LPS alone. These observations suggest that leptomeninges serve as an important route for transducing inflammatory signals from macrophages to microglia by secretion of proinflammatory mediators during chronic periodontitis. Moreover, propolis significantly reduced the P.g. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1 β production by leptomeningeal cells through inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Together with the inhibitory effect on microglial activation, propolis may be beneficial in preventing neuroinflammation during chronic periodontitis.

Growth reponses of eggplant and soybean seedlings to mechanical stress in greenhouse and outdoor environments

Science.gov (United States)

Latimer, J. G.; Pappas, T.; Mitchell, C. A.

1986-01-01

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum 'Burpee's Black Beauty') and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Wells II'] seedlings were assigned to a greenhouse or a windless or windy outdoor environment. Plants within each environment received either periodic seismic (shaking) or thigmic (flexing or rubbing) treatment, or were left undisturbed. Productivity (dry weight) and dimensional (leaf area and stem length) growth parameters generally were reduced more by mechanical stress in the greenhouse (soybean) or outdoor-windless environment (eggplant) than in the outdoor windy environment. Outdoor exposure enhanced both stem and leaf specific weights, whereas mechanical stress enhanced only leaf specific weight. Although both forms of controlled mechanical stress tended to reduce node and internode diameters of soybean, outdoor exposure increased stem diameter.

A clear link connecting the troposphere and ionosphere: ionospheric reponses to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Jian; Yao, Yibin; Xu, Yahui; Kuo, Chungyen; Zhang, Liang; Liu, Lei; Zhai, Changzhi

2017-09-01

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) sequences were used to capture the arrival time and location of the ionosphere disturbances in response to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan. After removing the de-trended TEC variation, the clear ionosphere disturbances on the typhoon landing day could be distinguished, and these disturbances disappeared from the TEC sequences before and after the typhoon landing day. The foF2 data observed by Xiamen ionosonde station also show ionosphere disturbances. Based on the advantages of GNSS multi-point observations, the disturbances horizontal velocity in the ionosphere were estimated according to the linear theory for a dispersion relation of acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) in an isothermal atmosphere. The average horizontal velocity (˜ 240 m/s) and the radial velocity (˜ 287 m/s) were used in the two-dimensional grid search for the origin point on the Earth's surface. The origin area was determined to be on the eastern side of Taiwan. Lastly, a possible physical mechanism is discussed in this study. When typhoons land on Taiwan, the severe convective storms and the drag effect from the Central Mountains create an ideal location for development of AGWs. Topographic conditions, like the high lapse rate, contribute to the formation of AGWs, which then propagates into the ionosphere altitude.

Time resolved bovine host reponse to virulence factors mapped in milk by selected reaction monitoring

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bislev, Stine Lønnerup; Kusebauch, Ulrike; Codrea, Marius Cosmin

. In this study, we present a sensitive selected reaction monitoring (SRM) proteomics approach, targeting proteins suggested to play key roles in the bovine host response to mastitis. 17 biomarker candidates related to inflammatory response and mastitis were selected. The 17 candidate proteins were quantified......TIME RESOLVED BOVINE HOST RESPONSE TO VIRULENCE FACTORS, MAPPED IN MILK BY SELECTED REACTION MONITORING S.L. Bislev1, U. Kusebauch2, M.C. Codrea1, R. Moritz2, C.M. Røntved1, E. Bendixen1 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; 2...... Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA Mastitis is beyond doubt the largest health problem in modern milk production. Many different pathogens can cause infections in the mammary gland, and give rise to severe toll on animal welfare, economic gain as well as on excessive use of antibiotics...

[Nursing care in fluorescein angiography].

Science.gov (United States)

Santos-Blanco, Feliciano

2008-01-01

Fluoresceinic angiography of the ocular fundus is a diagnostic technique to study retinal and choroidal circulation. This technique consists of parenteral administration of 500 mg of sodium fluorescein 10% and photographing the fluorescence in the eye vessels. Although this substance is fairly safe, it may also produce mild, moderate or severe local and/or general adverse reactions. The nursing process is routinely used in hospital units but not always in outpatient clinics, even through the use of invasive procedures with intravenous medication administration is common. Therefore, nurses, as those reponsible for intravenous administration, should use the nursing process to guarantee the quality of care required by the patient. To do this, we describe an individualized care plan based on evaluation by Marjorie Gordon's functional health patterns, NANDA's nursing diagnoses Taxonomy II, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) and potential complications of the procedure.

A study of switch circuits for use as safety devices in nuclear reactors; Etude de circuits de commutation destines a la securite des reacteurs nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hantcherian, V [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-12-15

The author reviews briefly a few basic assemblies using electromagnetic relays for safety circuits in nuclear reactors; he then studies the use of static relays with a shorter time of response, based on impedance changes in a self-inductance consisting of a coil with a magnetic core having a rectangular hysteresis cycle. The author examines in particular the way in which it functions and the method of determining the parameters. (author) [French] L'auteur apres avoir examine sommairement en revue quelques montages de base des circuits de securite des reacteurs nucleaires utilisant des relais electromecaniques, etudie l'emploi des relais statiques a plus grande vitesse de reponse bases sur la variation d'impedance que presente une self-inductance realisee a l'aide d'une bobine enroulee autour d'un noyau magnetique a cycle d'hysteresis rectangulaire. En particulier, il en examine le mode de fonctionnement et la determination des parametres. (auteur)

The behaviour of iodine in the terrestrial environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christiansen, J.V.

1990-02-01

Literature on the geochemistry of iodine is surveyed, focusing on fundamental chemical aspects which influence the migration behaviour of iodine in the terrestrial environment. It is stated that the organic fraction in soil plays the predominant role in the retention of iodine. Simple aromatic molecules serve as simple models for humic acid, and humic acid is iodinated catalyzed by haloperoxidases. The enzymatically controlled iodination of humic acid is described in detail and it is demonstrated that the results may reflect a kind of equilibrium. It is shown that soil extracts are able to catalyze the iodination of humic acid and it is suggested that extracellular peroxidases in soil are reponsible for the reaction. The enzymatically controlled iodination of humic acid is discussed and some considerations about the influence on the migration of iodine in the terrestrial environment are given. (author) 4 tabs., 26 ills., 82 refs

Design and application of finite impulse response digital filters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, T.R.; Sampathkumaran, K.S.

1982-01-01

The finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter is a spatial domain filter with a frequency domain representation. The theory of the FIR filter is presented and techniques are described for designing FIR filters with known frequency response characteristics. Rational design principles are emphasized based on characterization of the imaging system using the modulation transfer function and physical properties of the imaged objects. Bandpass, Wiener, and low-pass filters were designed and applied to 201 Tl myocardial images. The bandpass filter eliminates low-frequency image components that represent background activity and high-frequency components due to noise. The Wiener, or minimum mean square error filter 'sharpens' the image while also reducing noise. The Wiener filter illustrates the power of the FIR technique to design filters with any desired frequency reponse. The low-pass filter, while of relative limited use, is presented to compare it with a popular elementary 'smoothing' filter. (orig.)

Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices Regarding the Role of Executive Functions in Reading and Arithmetic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shirley Rapoport

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The current study investigated early elementary school teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding the role of Executive Functions in reading and arithmetic. A new research questionnaire was developed and judged by professionals in the academia and the field. Reponses were obtained from 144 teachers from Israel. Factor analysis divided the questionnaire into three valid and reliable subscales, reflecting (1 beliefs regarding the contribution of executive functions to reading and arithmetic, (2 pedagogical practices, and (3 a connection between the cognitive mechanisms of reading and arithmetic. Findings indicate that teachers believe executive functions affect students’ performance in reading and arithmetic. These beliefs were also correlated with pedagogical practices. Additionally, special education teachers’ scored higher on the different subscales compared to general education teachers. These findings shed light on the way teachers perceive the cognitive foundations of reading and arithmetic and indicate to which extent these perceptions guide their teaching practices.

An investigation of the reduction of carbon dioxide in a silent electric discharge

Science.gov (United States)

Luce, R. S.; Greenough, B. (Editor)

1978-01-01

The reduction of CO2 to O2 and CO in a silent electric discharge was studied. It was found that current alone (in the ionized plasma induced by the silent electric discharge) was reponsible for the CO2 reduction process. Voltage and frequency were important only in so far as they induced current in the plasma. Pressure and temperature were of minimum influence in the process. The large power consumption in the process was recognized as resulting from the low power factor of the reactor vessel which electrically behaved like a capacitor. The power factor was subsequently improved by adding an inductive element to make the reactor vessel capacitance part of a resonant circuit. It was found that the CO2 reduction process was most efficient in terms of power vs reduction rate when a voltage was employed that was only slightly higher than that needed to induce the plasma.

Cranial irradiation for cerebral and nasopharyngeal tumours in children: evidence for the production of a hypothalmic defect in growth hormone release

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blacklay, A.; Grossman, A.; Ross, R.J.M.; Savage, M.O.; Davies, P.S.W.; Plowman, P.N.; Besser, G.M.; Coy, D.H.

1986-01-01

A synthetic 29-amino acid analogue of human pancreatic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29)NH 2 ) has recently been shown to stimulate the release of GH in normal subjects. The authors have studied the GH reponse to GHRH(1-29)NH 2 in nine children irradiated for brain and nasopharyngeal tumours, who were not growing and were deficient in GH as assessed by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Serum GH rose in response to GHRH(1-29)NH 2 in all the children, and in five the peak serum GH response was > 20 mu./1. The data suggest that when hypothalamo-pituitary irradiation results in GH deficiency, this is due to a failure of the synthesis or delivery of endogenous GHRH from the hypothalamus to the pituitary cells. It also suggests that it may be possible to treat such children using synthetic GHRH in place of exogenous GH. (author)

Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices Regarding the Role of Executive Functions in Reading and Arithmetic

Science.gov (United States)

Rapoport, Shirley; Rubinsten, Orly; Katzir, Tami

2016-01-01

The current study investigated early elementary school teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding the role of Executive Functions (EFs) in reading and arithmetic. A new research questionnaire was developed and judged by professionals in the academia and the field. Reponses were obtained from 144 teachers from Israel. Factor analysis divided the questionnaire into three valid and reliable subscales, reflecting (1) beliefs regarding the contribution of EFs to reading and arithmetic, (2) pedagogical practices, and (3) a connection between the cognitive mechanisms of reading and arithmetic. Findings indicate that teachers believe EFs affect students’ performance in reading and arithmetic. These beliefs were also correlated with pedagogical practices. Additionally, special education teachers’ scored higher on the different subscales compared to general education teachers. These findings shed light on the way teachers perceive the cognitive foundations of reading and arithmetic and indicate to which extent these perceptions guide their teaching practices. PMID:27799917

Teachers' Beliefs and Practices Regarding the Role of Executive Functions in Reading and Arithmetic.

Science.gov (United States)

Rapoport, Shirley; Rubinsten, Orly; Katzir, Tami

2016-01-01

The current study investigated early elementary school teachers' beliefs and practices regarding the role of Executive Functions (EFs) in reading and arithmetic. A new research questionnaire was developed and judged by professionals in the academia and the field. Reponses were obtained from 144 teachers from Israel. Factor analysis divided the questionnaire into three valid and reliable subscales, reflecting (1) beliefs regarding the contribution of EFs to reading and arithmetic, (2) pedagogical practices, and (3) a connection between the cognitive mechanisms of reading and arithmetic. Findings indicate that teachers believe EFs affect students' performance in reading and arithmetic. These beliefs were also correlated with pedagogical practices. Additionally, special education teachers' scored higher on the different subscales compared to general education teachers. These findings shed light on the way teachers perceive the cognitive foundations of reading and arithmetic and indicate to which extent these perceptions guide their teaching practices.

French hospital response to an emergency radioactive situation; Reponse des hopitaux francais a une dissemination radionucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Telion, C.; Carli, P. [SAMU de Paris, Dept. Anesthesie et Reanimation Hopital Necker Enfants Madades, 75 - Paris (France)

2006-07-15

Anticipating exceptional risks and training to deal with serious and violent events which are given massive media coverage is a very real challenge for hospital staff, and one that AP-HP decided to face. The R*53 exercise involved dealing with radiation contaminated victims requiring organisation of a specific, protected care circuit within the hospital. It was designed as a pedagogical exercise as part of a collective learning process with the aim of providing data which could be used as the basis for subsequent training. (authors)

Sustainable Architecture in the Context of Education: Reponses of Primary School Teachers on the Topical Subject

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cencič Majda

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The concept of sustainability and a sustainable and ecological development are common debate topics in today’s society. This paper discusses the concept of sustainability in green building with regard to schools. The research was conducted on a representative sample of primary school teachers, focusing on some of their opinions on green building. We asked them which aspect of building they favoured and how often they asked themselves certain questions about the school they taught in. Furthermore, we were interested to see whether we would find age-related differences. To this end, teachers were divided into two groups, namely, teachers of up to 35 years of age and teachers over 35. We were surprised to find that teachers over 35 had a more positive attitude towards green building in schools compared to their younger colleagues. Based on the results, we came to a conclusion that the topics pertaining to ecology and sustainable development are neglected in today’s education. However, making them part of school curriculum is not enough, as the opinions and attitudes of teachers on sustainable and ecological issues also have an important impact on the subject-matter itself.

Response of hematopoietic stem cells to ionizing radiation; Reponse des cellules souches hematopoitiques aux radiations ionisantes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simonnet, A

2008-12-15

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood and immune system throughout life and restore them after hematological injuries. Exposure of an organism to ionizing radiation (IR) causes rapid and acute myelosuppression and challenges the replenishment capacity of HSCs. Yet, the precise damages that are generated remain largely unexplored. To better understand these effects, phenotypic and functional changes in the stem/progenitor compartments of sublethally irradiated mice were monitored over a ten week period after radiation exposure. We report that shortly after sublethal IR-exposure, HSCs, defined by their repopulating ability, still segregate in the Hoechst dye excluding side population (SP); yet, their Sca-1 (S) and c-Kit (K) expression levels are increased and severely reduced, respectively, with a concurrent increase in the proportion of SP{sup SK} cells positive for established indicators of HSC presence: CD150{sup +} and CD105{sup +}. A great proportion of HSCs quickly but transiently enter the cell cycle to replenish the bone marrow of myelo-ablated mice. Ten weeks after, whereas bone marrow cellularity has recovered and hematopoietic homeostasis is restored, major phenotypic modifications can be observed within the Lin{sup -/low} Sca-1{sup +} c-Kit{sup +} (LSK) stem/progenitor compartment: CD150{sup +}/Flk2{sup -} and CD150{sup -}/Flk2{sup +} LSK cell frequencies are increased and dramatically reduced, respectively. CD150{sup +} LSK cells also show impaired reconstitution capacity, accrued number of {gamma}-H2AX foci and increased tendency to apoptosis. This demonstrates that the LSK compartment is not properly restored 10 weeks after sublethal exposure, and that long-term IR-induced injury to the bone marrow proceeds, at least partially, through direct damage to the stem cell pool. Thrombopoietin (TPO) has been shown to promote the survival of lethally irradiated mice when administrated quickly after exposure. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this effect, and found in a competitive transplant experiment that a single TPO administration rescued the IR-impaired reconstitution capacity of HSCs early after exposure. In addition, the use of marrow cells from transgenic ubiquitous luciferase-expressing donors combined with bioluminescence imaging technology provided a valuable strategy that allowed visualizing HSC homing of TPO-treated compared to untreated irradiated donors, and enabled the identification of a preferential cellular expansion sites which were inaccessible to investigation in most studies. Finally, we observed that TPO injection right after irradiation considerably attenuates IR-induced long-term injury to the stem/progenitor compartment. Altogether, these data provide novel insights in the cellular response of HSC to IR and the beneficial effects of TPO administration to these cells. (author)

The reponse of epilithic diatom assemblages to sewage pollution in mountain streams of the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Moravcová, A.; Rauch, Ota; Lukavský, Jaromír; Nedbalová, Linda

2013-01-01

Roč. 146, č. 2 (2013), s. 153-166 ISSN 2032-3913 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : epilitic diatoms * mountain streams * sewage polllution Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 0.960, year: 2013

Stabilized power constant alimentation; Alimentation regulee a puissance constante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roussel, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-06-01

The study and realization of a stabilized power alimentation variable from 5 to 100 watts are described. In order to realize a constant power drift of Lithium compensated diodes, we have searched a 1 per cent precision of regulation and a response time minus than 1 sec. Recent components like Hall multiplicator and integrated amplifiers give this possibility and it is easy to use permutable circuits. (author) [French] On decrit l'etude et la realisation d'une alimentation a puissance constante reglable dans une gamme de 5 a 100 watts. Prevue pour le drift a puissance constante des diodes compensees au lithium, l'etude a ete menee en vue d'obtenir une precision de regulation de 1 pour cent et un temps de reponse inferieur a la seconde. Des systemes recents tels que multiplicateurs a effet Hall et circuits integres ont permis d'atteindre ce but tout en facilitant l'emploi de modules interchangeables. (auteur)

Systematic Analysis of Icotinib Treatment for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Bing; Zhang, Xiu-Bing; Xu, Jian; Huang, Xin-En

2015-01-01

This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotinib based regimens in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of icotinib-based regimens with regard to response and safety for patients with NSCLC were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rates of treatment were calculated. With icotinib-based regimens, 7 clinical studies which including 5,985 Chinese patients with NSCLC were considered eligible for inclusion. The pooled analysis suggested that, in all patients, the positive reponse rate was 30.1% (1,803/5,985) with icotinib-based regimens. Mild skin itching, rashes and diarrhea were the main side effects. No grade III or IV renal or liver toxicity was observed. No treatment-related death occurred in patients treated with icotinib-based regimens. This evidence based analysis suggests that icotinib based regimens are associated with mild response rate and acceptable toxicity for treating Chinese patients with NSCLC.

The influence of excess vacancy generation on the diffusion of ion implanted phosphorus into silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakowski, A.

1985-01-01

The diffusion of ion implanted phosphorus in silicon has been studied. It was found that the diffusion coefficient is not only dependent on the phosphorus surface concentration (the concentration effect) but also on the conditions at the silicon surface (the surface effect). The phosphorus diffusion coefficient is considerably lower when the silicon surface during annealing is covered with a CVD oxide layer. It is suggested that excess vacancies generated at the surface are reponsible for both the concentration and surface effects. Enhanced phosphorus diffusion is attributed to the disturbance of thermodynamic equilibrium in the crystal through phosphorus-vacancy part formation by vacancies introduced into silicon at the surface. On the basis of the data presented, it can be concluded that two mechanisms for excess vacancy generation are involved. Assuming that phosphorus diffuses via E-centers, calculations of the concentration profiles and the diffusion coefficient were performed for different concentrations and surface conditions. (orig.)

Perceptions of gender equality in work-life balance, salary, promotion, and harassment: results of the NASPGHAN task force survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomer, Gitit; Xanthakos, Stavra; Kim, Sandra; Rao, Meenakshi; Book, Linda; Litman, Heather J; Fishman, Laurie N

2015-04-01

Gender equality in the workplace has not been described in pediatric gastroenterology. An electronic survey that explored perceptions of career parity, work-life balance, and workplace harassment was sent to all members of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Reponses were anonymous. Of the 303 respondents (21%), there was an even distribution across geographic region, age, and gender (54% men). Gender affected perception of salary and promotion; 46% of men but only 9% of women feel that "women earn the same as men" (P work-life balance for either gender. Overall, women are more likely to be dissatisfied with work-life balance than men (P = 0.046). Satisfaction with work-life balance is lower among women versus men pediatric gastroenterologists, but does not correlate with flexibility of spouse's job or caring for young children. Gender-divergent perception of promotion, parity of compensation, and mentoring requires further investigation.

Etude de la mesure du paramètre alpha dans le cadre de la violation de la symétrie CP à l'aide du canal $B_{d}^{0} \\to \\pi^{+} \\pi^{-}\\pi^{0}$ dans l'expérience LHCb

CERN Document Server

Robert, Arnaud

2005-01-01

L'analyse temporelle du correlogramme de Dalitz du canal a trois corps Bd en pi+ pi- pi0 conduit a l'extraction de l'un des parametres definissant la violation de la symetrie CP dans le Modele Standard Electrofaible, l'angle alpha, exempte d'ambiguites discretes entre 0 et pi. Elle permet, entre autres, d'acceder independamment aux valeurs des principaux parametres QCD regissant la desintegration. La contrepartie experimentale repose cependant sur une statistique de signal suffisamment pure et importante et une maitrise precise de la phenomenologie associee. Combines a un rapport d'embranchement de l'ordre de 2.10^{-5}, ces deux arguments justifient a eux seuls le caractere non trivial d'une telle analyse dans l'environnement hadronique de l'experience dediee LHCb. A partir de la reponse simulee du detecteur, et en particulier des performances du calorimetre electromagnetique, cette these montre l'interet essentiel de la reconstruction specifique des pions neutres tres energiques et la necessite d'introduire ...

Classically dynamical behaviour of a nucleon in heavy nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu Jianzhong; Zhao Enguang; Zong Hongshi; Zhuo Yizhong; Wu Xizhen

1998-01-01

Within the framework of the two-center shell model the classically dynamical behaviour of a nucleon in heavy nuclei is investigated systematically with the change of nuclear shape parameters for the first time. It is found that as long as the nucleonic energy 0is appreciably higher than the height of the potential barrier there is a good quantum-classical correspondence of nucleonic regular (chaotic) motion. Thus, Bohigas, Giannoni and Schmit conjecture is confirmed once again. We find that the difference between the potential barrier for prolate nuclei and that for oblate ones is reponsible for the energy-dependence difference between the nucleonic chaotic dynamics for prolate nuclei and that for oblate ones. In addition, it is suggested that nuclear dissipation is shape-dependent, and strong nuclear dissipation can be expected for medium or large separations in the presence of a considerable neck deformation built on a pronounced octupole-like deformation, which provides us a dynamical understanding of nuclear shape dependence of nuclear dissipation. (orig.)

Irradiation effects on low-friction coatings for LMFBR applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ward, A.L.; Johnson, R.N.; Guthrie, G.L.; Aungst, R.C.

1975-11-01

A variety of wear-resistant low-friction materials has been irradiated in the EBR-II in order to assess their reponse to LMFBR environments. Pre- and postirradiation testing and examination efforts have concentrated on candidate materials for application to the wear pads on FTR ducts (fuel, control, and reflector assemblies), and a significant result has been qualification of a proprietary detonation-gun-applied chromium carbide coating which employs a Ni Cr binder. Additional materials such as Inconel-718, Haynes-273, aluminides, and various chromium carbide/binder combinations, and other application processes such as plasma-spray, weld-overlays, diffusion bonding and explosive bonding, have also been studied. The most detailed examinations were conducted on selected chromium carbide coatings and included visual inspection, weight and dimensional measurements, metallography, electron microprobe, epoxy-lift-off, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Chromium carbide coatings applied by the detonation-gun process have demonstrated a marked superiority to those applied by plasma-spray techniques

IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYAN JASA RUMAH SAKIT SELASIH TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

rizky natassia

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This research is intended to measure hospitalized patients' satisfaction toward dimension of Selasih Hospital service quality. It covers realibility, reponsiveness, assurance, emphaty, and tangibility. The researcher used close questions in collecting the primary data. She collected the data by using non probability sampling through convenience sampling. There were 170 patients taken as samples, they were divided into three classes; I, II and III. The used method of analysis is; the importance performance analysis, it is acknowledged that laboratorium check-up, doctor visit, immediate treatment; accurate and immediate check-up result, ineffective sophisticated equipment are not satisfactory to the customers. To ease these problems, the hospital management is expected to enhance medical staff competence and knowledge. The doctors, nurses and staffs commitment should also be enhanced so that they will always serve the patients well without distiguishing their classes. At last but not least, this hospital is suggested to cooperate with other hospitals which have adequate equipments.

L'argument Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR) paradoxe, alternative et demonstration

CERN Document Server

Roussel, P

2003-01-01

En physique quantique, l'absence d'observation d'etats de superposition ne devrait etre une surprise pour personne, que les objets soient microscopiques ou macroscopiques. Cela n'en etait pas une pour Schroedinger. L'experience de pensee "du chat" parmi bien d'autres arguments le montre clairement. On ne doit pas aujourd'hui lui faire dire le contraire. L'article EPR (A.Einstein, B.Podolsky,N.Rosen, ecrit en 1935), qui est a l'origine de l'intervention de Schroedinger et du developpement d'une problematique qui se prolonge jusqu'a aujourd'hui, est analyse. Avec Schroedinger, Bohr, Wigner et jusqu'a aujourd'hui, la reponse a EPR a ete le recours renouvele a l'observateur finalement caracterise par sa conscience. Deux elements nouveaux sont apparus: d'une part un developpement experimental et theorique impressionnant avec l'optique quantique et les manipulations d'atomes, d'autre part la proposition du concept de decoherence susceptible d'expliquer le passage du microscopique au macroscopique et par la d'apport...

Stabilized power constant alimentation; Alimentation regulee a puissance constante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roussel, L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-06-01

The study and realization of a stabilized power alimentation variable from 5 to 100 watts are described. In order to realize a constant power drift of Lithium compensated diodes, we have searched a 1 per cent precision of regulation and a response time minus than 1 sec. Recent components like Hall multiplicator and integrated amplifiers give this possibility and it is easy to use permutable circuits. (author) [French] On decrit l'etude et la realisation d'une alimentation a puissance constante reglable dans une gamme de 5 a 100 watts. Prevue pour le drift a puissance constante des diodes compensees au lithium, l'etude a ete menee en vue d'obtenir une precision de regulation de 1 pour cent et un temps de reponse inferieur a la seconde. Des systemes recents tels que multiplicateurs a effet Hall et circuits integres ont permis d'atteindre ce but tout en facilitant l'emploi de modules interchangeables. (auteur)

[Level of Development of Clinical Ethics Consultation in Psychiatry - Results of a Survey Among Psychiatric Acute Clinics and Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals].

Science.gov (United States)

Gather, Jakov; Kaufmann, Sarah; Otte, Ina; Juckel, Georg; Schildmann, Jan; Vollmann, Jochen

2018-04-17

The aim of this article is to assess the level of development of clinical ethics consultation in psychiatric institutions in North Rhine-Westphalia. Survey among medical directors, directors of nursing and administrative directors of all psychiatric acute clinics and forensic psychiatric hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia. 113 persons working in psychiatric acute clinics responded (reponse rate: 48 %) and 13 persons working in forensic psychiatric hospitals (response rate 54 %). We received at least one response from 89 % of all psychiatric acute clinics and from 100 % of all forensic psychiatric hospitals. 90 % of the responding psychiatric acute clinics and 29 % of the responding forensic psychiatric hospitals have already implemented clinical ethics consultation. Clinical ethics consultation is more widespread in psychiatric institutions than was hitherto assumed. Future medical ethics research should therefore give greater attention to the methodology and the quality of clinical ethics consultation in psychiatric practice. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Analysis of Servant and Transformational Leadership on Corporate Social Reponsibility at Gereja Kalvari Pentakosta Missi Di Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Pangemanan, Sifrid S.; Saerang, David P.E; Rau, Theodorus Vincent

2015-01-01

Servant leadership and Transformational leadership are a leadership styles that must be owned by the present leaders. In this study, leadership style (servant leadership and transformational leadership) become the keys for investigating the corporate social responsibility in church. The aim is to examine the impact servant leadership and transformational leadership for the succeed of corporate social responsibility. The population of this research is all pastors of GKPMI. And the sample is 8 ...

Elaboration de nouvelles approches micromecaniques pour l'optimisation des performances mecaniques des materiaux heterogenes

Science.gov (United States)

Aboutajeddine, Ahmed

donner de bons resultats. Finalement, ce modele de Mori-Tanaka corrige est utilise avec les operateurs de Hill pour construire un modele de transition d'echelle pour les materiaux ayant une interphase elastoplastique. La loi de comportement effective trouvee est de nature incrementale et elle est conjuguee a la relation de la plasticite de l'interphase. Des simulations d'essais mecaniques pour plusieurs proprietes de l'interphase plastique a permis de dresser des profils de l'enrobage octroyant un meilleur comportement au materiau.

Focus: The elusive icon: Einstein, 1905-2005 - Introduction

Science.gov (United States)

Galison, Peter

2004-12-01

As Einstein's portrait comes increasingly to resemble an icon, we lose more than detail - his writings and actions lose all reference. This is as true for his physics as it is for his philosophy and his politics; the best of recent work aims to remove Einstein's interventions from the abstract sphere of Delphic pronouncements and to insert them in the stream of real events, real arguments. Politically, this means attending to McCarthyism, Paul Robeson, the Arab-Israeli conflict. Philosophically, it means tying his concerns, for example, to late nineteenth-century neo-Kantian debates and to his own struggles inside science. And where physics is concerned, it means attending both in the narrow to his reponses to others' work and his reactions to this own sometimes misfired early work on, for example, general relativity and to the wider context of technological developments. Einstein remains and will remain a magnet for historians, philosophers, and scientists; the essays assembled here represent a strong sampling - but only a sampling - of a fascinating new generation of work on this perennial figure.

Analysis of prestressed concrete wall segments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koziak, B.D.P.; Murray, D.W.

1979-06-01

An iterative numerical technique for analysing the biaxial response of reinforced and prestressed concrete wall segments subject to combinations of prestressing, creep, temperature and live loads is presented. Two concrete constitutive relations are available for this analysis. The first is a uniaxially bilinear model with a tension cut-off. The second is a nonlinear biaxial relation incorporating equivalent uniaxial strains to remove the Poissons's ratio effect under biaxial loading. Predictions from both the bilinear and nonlinear model are compared with observations from experimental wall segments tested in tension. The nonlinear model results are shown to be close to those of the test segments, while the bilinear results are good up to cracking. Further comparisons are made between the nonlinear analysis using constant membrane force-moment ratios, constant membrane force-curvature ratios, and a nonlinear finite difference analysis of a test containment structure. Neither nonlinear analysis could predict the reponse of every wall segment within the structure, but the constant membrane force-moment analysis provided lower bound results. (author)

Studies on immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in vivo: whole-body irradiation has no effect on vaccine-induced resistance in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vignali, D.A.A.; Bickle, Q.D.; Taylor, M.G.

1988-01-01

Actively immunized mice, whole-body irradiated with 650 or 525 rad., manifested comparable levels of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni compared with unirradiated, immunized mice in spite of a marked reduction in circulating leucocytes and platelets, and despite an abrogation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) (Type IV) reponse to schistosomular antigens. However, limited histopathological comparison of lung sections from irradiated and unirradiated mice 7 days post-challenge showed that cellular reactions ('foci') around parasites were similar in size and cellular composition except that in irradiated mice, eosinophils were poorly represented both in the foci and in lung tissue in general. Neither presumed immune complex-mediated (Type III, Arthus reaction) hypersensitivity nor serum anti-schistosomulum extract antibody levels were affected. The pattern of 125 I-labelled schistosomular surface antigens immunoprecipitated with serum from irradiated and unirradiated mice was essentially similar. These results are consistent with antibody playing an important role in vaccine-induced immunity in mice but suggest that radiosensitive T cell function and radiosensitive cells, such as platelets and polymorphonuclear cells, including eosinophils, may not be essential. (author)

La Junta de Información en Madrid para las reformas en Las Antillas, 1866

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Dolores Domingo Acebrón

2002-04-01

Full Text Available The Junta de Information organised in 1866 by the Spanish authorities brought together in Madrid official representatives and people from the Antilles to discuss an essential topic: the situation of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Their complaints and petitions were specific, leaving no doubt as to what Cubans and Puerto Ricans desired. They wished for, on the one hand, the abolition of slavery, and on the other, greater political freedom: in sum, a series of social, economic and political reforms. In reponse, the Spanish authorities displayed an inflexible and intransigent disposition, which did not help the understanding between Antillas and the Spanish. The Spanish authorities responded by increasing direct taxes and rejecting the abolition of customs. On the political front, Spain maintained its extreme defense of the «statu quo». The commissioners from the Antilles found confirmed in Madrid the metropolis's lack of interest towards Cuban and Puerto Rican problems. The situation became irreversible once the independence movement had begun, wiht the objective of achieving freedom from Spanish colonialism.

Multiple sclerosis and positive lyme serology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Aurélio Lana-Peixoto

1994-12-01

Full Text Available As Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB may clinically mimick multiple sclerosis (MS the presence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in serum of patients with a MS-like disease in non-edemic areas for Lyme disease may be troublesome. We report the case of a 45-year-old white female with the diagnosis of relapsing/ remitting form of MS due to a 15-year history of optic neuritis and recurrent episodes of motor and sensation disturbance in the upper right limb and in both lower extremites associated with bladder dysfunction. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple high intensity periventricular white matter lesions. The patient had been exposed to ticks but did not recall the presence of erythema migrans. ELISA for Lyme disease was positive in two different laboratories and the positive serology was confirmed by Western blotting. No convincing reponse followed treatment with ceftriaxone. Although it is clear that the patient had been infect by Borrelia burgdorferi the relationship of this spirochetal infection with the neurological disease could not be ascertained.

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI KAWASAN KUTA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PARIWISATA BALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Wayan Suar dana

2012-11-01

Full Text Available According to convention, tourism sector is public sector, that is aman area, but a women area is domestic sector. Based on tourismdevelopment in Bali, there are many jobs opportunity that can beentered by woman community. This research investigates theinvolvement of women in tourism object in Kuta region as analternative for improving their social, cultural and economic statusand roles in societies. Findings indicate that women have beeninvolved, to a certain extent, in Kuta region. There were twodifferent groups of women who were involved i.e. high stratumand mid and lower stratum. The formmer was actively involvedin any kinds of activities including decision making as they werethe owners of the attractions. The latter, although has beeninvolved, was pasive. The respondents mostly consider thatbeing involved in tourism destinations means that they have morepower in society and family. They believed that economicallythey were advantageous as they can contribute to the running ofthe family budget. Culturally, it was believed that by beinginvolved they had more reponsibility in preserving local culture oridentity.

Psychometric properties of Spector’s job satisfaction survey in the Iranian population

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Akbar Akbaritabar

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Job satisfaction is one of the important variables in the evaluation of work health. Job satisfaction survey developed by Paul Spector to measure this variable in job settings. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Spector’s Job Satisfaction (JSS Survey in Iran.Materials and Methods: In this study, Spector’s questionnaire was translated in Persian languge. A sample of 415 employees in Kerman (Iran hospitals participated in this study and filled out the questionnaires. Results: Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis showed appropriate item-total correlations for subscales and a good total scale internal consistency. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA identified 6 factors in participants’ reponses which could explain 65.44 percent of the total variance altogether.Conclusion: EFA identified dimensions of pay, promotion, supervision, coworkers, nature of work, and communication. These findings showed that JSS has a good construct validity and internal consistency. Persian translation of JSS is a reliable and valid measure to assess job satisfaction in Iran

The effect of total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation during childhood and adolescence on growth and endocrine function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leiper, A.D.; Stanhope, R.; Lau, T.; Grant, D.B.; Blacklock, H.; Chessells, J.M.; Plowman, P.N.

1987-01-01

Seventeen children with acute leukaemia and myeloproliferative disorders were investigated for growth and endocrine dysfunction. All had undergone bone marrow transplantation prepared with cyclophosphamide and single fraction total body irradiation (900-1000 cGy) between 1.5 and 3.8 (mean 2.2) years previously. The majority exhibited growth failure, of multiple aetiology. Ten patients, of whom eight had had previous prophylactic cranial irradiation, had evidence of growth hormone deficiency based on reduced growth hormone reponse to insulin induced hypoglycaemia. Three had evidence of hypothalamic damage. Gonadal failure was common. All four girls of adolescent age (10.6-14.1 years) had ovarian failure requiring sex steroid replacement. Of eight boys of adolescent age (12.3-18.3 years), two had testicular failure requiring sex steroid supplements. Both had had previous testicular irradiation. Five others had compensated gonadal failure; one had normal Leydig cell function. Abnormalities of the TSH response to TRH occurred in 10 patients but only three had overt hypothyroidism. Unlike growth hormone deficiency, gonadal and thyroid dysfunction showed no correlation with previous cranial radiotherapy. (author)

3-D modeling of parietal liquid films in internal combustion engines; Modelisation tridimensionnelle des films liquides parietaux dans les moteurs a combustion interne

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Foucart, H

1998-12-11

To simulate the air-fuel mixing in the intake ports and cylinder of an internal combustion engines, a wall fuel liquid film model has been developed for integration in 3D CFD codes. Phenomena taken into account include wall film formation by an impinging spray without splashing effect, film transport such as governed by mass and momentum equations with hot wall effects, and evaporation considering energy equation with an analytical mass transfer formulation developed here. A continuous-fluid method is used to describe the wall film over a three dimensional complex surface. The basic approximation is that of a laminar incompressible boundary layer; the liquid film equations are written in an integral form and solved by a first-order ALE finite volume scheme; the equation system is closed without coefficient fitting requirements. The model has been implemented in a Multi-Block version of KIVA-II (KMB) and tested against problems having theoretical solutions. Then in a first step, it has been compared to the measurements obtained in a cylindrical pipe reproducing the main characteristics of SI engine intake pipe flow and in a second step, it has been compared to the Xiong experiment concerning the film evaporation on a hot wall. The film behaviour is satisfactory reproduced by the computations for a set of operating conditions. Finally, engine calculations were conducted showing the importance of including a liquid film model for the simulations. (author) 54 refs.

Modelling of ratchetting with the Chaboche elastoplastic model modified by Burlet and Cailletaud; Modelisation des phenomenes de deformation progressive par le modele elastoplastique de Chaboche modifie par Burlet et Cailletaud

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geyer, P

1994-01-01

A fine modelling of the material`s behaviour can be necessary to study the mechanical strength of nuclear power plant`s components under cyclic loads. The modelling of cyclic plasticity made great progress during the past 20 years. Ratchetting is one of the last phenomena for which numerical models have to be improved. We give in this document a state of the art report on research in this field. We notably show the basically different character of ratchetting in uniaxial and biaxial loading tests, usually distinguished as 1D and 2D ratchetting. On the basis of this overview, we selected the kinematic hardening formulation proposed by Burlet and Cailletaud, which we coupled with the Chaboche elastoplastic model with two non linear kinematic hardening variables to improve the modelling of 2D ratchetting. We use the experimental results on the austenitic steel 316L at 20 and 300 deg C under uniaxial loadings (low cycle fatigue) and biaxial loadings (traction-torsion) to study the new model capabilities. We get a good modelling of ratchetting in biaxial loadings. The model has been installed in the ASTER code under the name of UBRLET. It now has to be qualified by component analysis calculations. (author). 25 refs., 30 figs., 11 tabs., 3 annexes.

Modeling of the response under radiation of electronic dosemeters; Modelisations de la reponse sous rayonnements de dosimetres electroniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menard, S. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses (France)

2003-07-01

The simulation with with calculation codes the interactions and the transport of primary and secondary radiations in the detectors allows to reduce the number of developed prototypes and the number of experiments under radiation. The simulation makes possible the determination of the response of the instrument for exposure configurations more extended that these ones of references radiations produced in laboratories. The M.C.N.P.X. allows to transport, over the photons, electrons and neutrons, the charged particles heavier than the electrons and to simulate the radiation - matter interactions for a certain number of particles. The present paper aims to present the interest of the use of the M.C.N.P.X. code in the study, research and evaluation phases of the instrumentation necessary to the dosimetry monitoring. To do that the presentation gives the results of the modeling of a prototype of a equivalent tissue proportional counter (C.P.E.T.) and of the C.R.A.M.A.L. ( radiation protection apparatus marketed by the Eurisys Mesures society). (N.C.)

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between feather pecking and open-field reponse in laying hens at two different ages

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rodenburg, T.B.; Buitenhuis, A.J.; Ask, B.; Uitdehaag, K.A.; Koene, P.; Poel, van der J.J.; Arendonk, van J.A.M.; Bovenhuis, H.

2004-01-01

The object of this research was to study the relationship between feather pecking and open-field activity in laying hens at two different ages. A population of 550 birds of a laying hen cross was subjected to an open-field test at 5 and 29 weeks of age and to a social feather pecking test at 6 and

New regulations, combustion, environment: responses for natural gas; Nouvelles reglementations, combustion, environnement: les reponses pour le gaz naturel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Peltier-Marc, A. [Gaz de France (GDF), 75 - Paris (France). Direction Commerciale

1997-12-31

The impacts of the new French regulations concerning low- to medium-power combustion equipment with regards to their energy sources, energy efficiency and pollution control, on natural gas fired boilers, are discussed: lower pollutant emission limits are set for SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and ashes. The decree gives new regulations concerning plant location, combustion control systems, plant monitoring and maintenance, and air pollution control measures such as chimney stack height and emission limits. The French national gas utility promotes environmental high performance boilers

Forced response of turbomachinery part span shrouds-linked blading; Reponse forcee des aubages de turbomachines liaisonnes par nageoires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ravoux, J.

2003-06-15

This work treats of the design of blading systems fitted with part span shrouds (snubber) for turbo-machineries. The first chapter makes a status of the existing calculation techniques for blading systems. The second chapter presents the experimental system developed for the study, the different implementations of its exploitation and its potentialities. The third chapter presents the numerical and experimental results linked with a linear approach: this approach allows the validation of the experimental system and the adjustment of numerical models. The fourth chapter sets up and validates the numerical and experimental tools and techniques linked with the exhaustive exploitation of the system. Finally, a synthesis of the main results is presented with their perspectives for future works. (J.S.)

Soybean root growth and crop yield in reponse to liming at the beginning of a no-tillage system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Analyzing the soil near crop roots may reveal limitations to growth and yield even in a no-tillage system. The purpose of the present study was to relate the chemical and physical properties of soil under a no-tillage system to soybean root growth and plant yield after five years of use of different types of limestone and forms of application. A clayey Oxisol received application of dolomitic and calcitic limestones and their 1:1 combination in two forms: surface application, maintained on the soil surface; and incorporated, applied on the surface and incorporated mechanically. Soil physical properties (resistance to mechanical penetration, soil bulk density and soil aggregation, soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable cations, H+Al, and cation exchange capacity and plant parameters (root growth system, soybean grain yield, and oat dry matter production were evaluated five years after setting up the experiment. Incorporation of lime neutralized exchangeable Al up to a depth of 20 cm without affecting the soil physical properties. The soybean root system reached depths of 40 cm or more with incorporated limestone, increasing grain yield an average of 31 % in relation to surface application, which limited the effect of lime up to a depth of 5 cm and root growth up to 20 cm. It was concluded that incorporation of limestone at the beginning of a no-tillage system ensures a favorable environment for root growth and soybean yield, while this intervention does not show long-term effects on soil physical properties under no-tillage. This suggests that there is resilience in the physical properties evaluated.

Effects of D2-dopamine and alfa-adrenoceptor antagonists in stress induced changes on immune reponsiveness of mice

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fišerová, Anna; Starec, M.; Kuldová, M.; Kovářů, H.; Páv, M.; Vannucci, Luca; Pospíšil, Miloslav

2002-01-01

Roč. 130, - (2002), s. 55-65 ISSN 0165-5728 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA310/98/0347; GA ČR GV312/98/K034; GA ČR GA304/01/0850 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5020903 Keywords : restraint stress * cytokine * nk cell Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 3.577, year: 2002

Les fluctuations supraconductrices dans le compose praseodyme-cerium-oxyde de cuivre

Science.gov (United States)

Renaud, Jacques

Ce travail etudie les fluctuations supraconductrices dans le compose supraconducteur a haute temperature critique dope aux electrons Pr2-xCe xCuO4+delta. La technique utilisee pour sonder ces fluctuations est le transport electrique DC dans le plan ab. Il s'agit, a notre connaissance, de la premiere etude de ce type dans la classe generale des supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique dopes aux electrons et, plus particulierement, dans Pr2-xCe xCuO4+delta. De plus, l'etude est effectuee pour trois regimes de dopage, soit sous-dope x = 0.135, dopage optimal x = 0.15 et surdope x = 0.17. Les echantillons etudies sont des couches minces d'epaisseur plus grande que 100 nm crues par ablation laser. Les mesures electriques DC effectuees dans ce travail sont la resistance en reponse lineaire et les courbes IV en reponse non lineaire en fonction de la temperature. La mise en oeuvre experimentale de ces mesures a necessite une grande attention au filtrage et aux effets de chauffage a haut courant. Nous montrons que, sans cette attention, les donnees experimentales sont toujours erronees dans le regime pertinent pour nos echantillons. Les resultats pour le dopage optimal x = 0.15 sont expliques de facon tres convaincante dans le cadre de fluctuations purement 2D. D'abord, le regime des fluctuations gaussiennes est tres bien decrit par le modele d'Aslamazov-Larkin en deux dimensions. Ensuite, le regime de fluctuations critiques, se trouvant a plus basse temperature que le regime gaussien, est tres bien decrit par la physique 2D de Kosterlitz-Thouless. Dans cette analyse, les deux regimes ont des temperatures critiques coherentes entre elles, ce qui semble confirmer ce scenario 2D. Une analyse des donnees dans le cadre de fluctuations 3D est exploree mais donne des conclusions incoherentes. Les resultats pour les autres dopages sont qualitativement equivalents avec le dopage optimal et permettent donc une explication purement 2D. Par contre, contrairement au dopage optimal

Space synthesis: an application of synthesis method to two and three dimensional multigroup neutron diffusion equations; Synthese spatiale: une application de la methode de synthese aux equations de diffusion neutronique multigroupe a deux et trois dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nguyen-Ngoc, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

In order to reduce computing time, two and three-dimensional multigroup neutron diffusion equations in cylindrical, rectangular (X, Y), (X, Y, Z) and hexagonal geometries are solved by the method of synthesis using an appropriate variational principle (stationary principle). The basic idea is to reduce the number of independent variables by constructing two or three-dimensional solutions from solutions of fewer variables, hence the name 'synthesis method'. Whatever the geometry, we are led to solve a system of ordinary differential equations with matrix coefficients to which one can apply well-known numerical methods: CHEBYSHEV's polynomial method, Gaussian elimination. Numerical results furnished by synthesis programs written for the IBM 7094, the IBM 360-75 and the CDC 6600 computers, are confronted with those which are given by programs employing the classical finite difference method. [French] En vue de reduire le-temps de calcul, les equations de diffusion neutronique, multigroupe, a deux et trois dimensions d'espace dans les geometries cylindrique, rectangulaire (X, Y), (X, Y, Z) et hexagonale sont resolues par la methode de synthese utilisant un principe variationnel approprie (principe stationnaire). L'idee consiste a reduire le nombre de variables independantes par construction d'une solution bi ou tridimensionnelle au moyen de solutions dependant d'un nombre inferieur de variables, d'ou le nom de la methode. Dans tous les cas de geometrie, nous sommes conduits a resoudre un systeme d'equations differentielles a coefficients matriciels auquel peuvent s'appliquer les methodes numeriques courantes; methode polynomiale de TCHEBYCHEFF et methode d'elimination de GAUSS. Les resultats numeriques obtenus par nos codes de synthese programmes sur IBM 7094, IBM 360-75 et CDC 6600, sont confrontes avec ceux que fournissent les programmes adoptant la methode classique des differences finies. (auteur)

La cartographie tridimensionnelle animée et interactive comme outil pour faire vivre l'histoire, les territoires et les chemins de mémoire

OpenAIRE

Bontems , Thierry

2016-01-01

International audience; The current geopolitical events point out us a sad truth, the history is a perpetual restarting. This set of themes largely approached in philosophy, that it is by authors like Thucydide or more recently by Kant places us vis-a-vis an unquestionable reality, how to build a “space of the memory” accessible to all and from “not to forget everywhere”The advent of digital, new technologies open spaces of creations and reflections infinite on this subject. Since 2010, the c...

The Impulse Response of an Exponential Assembly; Reponse d'un Assemblage Exponentiel aux Impulsions; Impul'snaya kharakteristika ehksponentsial'noj sborki; Respuesta de un Conjunto Exponencial a los Impulsos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uhrig, R. E. [University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

1964-04-15

-neutron pulse has been demonstrated experimentally in 1962 at the University of Florida using a pulsed-neutron source and a ''Thermalizer box''. However, the method used for the experiments reported here was the cross correlation between the pseudo-random binary (off-on) variation of source strength and the resulting variation of neutron density in the exponential assembly. Data are given for experiments carried out on both light- and heavy-water moderated assemblies using natural uranium. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical relations derived and the physical phenomena taking place. The validity of the derived relationships and the need for considering higher harmonics for various arrangements of fuel and moderator are discussed briefly. (author) [French] En utilisant la theorie de la diffusion et les approximations habituelles, l'auteur a etabli une fonction de transfert dependant de l'espace d'un assemblage exponentiel a geometrie rectangulaire, l'origine etant au milieu de l'un des cotes ou la source de neutrons est placee. Si Ton neglige le facteur de correction final, on obtient l'expression suivante: G (x, y, z, s) = ({Delta}#Greek Phi Symbol#(x, y, z, s))/{Delta}S (o, o, o, o, s) = 2/abD {sup {infinity}}{Sigma}{sub m} {sub =} {sub 1} {sup {infinity}}{Sigma}{sub n} {sub =} {sub 1} 1/({rho}{sub mn}(s) cos (m{pi}x)/a cos (n{pi}y)/b e{sup -{rho}}mn{sup (s)Z} (1) dans laquelle {rho}{sub mn}{sup (s)} = [s/(VD) + B{sup 2}{sub Up-Tack mn} - B{sup 2}{sub m}]{sup 1/2} = [s/VD - {gamma}{sup 2}{sub mn}]{sup 1/2} (2) L'inverse de la transformee de Laplace de l'equation (1) donne comme fonction de reponse aux impulsions dependant de l'espace (fonction de Green) g (x, y, z, t) = 2/ab Square-Root v/{pi}D 1/ Square-Root t e{sup -z{sup 2/4}} {sup VDt} {sup {infinity}}{Sigma}{sub m} {sub =} {sub 1} {sup {infinity}}{Sigma}{sub n} {sub =} {sub 1} cos m{pi}x/a cos n{pi}y/b e{sup -VD{gamma}{sup 2mn{sup t}}} (3) Si l'on considere uniquement les termes de l'equation (3) sans

A new sensitive technique for study of radiation effects in amino acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thwaites, D.I.; Buchan, G.; Ettinger, K.V.; Mallard, J.R.; Takavar, A.

1976-01-01

A new technique for the study of radiation induced free radicals in amino acids based on their reactions when untrapped by dissolution in water is reported. The light emission or lyoluminescence response of various amino acids to gamma radiation ( 60 Co) measured 4 hr after irradiation are shown. The sensitivities vary over three orders of magnitude, but there is little or no correlation between the lyoluminescent response and the structural type of amino acid. Dose-reponse curves indicate that the useful range extends from a few krad to a few hundred krad. Methods of extending the lower limits are discussed. Storage of irradiated material over a period of 4 months at 20 0 C showed changes of the order of 10%. Exposure to daylight has no effect on the light yield of amino acids. It is stated that the lyoluminescence technique is more sensitive than ESR in detecting radiation effects in amino acids. Lyoluminescence of irradiated proteins, RNA and DNA, has been observed. It appears that the new method may be particularly useful in providing information on the nature and magnitude of direct radiation damage in biologically important compounds and find applications in radiation dosimetry. (U.K.)

Immunomodulatory effects of supercritical fluid CO2 extracts from freeze-dried powder of Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

QingFeng TANG

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract In order to take full advantage of Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm resources, the supercritical CO2 fluid freeze-dried powder of T. molitor larvae (fdTML extraction on the immune systems of mice was carried out. The results about the effects of supercritical CO2 fluid fdTML extraction on carbon expurgation and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages experiments of mice indicated that the fdTML extraction enhanced observably carbon expurgatory index, phagocytic rate and phagocytic index. The fdTML extraction could stimulate response of delayed hypersensitivity. The proliferation of ConA-induced mitogenic reponse for spleen lymphocyte was also increased. The amount of hemolytic antibody in mice serum increased compared with those of the control group mice. The half of hemolysis values in serum of treated mice increased compared to the control group. Furthermore, serum NO content in all treatment groups was higher than that of the control group whereas acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly higher relative to the control group. Our findings suggest that supercritical CO2 fluid the fdTML extraction has potential as a health food supplement.

Evaluation of treatment response for breast cancer: are we entering the era of "biological complete remission"?

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Li Bian; Tao Wang; Yi Liu; Hui-Qiang Zhang; Jin-Jie Song; Shao-Hua Zhang; Shi-Kai Wu; San-Tai Song; Ze-Fei Jiang

2012-01-01

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women.The post-operative recurrence and metastasis are the leading causes of breast cancer-related mortality.In this study,we tried to explore the role of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection combination PET/CT technology evaluating the prognosis and treatment response of patients with breast cancer; meanwhile,we attempted to assess the concept of "biological complete remission" (bCR) in this regard.A 56-year-old patient with breast cancer (T2N1M1,stage Ⅳ left breast cancer,with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and lungs) received 6 cycles of salvage treatment with albumin-bound paclitaxel plus capecitabine and trastuzumab.Then,she underwent CTC detection and PET/CT for efficacy evaluation.CTC detection combination PET/CT is useful for the evaluation of the biological efficacy of therapies for breast cancer.The bCR of the patient appeared earlier than the conventional clinical imaging complete remission and promised the histological (pathological) complete remission.The integrated application of the concepts including bCR,imageological CR,and histological CR can achieve the early and accurate assessment of biological therapeutic reponse and prognosis of breast cancer.

Predicting phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science

Science.gov (United States)

Pau, Stephanie; Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Davies, T. Jonathan; Kraft, Nathan J.B.; Bolmgren, Kjell; Betancourt, Julio L.; Cleland, Elsa E.

2011-01-01

Forecasting how species and ecosystems will respond to climate change has been a major aim of ecology in recent years. Much of this research has focused on phenology — the timing of life-history events. Phenology has well-demonstrated links to climate, from genetic to landscape scales; yet our ability to explain and predict variation in phenology across species, habitats and time remains poor. Here, we outline how merging approaches from ecology, climate science and evolutionary biology can advance research on phenological responses to climate variability. Using insight into seasonal and interannual climate variability combined with niche theory and community phylogenetics, we develop a predictive approach for species' reponses to changing climate. Our approach predicts that species occupying higher latitudes or the early growing season should be most sensitive to climate and have the most phylogenetically conserved phenologies. We further predict that temperate species will respond to climate change by shifting in time, while tropical species will respond by shifting space, or by evolving. Although we focus here on plant phenology, our approach is broadly applicable to ecological research of plant responses to climate variability.

The role of cognitive style in the stress and coping of black South African adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

van Rooyen, Melinda; Naude, Luzelle; Nel, Lindi; Esterhuyse, Karel

2014-12-01

Although stress is a common phenomenon in all phases of life, it can be said that adolescence is a particularly stressful life stage. In South Africa, black adolescents are faced with many stressors and challenges which are placing demands on their emotional and cognitive resources. The aim of this study was to determine whether black South African adolescents with different cognitive styles (i.e. rational or experiential) differ in their levels of stress and coping. Furthermore, the common stressors that black adolescents experience and the coping styles predominantly used by black adolescents could be determined. One hundred and eighty-seven participants (88 males and 99 females) completed the Rational Experiential, the Coping Reponses and the Adolescent Stress Inventory. Adolescents operating from an experiential cognitive style experienced more stress regarding school performance, school attendance, financial pressure and emerging adult responsibility than adolescents operating from a rational cognitive style. Adolescents employing a rational style sought more alternative rewards as a coping strategy, whereas adolescents employing an experiential style relied more on emotional discharge. The findings of this study concur with previous research, but provide a unique perspective on adolescents' stress and coping in this South African context.

Neutron flux monitor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seki, Eiji; Tai, Ichiro.

1984-01-01

Purpose: To maintain the measuring accuracy and the reponse time within an allowable range in accordance with the change of neutron fluxes in a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Constitution: Neutron fluxes within a nuclear reactor pressure vessel are detected by detectors, converted into pulse signals and amplified in a range switching amplifier. The amplified signals are further converted through an A/D converter and digital signals from the converter are subjected to a square operation in an square operation circuit. The output from the circuit is inputted into an integration circuit to selectively accumulate the constant of 1/2n, 1 - 1/2n (n is a positive integer) respectively for two continuing signals to perform weighing. Then, the addition is carried out to calculate the integrated value and the addition number is changed by the chane in the number n to vary the integrating time. The integrated value is inputted into a control circuit to control the value of n so that the fluctuation and the calculation time for the integrated value are within a predetermined range and, at the same time, the gain of the range switching amplifier is controlled. (Seki, T.)

The influence of superoxide dimutase and some other radical scavengers on X-ray resistance, life span and membrane integrity of Sacharomyces cerevisiae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartwig, V.

1988-01-01

Evaluations of various strains of yeast showed these to differ widely in the activities of superoxide dimutase and catalase, X-ray sensitivity, reproductive capacity and malondialdehyde concentration. Higher SOD activities in reponse to increases in oxygen production under extreme physiological conditions were observed for the cells of a haploid strain and just as well seen in those of a diploid strain. There were findings pointing to mutually 'compensatory' effects in respect of the contents of CAT and thiol. When intracellular radical scavengers were 'overstrained' by exposure to high X-ray doses, untoward effects on membrane integrity could be detected after irradiation. The use of the SOD-specific inhibitor DDC led to a reduction of both X-ray resistance and life span as a result of SOD-inhibition. Exogenous SOD was seen to reduce the mean life span. Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ were found to have a dual action in that they not only increased the resistance to X-rays through an augmentation of SOD activity but also had an immediate beneficial effect on radioresistance. Exogenous H202 led to an increase in the cellular CAT contents and an enhancement of X-ray resistance. (orig./MG) [de

Formulation of microbes inoculum: AMF, PSB and Rhizobium isolated of ex-coal mining site for Acacia crassicarpa Cunn. Ex-benth seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ENNY WIDYATI

2007-07-01

Full Text Available The shoddier succeed land revegetation particularly caused by least adaptability of the seedlings planted on this site. To encourage their growth and survival rate it can be achieved by means do inoculation with the compatible functional microbes such as rhizobium, Psolubilizing bacteria (PSB and/or arbuscular-mycorrhiza fungy (AMF. This reserach is aimed to formulate the most compatible inoculant to support the growth of A. crassicarpa seedlings. Compatibility study is carried out in RCB design with 3 replications, each contain 5 seedlings. Height and biomass are accessed to measure the growth responses of the seedlings. The result showed that the best reponse is given by consortia that consist of the three kinds of these microbes. This increase the shoot biomass (137% compare to the control. The consortia also improved N 164%, P 335% and K 167% in the plant tissues. While pure AMF improved absorption of N plants 80%, P 383% and K 51% compare to the control. It is suggested that to prepare the A. crassicarpa seedlings is better inoculated by consortium of microbes or AMF as a sole inoculant.

Long-term effects of radiotherapy on taste and salivary function in man

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mossman, K.; Shatzman, A.; Chencharick, J.

1982-01-01

The long-term effects of radiotherapy on taste and salivary function were studied in 13 patients treated by radiation 1-7 years previously for tumors of the head and neck. Taste function was studied quantitatively using a standard forced choice, three-stimulus-drop technique for the determination of detection and recognition thresholds and a forced-scaling technique for the determination of taste intensity reponsiveness. Parotid salivary function was quantitatively evaluated by determination of flow rate and protein secretion rate. Nine of the 13 patients studied (69%) had measurable taste loss; every patient who had radiotherapy including the parotid glands had measurable salivary dysfunction. Our results demonstrate that curative courses of radiotherapy for tumors of the head and neck may result in long-term changes in taste and salivary function. From the present study, the maximum tolerance doses resulting in a 50% complication rate 5 years after treatment (TD 50/5) are estimated to be 40-65 Gy for xerostomia and 50-65 Gy for taste loss. Therefore, in a standard treatment regimen for tumors of the head and neck, with curative intent, gustatory and salivary gland tissues frequently sustain maximum tolerance injury

The Dynamics of Current Carriers In Standing Alfven Waves

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, A. N.; Allan, W.; Ruderman, M. S.; Elphic, R. C.

The acceleration of current carriers in an Alfvén wave current system is considered. The model incorporates a dipole magnetic field geometry, and we present an analyt- ical solution of the two-fluid equations by successive approximations. The leading solution corresponds to the familiar single-fluid toroidal oscillations. The next order describes the nonlinear dynamics of electrons responsible for carrying a few µAm-2 field aligned current into the ionosphere. The solution shows how most of the elec- tron acceleration in the magnetosphere occurs within 1 RE of the ionosphere, and that a parallel electric field of the order of 1 mVm-1 is reponsible for energising the electrons to 1 keV. The limitations of the electron fluid approximation are considered, and a qualitative solution including electron beams and a modified E is developed in accord with observations. We find that the electron acceleration can be nonlinear, (ve )ve > ve , as a result of our nonuniform equilibrium field geometry even when ve is less than the Alfvén speed. Our calculation also elucidates the processes through which E is generated and supported.

How to reduce the petroleum dependency of Quebec? A ground breaking collective approach; Comment reduire la dependance quebecoise au petrole? Une demarche collective inedite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourke, Philippe; Caron-Malenfant, Julie

2010-09-15

Quebec population and socio economic agents are little or not summoned to in the definition of a vision relating to the dependency of Quebec to petroleum. The presented approach expects to include them as determining actors in the research for solutions to this collective issue, exploring aspects linked both to the energy consumption and production. The question to which the consultation is looking for answers is: How can Quebec reduce its petroleum consumption and increase its energy independence while promoting the harmonious economic and social development of its territory?. [French] La population et les agents socioeconomiques du Quebec sont peu ou pas interpelles dans la definition d'une vision entourant la dependance du Quebec au petrole. La demarche presentee prevoit les inclure comme acteurs determinants vers la recherche de solutions a cet enjeu collectif, explorant les aspects lies tant a la consommation qu'a la production energetique. La question a laquelle la consultation lancee cherchera des reponses est : Comment le Quebec peut-il diminuer sa consommation de petrole et accroitre son independance energetique tout en favorisant le developpement economique et social harmonieux de son territoire?.

Cancer-related anemia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdel-Rzaeq, Hikmat N.

2004-01-01

Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in cancer patients is often under-recognized and undertreated. The pathogenesis of cancer anemia is complex and most of time multifactorial; involving factors related to the tumor itself or its therapy. While anemia can be present in a wide range of symptoms, involing almost every organ, it is beleived that it contributes much to cancer-related-fatigue, one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients. In addition there is increasing evidence to suggest that anemia is an independent factor adversely affecting tumor reponse and patient survival. While blood transfusion was the only option to treat cancer related anemia, the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is becomig the new standard of care, more so with the recent studies demonstrating the feasibility of a sigle weekly injection .Things are even getting better with the recent approval of a new form of rHuEPO; Darbepoetin an analogue with a 3-fold longer half-life. In addition to its effects in raising homoglobin, several well controlled studies demonstrated decrease in transfusion requirementsand better qualify of life assessed objectively using standard assesments scales. (author)

O PERFIL DE CONHECIMENTO SOBRE SERES VIVOS PELOS ESTUDANTES DA COOPEC: UMA FERRAMENTA PARA PLANEJAR UM ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darcy Ribeiro de Castro

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to survey the prior knowledge of students from COOPEC-Central - Central, Bahia - at initial grades of Elementary School, in February 2009, describing the context of teaching in classrooms during that school year. This study is part of a masters dissertation and involved content of some aspects of living beings (identification, size and function in the early grades (2nd to 5th year, children aged between 7 and 11. We developed our studies based on Vygotsky’s children’s spontaneous and scientific knowledge theory and on other spontaneous conceptions reference in that area. We applied questionnaires with general questions to students in order to obtain information on students’ spontaneous knowledge with respect to living beings; we discussed with teachers the knowledge brought by the students to school in bimonthly meetings; and we applied a questionnaire to which teachers responded at end of the last meeting. Data analysis – with the students’ and teachers’ reponses - was performed considering all the initial Elementary School grades, based on the comparative method in order to highlight what children actually knew about living beings, as a starting point for planning education on the subject.

SPICE modelling of the transient response of irradiated MOSFETs; Modelisation de la reponse transitoire de MOSFETs irradies avec SPICE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pouget, V.; Lapuyade, H.; Lewis, D.; Deval, Y.; Fouillat, P. [Bordeaux-1 Univ., IXL, 33 - Talence (France); Sarger, L. [Bordeaux-1 Univ., CPMOH, 33 - Talence (France)

1999-07-01

A new SPICE model of irradiated MOSFET taking into account the real response of the 4 electrodes is proposed. The component that has been simulated is an NMOS transistor issued from the AMS BiCMOS 0.8 {mu}m technology. A comparison between SPICE-generated transients and PISCES device simulation demonstrates the accuracy benefits when used in complex electronic architectures. This model could be used when designing electronic circuits able to sustain hardening due to SEE (single event effect), it will be an efficient complement to the physical simulations.

New combustion, environment regulations: the answers for natural gas; Nouvelles reglementations, combustion, environnement: les reponses pour le gaz naturel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Peltier-Marc, A. [Gaz de France (GDF), 75 - Paris (France)

1997-12-31

This paper reports on the point of view from Gaz de France (GdF) company concerning the potential consequences of the use of natural gas in combustion systems with respect to the new regulations about combustion and environment. Details concerning the measures relative to the limitation of pollutants in small combustion installations (2 - 20 MW) are given (chimney height, SO{sub x}, NO{sub x} and dusts content in exhaust gases). (J.S.)

The Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis: what answers from consuming countries?; La crise gaziere russo-ukrainienne: quelles reponses des pays consommateurs?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomart, Th. [Institut Francais des Relations Internationales (IFRI), 75 - Paris (France); Pirani, S. [Oxford Inst. for Energy Studies (United Kingdom); De la Faire, A. [GDF SUEZ, 75 - Paris (France)

2009-07-15

The disruption of gas supplies that occurred in the beginning of 2009 as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian disagreements, represents the most serious gas crisis that Europe has had to face since natural gas is imported from Russia, i.e. 40 years ago. Before the occurrence of this crisis, such a scenario was excluded by most of geopolitical experts who so far had based their analyses on the interdependence between Russia and European Union. Will this crisis change the relationship between European Union and Russia on the one hand, and with Ukraine on the other hand? Do we have to consider it as an incident without further consequences or is it the very first case of a series of unexpected coming crises? How Europe should organize itself to supply more efficient answers in the future? These are the questions debated during this round table organized by the French gas association (AFG) on April 6, 2009. (J.S.)

Human reponses to historical eruptions of Etna (Sicily) from 1600 to present and their implications for present-day disaster planning

Science.gov (United States)

Sangster, H.; Chester, D. K.; Duncan, A. M.

2012-04-01

Mount Etna in northeastern Sicily (Italy) rises to over 3000 m, covers an area of ca.1750 km2 and is the most active volcano in Europe. Observations of Etna by literate observers stretch back to the classical era and one of the earliest references to an eruption of Etna was by Pindar in his Pythian Odes, to the event of ca. 474-479 B.C. The history of its activity has been reconstructed by scholars up to the present day and records of eruptions are reasonably complete from the early fifteenth century, reliable from 1669, and document the threats and destruction to human settlements and livelihoods. Effusive and explosive activity has occurred continually throughout the historical period and eruptions of Mount Etna have presented numerous eruption styles, from persistent central crater activity, to periodic flank eruptions. From 1600 to 1669 the activity of Etna was characterised by a high volumetric output of lava with a mean eruption rate of 1.19 m3s-1, this was followed by a pause from flank eruptions and the re-establishment of significant activity from the middle of the eighteenth century. After 1750 the output of lava by flank eruptions was lower than in the previous century, with the mean eruption rate falling to 0.18 m3s-1. This paper summarises: the characteristics of the eruptions that occurred between the period of 1600 to present; the particularities of the societal responses over time and the role of the authorities; and, the important lessons this history holds for the management of present-day civil defence planning in the region. People responded to the eruptions at three levels: as members of a family and extended family; as members of a community and, as citizens of the State. The State, however, was a minor player in responding to these eruptions until the early nineteenth century as the State then became more involved in each successive eruption as the responses moved to a more industrial nature rather than pre-industrial. Today emergencies are closely managed by central government, through the Ministry of Civil Protection (Dipartimento della Protezione Civile - founded in 1992), who can call on the expertise of local authorities (comuni) and scientific bodies, especially the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology in Catania (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologica INGV - sezione Catania). The nature of the society living on the flanks of Mount Etna has changed over the past nine decades, especially since the late 1960s, and the increasing exposure to volcanic and volcano-related hazards in the Etna Region is strengthening the need for improved communication amongst social scientists, civil defence authorities, the media and the local communities. Educating local people about how to react when a disaster strikes is viewed as an increasingly important element in Civil Defence planning, with examples of how people coped successfully in the past being used to inform people today. Effective communication both in terms of, raising awareness and ensuring that non-scientists have properly understood the associated hazard implications, and implementing emergency responses, is critical in facilitating more effective hazard prevention plans.

Mediating and Moderating Effects in Ageism and Depression among the Korean Elderly: The Roles of Emotional Reactions and Coping Reponses

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Il-Ho; Noh, Samuel; Chun, Heeran

2015-01-01

Objectives This study evaluated the relationship between ageism and depression, exploring the stress-mediating and stress-moderating roles of emotional reactions and coping behaviors. Methods Data were from the 2013 Ageism and Health Study (n = 816), a cross-sectional survey of urban and rural community-dwelling seniors aged 60–89 years in South Korea. Participants with at least one experience of ageism reported on their emotional reactions and coping responses. The measure yielded two types of coping: problem-focused (taking formal action, confrontation, seeking social support) and emotion-focused (passive acceptance, emotional discharge). Results Although ageism was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.27, p < 0.0001), the association was entirely mediated by emotional reactions such as anger, sadness, and powerlessness. Problem-focused coping, especially confrontation and social support, seemingly reduced the impact of emotional reactions on depression, whereas emotion-focused coping exacerbated the adverse effects. Conclusion These findings support the cultural characterization explanation of ageism and related coping processes among Korean elderly and suggest that regulating emotional reactions may determine the efficacy of coping with ageism. PMID:26981336

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTION AND SOME OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN ADOLESCENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M GOLCHIN

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Adolescence is one of the most critical periods in human life which impairs calmness and leads to imbalance. Healthy character of an adolescent is based on parents approach. Usually in this period, children will be separate from parents because of some psychological characters. Determination of ralation between family function and psychological characters provide good information for management this important subject. Methods. Random samples from high school students (438 boys and 454 girls were studied. To assess family function, they filled out questionaire asking about responsibility affinity to religion, self concept and future expectancy. Results. Function of family related to boys in the vast majority was desired and in cases of girls was relatively desired. Family function related positively to psychological characters (responsibility self concept, affinity to religion and future expectancy (P < 0.001. All of the above psychological characters except for affinity to religion were different between boys and girls (P < 0.05. Discussion. This study confirmes positive relationship between family function and psychological characters of adolescents. The more desired family function, the more desired will be reponsibility self concept, future expectancy and affinity. to religion. The above finding are compatible with other, finding in setting like this to have healthy children we advise parents to consider their expectations.

The adaptive response of mouse tumours to anaemia and retransfusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirst, D.G.; Wood, P.J.

1987-01-01

Exchange transfusion methods have been developed to alter the haematocrit of tumour-bearing mice. The effects of anaemia and its correction by blood transfusion on the radiosensitivity of two mouse tumours (SCCVII/St and RIF-1) were studied using excision, in vivo/in vitro assay. Acute reduction in haematocrit caused a high degree of radioresistance equivalent to an increase in the hypoxic fractions by factors of 10 (SCCVII/St) and 30 (RIF-1). As the duration of anaemia was prolonged, radioresistance was lost until within about 6 h normal radiosensitivity was observed even though the anaemia persisted. The restoration of the normal haematocrit by red blood cell transfusion after 24 h of anaemia caused increased radiosensitivity equivalent to a reduction in the hypoxic fraction by factors of 5 (SCCVII/St) and 10 (RIF-1), but again the effect was transient and normal radiosensitivity re-established within 24-48 h of retransfusion. Measurements of 14 C misonidazole (MISO) binding to RIF-1 tumours after these procedures indicated changes in the number of hypoxic cells which were qualitatively almost identical to those using the cell survival endpoint, leading to the belief that changes in oxygenation were reponsible for the altered radiosensitivity. (author)

Olfactory function and quality of life after olfaction rehabilitation in total laryngectomees.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos, Christiane Gouvêa Dos; Bergmann, Anke; Coça, Kaliani Lima; Garcia, Angela Albuquerque; Valente, Tânia Cristina de Oliveira

2016-01-01

To evaluate the effects of olfaction rehabilitation in the olfactory function and quality of life of total laryngectomized patients. Pre-post intervention clinical study conducted with total laryngectomees submitted to olfaction rehabilitation by means of the Nasal Airflow-Inducing Maneuver (NAIM) using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), Olfactory Acuity Questionnaires, a Monitoring Questionnaire, and the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL). Participants were 45 total laryngectomees. Before olfaction rehabilitation, 48.9% of the participants had their olfactic abilities classified as anosmia, 46.8% as microsmia, and 4.4% were considered within the normal range. After olfaction rehabilitation, 4.4% of the participants were classified as anosmia and 31.1% were within the normal range. In the Smell Identification Test, the mean score after rehabilitation showed statistically significant improvement. Reponses to the Olfactory Acuity Questionnaires after rehabilitation showed improvement in the frequency of perception regarding smell, taste, and the ability to smell perfume, food, leaking gas, and smoke, after learning the maneuver. Although the scores in the Quality of Life Questionnaire already indicated good quality of life before the surgery, post-intervention values were statistically significant. Olfaction rehabilitation improves olfactory function and has a positive impact on the activities of daily living and quality of life of total laryngectomized patients.

Radiation measurement of civil air flight

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winter, M.

1999-01-01

In order to aquire knowledge of the radiation exposure of civil aircrew members in common flight altitudes, it was necessary to develop a practicable measurement system. Radiation exposure was hereby estimated by using the ACREM-System, which is patented by the Austrian Research Centres Seibersdorf (OEFZS). Total Equivalent Dose could be estimated in a simple way by combining a measured component of the radiation field in flight altitudes and the results of simulation with LUIN 94 particle transport code (Keran O'Brian). To verify the results of the measurement system, a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) was used. Because of the difficult measurement conditions in cargo airplanes, special attention had to be taken to make the measurement equipment easy to use and transport. Special software has been developed to automate the measurement and the evaluation of the large amount of collected data. Measurements in standard calibration photon fields for the characterization of the equipment could be performed at the Primary Dosimetry Laboratory for Austria at the Austrian Research Centre (OEFZS) in Seibersdorf. Additional measurements were performed at Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig (PTB, Germany) and Paul Scherer Institute (PSI, Switzerland) to determine the reponse of the instruments to high energy photon and standard neutron fields. (author)

The hydrologic bench-mark program; a standard to evaluate time-series trends in selected water-quality constituents for streams in Georgia

Science.gov (United States)

Buell, G.R.; Grams, S.C.

1985-01-01

Significant temporal trends in monthly pH, specific conductance, total alkalinity, hardness, total nitrite-plus-nitrite nitrogen, and total phosphorus measurements at five stream sites in Georgia were identified using a rank correlation technique, the seasonal Kendall test and slope estimator. These sites include a U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Bench-Mark site, Falling Creek near Juliette, and four periodic water-quality monitoring sites. Comparison of raw data trends with streamflow-residual trends and, where applicable, with chemical-discharge trends (instantaneous fluxes) shws that some of these trends are responses to factors other than changing streamflow. Percentages of forested, agricultural, and urban cover with each basin did not change much during the periods of water-quality record, and therefore these non-flow-related trends are not obviously related to changes in land cover or land use. Flow-residual water-quality trends at the Hydrologic Bench-Mark site and at the Chattooga River site probably indicate basin reponses to changes in the chemical quality of atmospheric deposition. These two basins are predominantly forested and have received little recent human use. Observed trends at the other three sites probably indicate basin responses to various land uses and water uses associated with agricultural and urban land or to changes in specific uses. (USGS)

An effect of loudness of advisory speech on a choice response task

Science.gov (United States)

Utsuki, Narisuke; Takeuchi, Yoshinori; Nomiyama, Takenori

1995-03-01

Recent technologies have realized talking advisory/guidance systems in which machines give advice and guidance to operators in speech. However, nonverbal aspects of spoken messages may have significant effects on an operator's behavior. Twelve subjects participated in a TV game-like choice response task where they were asked to choose a 'true' target from three invader-like figures displayed on a CRT screen. The subjects had received a prerecorded advice designating either left, center, or right target that would be true before each choice. The position of the 'true' targets and advice were preprogrammed in pseudorandom sequences. In other words, there was no way for the subjects to predict the 'true' target and there was no relationship between spoken advice and the true target position. The subjects tended to make more choices corresponding to the presented messages when the messages were presented in a louder voice than in a softer voice. Choice response time was significantly shorter when the response was the same as the advice indicated. The shortening of response time was slightly greater when advice was presented in a louder voice. This study demonstrates that spoken advice may result in faster and less deliberate reponses in accordance with the presented messages which are given by talking guidance systems.

Food and snow intake, body mass and rumen function in reindeer fed lichen and subsequently starved for 4 days

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T.H. Aagnes

1994-12-01

Full Text Available Food and snow intake, body mass, rumen fluid volume, rumen fluid turnover time and ruminal dry matter content were examined in four female rumen fistulated reindeer which were first fed lichen ad libitum in 14 days and then starved for 4 days in March. When the animals were eating lichen median daily dry matter food intake was 15.7 g/kg (range 12.2-19.9 g/kg, while median daily snow intake only amounted to 0.6 g/kg (range 0-3.3 g/kg. The median body mass decreased from 67.5 kg (range 62.5-69.5 kg to 63.5 kg (range 60.5-68.5 kg during this period, and dropped further to 62.5 kg (range 57.5-66.0 kg after four days of starvation. Rumen fluid volume and fluid turnover time were fairly constant in individual animals, but varied between animals fed lichen ad libitum. Neither of these parameters changed significantly (P>0.05, but ruminal dry matter decreased, while snow intake rose conspicuously in reponse to starvation. Thus, aside from the latter, which mitigate the reduction of total rumen volume, we have failed to expose any special adaptions aimed at the maintenance of ruminal integrity in starving reindeer.

Endocrine surgery fellowship graduates past, present, and future: 8 years of early job market experiences and what program directors and trainees can expect.

Science.gov (United States)

Krishnamurthy, Vikram D; Gutnick, Jesse; Slotcavage, Rachel; Jin, Judy; Berber, Eren; Siperstein, Allan; Shin, Joyce J

2017-01-01

Given the increasing number of endocrine surgery fellowship graduates, we investigated if expectations and job opportunities changed over time. American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) fellowship graduates, surgery department chairs, and physician recruiters were surveyed. Univariate analysis was performed with JMP Pro 12 software. We identified 141 graduates from 2008-2015; survey response rate was 72% (n = 101). Compared to earlier graduates, fewer academic opportunities were available for the recent graduates who intended to join them (P = .001). Unlike earlier graduates, recent graduates expected to also perform elective general surgery, which ultimately represented a greater percentage of their practices (both P job offers decreased. Overall, 84% of graduates matched their intended practice type and 98% reported being satisfied. Reponses from graduates, department chairs, and physician recruiters highlighted opportunities to improve mentor involvement, job search strategies, and online job board utilization. The endocrine surgery job market has diversified resulting in more graduates entering nonacademic practices and performing general surgery. This rapid evolution supports future analyses of the job market and opportunities for job creation. Almost every graduate reported job satisfaction, which encourages graduates to consider joining both academic and nonacademic practices equally. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Changes in physical properties and organic carbon of a Kandiudox fertilized with manure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréia Patricia Andrade

2016-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Successive applications of pig slurry and poultry manure can improve the soil structure, according to the land use conditions and amounts applied. This study evaluated the effect of manure fertilization on the physical properties and organic carbon of a Rhodic Kandiudox. Treatments included land use and management and time of pig slurry and poultry litter application, namely: native forest (NF; yerba mate after 20 years of animal waste application (YM20; pasture after 15 years of application (P15; grassland after 20 years of manuring (PP20; grassland after 3 years of manuring (P3; pasture without application (P0, maize after 20 years of application (M20; and maize after 7 years of application (M7. Soil samples were collected in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20cm layers, in which density, porosity, aggregate stability, flocculation, penetration resistance, available water, and total clay content, total and particulate organic carbon, and C:N ratio were analyzed. The total organic carbon is sensitive to management and was not related to waste application, except in the 10-20cm layer of ryegrass pasture after three years of manuring. Reponses to waste application and land use and management systems were observed in the variables soil density and penetration resistance.

Collection efficiency of charges in ionization chambers in presence of constant or variable radiation intensity; Efficacite de la collection des charges dans les chambres d'ionisation en presence d'une intensite de rayonnement ionisant constante ou variable

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Decuyper, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1970-07-01

The theoretical and experimental study of the collection of carriers built up by ionization in standard chambers, is made by varying the value of different acting parameters. In the presence of constant ionization intensity and under a D.C. and A.C. voltage, the effect of geometry, recombination, diffusion and attachment is analyzed. The compensation of thermal neutron D.C. chambers is equally considered. Under a time dependent ionization intensity and D.C. voltage, is then studied the effect of recombination on current response, and on the collection efficiency of all formed charges. (author) [French] L'etude theorique et experimentale de la collection des porteurs crees par ionisation dans les chambres couramment utilisees est entreprise en fonction de la valeur des differents parametres agissants. En presence d'une ionisation constante et sous une tension d'alimentation d'abord continue puis alternative, on analyse l'influence de la geometrie, de la recombinaison, de la diffusion et de l'attachement. La compensation des chambres a courant continu de mesure neutronique est egalement examinee. Ensuite, sous une intensite d'ionisation variable dans le temps et en alimentation continue, on etudie l'effet de la recombinaison sur la reponse en courant et sur l'efficacite de la collection de la charge totale liberee. (auteur)

Immune mechanisms in Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marusic, M.

1979-01-01

Normal mice immunised with irradiated Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells rejected EAT challenge given 2 weeks later but T-cell-deficient thymectomised lethally irradiated, and bone-marrow-reconstituted (TIR) mice succumbed. However, when TIR mice were injected i.v. with thymus, lymph node, or spleen cells from normalsyngetic donors immediately following i.p. injection of irradiated EAT cells, they rejected the subsequent tumor challenge. This induction of immunity in TIR mice was shown to be T-cell dependent. Spleen cells from EAT- bearing mice given immediately after irradiated tumor cells were also able to promote rejection of EAT challenge in TIR mice. Spleen cells from EAT-immune mice inhibited EAT growth when admixed with tumor cells prior to i.p. injection into normal recipients, but had no effect on progressive tumor growth when given i.v. immediately after i.p. tumor injection. Immune serum inhibited i.p. EAT growth when given either i.p. or i.v. Whereas inhibition of EAT growth by admixed spleen cells was shown to be T-cell independent. The data indicate that T lymphocytes are required only in the induction phase of the immune reponse of mice against EAT, while the efferent phase of the response is accomplished by serum antibodies, perhaps through an interaction with host macrophages. (author)

Green seaweed Ulva as a monitor for pollution in coastal waters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Levine, H.G.

1983-01-01

Methods have been developed which capitalize on the capacity of Ulva to function as a bioindicator of pollution in coastal waters. Studies have been performed evaluating the growth of both Ulva tissue discs and Ulva germlings as they relate to physical and chemical parameters of the environment. The Ulva tissue disc method for the in situ monitoring of organic load (nitrogen and phosphorus) in coastal waters was demonstrated to be marginally effective. The in situ differential growth reponse of parthenogenetically developed germlings fulfilled the monitoring objective, but multi-faceted environmental considerations introduced complications which reduced the feasibility of the germling deployment method for routine monitoring. The assessment of Ulva as a bioaccumulator was undertaken. Use of Ulva as an in situ sampling device has demonstrated appreciable success. This in situ monitor can provide concentrated samples of environmental pollutants. Analytical techniques have been employed to extract information on trace metals, pesticides, PCBs and other accumulated organohalides. Ulva is a bioacumulator which, by all standards, has much to recommend it. Precedures have been developed to reduce much of the inherent biological varation. Ulva has world-wide occurrence, and is therefore capable of providing a standard for comparison of data. This alga merits consideration as an international monitor for pollutants in the marine environment.

Detection of anoxia-reponsive genes in cultured cells of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), using an optimized, genome-wide oligoarray

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olohan, L.A.; Li, W; Wulff, Tune

2008-01-01

The breadth of mechanistic analyses of environmental stress responses is greatly enhanced by the use of contemporary post-genomic screening technologies, notably including massively parallel transcript analysis by microarray. These genome-wide investigations are entirely dependent upon the creati...

Biocompatibilite des complexes proteines-nanoparticules: Perspectives sur la reponse cellulaire aux nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer fonctionnalisees, revetues d'un corona

Science.gov (United States)

Mbeh, Doris Antoinette

This thesis presents the study of the biocompatibility of nanoparticles (NPs) of iron oxide (Fe3O4) candidates for targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules. We especially devoted to study the impact of the surface composition of the NPs and protein adsorption at the surface thereof on the cellular responses. To do this, we first examined the toxic potential of magnetite with various functionalizations: one that is prepared with (1) a monolayer of oleic acid (Fe3O4@OA), which is then converted to (2) an envelope silane containing an amine (Fe3O4@NH 2), (3) a coating of silica (Fe3O4@SiO 2), and (4) an envelope containing a silane coating on amine silica (Fe3O4@SiO2@NH 2). The presence of these groups at the surface of the NPs was confirmed by XPS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. We were able to prove that the toxic potential of NPs is dose-dependent and we determine the biocompatible doses for each surface functionalization. Microscopic observation of the morphology of the cells exposed to NPs, and their proinflammatory and mitochondrial activity showed that, in addition to surface features, the cell culture medium also affect the cytotoxicity of the NPs. These results clearly show that in order to use our NPs as pharmaceutical nanocarrier safely, we need to control the surface functionalization and the dynamic interaction between the NP and the physiological environment in which it is suspended. To understand the interaction between the NP and the culture medium, as a first step, we used three different culture media namely: DMEM, F-12K and DMEM / F12 (see Appendix A) and uncoated magnetite (Fe3O 4). These media were enriched with either fetal bovine serum (see Appendix B) or with a synthetic serum (SFMS). We have proved the presence of a protein corona on NPs suspended in culture media enriched with bovine serum. We also demonstrated that the formation of the corona depends on the composition of the culture medium and that the cytotoxic potential of the NPs is influenced by NP-protein interaction. In a second step, we used one culture medium (DMEM / F12) and the magnetite with three different surface compositions: uncoated SPIONs with hydroxyl groups (OH) on the surface; coated SPIONs with an amine group (NH2) on the surface and the last one with a carboxylic group (COOH) on the surface. The results show that the composition of the corona depends on the surface composition of the NP and cellular responses are also different from one surface to another. In fact, some proteins (e.g. albumin) are adsorbed on the coatings only positively charged (NH2), while others (e.g., fibrinogen) are adsorbed on the negatively charged coatings (OH and COOH). Cell proliferation is influenced by the surface chemistry and is dose-dependent. SPIONs coated with carboxylic groups are more biocompatible while those uncoated, having hydroxyl groups on the surface are the most cytotoxic. Exploring three possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity, i.e., the production of ions by the SPIONs in the culture media, reactive oxygen species and protein adsorption, we found that in our case, protein adsorption was behind the cytotoxicity of our NPs since oxidative stress have been proved non-existent and there are not enough ions in the culture media to be detected . From these results, we can make a first correlation between the chemical composition of the surface, the identity of the adsorbed proteins and cellular responses. But we must take into account many other parameters related either to the NPs such as the charge, the agglomeration status, or related to the culture medium as the density of each protein, or finally to the experimental conditions.

Power frequency electric and magnetic fields: Questions and answers; Champs electriques et magnetiques produits par le courant industriel: Questions et reponses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-10-01

Power frequency fields are electric and magnetic fields produced by electric power. The first evidence to show that power frequency fields may have an effect on human health was noted in 1972 when it was reported that workers in high voltage switchyards suffered from a number of ailments. Fundamentals of electric and magnetic fields, and methods of their measurement, are explained. Some sources of power frequency fields are reviewed, and measured occupational exposures to these fields by electric utility workers are listed. Possible biological and health effects from power frequency fields are summarized from epidemiological, whole-animal, cellular, and observational studies reported in the literature. These include increased risk of cancer, decrease in melatonin, reproductive and developmental abnormalities, decreased heart rates, changes in calcium flow across cell membranes, and changes in neurotransmitters and corticosterone. Exposure standards for power frequency fields are given and methods for controlling exposure to those fields are noted. 53 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants at Ma'anling volcano urban park in tropical Haikou, China: Reponses to soil properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Xia-Lan; Yuan, Lang-Xing; Nizamani, Mir Mohammad; Zhu, Zhi-Xin; Friedman, Cynthia Ross; Wang, Hua-Feng

2018-01-01

Anthropogenic processes and socio-economic factors play important roles in shaping plant diversity in urban parks. To investigate how plant diversity of Ma' anling urban volcano park in Hainan Province, China respond to these factors, we carried out a field investigation on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants and soil properties in this area. We found 284 species of vascular plants belonging to 88 families and 241 genera, which included 194 native species, 23 invasive species, 31 naturalized species, 40 cultivars, and 4 rare / endangered plant species. Tree composition and richness significantly varied between different vegetation formations (plantation, secondary forest, and abandoned land). Plant species richness and community composition were significantly affected by elevation (El), soil water content (WC), total soil nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM). There were significant diversity differences between plantations and abandoned lands, but not between the plantations and secondary forests. The flora in the study site was tropical in nature, characterized by pantropic distributions. Compared to adjacent areas, floristic composition in the study site was most similar to that of Guangdong, followed by that of Vietnam. Our study revealed the diversity patterns of volcanic plants and provided the basis for future planning of plant conservation, such as preserving plant species, maintaining plant habitats, and coordinating plant management in this region.

The development of a very high stability electrostatic generator (1962); Etude et realisation d'un generateur electrostatique a tres haute stabilite (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jonckheere, R E.L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

This thesis deals with the study of an electrostatic high voltage generator having a voltage stability of the order of 10{sup -6} per minute. This equipment should be very useful in electron microscopy. The electrostatic generator is studied as a control system element: transfer function, parasitic signals and noise are determined and a mathematical model is proposed. A theoretical study of the open loop transfer function, stability, transient response, voltage stabilization of five different control systems shows which one should be able to fulfill the requirements There follows a detailed study of drift, a description of the actual system and performance data. (author) [French] Cette etude concerne un generateur electrostatique capable de fournir une tres haute tension continue dont la stabilite relative est de l'ordre de 10{sup -6} pendant une minute. Une telle performance rend cet appareillage tres utile en microscopie electronique. La generatrice electrostatique est etudiee en tant qu'element d'un systeme asservi: on determine successivement la fonction de transfert, les perturbations, le bruit de fond et le modele mathematique. L'etude de cinq differents circuits de regulation en ce qui concerne leur fonction de transfert, stabilite, reponse en regime transitoire, attenuation des perturbations, permettra de choisir le systeme qui semble le mieux repondre aux exigences. Viennent ensuite une etude detaillee de la derive, la description de la realisation pratique et les resultats de mesure. (auteur)

On the response of a reactor building and its equipment to aircraft crash

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larsson, G.; Lundsager, P.

1977-01-01

The present study investigates the dynamic response of the ASEA-ATOM BWR 75 reactor building in terms of response spectra at significant locations considering various aircraft and points of load application. In the first part of the study a total of 21 forcing functions, most of them from the open literature and including the commonly used standard functions, have been studied with respect to documentation, consistency and frequency content. Since none of the forcing functions have been experimentally verified, their validity must be assessed mainly by judging the structural models and assumptions used in their derivation and by checking their consistency. In the second part, linear dynamical models of various degrees of detailedness have been investigated regarding their capacity to describe the behavior of the reactor building under this high frequency loading. The most detailed model consists of plane stress finite elements for every significant wall and floor. In the third part of the study the effects of a number of parameters on the response of the building are investigated. The parameters include the points of attack, damping values, soil spring stiffness as well as different forcing functions of various frequency contents. The reponse is displayed as response spectra and member forces for characteristic locations. The results serve as a basis for development of standardized design floor response spectra and for the structural verification of the bui

Periodic transients linked to a variation in reactivity; Transitoires de periode lies a une variation de reactivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furet, J; Weil, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

We study here the influence of the transient, linked to a variation in reactivity, on the measurement of the period, this measurement being made from the logarithmic differential of the power and being defined by 1/T 1/p(dp/dt). We show that the adjustment of the thresholds of period safety is often incompatible with the velocities of liberation of reactivity. A compromise is then necessary between the speed of response of the periodimeter and the speed with which the reactivity is liberated. This makes it necessary to have rapid security devices for the power levels in the piles in which the speeds of liberation of the reactivity are high. (author) [French] On etudie ici l'influence du transitoire lie a une variation de la reactivite sur la mesure de la periode, cette mesure etant faite a partir de la derivee logarithmique de la puissance et etant definie par 1/T 1/p(dp/dt). On montre que le reglage des seuils de securite periode est souvent incompatible avec les vitesses de liberation de reactivite. Il y a alors un compromis a faire entre la vitesse de reponse du periodemetre et la vitesse de liberation de reactivite. Ceci impose de disposer de securites rapides sur les niveaux de puissance, dans les piles ou les vitesses de liberation de reactivite sont importantes. (auteur)

Electro-responsive supramolecular graphene oxide hydrogels for active bacteria adsorption and removal

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, Bin; Cao, Yi; Wang, Wei

Bacteria are major contaminations in drinking water and healthcare products. Bacteria contamination may cause severe health problems, including food poisoning and diseases. Currently water sterilization and purification methods to remove contaminated bacteria are mainly based on the size-exclusion mechanism. In order to completely remove all bacteria in water, the pore sizes of the membranes or cartilages should be comparable to the size of bacteria, which inevitable leads to high cross-membrane water pressure and slow purification speed. Moreover, the membranes can easily get clogged. Therefore it is highly demanded to develop efficient methods and novel materials for water purification. Recently, Cui and coworker have introduced a bacteria inactivation method with high efficiency and fast purification speed based on a kind of complex materials made of silver nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and cotton, operating in an electric field. With the help of electric field, the bacteria can be efficiently kill when passing through the membrance even the pore sizes are larger than bacteria. Inspired by their work, here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of bacteria removal using electro-reponsive hydrogels. This work is funded by Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11304156, 11334004, 31170813, 81421091 and 91127026), the 973 Program of China (No. 2012CB921801 and 2013CB834100), the Priority Ac.

[Diarrheal disease in the region of Marrakech, Morocco].

Science.gov (United States)

Bourrous, M; Elmjati, H; Amine, M; El Omari, J; Bouskraoui, M

2010-04-01

Diarrhea is the second cause of child morbidity and mortality in Morocco after acute respiratory infection. Each child suffers from 4 to 8 episodes of diarrhea per year. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge as well as diagnostic and therapeutic practices of general practitioners regarding children presenting with diarrhea. Study was based on an epidemiologic survey using a written questionnaire completed by general practitioners in state-run hospitals in the Marrakesh (Tensift El Haouz) region. The anonymous questionnaire containing items on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects was distributed in all 5 medical districts in the region. Analysis of reponses concerning therapeutic practices showed heavy reliance on oral rehydration that was prescribed by 98.2% of general practitioners. Dietary analysis was performed by only 24% of practitioners and blood/stool testing was not systematically ordered. Only 3% of practitioners recommended early resumption of feeding. However, data showed excessive use of additional laboratory tests (57.8%) and prescription drugs (48.8%). Overprescription mainly involved antiemetics and anti-diarrheals (77.7%). This study demonstrates an urgent need to develop a strategy to improve the quality of dietary management of diarrhea by general practitioners and rationalize prescription drug use. A continuing medical education program would be useful to increase the awareness of general practitioners and reduce child/infant morbidity and mortality relating to this disease.

Dynamic analysis of liquid storage tank including hydrodynamic interaction by boundary element method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hwang, I.T.; Ting, K.

1987-01-01

Dynamic response of liquid storage tanks considering the hydrodynamic interactions due to earthquake ground motion has been extensively studied. Several finite element procedures, such as Balendra et. al. (1982) and Haroun (1983), have been devoted to investigate the dynamic interaction between the deformable wall of the tank and the liquid. Further, if the geometry of the storage tank can not be described by axi-symmetric case, the tank wall and the fluid domain must be discretized by three dimensional finite elements to investigate the fluid-structure-interactions. Thus, the need of large computer memory and expense of vast computer time usually make this analysis impractical. To demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the solution technique developed herein, the dynamic behavior of ground-supported, deformed, cylindrical tank with incompressible fluid conducted by Haroun (1983) are analyzed. Good correlations of hydrodynamic pressure distribution between the computed results with the referenced solutions are noted. The fluid compressibility significantly affects the hydrodynamic pressures of the liquid-tank-interactions and the work which is done on this discussion is still little attention. Thus, the influences of the compressibility of the liquid on the reponse of the liquid storage due to ground motion are then drawn. By the way, the complex-valued frequency response functions for hydrodynamic forces of Haroun's problem are also displayed. (orig./GL)

A system for environmental monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tawil, R.A.; Velbeck, K.J.; Rotunda, J.E.; Flory, C.; Moscovitch, M.

1993-01-01

The system described in this paper consists of a reader, multi-element dosemeters, and dose algorithm. The reader is a medium capacity non-contact gas heating unit interfaced to an application software package that evaluates and manages generated data. The dosemeter consists of elements that are 240 mg.cm -2 thick and which are symmetrically filtered. The two CaF 2 :Dy (TLD-200) elements are shielded by 80 mg.cm -2 ABS plastic, 0.25 mm tantalum and 0.05 mm lead. The two LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) are shielded by the 80 mg.cm -2 ABS plastic only. The response of this system was characterised according to the criteria established in the ANSI Standard N545, Section 4, as modified by NRC Regulatory Guide 4.13. The procedures applied to study the energy response, fading, linearity, uniformity, minimum detectability, reproducibility, reponse dependence on angle of incidence are described, reviewed, and the results presented. The study also included self-irradiation, sensitivity to light and moisture, and performance in actual field conditions. The results demonstrate that this dosemeter satisfies all of the N545-1975 performance requirements. The dose calculation algorithm developed for this dosemeter is outlined and the accuracy of its performance in various pure and mixed fields has been determined. The results are presented and discussed. (author)

Joint sciences academies statement: global response to climate change; Declaration commune des Academies des sciences sur la reponse globale au changement climatique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-06-01

Taking into account that there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring, the Joint Science Academies, urge, by this statement, all nations in the line with the UNFCCC principles, to take prompt action to reduce the causes of climate change, adapt to its impacts and ensure that the issue is included in all relevant national and international strategies. Some recommendations are also given. (A.L.B.)

Application de la methode de la reponse frequentielle a l'arret "SSFR", sur une machine synchrone a poles saillants de grande puissance

Science.gov (United States)

Belqorchi, Abdelghafour

Forty years after Watson and Manchur conducted the Stand-Still Frequency Response (SSFR) test on a large turbogenerator, the applicability of this technic on a powerful salient pole synchronous generator has yet to be confirmed. The scientific literature on the subject is rare and very few have attempted to compare SSFR parameter results with those deduced by classical tests. The validity of SSFR on large salient pole machines has still to be proven. The present work aims in participating to fill this knowledge gap. It can be used to build a database of measurements highly needed to draw the validity of the technic. Also, the author hopes to demonstrate the potential of SSFR model to represent the machine, not only in cases of weak disturbances but also strong ones such as instantaneous three-phase short-circuit faults. The difficulties raised by previous searchers are: The lack of accuracy in very low frequency measurements; The difficulty in rotor positioning, according to d and q axes, in case of salient pole machines; The measurement current level influence on magnetizing inductances, in axes-d and; The rotation impact on damper circuits for some rotors design. Aware of the above difficulties, the author conducted an SSFR test on a large salient pole machine (285 MVA). The generator under test has laminated non isolated rotor and an integral slot number. The damper windings in adjacent poles are connected together, via the polar core and the rotor rim. Finally, the damping circuit is unaffected by rotation. To improve the measurement accuracy, in very low frequencies, the most precise frequency response analyser available on the market was used. Besides, the frequency responses of the signals conditioning modules (i.e., isolation, amplification...) were accounted for to correct the four measured SSFR transfer functions. Immunization against noise and use of instrumentation in their optimum range, were other technics rigorously applied. Magnetizing inductances, being influenced by the measurement current magnitude, the latter was maintained constant in the range 1mHz-20Hz. Other problems such as the rotation impact on damper circuits or the difficulty of rotor positioning are eliminated or attenuated by the intrinsic characteristics of the machine. Regarding the data analysis, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method was used to determine the third and second order equivalent circuit from SSFR measurements. In d-axis, the approaches of adjustment to two and three transfer functions (Ld(s), sG(s) and Lafo(s)) were explored. The second order model, derived from (Ld( s) and G(s)), was used to deduce the machine standard parameters. The latter were compared with the values given by the manufacturer and by conventional on-site tests: Instantaneous three-phase short-circuit, Dalton-Cameron and the d-axis transient time constant at open stator (T'do). The comparison showed the good accuracy of SSFR values. Subsequently, a machine model was built in EMTP-RV based on SSFR standard parameters. The model was able to reproduce stator and rotor currents measured during instantaneous three-phase short-circuit test. Some adjustments, to SSFR parameters, were needed to reproduce stator voltage and rotor current acquired during load rejection d-axis test. It is worthwhile noting that the load rejection d-axis test, recently added to IEEE 115-2009 annex, must be modified to take into account the saturation and excitation impedance impact on deduced parameters. Regarding this issue, some suggestions are proposed by the author. The obtained SSFR results, contribute to raise confidence on SSFR application on large salient pole machines. In addition, it shows the aptitude of the SSFR model to represent the machine in both cases of weak and strong disturbances, at least on machines similar the one studied. Index Terms: Salient pole, frequency response, SSFR, equivalent circuit, operational inductance.

A Depth-Focusing Collimator for the Investigation of the Brain Cortex; Collimateur a Focalisation Profonde pour l'Exploration de la Substance Corticale du Cerveau; Kollimator s glubinnoj fokusirovkoj dlya''issledovaniya kory golovnogo mozga; Colimador de Enfoque Profundo para Estudios de la Corteza Cerebral

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glasswestern, H. I. [Regional Hospital Board, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

1964-10-15

A detector is described which consists of a 5-in diam. by 1/2 in thick sodium iodide crystal and a depth-focusing collimator. The collimator was designed initially for use in brain cortical blood-flow investigations using Xe{sup 133} but may be used with other soft gamma-emitting isotopes such as I{sup 125}. The collimator, which is constructed of lead, is 1/2-in thick and is of multichannel design. The focus is at 1.75 cm from the face of the collimator. The response in air to a point source on the central axis of the collimator falls to 10% of the maximum at {+-} 0.75 cm from the focus. The far field response in tissue is considerably better than in air due to high tissue attenuation of the soft gamma radiation. The response of the collimator to a point source in air and inside a skull is presented. The collimator has been used to measure local cortical blood flow in the brain using Xe{sup 133}. However, using I{sup 125}-tagged chemicals, the detection of cortical tumours and haemorrhages is possible using this apparatus. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit un detecteur constitue par un cristal de Nal (125 mm de diametre et 6 mm d'epaisseur) et un collimateur a focalisation profonde. Ce collimateur a ete concu pour etudier le flux sanguin dans la substance corticale du cerveau a l'aide de {sup 133}Xe, mais il peut aussi etre utilise avec d'autres emetteurs de rayons gamma mous, tels que izsi. Le collimateur, a canaux multiples, est en plomb; il a une epaisseur de 6 mm. Son foyer est a 17,5mm de la face du collimateur. La reponse dans l'air pour une source ponctuelle placee sur l'axe central du co llimateur tombe a 10% de la valeur maximum a {+-} 7,5 mm du foyer. La reponse pour un champ eloigne est sensiblement meilleure dans les tissus que dans l'air, du fait de la forte attenuation des rayons gamma mous. Le memoire indique la reponse du collimateur pour une source ponctuelle dans l'air et a l'interieur de la boite cranienne. Ce collimateur a ete utilise pour

Quantitative Evaluation of Dose-Response Relationships in Human Beings with Skeletal Burdens of Radium-226 and Radium-228; Evaluation Quantitative de la Relation entre Dose et Reponse chez des Sujets Ayant une Charge Squelettique de Radium 226 et Radium 228; 041a 041e 041b 0414 ; Evaluacion Cuantitativa de las Relaciones Dosis-Respuesta en Seres Humanos con Cargas de Radio-226 y Radio-228 en el Esqueleto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maletskos, C. J.; Braun, A. G.; Shanahan, M. M.; Evans, R. D. [Radioactivity Center, Department of Physics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)

1964-11-15

Utah. Further analysis is indicated. No clinically significant signs or symptoms are observed at MPRE < 0.5 {mu}c. In the region 10{sup -3} to 10{sup -1} {mu}c MPRE the clinical data are in the normal range. (author) [French] Les 361 sujets ayant une charge squelettique de radium 226 et radium 228, qui ont ete examines au laboratoire oue travaillent les auteurs, constituent actuellement un echantillon assez important pour permettre l'evaluation quantitative de la relation entre la reponse biologique et la dose due a la contamination interne. Les auteurs decrivent les methodes utilisees pour une telle analyse et les resultats obtenus. Les reponses biologiques consistent en une variete de resultats cliniques tels que les radiogrammes obtenus, les tumeurs, les fractures, les analyses d'urine, l'hematologie, la chimie du sang et l'electrophorese des proteines. La dose due a la contamination interne est calculee et exprimee par la charge corporelle retenue, en microcuries d'equivalent minimum de radium 226 pur, en rads cumulatifs et en rad-annees cumulatifs. Dans la premiere phase de l'analyse, on determine s'il existe une relation entre un parametre clinique et la dose. On fait cette determination en recourant a un test de-contingence, permettant de comparer les donnees reelles et un modele d'independance entre les deux variables que l'on considere comme possible. Si l'on trouve qu'il n'y a pas d'independance, on fait une hypothese relative a,la relation qui existe et on obtient une description quantitative de la dependance. On fait un ajustement par la methode des moindres carres pour calculer les coefficients et les ecarts types des coefficients d'un developpement en serie. Une telle expression fournit une description quantitative empirique des resultats en meme temps qu'une mesure de leur variabilite, elle est utile pour une comparaison impartiale avec les resultats des autres laboratoires, mais n'implique aucun mecanisme biophysique. Les auteurs ont compare les

Impedance de surface dans les supraconducteurs quasi-bidimensionnels

Science.gov (United States)

Achkir, Driss Brice

Ce travail a caractere experimental et theorique vise l'etude de l'etat supraconducteur de trois familles de composes: les supraconducteurs conventionnels, les organiques et les cuprates YBCO. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilise une technique hyperfrequence, a savoir la mesure d'impedance de surface en fonction de la temperature et du champ magnetique. Dans les supraconducteurs conventionnels, nous avons mesure pour la premiere fois le pic de "coherence" dans la partie reelle de la conductivite. Bien que predit par la theorie BCS, ce pic n'avait pas ete clairement observe en raison de difficultes techniques liees a ce type d'experience. D'autre part, la theorie d'Eliashberg appliquee a la partie reelle de la conductivite du niobium nous a revele l'importance des mesures hyperfrequences pour mieux extraire la partie basse frequence de la densite spectrale alphasp2F(omega). Cette possibilite est attrayante puisque c'est precisement la region de frequences de alphasp2F(omega) ou les donnees d'effet tunnel sont imprecises. Les resultats obtenus sur la longueur de penetration dans les organiques et les cuprates ont permis de montrer que le gap presente des lignes de zeros au niveau de Fermi ou qu'il est, a tout le moins, fortement anisotrope. En effet, la dependance en temperature de la longueur de penetration dans les cristaux purs est lineaire a basse temperature et elle devient quadratique dans les cristaux dopes. Pour le cas des supraconducteurs organiques quasi-bidimensionnels (Et)sb2X, nous avons aussi observe un maximum sur la partie reelle de la conductivite qui n'a rien a voir avec un pic de coherence. Pour ces composes, nous avons effectue une des toutes premieres etudes des fluctuations supraconductrices en temperature et en champ magnetique. Nous montrons que la paraconductivite sigmasp' due aux fluctuations presente un comportement de type Aslamazov-Larkin de nature tridimensionnelle. Ces mesures sont appuyees par les resultats theoriques d'un modele Ginzburg

Fusion of multimodal medical images. Application to dynamic tri dimensional study of vertebral column; Fusion d`images medicales multimodales. Application a l`etude tridimensionnelle dynamique de la colonne vertebrale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunie, L

1992-12-01

The object of this thesis is to put in correspondence images coming from different ways. The area of application is biomedical imaging, particularly dynamic imaging in three dimensional calculations of spinal cord. The use of computers allows modeling. Then a study of validation by clinical experimentation on spinal cord proves the efficiency of the simulation.

The high dose response of silicon carbide MESFET; Reponse d'un transistor MESFET SiC irradie a de tres fortes doses cumulees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brisset, C.; Picard, C.; Joffre, F. [CEA Saclay, Dept. d' Electronique et d' Instrumentation Nucleaire, LETI, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Noblanc, O.; Brylinski, C. [Thomson-CSF Lab. Central de Recherches, 91 - Orsay (France)

1999-07-01

The performance of MESFET-SiC transistors submitted to {sup 60}Co gamma radiation has been studied. MESFETs irradiated in the passing mode present a satisfactorily behaviour till cumulated dose below 10 MGy(Si). The off-state operating mode is the most unfavourable, in this case a complete loss of functionality was observed, followed by a slow comeback to an almost normal functioning after several months of rest. (A.C.)

Individual response to ionising radiation: What predictive assay(s) to choose?; Reponse individuelle aux radiations ionisantes: quel(s) test(s) predictif(s) choisir?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Granzotto, A.; Viau, M.; Devic, C.; Maalouf, M.; Thomas, Ch.; Vogin, G.; Foray, N. [Inserm, U836, groupe de radiobiologie, institut des neurosciences, chemin Fortune-Ferrini, 38042 Grenoble (France); Granzotto, A.; Vogin, G.; Balosso, J. [Centre de hadrontherapie Etoile, 69008 Lyon (France); Joubert, A. [Societe Magelis, 84160 Cadenet (France); Maalouf, M. [Centre national d' etudes spatiales, 75001 Paris (France); Vogin, G.; Colin, C. [EA 3738, faculte de medecine, Lyon-Sud, 69921 Oullins (France); Malek, K.; Balosso, J. [Service de radiotherapie, CHU A.-Michallon, 38042 Grenoble (France); Colin, C. [Service de radiologie, CHU Lyon-Sud, 69490 Pierre-Benite (France)

2011-02-15

Individual response to ionizing radiation is an important information required to apply an efficient radiotherapy treatment against tumour and to avoid any adverse effects in normal tissues. In 1981, Fertil and Malaise have demonstrated that the post-irradiation local tumor control determined in vivo is correlated with clonogenic cell survival assessed in vitro. Furthermore, these authors have reminded the relevance of the concept of intrinsic radiosensitivity that is specific to each individual organ (Fertil and Malaise, 1981) [1]. To date, since clonogenicity assays are too time-consuming and do not provide any other molecular information, a plethora of research groups have attempted to determine the molecular bases of intrinsic radiosensitivity in order to propose reliable and faster predictive assays. To this aim, several approaches have been developed. Notably, the recent revolution in genomic and proteomics technologies is providing a considerable number of data but their link with radiosensitivity still remains to be elucidated. On another hand, the systematic screening of some candidate genes potentially involved in the radiation response is highlighting the complexity of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of DNA damage sensing and signalling and shows that an abnormal radiation response is not necessarily due to the impairment of one single protein. Finally, more modest approaches consisting in focusing some specific functions of DNA repair seem to provide more reliable clues to predict over-acute reactions caused by radiotherapy. In this review, we endeavored to analyse the contributions of these major approaches to predict human radiosensitivity. (authors)

Combustion and environment. The answers from the energy and equipment suppliers; Combustion et environnement. Les reponses des fournisseurs d`energie et d`equipements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

This paper is a reprint of an article published in `Energie Plus` magazine which questions the capability of commercial fuels and combustion equipments (central heating plants, burners, turbines and engines) available today of respecting the limit values of pollutant emissions (SO{sub x}, NO{sub x}, CO, dusts) of forthcoming regulations. An analysis of the situation is given separately for the fuels (natural gas, coal, heavy fuels) with a stress on the competition aspects, and for the combustion systems (turbines, diesel and gas engines, central heating plants). (J.S.)

Atomic power engineering under falsified safety standards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ackerman, A.J.

1974-01-01

In July 1970 the United States Department of Justice accused the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act and of acting in restraint of trade by restricting the ASME Certificate of Authorization and the use of the Code Symbol Stamps to boilers and pressure vessels manufactured in the United States and Canada. During the succeeding two years attorneys for the parties in the case formulated a Consent Decree without a public confrontation in the Court. Furthermore, the membership of ASME was kept uninformed until October of 1972, after the Consent and Final Judgment had become effective and new procedures had been developed for allowing foreign manufacturers to apply the ASME Code Symbol Stamps to their products. As a consequence, a breakdown in engineered safety standards has been sanctioned and this is undermining the engineering profession's overriding reponsibility to protect the public health and safety. This breakdown of professional responsibility is especially serious in the new technology of atomic power. American insurance companies, which have traditionally written 100% insurance coverage for property damage and third party liability against explosions of high pressure steam boilers bearing the ASME Code Stamp, have refused to write such insurance coverage on nuclear reactors. In the author's opinion there is evidence that the Consent was formulated under collusive proceedings and he calls on the members and the Council of ASME to appeal for dismissal of the Consent Decree. 24 refs

Nałkowska and Komornicka, or: Whose Fault It Was

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brygida Helbig-Miszewski

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The author analyses the love-hate relationship between Zofia Nałkowska and her seven years’ senior, the legendary painter Maria Komornicka, who was for a time romantically ivolved with Zofia’s father — Wacław Nałkowski — and her friend — Cezary Jellenta. The relationship between the two writers has excited emotional reponses from researchers for many years. Two critics specializing in Komornicka have shown their interest most explicitly: Izabela Filipiak and Edward Boniecki. They accuse Nałkowska of not maginalizing Komornicka’s role in women’s literature of early 20th century, of unfeeling attitude for Komornicka’s tragic fate, even though Nałkowska was inspired by her in the early age, and of the failure to help Komornicka, when she was declared insane and disempowered after her symbolic transformation into a man. Researchers have so far seen Komornicka as a lost and harmed person, whereas Nałkowska was perceived as the morally questionable winner. However, Hanna Kirchner, who specializes in Nałkowska, has recently shown interesting sources of Nałkowska’s dislike for Komornicka, pointing out to a forgotten juvenile poem called Historia „For­poczt”. The author of the article, who also wrote a monograph about Maria Komornicka, analyses the arguments presented by critics of both writers, observing the relation between Nałkowska and Komornicka from a neutral ground, without sharing the dynamic of hasty accusations.

Local and distant recurrences in rectal cancer patients are predicted by the nonspecific immune response; specific immune response has only a systemic effect - a histopathological and immunohistochemical study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagtegaal, Iris D; Marijnen, Corrie AM; Kranenbarg, Elma Klein; Mulder-Stapel, Adri; Hermans, Jo; Velde, Cornelis JH van de; Krieken, J Han JM van

2001-01-01

Invasion and metastasis is a complex process governed by the interaction of genetically altered tumor cells and the immunological and inflammatory host reponse. Specific T-cells directed against tumor cells and the nonspecific inflammatory reaction due to tissue damage, cooperate against invasive tumor cells in order to prevent recurrences. Data concerning involvement of individual cell types are readily available but little is known about the coordinate interactions between both forms of immune response. The presence of inflammatory infiltrate and eosinophils was determined in 1530 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma from a multicenter trial. We selected 160 patients to analyze this inflammatory infiltrate in more detail using immunohistochemistry. The association with the development of local and distant relapses was determined using univariate and multivariate log rank testing. Patients with an extensive inflammatory infiltrate around the tumor had lower recurrence rates (3.4% versus 6.9%, p = 0.03), showing the importance of host response against tumor cells. In particular, peritumoral mast cells prevent local and distant recurrence (44% versus 15%, p = 0.007 and 86% versus 21%, p < 0.0001, respectively), with improved survival as a consequence. The presence of intratumoral T-cells had independent prognostic value for the occurrence of distant metastases (32% versus 76%, p < 0.0001). We showed that next to properties of tumor cells, the amount and type of inflammation is also relevant in the control of rectal cancer. Knowledge of the factors involved may lead to new approaches in the management of rectal cancer

Patient preferences in print advertisement marketing for plastic surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanan, Akshay; Quinn, Candace; Spiegel, Jeffrey H

2013-05-01

Plastic surgeons are competing for their share of a growing but still limited market, thus making advertising an important component in a successful plastic surgery practice. The authors evaluate the variables, characteristics, and presentation features that make print advertisements most effectively pique the interest of individuals selecting a plastic surgeon. An online survey was administered to 404 individuals with active interest in plastic surgery from 10 major metropolitan areas. Participants were presented with 5 different advertisements from plastic surgeons throughout the country and were asked a series of both closed- and open-ended questions to assess verity, quality, and marketability of each advertisement. Reponses to open-ended questions were analyzed using the Wordle program (www.wordle.net). The most frequent themes identified for all 5 ads were "Being beautiful is possible" (41%), "I could be beautiful" (24%), "Some people need surgery to be beautiful" (16%), and "Being beautiful is important" (14%). Advertisement 1-featuring 3 women and no pre- or posttreatment photography, no physician photography, and a listing of the 3 physicians' credentials but not a list of the services provided-received the highest overall preference rating. Factors including emotions felt while reading, unique qualities of the advertisement, list of procedures performed, use of models versus actual patients, and pictures of the plastic surgeons were found to contribute to the respondents' overall perception of advertisements used to market a plastic surgery practice.

Dynamic analysis of multibody system immersed in a fluid medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, R.W.; Liu, L.K.; Levy, S.

1977-01-01

This paper is concerned primarily with the development and evaluation of an analysis method for the reponse prediction of immersed systems to seismic and other dynamic excitations. For immersed multibody systems, the hydrodynamic interaction causes coupled motion among the solid bodies. Also, under intense external excitations, impact between bodies may occur. The complex character of such systems inhibit the use of conventional analytical solutions in closed form. Therefore, approximate numerical schemes have been devised. For an incompressible, inviscid fluid, the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies are determined to be linearly proportional to the acceleration of the vibrating solid bodies; i.e., the presence of the fluid only affects the inertia of the solid body system. A finite element computer program has been developed for computing this hydrodynamic (or added) mass effect. This program can be used to determine the hydrodynamic mass of a two-dimensional fluid field with solid bodies of arbitrary geometry. Triangular elements and linear pressure interpolation function are used to discretize the fluid region. The component element method is used to determine the dynamic response of the multibody system to externally applied mechanical loading or support excitation. The present analysis method for predicting the dynamic response of submerged multibody system is quite general and pertains to any number of solid bodies. However in this paper, its application is demonstrated only for 4 and 25 body systems. (Auth.)

Regional GRACE-based estimates of water mass variations over Australia: validation and interpretation

Science.gov (United States)

Seoane, L.; Ramillien, G.; Frappart, F.; Leblanc, M.

2013-04-01

Time series of regional 2°-by-2° GRACE solutions have been computed from 2003 to 2011 with a 10 day resolution by using an energy integral method over Australia [112° E 156° E; 44° S 10° S]. This approach uses the dynamical orbit analysis of GRACE Level 1 measurements, and specially accurate along-track K Band Range Rate (KBRR) residuals (1 μm s-1 level of error) to estimate the total water mass over continental regions. The advantages of regional solutions are a significant reduction of GRACE aliasing errors (i.e. north-south stripes) providing a more accurate estimation of water mass balance for hydrological applications. In this paper, the validation of these regional solutions over Australia is presented as well as their ability to describe water mass change as a reponse of climate forcings such as El Niño. Principal component analysis of GRACE-derived total water storage maps show spatial and temporal patterns that are consistent with independent datasets (e.g. rainfall, climate index and in-situ observations). Regional TWS show higher spatial correlations with in-situ water table measurements over Murray-Darling drainage basin (80-90%), and they offer a better localization of hydrological structures than classical GRACE global solutions (i.e. Level 2 GRGS products and 400 km ICA solutions as a linear combination of GFZ, CSR and JPL GRACE solutions).

Optical Characterization of Tissue Phantoms Using a Silicon Integrated fdNIRS System on Chip.

Science.gov (United States)

Sthalekar, Chirag C; Miao, Yun; Koomson, Valencia Joyner

2017-04-01

An interface circuit with signal processing and digitizing circuits for a high frequency, large area avalanche photodiode (APD) has been integrated in a 130 nm BiCMOS chip. The system enables the absolute oximetry of tissue using frequency domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fdNIRS). The system measures the light absorbed and scattered by the tissue by measuring the reduction in the amplitude of signal and phase shift introduced between the light source and detector which are placed a finite distance away from each other. The received 80 MHz RF signal is downconverted to a low frequency and amplified using a heterodyning scheme. The front-end transimpedance amplifier has a 3-level programmable gain that increases the dynamic range to 60 dB. The phase difference between an identical reference channel and the optical channel is measured with a 0.5° accuracy. The detectable current range is [Formula: see text] and with a 40 A/W reponsivity using the APD, power levels as low as 500 pW can be detected. Measurements of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of solid tissue phantoms using this system are compared with those using a commercial instrument with differences within 30%. Measurement of a milk based liquid tissue phantom show an increase in absorption coefficient with addition of black ink. The miniaturized circuit serves as an efficiently scalable system for multi-site detection for applications in neonatal cerebral oximetry and optical mammography.

Utilização de probiótico e de lactulose no controle de hiperamonemia causada por desvio vascular portossistêmico congênito em um cão Use of probiotic and lactulose to control hyperammonemia secundary to a congenital portosystemic shunt in a dog

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Martini de Brum

2007-04-01

Full Text Available O desvio vascular portossistêmico pode ser congênito ou adquirido nos cães. A enfermidade pode levar a alterações neurológicas decorrentes de encefalopatia hepática e a hiperamonenia é um dos mecanismos implicados na fisiopatologia deste quadro. O tratamento clínico visa a reduzir os níveis séricos de amônia com o uso de antibióticos e lactulose. Em humanos com hepatopatias, os probióticos podem ser utilizados para reduzir a hiperamonemia. A resposta clínica e laboratorial de um cão com desvio vascular portossistêmico foi demonstrada com a utilização de lactulose e de probiótico, isoladamente e associados, sendo que a melhor evolução foi obtida na terapia conjunta.The portosystemic shunt may be congenital or acquired in dogs. The disease can cause neurologic signs manifested by hepatic encephalopathy. The hyperammonemia is a mechanism involved on the physiopathology of this disorder. The objective of the clinical treatment is to decrease the levels of ammonia with antibiotics and lactulose. In human medicine, probiotics are used to reduce the hyperammonemia in patients with hepatic diseases. This report compares the use of lactulose and probiotic monotherapy and in association in a dog with congenital portosystemic shunt, showing the patient’s clinical and laboratorial evolutions. The better clinical and laboratorial reponse was obtained with the association of lactulose and probiotic.

Optimization of smart Heusler alloys from first principles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Entel, Peter, E-mail: entel@thp.uni-duisburg.de [Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration, CeNIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg (Germany); Siewert, Mario; Gruner, Markus E. [Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration, CeNIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg (Germany); Chakrabarti, Aparna [Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration, CeNIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg (Germany); Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh (India); Barman, Sudipta R. [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh (India); Sokolovskiy, Vladimir V.; Buchelnikov, Vasiliy D. [Condensed Matter Physics Department, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001, Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation)

2013-11-15

Highlights: ► We investigate the tensile deformation of single crystalline Ni–Mn–Ga stripes by DIC. ► Mechanical constraints (fixation, bending) determine the type of twin boundary formed during training in a magnetic field. ► Orientation of strain bands (45° or 84° inclination) depends on the type of twin boundary. ► The twinning stress is lower for twin boundaries inclined by 84° compared to the case of 45°. -- Abstract: The strong magnetoelastic interaction in ternary X{sub 2}YZ Heusler alloys is reponsible for the appearance of magnetostructural phase transitions and related functional properties such as the magnetocaloric and magnetic shape-memory effects. Here, X and Y are transition metal elements and Z is usually an element from the III–V group. In order to discuss possibilities to optimize the multifunctional effects, we use density functional theory calculations from which the martensitic driving forces of the magnetic materials can be derived. We find that the electronic contribution arising from the band Jahn–Teller effect is one of the major driving forces. The ab initio calculations also give a hint of how to design new intermetallics with higher martensitic transformation temperatures compared to the prototype alloy system Ni–Mn–Ga. As an example, we discuss quarternary Pt{sub x}Ni{sub 2−x}MnGa alloys which have properties very similar to Ni–Mn–Ga but exhibit a higher maximal eigenstrain of 14%.

The development of a very high stability electrostatic generator (1962); Etude et realisation d'un generateur electrostatique a tres haute stabilite (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jonckheere, R.E.L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

This thesis deals with the study of an electrostatic high voltage generator having a voltage stability of the order of 10{sup -6} per minute. This equipment should be very useful in electron microscopy. The electrostatic generator is studied as a control system element: transfer function, parasitic signals and noise are determined and a mathematical model is proposed. A theoretical study of the open loop transfer function, stability, transient response, voltage stabilization of five different control systems shows which one should be able to fulfill the requirements There follows a detailed study of drift, a description of the actual system and performance data. (author) [French] Cette etude concerne un generateur electrostatique capable de fournir une tres haute tension continue dont la stabilite relative est de l'ordre de 10{sup -6} pendant une minute. Une telle performance rend cet appareillage tres utile en microscopie electronique. La generatrice electrostatique est etudiee en tant qu'element d'un systeme asservi: on determine successivement la fonction de transfert, les perturbations, le bruit de fond et le modele mathematique. L'etude de cinq differents circuits de regulation en ce qui concerne leur fonction de transfert, stabilite, reponse en regime transitoire, attenuation des perturbations, permettra de choisir le systeme qui semble le mieux repondre aux exigences. Viennent ensuite une etude detaillee de la derive, la description de la realisation pratique et les resultats de mesure. (auteur)

Fractionation of Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Roles of Bacteria during Denitrification

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, J.; Buyanjargal, A.; Jeen, S. W.

2017-12-01

Nitrate in groundwater can cause health and environmental problems when not properly treated. The purpose of this study was to develop a treatment method for nitrate in groundwater using organic carbon-based reactive mixtures (i.e., wood chips and gravel) through column experiments and to evaluate reaction mechanisms responsible for the treatment. The column experiments were operated for a total of 19 months. The results from the geochemical analyses for the experiments suggest that cultures of denitrifying bacteria used organic carbon while utilizing nitrate as their electron acceptor via denitrification process. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in all samples, accounting for 45.7% of the bacterial reads, followed by Firmicutes (22.6%) and Chlorobi (10.6%). Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria_c consisted of 32, 30, 23, 11, and 2% of denitrifying bacteria class. The denitrification process caused fractionation of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate while nitrate concentration decreased. When fitted to the Rayleigh's fractionation model, enrichment factors (ɛ) were 11.5‰ and 5.6‰ for 15N and 18O isotopes, respectively. Previous studies suggested that nitrogen isotope enrichment factors of denitrification are within the range of 4.7 to 40‰ and oxygen isotopic enrichment factors are between 8 and 18.3‰. This study shows that nitrate in groundwater can be effectively treated using passive treatment systems, such as permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), and denitrificaton is the dominant process reponsible for the removal of nitrate.

Tridimensional ultrasonic images analysis for the in service inspection of fast breeder reactors; Analyse d'images tridimensionnelles ultrasonores pour l'inspection en service des reacteurs a neutrons rapides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dancre, M

1999-11-01

Tridimensional image analysis provides a set of methods for the intelligent extraction of information in order to visualize, recognize or inspect objects in volumetric images. In this field of research, we are interested in algorithmic and methodological aspects to extract surface visual information embedded in volume ultrasonic images. The aim is to help a non-acoustician operator, possibly the system itself, to inspect surfaces of vessel and internals in Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR). Those surfaces are immersed in liquid metal, what justifies the ultrasonic technology choice. We expose firstly a state of the art on the visualization of volume ultrasonic images, the methods of noise analysis, the geometrical modelling for surface analysis and finally curves and surfaces matching. These four points are then inserted in a global analysis strategy that relies on an acoustical analysis (echoes recognition), an object analysis (object recognition and reconstruction) and a surface analysis (surface defects detection). Few literature can be found on ultrasonic echoes recognition through image analysis. We suggest an original method that can be generalized to all images with structured and non-structured noise. From a technical point of view, this methodology applied to echoes recognition turns out to be a cooperative approach between morphological mathematics and snakes (active contours). An entropy maximization technique is required for volumetric data binarization. (author)

Evaluation of residual stresses in composite materials by using neutron diffraction; study of elasto-plasticity; Etude des composites a matrice metallique par la technique de la diffraction de neutrons: analyse du comportement elastoplastique et evaluation des contraintes residuelles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Levy-Tubiana, R

1999-11-05

This work deals with the study of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) using neutrons diffraction method and the analysis of the elastoplastic behavior in such materials. First, we evaluated macro-stresses in aluminium MMC reinforced with 17%vol. of SiC particles. One of the analyzed sample has been 4 point bending deformed, measurements have been performed after relaxation. The difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion constrains the matrix to be in tensile state and the particles in compressive state in the sample which has not be deformed. In the sample deformed, the MMC response is predicted by the science of Resistance Materials applied to a bent bar. We assume that macro-stresses are the sum of stresses with different origins (elastic, plastic, thermal mismatch): elastic mismatch is evaluated by Eshelby model and we determined micro-stresses in the unbent bar: they are equivalent and constant along width direction. For the bent bar, we observe relaxation of thermal stresses in the surface region. Theses results are confirmed by measurements of tensile/compressive sample using neutrons diffraction method. We also observed the influence of mechanical and thermal treatment on such MMC: the shear stress (established by the auto-coherent model) depends only on the way of cooling. Finally, a study was performed on titanium MMC for SNECMA on rotor beings used in the gas turbine engine industry. Evolution of stresses between felloe and boring is confirmed by a finite elements modeling and they are the first experimental results in this application. (author)

Automatic apparatus and data transmission for field response tests of the ground; Automatisation et teletransmission des donnees pour les tests de reponse du terrain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laloui, L.; Steinmann, G.

2004-07-01

This is the report on the third part of a development started 1998 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland. Energy piles are becoming increasingly used as a heat exchanger and heat storage device, as are geothermal probes. Their design and sizing is subject to some uncertainty due to the fact that the planner has to estimate the thermal and mechanical properties of the ground surrounding the piles or probes. The aim of the project was to develop an apparatus for field measurements of thermal and mechanical properties of an energy pile or a geothermal probe (thermal response tests). In the reported third phase of the project the portable apparatus was equipped with a data transmission device using the Internet. Real-time data acquisition and supervision is now implemented and data processing has been improved. Another goal of the project was to obtain the official accreditation of such response tests according to the European standard EN 45,000. First operation experience from a test in Lyon, France is reported.

Current signal of silicon detectors facing charged particles and heavy ions; Reponse en courant des detecteurs silicium aux particules chargees et aux ions lourds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamrita, H

2005-07-01

This work consisted in collecting and studying for the first time the shapes of current signals obtained from charged particles or heavy ions produced by silicon detectors. The document is divided into two main parts. The first consisted in reducing the experimental data obtained with charged particles as well as with heavy ions. These experiments were performed at the Orsay Tandem and at GANIL using LISE. These two experiments enabled us to create a data base formed of current signals with various shapes and various times of collection. The second part consisted in carrying out a simulation of the current signals obtained from the various ions. To obtain this simulation we propose a new model describing the formation of the signal. We used the data base of the signals obtained in experiments in order to constrain the three parameters of our model. In this model, the charge carriers created are regarded as dipoles and their density is related to the dielectric polarization in the silicon detector. This phenomenon induces an increase in permittivity throughout the range of the incident ion and consequently the electric field between the electrodes of the detector is decreased inside the trace. We coupled with this phenomenon a dissociation and extraction mode of the charge carriers so that they can be moved in the electric field. (author)

Approches pour la reduction de l'impact de defaut dans le transport d'energie du parc eolien offshore via VSC-HVDC =

Science.gov (United States)

Benadja, Mounir

nouvelle commande proposee MRAC qui reduit la profondeur de l'impact a 35%. Lors de l'apparition des defauts AC et DC, une reduction de l'impact des defauts sur l'amplitude des courants de reseau AC terrestre et du temps de reponse a ete observee et la stabilite du systeme a ete renforcee par l'utilisation de la commande adaptative basee sur le modele de reference MRAC. La quatrieme contribution concerne une nouvelle commande basee sur le mode de glissement (SM) appliquee pour la station VSC-HVDC qui relie le parc eolien offshore (OWF) au reseau principal AC. Ce parc est compose de dix eoliennes basees sur des generatrices synchrones a aimant permanent (VSWT/PMSGs) connectees en parallele et chacune est controlee par son propre convertisseur DC-DC. Une comparaison des performances entre la commande SM et de la commande non-lineaire avec des controleurs PI pour les deux conditions (presence et absence de defaut DC) a ete analysee et montre la superiorite de la commande par SM. Un prototype du systeme etudie a echelle reduite a ete realise et teste au laboratoire GREPCI en utilisant la carte dSPACE-DS1104 pour la validation experimentale. L'analyse et la simulation des systemes etudies sont developpees sous l'environnement Matlab/Simulink/Simpowersystem. Les resultats obtenus a partir des configurations developpees sont valides par simulation et par experimentation. Les performances sont tres satisfaisantes du point de vue reponse dynamique, reponse en regime permanent, stabilite du systeme et qualite de l'energie.

Application of the Hess-Brezowsky classification to the identification of weather patterns causing heavy winter rainfall in Brittany (France

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Planchon

2009-07-01

Full Text Available An accurate knowledge of the weather patterns causing winter rainfall over the Scorff watershed in western Brittany (W. France was developed prior to studies of the impact of the climate factor on land use management, and of the hydrological reponses to rain-producing weather patterns. These two studies are carried out in the context of the climate change. The identification of rainy air-circulation types was realized using the objective computational version of the 29-type Hess and Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen system of classifying European synoptic regimes, for the cold season (November-March of the 1958–2005 period at the reference weather station of Lorient, and 13 other stations located in western and southern Brittany, including a more detailed study for the wet 2000–2001 cold season for three reference stations of the Scorff watershed (Lorient, Plouay and Plouray. The precipitation proportion (including the days with rainfall ≥20 mm was calculated by major air-circulation type (GWT: see Appendix A and by individual air-circulation subtype (GWL: see Appendix A for the studied time-period. The most frequently occurrence of rainy days associated with westerly and southerly GWL confirmed well-known observations in western Europe and so justify the use of the Hess-Brezowsky classification in other areas outside Central Europe. The southern or south-western exposure of the watershed with a hilly inland area enhanced the heavy rainfall generated by the SW and S circulation types, and increased the difference between the rainfall amounts of coastal and inland stations during the wettest days.

Aspect as a Driver of Soil Carbon and Water Fluxes in Desert Environments

Science.gov (United States)

Sutter, L., Jr.; Barron-Gafford, G.; Sanchez-Canete, E. P.

2016-12-01

Within dryland environments, precipitation and incoming energy are the primary determinants of carbon and water cycling. We know aspect can influence how much sun energy reaches the ground surface, but how does this spatial feature of the landscape propagate into temporal moisture and carbon flux dynamics? We made parallel measurements across north and south-facing slopes to examine the effects of aspect on soil temperature and moisture and the resulting soil carbon and water flux rates within a low elevation, desert site in the Santa Catalina-Jemez Critical Zone Observatory. We coupled spatially distributed measurements at a single point in time with diel patterns of soil fluxes at singular point and in response to punctuated rain events. Reponses concerning aspect after spring El Niño rainfall events were complex, with higher cumulative carbon flux on the south-facing slope two weeks post rain, despite higher daily flux values starting on the north-facing slope ten days after the rain. Additional summer monsoon rain events and dry season measurements will give further insights into patterns under hotter conditions of periodic inter-storm drought. We will complete a year-round carbon and water flux budget of this site by measuring throughout the winter rainfall months. Ultimately, our work will illustrate the interactive effects of a range of physical factors on soil fluxes. Critical zone soil dynamics, especially within dryland environments, are very complex, but capturing the uncertainty around these flux is necessary to understand concerning vertical carbon and water exchange and storage.

Study of thermocouples for control of high temperatures; Etude de thermocouples pour le reperage des hautes temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villamayor, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Faculte des Sciences de l' Universite de Lyon - 69 (France)

1967-07-01

Previous works have shown that the tungsten-rhenium alloys thermocouples were a good instrument for control of high temperatures. From its, the author has studied the W/W 26 per cent and W 5 per cent Re/W 26 per cent Re french manufactured thermocouples and intended for control of temperatures in nuclear reactors until 2300 deg. C. In 'out-pile' study he determines the general characteristics of these thermocouples: average calibration curves, thermal shocks influence, response times, and alloys allowing the cold source compensation. The evolution of these thermocouples under thermal neutron flux has been determined by 'in-pile' study. The observations have led the author to propose a new type of thermocouples settled of molybdenum-columbium alloys. (author) [French] Des travaux anterieurs ont montre que les thermocouples des alliages tungstene-rhenium etaient susceptibles de reperer avec precision des hautes temperatures. A partir de la, l'auteur a etudie las thermocouples W/W 26 pour cent Re et W 5 pour cent Re/W 26 pour cent Re de fabrication francaise et destines au controle des temperatures dans les reacteurs nucleaires, jusqu'a 2300 deg. C Dans l'etude 'hors-pile' il a determine les caracteristiques generales de ces thermocouples: courbes d'etalonnage moyen, influence des chocs thermiques, temps de reponse, et alliages assurant la compensation de soudure froide. L'etude 'en-pile' a permis de rendre compte de l'evolution de ces thermocouples sous flux neutroniques. Les phenomenes observes ont conduit l'auteur a proposer un nouveau type de thermocouples constitues d'alliages molybdene-niobium. (auteur)

Research and development efforts in the implementation of nuclear power programme in Indonesia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suhaemi, T.

1986-04-01

Research and development efforts in the implementation of nuclear power programme in Indonesia are presented. According to Indonesia Law, the National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) is an official body which is reponsible for all aspects of nuclear development. In implementing the nuclear power, BATAN together with the State Electricity Corporation (PLN) have pioneered the introduction of nuclear power plant in Indonesia by carrying out various activities, studies, seminars, workshops and report writings. A nuclear power planning study was carried out jointly with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The feasibility studies were also carried out by NIRA, an Italian consultant firm in cooperation with BATAN and PLN. To improve research and development, BATAN has established 5 research nuclear centres which function as centres of basic and applied research, isotope and radiation application, standardization and calibration and uranium exploration. Nowadays BATAN is constructing a sophisticated and multidisciplinary complex at Serpong near Jakarta. It is hoped that the participation of the national industry can be synchronized to the construction of the first nuclear power in Indonesia. To endorse the movement towards the industrial and technological future, the National Centre for Research, Science and Technology (known as PUSPITEK) has been established. There will be 12 different laboratories providing facilities for research and development of all aspects of technology. For training manpower, BATAN has established the Education and Training Centre (PUSDIKLAT). BATAN has also collaborated with universities, such as Gadjahmada University in Yogyakarta, in establishing Nuclear Engineering Division in the School of Engineering. 6 refs, 3 figs

On risk analysis for repositories in northern Switzerland: extent and probability of geological processes and events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buergisser, H.M.; Herrnberger, V.

1981-01-01

The literature study assesses, in the form of expert analysis, geological processes and events for a 1200 km 2 -area of northern Switzerland, with regard to repositories for medium- and high-active waste (depth 100 to 600 m and 600 to 2500 m, respectively) over the next 10 6 years. The area, which comprises parts of the Tabular Jura, the folded Jura and the Molasse Basin, the latter two being parts of the Alpine Orogene, has undergone a non-uniform geologic development since the Oligocene. Within the next 10 4 to 10 5 years a maximum earthquake intensity of VIII-IX (MSK-scale) has been predicted. After this period, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the area, glaciations will probably occur, with associated erosion of possibly 200 to 300 m. Fluvial erosion as a reponse to an uplift could reach similar values after 10 5 to 10 6 years; however, there are no data on the recent relative vertical crustal movements of the area. The risk of a meteorite impact is considered small as compared to that of these factors. Seismic activity and the position and extent of faults are so poorly known within the area that the faulting probability cannot be derived at present. Flooding by the sea, intrusion of magma, diapirism, metamorphism and volcanic eruptions are not considered to be risk factors for final repositories in northern Switzerland. For the shallow-type repositories, the risk of denudation and landslides have to be judged when locality-bound projects have been proposed. (Auth.)

Development of a power-period calculation unit for nuclear reactor Control; Etude et realisation d'un ensemble de calcul puissance periode pour le controle d'un reacteur nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1966-10-01

The apparatus studied is a digital calculating assembly which makes it possible to prepare and to present numerically the period and power of a nuclear reactor during operation, from start-up to nominal power. The pulses from a fission chamber are analyzed continuously, using real time. A small number of elements is required because of the systematic use of a calculation technique comprising the determination of a base 2 logarithm by a linear approximation. The accuracy obtained for the period is of the order of 14%; the response time of the order of the calculated period value. An approximate value of the power (30%) is given at each calculation cycle together with the power thresholds required for the control. (author) [French] L'appareil etudie est un ensemble de calcul digital permettant d'elaborer et d'afficher numeriquement la periode et la puissance, d'un reacteur nucleaire lors de son fonctionnement depuis le demarrage jusqu'a la puissance nominale. Il traite en temps reel, de facon continue, les impulsions en provenance d'une chambre de fission. Grace a l'utilisation systematique d'une technique de calcul, la determination d'un logarithme a base 2 par approximation lineaire, un nombre reduit d'elements est utilise. La precision obtenue sur la periode est de l'ordre de 14 pour cent, le temps de reponse de l'ordre de la valeur de la periode calculee. Un ordre de grandeur de la puissance (30 pour cent) est donne a chaque cycle de calcul ainsi que des seuils de puissance necessaires au controle. (auteur)

Instructional multimedia: An investigation of student and instructor attitudes and student study behavior

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background Educators in allied health and medical education programs utilize instructional multimedia to facilitate psychomotor skill acquisition in students. This study examines the effects of instructional multimedia on student and instructor attitudes and student study behavior. Methods Subjects consisted of 45 student physical therapists from two universities. Two skill sets were taught during the course of the study. Skill set one consisted of knee examination techniques and skill set two consisted of ankle/foot examination techniques. For each skill set, subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The control group was taught with live demonstration of the examination skills, while the experimental group was taught using multimedia. A cross-over design was utilized so that subjects in the control group for skill set one served as the experimental group for skill set two, and vice versa. During the last week of the study, students and instructors completed written questionnaires to assess attitude toward teaching methods, and students answered questions regarding study behavior. Results There were no differences between the two instructional groups in attitudes, but students in the experimental group for skill set two reported greater study time alone compared to other groups. Conclusions Multimedia provides an efficient method to teach psychomotor skills to students entering the health professions. Both students and instructors identified advantages and disadvantages for both instructional techniques. Reponses relative to instructional multimedia emphasized efficiency, processing level, autonomy, and detail of instruction compared to live presentation. Students and instructors identified conflicting views of instructional detail and control of the content. PMID:21693058

Report on geologic exploration activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-01-01

This report provides an overview of the geological exploration activities being carried out as part of the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) Program, which has been established by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to develop the technology and provide the facilities for the safe, environmentally acceptable isolation of civilian high-level and transuranic nuclear wastes, including spent fuel elements, for which the Federal government is reponsible. The principal programmatic emphasis is on disposal in mined geologic repositories. Explorations are being conducted or planned in various parts of the country to identify potential sites for such repositories. The work is being undertaken by three separate but coordinated NWTS project elements. Under the Basalt Waste Isolation Project (BWIP), basalt formations underlying DOE's Hanford Reservation are being investigated. Granite, tuff, and shale formations at the DOE Nevada Test Site (NTS) are being similarly studied in the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI). The Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation (ONWI) is investigating domed salt formations in several Gulf Coast states and bedded salt formations in Utah and Texas. Th ONWI siting studies are being expanded to include areas overlying crystalline rocks, shales, and other geohydrologic systems. The current status of these NWTS efforts, including the projected budgets for FY 1981, is summarized, and the criteria and methodology being employed in the explorations are described. The consistency of the overall effort with the recommendations presented in the Report to the President by the Interagency Review Group on Nuclear Waste Management (IRG), as well as with documents representing the national technical consensus, is discussed

Optical loop framing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalibjian, R.; Chong, Y.P.; Prono, D.S.; Cavagnolo, H.R.

1984-06-01

The ATA provides an electron beam pulse of 70-ns duration at a 1-Hz rate. Our present optical diagnostics technique involve the imaging of the visible light generated by the beam incident onto the plant of a thin sheet of material. It has already been demonstrated that the light generated has a sufficiently fast temporal reponse in performing beam diagnostics. Notwithstanding possible beam emittance degradation due to scattering in the thin sheet, the observation of beam spatial profiles with relatively high efficiencies has provided data complementary to that obtained from beam wall current monitors and from various x-ray probes and other electrical probes. The optical image sensor consists of a gated, intensified television system. The gate pulse of the image intensifier can be appropriately delayed to give frames that are time-positioned from the head to the tail of the beam with a minimum gate time of 5-ns. The spatial correlation of the time frames from pulse to pulse is very good for a stable electron beam; however, when instabilities do occur, it is difficult to properly assess the spatial composition of the head and the tail of the beam on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Multiple gating within a pulse duration becomes desirable but cannot be performed because the recycle time (20-ms) of the TV system is much longer than the beam pulse. For this reason we have developed an optical-loop framing technique that will allow the recording of two frames within one pulse duration with our present gated/intensified TV system

Progress report, Biology and Health Physics Division, April 1 to June 30, 1978

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of neutrons reflected by the body of a wearer of a neutron threshold activation detector have been determined experimentally. Agreement with the previously calculated effect was good. Calculations and experiments are in progress on the response of organic scintillators to fast neutron and gamma radiation. Other work in health physics included examination of the feasibility of using water-permeable membranes to separate HTO from HT and design of instrumentation for measuring discharge of radio-xenons from a Mo-99 production plant. A variety of environmental research programs included studies dealing with the effects of thermal stress on food-chain organisms in fresh water and mobility of arsenic in sand columns. Computer studies on linked health records will be phased out at Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. Similar work will be performed at Statistics Canada, the University of British Columbia, and in Hawaii under its cancer register. Work in biology has continued to focus upon the effects of radiation on a variety of organisms, ranging from bacterial viruses to humans. The principal target for long-term biological effects of radiation on all living organisms is DNA. The chemical nature of damage caused in DNA by radiation and the response of cells to this damage is being studied by a variety of biochemical and genetic techniques. Studies on cultured skin cells from various humans have shown interesting characteristics associated with different rare hereditary diseases. It has now been shown that repair-deficient ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells are surprisingly different from repair-proficient AT cells in their reponse to ultraviolet light at 313 nm. (OST)

Corrosion in the presence of a complexing agent - application to the continuous determination of hydrofluoric acid in the atmosphere; Corrosion en presence de complexant. - Application a la determination en continu de l'acide fluorhydrique dans l'atmosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chapron, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France)

1966-10-01

After a presentation of the thermodynamics and kinetics involved during corrosion in the presence of a complexing agent, the first part of this report deals with the electrochemical properties of an aluminium electrode in the presence of fluoride solutions. Various physical and chemical parameters have been studied together with their influence on the aforementioned properties. From this first part are deduced the medium and the various parameters which lead to the maximum efficiency for the detection of fluorides by amperometry. The second part is an application of the results of the above work, which has made it possible to develop a cell having an original design. Its performances are described. They show that the cell has a greater sensitivity and a shorter response time than existing equipment. (author) [French] Apres un rappel sur la thermodynamique et la cinetique de la corrosion en presence de complexant, la premiere partie du memoire est consacree a l'etude des proprietes electrochimiques de l'electrode d'aluminium, en presence de solutions de fluorure. Differents parametres physiques et chimiques ont ete etudies ainsi que leurs influences sur les dites proprietes. De cette premiere partie on en a deduit le milieu et les divers parametres a fixer de facon a obtenir un rendement optimum au vue de la detection des fluorures par amperometrie. La deuxieme partie, qui est l'application des renseignements tires du travail deja cite, a permis de mettre au point une cellule de conception nouvelle. Ses performances sont decrites. Elles indiquent une sensibilite plus grande, un temps de reponse plus court que les appareils existants. (auteur)

MicroRNA-195 induced apoptosis in hypoxic chondrocytes by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha.

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, R; Zhao, A-Q; Zhao, Z-Q; Liu, W-L; Jian, D-M

2015-02-01

The chondrocytes, the resident cells of cartilage, are maintained and take effects in the whole life upon chronic hypoxic exposure, which hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) play pivotal roles in response to. Dysregulation of some microRNA (miRNAs) have also been identified to be involved in hypoxia-related physiologic and pathophysiologic responses in some tissues or cell lines. However, the mechanism of miRNAs reponse to hypoxia remain largely unknown in chondrocytes, including the microRNA-195 (miR-195). AIM To investigate the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) on chondrocytes in physiologic environment. We compared the expression of miR-195 and HIF-1α mRNA on hypoxia with that on normoxia in ATDC 5 cells by qRT-PCR. Further experiments was performed to confirmed the relationships of miR-195 and HIF-1α by bioinformatics analysis and dual reporter gene assay. we also assessed the effect of miR-195 on apoptosis in hypoxic ATDC 5 cells by transfect with miR-195 mimics. It was found the downregulated miR-195 and upregulated HIF-1α were present in hypoxic ATDC 5 cells. miR-195 negatively regulated HIF-1α by targeting its 3'-untranslated region. Moreover, the founding indicated miR-195 greatly increased apoptosis and downregulated HIF-1α mRNA occurred simultaneously in hypoxic chondrocytes. We concluded that miR-195 induced apoptosis in hypoxic chondrocytes by directly targeting HIF-1α.

Instructional multimedia: An investigation of student and instructor attitudes and student study behavior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cavanaugh Cathy

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Educators in allied health and medical education programs utilize instructional multimedia to facilitate psychomotor skill acquisition in students. This study examines the effects of instructional multimedia on student and instructor attitudes and student study behavior. Methods Subjects consisted of 45 student physical therapists from two universities. Two skill sets were taught during the course of the study. Skill set one consisted of knee examination techniques and skill set two consisted of ankle/foot examination techniques. For each skill set, subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The control group was taught with live demonstration of the examination skills, while the experimental group was taught using multimedia. A cross-over design was utilized so that subjects in the control group for skill set one served as the experimental group for skill set two, and vice versa. During the last week of the study, students and instructors completed written questionnaires to assess attitude toward teaching methods, and students answered questions regarding study behavior. Results There were no differences between the two instructional groups in attitudes, but students in the experimental group for skill set two reported greater study time alone compared to other groups. Conclusions Multimedia provides an efficient method to teach psychomotor skills to students entering the health professions. Both students and instructors identified advantages and disadvantages for both instructional techniques. Reponses relative to instructional multimedia emphasized efficiency, processing level, autonomy, and detail of instruction compared to live presentation. Students and instructors identified conflicting views of instructional detail and control of the content.

Variability of ethics education in laboratory medicine training programs: results of an international survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruns, David E; Burtis, Carl A; Gronowski, Ann M; McQueen, Matthew J; Newman, Anthony; Jonsson, Jon J

2015-03-10

Ethical considerations are increasingly important in medicine. We aimed to determine the mode and extent of teaching of ethics in training programs in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. We developed an on-line survey of teaching in areas of ethics relevant to laboratory medicine. Reponses were invited from directors of training programs who were recruited via email to leaders of national organizations. The survey was completed by 80 directors from 24 countries who directed 113 programs. The largest numbers of respondents directed postdoctoral training of scientists (42%) or physicians (33%), post-masters degree programs (33%), and PhD programs (29%). Most programs (82%) were 2years or longer in duration. Formal training was offered in research ethics by 39%, medical ethics by 31%, professional ethics by 24% and business ethics by 9%. The number of reported hours of formal training varied widely, e.g., from 0 to >15h/year for research ethics and from 0 to >15h for medical ethics. Ethics training was required and/or tested in 75% of programs that offered training. A majority (54%) of respondents reported plans to add or enhance training in ethics; many indicated a desire for online resources related to ethics, especially resources with self-assessment tools. Formal teaching of ethics is absent from many training programs in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, with heterogeneity in the extent and methods of ethics training among the programs that provide the training. A perceived need exists for online training tools, especially tools with self-assessment components. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Perception of quality of maternal healthcare services among women utilising antenatal services in selected primary health facilities in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria

Science.gov (United States)

Emelumadu, Obiageli F.; Onyeonoro, Ugochukwu Uchenna; Ukegbu, Andrew Ugwunna; Ezeama, Nkiru N.; Ifeadike, Chigozie Ozoemena; Okezie, Obasi Kanu

2014-01-01

Background: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing antenatal care service attendees’ perception of quality of maternal healthcare (MHC) services in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 310 pregnant women utilising antenatal care (ANC) services in three purposively selected primary health centres (PHCs) in rural communities in Anambra State were studied. Reponses were elicited from the participants selected consecutively over a 4-month period, using a pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, utilisation and perception of MHC services. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 17. Results: Findings showed that utilisation of facility for both antenatal (97.0%; 95% CI, 94.4–98.4%) and natal services (92.7%; 95% CI 89.2–95.2%) were quite high. Generally, most of the women were satisfied with MHC services (89.7%). Most of them were satisfied with the staff attitude (85.1%), waiting time (84.1%) and cost of services (79.5%). Being ≥30 years (X2 = 4.61, P = 0.032), married (X2 = 9.70, P = 0.008) and multiparous (X2 = 9.14, P = 0.028), as well as utilisation of formal health facility for antenatal (X2 = 26.94, P = 0.000) and natal (X2 = 33.42, P = 0.000) services were associated with satisfaction with maternal health services. Conclusions: The study showed high level of satisfaction with quality of maternal health services among antenatal attendees and highlights the need to strengthen interventions that increase uptake of formal MHC services. PMID:24791050

Non small cells stage I bronchial cancers: three-dimensional radiotherapy and radiotherapy in stereotactic conditions; Cancers bronchiques non a petites cellules de stade I: radiotherapie tridimensionnelle et radiotherapie en conditions stereotaxiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schipman, B.; Bosset, J.F. [CHU, 25 - Besancon (France); Marchesi, V.; Beckendorf, V.; Desandes, E.; Peiffert, D. [CRLCC Alexis-Vautrin, 54 - Vandaeuvre-les-Nancy (France); Bosset, M. [CHU, 26 - Valence (France)

2010-10-15

The authors report a comparison between three-dimensional conformation radiotherapy and robotic irradiation in stereotactic conditions (with CyberKnife) for patients suffering from a bronchial cancer with no small cells of stage I. Acute and late toxicity have been recorded, and the monitoring comprised a clinic examination and a thoracic scanography. The external radiotherapy results in an important local control rate and an acceptable toxicity. Some prospective studies are still needed to compare three-dimensional conformation respiratory-gated radiotherapy and radiotherapy in stereotactic conditions. Short communication

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter as the Gamma Component of a Nuclear Accident Dosimeter; Utilisation du Dosimetre Thermoluminescent Comme Element Detecteur Gamma d'un Dosimetre pour les cas d'Accident Nucleaire; 0422 0415 0420 041c 0414 ; Los Detectores de Termoluminiscencia Como Elemento Gammametrico de un Dosimetro para Casos de Accidente Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Handloser, J. S. [Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

1965-06-15

dans les dosimetres a utiliser en cas d'accident. Il a essaye diverses sortes de dosimetres en verre, de dosimetres a films, de dosimetres chimiques et de dosimetres a polymerisation, mais le dosimetre thermoluminescent est celui qui presente le plus d'avantages. En raison de sa grande etendue de mesure, le dosimetre thermoluminescent peut etre utilise a la fois comme appareil de controle radiologique quotidien et comme dosimetre en cas d'accident. Ce systeme rend inutile remploi d'instruments speciaux pour la dosimetrie des accidents et permet d'utiliser a cette fin les instruments bien calibres d'usage quotidien. Habituellement, l'etendue de mesure d'un dosimetre thermoluminescent est de 5 mr a 100 000 r, avec une reproductibilite de {+-} 10%. L'auteur a concu et fabrique un modele unique de dosimetre a fluorure de calcium avec dispositif de lecture pouvant mesurer de 5 mr a 5000 r. La lecture du dosimetre est realisee par chauffage du phosphore et mesure de la lumiere emise. On dispose d'instruments de lecture a six echelles de graduation et des systemes entierement automatises sont prevus. La lecture a l'aide de chacun de ces appareils ne prend pas plus de 20 s par dosimetre. Un autre avantage du dosimetre thermoluminescent est sa faible reponse aux neutrons. La reponse aux neutrons varie selon le type du support et le type de phosphore. Un modele de dosimetre au fluorure de calcium a une reponse aux neutrons de 0.27 x 10{sup -9} rad/n/cm{sup 2}. L'auteur examine deux formes physiques de dosimetres thermoluminescents. Le premier est un dosimetre a chauffage interne place sous vide dans une capsule de verre; il a approximativement les dimensions suivantes: diametre 1 cm, longueur 6 cm. Le second modele est constitue par un tube de verre de faible section dans lequel le phosphore est scelle. Ce dosimetre a un diametre de 0,8 mm et une longueur de 6 mm. L'auteur a concu des ecrans de correction de la reponse a l 'energie pour ces deux types de dosimetres. (author

Ultimate disposal of radioactive waste - Long-term safe containment. Also a contribution to giving concrete shape to our reponsibility towards the life of future generations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naeser, H.W.; Oberpottkamp, U.

1995-01-01

A fundamental issue arising in connection with the plan approval procedure for the construction and operation of radwaste repositories is the question whether the documentation submitted in evidence of appropriate precaution being taken according to the state of the art in science and technology to prevent damage to the population and the environment, is to include evidence that the precautions envisaged and their efficiency can be maintained by the operator over a prolonged period of time. The opinion of the authors is that demanding such evidence of long-term safe containment of hazardous waste is in agreement with Art. 20 a GG (German Constitution) and is to be given for the full period of time that is accessible to assessment and computation using the state-of-the-art means and technology, yielding reliable scientific results void of any data of a speculative nature. Computed evidence is to be submitted for this period of time in compliance with the means and principles given in section 45 StrlSchV (Radiation Protection Ordinance). The article thus is a contribution to giving more concrete shape to the responsibility towards future generations. (orig.) [de

Algorithmes de couplage RANS et ecoulement potentiel

Science.gov (United States)

Gallay, Sylvain

Dans le processus de developpement d'avion, la solution retenue doit satisfaire de nombreux criteres dans de nombreux domaines, comme par exemple le domaine de la structure, de l'aerodynamique, de la stabilite et controle, de la performance ou encore de la securite, tout en respectant des echeanciers precis et minimisant les couts. Les geometries candidates sont nombreuses dans les premieres etapes de definition du produit et de design preliminaire, et des environnements d'optimisations multidisciplinaires sont developpes par les differentes industries aeronautiques. Differentes methodes impliquant differents niveaux de modelisations sont necessaires pour les differentes phases de developpement du projet. Lors des phases de definition et de design preliminaires, des methodes rapides sont necessaires afin d'etudier les candidats efficacement. Le developpement de methodes ameliorant la precision des methodes existantes tout en gardant un cout de calcul faible permet d'obtenir un niveau de fidelite plus eleve dans les premieres phases de developpement du projet et ainsi grandement diminuer les risques associes. Dans le domaine de l'aerodynamisme, les developpements des algorithmes de couplage visqueux/non visqueux permettent d'ameliorer les methodes de calcul lineaires non visqueuses en methodes non lineaires prenant en compte les effets visqueux. Ces methodes permettent ainsi de caracteriser l'ecoulement visqueux sur les configurations et predire entre autre les mecanismes de decrochage ou encore la position des ondes de chocs sur les surfaces portantes. Cette these se focalise sur le couplage entre une methode d'ecoulement potentiel tridimensionnelle et des donnees de section bidimensionnelles visqueuses. Les methodes existantes sont implementees et leurs limites identifiees. Une methode originale est ensuite developpee et validee. Les resultats sur une aile elliptique demontrent la capacite de l'algorithme a de grands angles d'attaques et dans la region post

Low dimensionality semiconductors: modelling of excitons via a fractional-dimensional space

Science.gov (United States)

Christol, P.; Lefebvre, P.; Mathieu, H.

1993-09-01

An interaction space with a fractionnal dimension is used to calculate in a simple way the binding energies of excitons confined in quantum wells, superlattices and quantum well wires. A very simple formulation provides this energy versus the non-integer dimensionality of the physical environment of the electron-hole pair. The problem then comes to determining the dimensionality α. We show that the latter can be expressed from the characteristics of the microstructure. α continuously varies from 3 (bulk material) to 2 for quantum wells and superlattices, and from 3 to 1 for quantum well wires. Quite a fair agreement is obtained with other theoretical calculations and experimental data, and this model coherently describes both three-dimensional limiting cases for quantum wells (L_wrightarrow 0 and L_wrightarrow infty) and the whole range of periods of the superlattice. Such a simple model presents a great interest for spectroscopists though it does not aim to compete with accurate but often tedious variational calculations. Nous utilisons un espace des interactions doté d'une dimension fractionnaire pour calculer simplement l'énergie de liaison des excitons confinés dans les puits quantiques, superréseaux et fils quantiques. Une formulation très simple donne cette énergie en fonction de la dimensionalité non-entière de l'environnement physique de la paire électron-trou. Le problème revient alors à déterminer cette dimensionalité α, dont nous montrons qu'une expression peut être déduite des caractéristiques de la microstructure. α varie continûment de 3 (matériau massif) à 2 pour un puits quantique ou un superréseau, et de 3 à 1 pour un fil quantique, selon le confinement du mouvement des porteurs. Les comparaisons avec d'autres calculs théoriques et données expérimentales sont toujours très convenables, et cette théorie décrit d'une façon cohérente les limites tridimensionnelles du puits quantique (L_wrightarrow 0 et L

Predictive factors for the response of pulmonary tumours treated by robotic stereotactic radiotherapy; Facteurs predictifs pour la reponse des tumeurs pulmonaires traitees par radiotherapie stereotaxique robotisee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doyen, J.; Benezery, K.; Thariat, J.; Angellier, G.; Poudenx, M.; Bondiau, P.Y. [Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 06 - Nice (France); Beckendorf, V. [Centre Alexis-Vautrin, 54 - Nancy (France); Venissac, N. [Centre hospitalo-universitaire Pasteur, 06 - Nice (France)

2010-10-15

The authors report a study which aimed at identifying factors influencing the response to radiotherapy performed in robotic stereotactic conditions with CyberKnife within the frame of treatment of primitive or secondary pulmonary tumours. Thirty eight stage I cancers, 22 metastases including 17 epidermoid carcinomas, and 43 adenocarcinomas have been treated this way. The analysis of data and results reveals that feminine gender, a biological dose greater than 140 Gy, and an age greater than 65 year old are associated with a better tumour response. Short communication

Field biomonitoring using the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis following immunotoxic reponses. Is there a need to separate the two species?

Science.gov (United States)

Evariste, Lauris; David, Elise; Cloutier, Pierre-Luc; Brousseau, Pauline; Auffret, Michel; Desrosiers, Mélanie; Groleau, Paule Emilie; Fournier, Michel; Betoulle, Stéphane

2018-04-02

The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha constitutes an extensively used sentinel species for biomonitoring in European and North American freshwater systems. However, this invasive species is gradually replaced in freshwater ecosystem by Dreissena bugensis, a closely related dreissenid species that shares common morphological characteristics but possess some physiological differences. However, few are known about differences on more integrated physiological processes that are generally used as biomarkers in biological monitoring studies. Declining of zebra mussel populations raises the question of the sustainability of using one or both species indifferently to maintain the quality of environmental pollution monitoring data. In our study, we performed a field comparative study measuring immune-related markers and bioaccumulation of PCBs, PAHs and PBDEs in sympatrically occurring mussel populations from three sites of the St. Lawrence River. For tested organisms, species were identified using RFLP analysis. Measurement of bioaccumulated organic compounds indicated a higher accumulation of PCBs and PBDEs in D. bugensis soft tissues compared to D. polymorpha while no differences were noticed for PAHs. Results of hemocytic parameters highlighted that differences of hemocyte distributions were associated to modulations of phagocytic activities. Moreover, marked differences occurred in measurement of hemocytic oxidative activity, indicating divergences between the two species for ROS regulation strategies. This physiological characteristic may deeply influence species responses facing environmental or pollution related stress and induce bias if the two species are not differentiated in further biomarker or bioaccumulation measurement-based studies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Nitrogen-16 Power Channel in the Melusine Cooling Circuit; Chaine de puissance azote 16 sur le circuit de refrigeration de melusine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tiberghien, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique. Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, 38 - Grenoble (France)

1962-07-01

A power channel, which is to be used on Melusine, the 2 MW pool-type reactor built at Grenoble Nuclear Center, is described. It will be used for measuring of {sup 16}N activity of water after passage through the reactor core. The experimental system as well as the measuring instruments are described. Solutions to problems likely to arise are given. The experimental results show that this power measurement is free from neutron flux local deformations, from control rods position, and from experiments. The power indicated is to {+-}2% the same as the thermodynamic power. Since May 1962, this power channel is used as a reference for the operation of the reactor. It is also provided for on the Siloe 10 MW reactor. (author) [French] L'objet de ce rapport est la description d'une nouvelle chaine de puissance pour la pile piscine 'Melusine' de 2 MW du Centre d'etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble. Il s'agit de la mesure de l'activite en azote 16 de l'eau apres son passage dans le coeur du reacteur. Le dispositif experimental ainsi que les appareils de mesure y sont decrits. Les reponses aux differents problemes poses sont donnees. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que cette mesure de puissance est independante des deformations locales de flux de neutrons, de la position des barres de controle et des manipulations. La puissance indiquee par cette chaine est a 2 % pres identique a la puissance thermodynamique. Depuis mai 1962, elle est utilisee comme reference pour le pilotage de la pile. Elle est aussi prevue sur la pile 'Siloe' de 10 MW. (auteur)

Drug-addiction and boundaries of the Self A psychoanalytical reading through the Rorschach test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Marfisi

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The present research intends to analyse the phenomenon of drug addiction through the Rorschach test. The protocols, analysed according to the French School Method, have been administered to a sample of 10 subjects. The data have been evaluated integrating quantitative and qualitative aspects, which have revealed the main dimensions of the drug addicted personality, mainly regarding the functioning modes of the narcissistic personality based on the over-investment of limits. The results show an impoverished cognitive set where the capacity of the investment in the imaginary activity is absent and a certain rigidity of thinking is revealed. The investment in the formal aspects of the table provides justification of the emotional isolation where the attention to the external reality acts as a defence from an internal reality whose impoverishment is perceived as threatening and distressing. Interesting outcomes are evident in relation to the emotional sphere and the attempt of social adaptation from some indexes such as the quantity of human responses which result to be in the normative range. The Rorschach test provided an important contribution in this evaluation/understanding of the drug addicted personality: if on the one hand it confirmed some basic traits of the functioning of these subjects, on the other hand it provided the possibility to research new and unexpected frontiers that,  from the closure and the over investment of the boundaries of the Self (predominance of formal responses, of “reponses peau”, reaches an attempt of psychic stimulation addressing a “primitive” emotional sphere, in the form of specular relations (reflection responses or partial (Hd.

Are general surgery residents adequately prepared for hepatopancreatobiliary fellowships? A questionnaire-based study

Science.gov (United States)

Osman, Houssam; Parikh, Janak; Patel, Shirali; Jeyarajah, D Rohan

2015-01-01

Background The present study was conducted to assess the preparedness of hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) fellows upon entering fellowship, identify challenges encountered by HPB fellows during the initial part of their HPB training, and identify potential solutions to these challenges that can be applied during residency training. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to all HPB fellows in accredited HPB fellowship programmes in two consecutive academic years (n = 42). Reponses were then analysed. Results A total of 19 (45%) fellows responded. Prior to their fellowship, 10 (53%) were in surgical residency and the rest were in other surgical fellowships or surgical practice. Thirteen (68%) were graduates of university-based residency programmes. All fellows felt comfortable in performing basic laparoscopic procedures independently at the completion of residency and less comfortable in performing advanced laparoscopy. Eight (42%) fellows cited a combination of inadequate case volume and lack of autonomy during residency as the reasons for this lack of comfort. Thirteen (68%) identified inadequate preoperative workup and management as their biggest fear upon entering practice after general surgery training. A total of 17 (89%) fellows felt they were adequately prepared to enter HPB fellowship. Extra rotations in transplant, vascular or minimally invasive surgery were believed to be most helpful in preparing general surgery residents pursing HPB fellowships. Conclusions Overall, HPB fellows felt themselves to be adequately prepared for fellowship. Advanced laparoscopic procedures and the perioperative management of complex patients are two of the challenges facing HPB fellows. General surgery residents who plan to pursue an HPB fellowship may benefit from spending extra rotations on certain subspecialties. Focus on perioperative workup and management should be an integral part of residency and fellowship training. PMID:25387852

Corrosion in the presence of a complexing agent - application to the continuous determination of hydrofluoric acid in the atmosphere; Corrosion en presence de complexant. - Application a la determination en continu de l'acide fluorhydrique dans l'atmosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chapron, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France)

1966-10-01

After a presentation of the thermodynamics and kinetics involved during corrosion in the presence of a complexing agent, the first part of this report deals with the electrochemical properties of an aluminium electrode in the presence of fluoride solutions. Various physical and chemical parameters have been studied together with their influence on the aforementioned properties. From this first part are deduced the medium and the various parameters which lead to the maximum efficiency for the detection of fluorides by amperometry. The second part is an application of the results of the above work, which has made it possible to develop a cell having an original design. Its performances are described. They show that the cell has a greater sensitivity and a shorter response time than existing equipment. (author) [French] Apres un rappel sur la thermodynamique et la cinetique de la corrosion en presence de complexant, la premiere partie du memoire est consacree a l'etude des proprietes electrochimiques de l'electrode d'aluminium, en presence de solutions de fluorure. Differents parametres physiques et chimiques ont ete etudies ainsi que leurs influences sur les dites proprietes. De cette premiere partie on en a deduit le milieu et les divers parametres a fixer de facon a obtenir un rendement optimum au vue de la detection des fluorures par amperometrie. La deuxieme partie, qui est l'application des renseignements tires du travail deja cite, a permis de mettre au point une cellule de conception nouvelle. Ses performances sont decrites. Elles indiquent une sensibilite plus grande, un temps de reponse plus court que les appareils existants. (auteur)

Political authorities of local government

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Messing, M.

1977-01-01

Historically the responsibility for planning, siting, constructing, and operating the generating, transmission, and distribution systems for electric utility service (as well as the end-use systems) developed within the electric utility industry itself, subject to state and local regulation. This responsibility was later sanctioned as a functional authority as both private and publicly-owned utility franchises were negotiated with states and brought under the regulatory purview of Public Service Commissions and Public Utility Commissions around the turn of the century. Since 1970 this historic framework has been substantially altered by the enactment of powerplant siting laws in approximately 23 states and by the assertion of state interests in not only the corporate regulation, but the long range planning of electric powerplants and the consideration of alternative energy systems. Thus it is instructive to consider the authorities for powerplant siting in the following context: (1) historically the reponsibility and the authority for powerplant siting has redounded to franchised utility companies; (2) since 1970 the states have begun to exercise their constitutional authority over the development of power plant siting and energy systems; (3) both local governments and electric utility companies exist as subdivisions of the state, subject to state regulation and the delegation of state authorities. However, the assertion of state authorities in this area has come at a time when changes in the technology an the institutional structure of the electric utility industry have extended the functional service areas beyond the geographic boundaries and political jurisdictions of either local or state government, thereby creating a jurisdictional hiatus between the serivce areas of electric utilities and the jurisdictional authorities of state and local government

A sensitive method for the detection of tritium-marked {beta}-indolylacetic acid in plant cells and tissues at physiological and experimental concentrations (1962); Une methode sensible pour la detection de l'acide {beta}-indolylacetique marque au tritium, dans des cellules et tissus vegetaux a des concentrations physiologiques et experimentales (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figier, J; Khau Van Kien, L; Roux, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

The localisation of {beta}-indolylacetic acid (A.I.A.), a growth auxin is attempted using nuclear indicators ({sup 14}C and tritium). The radio - auto-histographic detection method depends on the insolubilization of A.I.A. 'in situ' by picric acid and basic lead acetate at a suitable pH, the A.I.A. being protected from histological solvents. The results of the detections corresponding to physiological responses during growth tests on Pisum, Avena, Phascolus and Vicia, at concentrations of 10{sup -5} and higher make possible the localisation of tissues in agreement with the auxinic activity and with the relations already known between A.L.A. and cellular formations. By increasing the time of exposures of the sections, it will be possible to attain concentrations which are much lower and more clearly physiological. (authors) [French] La localisation de l'acide {beta}-indolylacetique (A.L.A.), auxine de croissance est abordee avec les indicateurs nucleaires ({sup 14}C et tritium). La methode de detection radio-autohistographique repose sur l'insolubilisation de l'A.I.A. 'in situ' par l'acide picrique et l'acetate basique de plomb a pH convenable, le mettant a l'abri des solvants histologiques. Les resultats des detections correspondant a des reponses physiologiques au cours de test de croissance sur Pisum, Avena, Phascolus et Vicia, a la concentration de 10{sup -5} et plus elevee permettent des localisations tissulaires concordant avec l'activite auxinique et les rapports deja connus de l'A.I.A. avec les formations cellulaires. En prolongeant la duree d'exposition des coupes, il sera possible de descendre a des concentrations bien plus faibles et plus nettement physiologiques. (auteurs)

Conceptualisation of Snowpack Isotope Dynamics in Spatially Distributed Tracer-Aided Runoff Models in Snow Influenced Northern Cathments

Science.gov (United States)

Ala-aho, P. O. A.; Tetzlaff, D.; Laudon, H.; McNamara, J. P.; Soulsby, C.

2016-12-01

We use the Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall-Runoff (STARR) modelling framework to explore non-stationary flow and isotope response in three northern headwater catchments. The model simulates dynamic, spatially variable tracer concentration in different water stores and fluxes within a catchment, which can constrain internal catchment mixing processes, flow paths and associated water ages. To date, a major limitation in using such models in snow-dominated catchments has been the difficulties in paramaterising the isotopic transformations in snowpack accumulation and melt. We use high quality long term datasets for hydrometrics and stable water isotopes collected in three northern study catchments for model calibration and testing. The three catchments exhibit different hydroclimatic conditions, soil and vegetation types, and topographic relief, which brings about variable degree of snow dominance across the catchments. To account for the snow influence we develop novel formulations to estimate the isotope evolution in the snowpack and melt. Algorithms for the isotopic evolution parameterize an isotopic offset between snow evaporation and melt fluxes and the remaining snow storage. The model for each catchment is calibrated to match both streamflow and tracer concentration at the stream outlet to ensure internal consistency of the system behaviour. The model is able to reproduce the streamflow along with the spatio-temporal differences in tracer concentrations across the three studies catchments reasonably well. Incorporating the spatially distributed snowmelt processes and associated isotope transformations proved essential in capturing the stream tracer reponse for strongly snow-influenced cathments. This provides a transferrable tool which can be used to understand spatio-temporal variability of mixing and water ages for different storages and flow paths in other snow influenced, environments.

The impact measure of solid waste management on health: the hazard index

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loredana Musmeci

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The risk associated with waste exposure depends on the level of emissions arising from waste disposal and from the effects of these emissions on human health (dose-reponse. In 2007 an epidemiological study was conducted in two Italian provinces of the Campania Region, namely Naples and Caserta, with the aim of assessing the health effects deriving from exposure to waste. In these studies, the important aspect is the population exposure assessment, in relation to the different types of waste disposal. The Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA Campania has identified and characterized the various authorized/unauthorized dumping sites in the provinces of Naples and Caserta. Most of the waste disposals used are illegal and invisible (sunken or buried; thus, the toxic substances therein contained are unknown and difficult to identify. In order to locate the possible areas exposed to a higher waste-related health risk, a synthetical "hazard index" (at the municipality level was designed. By means of GIS, the number of waste impact areas was identified for each of the 196 municipalities in the two provinces; then, Census data (ISTAT 2001 was used to estimate the proportion of the population living in the impact areas. The synthetical hazard index at municipality level accounts for three elements: a the intrinsic characterization of the waste disposal, determining the way in which the pollutant is released; b the impact area of the dumping site (within 1 km radius, same areas are influenced by more than one site; c the density of the population living in the "impact area" surrounding the waste disposal site.

Presenilin/γ-secretase and inflammation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos A Saura

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Presenilins (PS are the catalytic components of γ-secretase, an aspartyl protease that regulates through proteolytic processing the function of multiple signaling proteins. Specially relevant is the γ-secretase-dependent cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP since generates the β-amyloid (Aβ peptides that aggregate and accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer´s disease (AD patients. Abnormal processing and/or accumulation of Aβ disrupt synaptic and metabolic processes leading to neuron dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Studies in presenilin conditional knockout mice have revealed that presenilin-1 is essential for age-dependent Aβ accumulation and inflammation. By contrast, mutations in the presenilin genes reponsible for early onset familial AD cause rapid disease progression and accentuate clinical and pathological features including inflammation. In addition, a number of loss of function mutations in presenilin-1 have been recently associated to non-Alzheimer's dementias including frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. In agreement, total loss of presenilin function in the brain results in striking neurodegeneration and inflammation, which includes activation of glial cells and induction of proinflammatory genes, besides altered inflammatory responses in the periphery. Interestingly, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs that slow cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD, decrease amyloidogenic Aβ42 levels by modulating allosterically PS/γ-secretase. In this review, I present current evidence supporting a role of presenilin/γ-secretase signaling on gliogenesis and gliosis in normal and pathological conditions. Understanding the cellular mechanisms regulated by presenilin/γ-secretase during chronic inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AD.

Answer to Benjamin Dessus or how the ideology can cloud the best minds; Reponse a Benjamin Dessus ou Comment l'ideologie peut obscurcir les meilleurs esprits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nifenecker, H

2009-01-15

The author aims to clarify the declarations of the article published by Benjamin Dessus, in Mediapart. He accuses him of manipulating data in order to find faults with the french nuclear program and more particularly the electric heating. The author then details and explains many affirmations of Benjamin Dessus: the CO{sub 2} contain of the electricity, which electric production must be taken into account, the nuclear and the energy independence, the french petroleum consumption, the central electric heating, the nuclear reactor power adjustment, the prices. The article of Benjamin Dessus is also provided in annex. (A.L.B.)

Effects of urban air pollution on the inflammatory reaction: involvement of the chemokine pathways; Impact de la pollution atmospherique urbaine sur la reponse inflammatoire: implication des chimiokines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fahy, O.

2000-12-01

Urban air pollution is both gaseous and particulate, and diesel exhausts are now the main source of particles. Diesel particles consist of a carbon core with multiple adsorbed organic compounds, among witch poly-aromatic hydrocarbons. These diesel particles and associated poly-aromatic hydrocarbons are likely to play a role in the recent increase in allergic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diesel organic extracts on the initiation and the orientation of the allergen-dependent inflammatory reaction by analyzing the dis-regulation of a family of mediators involved in cellular recruitment: the chemokines. We demonstrated that mononuclear cells and alveolar macrophages from normal subjects displayed a dis-regulation in pro-inflammatory chemokine expression and production (IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES) when exposed to diesel organic extracts. In addition we observed a synergy between the effects of diesel and allergen when cells from allergic patients were exposed to both simultaneously, leading to a strong over-production of chemokines, and to the increased capacity of recruiting effector cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. The MAP kinase pathways seemed largely involved in the transduction of diesel and allergen stimulus, since a specific inhibition almost abolished the dis-regulation of chemokine production. Diesel and allergen also appeared to favour the establishment of a type 2 immune response (pro-allergenic), by preferentially recruiting Th2 lymphocytes via the dis-regulation of chemokine expression (MDC and IP-10). Finally, the humanized SCID mouse model grafted with autologous human skin allowed the in vivo evaluation of a local over-production of chemokine, by analyzing the cellular recruitment in the skin after intra-dermal injection of recombinant chemokines. This model appears useful for the study of the mechanisms of cellular recruitment by chemokines and the potential therapeutic approaches. In conclusion, our study underlines the deleterious effects of a combined exposure to diesel and allergen on an essential parameter of the inflammatory reaction potentially responsible for the recruitment and activation of an increased number of immune cells, and thus the aggravation of allergic patient symptoms. (author)

Modélisation tridimensionnelle Automate Cellulaire - Éléments Finis (CAFE) pour la simulation du développement des structures de grains dans les procédés de soudage GTAW / GMAW

OpenAIRE

Chen , Shijia

2014-01-01

Grain structure formation during fusion welding processes has a significant impact on the mechanical strength of the joint. Defects such as hot cracking are also linked to the crystallographic texture formed during the solidification step. Direct simulation of three-dimensional (3D) grain structure at industrial scale for welding processes is rarely modeled. In this work, a 3D coupled Cellular Automaton (CA) – Finite Element (FE) model is proposed to predict the grain structure formation duri...

Détermination en tridimensionnel des pertes par courant de Foucault dans la cuve d'un transformateur

Science.gov (United States)

Guérin, Christophe; Tanneau, Gérard; Meunier, Gérard; Sakellaris, Ioannis

1993-03-01

This paper deals with 3D electromagnetic modelling of a transformer so as to evaluate eddy current losses in the tank. In this purpose, several numerical methods have been used with two 3D softwares, FLUX3D (LEG) and TRIFOU (EDF). These methods use either nodal finite elements with the magnetic vector potential (FLUX3D), or the edge finite elements with the magnetic field as the state variable (TRIFOU). Classical volume elements and several special elements have been used : shell elements with the magnetic vector potential for the modelling of thin conducting regions, and surface elements for conducting regions with a small skin depth. The results given by these methods with several characteristics of the tank and magnetic core have been compared and their validity domain has been verified. The shell elements suit well when the skin depth is larger than the tank thickness, whereas in the opposite case, the surface elements for thin skin depth regions are well adapted. Nous présentons la modélisation tridimensionnelle d'un transformateur pour la détermination des pertes par courants de Foucault dans sa cuve. Pour cela, plusieurs méthodes numériques ont été utilisées à l'aide de deux codes de calcul tridimensionnels : FLUX3D (LEG) et TRIFOU (EDF). Ces méthodes utilisent soit les éléments finis nodaux avec le potentiel vecteur magnétique (FLUX3D), soit les éléments finis d'arête avec le champ magnétique comme variable d'état (TRIFOU). Outre l'utilisation des éléments volumiques, nous avons employé des éléments surfaciques de type coque en potentiel vecteur magnétique pour la modélisation de regions conductrices minces, ainsi que des éléments surfaciques pour les régions conductrices présentant une faible épaisseur de peau. Les résultats obtenus avec ces méthodes pour différentes caractéristiques du matériau de la cuve et du circuit magnétique ont permis de vérifier leur domaine de validité. Les éléments de type coque conviennent

SAETTA: high resolution 3D mapping of the lightning activity around Corsica Island

Science.gov (United States)

Coquillat, Sylvain; Defer, Eric; Lambert, Dominique; Pinty, Jean-Pierre; Pont, Véronique; Prieur, Serge

2017-04-01

In the frame of the French atmospheric observatory CORSiCA (http://www.obs-mip.fr/corsica), a total lightning activity detection system called SAETTA (Suivi de l'Activité Electrique Tridimensionnelle Totale de l'Atmosphère) has been deployed in Corsica Island in order to strengthen the potential of observation of convective events causing heavy rainfall and flash floods in the West Mediterranean basin. SAETTA is a network of 12 LMA stations (Lightning Mapping Array) developed by New Mexico Tech (USA). The instrument allows observing lightning flashes in 3D and real time, at high temporal (80 µs) and spatial resolutions. It detects the radiations emitted by cloud discharges in the 60-66 MHz band, in a radius of about 350 km from the centre of the network, in passive mode and standalone (solar panel and batteries). Initially deployed in May 2014, SAETTA operated from July 13 to October 20 in 2014 and from April 19 to December 1st in 2015. It is now in permanent operation since 16 April 2016. Many high quality observations have been performed so far that provide an accurate location in space and time of the convective events. They also bring interesting dynamical and microphysical features of those events. For example the intensity of the convective surges, the transport of charged ice particles in the stratiform area of the thunderclouds can be deduced from SAETTA observations. Specific events have also been detected as well: bolts-from-the-blue, inter cloud discharges, high level discharges in convective but also in stratiform areas, inverted dipoles. The specific lightning patterns of 2015 illustrate the complex influence of the relief, probably via slope and valley winds over Corsica and via induced lee-side convergences over the sea. SAETTA is expected to operate for at least a decade over Corsica so it will participate to the calibration/validation of upcoming lightning detectors from space such as MTG-LI. It will also be a key instrument during the field

Rapid evaluation of the neutron dose following a criticality accident by measurement of {sup 24}Na activity; Evaluation rapide de la dose de neutrons a la suite d'un accident de criticite par mesure de l'activite de {sup 24}Na

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estournel, R [Centre de Production de Plutonium de Marcoule, Service de Protection contre les Rayonnements, 30 (France); Henry, Ph [Centre de Production de Plutonium de Marcoule, Section Medicale et Sociale, 30 (France); Beau, P; Ergas, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Service d' Hygiene Atomique, Dept. de la Protection Sanitaire, Chusclan, (France)

1966-07-01

By external measurement of the gamma activity of {sup 24}Na induced in the human organs by a neutron flux during a criticality accident, it is possible to evaluate the personal dose received. Detectors designed for everyday use in health physics can be applied to these measurements, and this is described in the first part of the work. The response of a certain number of induced-activity detectors is presented. The induced activity-dose relationship is studied theoretically in the second part taking into account the neutron spectrum to which the individual has been subjected. The characteristic spectra of three possible types of accident have been used for deducing this relationship. The results obtained show that the method is sufficiently sensitive for present purposes. The accuracy of this method for calculating the dose received during an experiment is discussed. (authors) [French] La mesure par detection externe de l'activite gamma du sodium 24 induit dans l'organisme humain par un flux de neutrons lors d'un accident de criticite rend possible l'evaluation de la dose recue par un individu irradie. L'utilisation de detecteurs d'un emploi courant en radioprotection fait l'objet d'une experimentation qui constitue la premiere partie de cette etude. La reponse d'un certain nombre de detecteurs a une activite induite connue est presentee. La relation dose-activite induite, est etudiee, de maniere theorique, dans la seconde partie, correlativement au spectre des neutrons qui ont atteint l'individu irradie. Les spectres caracteristiques de trois types d'accidents possibles ont ete retenus pour l'etablissement de ces relations. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la methode satisfait avec une sensibilite suffisante au but recherche. La precision avec laquelle on peut ainsi calculer la dose recue au cours d'un accident de criticite est discutee. (auteurs)

Internship for physicians in Slovenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaber Plavc

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Well-educated and highly-trained physicians are an essential part of high-quality health care. Therefore, quality assurance in medical education must be one of the priorities of health systems. We researched and analysed responses from physicians after completion of internship (IS and their mentors to questions regarding preparedness to IS and IS itself.Methods: In this cross-sectional study electronic surveys were sent to 298 physicians, having completed the IS between February 2014 and February 2015, and to their 200 mentors. Ordinal reponses of two independent groups were compared by Mann-Whitney-U test, while Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparing more than two groups. Frequency distributions of practical procedures that were completed by interns in required quantities were compared between institutions by χ²-test. The same test was used for comparing frequency distributions of binary responses between clinical departments.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the following: in reported preparedness for IS between graduates of the two Slovenian medical faculties; in realisation of practical procedures in quantities as prescribed in the IS program between different health institutions; in agreement with statements about satisfaction between different clinical departments and different institutions; and in reported active participation in patient care between different clinical departments.Conclusions: In this study we identified differences in phisicians' preparedness for IS between the graduates of the two Slovenian medical faculties, as well as differences in realization of IS program between health institutions and clinical departments. Alongside presented descriptive statistics these data allow evaluation of the current quality of IS in Slovenia. Furthermore, the results of this study will permit assessment of quality improvement after realisation of planned IS program renovation.

’n Ondersoek na die bronne van werkstevredenheid en werkstres onder middelvlakbestuurders in die Wes-Kaap

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. C. Strydom

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The general aim of the study is to investigate the different attitudes and perceptions of middle level managers with regard to sources of job satisfaction, sources which contribute to job dissatisfaction, and to job stress. In this regard it was decided to make use of triangulation by which qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Thematic analysis is used on the qualitative level to identify the possible sources of job satisfaction, dissatisfaction and job stress. This method is quantitatively supported by a determination of the frequencies and percentages of subject responses by means of semi structured interviews. On the qualitative level it was found that the experience of success is rated as the most important source of job satisfaction and that interpersonal relationships are the most significant source of job dissatisfaction. Finally it seems that work expectations/ demands appear to be the major source of job stress. Opsomming Die algemene doelstelling van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die verskillende houdings en persepsies van middelvlak-bestuurders rakende werkstevredenheid, sowel as die bronne wat bydra tot werkstres en werksontevredenheid. In dié verband is besluit om van triangulasie gebruik te maak. Op die kwalitatiewe vlak word tematiese analise gebruik om potensiële bronne van werkstevredenheid, ontevredenheid en werkstres te identifiseer. Hierdie metode word verder kwantitatief ondersteun deur ‘n bepaling van frekwensies en persentasies van subjekte se reponse wat uit semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude verkry is. Op die kwalitatiewe vlak blyk dit dat die ervaring van sukses die grootste bron van werkstevredenheid is en dat interpersoonlike verhoudings die bron is wat die meeste bydra tot ontevredenheid. Verder blyk dit dat werksverwagtinge/-eise die grootste bron van werkstres is.

Conception and fabrication of a real time automatic correlator (multi-correlator); Etude et realisation d'un correlateur automatique (multicorrelateur) fonctionnant en temps reel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berthier, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-10-01

The purpose of this work is to elaborate a specific computer able to display the real.time correlation function of two variables represented by two electrical signals. The various functions to be done are dealt with the best suited technology: delays from numerical method, hybrid multiplication, analog integration. This method proved very versatile so that it has been possible to modify the circuits with more performing components without changing the general conception of the whole system. In particular, the bandwidth, which was originally 125 kHz (1966) is now 1 MHz and will be 5 MHz, January 1968. Many results are obtained from the correlator such as: - determination of pulse responses of linear systems (1. and 2. order filters, oscillating circuits); - extraction of signals from noise; - measurement of time and space correlation in a turbulent plasma; - treatment of electro-biological signals. (author) [French] Nous nous sommes proposes de concevoir un calculateur specialise pour l'estimation en temps reel de la fonction de correlation de deux phenomenes representes par deux tensions electriques. Il a ete retenu les procedes de calcul s'adaptant le mieux aux diverses fonctions a realiser: retard par une technique numerique, multiplication hybride, integration analogique. Cette methode s'est revelee tres souple d'emploi: en effet les circuits ont pu etre modifies, sans changer la conception de l'appareil, au fur et a mesure de l'evolution des performances des composants electroniques. Ainsi la bande passante de l'appareil qui initialement etait de 125 KHz (1966) est actuellement de 1 MHz et sera 5 MHz en janvier 1968. De nombreux resultats ont ete obtenus avec l'appareil: - determination de reponses impulsionnelles de systemes lineaires (filtres 1er ordre, 2eme ordre, circuit oscillant, etc... ); - detection de signaux dans le bruit; - mesure de correlation spatiale et temporelle dans le plasma - traitement de signaux electrobiologiques. (auteur)

Musicoterapia: Una modalidad terapéutica para el estrés laboral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen R Victoria García-Viniegras

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Se realiza una breve exposición acerca de la relación entre estrés y enfermedad. Se analiza la importancia del medio laboral como generador de situaciones de estrés y la importancia de los factores mediadores de la respuesta del hombre ante tales situaciones. Se destaca la función del trabajo como elemento para la realización del ser humano y la necesidad de dotar al trabajador de los recursos apropiados para enfrentar el estrés. Se plantea el objetivo esencial de los servicios médicos brindados al trabajador de la Industria Básica concebidos de manera integral y que incluyen la evaluación y tratamiento psicológicos. Un recurso terapéutico escogido por el Profilactorio Nacional Obrero del Ministerio de la Industria Básica lo constituye la musicoterapia. Se definen los principios, indicaciones y nuestra experiencia en la aplicación de esta técnica aplicada a los obreros atendidos en nuestro centro.A brief explanation about the relationship existing between stress and disease is given. It is analyzed the importance of the working environment as a generator of stressing situations and the significance of those factors mediating in man's reponse before such situations. It is underlined the role of work as an element for attaining man's development and the necessity to give workers all the appropiate resources to face stress. It is stated that the medical services the workers from the Basic Industry receive are conceived in a comprehensive manner and that the psychological evaluation and treatment is included. Music therapy is a therapeutic resource selected by the National Prophylactic Center for Workers of the Ministry of the Basic Industry. The principles, indications, as well as our experience are defined on applying this technique to the workers in our center.

Effect of diclofenac alone or in combination with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in healthy and osteoartheritic individuals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Arfaj, Abdurahman S.; Alballa, Sulaiman R.; Mustafa, Ali A.; Al-Tuwajiri, Ali S.; Al-Humayyad, M.S.; Al-Dalaan, Abdullah N.

2004-01-01

To ivestigate the effects of diclofenac alone or when combined with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in healthy and osteoartheritic (OA) patients. The study was carried out at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KIgdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period 1999 to 2000. 12 healthy controls and 12 osteoartheritic patients were recruited to the study. They were given diclofenac 50mg thricedaily orally, initially for 5 days then alpha-tocopherol at 200mg thrice daily orally, was added for another 5 days. Blood samples were drawn before the start of study and at 5 days following treatmentwith diclofenac alone and 10 days following treatment with diclophenac and alpha-tocopherol. Chemiluminescence (CL)reponse was measured for wohle blood and isolated (PMNs) on all samples. Diclofenac enhanced CL response of whole blood and PMNs of healthy controls when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan (OPZ). Cotreatment with alpha-tocopherol resulted in no appreciable change in the CL response of whole blood when stimulated with PMA or OPZ but a further significant enhancement of CL response of isolated PMNs when these cells were stimulated by either PMA or OPZ. In osteoartheritic patients, diclofenac alone and when combined with alpha-tocopherol showed no significant change in CL response of the whole blood.The CL response of PMNs from OA patients was decreased by diclofenac alone. However the inhibitory effect was not observed when alpha-tocopherol was used together with diclofenac. The effect of diclofenac alone or in combination with alpha-tocopherol did not produce a consistent effect on the CL response of whole blood or isolated PMNs of healthy or osteoartheritic patients. (author)

Downstream reporter gene imaging for signal transduction pathway of dopamine type 2 receptor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le, Uyenchi N.; Min, Jung Joon; Moon, Sung Min; Bom, Hee Seung

2004-01-01

The Dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) signal pathway regulates gene expression by phosphorylation of proteins including cAMP reponse element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor. In this study, we developed a reporter strategy using the GAL4 fusion CREB to assess the phosphorylation of CREB, one of the targets of the D2R signal transduction pathway. We used three plasmids: GAL4 fusion transactivator (pCMV-CREB), firefly luciferase reporter with GAL4 binding sites (pG5-FLUC), and D2R plasmid (pCMV-D2R). Group 1 293T cells were transiently transfected with pCMV-CREB and pG5-FLUC, and group 2 cells were transfected with all three plasmids. Transfected cells were stimulated with different concentrations of dopamine (0-200 M). For animal studies, group 1 and 2 cells (1x10 6 ) were subcutaneously injected on the left and right thigh of six nude mice, respectively. Dopamine stimiulation was performed with intraperitoneal injection of L-DOPA incombination with carbidopa, a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. Bioluminescence optical imaging studies were performed before and after L-DOPA injection. In cell culture studies, group 1 cells showed strong luciferase activity which implies direct activation of the signaling pathway due to growth factors contained in culture medium. Group 2 cells showed strong luciferase activity and a further increase after administration of dopamine. In animal studies, group 1 and 2 cells showed bioluminescence signal before L-DOPA injection, but signal from group 2 cells significantly increased 12 h after L-DOPA injection. The signal from group 1 cells disappeared thereafter, but group 2 cells continued to show signal until 36 h of L-DOPA injection. This study demonstrates imaging of the D2R signal transduction pathway and should be useful for noninvasive imaging of downstream effects of G-coupled protein pathways

Semiactive balancing control scheme in a rotor - bearing system supported on Mr. Dampers: design and experiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva Navarro, Gerardo; Cabrera Amado, Alvaro [Cinvestav, IPN, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2007-11-15

This paper deals with the problem of semiactive balancing control of a rotor-bearing system, where one journal bearings is supported on two radial Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers. The mathematical model of the rotor-bearing system results from an orthotropic Jeffcott-like model and the dynamics associated to the MR dampers, whose rheological properties depend on the current inputs. For control purposes we use the Choi-Lee-Park polynomial for the MR dampers, which is quite consistent with the tpical nonlinear and complex hysteresis behavior and also simplifies the physical implementation on an experimental setup. The semiactive control scheme for the unbalance reponse of the rotor-bearing system is synthesized using sliding-mode control techniques. Some numerical and experimental results are included to illustrate the dynamic performance and robustness of the overall system. [Spanish] En este trabajo se abora el problema de control semiactivo del desbalance en un sistema rotor-chumacera, donde una de las chumaceras convencionales se monta sobre una suspension con dos amortiguadores Magneto-Reologicos (MR) radiales. El modelo matematico del sistema rotorchumacera se obtiene de un modelo tipo Jefcott ortotropico y la dinamica de los amortiguadores MR, cuyas propiedades reologicas dependen de las corrientes electricas de alimentacion. Para propositos de control se emplea el modelo polinomial de Choi-Lee-Park para los dos amortiguadores MR, el cual es consistente con el tipico comportamiento no-lineal y de histeresis, permitiendo simplificar su implementacion fisica en una plataforma experimental. El esquema de control semiactivo de la respuesta al desbalance, en el sistema rotor-chumacera, se basa en las tecnicas de control por modos deslizantes. Se presentan algunos resultados de simulacion numerica y experimentos que utilizan el funcionamiento y robustez del sistema completo.

Radioactive thickness gauge (1962); Jauge d'epaisseur radioactive (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guizerix, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

The author describes a thickness gauge in which the scintillating crystal detector alternately 'sees' a radioactive source through the material which is to be measured and then a control source of the same material; the radiations are separated in time by an absorbing valve whose sections are alternately full and hollow. The currents corresponding to the two sources are separated beyond the photomultiplier tube by a detector synchronized with the rotation of the valve. The quotient of these two currents is then obtained with a standard recording potentiometer. It is found that the average value of the response which is in the form G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) is not affected by decay of the radioactive sources, and that it is little influenced by variations of high tension, temperature, or properties of the air in the source detector interval. The performance of the gauge is given. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit une jauge d'epaisseur dans laquelle le cristal scintillant detecteur 'voit' alternativement une source radioactive a travers le materiau a mesurer, puis une source de reference de meme nature; la separation des rayonnements est faite dans le temps a l'aide d'un volet absorbeur a secteurs alternativement pleins et creux. Les courants correspondants aux deux sources sont separes apres le tube photomultiplicateur par un detecteur synchrone avec la rotation du volet. On fait ensuite le quotient de ces deux courants a l'aide d'un potientometre enregistreur classique. il resulte de cette disposition que la valeur moyenne de la reponse, qui est de la forme G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) n'est pas affectee par la decroissance des sources radioactives, et qu'elle est peu sensible aux variations de haute tension, de temperature ou des proprietes de l'air dans l'intervalle source-detecteur. On donne les performances de cette jauge. (auteur)

An audit of Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection in Scottish National Health Service Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratories.

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, C L; Currie, S; Pollock, K; Smith-Palmer, A; Jones, B L

2017-06-01

Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species are protozoan parasites capable of causing gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals through the ingestion of infective faeces. Whereas Cryptosporidium species can be acquired locally or through foreign travel, there is the mis-conception that giardiasis is considered to be largely travel-associated, which results in differences in laboratory testing algorithms. In order to determine the level of variation in testing criteria and detection methods between diagnostic laboratories for both pathogens across Scotland, an audit was performed. Twenty Scottish diagnostic microbiology laboratories were invited to participate with questions on sample acceptance criteria, testing methods, testing rates and future plans for pathogen detection. Reponses were received from 19 of the 20 laboratories representing each of the 14 territorial Health Boards. Detection methods varied between laboratories with the majority performing microscopy, one using a lateral flow immunochromatographic antigen assay, another using a manually washed plate-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and one laboratory trialling a plate-based EIA automated with an EIA plate washer. Whereas all laboratories except one screened every stool for Cryptosporidium species, an important finding was that significant variation in the testing algorithm for detecting Giardia was noted with only four laboratories testing all diagnostic stools. The most common criteria were 'travel history' (11 laboratories) and/or 'when requested' (14 laboratories). Despite only a small proportion of stools being examined in 15 laboratories for Giardia (2%-18% of the total number of stools submitted), of interest is the finding that a higher positivity rate was observed for Giardia than Cryptosporidium in 10 of these 15 laboratories. These findings highlight that the underreporting of Giardia in Scotland is likely based on current selection and testing algorithms.

Implementation of telehealth support for patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin treatment: an exploratory study.

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Jane; Larsen, Mark; Tarassenko, Lionel; Neil, Andrew; Farmer, Andrew

2009-01-01

Initiating and adjusting insulin treatment for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires frequent clinician contacts both face-to-face and by telephone. We explored the use of a telehealth system to offer additional support to these patients. Twenty-three patients with uncontrolled T2D were recruited from nine general practices to assess the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth monitoring and support for insulin initiation and adjustment. The intervention included a standard algorithm for self-titration of insulin dose, a Bluetooth enabled glucose meter linked to a mobile phone, an integrated diary to record insulin dose, feedback of charted blood glucose data and telehealth nurse review with telephone follow-up. Additional contact with patients was initiated when no readings were transmitted for >3 days or when persistent hyper- or hypoglycaemia was identified. Reponses of patients and clinicians to the system were assessed informally. The mean (SD) patient age was 58 years (12) with 78% male. The mean (SD) diabetes duration was 6.4 years (4.5), HbA1c at baseline was 9.5% (2.2), and the decrease in HbA1c at three months was 0.52% (0.91) with an insulin dose increase of 9 units (26). A mean (SD) of 160 (93) blood glucose readings was transmitted per patient in these three months. Practice nurses and general practitioners (GPs) viewed the technology as having the potential to improve patient care. Most patients were able to use the equipment with training and welcomed review of their blood glucose readings by a telehealth nurse. Although the concept of telehealth monitoring is unfamiliar to most patients and practice nurses, the technology improved the support available for T2D patients commencing insulin treatment.

Measurement of a neutral particle flux by a thermal method using the junction temperature effect; Mesure d'un flux de particules neutres par une methode thermique mettant a contribution l'effet de temperature des jonctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caron, Anthime [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires. Services Scientifiques

1966-07-01

Among all the methods suitable for measuring neutral particle fluxes obtained by proton charge exchange in an organic gas, the thermal method has been chosen. The energy imparted by the neutral particles to the target in the form of heat leads to the latter temperature increasing; this temperature is usually followed with a thermocouple. In order to increase the sensitivity and the elegance of the apparatus the thermocouple has been replaced by a junction whose characteristics are known to vary with temperature. A calibration is carried out using a beam of charged particles. The response obtained is linear. Measurements have been made with a power of up to 1 mW; the accuracy increases with the energy provided; for 4 joules an accuracy of 10 per cent is obtained. The apparatus may be improved in particular by extending the measurement range towards low power values, and by increasing the accuracy. (author) [French] Parmi toutes les methodes utilisees pour la mesure d'un flux de particules neutres, obtenues par echange de charge de protons dans un gaz organique, nous avons choisi la methode thermique. L'energie cedee par les particules neutres a la cible sous forme de chaleur provoque une elevation de temperature de celle-ci; cette temperature est habituellement reperee par thermocouple. Pour accroitre la sensibilite et la finesse de l'appareillage, nous avons substitue au thermocouple une jonction dont on sait que les caracteristiques varient avec la temperature. Un etalonnage est realise par un faisceau de particules chargees. La reponse obtenue est lineaire. Des puissances de l'ordre du mW ont ete mesurees; la precision croit avec l'energie apportee; elle est de 10 pour cent quand celle-ci est de 4 joules. L'appareillage peut etre notablement perfectionne, pour reculer la gamme des mesures vers les basses puissances et accroitre la precision. (auteur)

Survey of Pulsed Neutron Source Methods for Multiplying Media; Methodes des Neutrons Pulses Pour l'Etude des Milieux Multiplicateurs; Obzor metodov s ispol'zovaniem istochnikov impul'snykh nejtronov dlya razmnozhayushchej sredy; Estudio Panoramico de los Metodos de Empleo de Fuentes de Neutrons Pulsados en Medios Multiplicadores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garelis, E. [General Electric Company, Vallecitos Atomic Laboratory, Pleasanton, CA (United States)

1965-10-15

. Thus, this makes it possible to apply the methods developed for the repetitive to that of the pseudo-random technique. (author) [French] Depuis quelques annees, il existe deux opinions sur la maniere la plus efficace de mesurer la reactivite d'arret au moyen de generateurs de neutrons puises, savoir: a) les mesures classiques au moyen d'une source puisee a repetition; b) des methodes qui sont fondees sur la reponse a des impulsions pseudo-aleatoires et utilisent une correlation entre l'entree et la sortie. Dans les deux cas, les renseignements pertinents que l'on obtient sont identiques, en d'autres termes, idealement les deux methodes servent a determiner la fonction de reponse. L'auteur retrace l'evolution des methodes de mesure de la reactivite fondees sur les sources puisees dans les systemes a neutrons thermiques, depuis les premieres tentatives de Sjoestrand jusqu'a la recente methode de (k{beta}/ Script-Small-L ). Dans la methode habituelle, la fonction de Green relative a l'assemblage sous-critique - la reponse du reacteur a une source de neutrons a fonction delta - constitue la propriete recherchee. La decroissance exponentielle, exp(-{alpha}t), de la fonction de Green donne une constante de decroissance des neutrons instantanes independante du lieu. L'auteur examine les methodes permettant de deduire la reactivite de la mesure de a , par exemple, la mesure de a a l'etat critique retarde et la recente methode de (k{beta}/ Script-Small-L ). Il etudie notamment les traitements du mode fondamental a la lumiere de la theorie des methodes des neutrons puises, telles qu'elle a ete mise au point pour le modele (k{beta}/ Script-Small-L )- L'auteur examine les incidences de la theorie des neutrons puises en vue d'obtenir des constantes de decroissance precises et les donnees voulues pour l'analyse des systemes puises. Il passe en revue les travaux experimentaux qui font ressortir a la fois les avantages et les limitations de la technique de (k{beta}/ Script

Nuclear toxicology file: cell response to the steady or radioactive chemical elements exposure; Dossier toxicologie nucleaire: reponse cellulaire a l'exposition aux elements chimiques stables ou radioactifs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez, B.S.; Saintigny, Y. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences du Vivant, UMR 217, 92 - Fontenay aux Roses (France); CEA Fontenay aux Roses, IRCM, UMR 217, 92 (France); Adam, Ch. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN:DEI/SECRE), Lab. de Radioecologie et d' Ecotoxicologie, 13 - Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France)

2008-09-15

The cellular response to an exposure in a toxic element is made at different levels. The first level is the agent detoxication by its elimination or its neutralization. The second level is the repair of the damages caused by this agent (for example the DNA repair). The third level is the control of the cellular death programmed to eliminate the irreparably damaged cells.Finally, the hurt cell can inform the nearby cells by producing molecular effectors inducing an abscopal or bystander effect. (N.C.)

Modification of the small-size heating device for the testing of soils' thermal response; Actualisation du mini-module de chauffage pour tests de reponse thermique des terrains

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laloui, L.; Steinmann, G.

2006-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a project that involved the modification of small-size testing equipment. This equipment, built by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, is dedicated to the measurement of the thermal characteristics of soils and geothermal probes. Its characteristics and performance have been improved. The remote data transmission system has also been changed. The improved possibilities presented by this optimised mini-module when, for example, carrying out thermal response tests in bore-hole heat exchangers of more than 300 m depth are described. The modifications made and the tests carried out with the modified equipment are described and discussed.

Three-dimensional histological imaging of primate brain and correlation with in vivo medical device images Imagerie histologique tri-dimensionnelle du cerveau de primate et corrélation avec l'imagerie médicale in vivo

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Julien Dauguet

2011-02-01

Full Text Available The 3D reconstruction of series of histological slices is an imaging technique that appeared about 25 years ago but that is only starting now to become recognized as an imaging modality per se. Thanks to this technique, it becomes possible to restore the spatial consistency of the brain and to match accurately histological slices with an in vivo medical device image such as an MRI or a PET scan. This is of high interest since it allows direct comparison between the histology, often considered as the gold standard in terms of information, and the same medical devices used in clinical routine to image human patients. Thanks to the similarity of their brain with humans and the disease models widely developed for them, non-human primates are privileged species to benefit from this possibility of 3D analysis and in vivo - post mortem correlation. We present in this article a state of the art review of the main techniques proposed to achieve this original imaging technique, followed by a set of some particularly promising neuroimaging applications.La reconstruction 3D de séries de coupes histologiques est une technique d'imagerie qui est apparue il y a 25 ans environ mais qui commence seulement à être reconnue comme une modalité d'imagerie à part entière. Grâce à cette technique, la cohérence 3D du cerveau est rétablie et il devient notamment possible de mettre en correspondance précisément des coupes histologiques avec un examen issu d'un imageur médical comme une IRM ou une TEP. C'est d'un intérêt majeur car cela permet une comparaison directe entre l'histologie, souvent considérée comme la référence étalon en termes d'information fournie, et les mêmes imageurs médicaux que ceux utilisés en routine clinique pour suivre les patients humains. Grâce à leur similarité avec les humains et aux nombreux modèles animaux de maladies développés pour eux, les primates non-humains sont une espèce privilégiée pour bénéficier de cette possibilité d'étude 3D et de corrélation in vivo - post mortem. Nous présentons dans cet article une revue de l'état de l'art des principales techniques qui ont été proposées pour parvenir à réaliser cette imagerie originale, suivi d'un ensemble d'applications particulièrement prometteuses en neuroimagerie.

Elements of response on the mapping of Chernobylsk accident fallout in France; Elements de reponse sur les representations cartographiques des retombees de l'accident de Tchernobyl en France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renaud, Ph.; Leprieur, F.; Metivier, J.M.; Pourcelot, L.; Duffa, C.; Lemaitre, N.; Linden, G.; Champion, D

2004-03-15

The comparison of estimations got with the help of the rain-deposit relationship with results of consolidated measurements, got on well controlled and referred samples is globally positive. These differences, in addition match with the uncertainties that have been previously estimated in the rain-deposit model. (N.C.)

Action des copolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle sur la cinétique de nucléation et de croissance des n-paraffines n milieu hydrocarbure. Effect of Vinyl Ethyleneacetate Copolymers on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of N-Paraffins in a Hydrocarbon Medium.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petinelli J. C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available On cherche à mettre en évidence le mode d'action des copolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle sur la cinétique de cristallisation des n-paraffines en milieu hydro-carbure. On s'attache, notamment, à déterminer si l'efficacité de ces additifs est peu ou prou influencée par le nombre de motifs non paraffiniques contenus dans leur chaîne.On décrit deux montages expérimentaux, l'un permettant d'étudier la cinétique de nucléation, l'autre la cinétique de croissance en solution. On observe, grâce à ces deux dispositifs, que la fréquence de germination tridimensionnelle et la vitesse de croissance des n-paraffines diminuent quand la concentration d'acétate de vinyle dans la solution augmente.On établit une relation entre le taux d'acétate de vinyle de la chaîne des copo-lymères et leur efficacité à retarder la cinétique de nucléation. La cinétique de croissance est discutée. On montre l'adsorption très forte de ces additifs sur les faces des cristaux et que le copolymère le plus riche en groupes acétate de vinyle est celui qui retarde le plus la cinétique de nucléation et de croissance des n- paraffines. An effort is made ta détermine how vinyl ethyleneacetate copolymers effect thé crystallization kinetics of n-paraffins in a hydrocarbon medium. In particular, research was done ta see if thé effectiveness of such additives is in thé least bit influenced by thé number of non-paraffinic patterns contained in their chain.Two expérimental assemblies are described, one for investigating nucléation kinetics, thé other growth kinetics in solution. These two devices are used ta observe thot thé theee-dimensional germination fréquency and growth rate of n-paraffins decrease as thé vinyl-acétate concentration in thé solution increases.A relationship is established between thé vinyl-acétate ratio of thé copolymer chain and thé effectiveness of thé copolymer in delaying thé nucléation kinetics. Growth kinetics

SAETTA: fine-scale observation of the total lightning activity in the framework of the CORSiCA atmospheric observatory

Science.gov (United States)

Coquillat, Sylvain; Defer, Eric; Lambert, Dominique; Martin, Jean-Michel; Pinty, Jean-Pierre; Pont, Véronique; Prieur, Serge

2015-04-01

Located in the West Mediterranean basin, Corsica is strategically positioned for atmospheric studies referred by MISTRALS/HyMeX and MISTRALS/CHARMEX programs. The implementation of the project of atmospheric observatory CORSiCA (supported by the Collectivité Territoriale de Corse via CPER/FEDER funds) was an opportunity to strengthen the potential observation of convective events causing heavy rainfall and flash floods, by acquiring a total lightning activity detection system adapted to storm tracking at a regional scale. This detection system called SAETTA (Suivi de l'Activité Electrique Tridimensionnelle Totale de l'Atmosphère) is a network of 12 LMA stations (Lightning Mapping Array). Developed by New Mexico Tech (USA), the instrument allows observing lightning flashes in 3D and real time, at high temporal and spatial resolutions. It detects the radiations emitted by cloud discharges in the 60-66 MHz band, in a radius of about 300 km from the centre of the network, in passive mode and standalone (solar panel and battery). Each LMA station samples the signal at high rate (80 microseconds), records data on internal hard disk, and transmits a decimated signal in real-time via the 3G phone network. The decimated data are received on a server that calculates the position of the detected sources by the time-of-arrival method and manages a quasi real-time display on a website. The non decimated data intended for research applications are recovered later on the field. Deployed in May and June 2014, SAETTA operated nominally from July 13 to October 20, 2014. It is to be definitively re-installed in spring 2015 after a hardware updating. The operation of SAETTA is contractually scheduled until the end of 2019, but it is planned to continue well beyond to obtain longer-term observations for addressing issues related to climatic trends. SAETTA has great scientific potential in a broad range of topics: physics of discharge; monitoring and simulation of storm systems

DATAR: territorial prospective and sustainable development. Our answer to the climatic challenge is conditioning our competitiveness; Datar: prospective territoriale et developpement durable. Notre reponse au defi climatique conditionne notre competitivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dron, D

2003-09-01

In the context of the climatic change fight, the author wonders on the territorial policies and their impacts on the environment and on the technology development. Some actions are quick to achieve, as the energy energy of buildings, waiting progresses in more sophisticated technologies as the hydrogen fuel. (A.L.B.)

Study of the response of a silicon detector irradiated with 1 MeV neutrons; Etude de la reponse d`un detecteur Si irradie par des neutrons de 1 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roy, P [Montreal Univ., PQ (Canada). Lab. de Physique Nucleaire

1994-12-31

The author studied the response of an n-type silicon detector irradiated with 1 MeV neutrons at fluences ranging from 0.26x10{sup 13} to 11.19x10{sup 13} neutrons/cm{sup 2}. The response of the irradiated detector to {sup 241}Am alpha particles was measured. 13 refs., 7 figs.

Modeling of the climate system and of its response to a greenhouse effect increase; Modelisation du systeme climatique et de sa reponse a une augmentation de l'effet de serre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, L [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Lab. de Meteorologie Dynamique, 75 - Paris (France)

2005-07-01

The anthropic disturbance of the Earth's greenhouse effect is already visible and will enhance in the coming years or decades. In front of the rapidity and importance of the global warming effect, the socio-economical management of this change will rise problems and must be studied by the scientific community. At the modeling level, finding a direct strategy for the validation of climate models is not easy: many uncertainties exist because energy transformations take place at a low level and several processes take place at the same time. The variability observed at the seasonal, inter-annual or paleo- scales allows to validate the models at the process level but not the evolution of the whole system. The management of these uncertainties is an integral part of the global warming problem. Thus, several scenarios can be proposed and their risk of occurrence must be estimated. This paper presents first the greenhouse effect, the climatic changes during geologic times, the anthropic disturbance of the greenhouse effect, the modeling of climate and the forecasting of its evolution. (J.S.)

Radioactive thickness gauge (1962); Jauge d'epaisseur radioactive (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guizerix, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

The author describes a thickness gauge in which the scintillating crystal detector alternately 'sees' a radioactive source through the material which is to be measured and then a control source of the same material; the radiations are separated in time by an absorbing valve whose sections are alternately full and hollow. The currents corresponding to the two sources are separated beyond the photomultiplier tube by a detector synchronized with the rotation of the valve. The quotient of these two currents is then obtained with a standard recording potentiometer. It is found that the average value of the response which is in the form G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) is not affected by decay of the radioactive sources, and that it is little influenced by variations of high tension, temperature, or properties of the air in the source detector interval. The performance of the gauge is given. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit une jauge d'epaisseur dans laquelle le cristal scintillant detecteur 'voit' alternativement une source radioactive a travers le materiau a mesurer, puis une source de reference de meme nature; la separation des rayonnements est faite dans le temps a l'aide d'un volet absorbeur a secteurs alternativement pleins et creux. Les courants correspondants aux deux sources sont separes apres le tube photomultiplicateur par un detecteur synchrone avec la rotation du volet. On fait ensuite le quotient de ces deux courants a l'aide d'un potientometre enregistreur classique. il resulte de cette disposition que la valeur moyenne de la reponse, qui est de la forme G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) n'est pas affectee par la decroissance des sources radioactives, et qu'elle est peu sensible aux variations de haute tension, de temperature ou des proprietes de l'air dans l'intervalle source-detecteur. On donne les performances de cette jauge. (auteur)

Measurements of spectral indices in homogeneous multiplying media; Mesures d'indices de spectre dans les milieux multiplicateurs homogenes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruna, J G; Brunet, J P; Clouet D' Orval, Ch; Verriere, Ph; Kremser, J; Moret-Bailly, J; Tellier, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

Methods for computation of spectra in light water are developed at Saclay and it is interesting to carry out at the same time experimental studies of simple media such as solutions of fissionable salts which allow quite direct comparisons with computed values. The spectral indices measurements were made with two small fission chambers, one containing deposited plutonium, the other deposited uranium 235. Their response, when neutron spectrum is modified, allows to study the epithermal part of the flux. The media studied with these chambers are fissionable solutions (of plutonium or 90 per cent enriched uranium) which were made critical in bare cylindrical geometry in the Alecto reactor. If the ratio of the chambers is normalized to unity in a Maxwell spectrum, then the noted variation of the ratio of the counts Pu chamber/ U{sup 235} chamber reaches 1,4 in the range of the studied concentrations. (authors) [French] Des calculs de spectres dans l'eau legere sont mis au point a Saclay et il est interessant de mener parallelement des etudes experimentale sur des milieux simples tels que des solutions de sels fissiles, qui permettent des comparaisons tres directes avec les valeurs calculees. On a choisi d'effectuer des mesures d' 'indices de spectres' a l'aide de de deux petites chambres a fission contenant des depots, l'une de plutonium, l'autre d'uranium 235. Leur reponse lorsque le spectre des neutrons est modifie permet d'etudier la partie epithermique du flux. Les milieux etudies a l'aide de ces chambres sont des solutions fissiles (plutonium ou uranium enrichi a 90 pour cent) rendus critiques, en geometrie cylindrique nue, dans le reacteur Alecto. Si le rapport des chambres est normalise a un dans un spectre de Maxwell, la variation constatee du rapport des comptages chambre Pu/ chambre U{sup 235} atteint, dans les gammes de concentrations etudiees, 1,4. (auteurs)

The Linkage of Business Community (Case Study of Rattan Industries in the Village of Trangsan, Gatak, Sukoharjo

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Priyono Priyono

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Indonesian industry is likely to snap because it relies on the monopolitic conglomerate’s industry so that it cause the inter relationship between big and smaller units of industry to become weak. The weakness of the industrial relationship is caused by the units independetly. This is different from the industry which is based on community concept emphasizing a main priority to close inter relationship between the units. This research was arried out in Trangsan, Gatak, Sukoharjo, Central Java. Where there is a industrial community which has been a close inter relationship since long time ago. The goal of this research is to know the type and the nature of unit inter relationship in rattan industrial community in Trangsan, and know the strategy how it faced a nationally economical crisis. This research used a survei method. The number of the population was 110 entrepreneurs from Trangsan. The sample was obtained with stratied into three categories, based on number of labour force. Every category was taken 20% as sample based on homogeneity sample, ana the respondent was examined with random sampling. The collected data were presented in frequency and cross table. The analysis of qualitative data used logical rationale, deductive – inductive, analogy and comparison, while the analysis of quantitative data used the analysis of frequency and cross table. The use of these two analysis was the result of the research. These are the result of the research: 1 a inter relationship among small – scalled businesses; 2 there is a weak inter relationship between small and medium scaled industries; 3 the business inter relationship of rattan industries is subcontract in which a part of the big scaled industry’s job is reponsible for the small saled one; 4 the form of the business inter relationship is cooperative; 5 the main strategy of rattan industry community to face nationally economical orisis strengthens their business inter relationship.

Recognition of Highly Diverse Type-1 and -2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses (PRRSVs by T-Lymphocytes Induced in Pigs after Experimental Infection with a Type-2 PRRSV Strain.

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Chungwon J Chung

genetically diverse isolates were induced by infection with a type 2 PRRSV strain (SD23983. If these reponses have cytotoxic or other protective functions, they may help overcome the suboptimal heterologous protection conferred by conventional vaccines.

EN in Japan%日本肠内营养进展

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HarumasaOhyangi

2001-01-01

Despite plyaing important roles in recovery or maintenance ofnutritional state and immunocompetene in malnourished or surgically injured patients,nutritional care has still controversial problems in view of complications related to administered calory,composition of energy substrates and feeding routes.Present presentation would be focused on Japanese articles of enteral nutrition (EN) care with semi digested formula for surgical patients.We have already revealed experimentally and clinically that every EN of semi digested formula is well utilized as energy sources and also that EN exerts tropic influences on gut structure and integrity.On the other hand,EN should be applied carefully to avoid many untoward gastrointestinal reactions.In retrospective analysis of perioperative nutritional care for patients of upper GI tract malignancies we certified that the early applied and stepwisely increased EN plus peripheral parental nutrition could maintain the postoperative nutritional state as well as TPN.Kakegawa et al.performed a clinical evaluation of enteral nutrition-Harmonic M.which contains lactoalbumin and soy protein,MCT and LCT in postoperative upper GI tract malignancies.In a randomized controlled study by telephone method they revealed that Harmonic M could be feasible for postoperative nutritional care of severely stressed surgical patients without any serious complications.Takagi et al investigated how the antecedent nutritional routes influence systemic IL6 and IL10 reponses and endotoxin translocation after an operation for thoracic esophageal cancer.In spite of retrospective analysis they verified as follows:Perioperative EN provides better regulation of inflammatory cytokine responses and may contribute less to immunosupression after major surgery than parenteral nutrition.The attenuated production of endotoxcin induced by EN may play an important role in these phenomena.In the gastroenterological field we revealed that EN was effective on the supportive

SU-F-R-50: Radiation-Induced Changes in CT Number Histogram During Chemoradiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, X; Schott, D; Song, Y; Li, D; Hall, W; Erickson, B; Li, X

2016-01-01

Purpose: In an effort of early assessment of treatment response, we investigate radiation induced changes in CT number histogram of GTV during the delivery of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Diagnostic-quality CT data acquired daily during routine CT-guided CRT using a CT-on-rails for 20 pancreatic head cancer patients were analyzed. All patients were treated with a radiation dose of 50.4 in 28 fractions. On each daily CT set, the contours of the pancreatic head and the spinal cord were delineated. The Hounsfiled Units (HU) histogram in these contourswere extracted and processed using MATLAB. Eight parameters of the histogram including the mean HU over all the voxels, peak position, volume, standard deviation (SD), skewness, kurtosis, energy, and entropy were calculated for each fraction. The significances were inspected using paired two-tailed t-test and the correlations were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation tests. Results: In general, HU histogram in pancreatic head (but not in spinal cord) changed during the CRT delivery. Changes from the first to the last fraction in mean HU in pancreatic head ranged from −13.4 to 3.7 HU with an average of −4.4 HU, which was significant (P<0.001). Among other quantities, the volume decreased, the skewness increased (less skewed), and the kurtosis decreased (less sharp) during the CRT delivery. The changes of mean HU, volume, skewness, and kurtosis became significant after two weeks of treatment. Patient pathological response status is associated with the changes of SD (ΔSD), i.e., ΔSD= 1.85 (average of 7 patients) for good reponse, −0.08 (average of 6 patients) for moderate and poor response. Conclusion: Significant changes in HU histogram and the histogram-based metrics (e.g., meam HU, skewness, and kurtosis) in tumor were observed during the course of chemoradiation therapy for pancreas cancer. These changes may be potentially used for early assessment of treatment response.

Genetic analysis of intracapillary glomerular lipoprotein deposits in aging mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerda A Noordmans

Full Text Available Renal aging is characterized by functional and structural changes like decreased glomerular filtration rate, and glomerular, tubular and interstitial damage. To gain insight in pathways involved in renal aging, we studied aged mouse strains and used genetic analysis to identify genes associated with aging phenotypes.Upon morphological screening in kidneys from 20-month-old mice from 26 inbred strains we noted intracapillary PAS-positive deposits. The severity of these deposits was quantified by scoring of a total of 50 glomeruli per section (grade 0-4. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for apoE, apoB, apoA-IV and perilipin-2 was performed to further characterize the lesions. To identify loci associated with these PAS-positive intracapillary glomerular deposits, we performed haplotype association mapping.Six out of 26 mouse strains showed glomerular PAS-positive deposits. The severity of these deposits varied: NOD(0.97, NZW(0.41, NON(0.30, B10(0.21, C3 H(0.9 and C57BR(0.7. The intracapillary deposits were strongly positive for apoE and weakly positive for apoB and apoA-IV. Haplotype association mapping showed a strong association with a 30-Kb haplotype block on Chr 1 within the Esrrg gene. We investigated 1 Mb on each site of this region, which includes the genes Spata17, Gpatch2, Esrrg, Ush2a and Kctd3.By analyzing 26 aged mouse strains we found that some strains developed an intracapillary PAS and apoE-positive lesion and identified a small haplotype block on Chr 1 within the Esrrg gene to be associated with these lipoprotein deposits. The region spanning this haplotype block contains the genes Spata17, Gpatch2, Esrrg, Ush2a and Kctd3, which are all highly expressed in the kidney. Esrrg might be involved in the evolvement of these glomerular deposits by influencing lipid metabolism and possibly immune reponses.

Are whale sharks exposed to persistent organic pollutants and plastic pollution in the Gulf of California (Mexico)? First ecotoxicological investigation using skin biopsies.

Science.gov (United States)

Fossi, Maria Cristina; Baini, Matteo; Panti, Cristina; Galli, Matteo; Jiménez, Begoña; Muñoz-Arnanz, Juan; Marsili, Letizia; Finoia, Maria Grazia; Ramírez-Macías, Dení

2017-09-01

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species that may be exposed to micro- and macro-plastic ingestion as a result of their filter-feeding activity, particularly on the sea surface. In this pilot project we perform the first ecotoxicological investigation on whale sharks sampled in the Gulf of California exploring the potential interaction of this species with plastic debris (macro-, micro-plastics and related sorbed contaminants). Due to the difficulty in obtaining stranded specimens of this endangered species, an indirect approach, by skin biopsies was used for the evaluation of the whale shark ecotoxicological status. The levels of organochlorine compounds (PCBs, DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) plastic additives, and related biomarkers responses (CYP1A) were investigated for the first time in the whale shark. Twelve whale shark skin biopsy samples were collected in January 2014 in La Paz Bay (BCS, Mexico) and a preliminary investigation on microplastic concentration and polymer composition was also carried out in seawater samples from the same area. The average abundance pattern for the target contaminants was PCBs>DDTs>PBDEs>HCB. Mean concentration values of 8.42ng/g w.w. were found for PCBs, 1.31ng/g w.w. for DDTs, 0.29ng/g w.w. for PBDEs and 0.19ng/g w.w. for HCB. CYP1A-like protein was detected, for the first time, in whale shark skin samples. First data on the average density of microplastics in the superficial zooplankton/microplastic samples showed values ranging from 0.00items/m 3 to 0.14items/m 3 . A focused PCA analysis was performed to evaluate a possible correlation among the size of the whale sharks, contaminants and CYP1A reponses. Further ecotoxicological investigation on whale shark skin biopsies will be carried out for a worldwide ecotoxicological risk assessment of this endangerd species. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study and realisation of a high frequency analyzer; Etude et realisation d'un analyseur de signaux a haute frequence

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourbigot, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-07-01

This device is designed for the amplitude and frequency analysis of electric or electromagnetic signals in the frequency range of 0 to 55 MHz. The frequency spectrum of a preset bandwidth is displayed on the screen of an oscilloscope. Conceived to analyse the electromagnetic oscillations that can be generated in a plasma, its main characteristics are the following: extended bandwidth of analysed frequencies, on both sides of the ion cyclotron frequency in a magnetic field up to 20 kGs; linear amplitude and frequency response; possibility of analysing a narrow band; high sensitivity; analysis repetition rate of 25 per second. The different parts of the analyzer are described after a discussion of the choice of the techniques used in their design. In addition to its present use, the device can be applied to perform all the functions of a commercial spectral analyzer. (author) [French] Cet appareil est destine a l'analyse en frequence et amplitude de signaux electriques ou electromagnetiques dans une gamme de frequences de 0 a 55 MHz. Couple a un oscillographe, il permet de faire apparaitre sur l'ecran, le spectre de frequences dans une gamme choisie. Etudie dans le but d'analyser les oscillations electromagnetiques pouvant apparaitre dans un plasma, ses principales caracteristiques sont les suivantes: une bande etendue de frequences analysees, de part et d'autre de la frequence cyclotronique des ions dans un champ magnetique pouvant atteindre 20 kGs (valeur maximum 55 MHz); une reponse lineaire en amplitude et en frequence; la possibilite d'analyser, une bande restreinte de frequences; une grande sensibilite La frequence d'analyse est de 25 periodes par seconde. Les diverses parties de l'analyseur sont decrites apres l'expose des motifs ayant guide le choix des solutions adoptees pour sa realisation. Les schemas electriques sont egalement presentes. En dehors du but precis qui a motive la realisation de cet appareil, son usage peut s'etendre a toutes les applications

Investigating Underlying Principles to Guide Health Impact Assessment

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Ali Fakhri

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Background Many countries conduct Health Impact Assessment (HIA of their projects and policies to predict their positive and negative health impacts. In recent years many guides have been developed to inform HIA practice, largely reflecting local developments in HIA. These guides have often been designed for specific contexts and specific need, making the choice between guides difficult. The objective of the current study is to identify underlying principles in order to guide HIA practice in Iran. Methods This study was conducted in three stages: 1 Studies comparing HIA guidelines were reviewed to identify criteria used for comparison seeking emphasized principles. 2 The HIA characteristics extracted from published papers were categorized in order to determine the principles that could guide HIA practice. 3 Finally, these principles were agreed by experts using nominal group technique. Results The review of the studies comparing HIA guides demonstrated there are no clear comparison criteria for reviewing HIA guides and no study mentioned HIA principles. Investigating the HIA principles from peer-reviewed papers, we found 14 issues. These were, considering of general features in planning and conducting HIAs such as HIA stream, level, timing and type, considering of the wider socio-political and economic context, considering of economic, technical and legal aspects of HIA and capacities for HIA, rationality and comprehensiveness, using appropriate evidence, elaborating on HIA relation to other forms of Impact Assessment, considering of equity, and encouraging intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation, involvement of stakeholders and transparency as underlying principles to guide HIA practice. The results emphasize how critical these technical as well as tactical considerations are in the early scoping step of an HIA which plans the conduct of the HIA in reponse to local contextual issues. Conclusion Determining the principles of HIA from

Silver nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response in zebrafish

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christen, Verena [University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz (Switzerland); Capelle, Martinus [Crucell, P.O. Box 2048, NL-2301 Leiden (Netherlands); Fent, Karl, E-mail: karl.fent@fhnw.ch [University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz (Switzerland); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich (Switzerland)

2013-10-15

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) find increasing applications, and therefore humans and the environment are increasingly exposed to them. However, potential toxicological implications are not sufficiently known. Here we investigate effects of AgNPs (average size 120 nm) on zebrafish in vitro and in vivo, and compare them to human hepatoma cells (Huh7). AgNPs are incorporated in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL) and Huh7, and in zebrafish embryos. In ZFL cells AgNPs lead to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress response, and TNF-α. Transcriptional alterations also occur in pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax. The transcriptional profile differed in ZFL and Huh7 cells. In ZFL cells, the ER stress marker BiP is induced, concomitant with the ER stress marker ATF-6 and spliced XBP-1 after 6 h and 24 h exposure to 0.5 g/L and 0.05 g/L AgNPs, respectively. This indicates the induction of different pathways of the ER stress response. Moreover, AgNPs induce TNF-α. In zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L AgNPs hatching was affected and morphological defects occurred at high concentrations. ER stress related gene transcripts BiP and Synv are significantly up-regulated after 24 h at 0.1 and 5 mg/L AgNPs. Furthermore, transcriptional alterations occurred in the pro-apoptotic genes Noxa and p21. The ER stress response was strong in ZFL cells and occurred in zebrafish embryos as well. Our data demonstrate for the first time that AgNPs lead to induction of ER stress in zebrafish. The induction of ER stress can have several consequences including the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. - Highlights: • Effects of silver nanoparticles (120 nm AgNPs) are investigated in zebrafish. • AgNPs induce all ER stress reponses in vitro in zebrafish liver cells. • AgNPs induce weak ER stress in zebrafish embryos. • AgNPs induce oxidative stress and transcripts of pro-apoptosis genes.

Effects of pipeline construction on chernozemic and solonetzic A and B horizons in Central Alberta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Landsburg, S. (NOVA Corp. of Alberta, Calgary, AB (Canada))

1989-05-01

The effects of pipeline construction on agricultural soil quality ratings were evaluated for the A and B horizons of Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem and Dark Brown Solonetz soils at three sites in Central Alberta 1 wk after construction. At each site, samples of the Ap horizon from the spoil side, trench, and work side portions of a pipeline right-of-way were compared to a sample of the Ap horizon from an adjacent area unaffected by pipeline construction. Spoil material below replaced topsoil on the trench was compared to a sample of an undisturbed B horizon. Regardless of soil type or land use, construction had no effect on the Ap horizon on the work side. This was due to optimum weather conditions during construction; low rainfall resulted in lack of soil ruting and minimal soil mixing. For both soil types under cultivation, construction increased soluble salt concentrations in the Ap horizons on the spoil side due to mixing of topsoil and spoil materials. There were few effects on the Ap horizon on the spoil side in pasture land, due to trench only topsoil stripping and easy spoil removal from a well-developed sod layer. Both the Ap and spoil from the trench in the Dark Brown Solonetz had increased salt concentrations, while there were few changes in the Dark Brown Chernozem. Mixing of topsoil and spoil material, and bringing salt-enriched material to the spoil surface are thought to be reponsible for the effects due to construction were reflected in the Ap horizon of the trench and spoil side by changes in pH, electrical conductivity, soluble salts and bulk density. Even with the increases in the soil properties monitored, the results indicated that regardless of soil type or land use, pipeline construction did not significantly affect the agricultural soil quality of the A and B horizons. 12 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Investigating underlying principles to guide health impact assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Fakhri, Ali; Maleki, Mohammadreza; Gohari, Mahmoodreza; Harris, Patrick

2014-06-01

Many countries conduct Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of their projects and policies to predict their positive and negative health impacts. In recent years many guides have been developed to inform HIA practice, largely reflecting local developments in HIA. These guides have often been designed for specific contexts and specific need, making the choice between guides difficult. The objective of the current study is to identify underlying principles in order to guide HIA practice in Iran. This study was conducted in three stages: 1) Studies comparing HIA guidelines were reviewed to identify criteria used for comparison seeking emphasized principles. 2) The HIA characteristics extracted from published papers were categorized in order to determine the principles that could guide HIA practice. 3) Finally, these principles were agreed by experts using nominal group technique. The review of the studies comparing HIA guides demonstrated there are no clear comparison criteria for reviewing HIA guides and no study mentioned HIA principles. Investigating the HIA principles from peer-reviewed papers, we found 14 issues. These were, considering of general features in planning and conducting HIAs such as HIA stream, level, timing and type, considering of the wider socio-political and economic context, considering of economic, technical and legal aspects of HIA and capacities for HIA, rationality and comprehensiveness, using appropriate evidence, elaborating on HIA relation to other forms of Impact Assessment, considering of equity, and encouraging intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation, involvement of stakeholders and transparency as underlying principles to guide HIA practice. The results emphasize how critical these technical as well as tactical considerations are in the early scoping step of an HIA which plans the conduct of the HIA in reponse to local contextual issues. Determining the principles of HIA from peer-reviewed papers provides an opportunity for guiding

Conception and fabrication of a real time automatic correlator (multi-correlator); Etude et realisation d'un correlateur automatique (multicorrelateur) fonctionnant en temps reel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berthier, D. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-10-01

The purpose of this work is to elaborate a specific computer able to display the real.time correlation function of two variables represented by two electrical signals. The various functions to be done are dealt with the best suited technology: delays from numerical method, hybrid multiplication, analog integration. This method proved very versatile so that it has been possible to modify the circuits with more performing components without changing the general conception of the whole system. In particular, the bandwidth, which was originally 125 kHz (1966) is now 1 MHz and will be 5 MHz, January 1968. Many results are obtained from the correlator such as: - determination of pulse responses of linear systems (1. and 2. order filters, oscillating circuits); - extraction of signals from noise; - measurement of time and space correlation in a turbulent plasma; - treatment of electro-biological signals. (author) [French] Nous nous sommes proposes de concevoir un calculateur specialise pour l'estimation en temps reel de la fonction de correlation de deux phenomenes representes par deux tensions electriques. Il a ete retenu les procedes de calcul s'adaptant le mieux aux diverses fonctions a realiser: retard par une technique numerique, multiplication hybride, integration analogique. Cette methode s'est revelee tres souple d'emploi: en effet les circuits ont pu etre modifies, sans changer la conception de l'appareil, au fur et a mesure de l'evolution des performances des composants electroniques. Ainsi la bande passante de l'appareil qui initialement etait de 125 KHz (1966) est actuellement de 1 MHz et sera 5 MHz en janvier 1968. De nombreux resultats ont ete obtenus avec l'appareil: - determination de reponses impulsionnelles de systemes lineaires (filtres 1er ordre, 2eme ordre, circuit oscillant, etc... ); - detection de signaux dans le bruit; - mesure de correlation spatiale et temporelle dans le plasma - traitement de signaux

SU-F-R-50: Radiation-Induced Changes in CT Number Histogram During Chemoradiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, X; Schott, D; Song, Y; Li, D; Hall, W; Erickson, B; Li, X [Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: In an effort of early assessment of treatment response, we investigate radiation induced changes in CT number histogram of GTV during the delivery of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Diagnostic-quality CT data acquired daily during routine CT-guided CRT using a CT-on-rails for 20 pancreatic head cancer patients were analyzed. All patients were treated with a radiation dose of 50.4 in 28 fractions. On each daily CT set, the contours of the pancreatic head and the spinal cord were delineated. The Hounsfiled Units (HU) histogram in these contourswere extracted and processed using MATLAB. Eight parameters of the histogram including the mean HU over all the voxels, peak position, volume, standard deviation (SD), skewness, kurtosis, energy, and entropy were calculated for each fraction. The significances were inspected using paired two-tailed t-test and the correlations were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation tests. Results: In general, HU histogram in pancreatic head (but not in spinal cord) changed during the CRT delivery. Changes from the first to the last fraction in mean HU in pancreatic head ranged from −13.4 to 3.7 HU with an average of −4.4 HU, which was significant (P<0.001). Among other quantities, the volume decreased, the skewness increased (less skewed), and the kurtosis decreased (less sharp) during the CRT delivery. The changes of mean HU, volume, skewness, and kurtosis became significant after two weeks of treatment. Patient pathological response status is associated with the changes of SD (ΔSD), i.e., ΔSD= 1.85 (average of 7 patients) for good reponse, −0.08 (average of 6 patients) for moderate and poor response. Conclusion: Significant changes in HU histogram and the histogram-based metrics (e.g., meam HU, skewness, and kurtosis) in tumor were observed during the course of chemoradiation therapy for pancreas cancer. These changes may be potentially used for early assessment of treatment response.

Silver nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response in zebrafish

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christen, Verena; Capelle, Martinus; Fent, Karl

2013-01-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) find increasing applications, and therefore humans and the environment are increasingly exposed to them. However, potential toxicological implications are not sufficiently known. Here we investigate effects of AgNPs (average size 120 nm) on zebrafish in vitro and in vivo, and compare them to human hepatoma cells (Huh7). AgNPs are incorporated in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL) and Huh7, and in zebrafish embryos. In ZFL cells AgNPs lead to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress response, and TNF-α. Transcriptional alterations also occur in pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax. The transcriptional profile differed in ZFL and Huh7 cells. In ZFL cells, the ER stress marker BiP is induced, concomitant with the ER stress marker ATF-6 and spliced XBP-1 after 6 h and 24 h exposure to 0.5 g/L and 0.05 g/L AgNPs, respectively. This indicates the induction of different pathways of the ER stress response. Moreover, AgNPs induce TNF-α. In zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L AgNPs hatching was affected and morphological defects occurred at high concentrations. ER stress related gene transcripts BiP and Synv are significantly up-regulated after 24 h at 0.1 and 5 mg/L AgNPs. Furthermore, transcriptional alterations occurred in the pro-apoptotic genes Noxa and p21. The ER stress response was strong in ZFL cells and occurred in zebrafish embryos as well. Our data demonstrate for the first time that AgNPs lead to induction of ER stress in zebrafish. The induction of ER stress can have several consequences including the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. - Highlights: • Effects of silver nanoparticles (120 nm AgNPs) are investigated in zebrafish. • AgNPs induce all ER stress reponses in vitro in zebrafish liver cells. • AgNPs induce weak ER stress in zebrafish embryos. • AgNPs induce oxidative stress and transcripts of pro-apoptosis genes

A Theory of Radioisotope Scanning Systems; Une Theorie des Systemes de Scintigraphoe au Moyen des Radioisotopes; Teoriya sistem radioizotopnogo skennirovaniya; Teoria de los Sistemas de Exploracion Radioisotopica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beck, R. N. [Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)

1964-10-15

realized that the advantages of resolving power as a criterion of quality are largely illusory''. Borrowing from that field, the concept of ''sine wave response'' is introduced to define resolution of collimated scintillation detectors for d istributed sources. (author) [French] Le principal objet d'une theorie generale des systemes de scintigraphie est de predire et d'evaluer les performances de systemes hypothetiques concus a des fins bien determinees, par exemple pour la detectiondes tumeurs cerebrales. Une telle theorie devrait donner des responses quantitatives a des questions telles que la suivante: 'Pour la detection de tumeurs cerebrales d'une certaine dimension, profondeur, etc., faut-il utiliser un scintigraphe concu pour u'I ou pour {sup 203}Hg?' L'auteur cherche a coordonner les divers elements d'une telle theorie et a etablir des equations exprimant les rapports entre les parametres biologiques et physiques a considerer: dimension et profondeur de la tumeur, taux de fixation, sensibilite du collimateur, pouvoir de resolution, distance focale, surface du scintigramme, temps d'exploration, fiabilite, etc. L'element essentiel de cette theorie est un critere ou indice de qualite pouvant etre calcule pour n'importe quel systeme et utilise pour la comparaison de divers systemes. L'auteur discute des indices de qualite fondes sur la perception visuelle et la theorie de l'information et adopte un indice fonde sur la statistique. Cet indice est une fonction de la sensibilite et de la resolution du detecteur; l'une et l'autre sont etudiees de maniere detaillee. L'auteur analyse la reponse du collimateur pour des sources de radioactivite ponctuelles et pour des sources distribuees dans un plan ou dans l'espace. La reponse totale [E{sub t} = E(l+P+S)] d'un detecteur.collimate, dirige sur une source de grande surface, est la somme de trois composantes dues aux rayons gamma qui penetrent dans le collimateur: a)'geometriquement'ou de facon normale (E); b) a travers les

The climatic change and the coastal areas. The sea level rise: risks and answers; Le changement climatique et les espaces cotiers. L'elevation du niveau de la mer: risques et reponses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paskoff, R

2000-07-01

This colloquium aimed to analyze the ecological, economic and human effects of the earth warming on coastal regions and more particularly the deltas. It also aimed aware the experts, the socio-economic and political actors of these regions on the consequences of the unavoidable sea level rise and on the measures that people can implemented to limit its effects. (A.L.B.)

P53 activation, a key event of the cellular response to gamma irradiation; L'activation de la proteine p53, un evenement determinant de la reponse cellulaire aux radiations ionisantes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drane, P.; Alvarez, S.; Meiller, A.; May, E. [CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, Dept. de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Lab. de Cancerogenese Moleculaire, CNRS, UMR 217, 92 (France)

2002-03-01

The tumor suppressor gene p53 encodes a protein whose major function is to protect organisms from proliferation of potentially tumorigenic cells. In normal conditions (unstressed cells), the p53 protein is inert and maintained at low level through its association with the Mdm2 oncogene, causing its translocation from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and its degradation through ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In response to damaged DNA or to a variety of stresses, p53 accumulates in the nucleus and is activated as a transcriptional trans-activator. Posttranslational modifications of p53 including multi-site phosphorylation and acetylation are the major mechanism of p53 regulation. After exposure to ionising radiation, p53 activation implicates ATM, ATR, Chk2 and Chk1 kinases that phosphorylate the N-terminal domain on Ser15 (ATM and/or ATR), and Ser20 (Chk2 and/or Chk1), causing the dissociation of the p53/Mdm2 complex and thereby the stabilisation of p53. The process initiated by {gamma}-irradiation exposure involves also increased interaction of the p53 N-terminal domain with CBP/p300 and P/CAF leading to acetylation of the distant C-terminal domain at Lys 320, 373 and 382. In addition, the ATM-mediated dephosphorylation of Ser376 creates a fixation site for 14-3-3 protein. Taken together, phosphorylation, acetylation and association with co factors induce the stimulation of p53 transcriptional activity resulting in the expression of a set of genes involved, notably, in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This stress-induced p53 pathways lead to one of two outcomes: growth arrest or apoptosis and consequently protects the organism from the genotoxic effects of ionising radiation. (author)

The sun as hot water source. Answers to questions on the solar water heater; Le soleil source d'eau chaude. Les reponses a vos questions sur le chauffe-eau solaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

This guide answers to the main questions concerning a water heating system for domestic use. It aims to help the people who want to buy a solar water heater, to better estimate the advantages and the limits, in providing information on the operating and the use. (A.L.B.)

Modeling of the climate system and of its response to a greenhouse effect increase; Modelisation du systeme climatique et de sa reponse a une augmentation de l'effet de serre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, L. [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Lab. de Meteorologie Dynamique, 75 - Paris (France)

2005-07-01

The anthropic disturbance of the Earth's greenhouse effect is already visible and will enhance in the coming years or decades. In front of the rapidity and importance of the global warming effect, the socio-economical management of this change will rise problems and must be studied by the scientific community. At the modeling level, finding a direct strategy for the validation of climate models is not easy: many uncertainties exist because energy transformations take place at a low level and several processes take place at the same time. The variability observed at the seasonal, inter-annual or paleo- scales allows to validate the models at the process level but not the evolution of the whole system. The management of these uncertainties is an integral part of the global warming problem. Thus, several scenarios can be proposed and their risk of occurrence must be estimated. This paper presents first the greenhouse effect, the climatic changes during geologic times, the anthropic disturbance of the greenhouse effect, the modeling of climate and the forecasting of its evolution. (J.S.)

Modeling of an eddy-current ferrite-cored probe response in time harmonic regime; Modelisation de la reponse d'un capteur a courants de Foucault comportant un noyau ferromagnetique en regime harmonique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buvat, F

2005-07-01

In aeronautics, non destructive evaluation by eddy-current is commonly used to detect corrosion area or cracks in structures. Eddy-current testing by using ferrite-cored probes is effective to detect these kind of defects. So, having a model able to predict these probes responses is a major endeavor. Our work consisted in developing a model determining the ferrite-cored probes response to a defect. To model fields inside both the core and the defect, an integral formulation has been used resulting from the application of the Green theorem onto the equations of propagation. Simulation results have been compared to synthetic data obtained by a finite-element method and they have been validated by comparison with measured impedance data. However as this model may be computationally costly, the use of the so-called non-linear approximation has been tested to tackle the case of long defects. The model has been integrated inside the CIVA platform developed by the CEA. (author)

The climatic change and the coastal areas. The sea level rise: risks and answers; Le changement climatique et les espaces cotiers. L'elevation du niveau de la mer: risques et reponses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paskoff, R

2000-07-01

This colloquium aimed to analyze the ecological, economic and human effects of the earth warming on coastal regions and more particularly the deltas. It also aimed aware the experts, the socio-economic and political actors of these regions on the consequences of the unavoidable sea level rise and on the measures that people can implemented to limit its effects. (A.L.B.)

Mutualism and impacts of global change: response of an important and neglected component of the biodiversity; Mutualisme et impacts des changements globaux: reponse d'une composante importante et negligee de la biodiversite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hossaert-Mckey, M [Centre d' Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, 34 - Montpellier (France)

2007-07-01

We are studying the impact of global change on two obligate species-specific insect-plant mutualisms. Our approach combines correlative methods (examining spatial patterns of genetic diversity in populations of pairs of mutualists, to examine their responses to past climate change) and experiments (studying responses of plant partners to CO{sub 2} fertilization). Mutualisms function because the partners have contrasting and complementary biological traits, so that a service implying only a low cost to one partner may confer a great benefit to the other. Because they can lead mutualist partners to respond differently to rapid ecological change, the biological differences that are fundamental to mutualisms may also make them vulnerable. Imbalances thereby introduced can disrupt the functioning of the mutualism. By comparing two strongly contrasting systems-fig/wasp pollination mutualisms and ant-plant protection mutualisms-we aim to characterize the diversity of responses of mutualisms to global change. By identifying points in common, we also aim to propose robust generalizations about the response to global change of obligate, specific mutualisms, an important and neglected component of tropical biodiversity. Our results show that the two mutualisms studied differ greatly in their response to Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations. Fig/wasp systems show little spatial genetic differentiation, indicating that the great dispersal capacities of both figs and their pollinating wasps resulted in maintenance of high effective population sizes throughout cycles of climatic and vegetation change. In contrast, limited dispersal capacity of both ant and plant partners has resulted in greater impact of climatic fluctuations on ant/plant protection mutualisms: species-distribution patterns suggest restriction of the system to refugia, and strong spatial genetic structure indicates widespread bottlenecks during fragmentation and expansion. Alternate contraction and expansion of lowland and sub-montane-forest climatic zones led to disruption of ant-plant mutualisms, as ants were more affected by climate change than were plants. Preliminary results of experiments in controlled atmospheres indicate that the plant partners in these mutualisms respond to CO{sub 2} fertilization by increased growth rate and/or by modified chemical composition of their tissues. We are pursuing the study of these changes, which could also lead to imbalances affecting the functioning of mutualisms. (author)

Fracture panfaciale: un challenge thérapeutique: à propos d'une observation et revue de la littérature

Science.gov (United States)

Fassih, Malika; Nassik, Hicham; Abada, Mourad Nafaa Redallah; Rouadi, Sami; Mahta, Mohamed; Roubal, Mohamed; Essaadi, Mustapha; El Kadiri, Mohamed Fatmi

2015-01-01

La gestion des traumatismes de la face a subi plusieurs progrès dans la dernière décennie. Avec l'avènement de la tomodensitométrie bi- et tridimensionnelle, qui permet de dresser une cartographie précise des lésions osseuses, le développement du matériel d'ostéosynthèse, et les procédés de réduction des fractures. L'objectif est la restauration totale de la forme et la fonction de la face, seul garant pour empêcher la survenue de préjudices esthétiques et fonctionnels. Nous rapportons l'observation de Mme assal khadija, âgée de 38 ans, admise le 25 Aout 2010, au service des urgences d'ORL et maxillo-faciales, à l'hôpital 20 aout de Casablanca, victime d'un AVP, occasionnant un traumatisme facial grave, avec un important délabrement de la face, et asphyxie. Une trachéotomie a été réalisée en urgence. Le bilan lésionnel a objectivé un important fracas du massif facial intéressant l’étage supérieure, moyen et inférieur. Dans l'immédiat, un parage a été réalisé sous anesthésie générale, la réparation des parties molles délabrées a été effectuée en endobuccale (vestibules, langue et plancher buccal) et pour les téguments de la face. Une semaine après, la patiente a été reprise pour la reconstruction du massif facial, nous avons opté pour le «inside-out, de bas en haut" pour la réduction des fractures. Nous avons procédé à la fixation de la mandibule qui a précédé la reconstruction du maxillaire, de la pyramide nasale, et de l'orbite. L’évolution a été marquée par l'apparition d'un orostome, qui fera l'objet après tarissement de l'infection, d'une réparation grâce à un lambeau myocutané, et une nécrose cutanée de la région zygomatique laissée à la cicatrisation dirigée. Toutes les lésions traumatiques de la face ont des répercussions esthétiques et fonctionnelles à moyen et long termes, dont le degré dépend de la qualité de la prise en charge, qui étant la plus précoce et la plus

RBE of Monoenergetic Fast Neutrons: Cytogenetic Effects in Maize; EBR des Neutrons Rapides Monoenergeniques: Effets Cytogenetiques sur le Mais; Obeh monoehnergeticheskikh bystrykh nejtronov: tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniya u kukuruzy; EBR de los Neutrones Rapidos Monoenergeticos: Efectos Citogeneticos en el Maiz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, H. H.; Bateman, J. L.; Quastler, H.; Rossi, H. H. [Biology and Medical Departments, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States)

1964-05-15

The maize used in these experiments has the advantage for RBE studies of yielding a basically first-order dose-response curve with low as well as with high LET radiations. An exposure apparatus was used which produced essentially equal dose rates in five rings of seeds placed so as to intercept neutrons of 0.43, 0.65, 1.00, 1.50 and 1.80 MeV. The mutant sectors produced in leaves are believed to be due mostly to simple chromosome breakage and deletion. Experiments were performed at dosages that gave responses which were linear, below saturation levels, and overlapping in range for the monoenergetic fast neutrons and 250 kVp X-rays. RBE values, calculated from relative slopes of linear-regression lines for neutrons and X-rays ranged from 42 to 135 with an overall average of about 70. Fast neutrons of 0.43 MeV energy were the most efficient, of those used, in producing g{sub 2} mutant sectors. (author) [French] Pour les etudes sur l'EBR, le maft utilise au cours des experiences offre l'avantage de donner une courbe dose-reponse qui est essentiellement de premier ordre, que le TLE du rayonnement soit faible ou eleve. Les auteurs ont utilise un appareil d'irradiation assurant des debits de dose pratiquement egaux dans cinq couronnes de semences disposees de maniere a intercepter les neutrons de 0,43, 0,65, 1,00, 1,50 et 1,80 MeV. On pense que les secteurs mutants produits dans les feuilles sont dus essentiellement a une rupture et une disparition de chromosomes simples. Les auteurs ont fait des experiences a des doses qui ont donne des reponses lineaires, inferieures au niveau de saturation et se chevauchant dans le cas des neutrons rapides et des rayons X de 250 kV-crete. Les valeurs de l'EBR calculees d'apres la comparaison des pentes des courbes de regression lineaire pour les neutrons et les rayons X varient de 42 a 135, avec une valeur moyenne d'environ 70. Parmi les neutrons utilises, les neutrons rapides de 0,43 MeV ont ete les plus efficaces pour produire des

High temporal resolution magnetic resonance imaging: development of a parallel three dimensional acquisition method for functional neuroimaging; Imagerie par resonance magnetique a haute resolution temporelle: developpement d'une methode d'acquisition parallele tridimensionnelle pour l'imagerie fonctionnelle cerebrale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rabrait, C

2007-11-15

Echo Planar Imaging is widely used to perform data acquisition in functional neuroimaging. This sequence allows the acquisition of a set of about 30 slices, covering the whole brain, at a spatial resolution ranging from 2 to 4 mm, and a temporal resolution ranging from 1 to 2 s. It is thus well adapted to the mapping of activated brain areas but does not allow precise study of the brain dynamics. Moreover, temporal interpolation is needed in order to correct for inter-slices delays and 2-dimensional acquisition is subject to vascular in flow artifacts. To improve the estimation of the hemodynamic response functions associated with activation, this thesis aimed at developing a 3-dimensional high temporal resolution acquisition method. To do so, Echo Volume Imaging was combined with reduced field-of-view acquisition and parallel imaging. Indeed, E.V.I. allows the acquisition of a whole volume in Fourier space following a single excitation, but it requires very long echo trains. Parallel imaging and field-of-view reduction are used to reduce the echo train durations by a factor of 4, which allows the acquisition of a 3-dimensional brain volume with limited susceptibility-induced distortions and signal losses, in 200 ms. All imaging parameters have been optimized in order to reduce echo train durations and to maximize S.N.R., so that cerebral activation can be detected with a high level of confidence. Robust detection of brain activation was demonstrated with both visual and auditory paradigms. High temporal resolution hemodynamic response functions could be estimated through selective averaging of the response to the different trials of the stimulation. To further improve S.N.R., the matrix inversions required in parallel reconstruction were regularized, and the impact of the level of regularization on activation detection was investigated. Eventually, potential applications of parallel E.V.I. such as the study of non-stationary effects in the B.O.L.D. response. (author)

Three-dimensional brachytherapy optimization techniques in the treatment of patients with cervix cancer; Apport des techniques de curietherapie optimisee grace a l'imagerie tridimensionnelle dans la prise en charge des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du col uterin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haie-Meder, C.; Mazeron, R.; Verezesan, O.; Monnier, L.; Vieillot, S. [Institut Gustave-Roussy, Service de Curietherapie, 94 - Villejuif (France); Dumas, I. [Institut Gustave-Roussy, Service de Physique, 94 - Villejuif (France); Lhomme, C. [Institut Gustave-Roussy, Service d' Ooncologie Gynecologique, 94 - Villejuif (France); Morice, P. [Institut Gustave-Roussy, Service de Chirurgie Oncologique, 94 - Villejuif (France); Barillot, I. [Centre Regional Universitaire de Cancerologie Henry-S.-Kaplan, Hopital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, 37 - Tours (France); Universite Francois-Rabelais, 37 - Tours (France)

2009-10-15

Traditionally, prescription and treatment planning in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervix cancer have used either reference points (mainly points A and B) or reference isodoses (60 Gy according to ICRU recommendations) to report doses to the target volume. Doses to critical organs were reported at bladder and rectum ICRU points. This practice has been supported by a long-standing clinical experience that has yielded an acceptable therapeutic ratio. The recent development of imaging has contributed to the improvement in target and organs at risk knowledge. In 2005 and 2006, the European group of brachytherapy -European Society for therapeutic radiology and oncology (GEC-E.S.T.R.O.) recommendations publications on 3-D based image brachytherapy have defined the different volumes of interest. These recommendations have been validated with intercomparison delineation studies. With the concomitant development of remote after-loading projectors, provided with miniaturized sources, it is now possible to plan radiation doses by adjusting dwell positions and relative dwell time values. These procedures allow better coverage of the targets while sparing O.A.R.. The recent literature data evidence a significant improvement in local control with no increase in complications. Further studies are needed to better define the dose recommended in both tumour and organs at risk. This is one of the goals of the European study on MRI-guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (E.M.B.R.A.C.E.) protocol (meaning of acronym: an international study on MRI-guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer). (authors)

Mutualism and impacts of global change: response of an important and neglected component of the biodiversity; Mutualisme et impacts des changements globaux: reponse d'une composante importante et negligee de la biodiversite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hossaert-Mckey, M. [Centre d' Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, 34 - Montpellier (France)

2007-07-01

We are studying the impact of global change on two obligate species-specific insect-plant mutualisms. Our approach combines correlative methods (examining spatial patterns of genetic diversity in populations of pairs of mutualists, to examine their responses to past climate change) and experiments (studying responses of plant partners to CO{sub 2} fertilization). Mutualisms function because the partners have contrasting and complementary biological traits, so that a service implying only a low cost to one partner may confer a great benefit to the other. Because they can lead mutualist partners to respond differently to rapid ecological change, the biological differences that are fundamental to mutualisms may also make them vulnerable. Imbalances thereby introduced can disrupt the functioning of the mutualism. By comparing two strongly contrasting systems-fig/wasp pollination mutualisms and ant-plant protection mutualisms-we aim to characterize the diversity of responses of mutualisms to global change. By identifying points in common, we also aim to propose robust generalizations about the response to global change of obligate, specific mutualisms, an important and neglected component of tropical biodiversity. Our results show that the two mutualisms studied differ greatly in their response to Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations. Fig/wasp systems show little spatial genetic differentiation, indicating that the great dispersal capacities of both figs and their pollinating wasps resulted in maintenance of high effective population sizes throughout cycles of climatic and vegetation change. In contrast, limited dispersal capacity of both ant and plant partners has resulted in greater impact of climatic fluctuations on ant/plant protection mutualisms: species-distribution patterns suggest restriction of the system to refugia, and strong spatial genetic structure indicates widespread bottlenecks during fragmentation and expansion. Alternate contraction and expansion of lowland and sub-montane-forest climatic zones led to disruption of ant-plant mutualisms, as ants were more affected by climate change than were plants. Preliminary results of experiments in controlled atmospheres indicate that the plant partners in these mutualisms respond to CO{sub 2} fertilization by increased growth rate and/or by modified chemical composition of their tissues. We are pursuing the study of these changes, which could also lead to imbalances affecting the functioning of mutualisms. (author)

Approach of combined cancer gene therapy and radiation: response of promoters to ionizing radiation; Approche de therapie genique anti-cancereuse combinee a l'irradiation: etude de la reponse de promoteurs aux radiations ionisantes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anstett, A

2005-09-15

Gene therapy is an emerging cancer treatment modality. We are interested in developing a radiation-inducible gene therapy system to sensitize the tumor vasculature to the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. An expression system based on irradiation-inducible promoters will drive the expression of anti-tumor genes in the tumor vasculature. Solid tumors are dependent on angio genesis, a process in which new blood vessels are formed from the pre-existing vasculature. Vascular endothelial cells are un transformed and genetically stable, thus avoiding the problem of resistance to the treatments. Vascular endothelial cells may therefore represent a suitable target for this therapeutic gene therapy strategy.The identification of IR-inducible promoters native to endothelial cells was performed by gene expression profiling using cDNA micro array technology. We describe the genes modified by clinically relevant doses of IR. The extension to high doses aimed at studying the effects of total radiation delivery to the tumor. The radio-inductiveness of the genes selected for promoter study was confirmed by RT-PCR. Analysis of the activity of promoters in response to IR was also assessed in a reporter plasmid. We found that authentic promoters cloned onto a plasmid are not suitable for cancer gene therapy due to their low induction after IR. In contrast, synthetic promoters containing repeated sequence-specific binding sites for IR-activated transcription factors such as NF-{kappa}B are potential candidates for gene therapy. The activity of five tandemly repeated TGGGGACTTTCCGC elements for NF-{kappa}B binding in a luciferase reporter was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the response to fractionated low doses was improved in comparison to the total single dose. Thus, we put present evidence that a synthetic promoter for NF-{kappa}B specific binding may have application in the radio-therapeutic treatment of cancer. (author)

Biodiversity and global change. Adaptative responses to global change: results and prospective. IFB-GICC restitution colloquium; Biodiversite et changement global. Reponses adaptatives au changement global: resultats et prospective. Colloque de restitution IFB-GICC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Despres, L; Hossaert-Mckey, M; Martin, J F; Pont, D; Valero, M; Chave, J; Benizri, E; Amiaud, B; Boury-Esnault, N; Fritz, H; Lavelle, P; Martin, F; Poulet, S; Blanchard, F; Cheddadi, R; Dupouey, J L; Hulle, M; Michaux, J; Souissi, S; Bridault, A; Dambrine, E; Gomez, B; Thevenard, F; Legendre, S; Suc, J P; Zeitoun, V; Bezancon, G; Frascaria-Lacoste, N; Ponsard, S; Bourguet, D; Vigne, J D; Doyen, L; Joly, P; Gourlet-Fleury, S; Garnier, E; Lebaron, Ph; Boulinier, Th; Chuine, I; Jiguet, F; Couvet, D; Soussana, J F; Weimerskirsch, H; Grosbois, V; Bretagnolle, V

2006-07-01

Global change is the consequence of the worldwide human print on ecology. The uncontrolled use of fossil fuels, the urbanization, the intensifying of agriculture, the homogenization of life styles and cultures, the homogenization of fauna and vegetation, the commercial trades, the bio-invasions, the over-exploitation of resources and the emergence of new economic powers (China, India, Brazil..) represent an adaptative dynamics of interactions which affects the overall biosphere and the adaptative capacities and the future of all species. Biodiversity is an ecological and societal insurance against the risks and uncertainties linked with global change. The French institute of biodiversity (IFB) has created a working group in charge of a study on global change and biodiversity, in particular in terms of: speed and acceleration of processes, interaction between the different organization levels of the world of living, scale changes, and adaptative capacities. 38 projects with an interdisciplinary approach have been retained by the IFB and the Ministry of ecology and sustainable development. The conclusion of these projects were presented at this restitution colloquium and are summarized in this document. The presentations are organized in 7 sessions dealing with: global changes and adaptation mechanisms; functional responses to global changes; spatial responses to global changes; temporal responses to global changes; selective answers to global changes; available tools and ecological services; scenarios and projections. (J.S.)

Fluoxetine for Autistic Behaviors (FAB trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial in children and adolescents with autism.

Science.gov (United States)

Mouti, Anissa; Reddihough, Dinah; Marraffa, Catherine; Hazell, Philip; Wray, John; Lee, Katherine; Kohn, Michael

2014-06-16

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed off-label for children with autism. To date, clinical trials examining the use of SSRIs in autism have been limited by small sample sizes and inconclusive results. The efficacy and safety of SSRIs for moderating autistic behaviors is yet to be adequately examined to provide evidence to support current clinical practice. The aim of the Fluoxetine for Autistic Behaviors (FAB) study is to determine the efficacy and safety of low dose fluoxetine compared with placebo, for reducing the frequency and severity of repetitive stereotypic behaviors in children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between the effectiveness of fluoxetine treatment and serotonin transporter genotype will also be explored. The FAB study is a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, funded by the Australian Government's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grant. Participants will be aged between 7.5 and 17 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD. Eligible participants will be randomized to either placebo or fluoxetine for a 16-week period. Medication will be titrated over the first four weeks. Reponses to medication will be monitored fortnightly using the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI). The primary outcome measure is the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Modified for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CYBOCS-PDD), administered at baseline and 16 weeks. Secondary outcome measures include the Aberrant Behaviour Scale (ABC), the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Parent Report (SCAS-P), and the Repetitive Behaviors Scale (RBS-R), measured at baseline and 16 weeks. Participants will be invited to undergo genetic testing for SLC6A4 allele variants using a cheek swab. Continuous outcomes, including the primary outcome will be compared between the active and placebo groups using unadjusted linear regression. Binary outcomes will be compared using

Possibilities of gas-phase radio-chromatography application to permanent-gas analysis; Possibilites de la radiochromatographie en phase gazeuse applications a l'analyse des gaz permanents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dupuis, M C; Charrier, G; Alba, C; Massimino, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes

1970-07-01

The gas-phase radio-chromatography technique has been applied to the rapid analysis of permanent gases (H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, A, Kr, Xe, CO, CH{sub 4}) labelled with radioactive indicators ({sup 3}H, {sup 37}A, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 133}Xe). After calibration, the components of such a mixture can be identified and their concentrations measured in less than two hours, using a sample volume of from 0.1 to 10 cm{sup 3}. The minimum detectable activity is of the order of 10{sup -4} {mu}C for each radioactive isotope. The measurements are reproducible to about 2 to 3 per cent. This work has been mainly concerned with the influence of parameters affecting the response of the radioactivity detector (ionization chamber or gas flow proportional counter). The method has very numerous applications both theoretically, for the study of chromatographic phenomena under ideal conditions (infinitesimal concentrations made possible by the use of radioactive tracers), and practically, for rapid and accurate radiochemical analysis of radioactive gas mixtures. (authors) [French] La technique de radiochromatographie en phase gazeuse est appliquee a l'analyse rapide de gaz permanents (H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, A, Kr, Xe, CO, CH{sub 4}) marques par des indicateurs radioactifs ({sup 3}H, {sup 37}A, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 133}Xe). Apres etalonnage, l'identification et la mesure des concentrations des constituants d'un tel melange requierent moins de deux heures, sur un volume d'echantillon de 0.1 a 10 cm{sup 3}. L'activite minimum detectable est de l'ordre de 10{sup -4} {mu}C pour chaque isotope radioactif. La reproductibilite des mesures est de l'ordre de 2 a 3 pour cent. L'etude porte principalement sur l'influence des parametres affectant la reponse du detecteur de radioactivite (chambre d'ionisation, ou compteur proportionnel a circulation). La methode est extremement fertile en applications tant sur le plan theorique pour l'etude du phenomene chromatographique dans les conditions

Transient rheology of stimuli responsive hydrogels: Integrating microrheology and microfluidics

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Jun

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have diverse potential applications in the field of drug delivery, tissue engineering, agriculture, cosmetics, gene therapy, and as sensors and actuators due to their unique responsiveness to external signals, such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Understanding the responsiveness of hydrogel structure and rheology to these stimuli is essential for designing materials with desirable performance. However, no instrumentation and well-defined methodology are available to characterize the structural and rheological responses to rapid solvent changes. In this thesis, a new microrheology set-up is described, which allows us to quantitatively measure the transient rheological properties and microstructure of a variety of solvent-responsive complex fluids. The device was constructed by integrating particle tracking microrheology and microfluidics and offers unique experimental capabilities for performing solvent-reponse measurements on soft fragile materials without applying external shear forces. Transient analysis methods to quantitatively obtain rheological properties were also constructed, and guidelines for the trade-off between statistical validity and temporal resolution were developed to accurately capture physical transitions. Employing the new device and methodology, we successfully quantified the transient rheological and microstructural responses during gel formation and break-up, and viscosity changes of solvent-responsive complex fluids. The analysis method was expanded for heterogeneous samples, incorporating methods to quantify the microrheology of samples with broad distributions of individual particle dynamics. Transient microrheology measurements of fragile, heterogeneous, self-assembled block copolypeptide hydrogels revealed that solvent exchange via convective mixing and dialysis can lead to significantly different gel properties and that commonly applied sample preparation protocols for the characterization of soft

May I long experience the joy of healing: professional and personal wellbeing among physicians from a Canadian province.

Science.gov (United States)

Lovell, Brenda L; Lee, Raymond T; Frank, Erica

2009-02-24

The development of best practices to promote physician wellbeing at the individual and organisational levels is receiving increased attention. Few studies have documented how physicians perceive their wellbeing in these contexts. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify and discuss the reported factors that hinder wellbeing, as well as the reported factors that would promote wellbeing among physicians. There were 165 physicians from a province of Canada who wrote their open-ended responses to two questions, as part of a larger self-report questionnaire. The questions asked what causes them stress, and what interventions should be implemented at organisational/institutional levels. The largest specialty was family medicine, followed by internal medicine, and surgical disciplines, with 58% of participants male. A general inductive approach was used to analyze the data and themes and sub-themes were discovered using the socio-ecological model as the framework. Reponses were both personal and professional which resulted in the emergence of four major themes to reflect this diversity. These themes were external constraints on the practice of medicine, issues at the professional/institutional levels, issues at the individual practice level, and work/life balance. The work/life balance theme received the highest number of responses followed by external constraints on the practice of medicine. In the major theme of work-life balance, work-life conflict received the most responses, and in the major theme of external constraints on practice of medicine, lack of resources (human and material) and restrictions to autonomy received the most responses. Ideas for interventions in the work/life balance theme were health promotion, and healthy workplace initiatives. In the second largest theme, suggested ideas for interventions were collegiality/professionalism and policy formulation at the health care system. Our findings have implications for governance and health

Justified requirements in private transportation and a recommendation for improving the efficiency of household energy utilisation through the use of small ecologically-friendly or 'ultralight' vehicles for mass private transportation in the 21st century

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Juravic, T.

1999-01-01

Needs and ownership are sociobiologically manifested in the alter-ego of a Homo sapiens where the natural progression of events (a household being the fundamental microlevel) and the social order, i.e. globalisation, are based on ownership and needs as sacred rights, and for this reason universal values like energy conservation end up as the waste of the mindless worship of consumption. Justified needs are phenomena of a consumerist (egocentric, pragmatic, voluntary) social conscience and instinctive behaviour - an unpredictable cause resulting from freedom being the foundation of the quality of life, socio-economic and political changes but are mutually exclusive to understanding (expressing and gaining deeper and richer knowledge). Inbuilt limits and/or control of consumption, which are already used in household appliances with aforeset processes (goals) for unknown consumers, to achieve large energy savings in 'routine' functions are more effective than attempts to prevent mistakes (lack of user knowledge through repression). A private vehicle, as a symbol of the freedom and quality of life, is a mechanism for achieving 'justified' needs and presents another means of household energy utilisation. The consumer's desires regarding private transportation are not sufficiently reconciled with intelligent microprocessors (expert systems), which achieve (the most) optimal behaviour in the process of transportation. This detailed consideration (as part of investigating the technical system) cannot be examined on a strictly logical or scientific basis, as it only proposes a method of co-agreement (not co-reponsability) of manufacturers and consumers and an alternative logical way of thinking, or organisation of the interaction between vehicles and traffic in order to form a judgement of really justifiable needs, and to achieve a robotic private vehicle, transportation and traffic. The goal of this consideration is to establish the DIVISION of energy with the help of

May I long experience the joy of healing: professional and personal wellbeing among physicians from a Canadian province

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frank Erica

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The development of best practices to promote physician wellbeing at the individual and organisational levels is receiving increased attention. Few studies have documented how physicians perceive their wellbeing in these contexts. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify and discuss the reported factors that hinder wellbeing, as well as the reported factors that would promote wellbeing among physicians. Methods There were 165 physicians from a province of Canada who wrote their open-ended responses to two questions, as part of a larger self-report questionnaire. The questions asked what causes them stress, and what interventions should be implemented at organisational/institutional levels. The largest specialty was family medicine, followed by internal medicine, and surgical disciplines, with 58% of participants male. A general inductive approach was used to analyze the data and themes and sub-themes were discovered using the socio-ecological model as the framework. Results Reponses were both personal and professional which resulted in the emergence of four major themes to reflect this diversity. These themes were external constraints on the practice of medicine, issues at the professional/institutional levels, issues at the individual practice level, and work/life balance. The work/life balance theme received the highest number of responses followed by external constraints on the practice of medicine. In the major theme of work-life balance, work-life conflict received the most responses, and in the major theme of external constraints on practice of medicine, lack of resources (human and material and restrictions to autonomy received the most responses. Ideas for interventions in the work/life balance theme were health promotion, and healthy workplace initiatives. In the second largest theme, suggested ideas for interventions were collegiality/professionalism and policy formulation at the health care system

Scale up, optimization and stability analysis of Curcumin C3 complex-loaded nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background Nanoparticle based delivery of anticancer drugs have been widely investigated. However, a very important process for Research & Development in any pharmaceutical industry is scaling nanoparticle formulation techniques so as to produce large batches for preclinical and clinical trials. This process is not only critical but also difficult as it involves various formulation parameters to be modulated all in the same process. Methods In our present study, we formulated curcumin loaded poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-CURC). This improved the bioavailability of curcumin, a potent natural anticancer drug, making it suitable for cancer therapy. Post formulation, we optimized our process by Reponse Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD) and scaled up the formulation process in four stages with final scale-up process yielding 5 g of curcumin loaded nanoparticles within the laboratory setup. The nanoparticles formed after scale-up process were characterized for particle size, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, in vitro release kinetics and pharmacokinetics. Stability analysis and gamma sterilization were also carried out. Results Results revealed that that process scale-up is being mastered for elaboration to 5 g level. The mean nanoparticle size of the scaled up batch was found to be 158.5 ± 9.8 nm and the drug loading was determined to be 10.32 ± 1.4%. The in vitro release study illustrated a slow sustained release corresponding to 75% drug over a period of 10 days. The pharmacokinetic profile of PLGA-CURC in rats following i.v. administration showed two compartmental model with the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) being 6.139 mg/L h. Gamma sterilization showed no significant change in the particle size or drug loading of the nanoparticles. Stability analysis revealed long term physiochemical stability of the PLGA-CURC formulation. Conclusions A successful effort towards

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2-induced expression of glutathione S-transferases.

Science.gov (United States)

Kawamoto, Y; Nakamura, Y; Naito, Y; Torii, Y; Kumagai, T; Osawa, T; Ohigashi, H; Satoh, K; Imagawa, M; Uchida, K

2000-04-14

Exposure of cells to a wide variety of chemoprotective compounds confers resistance to a broad set of carcinogens. For a subset of the chemoprotective compounds, protection is generated by an increase in the abundance of protective enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). In the present study, we developed a cell culture system that potently responds to phenolic antioxidants and found that antitumor prostaglandins (PGs) are potential inducers of GSTs. We screened primary hepatocytes and multiple cell lines for inducing GST activity upon incubation with the phenolic antioxidant (tert-butylhydroquinone) and found that rat liver epithelial RL34 cells most potently responded. Based on an extensive screening of diverse chemical agents on the induction of GST activity in RL34 cells, the J2 series of PGs, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ2) in particular, were found to be potential inducers of GST. Enhanced gene expression of Class pi GST isozyme (GSTP1) by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ2 was evident as a drastic elevation of the mRNA level. Hence, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying the 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-PGJ2-induced GSTP1 gene expression. From functional analysis of various deletion mutant genes, we found that the 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-PGJ2 reponse element was localized in a region containing a GSTP1 enhancer I (GPEI) that consists of two imperfect phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response elements. When the GPEI was combined with the minimum GSTP1 promoter, the element indeed showed an enhancer activity in response to 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-PGJ2. Point mutations of either of the two imperfect 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response elements in GPEI completely abolished the enhancer activity. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ2 specifically stimulated the binding of nuclear proteins including the transcription factor c-Jun, but not Nrf2, to GPEI. These results

Manejo hospitalario de la meningoencefalitis bacteriana por S. Neumoniae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Álvarez Fumero

2003-12-01

Full Text Available La actitud terapéutica ante la meningitis bacteriana (MEB es uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta el pediatra, pues de su oportuno y adecuado manejo depende el pronóstico. Los cambios en la epidemiología de los síndromes neurológicos infecciosos bacterianos observados en Cuba a partir del año 2000, promovieron la implementación de modificaciones al régimen terapéutico antibiótico convencional. En este artículo, sin olvidar que el tratamiento ideal es el preventivo, se expone una revisión actualizada del manejo hospitalario de las MEB por S.pneumoniae, que incluye: adopción de medidas generales, instauración temprana de acciones dirigidas a atenuar los efectos perjudiciales de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, conducta específica contra el agente (antibioticoterapia y finalmente la identificación precoz e inicio de la rehabilitación de secuelas. Se hace énfasis en las modificaciones al esquema antibiótico adoptadas recientemente por la Comisión Nacional de SNI. Se exponen consideraciones sobre la introducción de la vancomicina en esquema antimicrobiano de las MEB por S.pneumoniae.The therapeutic attitude to face bacterial meningitis (BME is one of the most important challenges for pediatricians, since the prognosis depends on its timely and adequate management The changes in the epidemiology of the bacterial infectious neurological syndromes ocurred in Cuba from 2000 on, promoted the implementation of modifications in the conventional therapeutical antibiotic regimen. In this article, without forgetting that the ideal treatment is the preventive one, it is exposed an updated review of the hospital management of BME due to S.Pneumoniae that includes: adoption of general measures, early establishment of actions directed to alleviate the harmful effects of the systemic inflammatory reponse, specific conduct against the agent (antibiotic therapy and, finally, the identification and beginning of the

The neutronic method for measuring soil moisture; La methode neutronique de mesure de l'humidite des sols

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Couchat, Ph [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-01

The three group diffusion theory being chosen as the most adequate method for determining the response of the neutron soil moisture probe, a mathematical model is worked out using a numerical calculation programme with Fortran IV coding. This model is fitted to the experimental conditions by determining the effect of different parameters of measuring device: channel, fast neutron source, detector, as also the soil behaviour under neutron irradiation: absorbers, chemical binding of elements. The adequacy of the model is tested by fitting a line through the image points corresponding to the couples of experimental and theoretical values, for seven media having different chemical composition: sand, alumina, line stone, dolomite, kaolin, sandy loam, calcareous clay. The model chosen gives a good expression of the dry density influence and allows {alpha}, {beta}, {gamma} and {delta} constants to be calculated for a definite soil according to the following relation which gives the count rate of the soil moisture probe: N = ({alpha} {rho}{sub s} +{beta}) H{sub v} +{gamma} {rho}{sub s} + {delta}. (author) [French] La theorie a trois groupes etant choisie comme le moyen le plus adequat pour determiner la reponse de l'humidimetre, une mise en forme d'un modele mathematique est effectuee grace a un programme de calcul numerique ecrit en code Fortran IV. Cette representation est adaptee a l'experience par l'etude de l'influence de parametres du systeme de mesure: tubage, source, detecteur, et du comportement du sol vis-a-vis des neutrons: presence d'absorbeurs, liaison chimique des elements. La validite du modele est testee par ajustement d'une droite aux points images des couples de valeurs experimentales et theoriques, ceci pour sept milieux distincts definis par leur composition chimique: sable, alumine, calcaire, dolomie, kaolin, limon sableux, argile calcaire. Le modele prevoit, bien l'influence de la densite seche et permet de calculer pour un sol donne les constantes

[Western area surge for controlling Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Sierra Leone and evaluation of its effect].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yong; Wu, Dan; Zhang, Wenyi; Chen, Zeliang; Chang, Guohui; Tian, Shuguang; Yang, Ruifu; Liu, Chao

2015-10-01

To investigate the Western Area Surge (WAS) program in the Ebola outbreak of Sierra Leone, and to analyze its implementing effect. The subject of this study was 3,813 laboratory confirmed Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) cases reported in Sierra Leone from November 19, 2014 through January 27, 2015, a period before and after the implementation of the WAS program. To analyze and make conclusions according to the working experience of China Mobile Laboratory Reponses Team in the fight of Ebola outbreak, using WHO published EHF case definition to make diagnosis and compare the number of bed numbers, confirmed EHF cases, samples tested, and positive rates before and after implementation of WAS program. From the implementation of WAS program on 17th December 2014 to half a month later, the total numbers of Ebola holding and treatment centers increased from 640 to 960, six additional laboratories were established. On January, 2015, another two laboratories from America and The Netherlands were established. The numbers of samples tested one month before and after WAS program were 7,891 and 9,783, respectively, with an increase of 24.0 percent, while the positive rate of Ebola virus decreased from 22.2% (1,752/7,891) to 11.0% (1,077/9,783). The positive rate of blood samples decreased from 39.6% (248/626) in the month before WAS program to 27.4% (131/478) (χ2=17.93, P<0.001) in the mother after WAS program, the positive rate of blood samples 22.7% (103/454) to 10% (62/609) (χ2=31.03, P<0.001), accordingly. After 3 weeks of WAS program, in addition to Western Area, another four hotspots in Sierra Leone had also reported a significant decrease of the numbers of confirmed EVD cases. Forty-two days after implementation of WAS program, the daily number of laboratory confirmed EHF cases decreased from 63 to 10. WAS program played a vital role in controlling the EHF outbreak rapidly in Sierra Leone. It could also provide guidance for the control similar large infectious diseases

Comparative virology and AIDS (review).

Science.gov (United States)

Kodama, M; Kodama, T

1996-03-01

The scientific debate between pros and cons of the HIV criminal theory of AIDS still remains unsettled. The purpose of this review is to promote resolution of the problem by extracting a common principle of the host-virus relation using data resources for each of 4 viruses as follows: a) polyoma virus, b) Marek's disease virus, c) Ebola virus, d) Korean hemorrhagic fever virus. Conclusions drawn from this study are given as follows: i) Environment emerged as the cardinal factor to modify the process of virus infection in all of the 4 viruses studied. Above all, an accelerating effect of environmental stress on the progression of virus infection was noted in vivo in the majority of viral diseases. ii) Evidence is available to indicate that a healthy cell (or a healthy individual) may harbor virus genes of multiple species without manifesting any pathologic sign. iii) Evidence also suggests that the biological property as well as morphological structure of a virus may vary in reponse to a change of the bioenvironment. On the basis of the above information, we propose to renounce 2 assumptions of classical infection model: a) the hereditarily determined virulence of a microorganism (including virus) be the sole determinant of infection to the effect that its invasion into the host should automatically complete the programmed course of infection; b) virus, a quasi-living creature, should reserve its behavioral independence irrespective of a change of the bioenvironment. The new infection model was constructed on the basis of the selfish gene concept that had been invented by Richard Dawkins to explain the altruistic behavior of an individual. That is, the fate of an exogenous or endogenous virus is under the dual control of the host genome (selfish gene) and the outer environment. The progression of virus infection is conditioned by a crosstalk between them. The selfish gene may use virus (a lifeless substance) as a magic bullet to induce a designated host response. In

Disintegration-Rate Determination by 4 {pi} Counting; Determination du taux de desintegrations par comptage 4 {pi}; Opredelenie skorosti raspada pri pomotsi 4 {pi} schetchikov; Determinacion de la velocidad de desintegracion por recuento 4 {pi}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pate, Brian D [Chemistry Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (United States)

1960-06-15

The history of the development of the 4 {pi} counting method is reviewed. The unique properties of the 4 {pi} counter system are described and the criteria are specified which place disintegration rate measurements, made with the system, on an absolute basis. The types of radioactive decay process to which the method is applicable are outlined, together with the various errors to which a given measurement is liable. Departure of response probability from unity, absorption of radiation in the source-mounting system, and source self-absorption are discussed in detail. (author) [French] L'auteur fait l'historique des progres de la methode de comptage 4 {pi}. Il decrit les proprietes remarquables du dispositif de comptage 4 {pi} et precise les conditions dans lesquelles les mesures du taux de desintegration se font avec ce dispositif sur une base absolue. Il donne un apercu des types de processus de desintegration radioactive, ainsi que de diverses erreurs auxquelles est sujette une mesure donnee. Il examine en detail le cas ou la probabilite de reponse s'ecarte de l'unite, l'absorption des rayonnements dans le support de la source et l'autoabsorption de la source. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria el autor expone el desarrollo del metodo de recuento 4 {pi}. Describe las caracteristicas particulares de este metodo y explica las razones por las que las mediciones de la velocidad de desintegracion efectuadas segun ese procedimiento tienen un caracter absoluto. Se indican, asimismo, los tipos de procesos de desintegracion radiactiva a los que se puede aplicar el metodo, asi como los diferentes defectos de que puede adolecer una medicion determinada. Tambien se estudia detenidamente el caso en que la probabilidad de respuesta no es igual a la unidad, la absorcion de radiaciones en el soporte de la fuente y la autoabsorcion de la misma. (author) [Russian] Daetsya obzor istorii razvitiya metoda scheta s pomoshch'yu 4 {pi} schetchikov. Privoditsya opisanie unikal'nykh svojstv

Methods for determining fast neutron spectra using threshold detectors; Les methodes de determination des spectres de neutrons rapides a l'aide de detecteurs a seuil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delattre, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

We propose to examine all the methods by which fast neutron spectra can be determined using the response of threshold detectors (activation or fission chamber detectors). Most of these methods have been proposed and often even used by various authors of which a list will be found in the bibliography. The aim of the present report is thus not to present original work but rather to gather into a single article and to present in a rational form a whole series of methods which have already been described in articles scattered throughout the specialised literature. Up to the present, each author has in general studied one or two methods and no comparative study of all the possible methods seems to have been made. The most comprehensive study on this topic is that of P.M. UTHE from whose article much has been borrowed. We have tried here to develop a useful tool which should facilitate the systematic experimental study leading to the recognition of the respective merits of the methods proposed. (author) [French] On se propose d'examiner l'ensemble des methodes permettant de determiner les spectres de neutrons rapides a partir des reponses de detecteurs a seuil (detecteurs par activation ou chambre a fission). La plupart de ces methodes ont deja ete proposees, et souvent meme utilisees, par differents auteurs dont on trouvera la liste en bibliographie. Le but du present rapport n'est donc pas de faire oeuvre originale mais plutot de rassembler dans un meme document et de presenter de maniere homogene toute une serie de methodes qui ont deja fait l'objet d'articles disperses dans la litterature specialisee. Jusqu'a present, chaque auteur s'est en general limite a l'etude experimentale d'une ou deux methodes et aucune etude comparative de l'ensemble des methodes possibles ne semble avoir ete faite. Le rapport le plus complet a ce sujet est celui de P.M. UTHE auquel de larges emprunts ont ete faits. On s'est efforce ici d'elaborer un outil de travail commode qui devrait

Role of contractile prostaglandins and Rho-kinase in growth factor-induced airway smooth muscle contraction

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Zaagsma Johan

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In addition to their proliferative and differentiating effects, several growth factors are capable of inducing a sustained airway smooth muscle (ASM contraction. These contractile effects were previously found to be dependent on Rho-kinase and have also been associated with the production of eicosanoids. However, the precise mechanisms underlying growth factor-induced contraction are still unknown. In this study we investigated the role of contractile prostaglandins and Rho-kinase in growth factor-induced ASM contraction. Methods Growth factor-induced contractions of guinea pig open-ring tracheal preparations were studied by isometric tension measurements. The contribution of Rho-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK and cyclooxygenase (COX to these reponses was established, using the inhibitors Y-27632 (1 μM, U-0126 (3 μM and indomethacin (3 μM, respectively. The Rho-kinase dependency of contractions induced by exogenously applied prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 was also studied. In addition, the effects of the selective FP-receptor antagonist AL-8810 (10 μM and the selective EP1-antagonist AH-6809 (10 μM on growth factor-induced contractions were investigated, both in intact and epithelium-denuded preparations. Growth factor-induced PGF2α-and PGE2-release in the absence and presence of Y-27632, U-0126 and indomethacin, was assessed by an ELISA-assay. Results Epidermal growth factor (EGF-and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-induced contractions of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations were dependent on Rho-kinase, MAPK and COX. Interestingly, growth factor-induced PGF2α-and PGE2-release from tracheal rings was significantly reduced by U-0126 and indomethacin, but not by Y-27632. Also, PGF2α-and PGE2-induced ASM contractions were largely dependent on Rho-kinase, in contrast to other contractile agonists like histamine. The FP-receptor antagonist AL-8810 (10 μM significantly

Possibilities of gas-phase radio-chromatography application to permanent-gas analysis; Possibilites de la radiochromatographie en phase gazeuse applications a l'analyse des gaz permanents

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Dupuis, M.C.; Charrier, G.; Alba, C.; Massimino, D. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes

1970-07-01

The gas-phase radio-chromatography technique has been applied to the rapid analysis of permanent gases (H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, A, Kr, Xe, CO, CH{sub 4}) labelled with radioactive indicators ({sup 3}H, {sup 37}A, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 133}Xe). After calibration, the components of such a mixture can be identified and their concentrations measured in less than two hours, using a sample volume of from 0.1 to 10 cm{sup 3}. The minimum detectable activity is of the order of 10{sup -4} {mu}C for each radioactive isotope. The measurements are reproducible to about 2 to 3 per cent. This work has been mainly concerned with the influence of parameters affecting the response of the radioactivity detector (ionization chamber or gas flow proportional counter). The method has very numerous applications both theoretically, for the study of chromatographic phenomena under ideal conditions (infinitesimal concentrations made possible by the use of radioactive tracers), and practically, for rapid and accurate radiochemical analysis of radioactive gas mixtures. (authors) [French] La technique de radiochromatographie en phase gazeuse est appliquee a l'analyse rapide de gaz permanents (H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, A, Kr, Xe, CO, CH{sub 4}) marques par des indicateurs radioactifs ({sup 3}H, {sup 37}A, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 133}Xe). Apres etalonnage, l'identification et la mesure des concentrations des constituants d'un tel melange requierent moins de deux heures, sur un volume d'echantillon de 0.1 a 10 cm{sup 3}. L'activite minimum detectable est de l'ordre de 10{sup -4} {mu}C pour chaque isotope radioactif. La reproductibilite des mesures est de l'ordre de 2 a 3 pour cent. L'etude porte principalement sur l'influence des parametres affectant la reponse du detecteur de radioactivite (chambre d'ionisation, ou compteur proportionnel a circulation). La methode est extremement fertile en applications tant sur le plan theorique pour l

First Modelling Results of the EM Response of a CO2 Storage in the Paris Basin Premières modélisations de la réponse EM d’un stockage de CO2 dans le bassin Parisien

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Bourgeois B.

2010-07-01

une plaque horizontale carree de 2 km de cote et de 70 m d’epaisseur flottant au toit de l’aquifere reservoir. Une saturation uniforme en CO2 egale a 80 % a ete adoptee dans la plaque, ce qui represente un contraste de resistivite de 25 par rapport a l’aquifere initial. Deux variantes du modele avec des resistivites differentes pour l’aquifere sont comparees. Le cas d’une resistivite realiste de 20 ohm.m donne une reponse electrique time-lapse inferieure au bruit de repetition estime. Ce resultat decevant s’explique par le fait que la couche reservoir dans ce cas est loin d’etre la plus conductrice du modele ; par consequent, elle est traversee seulement par une petite partie du courant injecte, d’ou la faible reponse du CO2. Une deuxieme variante avec une resistivite plus favorable que la realite, mais parfaitement realiste pour un aquifere salin (1 ohm.m, donne une reponse electrique timelapse de l’ordre de 6 % du champ initial, ce qui est bien superieur au bruit de repetition estime. Nous concluons donc que la methode LEMAM est prometteuse pour surveiller un stockage de CO2, a condition que l’aquifere reservoir soit suffisamment conducteur par rapport au reste de la serie recoupee par les longues electrodes.

Approach of combined cancer gene therapy and radiation: response of promoters to ionizing radiation; Approche de therapie genique anti-cancereuse combinee a l'irradiation: etude de la reponse de promoteurs aux radiations ionisantes

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Anstett, A

2005-09-15

Gene therapy is an emerging cancer treatment modality. We are interested in developing a radiation-inducible gene therapy system to sensitize the tumor vasculature to the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. An expression system based on irradiation-inducible promoters will drive the expression of anti-tumor genes in the tumor vasculature. Solid tumors are dependent on angio genesis, a process in which new blood vessels are formed from the pre-existing vasculature. Vascular endothelial cells are un transformed and genetically stable, thus avoiding the problem of resistance to the treatments. Vascular endothelial cells may therefore represent a suitable target for this therapeutic gene therapy strategy.The identification of IR-inducible promoters native to endothelial cells was performed by gene expression profiling using cDNA micro array technology. We describe the genes modified by clinically relevant doses of IR. The extension to high doses aimed at studying the effects of total radiation delivery to the tumor. The radio-inductiveness of the genes selected for promoter study was confirmed by RT-PCR. Analysis of the activity of promoters in response to IR was also assessed in a reporter plasmid. We found that authentic promoters cloned onto a plasmid are not suitable for cancer gene therapy due to their low induction after IR. In contrast, synthetic promoters containing repeated sequence-specific binding sites for IR-activated transcription factors such as NF-{kappa}B are potential candidates for gene therapy. The activity of five tandemly repeated TGGGGACTTTCCGC elements for NF-{kappa}B binding in a luciferase reporter was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the response to fractionated low doses was improved in comparison to the total single dose. Thus, we put present evidence that a synthetic promoter for NF-{kappa}B specific binding may have application in the radio-therapeutic treatment of cancer. (author)

Evolution of virtual simulation and three-dimensional dosimetry practices in mammary pathology in 18 radiotherapy departments of the Grand-East region; Evolution des pratiques de simulation virtuelle et de dosimetrie tridimensionnelle en pathologie mammaire de 18 services de radiotherapie du Grand-Est

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Marchal, C.; Marchesi, V.; Peiffert, D. [Centre Alexis-Vautrin, 54 - Nancy (France); Nguyen Tan, D. [Centre Jean-Godinot, 51 - Reims (France)

2010-10-15

Based on questionnaires and regional meetings, the authors report the assessment of the evolution of professional practices as far passing from conventional simulation to virtual simulation, and from two-dimensional to three-dimensional dosimetry is concerned, particularly in the field of mammary pathology. Short communication

Mathematical Modelling of Single- and Two-Phase Flow Problems in the Process Industries Modélisation mathématique de problèmes d'écoulement mono- et bi-phasique dans les industries de transformation

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Markatos N. C.

2006-11-01

contexte de ce que l'on appelle la technique du domaine fini. Cette méthode peut traiter des distributions mono-, bi- ou tri-dimensionnelles de variables dans l'espace, des procédés stables ou transitoires, des procédés polyphasiques, et des effets tels que turbulence, compressibilité des phases, effet de la gravité, changement de phase, réactions chimiques, stratification par gravité, etc. On démontre l'application de la procédure au calcul numérique d'un certain nombre de procédés ou de situations industrielles, par exemple : adsorbeurs/régénérateurs, chambres de gazéification, fours à ciment et échangeurs de chaleur. L'auteur conclut : - Les versions des équations différentielles obtenues par la technique du domaine fini peuvent être résolues moyennant un coût informatique modéré. - Les solutions sont toujours plausibles sur le plan physique. - Il est indispensable d'effectuer une évaluation et une validation poussées des modèles physiques et chimiques obtenus par CFD, en particulier de ceux qui concernent la turbulence, la cinétique chimique et les procédés de transport entre les phases.

Functional MR Imaging: New tool to predict outcome for cervical carcinoma of uterus treated by concomitant radio chemotherapy?; IRM fonctionnelle: nouvel outil pour predire la reponse des cancers du col uterin a la chimioradiotherapie concomitante?

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Taieb, S.; Faivre-Pierret, M.; Ceugnart, L. [Centre Oscar-Lambret, Dept. d' Imagerie, 59 - Lille (France); Nickers, P. [Centre Oscar-Lambret, Dept. de Radiotherapie, 59 - Lille (France); Lesoin, A.; Narducci, F. [Centre Oscar-Lambret, Dept. de Gynecologie Oncologique, 59 - Lille (France)

2009-10-15

The treatment of advanced cervix is concomitant radio chemotherapy. Local prognosis and global survival depend on tumoral volume, locoregional extension and radio sensitivity of the lesion. This one is function of tumoral hypoxia, tumoral interstitial pressure and existence of an anaemia. Dynamic contract enhanced MRI (D.C.E.-MRI) allows to quantify pilot vascular parameters of the first two factors. Combined analysis: tumoral volume, anaemia and vascular parameters before and in the course of treatment allows a strong correlation with the risk of local recurrence and global survival. (authors)

Time-amplitude converter; Convertisseur temps-amplitude

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Banner, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

It is normal in high energy physics to measure the time of flight of a particle in order to determine its mass. This can be done by the method which consists in transforming the time measurement into an analysis of amplitude, which is easier; a time-amplitude converter has therefore been built for this purpose. The apparatus here described uses a double grid control tube 6 BN 6 whose resolution time, as measured with a pulse generator, is 5 x 10{sup -11} s. The analysis of the response of a particle counter, made up of a scintillator and a photomultiplier, indicates that a time of resolution of 5 x 10{sup -10} s. can be obtained. A time of this order of magnitude is obtained experimentally with the converter. This converter has been used in the study of the time of flight of particles in a secondary beam of the accelerator Saturne. It has thus been possible to measure the energy spectrum of {pi}-mesons, of protons, and of deutons emitted from a polyethylene target bombarded by 1,4 and 2 GeV protons. (author) [French] Pour determiner la masse d'une particule, il est courant, en physique des hautes energies, de mesurer le temps de vol de cette particule. Cela peut etre fait par la methode qui consiste a transformer la mesure d'un temps en une analyse d'amplitude, plus aisee; aussi a-t-on, a cet effet, cree un convertisseur temps-amplitude. L'appareillage decrit dans cet article utilise un tube a double grille de commande 6 BN 6 dont le temps de resolution mesure avec un generateur d'impulsion est de 5.10{sup -11} s. L'analyse de la reponse d'un compteur de particules, constitue par un scintillateur et un photomultiplicateur, indique qu'un temps de resolution de 5.10{sup -10} s peut etre obtenu. Un temps de cet ordre est atteint experimentalement avec le convertisseur. Ce convertisseur a servi a l'etude du temps de vol des particules dans un faisceau secondaire de l'accelerateur Saturne. On a mesure ainsi le spectre d'energie des mesons {pi}, des protons, des deutons

The study by means of a photomultiplier of the scintillations produced by {alpha} particles striking a zinc sulphide screen; Etude, au photomultiplicateur, des scintillations produites par les particules {alpha} dans un ecran de sulfure de zinc. Application a la numeration precise des particules {alpha}

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Anthony, J P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-06-15

The object of the study is the accurate counting of {alpha} particles by p-m. detection of their scintillations upon impact with a zinc sulphide screen. The main advantage of the method is the extreme simplicity of the electronics used: the possibility of obtaining a utilizable pulse from the p-m. (EMI5311) without any amplification, and in linear response, is demonstrated. The scintillation produced by an impact on Zn-S has also been studied experimentally. The decrease of light intensity in relation to time may be interpreted by the exponential relation: I = I{sub 0} exp (-t / {tau}) whereby {tau} = (39 {+-} 0,1) 10{sup -6} s. The relation between scintillation intensity and remaining trajectory after travel through a given air-space has also been determined. Possible suitable applications of this method of {alpha} counting are those where good stability and low background are necessary. Results stated bear on air contamination studies, isotopic composition variation measurement of uranium, bismuth content measurement in alloys by irradiation of specimens in a thermal neutron flux and {alpha} count on the Po formed. (author) [French] Ce travail est consacre a l'etude de la numeration precise des particules {alpha} par detection au photomultiplicateur des scintillations produites par ces particules dans un ecran de sulfure de zinc. Le principal avantage de cette methode reside dans l'extreme simplicite de l'appareillage electronique; il est en effet montre qu'il est possible, tout en convoyant une reponse lineaire, d'obtenir du photomultiplicateur (EMI5311) un signal electrique utilisable sans aucune amplification. La scintillation produite par l'impact des particules {alpha} sur un ecran de Zn-S est etudiee experimentalement. La decroissance de l'intensite lumineuse en fonction du temps est interpretable par la relation exponentielle I = I{sub 0} exp (-t / {tau}) avec {tau} = (39 {+-} 0,1) 10{sup -6} s. La relation entre l'intensite de la scintillation et le

Maintenance of the resonance in a cavity filled with a variable density plasma; Entretien de la resonance d'une cavite chargee par un plasma de densite variable

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Melin, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

({approx}30 Mc/s) avec un temps de reponse de 10 {mu}s (variation brutale de densite {delta}n {approx} 5.10{sup 10} cm{sup 3}). Ces performances deja interessantes vis-a-vis des systemes existants, peuvent etre facilement ameliorees. (auteur)

Frequency-Dependent Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticle Crystals

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Majetich, Sara [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

2016-05-17

MHz), and high frequency (up to 20 GHz) regimes. Our results will demonstrate whether a DC dipolar ferromagnet shows collective frequency-dependent reponse similar to that of an exchange-based ferromagnet, and will provide data for comparison of optimal nanocomposite properties with those of ferrites used in high frequency applications. Both the magnetic and electronic response of the composites will be examined in order to determine the frequency range where hopping conductivity leads to significant eddy current power losses. In the high frequency regime we will look for evidence of spin wave quantization and the resulting decrease in non-linear spin wave processes that could affect the performance of high frequency magnetic devices.

A new detector for the measurement of neutron flux in nuclear reactors; Nouvelle methode de mesure des flux de neutrons dans les reacteurs atomiques

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Koch, L; Labeyrie, J; Tarassenko, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

The detector described is designed for the instantaneous measurement of thermal neutron fluxes, in the presence of high {gamma} ray activity; this detector can withstand temperatures as high as 500 deg. C. It is based on the following principle: radioactive atoms resulting from heavy-nucleus fission are carried by a gas flow to a detector recording their {beta} and {gamma} disintegration. Thermal neutron fluxes as low as few neutrons per cm{sup 2} per second can be measured. This detector may be used to control a nuclear reactor, to plot the thermal flux distribution with an excellent definition (1 mm{sup 2}) for fluxes higher than 10{sup 8} n/cm{sup 2}/s. The time response of the system to a sharp variation of flux is limited, in case of large fluxes, to the transit time of the gas flow between the fission product emitter and the detector; of the order of one tenth of a sec per meter of piping. The detector may also be applied for spectroscopy of fission products eider than 0,1 s. (author)Fren. [French] On decrit un appareil permettant la mesure instantanee des flux de neutrons thermiques accompagnes de flux intenses de rayons {gamma} et situes dans des enceintes pouvant etre portees a des temperatures superieures a 500 deg. C. On utilise la radioactivite des atomes resultant de la fission des noyaux lourds; ces atomes sont entraines par un courant gazeux vers un detecteur de radioactivite qui enregistre leurs desintegrations {beta} et {gamma}. On peut mesurer des flux partir de quelques neutrons thermiques par cm{sup 2} et par seconde. L'appareil permet de suivre la puissance d'un reacteur atomique, de tracer des cartes de densite de neutrons avec une tres bonne definition (1 mm{sup 2}) dans le cas de flux superieurs a 10{sup 8} cm{sup 2}/s. Le temps de reponse du systeme a une variation du flux de neutrons est limite, poes flux importants, par le temps de transit du gaz entre l'emetteur de produits de fission et le detecteur: soit quelques dizaines de

Clinical and dosimetric results of three-dimensional image-guided and pulsed dose rate curie-therapy in locally advanced cervical cancers; Resultats cliniques et dosimetriques de la curietherapie de debit de dose pulse guidee par imagerie tridimensionnelle dans les cancers du col de l'uterus localement evolues

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Mazeron, R.; Gilmore, J.; Dumas, I.; Abrous-Anane, S.; Haberer, S.; Verstraet, R.; Champoudry, J.; Martinetti, F.; Morice, P.; Haie-Meller, C. [Institut de cancerologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif (France)

2011-10-15

The authors report a review of data obtained between 2004 and 2009 on 130 women who had been treated by optimized pulsed-rate curie-therapy for a locally advanced cervical cancer. Results are discussed in terms of cancer stage, treatment (with or without concomitant chemotherapy), planning method (MRI, scanography), delivered doses in the clinical target volumes, surgery, relapse occurrence and localizations, global survival probability, local control, undesirable side effects, occurrence of intestine or urinary toxicity. It appears that the association of a concomitant chemo-radiotherapy and optimized curie-therapy results in a good local-regional control and a low toxicity level. Short communication

Safety precautions in atomic pile control (1962); Securite dans le controle des piles atomiques (1962)

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Furet, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

flux ou un compromis est a faire entre la vitesse de reponse des dispositifs de securite et les fluctuations statistiques, que pour les piles a haut flux ou l'empoisonnement xenon intervient du cote limite inferieure de la vitesse de liberation de reactivlte. L'interet du developpement de l'automatisme dans le controle des piles atomiques comme facteur de securite a ete souligne. Les details necessaires a la comprehension de tous les schemas des appareils mis au point sont donnes. (auteur)

Safety precautions in atomic pile control (1962); Securite dans le controle des piles atomiques (1962)

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Furet, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

developpe aussi bien pour les piles a bas flux ou un compromis est a faire entre la vitesse de reponse des dispositifs de securite et les fluctuations statistiques, que pour les piles a haut flux ou l'empoisonnement xenon intervient du cote limite inferieure de la vitesse de liberation de reactivlte. L'interet du developpement de l'automatisme dans le controle des piles atomiques comme facteur de securite a ete souligne. Les details necessaires a la comprehension de tous les schemas des appareils mis au point sont donnes. (auteur)

Distonia psicogênica: relato de dois casos Psychogenic dystonia: report of two cases

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ANTONIO PEDRO VARGAS

2000-06-01

; psychological examination showed severe depression, hypochondria and obsessive disorder. Patient 2: a female that presented with irregular limb tremors that disappeared with distraction and left foot dystonia nine years ago; she gradually lost her walk capacity; she complained pain in lumbar area and in her left limb, psychological examination showed infantile behaviour, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity and self-aggression. Their complementary exams showed no alterations and they had no reponse to specific pharmacological treatment. Dystonia is rarely psychogenic, but this etiology is suggested when clinical characteristics are inconsistent and incongrous with a classical disorder. It shoud be part of differential diagnosis when appears in association with other somatization or psychiatric disorders.

Diet induced weight loss accelerates onset of negative alliesthesia in obese women

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Frankham Patrick

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The physiological and behavioral responses to hypocaloric diet are to increase energy intake to defend a steady body weight. We utilized the method of "negative alliesthesia" for measuring the hedonic reponse to sweet stimulus before (Initial session and 3 months after entering a weight loss program. The negative alliesthesia test is known by physiologists but few clinical data exist. It is based on the observation that repeated pleasant gustatory stimuli turn into unpleasantness in the process of alliesthesia. At first visit participants repeatedly ingested sweet stimuli until they found them unpleasant and rated quantitatively on a linear analogue scale their hedonic experience. This procedure was repeated every 3 min until participants felt displeasure to end the session. The same protocol was followed after three months of following a weight loss diet. Dieting energy intake was from 1400 – 2000 kcal/d for 8 wk. Energy composition was 50% carb:25% prot: 25% lipid. After 8 wk caloric intake increased by 50 kcal/wk, to reach daily intake of 1800 – 2400 kcal/d. Energy composition was 50% carb:22% prot: 27% lipid. We report results on the effect of slow weight loss on negative alliesthesia in ten obese female participants enrolled in a commercial diet program based on Canada's Food Guide (Mincavi®. Results Results showed that diet lowered the mean BMI (Initial session 36.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 3 mo 34.9 +/- 1.8 kg/m2. At 3 mo the onset of negative alliesthesia, time to abandon experimental session, was shortened (Initial session 33 vs. 3 mo 24 min. The same trend was observed in the time to reach indifference (Initial session 21.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 3 mo 16.2 +/-2.4 min. There was no observed difference in maximum (Initial session +79.5 +/- 11.7; 3 mo +94.5 +/- 9.9 mm and minimum (Initial session -90.0 +/- 14.4; 3 mo -106 +/- 11.1 mm hedonic rating. Conclusion Earlier onset of negative alliesthesia, as seen in our participants, is not

The end of the mining activities. Report for the President of the Republic followed by answers of interested organisms and administrations; La fin des activites minieres. Rapport au President de la Republique suivi des reponses des administrations et des organismes interesses

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NONE

2000-12-01

During more than 200 years, the coal mining took an important place in the economy. The end of this activity will occur in 2005 in France. So the french Government decided to evaluate, in this report, a retrospective and a prospective on the mining costs, the economic and environmental impacts. Legal aspects and the case of the uranium and the potash mines are also presented. (A.L.B.)

Improvement of the detection response time of gas sensors using the association of artificial neural networks with pattern recognition technique; Amelioration de la reponse temporelle de capteurs de gaz par reconnaissance de forme a l'aide de reseaux de neurones

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Bordieu, Ch.; Rebiere, D. [Bordeaux-1 Univ., Lab. IXL, UMR CNRS 5818, 33 (France); Pistre, J.; Planata, R. [Centre d' Etudes du Bouchet, 91 - Vert-le-Petit (France)

1999-07-01

The association of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptrons) with a real time pattern recognition technique (shifting windows) allowed the development of systems for the detection and the quantification of gases. Shifting window technique is presented and offers an interesting way to improve the detection response time. The partial detector characterization with regard to its parameters was realized. Applications dealing with the detection of gas compounds using surface acoustic sensors permit to show the shifting window technique feasibility. (author)

Dosimetric comparison of standard bi-dimensional radiotherapy, mono-isocentric three-dimensional and arc-therapy for a bilateral breast cancer case with ganglionary attack; Comparaison dosimetrique pour un cas de cancer du sein bilateral avec atteinte ganglionnaire de la radiotherapie bidimensionnelle standard, la radiotherapie tridimensionnelle mono-isocentrique et l'arctherapie

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Arnaud, A. [Centre Leon-Berard, Lyon (France); Bodez, V.; Alric, K.; Chastel, D.; Mege, A. [Institut Sainte-Catherine, Avignon (France)

2011-10-15

The authors report a study which aimed at determining the optimal radiotherapy technique for a patient operated from a bilateral breast cancer with ganglionary attack and peculiar thoracic conformation. A dosimetric study has been performed. Target volumes and lung and heart coverages have been compared for three techniques: bi-dimensional and three-dimensional radiotherapy, and arc-therapy. It appears that arc-therapy would allow a dosimetric and therapeutic duration gain without improving the target volume coverage while increasing doses delivered to organs at risk. Short communication

A influência da redução do espaço nasofaringeano na morfologia facial de pré-adolescentes Nasopharyngeal reduction influence in facial morphology of preadolescents

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Ary dos Santos-Pinto

2004-06-01

Full Text Available A redução do espaço nasofaringeano devido à hipertrofia adenoideana leva a adaptações posturais da cabeça, mandíbula, língua e lábios, podendo causar alterações no padrão esquelético facial. Foram coletadas 98 teleradiografias em norma lateral de pré-adolescentes na faixa etária de 7 a 10 anos na Clínica de Ortodontia da F.O. Araraquara, as quais foram selecionadas levando-se em consideração a dimensão da imagem do espaço nasofaringeano (ENF (correspondente à menor distância do dorso do palato mole à parede faringeana posterior. As radiografias foram divididas em 3 grupos: Grupo I (estreito, ENF entre 1,7 e 5,1mm; Grupo II (médio, ENF entre 5,2 e 7,6mm; Grupo III (amplo, ENF entre 7,7 e 12,9mm. Utilizamos duas medidas angulares e seis medidas lineares para caracterizar a morfologia facial. As médias e o desvio padrão de cada medida efetuada foram obtidas, e por meio de teste de análise de variância (ANOVA, verificou-se diferença não significativa entre os grupos para as variáveis: ANperp, p=0,07; PgNperp, p=0,058, comprimento mandibular, p=0,15, comprimento maxilar, p=0,06, diferença maxilomandibular, p=0,98, eixo facial, p=0,96, altura facial inferior, p=0,84 e significativa na variável plano mandibular (pThe nasopharyngeal reduction consequent to a adenoid obstruction is reponsible to postural adaptions of the head, mandible, tongue and lips and may also lead to facial skeleton pattern alterations. Ninety-eight lateral cephalometric X-rays of 7 to 10 years old preadolescents were used considering the nasopharyngeal space width (NSW, that was correspondent to the minor distance between the soft palate and posterior nasopharyngeal wall. The radiographs were divided into 3 groups: Group I (narrow, NSW between 1.7 and 5.1mm; Group II (median, NSW between 5.2 and 7.6mm; Group III (extensive NSW between 7.7 and 12.9mm. Two angular and six linear measurements were used to characterize the facial morphology. The means

Traitements didactiques preventifs d'un type de conceptions erronees en sciences physiques chez des eleves du secondaire

Science.gov (United States)

Blondin, Andre

Dans un contexte constructiviste, les connaissances anterieures d'un individu sont essentielles a la construction de nouvelles connaissances. Quelle qu'en soit la source (certaines de ces connaissances ont ete elaborees en classe, d'autres ont ete elaborees par interaction personnelle de l'individu avec son environnement physique et social), ces connaissances, une fois acquises, constituent les matieres premieres de l'elaboration des nouvelles conceptions de cet individu. Generalement, cette influence est consideree comme positive. Cependant, dans un milieu scolaire ou l'apprentissage de certaines conceptions enchassees dans un programme d'etudes et enterinees par l'ensemble d'une communaute est obligatoire, certaines connaissances anterieures peuvent entraver la construction des conceptions exigees par la communaute. La litterature abonde de tels exemples. Cependant, certaines connaissances anterieures, en soi tout a fait conformes a l'Heritage, peuvent aussi, parce qu'utilisees de facon non pertinente, entraver la construction d'une conception exigee par la communaute. Ici, la litterature nous donne peu d'exemples de ce type, mais nous en fournirons quelques-uns dans le cadre theorique, et ce sera un d'entre eux qui servira de base a nos propos. En effet, une grande proportion d'eleves inscrits a un cours de sciences physiques de la quatrieme secondaire, en reponse a un probleme deja solutionne durant l'annee et redonne lors d'un examen sommatif, "Pourquoi la Lune nous montre-t-elle toujours la meme face?", attribue principalement la cause de ce phenomene a la rotation de la Terre sur son axe. En tant que responsable de l'enseignement de ce programme d'etudes, plusieurs questions nous sont venues a l'esprit, entre autres, comment, dans un contexte constructiviste, est-il possible de reduire chez un eleve, l'impact de cette connaissance anterieure dans l'elaboration de la solution et ainsi prevenir la construction d'une conception erronee? Nous avons teste nos

Effects of Variable Dose-Rates on Radiation Damage in the Rust-Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum Herbst; Effets du debit de dose sur les dommages radioinduits chez le tenebrion roux (Tribolium Castaneum Herbst); Vliyanie razlichnykh moshchnostej doz na radiatsionnoe povrezhdenie krasnogo muchnogo zhuka, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst); Radio lesiones que sufre el Tribolium Castaneum Herbst cuando se le somete a dosis de radiaciones de diversas intensidades

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Nair, K. K.; Subramanyam, G. [Biology Division, Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, Bombay (India)

1963-09-15

In order to find out whether a change in dose-rate would significantly alter a radiation response, eggs as well as the adults of Tribolium castaneum were tested for viability and fertility respectively after exposure to gamma radiation at different dose-rates. The doses employed were 2000 and 5000 rad and the dose-rates ranged from 126 rad/h to 140 000 rad/h. It was observed that with an increase in dose-rate there was a decline in the fertility of the adults. Similarly the viability of the eggs was considerably reduced as the dose-rate increased, but at very high dose-rates there was a significant increase in viability. The significance of these findings is discussed. (author) [French] En vue de determiner si une variation du debit de dose modifie de maniere significative la reponse aux rayonnements, on a fait des essais sur des oeufs et des adultes de Tribolium castaneum, dont on a etudie respectivement la viabilite et la fecondite apres exposition a des doses de rayons gamma d'intensites differentes. On a administre des doses de 2000 et 5000 rad, le debit de dose variant de 126 a 140 000 rad/h. On a constate que la fecondite des adultes diminuait a mesure que le debit de dose augmentait. De meme, la viabilite des oeufs etait considerablement reduite a mesure que le debit de dose augmentait, mais pour des debits de dose tres eleves la viabilite augmentait sensiblement. Les auteurs analysent les donnees obtenues. (author) [Spanish] Para averiguar si un cambio en la intensidad de la dosis produce alteraciones fundamentales en la radiosensibilidad, se comprobo la viabilidad de los huevecillos y la fertilidad de los adultos de Tribolium castaneum despues de exponerlos a dosis de radiaciones gamma de intensidad diferente. Las dosis empleadas fueron 2000 y 5000 rad, y las intensidades oscilaron entre 126 rad/h y 140 000 rad/h. Al aumentar la intensidad de la dosis se produce una disminucion de la fertilidad de los adultos. De modo similar, la viabilidad de los

Study of spectral response of a neutron filter. Design of a method to adjust spectra; Etude des moyens de conditionnement de la reponse spectrale d'un filtre a neutrons. Mise au point d'une methode d'ajustement rapide de spectre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colomb-Dolci, F. [Universite Louis Pasteur, 67 - Strasbourg (France)

1999-02-01

The first part of this thesis describes an experimental method which intends to determine a neutron spectrum in the epithermal range [1 eV -10 keV]. Based on measurements of reaction rates provided by activation foils, it gives flux level in each energy range corresponding to each probe. This method can be used in any reactor location or in a neutron beam. It can determine scepter on eight energy groups, five groups in the epithermal range. The second part of this thesis presents a study of an epithermal neutron beam design, in the frame of Neutron Capture Therapy. A beam tube was specially built to test filters made up of different materials. Its geometry was designed to favour epithermal neutron crossing and to cut thermal and fast neutrons. A code scheme was validated to simulate the device response with a Monte Carlo code. Measurements were made at ISIS reactor and experimental spectra were compared to calculated ones. This validated code scheme was used to simulate different materials usable as shields in the tube. A study of these shields is presented at the end of this thesis. (author)

Mutational pattern of TP53 tumor suppressor gene in human lung cells exposed to air pollution PM{sub 2.5}; Spectre mutationnel de TP53 en reponse a une exposition in vitro a un aerosol atmospherique particulaire PM{sub 2,} {sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Billet, Sylvain; Paget, Vincent [Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille (France); Unite de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Universite du Littoral Cote d' Opale, Dunkerque (France); GRECAN, Universite de Caen Basse-Normandie et Centre Regional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Francois Baclesse, Caen (France); Garcon, Guillaume; Verdin, Anthony; Shirali, Pirouz [Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille (France); Unite de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Universite du Littoral Cote d' Opale, Dunkerque (France); Andre, Veronique; Heutte, Natacha; Sichel, Francois [GRECAN, Universite de Caen Basse-Normandie et Centre Regional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Francois Baclesse, Caen (France)

2012-01-15

Environmental exposure to fine airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) is thought to be responsible for cardiopulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of action potentially involved in PM{sub 2.5} toxicity are not yet fully described. Mutations in the TP53 gene are the most common alterations in human solid tumors. TP53 mutational patterns have sometimes been linked to carcinogen exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the mutations that alter the functionality of this transcription factor in a model of human epithelial lung cells (A549) exposed to the fine particulate fraction (PM{sub 2.5}) of an atmospheric aerosol sampled under urban and industrial influences. PM{sub 2.5} was collected in Dunkerque City by cascade impaction. Its physicochemical characterization revealed the presence of many inorganic and organic compounds, including some that are known for their toxicity. The search for mutations altering the functionality of the P53 protein was performed 72 h after exposure of A549 cells to PM{sub 2.5} at its lethal concentration at 50% (LC{sub 50}, 118.60 {mu}g/mL = 31.63 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}), using the Functional Analysis of Separated Alleles in Yeast (FASAY). Sixteen mutations altering P53 function were detected after A549 cells exposure to the collected PM{sub 2.5}: eight deletions of one or two nucleotides and eight nucleotide substitutions, mainly transitions A > G and G > A. These mutations are described in the literature as possibly caused by endogenous mechanisms, such as oxidative stress. This kind of alteration can be induced by metal content of the PM{sub 2.5}, as well as by metabolic activation of the organic compounds coated onto its surface. Involvement of oxidative stress in TP53 mutations was confirmed by the detection of an oxidative DNA adduct, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in A549 cells exposed to the collected PM. (authors)

The Various Forms of Insulin Secretion Response to the Intravenous and Oral Administration of Glucose in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Les Differentes Modalites de Reponse Insulino-Secretrice Lors de Charges Veineuse et Orale en Glucose dans le Diabete Sucre Non Insulino-Dependant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mirouze, J.; Orsetti, A.; Lapinski, H. [Clinique des Maladies Metaboliques et Endocriniennes, Hopital St-Eloi, Montpellier (France)

1970-02-15

On the basis of 68 observations on advanced diabetes mellitus (20 cases), latent diabetes with obesity (12 cases), chemical diabetes with subjective symptoms (26 cases) and 10 observations of obesity without diabetes, the authors have analysed the various forms of insulin secretion response to the intravenous and oral administration of glucose. The response appeared to be totally withdrawn in advanced diabetes mellitus although the patients were still capable of responding to stimulation with glucagon. In the two other forms of diabetes described, the response to stimulation by intravenous administration was less marked than in normal subjects. With oral administration, on the other hand, the response was greater, although the insulin secreted in this case appeared ineffective in cases of obesity but effective in conditions without obesity due to the hypoglycaemic effect. (author) [French] A l'aide de 68 observations de diabete sucre evolue (20 cas), latent avec obesite (12 cas), chimique avec malaises (26 cas) et de 10 observations d'obesite sans diabete, les auteurs analysent les differentes modalites de riposte insulino- secretrice lors des charges en glucose, veineuse et orale. La riposte s'avere totalement effondree dans le diabete evolue, mais susceptible de repondre encore a la stimulation par le glucagon. Dans les deux autres formes de diabete decrites, la stimulation par charge veineuse est reduite par rapport au sujet normal alors qu'elle est majoree apres charge orale mais l'insuline ainsi secretee parait inefficace dans l'obesite et efficace puisque hypoglycemiante lors de malaises sans obesite. (author)

Clinical Photoscintillography: Technique and Applications; Photoscintigraphie Clinique: Methode et Applications; Klinicheskaya fotostsintillografiya: metodika i primenenie; Fotocentelleografia Clinica: Tecnicas y Aplicaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ephraim, K. H. [Rotterdamsch Radio-Therapeutisch Instituut, Rotterdam (Netherlands)

1964-10-15

For clinical applications of photoscintillography, collimation, contrast-amplification and data storing are of great importance. For the detection of space-occupying lesions in thick organs such as liver and brain, a special 36-channel multifocus collimator was developed. The isoresponse lines of this collimator are shown. Its response hardly changes from the surface to a depth equal to the thickest part of the liver. A special contrast-amplifier was built: a small incandescent ''primary'' bulb, triggered via a pulseamplifier by the output of a single-channel analyser, is monitored by a light dependent resistor (L.D.R.). The resistance of the L.D.R. varies with the count rate. In series with the L.D.R. is a scanning ''secondary'' incandescent bulb. The brightness as well as the frequency of the flashes of the latter vary with the count rate and thus a non-linear response is obtained without the introduction of the inertia of a ratemeter circuit. The ''secondary'' flashes are recorded on film. To prevent loss of information by registering in the saturation region of the film-sensitivity curve, a moderate contrast-amplification is used and the film is viewed on a closed-circuit television system. The necessity is stressed of adapting the collimation to the clinical problem to be solved. Clinical applications of the above technique in the study of diseases of the thyroid, kidneys, livei and the skeleton are discussed. (author) [French] La collimation, le renforcement du contraste et le stockage des donnees jouent un role tres important dans les applications cliniques de la photoscintigraphie. On a mis au point un collimateur special a focalisation, a 36 canaux, pour detecter les lesions en volume dans de grands organes comme le foie et le cerveau. L'auteur presente les courbes d'isoreponse de ce collimateur. La reponse varie tres peu entre la partie superficielle et la partie la plus profonde du foie. On a construit un amplificateur special de contraste: une petite

Health effects of low doses at low dose rates: dose-response relationship modeling in a cohort of workers of the nuclear industry; Effets sanitaires des faibles doses a faibles debits de dose: modelisation de la relation dose-reponse dans une cohorte de travailleurs du nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Metz-Flamant, Camille

2011-09-19

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of chronic external low doses of ionising radiation. This work is based on the French cohort of CEA-AREVA NC nuclear workers. The mains stages of this thesis were (1) conducting a review of epidemiological studies on nuclear workers, (2) completing the database and performing a descriptive analysis of the cohort, (3) quantifying risk by different statistical methods and (4) modelling the exposure-time-risk relationship. The cohort includes monitored workers employed more than one year between 1950 and 1994 at CEA or AREVA NC companies. Individual annual external exposure, history of work, vital status and causes of death were reconstructed for each worker. Standardized mortality ratios using French national mortality rates as external reference were computed. Exposure-risk analysis was conducted in the cohort using the linear excess relative risk model, based on both Poisson regression and Cox model. Time dependent modifying factors were investigated by adding an interaction term in the model or by using exposure time windows. The cohort includes 36, 769 workers, followed-up until age 60 in average. During the 1968- 2004 period, 5, 443 deaths, 2, 213 cancers, 62 leukemia and 1, 314 cardiovascular diseases were recorded. Among the 57% exposed workers, the mean cumulative dose was 21.5 milli-sieverts (mSv). A strong Healthy Worker Effect is observed in the cohort. Significant elevated risks of pleura cancer and melanoma deaths were observed in the cohort but not associated with dose. No significant association was observed with solid cancers, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for leukemia excluding chronic lymphatic leukemia, mainly for doses received less than 15 years before and for yearly dose rates higher than 10 mSv. This PhD work contributes to the evaluation of risks associated to chronic external radiation exposure. Our study finds a risk of leukemia associated with chronic external exposure and allows taking into account modifying factors of this relation. Additional follow-up allows to improve the precision of the estimated dose-response relationship. A combined analysis including the present cohort and other nuclear cohorts could quantify more precisely the risks associated with low doses at low dose rates, in order to validate current underlying hypotheses of the radiation protection system. (author)

Determination of the Integral/SPI instrumental response and his application to the observation of gamma ray lines in the Vela region; Determination de la reponse instrumentale du spectrometre INTEGRAL/SPI et application a l'observation des raies gamma de la region des Voiles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Attie, D

2005-01-15

The INTEGRAL/SPI spectrometer was designed to observe the sky in the energy band of 20 keV to 8 MeV. The specificity of instrument SPI rests on the excellent spectral resolution (2.3 keV with 1 MeV) of its detecting plan, composed of 19 cooled germanium crystals; covering an effective area of 508 cm{sup 2}. The use of a coded mask, located at 1.7 m above the detection plan ensures to it a resolving power of 2.5 degrees. The aim of this thesis, begun before the INTEGRAL launch, is made up of two parts. The first part relates to the analysis of the spectrometer calibration data. The objective was to measure and check the performances of the telescope, in particular to validate simulations of the INTEGRAL/SPI instrument response. This objective was successfully achieved. This analysis also highlights the presence of a significant instrumental background noise. Whereas, the second part concentrates on the data analysis of the Vela region observations. I have approached two astrophysical topics dealing with: - the search for radioactive decays lines of titanium-44, which is produced by explosive nucleosynthesis, in the supernova remnant of Vela Junior and, - the search of cyclotron resonance scattering features expected towards 25 keV and 52 keV in the accreting pulsar spectrum of the x-ray binary star Vela X-1. Putting forward the hypothesis that the result obtained previously by COMPTEL is correct and considering the no-detection of the titanium-44 lines by SPI, we give a lower limit at 4500 km s{sup -1} for the ejecta velocity from Vela Junior. The analysis on the research of the cyclotron lines have shown that the results are very sensitive to the instrumental background. Thorough studies will be necessary to guarantee an unambiguous detection of these lines. (author)

A review of calculation methods for fast and intermediate reactors; Expose des methodes pour le calcul de reacteurs a neutrons rapides et intermediaires; Obzor metodov rascheta reaktorov na promezhutochnykh i bystrykh nejtronakh; Estudio panoramico de los metodos de calculo de los reactores rapidos e intermedios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marchuk, G I [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1962-03-15

This paper discusses the development of methods for calculating intermediate and fast reactors. It deals with various approaches to the problems of physical calculation. The calculation of resonance effects is discussed. Consideration is given to multi-group systems of fundamental and conjugate equations, various applications of perturbation theory to the problems of physical reactor calculation, and numerical methods of solving fundamental and conjugate reactor equations, which approximate the method of spherical harmonics. The paper describes an application of the response method to the solution of critical-mass problems, and methods of calculating reactors with hydrogeneous moderators. The fundamental features of an effective one-group reactor model are described. (author) [French] L'auteur examine la mise au point de methodes pour le calcul de reacteurs a neutrons rapides et intermediaires . Il decrit diverses manieres d'aborder les problemes des calculs sur la physique des reacteurs, notamment le calcul des effets de resonance. Il s'attache particulierement aux points suivants: systemes d'equations fondamentales et conjuguees a plusieurs groupes; diverses applications de la theorie des perturbations aux problemes de calculs sur la physique des reacteurs; methodes numeriques pour resoudre les equations fondamentales et conjuguees, voisines de la methode des harmoniques spheriques. L'auteur decrit ensuite une maniere d'appliquer la methode de la reponse aux problemes de la masse critique ainsi que des methodes pour le calcul de reacteurs ralentis a l'hydrogene. Il decrit les caracteristique s fondamentale s d'un modele de reacteur a un groupe effectif. (author) [Spanish] El autor analiza el desarrollo de los metodos de calculo de los reactores nucleares que trabajan con neutrones rapidos y con neutrones intermedios. Examina diversos planteos de los problemas del calculo fisico. Indica la forma de tomar en cuenta los efectos de resonancia y menciona los sistemas

Influence of hydrogen on metals behavior. 1 - Mechanical behavior of Ti 6 pc Al 6 pc V 2 pc Sn titanium alloy versus hydrogen: influence of heat treatment and of oxygen content; Influence de l'hydrogene sur le comportement des metaux. 1 - comportement mecanique de l'alliage de titane T A6 V6 E2 vis-a-vis de l'hydrogene: influence du traitement thermique et de la teneur en oxygene

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaller, Bernard

1972-06-26

seuil de concentration eleve (2000 ppm H) qui coincide avec la saturation de la phases {beta} en hydrogene. Lorsque l'alliage comporte des domaines non stabilises, sa reponse vis-a-vis de l'hydrogene depend de l'existence ou non d'un recuit final dans la zone de temperature 300-500 C, propice a la formation de phase {omega}. En l'absence d'un tel recuit, une diminution de la capacite de deformation ne se manifeste que pour des teneurs elevees (> 1500 ppm H). Par contre, si un recuit a 400 C a ete effectue, on observe un durcissement de l'alliage et une baisse de ductilite des les plus faibles teneurs en hydrogene: la sensibilite de l'alliage vis-a-vis de l'hydrogene est alors tres grande. De faibles quantites d'oxygene (jusqu'a 2000 ppm) n'affecte pas de facon sensible le bon comportement de cet alliage vis-a-vis de l'hydrogene. Au-dela de 2500 ppm, tout en ameliorant la resistance mecanique, l'oxygene diminue cependant fortement la capacite de deformation. (auteur)

Improved organic scintillation detectors; Possibilites de perfectionnement des detecteurs organiques a scintillations; Usovershenstvovannye organicheskie stsintillyatsionnye detektory; Detectores organicos de centelleo perfeccionados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Birks, J B [University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

Equations have been derived for the practical scintillation efficiency (photo-electrons/MeV) of organic crystals and solutions in terms of molecular parameters and these have been applied to the more important scintillator systems, for photomultipliers with S11 (glass window) and S13 (quartz window) responses. The results suggest several improvements in current organic scintillation detector practice: the use of binary rather than ternary solutions; the use of quartz rather than glass windows; and the reconsideration of mixed crystal scintillators based on naphthalene. Improvements by factors of 2 or more in the figure of merit (practical efficiency/decay time) for fast-scintillation counting can be obtained. (author) [French] L'auteur a etabli des equations pour determiner le rendement de scintillation (photoelectrons/MeV) de cristaux et solutions organiques, en faisant intervenir des parametres moleculaires. Il a applique ces equations a des appareils a scintillations plus importantes pour determiner la reponse des photomultiplicateurs a fenetre en verre (S11) et a fenetre en quartz (S13). Les resultats obtenus ont fait apparaitre la possibilite d'ameliorer, a plusieurs egards, les detecteurs organiques a scintillations du type courant, par exemple en remplacant les solutions ternaires par des solutions binaires, les fenetres en verre par des fenetres en quartz, ou en reexaminant les possibilites offertes par les scintillateurs a cristaux mixtes a base de naphtalene. L'introduction de ces perfectionnements conduirait a une amelioration, du simple au double ou plus, du facteur de qualite (efficacite/temps de decroissance) des dispositifs de comptage a scintillations. (author) [Spanish] Se han establecido ecuaciones que permiten calcular el rendimiento practico de centelleo (fotoelectrones/MeV) de los cristales y soluciones organicos en funcion de parametros moleculares; estas ecuaciones han sido aplicadas a los sistemas de centelleo mas importantes, para

Choice of Method of Collection and Measurement for an Aerosol Monitor with Filter; Choix du Mode de Collection et de Mesure pour un Moniteur d'Aerosols a Filtre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lafont-Rapnouil, M. [Compagnie Francaise Thomson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt, Chatou (France)

1967-12-15

surveillance continue de l'atmosphere, conduit a penser qu'une solution interessante aux problemes de base poses par ce type d'appareil consiste a employer un filtre fixe dont l'activite est mesuree pendant le prelevement. Ce procede procure en outre d'autres avantages; simplicite, bon rendement de detection, rapidite de reponse, homogeneite du depot devant le detecteur, exploitation commode. L'emploi d'un filtre fixe n'exclut pas son remplacement automatique par un systeme d'avance pas a pas qui peut lui-meme etre asservi au declenchement de l'alarme. On decrit brievement un exemple de realisation de tetes de prelevement repondant aux criteres ci-dessus et de porte-filtres qui leur sont associes. Ces tetes peuvent etre equipees de differents detecteurs (alpha, beta ou mixtes: tubes Geiger-Mueller, scintillateurs ou sem i-conducteurs) et permettent un changement aise du filtre. Le choix de ces principes ne met pas en cause les autres aspects fort complexes de la validite globale de l'echantillon et permet de resoudre de maniere simple les problemes courants en matiere de radioactivite des aerosols. (author)

Analyse chronometrique intersexes de la resolution de la tache d'horizontalite des liquides

Science.gov (United States)

Berthiaume, Francois

'ecart intersexes disparait si l'analyse tient compte de cette connaissance. Sur le plan du temps de reponse, les deux sexes ne se distinguent que lors du trace de la surface de l'eau dans un contenant incline, les garcons reflechissant alors plus longtemps. Le temps mis a produire, puis a verifier un trace, ne differe pas selon le sexe des participants. Dans l'evaluation de l'orientation d'une ligne cependant, les filles ne se distinguent pas des garcons et les participants connaissant le principe d'invariance reussissent mieux que ceux l'ignorant. Par ailleurs, les filles procedent toujours moins rapidement que les garcons. Pour les contenants inclines ou a l'horizontale, si la ligne represente la surface de l'eau, la difference intersexes est annulee quand la connaissance du principe est prise en compte. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Nouvelles approches en theorie du champ moyen dynamique: le cas du pouvoir thermoelectrique et celui de l'effet orbital d'un champ magnetique

Science.gov (United States)

Arsenault, Louis-Francois

. Nous avons aussi developpe la methode pour le cas d'un empilement de plans bidimensionnels selon z, ce qui permet d'etudier l'effet orbital du champ dans des nanostructures et meme dans les materiaux massifs, si le nombre de plans est suffisant pour obtenir la limite tridimensionnelle. Mots cles : Pouvoir thermoelectrique, Theorie du Champ Moyen Dynamique, Modele de Hubbard, Effet orbital du champ magnetique, Electrons fortement correles, Materiaux quantiques, Theorie des perturbations iterees

Pleural mesothelioma: dose-response relation at low levels of asbestos exposure in a french population-based case-control study; Mesotheliome pleural: relation dose-reponse a faibles niveaux d'exposition a l'amiante dans une etude cas-temoins au sein d'une polulation francaise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwatsubo, Y.; Pairo, J.C.; Boutin, C.; Menard, O.; Massin, N.; Caillaud, D.; Orlowski, E.; Galateau-Salle, F.; Bignon, J.; Brochard, P.

1998-03-01

The objectives of this study were to study the dose-response relationship between professional exposure to asbestos and the supervening of the pleural mesothelioma in general population. This work notes an excess of death by pulmonary cancer among the asbestos-cement workers but one can regret the weakness of the exposure estimation (only one source of exposure is considered) and that some others risk factors have not been taken into account (tobacco, for example). (N.C.)

Three dimensional conformal irradiation with intensity modulation by tomo-therapy at the skull base in three patients with a acrochordoma and a patient with a chondrosarcoma; Irradiation conformationnelle tridimensionnelle avec modulation d'intensite par tomotherapie de la base du crane chez 3 patients atteints d'un chordome et un patient atteint d'un chondrosarcome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noel, G.; Meyer, P.; Niederst, C.; Antoni, D.; Karamanoukian, D. [Centre de lutte contre le cancer Paul-Strauss, 67 - Strasbourg (France); Froelich, S.; Boyer, P. [Hopital Universitaire de Hautepierre, 67 - Strasbourg (France); George, B. [Hopital Universitaire Lariboisiere, AP-HP, 75 - Paris (France)

2009-10-15

The tomo-therapy of acrochordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base is possible. The dose distribution is satisfying the tolerance is acceptable. A dosimetry comparison with protons is being. (N.C.)

Mesure et retroaction sur un qubit multi-niveaux en electrodynamique quantique en circuit non lineair

Science.gov (United States)

Boissonneault, Maxime

L'electrodynamique quantique en circuit est une architecture prometteuse pour le calcul quantique ainsi que pour etudier l'optique quantique. Dans cette architecture, on couple un ou plusieurs qubits supraconducteurs jouant le role d'atomes a un ou plusieurs resonateurs jouant le role de cavites optiques. Dans cette these, j'etudie l'interaction entre un seul qubit supraconducteur et un seul resonateur, en permettant cependant au qubit d'avoir plus de deux niveaux et au resonateur d'avoir une non-linearite Kerr. Je m'interesse particulierement a la lecture de l'etat du qubit et a son amelioration, a la retroaction du processus de mesure sur le qubit de meme qu'a l'etude des proprietes quantiques du resonateur a l'aide du qubit. J'utilise pour ce faire un modele analytique reduit que je developpe a partir de la description complete du systeme en utilisant principalement des transfprmations unitaires et une elimination adiabatique. J'utilise aussi une librairie de calcul numerique maison permettant de simuler efficacement l'evolution du systeme complet. Je compare les predictions du modele analytique reduit et les resultats de simulations numeriques a des resultats experimentaux obtenus par l'equipe de quantronique du CEASaclay. Ces resultats sont ceux d'une spectroscopie d'un qubit supraconducteur couple a un resonateur non lineaire excite. Dans un regime de faible puissance de spectroscopie le modele reduit predit correctement la position et la largeur de la raie. La position de la raie subit les decalages de Lamb et de Stark, et sa largeur est dominee par un dephasage induit par le processus de mesure. Je montre que, pour les parametres typiques de l'electrodynamique quantique en circuit, un accord quantitatif requiert un modele en reponse non lineaire du champ intra-resonateur, tel que celui developpe. Dans un regime de forte puissance de spectroscopie, des bandes laterales apparaissent et sont causees par les fluctuations quantiques du champ electromagnetique

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDS) and OLED-based structurally integrated optical sensors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cai, Yuankun [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2010-01-01

rate due to microheterogeneity. Effect of TiO₂ doping was also discussed. Stretched exponential analysis also generates calibration curves with higher sensitivity, which is preferred from the operational point of view. The work of enhanced integration was shown in chapter 7 with a polymer photodetector, which enables the preferred operation mode, decay time measurement, due to fast reponse (<20 μs). Device thickness was enlarged for maximum absorption of the PL, which was realized by slow spincoating rate and shorter spincoating time. Film prepared this way shows more crystalline order by Raman spectra, probably due to slow evaporation. This also ensures charge transport is not affected even with a thick film as indicated in the response time. Combination of OLEDs and polymer photodetectors present opportunities for solution processed all-organic sensors, which enables cheap processing at large scale. Future development can focus on monolithically integration of OLEDs and organic photodetectors (OPD) on the same substrate at a small scale, which could be enabled by inkjet printing. As OLED and OPD technologies continue to advance, small-sized, flexible and all-organic structurally integrated sensor platforms will become true in the near future.

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDS) and OLED-based structurally integrated optical sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, Yuankun

2010-01-01

O 2 doping was also discussed. Stretched exponential analysis also generates calibration curves with higher sensitivity, which is preferred from the operational point of view. The work of enhanced integration was shown in chapter 7 with a polymer photodetector, which enables the preferred operation mode, decay time measurement, due to fast reponse (<20 μs). Device thickness was enlarged for maximum absorption of the PL, which was realized by slow spincoating rate and shorter spincoating time. Film prepared this way shows more crystalline order by Raman spectra, probably due to slow evaporation. This also ensures charge transport is not affected even with a thick film as indicated in the response time. Combination of OLEDs and polymer photodetectors present opportunities for solution processed all-organic sensors, which enables cheap processing at large scale. Future development can focus on monolithically integration of OLEDs and organic photodetectors (OPD) on the same substrate at a small scale, which could be enabled by inkjet printing. As OLED and OPD technologies continue to advance, small-sized, flexible and all-organic structurally integrated sensor platforms will become true in the near future.

Brain wave correlates of attentional states: Event related potentials and quantitative EEG analysis during performance of cognitive and perceptual tasks

Science.gov (United States)

Freeman, Frederick G.

1993-01-01

presented target stimulus. In addition to the task requirements, irrelevant tones were presented in the background. Research has shown that even though these stimuli are not attended, ERP's to them can still be elicited. The amplitude of the ERP waves has been shown to change as a function of a person's level of alertness. ERP's were also collected and analyzed for the target stimuli for each task. Brain maps were produced based on the ERP voltages for the different stimuli. In addition to the ERP's, a quantitative EEG (QEEG) was performed on the data using a fast Fourier technique to produce a power spectral analysis of the EEG. This analysis was conducted on the continuous EEG while the subjects were performing the tasks. Finally, a QEEG was performed on periods during the task when subjects indicated that they were in an altered state of awareness. During the tasks, subjects were asked to indicate by pressing a button when they realized their level of task awareness had changed. EEG epochs were collected for times just before and just after subjects made this reponse. The purpose of this final analysis was to determine whether or not subjective indices of level of awareness could be correlated with different patterns of EEG.

About the distribution of delays in G.M counters; Sur la distribution des retards dans les compteurs G.M

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Picard, E; Rogozinski, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay(France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1954-07-01

We measure, with an oscillograph method the global time that pass between the time that a particle in a determined region of the studied counter and the answer of the amplifier associated to the counter. This delay is composed of the latency time T{sub l} and the T{sub q} delay, that result from the rise time finished of the impulse and whose value depends of the sensitivity threshold of the amplifier. The selection of (cosmic) particles generating discharge in the studied counter is obtained thanks to a telescope of two meters in coincidence whose opening is limited by a group of four counters in anti-coincidence with the first. The meter is arranged so that the median plan of the telescope crosses to a variable distance d of his axial thread. The measures have been done for different securities of the distance d and of the over-voltage V{sub s} applied to the counter. The results show that the statistical distribution of the delays is more spread especially when d is bigger and V{sub s} more reduced. The average values of the observed delays vary of 7.10{sup -8} s for d = 0 and V{sub s}es = 200 V, to 90.10{sup -8} s for d = 1,9 cm and V{sub s} = 50 V. The mobility of an free electron within the gaseous mixture filling the counter under a pressure of 10 cm.Hg was found equal: (2,1 {+-}0,2).10{sup 4} cm{sup 2}.s{sup -1}.V{sup -1}. (author) [French] On mesure, par une methode oscillographique le temps global qui s'ecoule entre le passage de la particule dans une region determinee du compteur etudie et la reponse de l'amplificateur associe au compteur. Ce retard se compose du temps de latence T{sub l} proprement dit et du retard T{sub q}, qui resulte du temps de montee fini de l'impulsion et dont la valeur depend du seuil de sensibilite de l'amplificateur. La selection des particules (cosmiques) generatrices de la decharge dans le compteur etudie est obtenue grace a un telescope de deux compteurs en coincidence dont l'ouverture est limitee par un groupe de quatre

Open-air ionisation chambers with walls of soft-tissue equivalent material for measuring photon doses; Chambres d'ionisation d'ambiance a parois en materiau equivalent aux tissus mous pour la mesure des doses absorbees dues aux photons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vialettes, H.; Anceau, J.C.; Grand, M.; Petit, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

'energie comprise entre 10 keV et 10 MeV. De plus, ce materiau ne contenant pas d'hydrogene, la chambre presente une sensibilite aux neutrons nettement plus faible que les autre chambres couramment utilisees. Enfin, la forme de ces chambres a ete etudiee pour obtenir une reponse en isotropie satisfaisante; c'est ainsi que pour un rayonnement gamma de 27 keV, la chambre de volume 3 litres est isotrope a 10 pour cent pres sur 270 degres, et celle de volume 12 litres est isotrope a 10 pour cent pres sur 300 degres ; pour un rayonnement gamma de 1.25 MeV, cette plage s'etend sur 330 degres pour la chambre de 3 litres, et 360 degres pour la chambre de 12 litres. Ce rapport presente les mesures effectuees sur ces chambres ainsi que les resultats obtenus. Ces resultats sont ensuite compares a ceux obtenus avec les autres chambres utilisees couramment dans le domaine de la radioprotection. (auteurs)

Adaptive response to ionizing radiation in normal human skin fibroblasts. Enhancement of DNA repair rate and modulation of gene expression. Reponse adaptative au rayonnement ionisant des fibroblastes de peau humaine. Augmentation de la vitesse de reparation de l'ADN et variation de l'expression des genes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Toledo, S.M. de; Mitchel, R.E.J. (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON (Canada). Chalk River Nuclear Labs.); Azzam, E. (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON (Canada). Chalk River Nuclear Labs. Ottawa Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Biology); Raaphorst, G.P. (Ottawa Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Biology)

Low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation enhance the rate of DNA repair in human fibroblasts and protect the cells against radiation-induced micronucleus formation. Chronic exposures reduce the mRNA levels of the genes topoisomerase II and FACC-1 (Fanconi's anemia, group C). (authors). 11 refs., 1 tab., 2 figs.

Vertebrates population response to the climatic change - pertinence of the environmental indicators and influence of the demographic strategies and consequences for the biodiversity dynamic; Reponses demographiques des vertebres aux changements climatiques - pertinence d'indicateurs environnementaux et influence des strategies demographiques et consequences pour la dynamique de la biodiversite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weimerskirch, H

2007-07-01

There is a growing interest and major challenge to understand the way environmental variability and climatic change have affected and will affect ecosystems and populations. Long-term records of population parameters of vertebrates are rare, but invaluable to address this challenge. The network CLIMPOP brings together French researchers working with long term data collected on individually marked animals to study the effects of climate change on a range of vertebrate populations (reptiles, birds and mammals) and standardised methods to link climatic factors and demographic parameters. The funding from GICC-IFB has allowed the CLIMPOP group to hire a post doc bridging methodologists and ecologists, organize a workshop and support field studies. Several analyses on a series of vertebrates have been carried out on the link between large-scale and small-scale climatic factors and population dynamics. In addition the CLIMPOP group has carried out a major methodological paper reviewing statistical models and procedures to study the influence of climate on vital rates based on the analysis of individual monitoring data, to identify potential pitfalls in the utilization of these models and procedures, to review published papers in which the influence of climatic variation on survival probability in vertebrate populations has been addressed, to evaluate whether the results from these studies are relevant and to draw practical recommendations to efficiently address effects of climate effects on vital rates in natural vertebrate populations. This evaluation raised six potential methodological issues and indicates that so far most of the studies found in the ecological literature can be considered as being useful for the purpose of generating hypothesis rather than for that of obtaining solid evidence for the impact of climatic factors on vital rates. (author)

Study of atmospheric tritium transfers in lettuce: kinetic study, equilibrium and organic incorporation during a continuous atmospheric exposure; Etude des transferts du tritium atmospherique chez la laitue: Etude cinetique, etat d'equilibre et integration du tritum sous forme organique lors d'une exposition atmospherique continue

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boyer, C.

2009-11-30

This thesis has explored the mechanisms of tritium 'absorption and incorporation in a human-consumed plant, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), due to atmospheric exposure. Foliar uptake appears to play a key role in absorption of tritium as tissue free water tritium. Whatever the development stage and the light conditions, the specific activity in tissue free water reaches that of water vapour in air in several hours. The specific activity ratio is then about 0, 4. The time to reach equilibrium in soil is over 24 hours in most cases: the specific activity ratio ranges then 0, 01 to 0, 26. Incorporation rate of tissue free water tritium as organically-bound tritium has been estimated to 0, 13 to 0, 16 % h-l in average over the growing period of the plant, but marked variations are observed during growth. In particular, a significant increase appeared at the exponential growth stage. Deposition and diffusion of tritium in soil lead to significant OBT activities in soil. Results globally indicate equilibrium between the different environmental compartments (air, soil, plant). However, some experiments have revealed high OBT concentrations regarding atmospheric level exposure and ask for a possible phenomenon of local tritium accumulation in OBT for particular conditions of exposure. (author) [French] Ce travail de these a concerne l'etude des phenomenes d'absorption et d'incorporation sous forme organique du tritium dans un vegetal de consommation courante, la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.), en reponse a une exposition atmospherique. Il apparait que la voie foliaire joue un role primordial dans l'absorption du tritium au sein de l'eau tissulaire des plants. Quels que soient le stade de developpement des plants et les conditions d'eclairement, le temps necessaire pour atteindre l'equilibre des concentrations dans l'eau libre et dans la vapeur d'eau de l'air est de plusieurs heures; le rapport des concentrations est alors de

Pilotaje en la detección de errores de prescripción de citostáticos Pilot study in the detection of errors in cytostatics prescription

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Antonieta Arbesú Michelena

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Dada la alta toxicidad de los citostáticos, resulta importante conocer la prevalencia de los errores de medicación ya que pueden provocar graves consecuencias en la respuesta al tratamiento de cada paciente. Con el objetivo de trazar una estrategia relacionada con la disminución de los posibles errores de prescripción se realizó un estudio piloto durante la semana comprendida entre el 15 y el 21 de diciembre de 2003, en el Servicio Quimioterapia Oncológica del Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología, en 43 órdenes médicas. Los errores para el presente trabajo se clasificaron en errores por omisión (que dificultan la comprobación por parte del farmacéutico y errores de incorrección (que pueden ser potencialmente graves para el paciente. El total de errores fue de 299; en el caso de los errores por omisión, se destacan la no firma por el facultativo en las 43 prescripciones, así como el uso de abreviaturas, siglas o nombres comerciales en el 88,4 %. En relación con los errores graves se aprecia la no inclusión del peso y la talla en ninguna orden médica, la superficie corporal (sc errónea por encima en 15 casos (34,8 %, la subdosificación en 41 ocasiones (47,7 % y la no correspondencia del Protocolo según las Normas Institucionales con 17 incorrecciones. Se pudo conocer que la ocurrencia de errores de prescripción es alta en el Servicio, lo que demuestra que es importante protocolizar las órdenes médicas, lo que permitirá la disminución en el porcentaje de errores detectados en este estudio piloto y continuar profundizando al respecto.Due to the high toxicity of cytostatics it is important to know the prevalence of errors in medication, since they can cause serious consequences in the reponse to the treatment of every patient. In order to lay down a strategy related to the reduction of the possible errors in prescription, a pilot study was conducted in December 15-21, 2003, at the Oncological Chemotherapy Service of the

Modelo natural de dicotomía TH1-TH2: La enfermedad de Hansen Th1-TH2 balance. Natural model: Hansen'disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. L Vaquero

2010-09-01

. Either polars forms present a defwed citokynes secretion profile: Th1 cells (IL-2 and IFN-g dominate in tuberculoid form, whereas cytokines typically produced by Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 dominate in lepromatous form. In the first case, the macrophagic activation kills M leprae. It's lesions are located in nerves and skin only. In the second case, cell-mediated immunity is absent. The bacilli multiply uncontrolably in macrophages and infection is widely disseminated affecting other organs. Humoral immunity is exacerbated and have high levels of antibodies that cannot reach intracellular germ. The factors that determine whether the proliferation CD 4 T cells differentiate into Th1 or Th2 cell are not fully understood. Several hypothesis include genetics factors, prevail of cytokinesin the microenviroment, macrophagic disfunction; alterations in the coestimulatory molecules, on toll receptors of the innate immunity, etc. In recent years times new limphocytes subsets have been discovery (CD4+CD 25+, Tr1, Th3, Th17 that could be implicated in this desregulated immune reponses.

The dismantling of nuclear installations and the radioactive wastes management. Report of the President of the Republic followed by the answers of concerned administrations and organisms; Le demantelement des installations nucleaires et la gestion des dechets radioactifs. Rapport au President de la Republique suivi des reponses des administrations et des organismes interesses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-01-15

The discussed subjects concerns the situation and the challenges of the nuclear installations dismantling and the radioactive wastes management (main intervenors, panorama of the situation, rules applied to the dismantling and the radioactive wastes), the first experiences of dismantling and radioactive wastes disposal (experiences at the CEA and EDF, implementing of solutions for the disposal), interrogations and certainties (provision for future expenses, public information). (A.L.B.00.

Pilot study on diffusive ground heat storage in the SUVA 'D4' building complex in Root, Switzerland; Etude pilote pour le stockage diffusif des batiments du centre D4 de la SUVA a Root, Lucerne. Analyse de 2 tests de reponse geothermique et integration du stockage diffusif dans le systeme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pahud, D.

2001-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents, in a first part, the results of two thermal response tests made on a geothermal heat storage system that forms part of a heating and cooling system for a complex of buildings comprising the 'D4' centre of the Swiss Accident Insurance Institution (SUVA) in Root, near Lucerne, Switzerland. These in situ response tests on two borehole heat exchangers confirmed the laboratory measurements, indicating that no significant ground water flow is present. In a second part the heat storage dimensioning and the heating/cooling system evaluation by means of computerized simulation are described, which used simulated data for the heating and cooling requirements of the new buildings and the ground heat storage parameters. The PILESIM thermal simulation tool is described, a computer code used to simulate heating and cooling systems that use heat-exchanger piles or borehole heat exchangers. The evaluations made on three system concepts are discussed that permitted the optimal design of the diffusive ground storage system. The construction of the actual system is also described.

Analysis of K-net and Kik-net data: implications for ground motion prediction - acceleration time histories, response spectra and nonlinear site response; Analyse des donnees accelerometriques de K-net et Kik-net: implications pour la prediction du mouvement sismique - accelerogrammes et spectres de reponse - et la prise en compte des effets de site non-lineaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pousse, G

2005-10-15

This thesis intends to characterize ground motion during earthquake. This work is based on two Japanese networks. It deals with databases of shallow events, depth less than 25 km, with magnitude between 4.0 and 7.3. The analysis of K-net allows to compute a spectral ground motion prediction equation and to review the shape of the Eurocode 8 design spectra. We show the larger amplification at short period for Japanese data and bring in light the soil amplification that takes place at large period. In addition, we develop a new empirical model for simulating synthetic stochastic nonstationary acceleration time histories. By specifying magnitude, distance and site effect, this model allows to produce many time histories, that a seismic event is liable to produce at the place of interest. Furthermore, the study of near-field borehole records of the Kik-net allows to explore the validity domain of predictive equations and to explain what occurs by extrapolating ground motion predictions. Finally, we show that nonlinearity reduces the dispersion of ground motion at the surface. (author)

An in-beam test study of the response of calorimeters in the ATLAS Experiment of LHC to charged pions of 3 to 350 GeV energy range; Etude en faisceau-test de la reponse des calorimetres de l'Experience ATLAS du LHC a des pions charges, d'energie comprise entre 3 et 350 Gev

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vincent, Giangiobbe [Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Blaise Pascal, U.F.R de Recherches Scientifiques et Techniques, 34, avenue Carnot - BP 185, 63006 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex (France)

2006-11-15

ATLAS is one of the four main experiments under way of installing within the Large Hadron Project (LHC). LHC will provide two proton beams of high luminosity (1 x 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} at peak), colliding in the center of ATLAS detector at a 14 TeV rated COM energy. The aim of this study is an in-beam test characterization of the response of calorimeters in the central part of ATLAS. The study will be focused on the response to pions as main jet components. In the beginning a short presentation of the ATLAS program of physics is given enlightening the basic theoretical and experimental aspects of the experiment. A description of the ATLAS detector is also presented. The second chapter is devoted to detailed description of the central calorimetry of ATLAS. One starts from the mechanism of signal production in calorimeters, through the electronic processing up to the reconstruction of the released energy. The third chapter deals with the processing electronics of the TileCal hadron calorimeter the installation and certification at CERN of which was in charge of Clermont-Ferrand team. The chapter 4 gives a description of the SPS beam line and of the associated instrumentation tested in-beam in 2004. The chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to the study of the response of calorimeters to high energy pions (within 20 to 350 GeV range). The pion selection is described in the chapter 5. In the eighth chapter the calorimeter response to low energy pions (up to 9 GeV) is examined. In conclusion this study has shown that the data concerning pions obtained in-beam in 2004 are usable for energies within 3 to 350 GeV. The response and the energy resolution of LAr and TileCal were measured with a satisfactory accuracy,. A systematic comparison of these results with simulations (in the configuration of in-beam test) can now be done. Should the agreement be satisfying, the modelling could be used for the study of calibration of calorimeter response for the case of works with the jets.

The accurate definition of metabolic volumes on {sup 18}F-FDG-PET before treatment allows the response to chemoradiotherapy to be predicted in the case of oesophagus cancers; La definition precise des volumes metaboliques sur TEP au 18F-FDG avant traitement permet la prediction de la reponse a la chimioradiotherapie dans les cancers de l'oesophage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hatt, M.; Cheze-Le Rest, C.; Visvikis, D. [Inserm U650, Brest (France); Pradier, O. [Radiotherapie, CHRU Morvan, Brest (France)

2011-10-15

This study aims at assessing the possibility of prediction of the response of locally advanced oesophagus cancers, even before the beginning of treatment, by using metabolic volume measurements performed on {sup 18}F-FDG PET images made before the treatment. Medical files of 50 patients have been analyzed. According to the observed responses, and to metabolic volume and Total Lesion Glycosis (TLG) values, it appears that the images allow the extraction of parameters, such as the TLG, which are criteria for the prediction of the therapeutic response. Short communication

An in-beam test study of the response of calorimeters in the ATLAS Experiment of LHC to charged pions of 3 to 350 GeV energy range; Etude en faisceau-test de la reponse des calorimetres de l'Experience ATLAS du LHC a des pions charges, d'energie comprise entre 3 et 350 Gev

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giangiobbe Vincent [Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Blaise Pascal, U.F.R de Recherches Scientifiques et Techniques, 34, avenue Carnot - BP 185, 63006 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex (France)

2006-11-15

ATLAS is one of the four main experiments under way of installing within the Large Hadron Project (LHC). LHC will provide two proton beams of high luminosity (1 x 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} at peak), colliding in the center of ATLAS detector at a 14 TeV rated COM energy. The aim of this study is an in-beam test characterization of the response of calorimeters in the central part of ATLAS. The study will be focused on the response to pions as main jet components. In the beginning a short presentation of the ATLAS program of physics is given enlightening the basic theoretical and experimental aspects of the experiment. A description of the ATLAS detector is also presented. The second chapter is devoted to detailed description of the central calorimetry of ATLAS. One starts from the mechanism of signal production in calorimeters, through the electronic processing up to the reconstruction of the released energy. The third chapter deals with the processing electronics of the TileCal hadron calorimeter the installation and certification at CERN of which was in charge of Clermont-Ferrand team. The chapter 4 gives a description of the SPS beam line and of the associated instrumentation tested in-beam in 2004. The chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to the study of the response of calorimeters to high energy pions (within 20 to 350 GeV range). The pion selection is described in the chapter 5. In the eighth chapter the calorimeter response to low energy pions (up to 9 GeV) is examined. In conclusion this study has shown that the data concerning pions obtained in-beam in 2004 are usable for energies within 3 to 350 GeV. The response and the energy resolution of LAr and TileCal were measured with a satisfactory accuracy,. A systematic comparison of these results with simulations (in the configuration of in-beam test) can now be done. Should the agreement be satisfying, the modelling could be used for the study of calibration of calorimeter response for the case of works with the jets.

Global Methodology to Integrate Innovative Models for Electric Motors in Complete Vehicle Simulators Méthodologie générale d’intégration de modèles innovants de moteurs électriques dans des simulateurs véhicules complets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdelli A.

2011-11-01

. Comment reduire les emissions moyennes de CO2 des vehicules particuliers a 120 g/km en 2012 et 95 g/km en 2020 comme le prevoit l’accord conclu entre la Commission Europeenne et les constructeurs europeens ? Cette question a reponses multiples preoccupe a l’heure actuelle l’ensemble du monde automobile. L’electrification des vehicules semble etre une des solutions les plus pertinentes, ce qui pousse les constructeurs a envisager des vehicules hybrides de plus en plus innovants. Cette solution, theoriquement tres interessante, complexifie encore un peu plus les groupes moto-propulseurs des vehicules, ce qui necessite l’utilisation d’outils de simulation adequats pour reduire les couts et les durees de developpement. La simulation systeme, outil deja primordial dans le processus de developpement des moteurs a combustion interne, devient alors incontournable. Pour etudier ce type d’architectures hybrides complexes, et a l’instar des modeles physiques developpes pour le moteur a combustion interne, la simulation systeme doit se doter de modeles predictifs comparables pour les machines electriques. Des leurs specifications, ces modeles doivent integrer certaines contraintes tres exigeantes sur les temps de simulation, contrainte garantissant par la suite une plus large utilisation des simulateurs, notamment pour le developpement et la validation de strategies de controle. L’objectif de ce papier est donc de presenter une methodologie generale de developpement de modeles de machines electriques, modeles ayant pour objectif final d’etre integres dans un simulateur vehicule complet. Cette methodologie met en scene differents types de modelisations (modeles elements finis, modeles de caracterisation, modele de simulation permettant un compromis temps de calcul – precision adequat. Cette methodologie a ete deployee avec succes pour la modelisation d’un moteur synchrone a aimants permanents. A l’issue du processus de modelisation, ce dernier a ete integre

Radioactive thickness gauge; Jauge d'epaisseur radioactive; Radioaktivnyj tolshchinomer; Calibrador radiactivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guizerix, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, Grenoble (France)

1962-01-15

The author describes a thickness gauge in which the scintillating crystal detector alternately ''sees'' a radioactive source through the material which is to be measured and then a control source of the same material; the radiations are separated in time by an absorbing valve whose sections are alternately full and hollow. The currents corresponding to the two sources are separated beyond the photomultiplier tube by a detector synchronized with the rotation of the valve. The quotient of these two currents is then obtained with a standard recording potentiometer. It is found that the average value of the response-which is in the form G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2})-is not affected by decay of the radioactive sources, and that it is little influenced by variations of high tension, temperature, or properties of the air in the sourcedetector interval. The performance of the gauge is given. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit une jauge d'epaisseur dans laquelle le cristal scintillant detecteur alternativement une source radioactive a travers le materiau a mesurer, puis une source de reference de meme nature; la separation des rayonnements est faite dans le temps a l'aide d'un volet absorbeur a secteurs alternativement pleins et creux. Les courants correspondant aux deux sources sont separes apres le tube photomultiplicateur par un detecteur synchrone avec la rotation du volet. On fait ensuite le quotient de ces deux courants a l'aide d'un isotentiometre enregistreur classique. Il resulte de cette disposition que la valeur moyenne de la reponse, qui est de la forme G = f(I{sub 1}/I{sub 2}) n'est pas affectee par la decroissance des sources radioactives, et qu'elle est peu sensible aux variations de haute tension, de temperature ou des proprietes de l'air dans l'intervalle source-detecteur. On donne les performances de cette jauge. (author) [Spanish] El autor describe un calibrador en el que el cristal detector de centelleo alternativamente una fuente radiactiva a

Electrical characteristics of sphere-plane type spark counters; Caracteristiques electriques de compteurs a etincelles du type sphere-plan; Ehlektricheskie kharakteristiki iskrovykh schetchikov tipa shar-ploskost'; Caracteristicas electricas de los contadores de chispas del tipo esfera-plano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laborie, P; Blanc, D [Centre de Physique Nucleaire, Faculte des Sciences de Toulouse (France)

1962-04-15

The authors describe here the mechanical construction and operating characteristics of spark detectors using a small (0.30 mm) diameter sphere as anode, set opposite to a plane cathode and working by the ''corona'' effect, in air at atmospheric pressure. Counting characteristics are very similar to those of Rosenblum-type anode wire detectors. However, the sphere counter has a certain superiority over the Rosenblum counter inherent in its geometry : (a) there sidual current (background) is low and the release of ozone and nitrous oxides during the spark is not of great significance; (b) its self-capacity being very small, the detector gives a faster response; (c) unlike in the case of wire counters, efficiency is independent of particle incidence direction; (d) its sensitive volume, that of a solid of revolution around the axis of symmetry of the detector, amounts to a few cubic millimetres and, being very clearly defined, permits realization of accurate telescopic devices. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent la realisation mecanique et les caracteristiques de fonctionnement de detecteurs a etincelles utilisant comme anode une sphere de petit diametre (0,30 mm), disposee en regard d'une cathode plane, et fonctionnant en regime d'effet , dans l'air sous la pression atmospherique. Les caracteristiques de comptage sont voisines de celles des detecteurs a fil anodique, du type Rosenblum. Le compteur a sphere presente cependant sur le compteur de Rosenblum un certain nombre d'avantages lies a sa geometrie: a) le courant residuel (bruit de fond) est faible, et le degagement d'ozone et d'oxydes de l'azote lors des etincelles est peu considerable; b) sa capacite propre etant tres petite, le detecteur presente une reponse plus rapide; c) l'efficacite est independante de la direction d'incidence de la particule, contrairement a ce qui a lieu pour les compteurs a fil; d) le volume sensible de revolution autour de l'axe de symetrie du detecteur, qui est de

Setting a benchmark in remediation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ong, Jacqueline

2014-01-01

water spray.” While the soil is left with no organic content afterwards, it has some reuse potential in areas such as backfilling the excavated CPWE site and future site development works. Relying on its cumulative knowledge and experience gained in other clean-up projects over the past decade, Thiess also designed, constructed and operated two project-related buildings onsite. The first was the excavation soil building to enclose the CPWE, the other was the feed soil building, which held the soil for testing prior to treatment in the thermal desorption plant. The excavation soil building itself was proof of Thiess' engineering prowess, with Van Der Heiden saying its construction was challenging. “We had to build a structure over the entire encapsulation. It wasn't just a simple building. We had to underpin the building as we excavated. Essentially, we had to move the supporting structures internally as we dug from within,” he said. Thus, the building was constructed with internal walls and pillars that could be moved as the clean-up progressed. Thiess also designed and fitted both the buildings with emission control systems that filtered the air extracted from the buildings. The company then went a step further to make sure it was not tracking material out of the buildings. “Once the trucks were loaded and sealed in the excavation soil building, or unloaded in the feed soil building, they went into an airlock which housed a deluge wheel wash system for the tyres,” Van Der Heiden said. Thiess built a water treatment plant to clean up this water and also wastewater from the thermal desorption plant and worker decontamination facilities. Managing occupational health and hygiene was another major challenge HCBD has extremely low occupational exposure limits, so everyone who worked around the material was issued high- level personal protective equipment that included respirators and disposable gloves and suits. Thiess was reponsible for treating about 92

A Scintillation Camera for Kinetic Studies of the Distribution of Radioactive Nuclides in the Brain; Chambre a Scintillation pour des Etudes sur la Cinetique de la Repartition des Radionucleides dans le Cerveau; Stsintillyatsionnaya kamera dlya kineticheskogo issledovaniya raspredeleniya radioaktivnykh izotopov v tkani mozga; Camara de Centelleo para Estudiar la Cinetica de la Distribucion de Radionuclidos en el Cerebro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, W. [Radiological Research Laboratory, Department Of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States); Schlesinger, E. B.; De Boves, S. [Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)

1964-10-15

des radionucleides dans le cerveau. Ce dispositif utilise deux series de cristaux Nal(Tl) de 1,8 cm sur 2,5 cm, chaque serie comprenant 63 cristaux disposes sur 7 rangs de 9 cristaux selon un quadrillage de 2,5 cm de cote. Il est possible de placer les deux series de maniere a pouvoir obtenir simultanement, soit les vues sur les deux cotes, soit une vue laterale et une vue postero-anterieure (ou antero-posterieure). Le champ de vision de chaque cristal est limite par un collimateur a 19 orifices coniques dont les axes sont tous paralleles. Ce montage donne une reponse a une source continue dans une tumeur simulee, dont la largeur complete a mi-amplitude est presque egale pour toutes les distances jusqu'a 10 cm a partir de la face anterieure du collimateur. Cette reponse est suffisamment large pour eviter des zones 'mortes' significatives, tout en etant assez etroite pour permettre de faire une observation precise de la repartition de l'activite en quelques minutes, si l'on emploie des doses normales d'iode-131. Chaque cristal est optiquement couple a son propre photomultiplicateur. Les impulsions des photomultiplicateurs a la sortie sont analysees au moyen de discriminateurs; l'information est emmagasinee sous forme numerique dans un quart de la memoire d'un analyseur d'amplitude a 512 canaux. Cet ensemble peut accepter des impulsions coiencidant dans le temps et provenant des divers detecteurs; les pertes sont donc negligeables. La lecture peut se faire sous plusieurs formes. Sous une forme numerique, on peut obtenir, soit une feuille dactylographiee, soit une bande perforee en papier. Celle-ci peut etre repassee dans l'appareil aux fins de controle. Sous forme analogique, la lecture se fait sur un oscilloscope a grand ecran. On defocalise le faisceau de l'oscilloscope et on produit deux series de 63 images dont chacune correspond a un cristal. La modulation de l'intensite du faisceau de l'oscilloscope et l'elimination du bruit de fond facilitent la visualisation de

The Measurement of Reactivity In Multiregion Subcritical Systems by the Pulsed Neutron Technique; Mesure de la Reactivite dans les Systemes Sous-Critiques a Plusieurs Regions par la Methode des Neutrons Pulses; Izmerenie reaktivnosti v mnogozonnykh podkriticheskikh sistemakh metodom impul'snykh nejtronov; Mediciones de la Reactividad en Sistemas Subcriticos de Varias Regiones Mediante la Tecnica de los Neutrones Pulsados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sherwin, J.; Leng, J. H. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Windscale Works, Cumberland (United Kingdom)

1965-10-15

-critique a plusieurs regions, au moyen d'une theorie de diffusion a deux groupes. Ils montrent qu'on peut etablir un rapport entre la constante de decroissance du mode fondamental des neutrons instantanes et le facteur de multiplication effectif du systeme en fonction de deux parametres qui ont ete definis, aux fins du present memoire, comme le coefficient de reponse du reacteur et le facteur de correction pour la decroissance des neutrons instantanes et qui dependent dans une large mesure des structures de flux spatiales a l'interieur du systeme. Pour le systeme uniforme sans reflecteur, le coefficient de reponse peut etre considere comme etant identique a la duree de vie moyenne des neutrons dans le systeme; pour un systeme a plusieurs regions, c'est une moyenne des durees de vie dans toutes les regions ponderees par des integrales du type a perturbation. Le deuxieme parametre - le facteur de correction pour la decroissance - ne peut avoir aucune signification physique, en ce sens qu'il ressort d'une tentative faite pour etablir une relation entre les deux echelles de reactivite, savoir l'echelle que l'on obtient en utilisant la constante de decroissance des neutrons instantanes et celle que l'on obtient en utilisant le facteur de multiplication effectif. Les auteurs etudient les proprietes de ces parametres en se referant a un reacteur a uranium enrichi ralenti au graphite, qui se compose d'un coeur uniforme et d'un reflecteur; ils montrent que les deux parametres ne sont pas definis uniquement par la reactivite du systeme, mais dependent de la methode choisie pour rendre le systeme sous-critique. Deux series de mesures sont traitees d'une maniere theorique. Dans l'une, le reacteur a gaz pousse de Windscale a ete arrete par un poison uniforme. Dans l'autre, on a fait varier la reactivite d'un coeur du reacteur HERO de puissance zero en modifiant le rayon de la charge. Les auteurs montrent que toutes les mesures faites au moyen des neutrons puises sont en bon accord avec

Surface integral formulation of Maxwell's equations for simulation of non-destructive testing by eddy currents. Preliminary study on the implementation of the fast multipole method; Formulation integrale surfacique des equations de Maxwell pour la simulation de controles non destructifs par courant de Foucault. Etude preliminaire a la mise en oeuvre de la methode multipole rapide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lim, T.

2011-04-28

numeriquement un controle non destructif par courants de Foucault (CND-CF), la reponse du capteur peut etre modelisee via une approche semi-analytique par integrales de volume. Plus rapide que la methode des elements finis, cette approche est cependant limitee a l'etude de pieces planes ou cylindriques (sans prise en compte des effets de bords) du fait de la complexite de l'expression de la dyade de Green pour des configurations plus generales. Or, il existe une forte demande industrielle pour etendre les capacites de la modelisation CF a des configurations complexes (plaques deformees, bords de piece...). Nous avons donc ete amenes a formuler differemment le probleme electromagnetique, en nous fixant comme objectif de conserver une approche semi-analytique. La formulation integrale surfacique (SIE) permet d'exprimer le probleme volumique en un probleme de transmission equivalent a l'interface (2D) entre sous-domaines homogenes. Ce probleme est ramene a la resolution d'un systeme lineaire (par la methode des moments) dont le nombre d'inconnues est reduit du fait du caractere surfacique du maillage. Des lors, ce systeme peut etre resolu par un solveur direct pour de petites configurations. Cela nous a permis de traiter plusieurs seconds membres (ie. differentes positions de capteurs) pour une seule inversion de la matrice d'impedance. Les resultats numeriques obtenus au moyen de cette formulation concernent des plaques avec la prise en compte des effets de bords tels que l'arete et le coin. Ils sont en accord avec des resultats obtenus par la methode des elements finis. Pour des configurations de grandes tailles, nous avons mene une etude preliminaire a l'adaptation d'une methode d'acceleration du produit matrice-vecteur intervenant dans un solveur iteratif (methode multipole rapide, ou FMM) afin de definir les conditions dans lesquelles le calcul FMM fonctionne correctement (precision, convergence...) dans le contexte CND

Modelos matemáticos para estimar as exigências de lisina digestível para aves de corte ISA Label Mathematical models to estimate digestible lysine of ISA Label broilers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jefferson Costa de Siqueira

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar diferentes modelos ajustados às respostas de ganho de peso obtidas em experimento com aves da linhagem ISA Label no período de 1 a 28 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 480 pintos de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 X 2 (níveis de lisina X sexo, com três repetições, com 20 aves por unidade experimental. Uma ração basal foi formulada para atender às exigências das aves, exceto em lisina. Essa ração foi suplementada com L-lisina HCl em substituição ao ácido L-glutâmico, resultando em rações experimentais isonitrogênicas e isoenergéticas contendo 0,85; 0,97; 1,09 e 1,21% de lisina digestível. As respostas de ganho de peso foram ajustadas de acordo com os níveis de lisina da ração pelos modelos Linear Reponse Plateau (LRP, segmentado de duas inclinações, polinomial quadrático e exponencial. A primeira intersecção da equação quadrática com o platô do LRP também foi utilizado para estimar o nível ótimo. Os níveis de lisina digestível estimados pelos modelos LRP, segmentado e quadrático, foram 0,999; 1,010 e 1,116%, respectivamente. Na combinação do modelo quadrático com o LRP, a estimativa da exigência de lisina digestível foi de 1,041%. O modelo exponencial proporcionou estimativa de 1,066%, considerando 95% da resposta assintótica. Com base nos custos com alimentação, esse mesmo modelo gerou estimativas de 1,000 e 1,030% quando o custo do quilograma de L-lisina HCl foi R$ 8,50 e R$ 6,50, respectivamente. Considerando as limitações de cada um dos modelos propostos, o procedimento para estimar as exigências de lisina digestível pela primeira intersecção da equação quadrática com o platô do LRP foi o mais adequado para melhorar o ganho de peso das aves quando variáveis econômicas não foram consideradas.The objective of this study was to evaluate different models in the adjustment of weight gain (WG

National response plan - Major nuclear or radiological accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-02-01

government's ability to respond to nuclear or radiological accidents and expanding the inter-ministerial nature of its emergency preparedness and response approach that this plan defines the general emergency-preparedness and response framework as well as the strategic actions that may be taken as a crisis evolves, in the case of the reference situations used. The plan refers to a series of sheets that describe how response measures are to be implemented. This national plan has a regional and a departmental version. It is based in particular on France s public safety mechanisms and general emergency-response plan (Organisation de la reponse de la securite civile ORSEC)

What has happened in about the last 20 years in the Canyoles watershed?

Science.gov (United States)

Ángel González Peñaloza, Félix; Cerdà, Artemi; Díaz del Olmo, Fernando

2013-04-01

Union FP7. ENV.2009 243857. Keywords: GIS, land use, degradation, Cànyoles valley, agricultural practices. References Bodí, M.B., Cerdà, A., Mataix-Solera, J., Doerr, S.H. 2012. Efectos de los incendios forestales en la vegetación y el suelo en la cuenca mediterránea: revisión bibliográfica. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 58, 33-35 Cerdà, A, Giménez - Morera, A. Terol, E., Domínguez, A. Jurgensen, M.F., Doerr, S.H. 1999. Cultivos de cítricos y erosión de suelos en el este de la Península Ibérica. En Control de la Degradación de los suelos y cambio global (Eds: Sánchez Díaz, J., Asins Velis, S.). IV Simposio sobre control de la degradación de los suelos y cambio global. Universitat de València. Valencia. 71 - 72. Cerdà, A. 1994. Arroyada superficial en terrazas de cultivo abandonadas. El caso del País Valenciano. Cuadernos de Geografía 56, 135-154 Cerdá, A. 2007. Soil water erosion on road embankments in Eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environments 378, 151-155. González-Peñaloza, F.A., Cerdà, Zavala, L.M., Jordán, A. 2012. Do conservative agriculture practices increase soil water repellency? A case study in citrus-cropped soils. Soil & Tillage Research 124, 233 - 239. Keenleyside, C., Tucker, G.M. 2010. Farmland Abandonment in the EU: An assessment of Trend and Prospects. Report Prepared for WWF. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. 93 pp. MacDonald, D., Crabtree, J.R., Wiesinger, G., Dax, T., Stamou, N., Fleury, P., Gutiérrez-Lazpita, J., Gibon, A. 2000. Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequenses and policy reponse. Journal of Environmental Management 59, 47-69. Piqueras, J. 2012. Geografía del Territorio Valenciano. Departament de Geografia, Universitat de València (Valencia, España). 256 pp. Renwick, A., Jansson, T., Verburg, P.H., Revoredo-Giha, C., Britz, W., Gocht, A., McCracken, D. 2013. Policy reforms and agricultural land abandonment in the EU. Land Use

Carbon-14 and Hydrogen-3 Measurement by Means of a Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer: Colour Quenching; Mesure du Carbone-14 et du Tritium a l'Aide d'un Spectrometre a Scintillateurliquide: Extinction Chromatique; Izmerenie soderzhaniya Ugleroda-14 i Vodoroda-3 s pomoshch'yu zhidkostnogo stsintillyatsionnogo spektrometra. oslablenie tsveta; Influencia de la Extincion Cromatica en la Medicion del Carbono-14 y del Hidrogeno-3 por Espectrometria del Centelleo Liquido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwakura, T.; Kasida, Y. [National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan)

1965-10-15

chemical quenching curve in {sup 14}Ccounting. On the other hand, similar measurements made in counting {sup 3}H do not show a separation of the two quenching curves. (author). (author) [French] On s'est efforce de trouver une correlation entre l'extinction chromatique et la longueur d'onde d'absorption maximale des scintillateurs liquides. On a egalement cherche a trouver une difference entre les courbes exprimant l'efficacite du comptage en fonction du rapport du discriminateur, selon qu'il s'agit d'extinction chimique ou d'extinction chromatique. On a utilise comme colorants 14 cyanines photosensibles en solution alcoolique. On a fait varier la concentration de teinture dans les echantillons de comptage de 0,5 a 10x10{sup -6} M, de maniere a obtenir le pouvoir absorbant voulu dans le scintillateur liquide. Du toluene-1- 14C et du toluene-3 H ont servi d'etalons internes. On a procede au comptage avec un spectrometre a scintillateur liquide Packard TRI-CARB, modele 314 EX2. Les reglages du discriminateur etaient les suivants: 100 a 1000 divisions pour le canal rouge et 186 a 1000 divisions pour le canal vert. La haute tension appliquee au photomultiplicateur a ete choisie de maniere a obtenir le point d'equilibre dans le canal rouge pour un echantillon non eteint. On a etudie les concentrations des teintures en fcuction du degre d'extinction. En raison des longueurs d'onde caracteristiques de la lumiere emise par le scintillateur et de la reponse des photomultiplicateurs (reponse S-ll), on s'attendait que les solutions rou,geb et jaunes qui accusent une absorption maximale a 400-500 nm donnent l'effet d'extinction le plus prononce. En vue de calculer l'extinction chromatique totale, on a utilise la formule suivante pour determiner le coefficient d'absorption totale: A = ({Sigma}A{sub i}W{sub i})/({Sigma}W{sub i}), dans laquelle W{sub i} est la sensibilite relative du photomultiplicateur pour une lumiere emise sur une longueur d'onde de i nm et A{sub i} est le coefficient

Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

1962-04-15

involving half-lives in the range 10-1000 ns, together with scattering investigations, may be carried out quickly and precisely. This work was supported by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont concu et realise un analyseur electronique destine a l'etude de signaux transitoires simples non recurrents. Lors de son passage le long d'une ligne coaxiale, le signal fait l'objet de prelevements instantanes a un certain nombre de points de branchement, au moyen d'une impulsion unique de declenchement tres breve venant d'un circuit porte. On procede a une dissection suivant le temps en des points multiples, en employant une duree de declenchement et un intervalle entre les prelevements; cette duree et cet intervalle peuvent etre ajustes independamment a partir de 4 ns environ. Les intervalles peuvent etre programmes d'une facon non lineaire, et l'instabilite de la case de temps est inferieure a 0,5 ns. La vitesse de reponse est actuellement limitee par les caracteristiques de la diode. Chaque tension prelevee est allongee dans un circuit qui en conserve l'amplitude. On a pu multiplier la largeur de l'impulsion par 10{sup 8}, tout en maintenant une stabilite satisfaisante. Ces donnees de repere peuvent faire l'objet d'une permutation et d'une transmission par fil nu a des enregistreurs a basse frequence; on peut les convertir sous forme numerique aux fins de depouillement rapide, en utilisant des appareils classiques; on peut aussi, le cas echeant, leur donner une presentation visuelle. L'analyseur est plus avantageux que les oscillographes a grande vitesse, ou il est necessaire d'analyser individuellement un grand nombre de signaux transitoires isoles; on est d'ailleurs oblige de proceder de meme pour etudier les fluctuations de reponse des systemes, ou pour faire des essais de production sur les elements constitutifs. L'analyseur presente aussi des avantages lorsqu'il faut analyser les donnees aussitot apres que le signal s'est manifeste; il

Methods for continuous or semi-continuous analysis of gases dissolved in pressurized water; Methodes d'analyses continue et semi-continue de gaz dissous dans l'eau surpressee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vignet, P; Gabilly, R; Lutz, J; Zermizogilou, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

}/kg of water. (authors) [French] Trois appareils ont ete mis au point pour permettre la mesure de gaz en solution dans l'eau sous une pression pouvant atteindre 200 kg/cm{sup 2}. 1 - Analyseur d'hydrogene: On mesure la variation relative de resistance d'un filament immerge dans l'eau, constitue par du palladium pur ou par un alliage palladium-platine 75.25, lors de l'absorption de l'hydrogene. On a trace les courbes d'etalonnage pour un fil de palladium pour des temperatures allant de 180 a 280 deg. C. A temperature ambiante, on a utilise un ruban en alliage palladium-platine. L'etude theorique et experimentale de la cinetique d'absorption de l'hydrogene dissous dans l'eau par un metal a permis de definir les meilleures conditions de fonctionnement de l'analyseur pour obtenir une reponse rapide, de l'ordre de quelques minutes. On utilise actuellement pour la mesure un pont alimente en courant alternatif (pont de Kohlrausch) avec compensation de temperature et systeme de regeneration periodique du filament. 2 - Analyseur d'oxygene: On sait que l'oxygene dissous dans l'eau reagit sur le thallium pour former l'hydroxyde de thallium, compose soluble dont la presence augmente la conductibilite electrique de l'eau. Pour realiser une methode de dosage basee sur ce principe, on a mis au point un conductimetre differentiel dont les caracteristiques permettent d'atteindre une excellente precision dans une gamme de 0,001 ppm a quelques dizaines de ppm d'oxygene. On examine dans quelles conditions le bruit de fond de l'appareil, du a des reactions parasites, peut etre rendu negligeable; puis on etudie la cinetique de la reaction d'oxydation du thallium par l'oxygene dissous, qui est de type diffusionnel. On a ainsi pu relier quantitativement le taux de transformation aux parametres physiques et hydrodynamiques. 3 - Analyse globale des gaz en solution: On isole, dans une bombe placee en derivation sur un circuit surpresse un volume d'eau a pression et temperature elevees. Apres

Description of a Reactivity Measuring Apparatus; Description d'un Type d'Appareil de Mesure de la Reactivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deiss, M.; Uberschlag, J. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1966-06-15

derniere structure realise l'inversion de l'operateur mathematique definissant la fonction du reacteur. Celle-ci a ete retenue pour la realisation des deux appareils decrits. Elle permet d'adapter a ceux-ci les qualites propres aux systemes asservis et notamment l'action de filtrage des bruits de haute frequence, L'organe de sortie de ces divers types d'appareils est constitue par un diviseur extrayant le terme Greek-Small-Letter-Delta K du produit N Greek-Small-Letter-Delta K fourni par le premier etage de l'appareil. Les deux appareils different entre eux par la nature de l'organe de sortie constitue par un diviseur, soit potentiometrique, soit electronique. Le premier de ces appareils convient en principe dans la plupart des cas habituels de mesure. Le second en raison de son temps de reponse plus reduit est adapte i la mesure en divergence de reactivites de valeurs plus elevees, ainsi qu'a des mesures en convergence, meme sur des plages de puissance limitees. (author)

Encuesta a neumonólogos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de EPOC Survey of chest physicians regarding copd diagnosis and treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín L. Sívori

2004-04-01

antibiotic formulation was beta-lactamics + beta-lactamase inhibitors in 39% of the responders followed by fluorquinolones in 23.7%, macrolides in 17.5 % and beta-lactamics in 12.5%. Lastly, 12.7% of COPD patients received long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy. 59.3% of them were prescribed pulmonary rehabilitation, 94.1% vaccination against influenza and 91.4% pneumococcal vaccination. Thirty seven percent of the patients continued to smoke. Most of reponses regarding diagnosis and exacerbation treatment were in agreement with recommendations of international guidelines. For maintenance treatment the association of AC + SABA was commonly recommended as first option, whereas IC and LABA were rarely prescribed.

Operating Experience with the VERA Zero-Energy Fast Reactor; Fonctionnement du Reacteur VERA a Neutrons Rapides, de Puissance Zero; Opyt ehkspluatatsii reaktora VERA na bystrykh nejtronakh nulevoj moshchnosti; Experiencia Adquirida con el Reactor Rapido VERA de Potencia Nula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weale, J. W.; McTaggart, M. H.; Goodfellow, H.; Paterson, W. J. [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1964-02-15

elements combustibles; incidences des irregularites des faces et de l'heterogeneite de la structure sur l'exactitude avec laquelle on determine la masse critique d'un assemblage equivalent 'ideal'; possibilite de reproduire l'etat critique apres avoir demonte l'assemblage ou separe les deux moities; variation de la reactivite lors de la separation des deux moities, et effets d'un chargement asymetrique; sensibilite de divers compteurs, intensite de la source de neutrons, utilisation d'un accelerateur comme source de neutrons; vitesse de reponse des circuits de securite et restrictions qu'elle peut entrainer pour la vitesse d'assemblage des deux moities; precautions supplementaires qu'il faut prendre pour utiliser le plutonium comme combustible; notes sur l'exactitude des mesures de la reactivite et sur les limitations d'ordre pratique imposees a diverses autres mesures en physique des reacteurs. (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen brevemente las caracteristicas de un reactor rapido de potencia nula de dos mitades, en especial las que determinan la posibilidad de efectuar mediciones de precisidn en la esfera de la fisica de los reactores. Examinan las ventajas e inconvenientes de este tipo de reactor, basandose en la experiencia adquirida durante dos anos de funcionamiento. Exam in an los siguientes temas: ventajas, desde el punto de vista experimental, de la disposicion y de la construccidn en dos mitades; dimensiones y tolerancias de los elementos combustibles, y precisian con la que se puede determinar la posicion de dichos elementos; influencia de las irregularidades marginales y de heterogeneidad estructural sobre la exactitud con la que se determine la masa critica de un conjunto 'ideal' equivalente; posibilidad de reproducir las condiciones criticas despues de desmontar el conjunto o de separar las dos mitades; variaciones de la reactividad cuando se separan las dos mitades, en especial los efectos de una carga asimetrica; sensibilidad de varios contadores

Développement d'un moteur 4-soupapes fonctionnant en mélange dilué. Une nouvelle approche basée sur l'optimisation de l'aérodynamique interne Application of Flow Field Optimization to Lean Burn Engine Development. A New Approach Based on Internal Flow Field Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henriot S.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available L'objectif du projet GSM Moteur de Synthèse à Allumage Commandéest de concevoir un moteur fonctionnant en mélange pauvre à la fois dépollué et économe. La première phase analyse finement sur moteur monocylindre les interactions entre l'aérodynamique et la combustion qui déterminent l'aptitude au fonctionnement en mélange pauvre ou dilué. La procédure employée présente la particularité d'associer des outils complémentaires tels que code de calcul tridimensionnel, diagnostics optiques (anémométrie laser et ombroscopie et mesures classiques sur banc monocylindre. La modélisation tridimensionnelle est utilisée comme moyen efficace de sélection et de prédiction de l'aérodynamique interne. Les paramètres les plus influents sur la stabilité de l'initiation de la combustion sont la direction et l'intensité de la vitesse au point d'allumage et le niveau de turbulence. Le meilleur compromis favorable au fonctionnement en mélange pauvre est constitué par une culasse possédant une chambre de combustion en toit avec une seule soupape d'admission. Son aérodynamique interne est caractérisée par la combinaison d'un mouvement de rotation d'axe vertical (swirl avec un tourbillon d'axe horizontal balayant l'arête du toit (tumble. Son niveau de turbulence est ajusté de manière à accroître la vitesse de combustion en limitant les instabilités cycle-à-cycle. La deuxième phase est consacrée à la transposition de cette solution sur un moteur multicylindre. Les principales difficultés rencontrées sont liées aux disparités de comportement entre cylindres accentuées par le fonctionnement en mélange pauvre. Seul un contrôle individuel des paramètres de combustion de chaque cylindre (avance, injection, richesse associé à un écartement d'électrodes de bougie accru permet de re-trouver des résultats proches de ceux acquis sur monocylindre. Dans ces conditions, les limites pauvres se situent à des richesses comprises

Principle and Potential of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applied to the Study of Fluids in Porous Media Principe et potentialité de la résonance magnétique nucléaire appliquée à l'étude des fluides en milieux poreux

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Chardaire-Riviere C.

2006-11-01

d'améliorer la reconstruction des images et la résolution spatiale. Différentes techniques sont utilisées pour différencier dans les images les protons de l'eau des protons de l'huile. A I'IFP, nous utilisons un champ magnétique élevé de 9,4 T qui permet de différencier les protons de l'huile (fig. 7 de ceux de l'eau (fig. 8 et d'obtenir des coupes d'épaisseur 50 µm. L'obtention de profils de saturation (fig. 10 a permis de comparer les profils obtenus par IRM à ceux obtenus par simulation numérique de l'expérience de déplacement étudiée (fig. 11. Cette comparaison valide les profils de saturation expérimentaux et définit une possible utilisation de l'IRM comme méthode de détermination des courbes de perméabilités relatives et de pression capillaire représentatives d'une expérience de déplacement. Cependant un intérêt majeur de l'IRM par rapport à d'autres techniques tomographiques est d'apporter une meilleure résolution, une possibilité d'obtenir une information tridimensionnelle ainsi que des paramètres non accessibles jusqu'à présent (images de vitesse. De plus, l'extrapolation des résultats obtenus en spectroscopie à l'imagerie ou aux diagraphies constitue une potentialité importante de la RMN pour l'avenir et est l'enjeu de recherches actives dans de nombreux laboratoires ou compagnies pétrolières dans le monde.

Detailed design of a fixed filter-paper alpha-air-monitor with less than 15-min response time; Detecteur d'aerosols contenant des emetteurs alpha, muni d'un papier filtre fixe, a temps de reponse inferieur a quinze minutes; Podrobnaya konstruktsiya vozdushnogo registratora al'fa-chastits s fiksirovannym bumazhnym fil'trom so vremenem srabatyvaniya menee pyatnadtsati minut; Monitor de hoja de papel filtro fija para emisores alfa suspendidos en el aire, cuyo tiempo de reaccion es inferior a 15 minutos

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Gentry, W O; Seaborn, G B [Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-04-15

The primary health physics problem at the gaseous diffusion plants, where uranium isotopes are separated, is that of airborne alpha-emitting uranium dust. A programme to provide better instrumentation for detecting this dust has been underway at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant for several years. This paper discusses a recently developed instrument that provides a rapid alarm if the airborne uranium dust from a release reaches hazardous levels. Before its development a delay of approximately 5 h was required to allow natural atmospheric radioactivity to decay before long-lived alpha emitters from uranium dust could be detected. This recently developed instrument functions on the principle that when airborne dust containing natural atmospheric radon daughters is collected, the activity will increase to a quasi-equilibrium value at which time the rate of deposition will be equal to the rate of decay. The uranium dust is then observed as a rapid change from equilibrium conditions. A unique feature of the instrument is the use of a special differentiating circuit to actuate an alarm when the rate of increase of radioactivity exceeds that which can be expected from the diurnal variations in atmospheric radioactivity levels. The development model of this instrument uses a vacuum pump to draw air through a filter-paper disc which collects the entrained dust particles. The alpha radiation from the dust is detected with a scintillation detector. The electronic circuitry consists of amplifiers and rate circuits which provide monitored outputs proportional to both the level of radioactivity and the rate of change in this level. One circuit utilizes a special very high capacity electrolytic capacitor which has been subjected to extensive testing to determine that certain leakage requirements can be met. In addition, special attention has been paid to the problem of not actuating the alarm on statistical fluctuations. Twelve transistors are used in the circuit. This monitor features small size and simplicity, with an economy in fabrication, operation, and maintenance not available in other known monitor designs. It provides an alarm within 15 min when uranium dust concentrations exceed 2.1 x 10{sup -10} {mu}c/cm{sup 3} (three and one-half times the maximum permissible concentration for a 40-h week exposure). Additionally, it can be used to measure the average weekly uranium dust concentration by the removal of the filter disc and the measurement of its radiation level after an appropriate decay period. (author) [French] Dans une usine de separation des isotopes de l'uranium par diffusion gazeuse, les particules alpha emises par les aerosols d'uranium posent un grave probleme de radioprotection. A l'usine de separation par diffusion gazeuse d'Oak Ridge on a entrepris, il y a quelques annees, l'execution d'un programme qui a pour objet de perfectionner les appareils de detection des aerosols. Le memoire decrit un appareil recemment mis au point qui declenche rapidement un avertisseur si le degagement d'aerosols d'uranium atteint le seuil de danger. Avant la mise au point de cet appareil, il fallait attendre cinq heures environ pour permettre la decroissance de la radioactivite naturelle de l'atmosphere avant que les emetteurs alpha a longue periode contenus dans les aerosols d'uranium ne puissent etre deceles. Le fonctionnement de l'appareil considere est fonde sur le principe suivant: lorsque l'on recueille des aerosols contenant des produits de filiation du radon a l'etat naturel dans l'atmosphere, l'activite augmente jusqu'a ce qu'elle atteigne une valeur de quasi-equilibre. A ce moment, la vitesse de depot sera egale a celle de la decroissance. La presence d'aerosols d'uranium entraine une modification rapide des conditions d'equilibre, que l'on peut observer. L'appareil a ceci de particulier qu'un circuit special de differentiation actionne un avertisseur des que le taux d'accroissement de la radioactivite depasse celui auquel on peut s'attendre du fait des variations diurnes de la radioactivite atmospherique. Le prototype de l'appareil comprend une pompe a vide qui aspire l'air pour le faire passer a travers un disque de papier filtre sur lequel se deposent les aerosols. Le rayonnement alpha emis par les aerosols est decele au moyen d'un scintillateur. Le montage electronique comprend des amplificateurs et des circuits de debitmetres et fournit des donnees proportionnelles au niveau de la radioactivite et a la vitesse des variations de ce niveau. L'un des circuits comprend un condensateur electrolytique a tres haute capacite qui a ete soumis a des essais prolonges pour s'assurer que certaines conditions de fuite peuvent etre remplies. En outre, il a fallu veiller tout particulierement a ce que des fluctuations statistiques ne suffisent pas pour declencher l'avertisseur. Douze transistors ont ete utilises dans le circuit. Ce detecteur est moins encombrant et plus simple que le paragraph autres types connus. Il peut etre fabrique a meilleur compte et son fonctionnement et son entretien sont plus economiques. Il declenche l'avertisseur quinze minutes apres que les concentrations d'aerosols d'uranium ont depasse 2,1 {center_dot} 10{sup -10} {mu}c/cm{sup 3} (soit trois fois et demie la concentration maximum admissible pour une exposition de 40 heures par semaine). Il peut aussi servir a mesurer la concentration hebdomadaire moyenne d'aerosols d'uranium. A cet effet, on enleve le disque en papier filtre dont on mesure la radioactivite apres une certaine periode de decroissance. (author) [Spanish] El polvo de uranio, emisor alfa, que se halla en suspension en el aire plantea el principal problema de higiene radiofisica en las instalaciones de difusion gaseosa destinadas a la separacion isotopica del uranio. Desde hace varios anos se esta ejectuando en la instalacion de difusion gaseosa de Oak Ridge un programa de perfeccionamiento de los instrumentos para la deteccion de este polvo. La presente memoria discute un nuevo instrumento que emite rapidamente una senal de alarma cuando la concentracion del polvo de uranio suspendido en el aire alcanza un valor peligroso. Antes de que existiera este aparato, eran precisas aproximadamente 5 horas para dar tiempo a que disminuyese la radiactividad atmosferica natural y que se pudieran detectar los emisores alfa de largo periodo de desintegracion presentes en el polvo de uranio. El instrumento funciona con arreglo al siguiente principio: cuando se recoge el polvo que contiene los productos de filiacion del radon atmosferico natural, la actividad aumenta hasta alcanzar un valor de cuasiequilibrio, en que la velocidad de deposicion sera igual a la de desintegracion. La presencia del polvo de uranio se manifestara entonces por una rapida alteracion de las condiciones de equilibrio. El instrumento se caracteriza por el hecho de emplear un circuito diferenciador especial que dispara una alarma cuando la velocidad con que aumenta la radiactividad supera a la que cabe esperar por las variaciones diurnas de los niveles de radiactividad atmosferica. El modelo experimental de este instrumento emplea una bomba de vacio que aspira el aire a traves de un disco de papel de filtro que detiene las particulas de polvo. La radiacion alfa que emite el polvo se detecta con un centelleador. La parte electronica del dispositivo consiste en circuitos amplificadores e integradores que dan impulsos de salida proporcionales a la cantidad de radiactividad y a la velocidad con que esta cantidad varia. Uno de los circuitos comprende un condensador electrolitico especial de capacidad sumamente elevada que se sometio a numerosos ensayos para cerciorarse de que satisface ciertas exigencias en lo referentea las perdidas. Ademas, se ha prestado especial atencion al problema de evitar que el dispositivo de alarma entre en accion cuando las fluctuaciones son de caracter estadistico. En el circuito se utilizan 12 transistores. El aparato se caracteriza por su pequeno tamano y su sencillez, asi como por el hecho de que su construccion, empleo y conservacion resultan mucho mas economicas que las de cualquiera de los monitores conocidos hasta el presente. Da una senal de alarma en menos de 15 min cuando la concentracion del polvo de uranio supera los 2,1 {center_dot} 10-10 {mu}c/cm{sup 3} (tres veces y media la concentracion maxima admisible para una exposicion de 40 h por semana). Ademas de emitir esa senal de alarma, el monitor permite medir la concentracion semanal media del polvo de uranio, quitando el papel de filtro y midiendo la intensidad ''de la radiacion despues de un periodo conveniente de desintegracion de la actividad natural. (author) [Russian] Osnovnoj dozimetricheskoj problemoj na gazovykh diffuzionnykh zavodakh, gde proiskhodit razdelenie izotopov urana, yavlyaetsya registratsiya uranovoj pyli v vozdukhe, izluchayushchej al'fa-chastitsy. V techenie neskol'kikh let na Okridzhskom gazovom diffuzionnom zavode osushchestvlyaetsya programma razrabotki bolee sovershennykh kontrol'no-izmeritel'nykh priborov dlya obnaruzheniya ehtoj pyli. V dannom doklade obsuzhdaetsya razrabotannyj nedavno pribor, kotoryj obespechivaet podachu bystrogo trevozhnogo signala, esli kontsentratsiya osvobozhdayushchejsya uranovoj pyli v vozdukhe dostigaet opasnykh urovnej. Do razrabotki ehtogo pribora neobkhodima byla primerno pyatichasovaya zaderzhka, kotoraya davala vremya dlya raspada estestvennoj atmosfernoj radioaktivnosti, prezhde chem mozhno bylo obnaruzhit' dolgozhivushchie al'fa-izluchateli uranovoj pyli. Razrabotannyj nedavno pribor rabotaet na sleduyushchem printsipe: kogda sobrana pyl' v vozdukhe, soderzhashchaya dochernie produkty estestvennogo atmosfernogo radona, aktivnost' vozrastet do kvazi-ravnovesnogo znacheniya, pri kotorom skorost' osazhdeniya budet ravna skorosti raspada. V takom sluchae uranovaya pyl' nablyudaetsya po mere bystrogo izmeneniya uslovij ravnovesiya. Unikal'noj kharakteristikoj pribora yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie spetsial'noj differentsiruyushchej skhemy dlya podachi trevozhnogo signala, kogda skorost' uvelicheniya radioaktivnosti prevyshaet skorost', kotoruyu mozhno ozhidat' ot sutochnykh kolebanij v urovnyakh radioaktivnosti atmosfery. V modeli ehtogo pribora ispol'zuetsya vakuumnyj nasos dlya otkachivaniya vozdukha cherez bumazhnyj fil'truyushchij disk, kotoryj sobiraet vkhodyashchie v nego chastitsy pyli. Al'fa-radiatsiya pyli obnaruzhivaetsya s pomoshch'yu stsintillyatsionnogo detektora. Ehlektronnaya skhema sostoit iz usilitelej i skorostnykh skhem, kotorye obespechivayut pokazaniya obnaruzhennoj radioaktivnosti, proportsional'noj ee urovnyu i skorosti izmeneniya takogo urovnya. Odna skhema ispol'zuet spetsial'nyj ochen' moshchnyj ehlektrolitnyj kondensator, kotoryj proshel tshchatel'nye ispytaniya, dlya opredeleniya otsutstviya kakoj-libo utechki. Krome togo, osoboe vnimanie udelyalos' probleme predotvrashcheniya vozdejstviya na signal statisticheskikh fluktuatsij. V tsepi ispol'zuetsya dvenadtsat' tranzistorov. Ehtot pribor otlichaetsya malym razmerom, prostotoj i ehkonomichnost'yu pri proizvodstve i ehkspluatatsii, kotorykh nedostaet drugim priboram izvestnoj konstruktsii. Kontsentratsiya uranovoj pyli svyshe 2,1 x 10{sup -10} mikrokyuri/cm{sup 3} (v tri s polovinoj raza bol'she maksimal'no dopustimoj kontsentratsii dlya 40-chasovogo oblucheniya v nedelyu) mozhet byt' obnaruzhena priblizitel'no cherez 15 minut. Krome togo, on mozhet byt' ispol'zovan dlya izmereniya srednej ezhenedel'noj kontsentratsii uranovoj pyli putem udaleniya bumazhnogo fil'tra i izmereniya ego radiatsionnogo urovnya posle sootvetstvuyushchego perioda raspada. (author)

Non-Destructive Examination of the Heat-Affected Zone of Welded Zr-Nb Alloy; Controle Non Destructif de la Zone d'Un Alliage Zr-Nb Affectee par la Chaleur Lors du Soudage; Nedestruktivnoe ispytanie zony svarnogo shva iz tsirkonij-niobij splava, kotoryj podverzhen teplovomu vliyaniyu; Examen No Destructivo de la Zona de Soldadura Afectada por el Calor en las Aleaciones de Circonio y Niobio

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Hanstock, R. F.; Walker, D. C.B. [U.K.A.E.A. Reactor Materials Laboratory, Culcheth (United Kingdom)

1965-10-15

chaleur qui sont susceptibles de corrosion pouvaient etre decelees par controle non destructif, en mesurant le potentiel thermoelectrique aux bornes d'une sonde metallique chauffee, en contact avec des parties determinees de la soudure et le metal adjacent. La sonde thermoelectrique est similaire a celle mise au point par l'Association britannique de recherches sur les metaux non ferreux en vue de mesurer l'epaisseur des revetements de plaques de metal; un instrument en vente sur le marche et muni de ce type de sonde peut etre utilise, apres une legere modification, pour le controle des soudures dans les alliages Zr-Nb. Le memoire donne un exemple de la variation de la reponse de la sonde dans des zones affectees par la chaleur lors du sondage; les resultats sont compares a ceux d'un examen en autoclave. (author) [Spanish] Las aleaciones de circonio con 2 Vulgar-Fraction-One-Half % de niobio ofrecen, gracias al tratamiento termico, la ventaja de resistir la presion en los reactores moderados por agua. Por otra parte, ese tratamiento afecta considerablemente a la resistencia a la corrosion en las condiciones de funcionamiento del reactor, siendo de seuealar que pueden surgir puntos especialmente vulnerables en las zonas de las soldaduras sometidas al calor. Las zonas susceptibles de corrosion pueden localizarse mediante tratamiento en autoclase, pero no es conveniente aplicarlo cuando extensos circuitos de presion se arman mediante soldadura. Se ha comprobado que las zonas afectadas por el calor que son vulnerables a la corrosion pueden localizarse por metodos no destructivos consistentes en medir el potencial termoelectrico entre la punta de una sonda metalica caliente en contacto con determinadas partes de la soldadura y el del metal adyacente. La sonda es analoga a la que ha diseueado la British-ferrous Metals Research Association para medir el espesor del chapado de sustratos metalicos. Los instrumentos comerciales equipados con ese tipo de sonda sirven con una

Preliminary Studies on Irradiation of Some Common Stored-Grain Insects in Pakistan; Etudes preliminaires sur l'irradiation de certaines especes communes d'insectes nuisibles aux cereales engrangees au Pakistan; Predvaritel'noe izuchenie rezul'tatov oblucheniya nekotorykh obychnykh ambarnykh nasekomykh v Pakistane; Estudios preliminares sobre los efectos de la irradiacion en algunas de las plagas insectiles de los silos mas comunes en el Pakistan

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Huque, Heshamul [Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Karachi (Pakistan)

1963-09-15

The response of some major insect pests of stored grains to various radiation dosages from a Co{sup 60} source made available through the courtesy of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has been studied. A dosage of 20 000 r produced 100% mortality of the adults of Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum within a period of 11 d. A lower dose (10 000 r) was, however, effective in 23 d. The adults of Sitophilus granarius evinced comparatively high susceptibility and when they were exposed to 10 000 r, total mortality was attained in 7d. The larvae of Trogoderma granarium, however, proved to be the most resistant; they were not responsive to the lower dosages, and 100% control was attained only with 25 000 r in 26 d. The maximum dosage of 250 000 r gave an instant kill in all these cases, but apart from being too high it also adversely affected the viability of the grains. Since, however, their nutritive value remained unaffected, this treatment might be of use where immediate disinfestation of non-seeding edible grains was desired. Eggs of Bruchus quadmmaculatus failed to hatch when exposed to 2500 r. Studies on other stages and dosages are in progress. (author) [French] On a etudie la reponse a differentes doses de rayonnements de quelques especes d'insectes particulierement nuisibles aux cereales engrangees; on a utilise a cet effet une source au {sup 60}Co fournie par la Commission pakistanaise de l'energie atomique. Une dose de 20 000 r a provoque en l'espace de 11 j une mortalite de 100% chez les adultes de la Rhizopertha dominica et du Tribolium castaneum. Une dose de 10 000 r a donne le meme resultat en 23 j. Les adultes du Sitophilus granarius ont montre une sensibilite beaucoup plus elevee: une dose de 10 000 r a entraine une mortalite de 100% en 7 j. Ce sont les larves de la Trogoderma granarium qui se sont revelees les plus resistantes; elles ont ete insensibles aux doses de faible intensite et la mortalite de 100% n'a ete obtenue qu'avec 25 000 r

Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Chemical Reaction Engineering La mécanique des fluides numérique appliquée au génie des réactions chimiques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trambouze P.

2006-11-01

ème. Sous l'angle expérimental, nombre de méthodes de mesure permettent d'obtenir des valeurs locales de température, pression, vitesse, concentration de substances chimiques, rapport de phases, dimension des bulles, gouttes ou particules, ou de produire une visualisation générale des flux. Nous avons mentionné les difficultés liées au traitement mathématique des équations écrites pour la simulation des flux réactifs. Comme on le fait habituellement en CFD, pour la majorité des problèmes à résoudre, on peut obtenir une première solution utilisable en se limitant à un modèle uni ou bi-dimensionnel (1D ou 2D. Mais bien souvent, il faut non seulement résoudre la série des équations pour une simulation tri-dimensionnelle, mais aussi trouver la solution non stationnaire des mêmes équations pour représenter véritablement le comportement du système physique. Ce dernier objectif implique une recherche beaucoup plus compliquée, surtout du point de vue mathématique.

Theory of Pulsed Neutron Experiments in Highly Heterogeneous Multiplying Media; Theorie des Experiences au Moyen des Neutrons Pulses, dans les Milieux Multiplicateurs Tres Heterogenes; O teorii ehksperimentov s impul'snymi neitronami v geterogennykh razmnozhayushchikh sredakh; Aspectos Teoricos de los Experimentos con Neutrones Pulsados en Medios Multiplicadores Muy Heterogeneos

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Corno, S. E. [Instituto di Fisica ' ' A. Volta' ' (Italy); Unversity of Pavia, Pavia (Italy); SNAM, Milan [Italy

1965-10-15

de matiere fissile ayant une forme lineaire. La source de neutrons puises est supposee etre placee sur l'unfe des bases du cylindre. L'etendue de la zone de matiere fissile permet a l'auteur de la traiter comme s'il s'agissait d'une zone singuliere d'absorption et de multiplication dans le champ de neutrons. Comme il concentre son attention principalement sur les variations du flux de neutrons en fonction du lieu et du temps, il adopte des approximations assez grossieres pour ce qui est des variations de la population de neutrons en fonction de l'energie. Dans les limites de la theorie diffusion-age, il se peut que la reponse du dispositif a une excitation neutronique quelconque soit obtenue sous forme fermee. Avec une source modulee sinusoidalement de frequence donnee, on peut aisement montrer que, si la zone axiale singuliere est purement absorbante, le dephasage, la longueur d'onde et la constante d'attenuation des ondes neutroniques propagees le long du cylindre dependent des proprietes absoibantes de cette zone. Cet etat de choses se complique de plus en plus lorsqu'une multiplication des neutrons se produit. Dans ce cas general, la solution a laquelle l'auteur aboutit se revele evidemment etre dependante des proprietes d'absorption et de multiplication de la zone singuliere, ce qui peut donner, entre autres, l'idee d'utiliser un dispositif du modele decrit ci-dessus pour soumettre a des essais les elements de combustible des reacteurs heterogenes. (author) [Spanish] El autor ha investigado la variacion del flujo neutronico en funcion del tiempo y del espacio en un conjunto muy heterogeneo en el que se inyectan neutrones pulsados o de modulacion sinusoidal. Para mayor sencillez se opera con una instalacion formada por un bloque cilindrico de moderador pesado, en cuyo eje se encuentra una region lineal de material fisionable. La fuente neutronica se supone situada en una de las caras del cilindro. Gracias a sus dimensiones, la region fisionable puede considerarse

A novel time-to-pulse height converter for fast-neutron time-of-flight techniques; Nouveau convertisseur temps-amplitude d'impulsions pour les mesures du temps de vol des neutrons rapides; Novyj vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov dlya izmereniya vremeni proleta bystrykh nejtronov; Nuevo convertidor tiempo-altura de impulsos para tecnicas de tiempo de vuelo de neutrones rapidos

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Christiansen, J [Physikalisches Staatsinstitut, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-04-15

temps entre le demarrage de chacune des deux impulsions. L'impulsion de la plaque est etalee et amplifiee; son amplitude represente la mesure de la difference de temps. Avec cette methode l'auteur a obtenu un temps de resolution de 2{tau} = 7 {center_dot} 10{sup -12} s avec des impulsions artificielles de 2{tau} = 3 {center_dot} 10{sup -10} s, avec des coincidences gamma du {sup 60}Co, en utilisant des cristaux en plastique NE 102, et de 2{tau} = 1,4 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s avec des coincidences gamma de 511 keV, en utilisant des cristaux de Nal (Te). Cette methode a ete egalement utilisee avec des faisceaux puises. Dans ce cas l'auteur a obtenu, a partir de la radiofrequence de pulsation, une suite d'impulsions de 8 Mc en pointes aigues, qui ont ete envoyees sur les plaques E80T. Le temps de resolution a ete de 2{tau} = 1,1 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s avec des neutrons de 4 MeV, en utilisant des cristaux de plastique de 36 mm de long. Normalement la reponse lineaire se situe dans une region de 30 ns mais il est possible qu'elle atteigne 120 ns. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describe un convertidor electronico tiempo-altura de impulsos, en el que se aplica un metodo de multiplicacion, en vez del metodo habitual de suma de impulsos que se superponen. Esto se logra haciendo coincidir dos impulsos, uno lineal en diente de sierra y uno muy aguzado. El impulso en diente de sierra se transmite a la rejilla de una valvula de haz dirigido (E80T) y el impulso aguzado se aplica a las placas deflectoras, abriendo la valvula solo durante un intervalo de unos 5 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s. La placa recibe una carga proporcional al periodo entre el comienzo del impulso en diente de sierra y el impulso aguzado. El impulso de la placa es alargado y amplificado y su altura representa una medicion de la diferencia de tiempos. Con este metodo se han obtenido tiempos de resolucion de 2{tau} = 7 {center_dot} 10{sup -12} s con impulsos artificiales, de 2{tau} = 3 {center_dot} 10{sup -10

Dosimetry of High-Energy Protons by Measurement of Beryllium-7 Formed in the Tissues; Dosimetrie des Protons de Haute Energie par Mesure de Beryllium-7 Forme dans les Tissus; 041e 0422 041d 041e 0421 0414 ; Dosimetria Relativa Mediante Berillo-7 Despues de Irradiar con Protones de Altas Energias (600 Mev Y 3 Gev)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Legeay, G. [Service Biologique et Veterinaire des Armees, Detache au D.P.S. (France); Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (France); Court, L.; Prat, L [Service de Sante des Armees, Detaches au D.P.S. (France); Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (France); Jeanmaire, L.; Daburon, M. L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique (France); Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, Centre d' Etudes [France; De Kerviler, H.; Tardy-Joubert, P. [Service de Protection Contre les Radiations, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1965-06-15

detache rapidement de l'ensemble du spectre au niveau des energies de 479 keV. Sa periode de 54, 5 j permet de l'enregistrer pendant un temps suffisamment long. L'etude, menee sur des rats Whitsar irradies in toto entre 400 et 800 rad avec des protons de 600 MeV et de 200 a 1000 rad avec des protons de 3 GeV, montre une reponse lineaire de l'activite du beryllium-7 en fonction de la dose absorbee par gramme de tissu. Une comparaison des resultats experimentaux est faite avec l'activite calculee en fonction de l'energie a partir des sections efficaces publiees a ce jour. L'irradiation humaine accidentelle dans des faisceaux de protons ne peut etre que localisee. L'irradiation de la tete de lapin fauve de Bourgogne d'un poids d'environ 2 kg montre que l'activite decelee sur la tete par rapport au reste du corps est de l'ordre de 1,8 {+-} 5. Une detection du beryllium-7 dans les premiers jours est possible en depit de l'existence d'une certaine diffusion. Une dosimetrie relative, indicatrice de la grandeur de l'irradiation accidentelle recue, est donc possible. (author) [Spanish] En el marco de los experimentos biologicos que se han realizado con el sincrociclotron de 600 MeV del CERN, en Ginebra, y con el sincroton Saturne de Saclay, se ha explorado por espectrografia gamma la radiactividad inducida en seres vivos. Si bien la mayoria de los radioelementos emisores gamma que se producen poseen un periodo muy corto, el berilio-7 formado principalmente por espalacion de atomos de oxigeno, de carbono y de nitrogeno, da un maximo de actividad que se destaca rapidamente del conjunto del espectro al nivel de las energias de 479 keV. Su periodo de 54,5 d permite registrarlo durante un tiempo suficientemente largo. El estudio efectuado con ratas Whitsar, que recibieron en todo el organismo de 400 a 800 rad con protones de 600 MeV y de 200 a 1000 rad con protones de 3 GeV, revela que la actividad de {sup 7}Be es funcion lineal de la dosis absorbida por gramo de tejido. La memoria

Techniques of Large Scale Processing of Counting Data; Les techniques d'exploitation a grande echelle des donnees de comptage; Tekhnika obrabotki dannykh izmerenij, provodyashchejsya v bol'shikh masshtabakh; Tecnicas de tratamiento en gran escala de los datos obtenidos en el recuento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manov, G G; Eads, D L [Reactor Monitoring Center, Tracerlab Inc., Richmond, CA (United States)

1960-06-15

problemes particuliers. On doit cour{alpha}amment proceder aux operations suivantes: mesures de melanges d'emetteurs a, analyses de hauteurs d'impulsions par multicanaux, comptage {beta} 2 {pi} et 4 {pi}, mesures par coincidences {beta}-{gamma}. On assure une utilisation efficace des instruments de mesure de faibles niveaux d'activite en recourant a la technique ''multiplex'' avec enregistrement sur bande magnetique et dispositif de lecture. Les erreurs de calcul, particulierement les fautes d'inattention difficiles a retrouver, comme la permutation de deux' chiffres, sont pratiquement eliminees par l'emploi de calculatrices electoniques. Dans une operation courante portant sur un melange de nuclides connus, les donnees brutes resultant du comptage sont communiquees a la calculatrice qui imprime la reponse finale au moyen d'une machine a ecrire electrique. Si les resultats proviennent d'un spectrometre, on peut egalement en obtenir automatiquement une representation graphique en coordonnees cartesiennes pour en faire l'analyse et en donner une interpretation plus poussee. Le memoire contient des schemas d'operations. Pour operer facilement les corrections de taux de desintegration, on remplace l'annee du calendrier gregorien par une annee dont les jours, sont numerotes consecutivement, et qui commence le 1er Janvier, a 0 heure de Greenwich. Par exemple, le 17 juillet 1959 a 15 h. 15 (heure d'ete de la cote du Pacifique) sera le jour 198, 920 et le 16 octobre 1959 a 14 h. 30 (heure de Vienne) sera le jour 289, 854. Les avantages qui decoulent de la possibilite d'ajouter, de retrancher, de multiplier et de diviser les temps exprimes de cette maniere sont evidents. Le circuit electronique d'une horloge fondee sur ce principe est decrit dans le memoire, qui contient en outre des photos. (author) [Spanish] En un laboratorio donde se tengan que efectuar anualmente mas de 10 000 analisis de radionuclidos con una precision elevada, pero no tanto como la necesaria en los trabajos de

Measurements with a Pulsed and Modulated Source in a Reactor; Mesures au Moyen d'une Source Pulsee et Modulee dans un Reacteur; Izmereniya v reaktore s pomoshch'yu impul'snogo i moduliruemogo is tochnika; Mediciones Efectuadas en Reactor con una Fuente Pulsada y Modulada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rotter, W. [Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire, Mol (Belgium)

1965-10-15

a digital computer [French] Un generateur dont le debit neutronique est variable selon une fonction du temps quelconque a ete mis au point par les Laboratoires de recherches Philips. Son utilite pratique dans le domaine de la physique des reacteurs a ete demontree par une serie de mesures effectuees dans le reacteur BRO2 a fotat sous-critique. Sa bonne stabilite, la possibilite de faire varier brusquement l'intensite neutronique, de puiser le debit ou de le moduler sinusoldalement, rend ce generateur tres souple. Il permet de determiner la reactivite ({rho} = {Delta}k/{beta}) et le temps de vie des neutrons ( Script-Small-L /{beta}) d'apres differentes methodes independantes. Une comparaison exacte de ces methodes est possible puisqu'elles peuvent etre employees sans modifier les conditions de mesure. On a determine: a) {rho} sur la base des neutrons retardes, par une reduction instantanee du debit de neutrons; b) {rho} sur la base des neutrons instantanes par des bouffees de neutrons; c) Script-Small-L /{beta} par combinaison de a) et b) pour 0,5 $ < {rho} <2 $; d) Script-Small-L /{beta} sur la base de la fonction de transfert du reacteur pour une source modulee. Les fonctions de transfert pour un oscillateur de reactivite et pour une source modulee sinusoldalement sont discutees. Il est montre que la mesure de Script-Small-L /{beta} est possible pour 0,1 $ < {rho} < 10 $ en utilisant une source modulee. La meme methode fournit aussi la reactivite a l'aide du rapport des neutrons instantanes aux neutrons retardes pour une frequence optimale, pratiquement independamment des donnees relatives aux neutrons retardes et de la valeur de f Script-Small-L /{beta}. Par accumulation d'un grand nombre de cycles dans l'analyseur multicanal, la statistique peut etre amelioree pour chaque methode. Le debit du generateur etant bien sinusoiedal, la reponse du reacteur peut etre integree sur chaque quart d'une periode, etant donne que la chafhe de mesure est pilotee par le

The Determination of Uranium in Urine by Delayed Neutron Counting; Dosage de l'Uranium dans l'Urine par Comptage des Neutrons Differes; Opredelenie soderzhaniya urana v moche putem scheta zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov; Determinacion del Uranio Contenido en la Orina por Recuento de Neutrones Retardados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brookes, I. R. [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1965-10-15

polyethylene d'une capacite de 2,85 cl, qui est scelle a chaud. Le flacon contenant l'echantillon est enferme dans un tube et envoye par un systeme pneumatique dans le coeur du reacteur HERALD ou il est irradie par un fieux de neutrons thermiques de 3,94 * 10{sup 12}n/cm{sup 2}s. Apres une irradiation de 1 min, l'echantillon retourne automatiquement au laboratoire ou le flacon contenant l'echantillon est place dans un compteur a neutrons. Ce compteur est mis en marche 25 s apres que l'echantillon a quitte le reacteur et compte l'echantillon pendant 1 min. Les echantillons temoins se composent d'urine provenant de personnes qui ne sont pas professionnellement exposees a l'uranium; l'etalon est une quantite connue de {sup 235}U (sous forme d'uranium naturel). La limite de detection est de 0,020 pCi d'uranium enrichi a 93% ou de 0,026 {mu}g d'uranium naturel (0,007 de la charge corporelle maximale admissible) et de 0,036 {mu}g d'uranium naturel pour 100 ml d'urine. Elle depend du nombre de coups correspondant aux temoins. La composante principale du temoin est la reponse du compteur aux rayons gamma emis par les produits d'activation que l'urine irradiee contient. Il faut 3,5 min environ pour irradier et compter un echantillon et l'on peut, au cours d'une journee de travail, faire evaporer et traiter 50 echantillons pour les mettre en flacons. Pour les analyses d'urine, l'influence de {sup 239}Pu peut etre consideree comme negligeable. (author) [Spanish] Con arreglo al metodo del autor, el uranio-235 se determina por recuento de los neutrones retardados emitidos a raiz de la fision por neutrones termicos del {sup 235}U contenido en la muestra. Los tres grupos de neutrones que se consideran tienen periodos de 55, 72, 22, 72 y 6, 22 s, respectivamente. En un bano Maria se evaporan a sequedad 100 mi de orina. El residuo se pasa con unos 4 a 5 mi de agua a un frasco de polietileno de 1 onza, que se cierra seguidamente por soldadura termica. El frasco con la muestra se coloca en un

A New Technique for Determining the Distribution of Radium and Thorium in Living Persons; Determination de la Repartition du Radium et du Thorium chez les Personnes Vivantes: Une Methode Nouvelle; Novyj metod opredeleniya raspredeleniya radiya i toriya u patsientov; Nueva Tecnica para Determinar la Distribucion del Radio y del Torio en Pacientes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, C. E. [Argonne National Laboratory, Health Division, Argonne, IL (United States)

1964-10-15

-uniformity of distribution of Tl{sup 208} (ThC''), of Ac{sup 228} (MsTh{sup 2}), and possibly of Pb{sup 212} along the axis of the body. (author) [French] En regle generale, on se sert d'anthropogammametres pour doser l'activite du corps humain, sans se preoccuper de sa repartition. Dans le cas des radioisotopes osteotropes comme le radium, il importe d'avoir une idee au moins approximative de leur repartition dans le squelette pour etudier la nature de la reponse a la dose. Les techniques decrites dans le memoire ont pour objet de deceler toute inhomogeneite importante dans la repartition du radium chez des malades qui ne peuvent pas ou ne veulent pas rester allonges et immobilises pendant plus d'une heure. Un cristal de conception nouvelle, en forme de cylindre droit, mesurant 15 cm de diametre sur 20 cm de long, est situe a 30 cm au-dessus de la surface d'un lit rigide, l'axe du cristal etant horizontal et orthogonal par rapport a la colonne vertebrale du malade en supination. Ce cristal horizontal allonge est utilise de preference au cylindre vertical court de type courant, de maniere que la surface et les sections du cristal aient la meme forme, quel que soit le point du corps d'oti on les observe. Le cristal etant place a un nombre x de positions regulierement espacees le long du lit,, on determine les spectres des rayons gamma emis par le malade en supination et par des sources radioactives ponctuelles placees au centre de fantomes en bois artificiel (Presdwood). Les taux de comptage obtenus pour des pics photoelectriques determines provenant des spectres du malade et du fantome sont transmis a une calculatrice electronique, laquelle est programmee de maniere a calculer une serie de sources ponctuelles qui fourniraient le meme profil de rayons gamma. Les resultats obtenus chez un-certain nombre de malades traites au radium montrent que, si la repartition du radioisotope est souvent essentiellement uniforme, chez certaines personnes sa concentration est deux ou trois fois

The Digital Autofluoroscope; L'Autofluoroscope Numerique; Tsifrovoj avtofluoroskop; Autofluoroscopio Numerico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bender, M. A. [Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY (United States)

1964-10-15

cinephotographic techniques are now used for the visualization and quantitation of the passage of I{sup 131}-labelled Hippuran through the kidneys and Ba{sup 137m} through the chambers of the heart. (author) [French] L' autofluoroscope est un appareil fixe destine a donner une representation graphique de la repartition des emetteurs gamma dans le corps humain. Cet instrument possede les caracteristiques principales des scintigraphes modernes: collimation donnant une bonne reponse en profondeur et une resolution suffisante, grande efficacite et fort contraste. Le detecteur se compose de 300 cristaux de Nal(Tl) de 5 cm d'epaisseur et de 1 cm de diametre, disposes en 15 rangees comportant chacune 20 cristaux; l'ensemble forme un rectangle de 24 cm de long sur 15 cm de large. Chacun des 300 cristaux est couple a deux conduits optiques en plexiglas; les 20 conduits correspondant aux cristaux d'une meme rangee conduisent a une cellule photoelectrique et les 15 conduits correspondant aux cristaux d'une meme colonne conduisent a une autre c ellule photoelectrique. Les impulsions produites simultanement dans deux quelconques des 35 cellules identifient le cristal qui a ete le siege d'une interaction. Le signal de position donne par la batterie de cellules photoelectriques est independant de l'amplitude d'impulsion. Des circuits a anticoincidence eliminent les impulsions simultanees dues a la diffusion Compton suivie de l'absorption du photon diffuse par le cristal voisin. Etant donne leur caractere numerique, les donnees fournies par l'ensemble des conduits optiques peuvent etre facilement stockees dans un tore magnetique et ensuite lues continuellement, sans etre detruites, sur un enregistrement echelle grandeur, TCR ou numerique, aux fins d'analyse quantitative. Le premier avantage de 1*autofluoroscope sur le scintigraphe reside dans la diminution considerable du temps necessaire pour proceder a une exploration. Avec la meme dose de radioisotopes, on localise des tumeurs du cerveau et du

The Measurement of Integrated Gamma-Ray Doses in the Range 50 Mrad to 5 Mrad Using Phosphate Glass and Lithium Fluoride; Mesure, au Moyen de Verre au Phosphate et de Fluorure de Lithium, de Doses Integrees de Rayons Gamma de 50 Mrad a 5 Mrad; 0418 0417 041c 0414 ; Medicion de Dosis Integradas de Rayos Gamma de 50 Mrad a 5 Mrad por Medio de Vidrio al Fosfato y de Fluoruro de Litio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Webb, G. A.M. [Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Berkeley, Glos. (United Kingdom)

1965-06-15

}-ray fluxes. A comparison is made of the two systems for general convenience and also for use in particular situations. (author) [French] L'auteur a compare la radiophotoluminescence et la coloration du verre au phosphate a la thermoluminescence du fluorure de lithium aux fins de dosimetrie pour des doses de rayons gamma de 50 mrad a 5 Mrad. Il a mesure la luminescence produite dans du verre au phosphate active a l'argent, de faible numero atomique, a l'aide d'un fluorimetre industriel (dosimetre Toshiba au verre au fluor) complete d'un spectrophotometre permettant de mesurer les variations de la densite optique pour les doses elevees. Les effets des differentes methodes de nettoyage du verre ont ete etudies. L'auteur a mesure la thermoluminescence du fluorure de lithium en utilisant un appareil de lecture de laboratoire afin d'obtenir des courbes de luminescence et en integrant ensuite la region situee sous le pic approprie. Il a mesure le spectre d'emission de la thermoluminescence au moyen de filtres optique qui ont egalement servi a reduire au minimum les effets des infrarouges emis par la plaque de chauffage. Il a etudie les effets des filtres optiques et de la mesure sous azote sur le pic de tribothermoluminescence. L'auteur a etudie et compare plusieurs parametres du rendement des deux systemes. Avec le verre, on peut mesurer une gamma d'intensites tres etendue, allant de 5 * 10{sup -2} a 5 * 10{sup 6} rad, soit une etendue de l'ordre de 10{sup 8} ; en revanche, LiF peut etre utilise pour des doses legerement plus faibles, mais il atteint le point de saturation pour les doses superieures a 10{sup 5} rad. Le LiF est presque dependant de l'energie, mais le verre presente un ecart maximum equivalent a sept fois la reponse au {sup 60}Co a 60 keV; cet ecart peut etre corrige a l 'aide d'ecrans qui ont l'inconvenient d'elever la limite inferieure d'energie. Le phenomene d'evanouissement du verre a ete etudie de maniere approfondie; celui du LiF, qui est moins prononce, n

Operating Experience in Nuclear Power Plants with Boiling-Water Reactors; Experience acquise dans l'exploitation des reacteurs a eau bouillante; Opyt ehkspluatatsii kipyashchago reaktora; Experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de reactores de agua hirviente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ascherl, R. J. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

1963-10-15

dans la centrale et aux alentours restent nettement au-dessous des limites fixees par les permis d'exploitation. La simplicite et la facilite d'exploitation des reacteurs a eau bouillante se sont confirmees. La rapidite de reponse du reacteur de Dresden aux variations de la demande est excellente. Aucun des travaux d'entretien et de reparation, quelle que soit leur importance, n'exige de qualification speciale ni ne comporte de risques de radioexposition excessifs. L'inspection generale et la revision de la turbine de la centrale de Dresden n'ont revele aucun probleme d'entretien apres 12 000 h de fonctionnement avec la vapeur en cycle direct. Or, on avait continue l'exploitation apres avoir constate que des cartouches de combustible etaient deteriorees. (author) [Spanish] El autor sefiala que la experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de centrales nucleoeleonicas que utilizan reactores de agua hirviente es ya bastante considerable. En efecto, al finalizar el aflo 1962 se habian generado mas de 2,2.10{sup 9} kWh en tres centrales nucleoelectricas integradas en redes de distribucion: la central nucleoelectrica de Dresden (Commonwealth Edison Company, Moriis, Illinois), la central nucleoelectrica de Vallecitos (Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Pleasanton, California) y la central nucleoelectrica de Kahl (Reinisch-Westfalisches Elektrizitatswerk y Bayernwerk A.G., Kahl-am-Main, Republica Federal de Alemania). El rendimiento de estas centrales explotadas en condiciones normales de produccion de electricidad es excelente. Los factores de disponibilidad y de capacidad de los reactores y de las plantas constituyen una base firme para prever que las centrales nucleoelectricas dotadas de reactores de agua hirviente funcionaran a regimen continuo en condiciones de seguridad. En 1963 entraran en servicio cuatro nuevas centrales equipadas con reactores de agua hirviente: la central nucleoelectrica de Big Rock Point (Consumere Power Company, Charlevoix, Michigan), la central

Shippingport Atomic Power Station Operating Experience, Developments and Future Plans; La centrale nucleaire de Shippingport, experience de son fonctionnement et plans pour l'avenir; Shippingportskaya atomnaya ehlektrostantsij, opyt ehkspluatatsii, usovershenstvovaniya i plany na budushchee; Central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport; experiencia adquirida con su explotacton y programa de desarrollo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feinroth, H. [Division of Reactor Development, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States); Oldham, G. M. [Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Stiefel, J. T. [Bettis Atomic Power.Labora Tory, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1963-10-15

Shippingport. Les resultats fournis par la serie complete des essais realises a Shippingport sont compares avec les calculs; la concordance est satisfaisante. Les auteurs examinent aussi les performances du cceur du reacteur, la stabilite de l'installation et sa reponse aux variations de charge, les performances des cartouches de combustible et des barres de controle, les effets a long terme tels que la corrosion et la radioexposition, le fonctionnement des divers elements constitutifs, etc. Les auteurs examinent le principal objectif des programmes actuel et futur de Shippingport pour le developpement de la technique fondamentale des reacteurs refroidis a l'eau. On prevoit notamment de continuer l'exploitation de la centrale et d'etudier, de fabriquer et d'essayer un deuxieme coeur de reacteur a longue duree de Vie et de grande puissance specifique. Avec une puissance nominale brute de 150 MWe et une duree de vie equivalant a 10 000 h de marche a pleine puissance pour la premiere charge de combustible enrichi, le coeur No. 2 aura cinq fois et demie la production d'energie prevue pour le cceur Ne 1 et deux fois sa puissance specifique. Les auteurs decrivent le coeur No. 2 et indiquent brievement les principaux progres qui ont ete realises a cet egard dans les domaines de la physique des reacteurs, de la metallurgie, du transfert de chaleur, de la circulation du fluide caloporteur et de la fabrication des cartouches de combustible. Ils exposent les plans de decontamination de la centrale nucleaire et les modifications qu'entrafnera l'installation du coeur No. 2 plus puissant. (author) [Spanish] Los autores exponen y analizan los resultados obtenidos en cinco aflos de ensayo y explotacion de la central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport y examinan el programa de actividades en curso y los planes para el futuro. Con ese programa se proyecta perfeccionar la tecnologia basica de los reactores de agua ligera, a fin de contribuir a la reduccion de los costos de la energia nuclear. La

Improved Techniques for Low-Flux Measurement of Prompt Neutron Lifetime, Conversion Ratio and Fast Spectra; Methodes Perfectionnees de Mesure de la Duree de Vie des Neutrons Instantanes, du Rapport de Conversion et des Spectres de Neutrons Rapides, dans un Reacteur a Bas Flux; Usovershenstvovannye metody izmereniya vremeni zhizni mgnovennykh nejtronov, koehffitsienta konversii i spektra bystrykh nejtronov pri slabykh potokakh nejtronov; Tecnicas Perfeccionadas para la Determinacion del Periodo de los Neutrones Inmediatos, la Razon de Conversion y los Espectros de Neutrones Rapidos, con Flujos Reducidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Armani, R. J.; Bennett, E. F.; Brenner, M. W.; Bretscher, M. M.; Cohn, C. E.; Huber, R. J.; Kaufmann, S. G.; Redman, W. C. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1964-02-15

feuilles d'enrichissements differents pour etablir la contribution des fissions dans la matiere fertile a l'activite des produits de fission et des feuilles exposees a differents'spectres pour distinguer les coups dus a des fissions dans la determination des captures; emploi du comptage par coiencidence pour la detection de la decroissance de {sup 239}Np. Pour obtenir une valeur exprimant le rapport de conversion, a partir des donnees relatives a l'activation, il faut connaitre le rapport entre les captures et les fissions dans le combustible. Il n'existe pas a l'heure actuelle de methodes experimentales precises pour mesurer ce rapport dans un reacteur a bas flux; plusieurs methodes qui pourraient etre utilisees a cette fin sont en cours d'etude. Les auteurs decrivent trois des methodes qui offrent les perspectives les plus favorables. Pour construire un petit spectrometre a neutrons rapides, ayant une bonne stabilite, un bon pouvoir de resolution et une bonne sensibilite en vue de la mesure en pile des spectres neutroniques compris dans la gamme d'energies des dizaines et des centaines de kV, les auteurs ont concentre leurs efforts sur l'utilisation de l'analyse de la forme des impulsions - afin d'eliminer les evenements produits par les rayons gamma dans les compteurs proportionnels fondes sur des protons de recul de l'hydrogene - et sur l'introduction de la collimation dans les 'sandwiches' {sup 6}LiF-semi-conducteurs - afin d'augmenter le pouvoir de resolution. Ils ont construit un certain nombre de ces appareils et etudie leur reponse aux neutrons monocinetiques et aux neutrons produits dans un reacteur. En utilisant la technique d'elimination des rayons gamma, ils ont pu reduire de plusieurs centaines de fois la sensibilite du compteur de recul aux rayons gamma et de cette maniere abaisser la limite inferieure d'application de l'instrument a 30 keV. Pour les appareils {sup 6}Li-semi-conducteurs, ils ont observe des pouvoirs de resolution de 70 keV ( largeur entiere

Some Applications of Surface Barrier Solid-State Detectors for Alpha-Activity Detection and Measurement; Quelques Applications des Detecteurs a Semi-Conducteurs a Barriere de Surface pour Deceler et Mesurer l'Activite Alpha; Nekotorye vidy primeneniya detektorov tverdogo sostoyaniya s poverkhnostnym bar'erom dlya izmereniya i obnaruzheniya al'fa-aktivnosti; Aplicaciones de los Detectores de Semiconductores de Barrera Superficial a la Deteccion y Medicion de Emisores Alfa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perry, K. E.G. [Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorset (United Kingdom)

1965-10-15

utilise un nouvel appareil automatique de mesure du rayonnement alpha, qui comporte un detecteur a semi-conducteurs, pour analyser les papiers-filtres provenant des echantillonneurs d'air dont est pourvu le personnel qui manipule du plutonium. Cet appareil mesure automatiquement la radioactivite individuelle de 12 papiers-filtres pendant un temps pre-regle et imprime le nombre total de coups enregistres. Il comporte egalement un circuit d'analyse en continu qui permet de controler rapidement si la radioactivite de l'echantillon est superieure ou inferieure a un niveau pre-determine. On pourrait facilement utiliser la meme methode pour une gamme etendue d'analyses d'echantillons. Les detecteurs a semi-conducteurs sont egalement tres souvent utilises dans divers types de sondes servant au controle general du rayonnement alpha; on a mis au point des sondes dont la surface sensible varie entre 12 mm{sup 2} et 18 cm{sup 2}. Les detecteurs a surface de detection reduite sont utiles pour deceler des points de contamination sur le corps et ils sont plus pratiques a cet egard que d'autres types de detecteurs (par exemple, les detecteurs a scintillation), du fait de leur solidite, de leur absence de sensibilite a la lumiere et de la simplicite de l'appareillage connexe. Une autre propriete interessante des detecteurs and semi-conducteurs, par rapport aux compteurs a scintillation a ZnS normaux, est leur absence de reponse au rayonnement gamma; cette consideration est importante lorsqu'on veut determiner la contamination alpha en presence d'un bruit de fond constitue par un rayonnement gamma intense; c'est notamment le cas pour la detection des fuites de matiere provenant d'une aiguille de radium ou d'une capsule de radon. Le memoire donne des details sur ces sondes. (author) [Spanish] Los servicios de la United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority utilizan cada vez mas los detectores de semiconductores para la medicion de muestras biologicas y para la vigilancia de las operaciones con