Bosonization of the generalized SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in the 1/N expansion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campos, Francisco Antonio Pena

1995-01-01

The present work consists in a 1/N expansion of extended version of the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in the context of the Functional Integral. The gap equations, meson propagators, triangle diagram, etc, appear quite naturally as different orders in the expansion. The new features of this approach is the inclusion of high order corrections in the 1/N leading orders, which have never included in the previous one. The method also allows for the construction of a chiral Lagrangian of interacting mesons based on the SU(3) NJL model, here obtained for the first time. (author)

Calculating kaon fragmentation functions from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio jet model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matevosyan, Hrayr H.; Thomas, Anthony W.; Bentz, Wolfgang

2011-01-01

The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL)-jet model provides a sound framework for calculating the fragmentation functions in an effective chiral quark theory, where the momentum and isospin sum rules are satisfied without the introduction of ad hoc parameters. Earlier studies of the pion fragmentation functions using the NJL model within this framework showed qualitative agreement with the empirical parametrizations. Here we extend the NJL-jet model by including the strange quark. The corrections to the pion fragmentation functions and corresponding kaon fragmentation functions are calculated using the elementary quark to quark-meson fragmentation functions from NJL. The results for the kaon fragmentation functions exhibit a qualitative agreement with the empirical parametrizations, while the unfavored strange quark fragmentation to pions is shown to be of the same order of magnitude as the unfavored light quark. The results of these studies are expected to provide important guidance for the analysis of a large variety of semi-inclusive data.

Relation between the Lee-Wick and Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models of chiral symmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klevansky, S.P.; Lemmer, R.H.

1990-01-01

The connection between the sigma model of Lee and Wick and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is discussed. It is shown that the sigma field potential of the linear Lee-Wick model is identical in form with the variation of the vacuum energy of the NJL system with the baryonic scalar density n s . The sigma field is proportional to n s . Furthermore, the coupling constant and mass of this σ field are fully determined by the NJL model version of the Goldberger-Treiman relation. It is shown further that the restoration of chiral symmetry with increasing baryonic density always occurs via a second order transition in the NJL model, while it is necessarily of first order in the associated linear Lee-Wick model. (orig.)

A proposal of a renormalizable Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Science.gov (United States)

Cabo Montes de Oca, Alejandro

2018-03-01

A local and gauge invariant gauge field model including Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) and QCD Lagrangian terms in its action is introduced. Surprisingly, it becomes power counting renormalizable. This occurs thanks to the presence of action terms which modify the quark propagators, to become more decreasing that the Dirac one at large momenta in a Lee-Wick form, implying power counting renormalizability. The appearance of finite quark masses already in the tree approximation in the scheme is determined by the fact that the new action terms explicitly break chiral invariance. In this starting work we present the renormalized Feynman diagram expansion of the model and derive the formula for the degree of divergence of the diagrams. An explanation for the usual exclusion of the added Lagrangian terms is presented. In addition, the primitíve divergent graphs are identified. We start their evaluation by calculating the simpler contribution to the gluon polarization operator. The divergent and finite parts both result transverse as required by gauge invariance. The full evaluation of the various primitive divergences, which are required for completely defining the counterterm Feynman expansion will be considered in coming works, for further allowing to discuss the flavour symmetry breaking and unitarity.

Anomalous decay f1(1285 )→π+π-γ in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Science.gov (United States)

Osipov, A. A.; Volkov, M. K.

2018-04-01

Using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the U (2 )×U (2 ) chiral symmetric effective four-quark interactions, we derive the amplitude of the radiative decay f1(1285 )→π+π-γ , find the decay width Γ (f1→π+π-γ )=346 keV and obtain the spectral dipion effective mass distribution. It is shown that in contrast to the majority of theoretical estimates (which consider the a1(1260 ) meson exchange as the dominant one), the most relevant contribution to this process is the ρ0-resonance exchange related with the triangle f1ρ0γ anomaly. The spectral function is obtained to be confronted with the future empirical data.

The SU(3)-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio soliton in the collective quantization formulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blotz, A.; Goeke, K.; Diakonov, D.; Petrov, V.; Pobylitsa, P.V.; Park, N.W.

1992-01-01

On grounds of a semibosonized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which has SU(3) R circle-times SU(3) L -symmetry in the chiral limit, mass splittings for spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 baryons are studied in the presence of an explicit chiral symmetry breaking strange quark mass. To this aim these strangeness carrying baryons are understood as SU(3)-rotational excitations of an SU(2)-embedded soliton solution. Therefore, within the framework of collective quantization, the fermion determinant with the strange quark mass is expanded up to the second order in the flavor rotation velocity and up to the first order in this quark mass. Besides the strange and non-strange moments of inertia, which have some counterparts within the Skyrme model, some so-called anomalous moments of inertia are obtained. These call be related to the imaginary part of the effective Euclidian action and contain among others the anomalous baryon current. This is shown in a gradient expansion up to the first non-vanishing order. Together with the Σ-commutator these are the solitonic ingredients of the collective hamiltonian, which is then diagonalized by means of strict perturbation theory in the strange quark mass and by the Yabu-Audo method. Both methods yield very good results for the masses of the spin 1/2 and 3/2 baryons. The former one reproduces some interesting mass formulas of Gell-Mann Okubo and Guadagnini and the latter one is able to describe the mass splittings up to a few MeV

Chiral symmetry in the strong color-electric field in terms of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suganuma, Hideo

1990-01-01

We examine the behavior of chiral symmetry in an external gluon field using Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which is an effective theory of QCD. The Dyson equation for the dynamical quark mass in the presence of the external color-electric field is obtained. By solving it in the color flux tube inside mesons, chiral symmetry would be restored in the flux tube of mesons and this result supports Chiral Bag picture for mesons. Next we consider the flux tubes formed in the central region for ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and find the chiral restoration occurs there, so that the current quark mass seems to be suitable in calculating the q-q-bar pair creation rate by the Schwinger formula in the flux-tube picture. (author)

Inertial mass of the chiral quark-loop soliton in the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature and density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schleif, M.; Wuensch, R.

1996-04-01

We consider the mass of the one-loop hedgehog soliton of the bosonized SU(2) Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model embedded in hot nuclear matter minimiced by a gas of constituent quarks. We prove that the proper-time regularized and self-consistently determined soliton in a heat bath obeys Poincare's invariance up order V 2 . At finite temperature and chemical potential, we show that the inertial mass obtained in the perturbative pushing approach coincides with the total internal energy of the soliton. (orig.)

Thermo-magnetic effects in quark matter: Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model constrained by lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farias, Ricardo L.S. [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Fisica, Santa Maria, RS (Brazil); Kent State University, Physics Department, Kent, OH (United States); Timoteo, Varese S. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Grupo de Optica e Modelagem Numerica (GOMNI), Faculdade de Tecnologia, Limeira, SP (Brazil); Avancini, Sidney S.; Pinto, Marcus B. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fisica, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina (Brazil); Krein, Gastao [Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Fisica Teorica, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2017-05-15

The phenomenon of inverse magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry in QCD predicted by lattice simulations can be reproduced within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model if the coupling G of the model decreases with the strength B of the magnetic field and temperature T. The thermo-magnetic dependence of G(B, T) is obtained by fitting recent lattice QCD predictions for the chiral transition order parameter. Different thermodynamic quantities of magnetized quark matter evaluated with G(B, T) are compared with the ones obtained at constant coupling, G. The model with G(B, T) predicts a more dramatic chiral transition as the field intensity increases. In addition, the pressure and magnetization always increase with B for a given temperature. Being parametrized by four magnetic-field-dependent coefficients and having a rather simple exponential thermal dependence our accurate ansatz for the coupling constant can be easily implemented to improve typical model applications to magnetized quark matter. (orig.)

Quark matter and quark stars at finite temperature in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chu, Peng-Cheng; Wang, Bin; Dong, Yu-Min; Jia, Yu-Yue; Wang, Shu-Mei; Ma, Hong-Yang [Qingdao Technological University, School of Science, Qingdao (China); Li, Xiao-Hua [University of South China, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Hengyang (China); University of South China, Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, Hengyang (China)

2017-08-15

We extend the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model to include two types of vector interaction. Using these two types of vector interaction in NJL model, we study the quark symmetry free energy in asymmetric quark matter, the constituent quark mass, the quark fraction, the equation of state (EOS) for β-equilibrium quark matter, the maximum mass of QSs at finite temperature, the maximum mass of proto-quark stars (PQSs) along the star evolution, and the effects of the vector interaction on the QCD phase diagram. We find that comparing zero temperature case, the values of quark matter symmetry free energy get larger with temperature increasing, which will reduce the difference between the fraction of u, d and s quarks and stiffen the EoS for β-equilibrium quark matter. In particular, our results indicate that the maximum masses of the quark stars increase with temperature because of the effects of the quark matter symmetry free energy, and we find that the heating(cooling) process for PQSs will increase (decrease) the maximum mass within NJL model. (orig.)

Coupled-channel dynamics in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Celenza, L.S.; Pantziris, A.; Shakin, C.M.; Szweda, J.

1993-01-01

We study the scalar-isoscalar sector of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and extend the model to include a description of the coupling of the quark-antiquark states to the two-pion continuum. The q bar q interaction gives rise to a sigma meson, which takes on a width and energy shift that depends upon the strength of the coupling for q+bar q→π+π. (For weak channel coupling, the resonance is located at the mass of the sigma, m σ congruent 2m q cons , where m q cons is the constituent quark mass of the NJL model.) We consider two models for the q bar q→ππ coupling. In the first model, we find a low-energy resonance, with the resonance energy E R ≤2m q cons . We then see that the values, obtained from the analysis of experimental data, of the scalar-isoscalar phase shift describing ππ scattering δ 0 0 , are not compatible with the existence of a low-mass sigma. In the second model, the resonance is pushed upward into the region of the two-quark continuum, E R >2m q cons . This second model provides an example of a phenomenon where the behavior of the q bar q T matrix is parametrized for q 2 ≤0 by a mass that is smaller than the physical mass that characterizes the pole in the T matrix. The behavior of the second model suggests how the absence of experimental evidence for a low-mass sigma may be reconciled with the importance of such a meson in nuclear structure studies

Properties of quarks and mesons in the framework of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model (NJL model) for finite temperature and density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nebauer, R.

2000-01-01

This thesis presents a detailed overview of the thermodynamical properties of the model of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio. In fact, this model can be interpreted as a low energy approximation of QCD. The NJL model has the advantage to be solvable at finite temperature and density. Comparison with QCD lattice calculations show that the NJL model reproduces correctly the feature of chiral symmetry breaking and restoration. We present the chiral phase diagram of the NJL model for three flavors and study the influence of the parameters on the order of the phase transition. The properties of the mesons in a hot and dense medium are another topic of this thesis. We discuss the behaviour of the chiral partners and the influence of the symmetries. A point of special interest are the masses of the kaons in a dense medium. We compare the masses of the kaons with other models like RMF and ChPT. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the low temperature - high density region of the QCD phase diagram. In this region, the formation of a diquark condensate and a superconducting phase are expected. We discuss the structure of the diquark condensate and present the results of the numerical calculations at finite temperature and density. (author)

Abnormal number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in the color-asymmetric 2SC phase of an NJL-type model

OpenAIRE

Blaschke, D.; Ebert, D.; Klimenko, K. G.; Volkov, M. K.; Yudichev, V. L.

2004-01-01

We consider an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model including both (q \\bar q)- and (qq)-interactions with two light-quark flavors in the presence of a single (quark density) chemical potential. In the color superconducting phase of the quark matter the color SU(3) symmetry is spontaneously broken down to SU(2). If the usual counting of Goldstone bosons would apply, five Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons corresponding to the five broken color generators should appear in the mass spectrum. Unlike that ...

Regularization dependence on phase diagram in Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohyama, H.; Kimura, D.; Inagaki, T.

2015-01-01

We study the regularization dependence on meson properties and the phase diagram of quark matter by using the two flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The model also has the parameter dependence in each regularization, so we explicitly give the model parameters for some sets of the input observables, then investigate its effect on the phase diagram. We find that the location or the existence of the critical end point highly depends on the regularization methods and the model parameters. Then we think that regularization and parameters are carefully considered when one investigates the QCD critical end point in the effective model studies

Interplay Between Quark-Antiquark and Diquark Condensates in Vacuum in a Two-Flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZHOU Bang-Rong

2007-01-01

By means of a relativistic effective potential, we analytically research competition between the quarkLasinio (NJL) model and obtain the Gs-Hs phase diagram, where Gs and Hs are the respective four-fermion coupling constants in scalar quark-antiquark channel and scalar color anti-triplet diquark channel. The results show that, in the that there is no diquark condensates in the vacuum of QCD, will also impose a real restriction to any given two-flavor NJL model which is intended to simulate QCD, i.e. in such model the resulting snallest ratio Gs/Hs after the Fierz transformations in the Hartree approximation must be larger than 2/3. A few phenomenological QCD-like NJL models are checked and analyzed.

Properties of quarks and mesons in the framework of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model (NJL model) for finite temperature and density; Proprietes des quarks et mesons a temperature et densite finies dans le cadre du modele NJL

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nebauer, R

2000-09-29

This thesis presents a detailed overview of the thermodynamical properties of the model of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio. In fact, this model can be interpreted as a low energy approximation of QCD. The NJL model has the advantage to be solvable at finite temperature and density. Comparison with QCD lattice calculations show that the NJL model reproduces correctly the feature of chiral symmetry breaking and restoration. We present the chiral phase diagram of the NJL model for three flavors and study the influence of the parameters on the order of the phase transition. The properties of the mesons in a hot and dense medium are another topic of this thesis. We discuss the behaviour of the chiral partners and the influence of the symmetries. A point of special interest are the masses of the kaons in a dense medium. We compare the masses of the kaons with other models like RMF and ChPT. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the low temperature - high density region of the QCD phase diagram. In this region, the formation of a diquark condensate and a superconducting phase are expected. We discuss the structure of the diquark condensate and present the results of the numerical calculations at finite temperature and density. (author)

The phases of isospin-asymmetric matter in the two-flavor NJL model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lawley, S. [Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 (Australia) and Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)]. E-mail: slawley@jlab.org; Bentz, W. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Thomas, A.W. [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)

2006-01-19

We investigate the phase diagram of isospin-asymmetric matter at T=0 in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Our approach describes the single nucleon as a confined quark-diquark state, the saturation properties of nuclear matter at normal densities, and the phase transition to normal or color superconducting quark matter at higher densities. The resulting equation of state of charge-neutral matter and the structure of compact stars are discussed.

Modeling the thermodynamics of QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hell, Thomas

2010-07-26

Strongly interacting (QCD) matter is expected to exhibit a multifaceted phase structure: a hadron gas at low temperatures, a quark-gluon plasma at very high temperatures, nuclear matter in the low-temperature and high-density region, color superconductors at asymptotically high densities. Most of the conjectured phases cannot yet be scrutinized by experiments. Much of the present picture - particularly concerning the intermediate temperature and density area of the phase diagram of QCD matter - is based on model calculations. Further insights come from Lattice-QCD computations. The present thesis elaborates a nonlocal covariant extension of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with built-in constraints from the running coupling of QCD at high-momentum and instanton physics at low-momentum scales. We present this model for two and three quark flavors (in the latter case paying particular attention to the axial anomaly). At finite temperatures and densities, gluon dynamics is incorporated through a gluonic background field, expressed in terms of the Polyakov loop (P). The thermodynamics of this nonlocal PNJL model accounts for both chiral and deconfinement transitions. We obtain results in mean-field approximation and beyond, including additional pionic and kaonic contributions to the chiral condensate, the pressure and other thermodynamic quantities. Finally, the nonlocal PNJL model is applied to the finite-density region of the QCD phase diagram; for three quark flavors we investigate, in particular, the dependence of the critical point appearing in the models on the axial anomaly. The thesis closes with a derivation of the nonlocal PNJL model from first principles of QCD. (orig.)

Extension of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model predictions at high temperatures and strong external magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomes, Karina P.; Farias, R.L.S.; Pinto, M.B.; Krein, G.

2013-01-01

Full text: Recently much attention is dedicated to understand the effects of an external magnetic field on the QCD phase diagram. Actually there is a contradiction in the literature: while effective models of QCD like the Nambu-Jona- Lasinio model (NJL) and linear sigma model predict an increase of the critical temperature of chiral symmetry restoration a function of the magnetic field, recent lattice results shows the opposite behavior. The NJL model is nonrenormalizable; then the high momentum part of the model has to be regularized in a phenomenological way. The common practice is to regularize the divergent loop amplitudes with a three-dimensional momentum cutoff, which also sets the energy-momentum scale for the validity of the model. That is, the model cannot be used for studying phenomena involving momenta running in loops larger than the cutoff. In particular, the model cannot be used to study quark matter at high densities. One of the symptoms of this problem is the prediction of vanishing superconducting gaps at high baryon densities, a feature of the model that is solely caused by the use of a regularizing momentum cutoff of the divergent vacuum and also in finite loop integrals. In a renormalizable theory all the dependence on the cutoff can be removed in favor of running physical parameters, like the coupling constants of QED and QCD. The running is given by the renormalization group equations of the theory and is controlled by an energy scale that is adjusted to the scale of the experimental conditions under consideration. In a recent publication, Casalbuoni et al. have introduced the concept of a running coupling constant for the NJL model to extend the applicability of the model to high density. Their arguments are based on making the cutoff density dependent, using an analogy with the natural cutoff of the Debye frequency of phonon oscillations in an ordinary solid. In the present work we follow such an approach introducing a magnetic field

Dynamics of inhomogeneous chiral condensates

Science.gov (United States)

Carlomagno, Juan Pablo; Krein, Gastão; Kroff, Daniel; Peixoto, Thiago

2018-01-01

We study the dynamics of the formation of inhomogeneous chirally broken phases in the final stages of a heavy-ion collision, with particular interest on the time scales involved in the formation process. The study is conducted within the framework of a Ginzburg-Landau time evolution, driven by a free energy functional motivated by the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Expansion of the medium is modeled by one-dimensional Bjorken flow and its effect on the formation of inhomogeneous condensates is investigated. We also use a free energy functional from a nonlocal Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model which predicts metastable phases that lead to long-lived inhomogeneous condensates before reaching an equilibrium phase with homogeneous condensates.

Memorial volume for Y. Nambu

CERN Document Server

Chang, Lay Nam; Han, Moo-Young; Phua, Kok Khoo

2016-01-01

We have lost one of the giants of the twentieth century physics when Yoichiro Nambu passed away in July, 2015, at the age of 94. Today's Standard Model, though still incomplete in many respects, is the culmination of the most successful theory of the Universe to date, and it is built upon foundations provided by discoveries made by Nambu in the 1960s: the mechanism of spontaneously broken symmetry in Nature (with G Jona-Lasinio) and the hidden new SU(3) symmetry of quarks and gluons (with M-Y Han). In this volume honoring Nambu's memory, World Scientific Publishing presents a unique collection of papers written by his former colleagues, collaborating researchers and former students and associates, not only citing Nambu's great contributions in physics but also many personal and private reminiscences, some never told before. This volume also contains the very last scientific writing by Professor Nambu himself, discussing the development of particle physics. This book is a volume for all who benefited not on...

Spin polarization versus color–flavor locking in high-density quark matter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tsue, Yasuhiko; da Providência, João; Providência, Constança

2015-01-01

It is shown that spin polarization with respect to each flavor in three-flavor quark matter occurs instead of color–flavor locking at high baryon density by using the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with four-point tensor-type interaction. Also, it is indicated that the order of phase transition between...

Sensitivity of predictions in an effective model: Application to the chiral critical end point position in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biguet, Alexandre; Hansen, Hubert; Brugiere, Timothee; Costa, Pedro; Borgnat, Pierre

2015-01-01

The measurement of the position of the chiral critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram is under debate. While it is possible to predict its position by using effective models specifically built to reproduce some of the features of the underlying theory (QCD), the quality of the predictions (e.g., the CEP position) obtained by such effective models, depends on whether solving the model equations constitute a well- or ill-posed inverse problem. Considering these predictions as being inverse problems provides tools to evaluate if the problem is ill-conditioned, meaning that infinitesimal variations of the inputs of the model can cause comparatively large variations of the predictions. If it is ill-conditioned, it has major consequences because of finite variations that could come from experimental and/or theoretical errors. In the following, we shall apply such a reasoning on the predictions of a particular Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model within the mean field + ring approximations, with special attention to the prediction of the chiral CEP position in the (T-μ) plane. We find that the problem is ill-conditioned (i.e. very sensitive to input variations) for the T-coordinate of the CEP, whereas, it is well-posed for the μ-coordinate of the CEP. As a consequence, when the chiral condensate varies in a 10MeV range, μ CEP varies far less. As an illustration to understand how problematic this could be, we show that the main consequence when taking into account finite variation of the inputs, is that the existence of the CEP itself cannot be predicted anymore: for a deviation as low as 0.6% with respect to vacuum phenomenology (well within the estimation of the first correction to the ring approximation) the CEP may or may not exist. (orig.)

Sensitivity of predictions in an effective model: Application to the chiral critical end point position in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biguet, Alexandre; Hansen, Hubert; Brugiere, Timothee [Universite Claude Bernard de Lyon, Institut de Physique Nucleaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne Cedex (France); Costa, Pedro [Universidade de Coimbra, Centro de Fisica Computacional, Departamento de Fisica, Coimbra (Portugal); Borgnat, Pierre [CNRS, l' Ecole normale superieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon Cedex 07 (France)

2015-09-15

The measurement of the position of the chiral critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram is under debate. While it is possible to predict its position by using effective models specifically built to reproduce some of the features of the underlying theory (QCD), the quality of the predictions (e.g., the CEP position) obtained by such effective models, depends on whether solving the model equations constitute a well- or ill-posed inverse problem. Considering these predictions as being inverse problems provides tools to evaluate if the problem is ill-conditioned, meaning that infinitesimal variations of the inputs of the model can cause comparatively large variations of the predictions. If it is ill-conditioned, it has major consequences because of finite variations that could come from experimental and/or theoretical errors. In the following, we shall apply such a reasoning on the predictions of a particular Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model within the mean field + ring approximations, with special attention to the prediction of the chiral CEP position in the (T-μ) plane. We find that the problem is ill-conditioned (i.e. very sensitive to input variations) for the T-coordinate of the CEP, whereas, it is well-posed for the μ-coordinate of the CEP. As a consequence, when the chiral condensate varies in a 10MeV range, μ {sub CEP} varies far less. As an illustration to understand how problematic this could be, we show that the main consequence when taking into account finite variation of the inputs, is that the existence of the CEP itself cannot be predicted anymore: for a deviation as low as 0.6% with respect to vacuum phenomenology (well within the estimation of the first correction to the ring approximation) the CEP may or may not exist. (orig.)

Two-color quark matter: U(1)A restoration, superfluidity, and quarkyonic phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brauner, Tomas; Fukushima, Kenji; Hidaka, Yoshimasa

2009-01-01

We discuss the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with two colors and two flavors of light quarks. This is motivated by the increasing interest in the QCD phase diagram as follows: (1) The QCD critical point search has been under intensive dispute and its location and existence suffer from uncertainty of effective U(1) A symmetry restoration. (2) A new phase called quarkyonic matter is drawing theoretical and experimental attention but it is not clear whether it can coexist with diquark condensation. We point out that two-color QCD is nontrivial enough to contain essential ingredients for (1) and (2) both, and most importantly, is a system without the sign problem in numerical simulations on the lattice. We adopt the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model extended with the two-color Polyakov loop and make quantitative predictions that can be tested by lattice simulations.

Spin polarization in high density quark matter under a strong external magnetic field

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tsue, Yasuhiko; Da Providência, João; Providência, Constança

2016-01-01

In high density quark matter under a strong external magnetic field, possible phases are investigated by using the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with tensor-type four-point interaction between quarks, as well as the axial-vector-type four-point interaction. In the tensor-type interact...

Spin polarization in high density quark matter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bohr, Henrik; Panda, Prafulla K.; Providênci, Constanca

2013-01-01

We investigate the occurrence of a ferromagnetic phase transition in high density hadronic matter (e.g., in the interior of a neutron star). This could be induced by a four-fermion interaction analogous to the one which is responsible for chiral symmetry breaking in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, ...... the so-called 2 flavor super-conducting phase to the ferromagnetic phase arises. The color-flavor-locked phase may be completely hidden by the FP....

SU(3)味极限附近色味连锁型超导体中的束缚双夸克态%Bound Diquark States in Color-Flavor-Locked Type Superconductor near the SU(3) Flavor Limit

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

任春福; 张一; 张小兵

2011-01-01

Starting from the ideal color-flavor locked phase, an approximate description for three-flavor quark superconductor is proposed near the SU (3) flavor limit. Under the physical influence from explicitly chiral-symmetry-breaking, we investigate the behaviors for two species of diquark states and the formations of bound diquark states at the mean-field level. In strongly coupling density regime, a theoretical possibility is pointed out at the first time,that Bose-Einstein condensation of light-flavor diquark states occur in the environment where all three-flavor and three-color quarks participate the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing.%从理想的色味连锁相出发,在SU(3)味极限附近,给出了一个3味夸克超导体的近似描述.在手征对称性明显破缺的物理影响下,运用Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL)模型在平均场层次上研究了两种双夸克态和束缚双夸克态的形成.当夸克之间的相互作用非常强时,首次指出了在3色和3味夸克参与Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer配对的环境下,轻味双夸克态发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的可能性.

Fierz-complete NJL model study. II. Toward the fixed-point and phase structure of hot and dense two-flavor QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Braun, Jens; Leonhardt, Marc; Pospiech, Martin

2018-04-01

Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type models are often employed as low-energy models for the theory of the strong interaction to analyze its phase structure at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. In particular, at low temperature and large chemical potential, where the application of fully first-principles approaches is currently difficult at best, this class of models still plays a prominent role in guiding our understanding of the dynamics of dense strong-interaction matter. In this work, we consider a Fierz-complete version of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with two massless quark flavors and study its renormalization group flow and fixed-point structure at leading order of the derivative expansion of the effective action. Sum rules for the various four-quark couplings then allow us to monitor the strength of the breaking of the axial UA(1 ) symmetry close to and above the phase boundary. We find that the dynamics in the ten-dimensional Fierz-complete space of four-quark couplings can only be reduced to a one-dimensional space associated with the scalar-pseudoscalar coupling in the strict large-Nc limit. Still, the interacting fixed point associated with this one-dimensional subspace appears to govern the dynamics at small quark chemical potential even beyond the large-Nc limit. At large chemical potential, corrections beyond the large-Nc limit become important, and the dynamics is dominated by diquarks, favoring the formation of a chirally symmetric diquark condensate. In this regime, our study suggests that the phase boundary is shifted to higher temperatures when a Fierz-complete set of four-quark interactions is considered.

Baryon number fluctuations and the phase structure in the PNJL model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shao, Guo-yun; Tang, Zhan-duo; Gao, Xue-yan; He, Wei-bo [Xi' an Jiaotong University, School of Science, Xi' an, Shaanxi (China)

2018-02-15

We investigate the kurtosis and skewness of net-baryon number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model, and discuss the relations between fluctuation distributions and the phase structure of quark-gluon matter. The calculation shows that the traces of chiral and deconfinement transitions can be effectively reflected by the kurtosis and skewness of net-baryon number fluctuations not only in the critical region but also in the crossover region. The contour plot of baryon number kurtosis derived in the PNJL model can qualitatively explain the behavior of net-proton number kurtosis in the STAR beam energy scan experiments. Moreover, the three-dimensional presentations of the kurtosis and skewness in this study are helpful to understand the relations between baryon number fluctuations and QCD phase structure. (orig.)

The bag model and the Nambu-Goldstone pion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, H.C.; Ho-Kim, Q.

1983-01-01

The MIT bag model for the pion is improved and extended in such a way that the pion does not have spurious center-of-mass motions; perturbative gluon contributions to the pion mass msub(π) and decay constant fsub(π) are both calculated to lowest order in αsub(s). The pion is a Nambu-Goldstone boson in the sense that the vacuum in the bag refers to massive constituent quarks, but not so massless current quarks. The transformation of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio between massive and massless quarks is utilized in the computation of fsub(π), the result of which strongly suggests that quarks in the pion are correlated, characterized by a correlation momentum which is proportional 300 MeV/c. The vacuum expectation value for the massless quark condensate is calculated to be proportional0.04 GeV 3 , corresponding to a current quark mass of proportional4 MeV. The requirement that msub(π) approaches zero in a manner consistent with PCAC constrains the bag energy to be msub(π)/4. (orig.)

Inhomogeneity driven by Higgs instability in a gapless superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giannakis, Ioannis; Hou Defu; Huang Mei; Ren Haicang

2007-01-01

The fluctuations of the Higgs and pseudo Nambu-Goldstone fields in the 2-flavor color superconductivity (2SC) phase with mismatched pairing are described in the nonlinear realization framework of the gauged Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In the gapless 2SC phase, not only Nambu-Goldstone currents can be spontaneously generated, but also the Higgs field exhibits instablity. The Nambu-Goldstone currents generation indicates the formation of the single plane wave Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrel state and breaks rotation symmetry, while the Higgs instability favors spatial inhomogeneity and breaks translation invariance. In this paper, we focus on the Higgs instability which has not drawn much attention yet. The Higgs instability cannot be removed without a long range force, thus it persists in the gapless superfluidity and induces phase separation. In the case of gapless 2-flavor color superconductivity state, the Higgs instability can only be partially removed by the electric Coulomb energy. However, it is not excluded that the Higgs instability might be completely removed in the charge neutral gapless color-flavor locked phase by the color Coulomb energy

A renormalizable extension of the NJL-model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langfeld, K.; Kettner, C.; Reinhardt, H.

1996-01-01

The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is supplemented by the quark interaction generated by the one-gluon exchange. The employed gluon propagator exhibits the correct large-momentum behavior of QCD, whereas the Landau pole at low energies is screened. The emerging constituent quark model is one-loop renormalizable and interpolates between the phenomenologically successful Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (modified by a transversal projector) at low energies and perturbative QCD at high momenta. Consequently, the momentum dependence of the quark self-energy at high energy coincides with the prediction from perturbative QCD. The chiral phase transition is studied in dependence on the low-energy four-quark interaction strength in the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach. The critical exponents of the quark self-energy and the quark condensate are obtained. The latter exponent deviates from the NJL-result. Pion properties are addressed by means of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The validity of the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation is verified. Finally, we study the conditions under which the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is a decent approximation to our renormalizable theory as well as the shortcoming of the NJL-model due to its inherent non-renormalizability. (orig.)

Electromagnetic properties of the pion as a composite Nambu-Goldstone boson

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, H.; Buck, W.W.; Gross, F.

1992-01-01

Motivated by the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model of light mesons, we introduce a covariant separable interaction to model the structure of relativistic quark-antiquark systems. The Schwinger-Dyson equation for the quark self-energy is solved analytically, generating a dynamical quark mass through spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, and yielding a pion which has zero mass in the chiral limit. The Bethe-Salpeter vertex function for this q bar q pion, which has a momentum distribution and composite structure associated with the interaction, is obtained analytically. Using this vertex function, and a similar one for the ρ meson, we calculate the electromagnetic observables of this composite Nambu-Goldstone boson, including effects from ρ-meson dominance processes. Our calculation takes the composite structure of the mesons into account. The ρ-meson effects are found to be very small in the pion charge form factor, but substantial in the charge radius. Using the model, predictions are made for γ * π 0 →γ and ρπγ transition form factors

Light pseudoscalar mesons in a nonlocal three flavor chiral quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomez Dumm, D.

2004-01-01

We study the properties of light pseudoscalar mesons in a nonlocal three flavor chiral quark model with nonlocal separable interactions. We consider the case of a Gaussian regulator, evaluating meson masses and decay constants. Our results are found to be in good agreement with empirical values, in particular, in the case of the ratio f κ /f π and the decay π 0 → γγ. The model leads also to a reasonable description of the observed phenomenology in the η-η ' sector, where two significantly different mixing angles are required. Detailed description of the work sketched here can be found in Ref. [1]. (author)

Baryons and baryonic matter in four-fermion interaction models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urlichs, K.

2007-01-01

In this work we discuss baryons and baryonic matter in simple four-fermion interaction theories, the Gross-Neveu model and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in 1+1 and 2+1 space-time dimensions. These models are designed as toy models for dynamical symmetry breaking in strong interaction physics. Pointlike interactions (''four-fermion'' interactions) between quarks replace the full gluon mediated interaction of quantum chromodynamics. We consider the limit of a large number of fermion flavors, where a mean field approach becomes exact. This method is formulated in the language of relativistic many particle theory and is equivalent to the Hartree-Fock approximation. In 1+1 dimensions, we generalize known results on the ground state to the case where chiral symmetry is broken explicitly by a bare mass term. For the Gross-Neveu model, we derive an exact self-consistent solution for the finite density ground state, consisting of a one-dimensional array of equally spaced potential wells, a baryon crystal. For the Nambu- Jona-Lasinio model we apply the derivative expansion technique to calculate the total energy in powers of derivatives of the mean field. In a picture akin to the Skyrme model of nuclear physics, the baryon emerges as a topological soliton. The solution for both the single baryon and dense baryonic matter is given in a systematic expansion in powers of the pion mass. The solution of the Hartree-Fock problem is more complicated in 2+1 dimensions. In the massless Gross-Neveu model we derive an exact self-consistent solution by extending the baryon crystal of the 1+1 dimensional model, maintaining translational invariance in one spatial direction. This one-dimensional configuration is energetically degenerate to the translationally invariant solution, a hint in favor of a possible translational symmetry breakdown by more general geometrical structures. In the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, topological soliton configurations induce a finite baryon number. In contrast

Baryons and baryonic matter in four-fermion interaction models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urlichs, K.

2007-02-23

In this work we discuss baryons and baryonic matter in simple four-fermion interaction theories, the Gross-Neveu model and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in 1+1 and 2+1 space-time dimensions. These models are designed as toy models for dynamical symmetry breaking in strong interaction physics. Pointlike interactions (''four-fermion'' interactions) between quarks replace the full gluon mediated interaction of quantum chromodynamics. We consider the limit of a large number of fermion flavors, where a mean field approach becomes exact. This method is formulated in the language of relativistic many particle theory and is equivalent to the Hartree-Fock approximation. In 1+1 dimensions, we generalize known results on the ground state to the case where chiral symmetry is broken explicitly by a bare mass term. For the Gross-Neveu model, we derive an exact self-consistent solution for the finite density ground state, consisting of a one-dimensional array of equally spaced potential wells, a baryon crystal. For the Nambu- Jona-Lasinio model we apply the derivative expansion technique to calculate the total energy in powers of derivatives of the mean field. In a picture akin to the Skyrme model of nuclear physics, the baryon emerges as a topological soliton. The solution for both the single baryon and dense baryonic matter is given in a systematic expansion in powers of the pion mass. The solution of the Hartree-Fock problem is more complicated in 2+1 dimensions. In the massless Gross-Neveu model we derive an exact self-consistent solution by extending the baryon crystal of the 1+1 dimensional model, maintaining translational invariance in one spatial direction. This one-dimensional configuration is energetically degenerate to the translationally invariant solution, a hint in favor of a possible translational symmetry breakdown by more general geometrical structures. In the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, topological soliton configurations induce a finite baryon

Unified Chiral models of mesons and baryons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mendez-Galain, R.; Ripka, G.

1990-01-01

Unified Chiral models of mesons and baryons are presented. Emphasis is placed on the underlying quark structure of hadrons including the Skyrmion. The Nambu Jona-Lasinio model with vector mesons is discussed

Dense baryon matter with isospin and chiral imbalance in the framework of a NJL4 model at large Nc: Duality between chiral symmetry breaking and charged pion condensation

Science.gov (United States)

Khunjua, T. G.; Klimenko, K. G.; Zhokhov, R. N.

2018-03-01

In this paper the phase structure of dense quark matter has been investigated at zero temperature in the presence of baryon, isospin and chiral isospin chemical potentials in the framework of massless (3 +1 )-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with two quark flavors. It has been shown that in the large-Nc limit (Nc is the number of colors of quarks) there exists a duality correspondence between the chiral symmetry breaking phase and the charged pion condensation one. The key conclusion of our studies is the fact that chiral isospin chemical potential generates charged pion condensation in dense quark matter with isotopic asymmetry.

Phases of QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roessner, Simon

2009-01-01

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction within the Standard Model of elementary particles. Today's research in this area dedicates substantial resources to numeric solutions of the QCD field equations and experimental programs exploring the phases of QCD. This thesis proceeds along a complementary line - that of modelling QCD, with the aim of identifying its dominant degrees of freedom. This is possible by minimally coupling effective potentials for the Polyakov loop to Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models using temporal background fields to model chiral symmetry breaking respecting colour confinement. The fermion sign problem resulting from the minimal coupling is addressed in this work establishing a novel, systematically ordered approach. The modifications to the approximative order parameter of colour confinement, the Polyakov loop, are in direct connection with the fermion sign problem. Furthermore an effective coupling of quark densities of different flavours is induced. This mechanism, most likely also present in QCD, produces finite contributions to flavour off diagonal susceptibilities. Susceptibilities are amongst the most promising physical quantities for the experimental exploration of the phase transition at high temperatures and densities. (orig.)

Symmetry energy and neutron star properties in the saturated Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Si-Na Wei

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this work, we adopt the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL model that ensures the nuclear matter saturation properties to study the density dependence of the symmetry energy. With the interactions constrained by the chiral symmetry, the symmetry energy shows novel characters different from those in conventional mean-field models. First, the negative symmetry energy at high densities that is absent in relativistic mean-field (RMF models can be obtained in the RMF approximation by introducing a chiral isovector–vector interaction, although it would be ruled out by the neutron star (NS stability. Second, with the inclusion of the isovector–scalar interaction the symmetry energy exhibits a general softening at high densities even for the large slope parameter of the symmetry energy. The NS properties obtained in the present NJL model can be in accord with the observations. The NS maximum mass obtained with various isovector–scalar couplings and momentum cutoffs is well above the 2M⊙, and the NS radius obtained well meets the limits extracted from recent measurements. In particular, the significant reduction of the canonical NS radius occurs with the moderate decrease of the slope of the symmetry energy.

Strong UA(1) breaking in radiative η decays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takizawa, M.; Nemoto, Y.; Oka, M.

1996-08-01

We study the η → γγ, η → γμ - μ + and η → π 0 γγ decays using an extended three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model that includes the 't Hooft instanton induced interaction. We find that the η-meson mass, the η → γγ, η → γμ - μ + and η → π 0 γγ decay widths are in good agreement with the experimental values when the U A (1) breaking is strong and the flavor SU(3) singlet-octet mixing angle θ is about zero. The calculated ηγγ * transition form factor has somewhat weaker dependence on the squared four-momentum of the virtual photon. The effects of the U A (1) anomaly on the scalar quark contents in the nucleon, the Σ πN and Σ KN terms and the baryon number one and two systems are also studied. (author)

Pre-critical phenomena of two-flavor color superconductivity in heated quark matter. Diquark-pair fluctuations and non-Fermi liquid behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitazawa, Masakiyo; Kunihiro, Teiji; Koide, Tomoi; Nemoto, Yukio

2005-01-01

We investigate the fluctuations of the diquark-pair field and their effects on observables above the critical temperature T c in two-flavor color superconductivity (CSC) at moderate density using a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type effective model of QCD. Because of the strong-coupling nature of the dynamics, the fluctuations of the pair field develop a collective mode, which has a prominent strength even well above T c . We show that the collective mode is actually the soft mode of CSC. We examine the effects of the pair fluctuations on the specific heat and the quark spectrum for T above but close to T c . We find that the specific heat exhibits singular behavior because of the pair fluctuations, in accordance with the general theory of second-order phase transitions. The quarks display a typical non-Fermi liquid behavior, owing to the coupling with the soft mode, leading to a pseudo-gap in the density of states of the quarks in the vicinity of the critical point. Some experimental implications of the precursory phenomena are also discussed. (author)

Heavy hybrid stars from multi-quark interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benic, Sanjin

2014-01-01

We explore the possibility of obtaining heavy hybrid stars within the framework of the two flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model that includes 8-quark interactions in the scalar and in the vector channel. The main impact of the 8-quark scalar channel is to reduce the onset of quark matter, while the 8-quark vector channel acts to stiffen the equation of state at high densities. Within the parameter space where the 4-quark vector channel is small, and the 8-quark vector channel sizeable, stable stars with masses of 2 M ⊙ and above are found to hold quark matter in their cores. (orig.)

Tensor Excitations in Nambu - Jona-Lasinio Model

CERN Document Server

Chizhov, M V

1996-01-01

It is shown that in the one-flavour NJL model the vector and axial-vector quasiparticles described by the antisymmetric tensor field are generated. These excitations have tensor interactions with quarks in contrast to usual vector ones. Phenomenological applications are discussed.

Strong U{sub A}(1) breaking in radiative {eta} decays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takizawa, M.; Nemoto, Y.; Oka, M.

1996-08-01

We study the {eta} {yields} {gamma}{gamma}, {eta} {yields} {gamma}{mu}{sup -}{mu}{sup +} and {eta} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} decays using an extended three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model that includes the `t Hooft instanton induced interaction. We find that the {eta}-meson mass, the {eta} {yields} {gamma}{gamma}, {eta} {yields} {gamma}{mu}{sup -}{mu}{sup +} and {eta} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} decay widths are in good agreement with the experimental values when the U{sub A}(1) breaking is strong and the flavor SU(3) singlet-octet mixing angle {theta} is about zero. The calculated {eta}{gamma}{gamma}{sup *} transition form factor has somewhat weaker dependence on the squared four-momentum of the virtual photon. The effects of the U{sub A}(1) anomaly on the scalar quark contents in the nucleon, the {Sigma}{sub {pi}N} and {Sigma}{sub KN} terms and the baryon number one and two systems are also studied. (author)

Phases of QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roessner, Simon

2009-04-09

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction within the Standard Model of elementary particles. Today's research in this area dedicates substantial resources to numeric solutions of the QCD field equations and experimental programs exploring the phases of QCD. This thesis proceeds along a complementary line - that of modelling QCD, with the aim of identifying its dominant degrees of freedom. This is possible by minimally coupling effective potentials for the Polyakov loop to Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models using temporal background fields to model chiral symmetry breaking respecting colour confinement. The fermion sign problem resulting from the minimal coupling is addressed in this work establishing a novel, systematically ordered approach. The modifications to the approximative order parameter of colour confinement, the Polyakov loop, are in direct connection with the fermion sign problem. Furthermore an effective coupling of quark densities of different flavours is induced. This mechanism, most likely also present in QCD, produces finite contributions to flavour off diagonal susceptibilities. Susceptibilities are amongst the most promising physical quantities for the experimental exploration of the phase transition at high temperatures and densities. (orig.)

Nambu mechanism of dynamical symmetry breaking by the top quark

Science.gov (United States)

Pham, Xuan-Yem

1990-05-01

It may be possible that the gauge symmetry breaking of the standard electroweak interactions is not due to the elementary scalar Higgs fields but has a dynamic origin intimately involving the top quark. A prototype of this dynamical scenario is the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model in which both the top quark and the gauge bosons become massive by some strong attractive nonlinear interactions similar to the gap energy produced in BCS superconductivity. Self-consistent equations for the charged Goldstone boson and for the vector meson are used to get an upper bound for the top quark mass. In the bubble approximation of keeping only fermion loops, we obtain an equation relating the top quark mass to the W boson one; from the top mass is found to be around 84 GeV. Its typical dominant decay mode t→W+s then follows. Also discussed are distinctive signatures of the scalar overlinett bound state identified as the physical Higgs particle whose mass is twice that of the top quark.

Bosonization with inclusion of the gluon condensate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1994-01-01

The effects of the gluon condensate on the quark condensate and on masses and coupling constants of composite mesons are discussed within a QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for zero temperature as well as for the case of finite temperature and baryon number density. (orig.)

Wilson Fermions with Four Fermion Interactions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rantaharju, Jarno; Drach, Vincent; Hietanen, Ari

2015-01-01

We present a lattice study of a four fermion theory, known as Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) theory, via Wilson fermions. Four fermion interactions naturally occur in several extensions of the Standard Model as a low energy parameterisation of a more fundamental theory. In models of dynamical electroweak...

Isospin breaking in nuclear physics: The Nolen-Schiffer effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adami, C.; Brown, G.E.

1991-01-01

Using the QCD sum rules we calculate the neutron-proton mass difference at zero density as a function of the difference in bare quark mass m d -m u . We confirm results of Hatsuda, Hoegaasen and Prakash that the largest term results from the difference in up and down quark condensates, the explicit C (m d -m u ) entering with the opposite sign. The quark condensates are then extended to finite density to estimate the Nolen-Schiffer effect. The neutron-proton mass difference is extremely density dependent, going to zero at roughly nuclear matter density. The Ioffe formula for the nucleon mass is interpreted as a derivation, within the QCD sum rule approach, of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio formula. This clarifies the N c counting and furthermore provides an alternative interpretation of the Borel mass. We compare calculations in the constituent quark model treated in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio formalism with ours in the QCD sum rule approach. (orig.)

Dynamical Symmetry Breaking of Maximally Generalized Yang-Mills Model and Its Restoration at Finite Temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Dianfu

2008-01-01

In terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry for the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model is investigated. The gauge symmetry behavior at finite temperature is also investigated and it is shown that the gauge symmetry broken dynamically at zero temperature can be restored at finite temperatures

Aspects of the Color Flavor Locking phase of QCD in the Nambu-Jona Lasinio approximation

CERN Document Server

Casalbuoni, Roberto; Nardulli, Giuseppe; Ruggieri, Marco

2003-01-01

We study two aspects of the CFL phase of QCD in the NJL approximation. The first one is the issue of the dependence on \\mu of the ultraviolet cutoff in the gap equation, which is solved allowing a running coupling constant. The second one is the dependence of the gap on the strange quark mass; using the high density effective theory we perform an expansion in the parameter (m_s/\\mu)^2 after checking that its numerical validity is very good already at first order.

Transport coefficients of strongly interacting matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heckmann, Klaus

2011-01-01

In this thesis, we investigate the dissipative transport phenomena of strongly interacting matter. The special interest is in the shear viscosity and its value divided by entropy density. The performed calculations are based on effective models for Quantum Chromodynamics, mostly focused on the 2-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. This allows us to study the hadronic sector as well as the quark sector within one single model. We expand the models up to next-to-leading order in inverse numbers of colors. We present different possibilities of calculating linear transport coefficients and give an overview over qualitative properties as well as over recent ideas concerning ideal fluids. As present methods are not able to calculate the quark two-point function in Minkowski space-time in the self-consistent approximation scheme of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, a new method for this purpose is developed. This self-energy parametrization method is applied to the expansion scheme, yielding the quark spectral function with meson back-coupling effects. The usage of this spectral function in the transport calculation is only one result of this work. We also test the application of different transport approaches in the NJL model, and find an interesting behavior of the shear viscosity at the critical end point of the phase diagram. We also use the NJL model to calculate the viscosity of a pion gas in the dilute regime. After an analysis of other models for pions and their interaction, we find that the NJL-result leads to an important modification of transport properties in comparison with the calculations which purely rely on pion properties in the vacuum. (orig.)

On the D → K-bar*e+νe form factors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, F.; Ivanov, A.N.; Troitskaya, N.I.

1994-01-01

The infinite mass effective theory, when a heavy quark mass goes to infinity, and chiral perturbation theory at the quark level, based on the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, are applied for the calculation of the D → K-bar * e + ν e decay form factors. The theoretical results agree with experimental data. (author). 16 refs

Oscillations of the static meson fields at finite baryon density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Florkowski, W.; Friman, B.; Technische Hochschule Darmstadt

1996-04-01

The spatial dependence of static meson correlation functions at finite baryon density is studied in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In contrast to the finite temperature case, we find that the correlation functions at finite density are not screened but exhibit long-range oscillations. The observed phenomenon is analogous to the Friedel oscillations in a degenerate electron gas. (orig.)

Collective excitations in a superfluid of color-flavor locked quark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukushima, Kenji; Iida, Kei

2005-01-01

We investigate collective excitations coupled with baryon density in a system of massless three-flavor quarks in the collisionless regime. By using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the mean-field approximation, we field-theoretically derive the spectra both for the normal and color-flavor locked (CFL) superfluid phases at zero temperature. In the normal phase, we obtain usual zero sound as a low-lying collective mode in the particle-hole (vector) channel. In the CFL phase, the nature of collective excitations varies in a way dependent on whether the excitation energy, ω, is larger or smaller than the threshold given by twice the pairing gap Δ, at which pair excitations with nonzero total momentum become allowed to break up into two quasiparticles. For ω H =1/√(3) in the low momentum regime; the decay constant f H obtained in the NJL model is identical with the QCD result obtained in the mean-field approximation. We also find that, as the momentum of the phonon increases, the excitation energy goes up and asymptotically approaches ω=2Δ. Above the threshold for pair excitations (ω>2Δ), zero sound manifests itself in the vector channel. By locating the zero sound pole of the vector propagator in the complex energy plane, we investigate the attenuation and energy dispersion relation of zero sound. In the long wavelength limit, the phonon mode, the only low-lying excitation, has its spectral weight in the H channel alone, while the spectral function vanishes in the vector channel. This is due to nontrivial mixing between the H and vector channels in the superfluid medium. We finally extend our study to the case of nonzero temperature. We demonstrate how Landau damping smears the phonon peak in the finite temperature spectral function. We find a pure imaginary pole of the H propagator in the complex energy plane, which can be identified as a diffusive mode responsible for the Landau damping. From the pole position we derive the thermal diffusion constant

Chiral symmetry restoration and pion properties in a q-deformed NJL model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Timoteo, V.S.; Lima, C.L.

2006-01-01

We review the implementation of a q-deformed fermionic algebra in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). The gap equations obtained from a deformed condensate as well as from the deformation of the NJL Hamiltonian are discussed. The effect of both temperature and deformation in the chiral symmetry restoration process as well as in the pion properties is studied. (author)

Dual chiral density wave in quark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tatsumi, Toshitaka

2002-01-01

We prove that quark matter is unstable for forming a dual chiral density wave above a critical density, within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Presence of a dual chiral density wave leads to a uniform ferromagnetism in quark matter. A similarity with the spin density wave theory in electron gas and the pion condensation theory is also pointed out. (author)

Oscillations of the static meson fields at finite baryon density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Florkowski, W.; Friman, B.; Technische Hochschule Darmstadt

1996-04-01

The spatial dependence of static meson correlation functions at finite baryon density is studied in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In contrast to the finite temperature case, we find that the correlation functions at finite density are not screened but exhibit long-range oscillations. The observed phenomenon is analogous to the Friedel oscillations in a degenerate electron gas. (author). 19 refs, 6 figs

Comment on critical instability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, S.F.; Suzuki, Mahiko

1992-01-01

We discuss the problem of the mass splitting between top and bottom quarks, within the context of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type models involving top and bottom quark condensates. We interpret the phenomenon of 'critical instability' recently proposed to account for such a mass splitting as the fine-tuning of two vacuum expectation values in a composite two-Higgs doublet model. (orig.)

Quark fragmentation functions in NJL-jet model

Science.gov (United States)

Bentz, Wolfgang; Matevosyan, Hrayr; Thomas, Anthony

2014-09-01

We report on our studies of quark fragmentation functions in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) - jet model. The results of Monte-Carlo simulations for the fragmentation functions to mesons and nucleons, as well as to pion and kaon pairs (dihadron fragmentation functions) are presented. The important role of intermediate vector meson resonances for those semi-inclusive deep inelastic production processes is emphasized. Our studies are very relevant for the extraction of transverse momentum dependent quark distribution functions from measured scattering cross sections. We report on our studies of quark fragmentation functions in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) - jet model. The results of Monte-Carlo simulations for the fragmentation functions to mesons and nucleons, as well as to pion and kaon pairs (dihadron fragmentation functions) are presented. The important role of intermediate vector meson resonances for those semi-inclusive deep inelastic production processes is emphasized. Our studies are very relevant for the extraction of transverse momentum dependent quark distribution functions from measured scattering cross sections. Supported by Grant in Aid for Scientific Research, Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Project No. 20168769.

Dynamically broken gauge model without fundamental scalar fields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Snyderman, N. J.; Guralnik, G. S.

1976-01-01

It is shown that the structure that must be generated by dynamical symmetry breaking solutions to gauge theories can be explicitly implemented with a 4-fermion interaction. This structure arises in order to obtain consistency with the constraints imposed by a Goldstone commutator proportional to (anti psi psi). One demonstrates these ideas within the context of axial electrodynamics, dynamically breaking chiral symmetry. As a pre-requisite it is shown how the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model becomes renormalizable with respect to a systematic approximation scheme that respects the Goldstone commutator of dynamically broken chiral symmetry to each order of approximation. (This approximation scheme is equivalent to a l/N expansion, where N is set to unity at the end of the calculations). This solution generates new interactions not explicitly present in the original Lagrangian and does not have a 4-fermion contact interaction. The renormalized Green's functions are shown to correspond to those of the sigma-model, summed as though the fermions had N components, and for which lambda/sub 0/ = 2g/sub 0//sup 2/. This correspondence is exact except for the possibility that the renormalized coupling of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model may be a determined number.

Dynamically broken gauge model without fundamental scalar fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Snyderman, N.J.; Guralnik, G.S.

1976-01-01

It is shown that the structure that must be generated by dynamical symmetry breaking solutions to gauge theories can be explicitly implemented with a 4-fermion interaction. This structure arises in order to obtain consistency with the constraints imposed by a Goldstone commutator proportional to [anti psi psi]. One demonstrates these ideas within the context of axial electrodynamics, dynamically breaking chiral symmetry. As a pre-requisite it is shown how the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model becomes renormalizable with respect to a systematic approximation scheme that respects the Goldstone commutator of dynamically broken chiral symmetry to each order of approximation. (This approximation scheme is equivalent to a l/N expansion, where N is set to unity at the end of the calculations). This solution generates new interactions not explicitly present in the original Lagrangian and does not have a 4-fermion contact interaction. The renormalized Green's functions are shown to correspond to those of the sigma-model, summed as though the fermions had N components, and for which lambda 0 = 2g 0 2 . This correspondence is exact except for the possibility that the renormalized coupling of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model may be a determined number

Quark confinement in a constituent quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langfeld, K.; Rho, M.

1995-01-01

On the level of an effective quark theory, we define confinement by the absence of quark anti-quark thresholds in correlation function. We then propose a confining Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type model. The confinement is implemented in analogy to Anderson localization in condensed matter systems. We study the model's phase structure as well as its behavior under extreme conditions, i.e. high temperature and/or high density

Relativistic Faddeev description of baryons and nucleon structure function in the NJL model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bentz, W.; Mineo, H.; Asami, H.; Yazaki, K

2000-05-08

In this work we use the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model as an effective quark theory based on QCD to describe the structure of baryons. Based on the solutions of the relativistic 3-quark Faddeev equation in the ladder approximation, we discuss the masses of the nucleon and the delta, the static properties of the nucleon, and the quark light cone momentum distributions in the nucleon.

Dynamical CP violation of the generalized Yang-Mills model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Dianfu; Chang Xiaojing; Sun Xiaoyu

2011-01-01

Starting from the generalized Yang-Mills model which contains, besides the vector part V μ , also a scalar part S and a pseudoscalar part P . It is shown, in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, that CP violation can be realized dynamically. The combination of the generalized Yang-Mills model and the NJL mechanism provides a new way to explain CP violation. (authors)

Axial vector diquark correlations in the nucleon: structure functions and static properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mineo, H. E-mail: mineo@nt.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Bentz, W.; Ishii, N.; Yazaki, K

2002-06-03

In order to extract information on the strength of quark-quark correlations in the axial vector (a.v.) diquark channel (J{sup P}=1{sup +},T=1), we analyze the quark light cone momentum distributions in the nucleon, in particular their flavor dependencies, and the static properties of the nucleon. To construct the nucleon as a relativistic 3-quark bound state, we use a simple 'static' approximation to the full Faddeev equation in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, including correlations in the scalar (J{sup P}=0{sup +},T=0) and a.v. diquark channels. It is shown that the a.v. diquark correlations should be rather weak compared to the scalar ones. From our analysis we extract information on the strength of the correlations as well as on the probability of the a.v. diquark channel.

Taking off the square root of Nambu-Goto action and obtaining Filippov-Lie algebra gauge theory action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Jeong-Hyuck; Sochichiu, Corneliu

2009-01-01

We propose a novel prescription to take off the square root of the Nambu-Goto action for a p-brane, which generalizes the Brink-Di Vecchia-Howe-Tucker, also known as the Polyakov method. With an arbitrary decomposition, d+n=p+1, our resulting action is a modified d-dimensional Polyakov action, which is gauged and possesses a Nambu n-bracket squared potential. We first spell out how the (p+1)-dimensional diffeomorphism is realized in the lower dimensional action. Then we discuss a possible gauge fixing of it to a direct product of d-dimensional diffeomorphism and n-dimensional volume preserving diffeomorphism. We show that the latter naturally leads to a novel Filippov-Lie n-algebra based gauge theory action in d dimensions. (orig.)

How neutron stars constrain the nuclear equation of state

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hell Thomas

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Recent neutron star observations set new constraints for the equation of state of baryonic matter. A chiral effective field theory approach is used for the description of neutron-dominated nuclear matter present in the outer core of neutron stars. Possible hybrid stars with quark matter in the inner core are discussed using a three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model.

Baryons as solitonic solutions of the chiral sigma model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bentz, W.; Hartmann, J.; Beck, F.

1996-01-01

Self-consistent solitonic solutions with baryon number one are obtained in the chiral quark sigma model. The translational invariant vacuum is stabilized by a Landau ghost subtraction procedure based on the requirement of the Kaellacute en-Lehmann (KL) representation for the meson propagators. The connection of this ghost free model (KL model) to the more popular Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is discussed in detail. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

Chiral symmetry and the charge asymmetry of the s bar s distribution in a proton

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burkardt, M.

1991-05-01

Based on a simple K-cloud model, as well as the Gross-Neveu and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, it is predicted that the s bar s sea in a proton is not charge symmetric at large Bjorken-x. The s quarks are shifted to larger values of x bj than the bar s quarks. Furthermore these large x bj s quarks carry a negative polarization. 9 refs., 2 figs

Inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking in isospin-asymmetric strong-interaction matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nowakowski, Daniel

2017-07-01

In this thesis we investigate the effects of an isospin asymmetry on inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking phases, which are characterized by spatially modulated quarkantiquark condensates. In order to determine the relevance of such phases for the phase diagram of strong-interaction matter, a two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is used to study the properties of the ground state of the system. Confirming the presence of inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking in isospin-asymmetric matter for a simple Chiral Density Wave, we generalize the modulation of the quark-antiquark pairs to more complicated shapes and study the effects of different degrees of flavor-mixing on the inhomogeneous phase at non-zero isospin asymmetry. Then, we investigate the occurrence of crystalline chiral symmetry breaking phases in charge-neutral matter, from which we determine the influence of crystalline phases on a quark star by calculating mass-radius sequences. Finally, our model is extended through color-superconducting phases and we study the interplay of these phases with inhomogeneous chiral-symmetry breaking at non-vanishing isospin asymmetry, before we discuss our findings.

Fierz-complete NJL model study: Fixed points and phase structure at finite temperature and density

Science.gov (United States)

Braun, Jens; Leonhardt, Marc; Pospiech, Martin

2017-10-01

Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type models are frequently employed as low-energy models in various research fields. With respect to the theory of the strong interaction, this class of models is indeed often used to analyze the structure of the phase diagram at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. The predictions from such models for the phase structure at finite quark chemical potential are of particular interest as this regime is difficult to access with lattice Monte Carlo approaches. In this work, we consider a Fierz-complete version of a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. By studying its renormalization group flow, we analyze in detail how Fierz-incomplete approximations affect the predictive power of such model studies. In particular, we investigate the curvature of the phase boundary at small chemical potential, the critical value of the chemical potential above which no spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs, and the possible interpretation of the underlying dynamics in terms of difermion-type degrees of freedom. We find that the inclusion of four-fermion channels other than the conventional scalar-pseudoscalar channel is not only important at large chemical potential but also leaves a significant imprint on the dynamics at small chemical potential as measured by the curvature of the finite-temperature phase boundary.

Chiral symmetry and quark-antiquark pair creation in a strong color-electromagnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suganuma, Hideo; Tatsumi, Toshitaka.

1993-01-01

We study the manifestation of chiral symmetry and q-q-bar pair creation in the presence of the external color-electromagnetic field, using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We derive the compact formulae of the effective potential, the Dyson equation for the dynamical quark mass and the q-q-bar pair creation rate in the covariantly constant color-electromagnetic field. Our results are compared with those in other approaches. The chiral-symmetry restoration takes place by a strong color-electric field, and the rapid reduction of the dynamical quark mass is found around the critical field strength, ε cr ≅4GeV/fm. Natural extension to the three-flavor case including s-quarks is also done. Around quarks or antiquarks, chiral symmetry would be restored by the sufficiently strong color-electric field, which may lead to the chiral bag picture of hadrons. For the early stage for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the possibility of the chiral-symmetry restoration is indicated in the central region just after the collisions. (author)

Singular charge density at the center of the pion?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, Gerald A.

2009-01-01

We relate the three-dimensional infinite momentum frame spatial charge density of the pion to its electromagnetic form factor F π (Q 2 ). Diverse treatments of the measured form factor data including phenomenological fits, nonrelativistic quark models, the application of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), QCD sum rules, holographic QCD, and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model all lead to the result that the charge density at the center of the pion has a logarithmic divergence. Relativistic constituent quark models do not display this singularity. Future measurements planned for larger values of Q 2 may determine whether or not a singularity actually occurs.

An Effective Chiral Meson Lagrangian at O(p6) from the NJL Model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bel'kov, A.A.; Lanev, A.V.; Schaale, A.; Scherer, S.; Mainz Univ.

1994-01-01

In this work we present a strong chiral meson Lagrangian up to and including O(p 6 ) in the momentum expansion. It is derived from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model using the heat-kernel method. Identities related to the properties of covariant derivatives of the chiral matrix U as well as field transformations have been used to predict the chiral coefficients of a minimal set of linearly independent terms. 16 refs

Constituent quarks in nuclear matter and the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lutz, M.; Lee, H.K.; Weise, W.

1991-01-01

We investigate the density dependence of the neutron-proton mass difference using the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model in combination with the Isgur-Karl constituent quark model. The decrease of the constituent quark masses with increasing density reduces the n-p mass difference in the proper way to help resolving the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly. We point out however, that in the presence of vector interactions, this effect is less pronounced than previously suggested. (orig.)

QCD bound states at finite temperature and baryon number

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalinovsky, Yu.L.; Muenchow, L.

1991-04-01

Quark-antiquark bound states are described within the Bethe-Salpeter equation for a class of quark models with instantaneous 4-quark interaction at finite temperature. Thereby decompositions of the Bethe-Salpeter vertex and wave functions according to their Lorentz structures and the particles content are used. As an application of general scheme, we determine the mass spectrum of low-lying mesons for a special Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model inspired by QCD for hadrons. (orig.)

Relativistic Many-Body Hamiltonian Approach to Mesons

OpenAIRE

Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.; Cotanch, Stephen R.

2001-01-01

We represent QCD at the hadronic scale by means of an effective Hamiltonian, $H$, formulated in the Coulomb gauge. As in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, chiral symmetry is explicity broken, however our approach is renormalizable and also includes confinement through a linear potential with slope specified by lattice gauge theory. This interaction generates an infrared integrable singularity and we detail the computationally intensive procedure necessary for numerical solution. We focus upon app...

Chiral symmetry breaking in d=3 NJL model in external gravitational and magnetic fields

OpenAIRE

Gitman, D. M.; Odintsov, S. D.; Shil'nov, Yu. I.

1996-01-01

The phase structure of $d=3$ Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in curved spacetime with magnetic field is investigated in the leading order of the $1/N$-expansion and in linear curvature approximation (an external magnetic field is treated exactly). The possibility of the chiral symmetry breaking under the combined action of the external gravitational and magnetic fields is shown explicitly. At some circumstances the chiral symmetry may be restored due to the compensation of the magnetic field by the ...

Nucleon quark distributions in a covariant quark-diquark model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cloet, I.C. [Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter and Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 (Australia) and Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)]. E-mail: icloet@physics.adelaide.edu.au; Bentz, W. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)]. E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Thomas, A.W. [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)]. E-mail: awthomas@jlab.org

2005-08-18

Spin-dependent and spin-independent quark light-cone momentum distributions and structure functions are calculated for the nucleon. We utilize a modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in which confinement is simulated by eliminating unphysical thresholds for nucleon decay into quarks. The nucleon bound state is obtained by solving the Faddeev equation in the quark-diquark approximation, where both scalar and axial-vector diquark channels are included. We find excellent agreement between our model results and empirical data.

Phase transition from nuclear matter to color superconducting quark matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bentz, W. E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Horikawa, T.; Ishii, N.; Thomas, A.W

2003-06-02

We construct the nuclear and quark matter equations of state at zero temperature in an effective quark theory (the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model), and discuss the phase transition between them. The nuclear matter equation of state is based on the quark-diquark description of the single nucleon, while the quark matter equation of state includes the effects of scalar diquark condensation (color superconductivity). The effect of diquark condensation on the phase transition is discussed in detail.

Fluctuations and the Phase Transition in a Chiral Model with Polyakov Loops%引入Polyakov环路的手征模型中的涨落与相变

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2007-01-01

We explore the NJL model with Polyakov loops for a system of three colors and two flavors within the mean-field approximation, where both chiral symmetry and confinement are taken into account. We focus on the phase structure of the model and study the chiral and Polyakov loop susceptibilities.

2d Model Field Theories at Finite Temperature and Density

OpenAIRE

Schoen, Verena; Thies, Michael

2000-01-01

In certain 1+1 dimensional field theoretic toy models, one can go all the way from microscopic quarks via the hadron spectrum to the properties of hot and dense baryonic matter in an essentially analytic way. This "miracle" is illustrated through case studies of two popular large N models, the Gross-Neveu and the 't Hooft model - caricatures of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and real QCD, respectively. The main emphasis will be on aspects related to spontaneous symmetry breaking (discrete or co...

Polarized quark distributions in bound nucleon and polarized EMC effect in Thermodynamical Bag Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ganesamurthy, Kuppusamy, E-mail: udckgm@sify.co [Research Department of Physics, Urumu Dhanalakshmi College, Trichy 620019 (India); Sambasivam, Raghavan, E-mail: udcsam@sify.co [Research Department of Physics, Urumu Dhanalakshmi College, Trichy 620019 (India)

2011-04-15

The polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) and nuclear structure functions are evaluated by the phenomenological Thermodynamical Bag Model for nuclear media {sup 7}Li and {sup 27}Al. The Fermi statistical distribution function which includes the spin degree of freedom is used in this statistical model. We predict a sizeable polarized EMC effect. The results of quark spin sum and axial coupling constant of bound nucleons are compared with theoretical predictions of modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model by Bentz et al.

Large N dynamics in QED in a magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gusynin, V.P.; Miransky, V.A.; Shovkovy, I.A.

2003-01-01

The expression for the dynamical mass of fermions in QED in a magnetic field is obtained for a large number of the fermion flavor N in the framework of 1/N expansion. The existence of a threshold value N thr , dividing the theories with essentially different dynamics, is established. For the number of flavors N thr , the dynamical mass is very sensitive to the value of the coupling constant α b , related to the magnetic scale μ=√(vertical bar eB vertical bar). For N of the order of N thr or larger, a dynamics similar to that in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a cutoff of the order of √(vertical bar eB vertical bar) and the dimensional coupling constant G∼1/(N vertical bar eB vertical bar) takes place. In this case, the value of the dynamical mass is essentially α b independent (the dynamics with an infrared stable fixed point). The value of N thr separates a weak coupling dynamics (with α-tilde b ≡Nα b b > or approx. 1) and is of the order of 1/α b

QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with quark and gluon condensates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1991-01-01

We present a systematic study of the role of the nonperturbative gluon condensate arising in a QCD-motivated NJL model. The effects of the gluon condensate on induced meson couplings, the pion decay constant, quark condensate and mass formulae are investigated. An interesting result is the change of the scale Λ of chiral symmetry breaking and of the universal four-quark coupling κ. (orig.)

The quark and gluon condensates in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1991-10-01

Systematic study of the role of the nonperturbative gluon condensate arising in a QCD motivated NJL model is presented. The effects of the gluon condensate on meson coupling constants, the pion decay constant, quark condensate and mass formulae are investigated. An interesting result is the decrease of the scale Λ of chiral symmetry breaking. (author). 21 refs

Neutrino emissivity in the quark-hadron mixed phase of neutron stars

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spinella, William M. [Computational Science Research Center San Diego State University, San Diego, CA (United States); San Diego State University, Department of Physics, San Diego, CA (United States); Weber, Fridolin [San Diego State University, Department of Physics, San Diego, CA (United States); University of California San Diego, Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, La Jolla, CA (United States); Contrera, Gustavo A. [CONICET, Buenos Aires (Argentina); CONICET - Dept. de Fisica, UNLP, IFLP, La Plata (Argentina); Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Grupo de Gravitacion, Astrofisica y Cosmologia, Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, La Plata (Argentina); Orsaria, Milva G. [CONICET, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Grupo de Gravitacion, Astrofisica y Cosmologia, Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, La Plata (Argentina)

2016-03-15

Numerous theoretical studies using various equation of state models have shown that quark matter may exist at the extreme densities in the cores of high-mass neutron stars. It has also been shown that a phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter would result in an extended mixed phase region that would segregate phases by net charge to minimize the total energy of the phase, leading to the formation of a crystalline lattice. The existence of quark matter in the core of a neutron star may have significant consequences for its thermal evolution, which for thousands of years is facilitated primarily by neutrino emission. In this work we investigate the effect a crystalline quark-hadron mixed phase can have on the neutrino emissivity from the core. To this end we calculate the equation of state using the relativistic mean-field approximation to model hadronic matter and a nonlocal extension of the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for quark matter. Next we determine the extent of the quark-hadron mixed phase and its crystalline structure using the Glendenning construction, allowing for the formation of spherical blob, rod, and slab rare phase geometries. Finally we calculate the neutrino emissivity due to electron-lattice interactions utilizing the formalism developed for the analogous process in neutron star crusts. We find that the contribution to the neutrino emissivity due to the presence of a crystalline quark-hadron mixed phase is substantial compared to other mechanisms at fairly low temperatures (

The Poisson algebra of the invariant charges of the Nambu-Goto theory: Casimir elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pohlmeyer, K.

1988-01-01

The reparametrization invariant ''non-local'' conserved charges of the Nambu-Goto theory form an algebra under Poisson bracket operation. The center of the formal closure of this algebra is determined. The relation of the central elements to the constraints of the Nambu-Goto theory is clarified. (orig.)

On the form factors of the D+s → φ μ+ υμ decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, F.; Ivanov, A.N.; Troitskaya, N.I.

1995-05-01

We apply the infinite mass effective theory, when a heavy quark mass tends to infinity, and Chiral perturbation theory at the quark level, based on the extended Nambu - Jona - Lasinio model with linear realization of chiral U(3) x U(3) symmetry, to calculate the form factors of the D + s → φ μ + υ μ decay up to the first order in current s - quark mass. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement. (author). 12 refs

Hirschegg '95: Dynamical properties of hadrons in nuclear matter. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldmeier, H.; Noerenberg, W.

1995-01-01

The following topics were dealt with: Chiral symmetry, chiral condensates, in-medium effective chiral Lagrangians, Δ's in nuclei, nonperturbative QCD, electron scattering from nuclear matter, nuclear shadowing, QCD sum rules, deconfinement, ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, nuclear dimuon and electron pair production, photoproduction from nuclei, subthreshold K + production, kaon polarization in nuclear matter, charged pion production in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, the SU(3) L xSU(3) R sigma model, nonequilibrium dense nuclear matter, pion pair production at finite temperature. (HSI)

Goldstone bosons in a crystalline chiral phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schramm, Marco

2017-01-01

The phase diagram of strong interaction matter is expected to exhibit a rich structure. Different models have shown, that crystalline phases with a spatially varying chiral condensate can occur in the regime of low temperatures and moderate densities, where they replace the first-order phase transition found for spatially constant order parameters. We investigate this inhomogeneous phase, where in addition to the chiral symmetry, translational and rotational symmetry are broken as well, in a two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The main goal of this work is to describe the Goldstone bosons in this phase, massless excitations that occur for spontaneously broken symmetries. We take one of the simplest possible modulations, the chiral density wave, and show how to derive the quark propagator of the theory analytically, by means of transformations in chiral and momentum space. We apply this to a test case for the gap equation. We show the derivation of Nambu-Goldstone modes in the inhomogeneous phase and find, that for our case only three different modes have to be taken into account. We proceed to calculate the Goldstone boson related to the breaking of spatial symmetry, which can be related to the neutral pion. By evaluating a Bethe-Salpeter equation, we can show, that we have indeed found a Goldstone boson and give its dispersion relation in terms of momenta perpendicular, as well as parallel to the mass modulation.

Goldstone bosons in a crystalline chiral phase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schramm, Marco

2017-07-24

The phase diagram of strong interaction matter is expected to exhibit a rich structure. Different models have shown, that crystalline phases with a spatially varying chiral condensate can occur in the regime of low temperatures and moderate densities, where they replace the first-order phase transition found for spatially constant order parameters. We investigate this inhomogeneous phase, where in addition to the chiral symmetry, translational and rotational symmetry are broken as well, in a two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The main goal of this work is to describe the Goldstone bosons in this phase, massless excitations that occur for spontaneously broken symmetries. We take one of the simplest possible modulations, the chiral density wave, and show how to derive the quark propagator of the theory analytically, by means of transformations in chiral and momentum space. We apply this to a test case for the gap equation. We show the derivation of Nambu-Goldstone modes in the inhomogeneous phase and find, that for our case only three different modes have to be taken into account. We proceed to calculate the Goldstone boson related to the breaking of spatial symmetry, which can be related to the neutral pion. By evaluating a Bethe-Salpeter equation, we can show, that we have indeed found a Goldstone boson and give its dispersion relation in terms of momenta perpendicular, as well as parallel to the mass modulation.

Description of hot compressed hadronic matter based on an effective chiral Lagrangian

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Florkowski, W. [Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow (Poland)

1996-11-01

In this report we give the review of the recent results obtained in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, describing the properties of hot compressed matter. The first large class problems concerns the behaviour of static meson correlation functions. In particular, this includes the investigation of the screening of meson fields at finite temperature or density. Another wide range of problems presented in our report concerns the formulation of the transport theory for the NJL model and its applications to the description of high energy nuclear collision. 86 refs, 35 figs.

Nuclear phenomena derived from quark-gluon strings

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bohr, Henrik; Providencia, Constanca; Providencia, Joao da

2005-01-01

provided that the chiral fields are identified with the two-particle strings, which are natural in a QCD framework. Moreover, the model is able to reconcile qualitatively such aspects of hadronic physics as saturation density and binding energy of nuclear matter, surface density of finite nuclei, mass......, for the occurrence of the phases of nuclear matter. The model exhibits a quark deconfinement transition and chiral restoration, which are ingredients of QCD and give qualitatively correct numerics. The effective model is shown to be isomorphic to the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and exhibits the correct chirality...

Description of hot compressed hadronic matter based on an effective chiral Lagrangian

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Florkowski, W.

1996-11-01

In this report we give the review of the recent results obtained in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, describing the properties of hot compressed matter. The first large class problems concerns the behaviour of static meson correlation functions. In particular, this includes the investigation of the screening of meson fields at finite temperature or density. Another wide range of problems presented in our report concerns the formulation of the transport theory for the NJL model and its applications to the description of high energy nuclear collision. 86 refs, 35 figs

Non-uniform chiral phase in effective chiral quark models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sadzikowski, M.; Broniowski, W.

2000-01-01

We analyze the phase diagram in effective chiral quark models (the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, the σ-model with quarks) and show that at the mean-field level a phase with a periodically-modulated chiral fields separates the usual phases with broken and restored chiral symmetry. A possible signal of such a phase is the production of multipion jets travelling in opposite directions, with individual pions having momenta of the order of several hundred MeV. This signal can be interpreted in terms of disoriented chiral condensates. (author)

A Generalized Yang-Mills Model and Dynamical Breaking of Gauge Symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Dianfu; Song Heshan

2005-01-01

A generalized Yang-Mills model, which contains, besides the vector part V μ , also a scalar part S, is constructed and the dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry in the model is also discussed. It is shown, in terms of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, that the gauge symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the generalized Yang-Mills model. The combination of the generalized Yang-Mills model and the NJL mechanism provides a way to overcome the difficulties related to the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism in the usual spontaneous symmetry breaking theory.

Dynamical Model of QCD Vacuum and Color Thaw at Finite Temperatures

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANG Dian-Fu; SONG He-Shan; MI Dong

2004-01-01

In terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, the dynamical symmetry breaking of a simple localgauge model is investigated. An important relation between the vacuum expectation value of gauge fields and scalarfields is derived by solving the Euler equation for the gauge fields. Based on this relation the SU(3) gauge potential isgiven which can be used to explain the asymptotic freedom and confinement of quarks in a hadron. The confinementbehavior at finite temperatures is also investigated and it is shown that color confinement at zero temperature can bemelted away under high temperatures.

On the stability of matter in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tran Huu Phat; Nguyen Tuan Anh; Le Viet Hoa

2003-01-01

The matter stability in the NJL model at zero temperature and finite density is reconsidered within the framework of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) effective action for composite operators. The numerical calculation in the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation pointed out that for suitably chosen values of the model parameters the thermodynamical potential has a minimum at density k F 0 = 2.3 fm -1 , in the mean while, there is no such minimum in the energy per nucleon and consequently no stable matter. (author)

Top and Higgs masses from dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahana, D.E.

1993-01-01

The standard model of electroweak interactions, with the gauge and Higgs bosons appearing as composites, is derived from a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type four-fermion interaction, assumed to be valid above a high scale μ. Simple relationships are found for the composite boson top quark mass ratios and for the weak angle. Assuming three generations and a 'desert' hypothesis, these relationships are evolved with the full renormalization group down to present experimental energies, yielding predictions for the top quark and Higgs-boson masses, near 155 GeV for the former and near 140 GeV for the latter. In this fashion, fermion-antifermion condensates can be shown to yield a top mass consistent with that indicated from electroweak loop corrections for LEP data. (author) 23 refs

The spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, K.

1980-02-01

It is suggested that the usual path integral representation of Euclidean vacuum amplitude (tunneling amplitude) in QCD must be supplemented by the explicit boundary condition corresponding to the spontaneous breaking of chiral SU(N) x SU(N). Adopting the trial wave function introduced by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio, one sees that such a path integral automatically breaks also the additional chiral U(1) symmetry of massless quarks. The catastrophe of semi-classical approach to QCD and 'U(1) problem' would be avoided in this way and one has, in principle, a better starting point for the self-consistent calculation

Transversity quark distributions in a covariant quark-diquark model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cloet, I.C. [Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439-4843 (United States)], E-mail: icloet@anl.gov; Bentz, W. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)], E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Thomas, A.W. [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States); College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 (United States)], E-mail: awthomas@jlab.org

2008-01-17

Transversity quark light-cone momentum distributions are calculated for the nucleon. We utilize a modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in which confinement is simulated by eliminating unphysical thresholds for nucleon decay into quarks. The nucleon bound state is obtained by solving the relativistic Faddeev equation in the quark-diquark approximation, where both scalar and axial-vector diquark channels are included. Particular attention is paid to comparing our results with the recent experimental extraction of the transversity distributions by Anselmino et al. We also compare our transversity results with earlier spin-independent and helicity quark distributions calculated in the same approach.

Medium modifications of nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horikawa, T. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Bentz, W. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)]. E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp

2005-11-28

We use the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model as an effective quark theory to investigate the medium modifications of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors. By using the equation of state of nuclear matter derived in this model, we discuss the results based on the naive quark-scalar diquark picture, the effects of finite diquark size, and the meson cloud around the constituent quarks. We apply this description to the longitudinal response function for quasielastic electron scattering. RPA correlations, based on the nucleon-nucleon interaction derived in the same model, are also taken into account in the calculation of the response function.

Current s - quark mass corrections to the form factors of D - meson semileptonic decays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, F.; Ivanov, A.N.; Troitskaya, N.I.

1994-11-01

The infinite mass effective theory, when a heavy quark mass tends to infinity, and Chiral perturbation theory at the quark level, based on the extended Nambu - Jona - Lasinio model with linear realization of chiral U(3) x U(3) symmetry, are applied to the calculations of current s - quark mass corrections to the form factors of the D → K-bar e + ν e and D → K-bar * e + ν e decays. These corrections turn out to be quite significant, of the order of 7 - 20%. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data. (author). 17 refs

Effects of a multi-quark interaction on color superconducting phase transition in an extended NJL model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kashiwa, Kouji; Matsuzaki, Masayuki; Kouno, Hiroaki; Yahiro, Masanobu

2007-01-01

We study the interplay of the chiral and the color superconducting phase transition in an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a multi-quark interaction that produces the nonlinear chiral-diquark coupling. We observe that this nonlinear coupling adds up coherently with the ω 2 interaction to either produce the chiral-color superconductivity coexistence phase or cancel each other depending on its sign. We discuss that a large coexistence region in the phase diagram is consistent with the quark-diquark picture for the nucleon whereas its smallness is the prerequisite for the applicability of the Ginzburg-Landau approach

Chiral dynamics and heavy quark symmetry in a solvable toy field-theoretic model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bardeen, W.A.; Hill, C.T.

1994-01-01

We study a solvable QCD-like toy theory, a generalization of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, which implements chiral symmetries of light quarks and heavy quark symmetry. The chiral symmetric and chiral broken phases can be dynamically tuned. This implies a parity-doubled heavy-light meson system, corresponding to a (0 - ,1 - ) multiplet and a (0 + ,1 + ) heavy spin multiplet. Consequently the mass difference of the two multiplets is given by a Goldberger-Treiman relation and g A is found to be small. The Isgur-Wise function ξ(w), the decay constant f B , and other observables are studied

Dynamical Model of QCD Vacuum and Color Thaw at Finite Temperatures

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANGDian-Fu; SONGHe-Shan; MIDong

2004-01-01

In terms of the Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, the dynamical symmetry breaking of a simple local gauge model is investigated. An important relation between the vacuum expectation value of gauge fields and scalar fields is derived by solving the Euler equation for the gauge fields. Based on this relation the SU(3) gauge potential is given which can be used to explain the asymptotic freedom and confinement of quarks in a hadron. The confinement behavior at finite temperatures is also investigated and it is shown that color confinement at zero temperature can be melted away under high temperatures.

A chiral model for excited pions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkov, M.K.; Weiss, C.

1996-01-01

We study radially excited mesons (π', σ') in a simple extension of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a polynomial meson-quark form factor. The form factor is introduced so that the usual form of the NJL gap equation remains unchanged. We derive the effective Lagrangian for π- and π'-mesons which describes the decoupling of the Goldstone pion in the chiral limit in agreement with current algebra. For π' masses in the range of 750 MeV and 1300 MeV f π' /f π is found to be of an order of one per cent. 12 refs

The invariant charges of the Nambu-Goto theory: Their geometric origin and their completeness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pohlmeyer, K.; Rehren, K.H.

1988-01-01

We give an alternative construction of the reparametrization invariant 'non-local' conserved charges of the Nambu-Goto theory which elucidates their geometric nature and their completeness property. (orig.)

The effect of the Polyakov loop on the chiral phase transition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Szép Zs.

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The Polyakov loop is included in the S U(2L × S U(2R chiral quark-meson model by considering the propagation of the constituent quarks, coupled to the (σ, π meson multiplet, on the homogeneous background of a temporal gauge field, diagonal in color space. The model is solved at finite temperature and quark baryon chemical potential both in the chiral limit and for the physical value of the pion mass by using an expansion in the number of flavors Nf. Keeping the fermion propagator at its tree-level, a resummation on the pion propagator is constructed which resums infinitely many orders in 1/Nf, where O(1/Nf represents the order at which the fermions start to contribute in the pion propagator. The influence of the Polyakov loop on the tricritical or the critical point in the µq – T phase diagram is studied for various forms of the Polyakov loop potential.

Effective Field Theories for Hot and Dense Matter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blaschke D.

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The lecture is divided in two parts. The first one deals with an introduction to the physics of hot, dense many-particle systems in quantum field theory [1, 2]. The basics of the path integral approach to the partition function are explained for the example of chiral quark models. The QCD phase diagram is discussed in the meanfield approximation while QCD bound states in the medium are treated in the rainbow-ladder approximation (Gaussian fluctuations. Special emphasis is devoted to the discussion of the Mott effect, i.e. the transition of bound states to unbound, but resonant scattering states in the continnum under the influence of compression and heating of the system. Three examples are given: (1 the QCD model phase diagram with chiral symmetry ¨ restoration and color superconductivity [3], (2 the Schrodinger equation for heavy-quarkonia [4], and (2 Pions [5] as well as Kaons and D-mesons in the finite-temperature Bethe-Salpeter equation [6]. We discuss recent applications of this quantum field theoretical approach to hot and dense quark matter for a description of anomalous J/ψ supression in heavy-ion collisions [7] and for the structure and cooling of compact stars with quark matter interiors [8]. The second part provides a detailed introduction to the Polyakov-loop Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model [9] for thermodynamics and mesonic correlations [10] in the phase diagram of quark matter. Important relationships of low-energy QCD like the Gell-Mann–Oakes–Renner relation are generalized to finite temperatures. The effect of including the coupling to the Polyakov-loop potential on the phase diagram and mesonic correlations is discussed. An outlook is given to effects of nonlocality of the interactions [11] and of mesonic correlations in the medium [12] which go beyond the meanfield description.

Monte Carlo simulations of the NJL model near the nonzero temperature phase transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strouthos, Costas; Christofi, Stavros

2005-01-01

We present results from numerical simulations of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an SU(2)xSU(2) chiral symmetry and N c = 4,8, and 16 quark colors at nonzero temperature. We performed the simulations by utilizing the hybrid Monte Carlo and hybrid Molecular Dynamics algorithms. We show that the model undergoes a second order phase transition. The critical exponents measured are consistent with the classical 3d O(4) universality class and hence in accordance with the dimensional reduction scenario. We also show that the Ginzburg region is suppressed by a factor of 1/N c in accordance with previous analytical predictions. (author)

Quark self-energy beyond the mean field at finite temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhuang, P.

1995-01-01

The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, an effective low-energy model of QCD, is extended to the next to the leading order in the 1/N c expansion at finite temperature and density. The contributions to the quark self-energy and the constituent quark mass from the meson dressing are considered in a perturbative approach about the mean field. In particular, the temperature dependence of the quark mass is shown numerically at zero chemical potential. The correction to the quark mass from the meson dressing amounts to 20% compared to the result of the leading order at low temperature, and rapidly approaches zero at high temperature

Studying medium effects with the optimized δ expansion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krein, G.; Menezes, D.P.; Nielsen, M.; Pinto, M.B.

1995-04-01

The possibility of using the optimized δ expansion for studying medium effects on hadronic properties in quark or nuclear matter is investigated. The δ expansion is employed to study density effects with two commonly used models in hadron and nuclear physics, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and the Walecka model for the equation of state of nuclear matter. The results obtained with the δ expansion are compared to those obtained with the traditional Hartree-Fock approximation. Perspectives for using the δ expansion in other field theoretic models in hadron and nuclear physics are discussed. (author). 17 refs, 9 figs

Studying medium effects with the optimized {delta} expansion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krein, G [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Menezes, D P [Santa Catarina Univ., Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica; Nielsen, M [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Pinto, M B [Montpellier-2 Univ., 34 (France). Lab. de Physique Mathematique

1995-04-01

The possibility of using the optimized {delta} expansion for studying medium effects on hadronic properties in quark or nuclear matter is investigated. The {delta} expansion is employed to study density effects with two commonly used models in hadron and nuclear physics, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and the Walecka model for the equation of state of nuclear matter. The results obtained with the {delta} expansion are compared to those obtained with the traditional Hartree-Fock approximation. Perspectives for using the {delta} expansion in other field theoretic models in hadron and nuclear physics are discussed. (author). 17 refs, 9 figs.

Structure functions from chiral soliton models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weigel, H.; Reinhardt, H.; Gamberg, L.

1997-01-01

We study nucleon structure functions within the bosonized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model where the nucleon emerges as a chiral soliton. We discuss the model predictions on the Gottfried sum rule for electron-nucleon scattering. A comparison with a low-scale parametrization shows that the model reproduces the gross features of the empirical structure functions. We also compute the leading twist contributions of the polarized structure functions g 1 and g 2 in this model. We compare the model predictions on these structure functions with data from the E143 experiment by GLAP evolving them from the scale characteristic for the NJL-model to the scale of the data

Chiral symmetry breaking in a semilocalized magnetic field

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Gaoqing

2018-03-01

In this work, we explore the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking and restoration in a solvable magnetic field configuration within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The special semilocalized static magnetic field can roughly mimic the realistic situation in peripheral heavy ion collisions; thus, the study is important for the dynamical evolution of quark matter. We find that the magnetic-field-dependent contribution from discrete spectra usually dominates over the contribution from continuum spectra and chiral symmetry breaking is locally catalyzed by both the magnitude and scale of the magnetic field. The study is finally extended to the case with finite temperature or chemical potential.

Superconductivity and the existence of Nambu's three-dimensional phase space mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angulo, R.; Gonzalez-Bernardo, C.A.; Rodriguez-Gomez, J.; Kalnay, A.J.; Perez-M, F.; Tello-Llanos, R.A.

1984-01-01

Nambu proposed a generalization of hamiltonian mechanics such that three-dimensional phase space is allowed. Thanks to a recent paper by Holm and Kupershmidt we are able to show the existence of such three-dimensional phase space systems in superconductivity. (orig.)

Nambu-Goldstone mechanism in real-time thermal field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Bangrong

1998-08-01

In a one-generation fermion condensate scheme of electroweak symmetry breaking, it is proven that at finite temperature T below the symmetry restoration temperature T c , a massive Higgs boson and three massless Nambu-Goldstone bosons could emerge from the spontaneous breaking of electroweak group SU L (2)xU Y (1)→U Q (1) if the two fermion flavors in the one generation are mass-degenerate, thus the Goldstone Theorem is rigorously valid in this case. However, if the two fermion flavors have unequal masses, owing to 'thermal fluctuation', the Goldstone Theorem will be true only approximately for a very large momentum cut-off Λ in zero temperature fermion loop or for low energy scales. All possible pinch singularities are proven to cancel each other, as is expected in a real-time thermal field theory. (author)

Quark Deconfinement in Rotating Neutron Stars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard D. Mellinger

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we use a three flavor non-local Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL model, an improved effective model of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD at low energies, to investigate the existence of deconfined quarks in the cores of neutron stars. Particular emphasis is put on the possible existence of quark matter in the cores of rotating neutron stars (pulsars. In contrast to non-rotating neutron stars, whose particle compositions do not change with time (are frozen in, the type and structure of the matter in the cores of rotating neutron stars depends on the spin frequencies of these stars, which opens up a possible new window on the nature of matter deep in the cores of neutron stars. Our study shows that, depending on mass and rotational frequency, up to around 8% of the mass of a massive neutron star may be in the mixed quark-hadron phase, if the phase transition is treated as a Gibbs transition. We also find that the gravitational mass at which quark deconfinement occurs in rotating neutron stars varies quadratically with spin frequency, which can be fitted by a simple formula.

Chiral phase transition of three flavor QCD with nonzero magnetic field using standard staggered fermions

Science.gov (United States)

Tomiya, Akio; Ding, Heng-Tong; Mukherjee, Swagato; Schmidt, Christian; Wang, Xiao-Dan

2018-03-01

Lattice simulations for (2+1)-flavor QCD with external magnetic field demon-strated that the quark mass is one of the important parameters responsible for the (inverse) magnetic catalysis. We discuss the dependences of chiral condensates and susceptibilities, the Polyakov loop on the magnetic field and quark mass in three degenerate flavor QCD. The lattice simulations are performed using standard staggered fermions and the plaquette action with spatial sizes Nσ = 16 and 24 and a fixed temporal size Nτ = 4. The value of the quark masses are chosen such that the system undergoes a first order chiral phase transition and crossover with zero magnetic field. We find that in light mass regime, the quark chiral condensate undergoes magnetic catalysis in the whole temperature region and the phase transition tend to become stronger as the magnetic field increases. In crossover regime, deconfinement transition temperature is shifted by the magnetic field when quark mass ma is less than 0:4. The lattice cutoff effects are also discussed.

Quark distributions in nuclear matter and the EMC effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mineo, H.; Bentz, W. E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Ishii, N.; Thomas, A.W.; Yazaki, K

2004-05-03

Quark light cone momentum distributions in nuclear matter and the structure function of a bound nucleon are investigated in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. This framework describes the nucleon as a relativistic quark-diquark state, and the nuclear matter equation of state by using the mean field approximation. The scalar and vector mean fields in the nuclear medium couple to the quarks in the nucleon and their effect on the spin independent nuclear structure function is investigated in detail. Special emphasis is placed on the important effect of the vector mean field and on a formulation which guarantees the validity of the number and momentum sum rules from the outset.

Maximally Generalized Yang-Mills Model and Dynamical Breaking of Gauge Symmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Dianfu; Song Heshan

2006-01-01

A maximally generalized Yang-Mills model, which contains, besides the vector part V μ , also an axial-vector part A μ , a scalar part S, a pseudoscalar part P, and a tensor part T μν , is constructed and the dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry in the model is also discussed. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, that the gauge symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model. The combination of the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model and the NJL mechanism provides a way to overcome the difficulties related to the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism in the usual spontaneous symmetry breaking theory.

Critical constraints on chiral hierarchies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chivukula, R.S.; Golden, M.; Simmons, E.H.

1993-01-01

Critical dynamics constrains models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking in which the scale of high-energy physics is far above 1 TeV. A big hierarchy requires the high-energy theory to have a second-order chiral phase transition, near which the theory is described by a low-energy effective Lagrangian with composite ''Higgs'' scalars. As scalar theories with more than one Φ 4 coupling can have a Coleman-Weinberg instability and a first-order transition, such dynamical EWSB models cannot always support a large hierarchy. If the large-N c Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is a good approximation to the top-condensate and strong extended technicolor models, they will not produce acceptable EWSB

Gluon condensation and modelling of quark confinement in QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bel'kov, A.A.; Ebert, D.; Emel'yanenko, A.V.

1992-01-01

The possibility of modelling of a quark propagator without poles realizing quark confinement is considered on the basis of a nonperturbative gluon propagator including gluon condensation and a dynamical gluon mass. The property of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is retained providing us with a reasonable pattern of low-lying meson properties. 2 figs.; 1 tab

Neutrino mass generation and leptogenesis via pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Higgs portal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alanne, Tommi; Meroni, Aurora; Tuominen, Kimmo

2017-01-01

We consider an extension of the Standard Model with the global symmetry-breaking pattern SO(5)/SO(4), where the Higgs boson arises as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. The scalar content of the theory consists of a Standard-Model-like Higgs field and an extra real scalar field. The flavor sector...

Neutron-proton mass difference in a baryonic medium and the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiolhais, M.; Christov, C.; Neuber, T.; Bergmann, M.; Goeke, K.

1991-01-01

The neutron-proton mass difference ΔM np = M n - M p in a baryonic medium is evaluated in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is demonstrated that ΔM np (ρ) increases with increasing medium density, ρ, a trend being opposite to the one required to explain the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly as suggested by Henley and Krein. In the same conceptual framework the quantity M n (ρ n ) - M p (ρ p ) is evaluated which takes into account that the valence orbits of the proton and the neutron are different. The calculations show that this quantity goes into the right direction, but the effect is an order of magnitude larger than needed to explain the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly. (orig.)

Vector mesons on the light front

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naito, K.; Maedan, S.; Itakura, K.

2004-01-01

We apply the light-front quantization to the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the vector interaction, and compute vector meson's mass and light-cone wavefunction in the large N limit. Following the same procedure as in the previous analyses for scalar and pseudo-scalar mesons, we derive the bound-state equations of a qq-bar system in the vector channel. We include the lowest order effects of the vector interaction. The resulting transverse and longitudinal components of the bound-state equation look different from each other. But eventually after imposing an appropriate cutoff, one finds these two are identical, giving the same mass and the same (spin-independent) light-cone wavefunction. Mass of the vector meson decreases as one increases the strength of the vector interaction

A new mass relation among the hadron vector resonances

CERN Document Server

Chizhov, M.V.

2001-01-01

We show that the hadron vector resonances are described by fields transforming according to different inequivalent representations of the Lorentz group: (1/2,1/2) and (1,0)+(0,1). The vector representation (1/2,1/2) is well studied and corresponds to the gauge fields. On the other hand, the chiral representations (1,0) and (0,1) are described by the second rank antisymmetric tensor fields, for which interaction theory has not yet been constructed. In the framework of the phenomenological Nambu - Jona-Lasinio approach we have introduced and used all these fields for a description of the vector resonances. A new mass relation between low-lying hadron vector and axial-vector resonances is obtained. This relation is in agreement with the present experimental data.

e +e- modes and U(1) spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steininger, K.

1992-01-01

In this paper, motivated by evidence for a chiral phase transition in strong coupling lattice QED, the authors calculate the two-particle spectrum of the broken QED phase. This is done in the framework of a Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model with U(1) symmetry including chiral symmetry and symmetry breaking properties of QED. The second order chiral phase transition behavior in our model and in lattice QED are in excellent agreement. The authors then present a detailed analysis of the spectra of the e + e - modes in the broken phase. The authors examine whether these modes have any possible relationship to the narrow e + e - resonances found in soft heavy ion collisions at GSL. The authors' answer is negative

EMC and polarized EMC effects in nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cloet, I.C. [Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter and Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 (Australia); Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)]. E-mail: icloet@jlab.org; Bentz, W. [Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)]. E-mail: bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Thomas, A.W. [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)]. E-mail: awthomas@jlab.org

2006-11-09

We determine nuclear structure functions and quark distributions for {sup 7}Li, {sup 11}B, {sup 15}N and {sup 27}Al. For the nucleon bound state we solve the covariant quark-diquark equations in a confining Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which yields excellent results for the free nucleon structure functions. The nucleus is described using a relativistic shell model, including mean scalar and vector fields that couple to the quarks in the nucleon. The nuclear structure functions are then obtained as a convolution of the structure function of the bound nucleon with the light-cone nucleon distributions. We find that we are readily able to reproduce the EMC effect in finite nuclei and confirm earlier nuclear matter studies that found a large polarized EMC effect.

Interplay between chiral symmetry breaking and color superconductivity in dense quark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitazawa, Masakiyo

2003-01-01

We investigate the QCD phase diagram in finite temperature and density in a simple Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the vector interaction. It is shown that the repulsive density-density interaction coming from the vector term enhances competition between the chiral symmetry breaking (χSB) and color superconducting (CSC) phase transition: When the vector coupling is increased, the first order transition between the χSB and CSC phase becomes weaker, and the coexisting phase in which both the chiral and color-gauge symmetries are dynamically broken comes to exist in a wider region in the T-μ plane. We find that the critical line of the first order transition can have two endpoints for an intermediate range of the vector coupling. (author)

Fuzzy bags, Polyakov loop and gauge/string duality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zuo Fen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Confinement in SU(N gauge theory is due to the linear potential between colored objects. At short distances, the linear contribution could be considered as the quadratic correction to the leading Coulomb term. Recent lattice data show that such quadratic corrections also appear in the deconfined phase, in both the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop. These contributions are studied systematically employing the gauge/string duality. “Confinement” in N${\\cal N}$ = 4 SU(N Super Yang-Mills (SYM theory could be achieved kinematically when the theory is defined on a compact space manifold. In the large-N limit, deconfinement of N${\\cal N}$ = 4 SYM on S3${{\\Bbb S}^3}$ at strong coupling is dual to the Hawking-Page phase transition in the global Anti-de Sitter spacetime. Meantime, all the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop achieve significant quadratic contributions. Similar results can also be obtained at weak coupling. However, when confinement is induced dynamically through the local dilaton field in the gravity-dilaton system, these contributions can not be generated consistently. This is in accordance with the fact that there is no dimension-2 gauge-invariant operator in the boundary gauge theory. Based on these results, we suspect that quadratic corrections, and also confinement, should be due to global or non-local effects in the bulk spacetime.

Subquark model of leptons and quarks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terazawa, Hidezumi.

1979-09-01

1) First, various subquark models so far proposed are briefly reviewed. Classifications of leptons and quarks in the models and their comparison are made. Our spinor-subquark model of leptons and quarks in which leptons and quarks are made of three subquarks of spin 1/2 is discussed in detail. 2) The possibility that guage bosons and Higgs scalars are also made of a subquark-antisubquark pair is discussed. 3) Exotic states of subquarks such as leptons and quarks of spin 3/2, exotic fermions, and exotic bosons are predicted in our model. 4) Subquark currents and their algebra are proposed. 5) Two unified subquark models of strong and electroweak interactions are discussed. The one is a gauge model and the other is a model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type. 6) A subquark model of gravity and its supergrand unification is proposed. 7) An finally, a speculation is made on ''color-space correspondence''. (author)

Some aspects of pion physics in the Nambu- and Jona-Lasinio model and chiral Lagrangians

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tegen, R.

1994-03-01

I discuss here to what extent the original two-flavour NJL model (which has a minimal number of adjustable parameters) reproduces pion observables. In particular, the sensitivity of the recently calculated electromagnetic mass shift to these NJL parameters is pointed out and a new way to fix them is suggested. A new set of O(1/N c ) diagrams, which are the first meson loop corrections to the RPA, is presented and its effect on the pionic Goldstone mode, its electromagnetic form factor, weak decay constant, and on the constituent quark mass m is discusseed. The relation of these NJL model results to some other chiral Lagrangians is pointed out, where ever possible. The here presented higher order diagrams indicate how one could systematically generate the next-order diagrams. It is, however, questionable whether the simplistic but mathematically manageable contact interaction of the NJL model should be maintained also in these higher order diagrams. (orig.)

On the Flavor Structure of Natural Composite Higgs Models & Top Flavor Violation

CERN Document Server

Azatov, Aleksandr; Perez, Gilad; Soreq, Yotam

2014-01-01

We explore the up flavor structure of composite pseudo Nambu-Goldstone-boson Higgs models, where we focus on the flavor anarchic minimal $SO(5)$ case. We identify the different sources of flavor violation in this framework and emphasise the differences from the anarchic Randall-Sundrum scenario. In particular, the fact that the flavor symmetry does not commute with the symmetries that stabilize the Higgs potential may constrain the flavor structure of the theory. In addition, we consider the interplay between the fine tuning of the model and flavor violation. We find that generically the tuning of this class of models is worsen in the anarchic case due to the contributions from the additional fermion resonances. We show that, even in the presence of custodial symmetry, large top flavor violating rate are naturally expected. In particular, $t\\to cZ$ branching ratio of order of $10^{-5}$ is generic for this class of models. Thus, this framework can be tested in the next run of the LHC as well as in other future...

The effect of dynamical quark mass on the calculation of a strange quark star's structure

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Gholam Hossein Bordbar; Babak Ziaei

2012-01-01

We discuss the dynamical behavior of strange quark matter components,in particular the effects of density dependent quark mass on the equation of state of strange quark matter.The dynamical masses of quarks are computed within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model,then we perform strange quark matter calculations employing the MIT bag model with these dynamical masses.For the sake of comparing dynamical mass interaction with QCD quark-quark interaction,we consider the one-gluon-exchange term as the effective interaction between quarks for the MIT bag model.Our dynamical approach illustrates an improvement in the obtained equation of state values.We also investigate the structure of the strange quark star using TolmanOppenheimer-Volkoff equations for all applied models.Our results show that dynamical mass interaction leads to lower values for gravitational mass.

Collective three-flavor oscillations of supernova neutrinos

Science.gov (United States)

Dasgupta, Basudeb; Dighe, Amol

2008-06-01

Neutrinos and antineutrinos emitted from a core collapse supernova interact among themselves, giving rise to collective flavor conversion effects that are significant near the neutrinosphere. We develop a formalism to analyze these collective effects in the complete three-flavor framework. It naturally generalizes the spin-precession analogy to three flavors and is capable of analytically describing phenomena like vacuum/Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) oscillations, synchronized oscillations, bipolar oscillations, and spectral split. Using the formalism, we demonstrate that the flavor conversions may be “factorized” into two-flavor oscillations with hierarchical frequencies. We explicitly show how the three-flavor solution may be constructed by combining two-flavor solutions. For a typical supernova density profile, we identify an approximate separation of regions where distinctly different flavor conversion mechanisms operate, and demonstrate the interplay between collective and MSW effects. We pictorialize our results in terms of the “e3-e8 triangle” diagram, which is a tool that can be used to visualize three-neutrino flavor conversions in general, and offers insights into the analysis of the collective effects in particular.

[Hans Jonas: Nature Conservation, Conservation of Life].

Science.gov (United States)

Burgui Burgui, Mario

2015-01-01

This article discusses three of the problems that the German philosopher Hans Jonas studied. The first one addresses the need for a specific ethic dedicated to the moral dimension of environmental problems, from a different perspective to the traditional. The second problem is crucial in the discussion on environmental ethics: the value of the nature. Does the nature have an intrinsic value or an instrumental value only (to satisfy the interests of the human being)? The thesis of Jonas, which claimed that nature is a good in itself, were further elaborated here. And the third problem is the derivation of moral norms and the role of man in this ethic that recognizes a good in itself in nature. According to Jonas, the human being is not diminished by recognizing the intrinsic value of nature, since the man's uniqueness and value are unquestionable. From these three central issues, the paper highlights the importance of seeking the links between bioethics and environmental ethics to address the current environmental, social and economic crisis.

Polyakov's quantized string with boundary terms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durhuus, B.; Olesen, P.; Petersen, J.L.

1981-11-01

The authors compute the boundary terms needed in Polyakov's method for calculating averages of functionals defined on surfaces. The method used is due to Seeley, who found recursive relations yielding the boundary terms. These relations are solved for a general second order elliptic differential operator. This solution is then applied to Polyakov's problem. (Auth.)

Dual realizations of dynamical symmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dudas, Emilian; Papineau, Chloe

2006-01-01

We show the infrared equivalence between a recently proposed model containing a six dimensional scalar field with a four-dimensional localized Higgs type potential and the four-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. In the dual NJL description, the fermions are localized at the origin of a large two-dimensional compact space. Due to a classical running effect above the compactification scale, the four-fermion coupling of the NJL model increases from the cutoff scale down to the compactification scale, providing the large Fermi coupling needed for the dynamical symmetry breaking. We also present a string theory embedding of our field-theory construction. On more general grounds, our results suggest that 4d models with dynamical symmetry breaking can be given a higher dimensional description in terms of field theories with nontrivial boundary conditions in the internal space

Top and Higgs masses in a composite boson model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahana, D.E.

1993-01-01

Recently Nambu as well as Bardeen, Hill and Linden have suggested replacing the Higgs mechanism with a dynamical symmetry breaking generated by four fermion interactions of the top quark. In fact the model for replacing the scalar sector is that of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL) and one recovers the Higgs as a tt composite. Earlier authors have also treated vector mesons as composites within the NJL framework, with perhaps the earliest suggestion being that of Bjorken for a composite photon. Here we attempt to generate the entire electroweak interaction from a specific current-current, baryon number conserving form of the four fermion interaction. The W, Z and Higgs boson appear as coherent composites of all fermions, quarks and lepton, and not just of the top quark. The four fermion interaction is assumed to be valid at some high mass scale μ, perhaps the low energy limit resulting by the elimination of non-fermionic degrees of freedom from a more basic theory. The cutoff Λ, necessary in the non-renormalizable NJL may be viewed then as the proper scale for this more basic theory

Polyakov's quantized string with boundary terms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durhuus, B.; Olesen, P.; Petersen, J.L.

1982-01-01

We compute the boundary terms due to the conformal anomaly which are needed in Polyakov's method of calculating averages of functionals defined on surfaces. The method we use is due to Seeley, who found recursive relations yielding the boundary terms. We solve these relations for a general second-order elliptic differential operator. This solution is then applied to Polyakov's problem. (orig.)

Loop corrections and other many-body effects in relativistic field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ainsworth, T.L.; Brown, G.E.; Prakash, M.; Weise, W.

1988-01-01

Incorporation of effective masses into negative energy states (nucleon loop corrections) gives rise to repulsive many-body forces, as has been known for some time. Rather than renormalizing away the three- and four-body terms, we introduce medium corrections into the effective σ-exchange, which roughly cancel the nucleon loop terms for densities ρ ≅ ρ nm , where ρ nm is nuclear matter density. Going to higher densities, the repulsive contributions tend to saturate whereas the attractive ones keep on growing in magnitude. The latter is achieved through use of a density-dependent effective mass for the σ-particle, m σ = m σ (ρ), such that m σ (ρ) decreases with increasing density. Such a behavior is seen e.g. in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is argued that a smooth transition to chiral restoration implies a similar behavior. The resulting nuclear equation of state is, because of the self-consistency in the problem, immensely insensitive to changes in the mass or coupling constant of the σ-particle. (orig.)

Hadronization of quark-diquark model for nucleon structure and nuclear force by path integral

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagata, Keitaro

2003-01-01

One of the central issues of the hadron physics is how to interpret the properties and the origin of nuclear force. Nuclear force is in principle the manifestation of dynamics of quarks and gluons but no trial has been successful yet in describing the nuclear force by using QCD, the fundamental theory of the strong interactions. Phenomenon related to the chiral symmetry and the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry is one of the important phenomena for the understanding of hadron physics. Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is one of the quark system models to explain the phenomena concerning the chiral symmetry. Although the method to deduce the Lagrangian describing mesons by applying the path integral to NJL model has been well known as the bosonization, it has been difficult to extend it to baryons because baryons are three-body system. In this paper, a method is reported to deduce Lagrangian which describes baryon-meson from quark-diquark Lagrangian by assuming that baryons are the bound states of quark and diquark. (S. Funahashi)

Properties of the twisted Polyakov loop coupling and the infrared fixed point in the SU(3) gauge theories

Science.gov (United States)

Itou, Etsuko

2013-08-01

We report the nonperturbative behavior of the twisted Polyakov loop (TPL) coupling constant for the SU(3) gauge theories defined by the ratio of Polyakov loop correlators in finite volume with twisted boundary condition. We reveal the vacuum structures and the phase structure for the lattice gauge theory with the twisted boundary condition. Carrying out the numerical simulations, we determine the nonperturbative running coupling constant in this renormalization scheme for the quenched QCD and N_f=12 SU(3) gauge theories. First, we study the quenched QCD theory using the plaquette gauge action. The TPL coupling constant has a fake fixed point in the confinement phase. We discuss this fake fixed point of the TPL scheme and obtain the nonperturbative running coupling constant in the deconfinement phase, where the magnitude of the Polyakov loop shows the nonzero values. We also investigate the system coupled to fundamental fermions. Since we use the naive staggered fermion with the twisted boundary condition in our simulation, only multiples of 12 are allowed for the number of flavors. According to the perturbative two-loop analysis, the N_f=12 SU(3) gauge theory might have a conformal fixed point in the infrared region. However, recent lattice studies show controversial results for the existence of the fixed point. We point out possible problems in previous work, and present our careful study. Finally, we find the infrared fixed point (IRFP) and discuss the robustness of the nontrivial IRFP of a many-flavor system under the change of the analysis method. Some preliminary results were reported in the proceedings [E. Bilgici et al., PoS(Lattice 2009), 063 (2009); Itou et al., PoS(Lattice 2010), 054 (2010)] and the letter paper [T. Aoyama et al., arXiv:1109.5806 [hep-lat

Higgs boson as a top-mode pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson

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Fukano, Hidenori S.; Kurachi, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Shinya; Yamawaki, Koichi

2014-09-01

In the spirit of the top-quark condensation, we propose a model which has a naturally light composite Higgs boson, "tHiggs" (ht0), to be identified with the 126 GeV Higgs discovered at the LHC. The tHiggs, a bound state of the top quark and its flavor (vectorlike) partner, emerges as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (NGB), "top-mode pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson," together with the exact NGBs to be absorbed into the W and Z bosons as well as another (heavier) top-mode pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (CP-odd composite scalar, At0). Those five composite (exact/pseudo-) NGBs are dynamically produced simultaneously by a single supercritical four-fermion interaction having U(3)×U(1) symmetry which includes the electroweak symmetry, where the vacuum is aligned by a small explicit breaking term so as to break the symmetry down to a subgroup, U(2)×U(1)', in a way not to retain the electroweak symmetry, in sharp contrast to the little Higgs models. The explicit breaking term for the vacuum alignment gives rise to a mass of the tHiggs, which is protected by the symmetry and hence naturally controlled against radiative corrections. Realistic top-quark mass is easily realized similarly to the top-seesaw mechanism by introducing an extra (subcritical) four-fermion coupling which explicitly breaks the residual U(2)'×U(1)' symmetry with U(2)' being an extra symmetry besides the above U(3)L×U(1). We present a phenomenological Lagrangian of the top-mode pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons along with the Standard Model particles, which will be useful for the study of the collider phenomenology. The coupling property of the tHiggs is shown to be consistent with the currently available data reported from the LHC. Several phenomenological consequences and constraints from experiments are also addressed.

A Polyakov action on Riemann surfaces. Pt. 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zucchini, R.

1991-11-01

The model independent study of the Polyakov action is continued on an arbitrary compact surface without boundary of genus larger than 2 as the general solution of the relevant conformal Ward identity. A general formula for the Polyakov action and an explicit calculation of the energy-momentum tensor density is provided. The general geometric setting of the construction is described in detail. It is shown that the Polyakov action defines a distribution of finite dimensional directions in the holomorphic tangent bundle of the manifold of Beltrami differentials. It is further argued that motions parallel to such distribution correspond to Polyakov's SL(2,C) symmetry transformations. Owing to the existence of renormalization ambiguities on a topologically non-trivial surface, the energy-momentum tensor needs not be invariant under the full SL(2,C) symmetry. The residual SL(2,C) symmetry is characterized geometrically. (author) 31 refs

JONAS, HANS, Memorias. Por Juan Arana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Arana

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Autor: Hans Jonas (2005. Editorial: Losada, Madrid. Traducción: Illana Giner Comín. Basadas en las conversaciones con Rachel Salamander. Proemiode Lore Jonas. Prólogo de Rachel Salamander. Editor: Christian Wiese. Hans Jonas forma parte, con Koestler,Popper, Heidegger o Wittgenstein, del selecto grupo de pensadores y escritores a quienes tocó vivir en primera persona gran parte de las peripecias del turbulento siglo XX. Pero, como en todo, hay diferencias.La trayectoria vital de Jonas no dibuja el perfil de una desmesura excéntrica, como la de Wittgenstein, ni de una tenaz ambición teórica, como la de Popper, ni de un lamentable olvido del prójimo, como la de Heidegger, ni de un aventurismo desquiciado, como la de Koestler.

The nucleon as soliton in an effective chiral theory with polarized Dirac sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meissner, T.

1991-07-01

We consider the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for SU(2) flavor with N F = 3 color degrees of freedom and a current mass m o =m u =m d , which interact via scalar-isoscalar and pseudoscalar-isovectorial 4-point coupling of the strength G. We show that it is for the soft-poin limit essentially equivalent to treat the 4-quark theory in the HFA+BSE and the bozonized theory with classical meson fields, if the collective field π with the physical pion. By the requirement that in the vacuum the experimental values for the pion mass m π =139 MeV and the weak pion decay constant f π =93 MeV are reproduced finally only one free parameter remains, which is in our case the constituent quark mass M. All other parameters and vacuum quantities can be calculated as function of M. We do this for the UV cut-off parameter Λ, the 4-quark coupling strength G, the quark current mass m O as well as the vacuum condensate (anti qq)v. Thereby especially the influence of the regularization scheme on m O and (anti q)v is studied. For the construction of states with good spin and isospin quantum numbers we apply the semiclassical cranking procedure. Finally we compare the NJL with the chiral sigma model of Gell-Mann and Levi, which is connected with the NJL by the gradient respectively heat-kernel expansion. (orig./HSI) [de

Quantum and classical gauge symmetries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujikawa, Kazuo; Terashima, Hiroaki

2001-01-01

The use of the mass term of the gauge field as a gauge fixing term, which was discussed by Zwanziger, Parrinello and Jona-Lasinio in a large mass limit, is related to the non-linear gauge by Dirac and Nambu. We have recently shown that this use of the mass term as a gauge fixing term is in fact identical to the conventional local Faddeev-Popov formula without taking a large mass limit, if one takes into account the variation of the gauge field along the entire gauge orbit. This suggests that the classical massive vector theory, for example, could be re-interpreted as a gauge invariant theory with a gauge fixing term added in suitably quantized theory. As for massive gauge particles, the Higgs mechanics, where the mass term is gauge invariant, has a more intrinsic meaning. We comment on several implications of this observation. (author)

Parity doublers in chiral potential quark models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalashnikova, Yu. S.; Nefediev, A. V.; Ribeiro, J. E. F. T.

2007-01-01

The effect of spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry over the spectrum of highly excited hadrons is addressed in the framework of a microscopic chiral potential quark model (Generalised Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model) with a vectorial instantaneous quark kernel of a generic form. A heavy-light quark-antiquark bound system is considered, as an example, and the Lorentz nature of the effective light-quark potential is identified to be a pure Lorentz-scalar, for low-lying states in the spectrum, and to become a pure spatial Lorentz vector, for highly excited states. Consequently, the splitting between the partners in chiral doublets is demonstrated to decrease fast in the upper part of the spectrum so that neighboring states of an opposite parity become almost degenerate. A detailed microscopic picture of such a 'chiral symmetry restoration' in the spectrum of highly excited hadrons is drawn and the corresponding scale of restoration is estimated

NJL-jet model for quark fragmentation functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, T.; Bentz, W.; Cloeet, I. C.; Thomas, A. W.; Yazaki, K.

2009-01-01

A description of fragmentation functions which satisfy the momentum and isospin sum rules is presented in an effective quark theory. Concentrating on the pion fragmentation function, we first explain why the elementary (lowest order) fragmentation process q→qπ is completely inadequate to describe the empirical data, although the crossed process π→qq describes the quark distribution functions in the pion reasonably well. Taking into account cascadelike processes in a generalized jet-model approach, we then show that the momentum and isospin sum rules can be satisfied naturally, without the introduction of ad hoc parameters. We present results for the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the invariant mass regularization scheme and compare them with the empirical parametrizations. We argue that the NJL-jet model, developed herein, provides a useful framework with which to calculate the fragmentation functions in an effective chiral quark theory.

Chiral symmetry restoration and quasi-elastic electron-nucleus scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henley, E.M.; Krein, G.

1989-01-01

Chiral symmetry is known to be an important concept in hadronic interactions. It holds in QCD, but is known to be broken at low energies. It is therefore useful to study chiral symmetry and its breaking together with its consequences in nuclear physics. It is the latter phenomena we consider here. It is difficult to study nonperturbative QCD at low energies and models are needed. The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model fits this category; it incorporates chiral symmetry and its breaking, and allows one to study its effects in nucleons and nuclei. In particular, the constituent quark mass varies with density (ρ) and temperature (T). At high ρ and T chiral symmetry is restored. It is the ρ dependence which yields important effects in electron scattering due to partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclei. We begin with the NJL model with a small chiral symmetry breaking

The convergence radius of the chiral expansion in the Dyson-Schwinger approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meissner, T.

1994-01-01

We determine the convergence radius m conv or the expansion in the current quark mass using the Dyson-Schwinger (DS) equation of QCD in the rainbow approximation. Within a Gaussian form for the gluon propagator D μ ν(p) ∼ δμνχ 2 e - Δ /p 2 we find that m conv increases with decreasing width Δ and increasing strength χ 2 . For those values of χ 2 and Δ, which provide the best known description of low energy hadronic phenomena, m conv lies around 2Λ QCD , which is big enough, that the chiral expansion in the strange sector converges. Our analysis also explains the rather low value of m conv ∼ 50...80 MeV in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which as itself can be regarded as a special case of the rainbow DS models, where the gluon propagator is a constant in momentum space

Elastic scattering and transport coefficients for a quark plasma in SUf(3) at finite temperatures

Science.gov (United States)

Rehberg, P.; Klevansky, S. P.; Hüfner, J.

1996-02-01

The temperature dependence of the elastic-scattering processes qq' → qq' and q overlineq' → q overlineq' , with q, q' = u, d, s is studied as a function of the scattering angle and the center-of-mass energy of the collision within the framework of the SUf(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Critical scattering at threshold is observed in the q overlineq' → q overlineq' process, leading to an enhancement of the cross section as occurs in the phenomenon of critical opalescence. Transport properties such as viscosity, mean free paths and thermal relaxation times are calculated. Strangeness enhancement is investigated via the chemical relaxation times, which are found to be considerably higher than those calculated via perturbative QCD. A comparison with the experimental values for the strangeness enhancement in S + S collisions leads to an upper limit of 4 fm/ c for the lifetime of the plasma.

An approach for quantitatively analyzing the genuine tripartite nonlocality of general three-qubit states

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Zhaofeng; Li, Lvzhou; Ling, Jie

2018-04-01

Nonlocality is an important resource for quantum information processing. Genuine tripartite nonlocality, which is sufficiently confirmed by the violation of Svetlichny inequality, is a kind of more precious resource than the standard one. The genuine tripartite nonlocality is usually quantified by the amount of maximal violation of Svetlichny inequality. The problem of detecting and quantifying the genuine tripartite nonlocality of quantum states is of practical significance but still open for the case of general three-qubit quantum states. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit states, which not only include pure states but also include mixed states. Firstly, we derive a simplified formula for the genuine nonlocality of a general three-qubit state, which is a function of the corresponding three correlation matrices. Secondly, we develop three properties of the genuine nonlocality which can help us to analyze the genuine nonlocality of complex states and understand the nature of quantum nonlocality. Further, we get analytical results of genuine nonlocality for two classes of three-qubit states which have special correlation matrices. In particular, the genuine nonlocality of generalized three-qubit GHZ states, which is derived by Ghose et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 250404, 2009), and that of three-qubit GHZ-symmetric states, which is derived by Paul et al. (Phys. Rev. A 94, 032101, 2016), can be easily derived by applying the strategy and properties developed in this paper.

Unification of all elementary-particle forces including gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terazawa, Hidezumi; Chikashige, Yuichi; Matsuki, Takayuki; Akama, Keiichi.

1978-07-01

A unified model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type for all elementary-particle forces including gravity is reviewed in some detail. Starting with a nonlinear fermion Lagrangian of the Heisenberg type and imposing the massless conditions of Bjorken on vector auxiliary fields, on effective Lagrangian is constructed, which combines the unified SU (2) x U (1) gauge theory of Weinberg and Salam for the weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons and quarks and the Yang-Mills gauge theory of color SU (3) for the strong interaction of quarks. The photon, the weak vector bosons, and the physical Higgs scalar appear as collective excitations of lepton-antilepton or quark-antiquark pairs while the color-octet gluons appear as those of quark-antiquark pairs. The most important results of this unified model are presented. The Weinberg angle and the gluon coupling constant are determined, and the masses of the weak vector bosons are predicted. (Yoshimori, M.)

Non-perturbative effective interactions in the standard model

CERN Document Server

Arbuzov, Boris A

2014-01-01

This monograph is devoted to the nonperturbative dynamics in the Standard Model (SM), the basic theory of all, but gravity, fundamental interactions in nature. The Standard Model is devided into two parts: the Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electro-weak theory (EWT) are well-defined renormalizable theories in which the perturbation theory is valid. However, for the adequate description of the real physics nonperturbative effects are inevitable. This book describes how these nonperturbative effects may be obtained in the framework of spontaneous generation of effective interactions. The well-known example of such effective interaction is provided by the famous Nambu--Jona-Lasinio effective interaction. Also a spontaneous generation of this interaction in the framework of QCD is described and applied to the method for other effective interactions in QCD and EWT. The method is based on N.N. Bogoliubov conception of compensation equations. As a result we then describe the principle feathures of the Standard...

Kaon fragmentation function from NJL-jet model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matevosyan, Hrayr H.; Thomas, Anthony W.; Bentz, Wolfgang

2010-01-01

The NJL-jet model provides a sound framework for calculating the fragmentation functions in an effective chiral quark theory, where the momentum and isospin sum rules are satisfied without the introduction of ad hoc parameters [1]. Earlier studies of the pion fragmentation functions using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model within this framework showed good qualitative agreement with the empirical parameterizations. Here we extend the NJL-jet model by including the strange quark. The corrections to the pion fragmentation function and corresponding kaon fragmentation functions are calculated using the elementary quark to quark-meson fragmentation functions from NJL. The results for the kaon fragmentation function exhibit a qualitative agreement with the empirical parameterizations, while the unfavored strange quark fragmentation to pions is shown to be of the same order of magnitude as the unfavored light quark's. The results of these studies are expected to provide important guidance for the analysis of a large variety of semi-inclusive data.

Phase structure of NJL model with weak renormalization group

Science.gov (United States)

Aoki, Ken-Ichi; Kumamoto, Shin-Ichiro; Yamada, Masatoshi

2018-06-01

We analyze the chiral phase structure of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature and density by using the functional renormalization group (FRG). The renormalization group (RG) equation for the fermionic effective potential V (σ ; t) is given as a partial differential equation, where σ : = ψ bar ψ and t is a dimensionless RG scale. When the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DχSB) occurs at a certain scale tc, V (σ ; t) has singularities originated from the phase transitions, and then one cannot follow RG flows after tc. In this study, we introduce the weak solution method to the RG equation in order to follow the RG flows after the DχSB and to evaluate the dynamical mass and the chiral condensate in low energy scales. It is shown that the weak solution of the RG equation correctly captures vacuum structures and critical phenomena within the pure fermionic system. We show the chiral phase diagram on temperature, chemical potential and the four-Fermi coupling constant.

Polyakov lines in Yang-Mills matrix models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Austing, Peter; Wheater, John F.; Vernizzi, Graziano

2003-01-01

We study the Polyakov line in Yang-Mills matrix models, which include the IKKT model of IIB string theory. For the gauge group SU(2) we give the exact formulae in the form of integral representations which are convenient for finding the asymptotic behaviour. For the SU(N) bosonic models we prove upper bounds which decay as a power law at large momentum p. We argue that these capture the full asymptotic behaviour. We also indicate how to extend the results to some correlation functions of Polyakov lines. (author)

EL PRINCIPIO DE RESPONSABILIDAD DE HANS JONAS O PRINCÍPIO DE RESPONSABILIDADE DE HANS JONAS HANS JONAS’ PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSIBILITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Eduardo de Siqueira

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre la principal obra del filósofo alemán contemporáneo, Hans Jonas. Muestra la trayectoria intelectual de Jonas hasta llegar al rescate de la ética de la responsabilidad, que Max Weber sugiere en obras de comienzos del siglo. El Principio de la Responsabilidad de Jonas es una evaluación sumamente crítica de la ciencia moderna y de su "brazo armado", la tecnología. El filósofo muestra la necesidad que el ser humano tiene de actuar con cautela y humildad frente al enorme poder transformador de la tecnocienciaEste trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a principal obra do filósofo alemão contemporâneo, Hans Jonas. Apresenta a trajetória intelectual de Jonas até o resgate da ética da responsabilidade que Max Weber sugere em obras do começo do século XX. O Princípio da Responsabilidade de Jonas é uma apreciação extremamente crítica da ciência moderna e de seu "braço armado", a tecnologia. O filósofo mostra que é necessário o ser humano agir com cautela e humildade ante o enorme poder transformador da tecnociênciaThis paper is a reflection on the main work of the german philosopher Hans Jonas. It shows his intellectual trajectory till the point of the rescueing of the ethics of responsibility, suggested in Max Weber ’s works of the beginning of this century. Jonas’ principle of responsibility is an extremely critical analysis of modern science and its principal "armed arm", technology. The philosopher expounds the need all human beings have to act with caution and humility in face of the tremendous transforming power technoscience posseses

Killing-Yano tensors and Nambu mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baleanu, D.

1998-01-01

Killing-Yano tensors were introduced in 1952 by Kentaro-Yano from mathematical point of view. The physical interpretation of Killing-Yano tensors of rank higher than two was unclear. We found that all Killing-Yano tensors η i 1 i 2 . .. i n with covariant derivative zero are Nambu tensors. We found that in the case of flat space case all Killing-Yano tensors are Nambu tensors. In the case of Taub-NUT and Kerr-Newmann metric Killing-Yano tensors of order two generate Nambu tensors of rank 3

Neutral and charged scalar mesons, pseudoscalar mesons, and diquarks in magnetic fields

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Hao; Wang, Xinyang; Yu, Lang; Huang, Mei

2018-04-01

We investigate both (pseudo)scalar mesons and diquarks in the presence of external magnetic field in the framework of the two-flavored Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, where mesons and diquarks are constructed by infinite sum of quark-loop chains by using random phase approximation. The polarization function of the quark-loop is calculated to the leading order of 1 /Nc expansion by taking the quark propagator in the Landau level representation. We systematically investigate the masses behaviors of scalar σ meson, neutral and charged pions as well as the scalar diquarks, with respect to the magnetic field strength at finite temperature and chemical potential. It is shown that the numerical results of both neutral and charged pions are consistent with the lattice QCD simulations. The mass of the charge neutral pion keeps almost a constant under the magnetic field, which is preserved by the remnant symmetry of QCD ×QED in the vacuum. The mass of the charge neutral scalar σ is around two times quark mass and increases with the magnetic field due to the magnetic catalysis effect, which is an typical example showing that the polarized internal quark structure cannot be neglected when we consider the meson properties under magnetic field. For the charged particles, the one quark-antiquark loop contribution to the charged π± increases essentially with the increase of magnetic fields due to the magnetic catalysis of the polarized quarks. However, the one quark-quark loop contribution to the scalar diquark mass is negative comparing with the point-particle result and the loop effect is small.

Light pseudoscalar mesons in a nonlocal SU(3) chiral quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scarpettini, A.; Gomez Dumm, D.; Scoccola, Norberto N.

2004-01-01

We study the properties of the light pseudoscalar mesons in a three-flavor chiral quark model with nonlocal separable interactions. We concentrate on the evaluation of meson masses and decay constants, considering both the cases of Gaussian and Lorentzian nonlocal regulators. The results are found to be in quite good agreement with the empirical values, in particular in the case of the ratio f K /f π and the anomalous decay π 0 →γγ. In addition, the model leads to a reasonable description of the observed phenomenology in the η-η ' sector, even though it implies the existence of two significantly different state mixing angles

Ternary q-Virasoro-Witt Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ammar, F; Makhlouf, A; Silvestrov, S

2010-01-01

In this paper we construct ternary q-Virasoro-Witt algebras which q-deform the ternary Virasoro-Witt algebras constructed by Curtright, Fairlie and Zachos using su(1, 1) enveloping algebra techniques. The ternary Virasoro-Witt algebras constructed by Curtright, Fairlie and Zachos depend on a parameter and are not Nambu-Lie algebras for all but finitely many values of this parameter. For the parameter values for which the ternary Virasoro-Witt algebras are Nambu-Lie, the corresponding ternary q-Virasoro-Witt algebras constructed in this paper are also Hom-Nambu-Lie because they are obtained from the ternary Nambu-Lie algebras using the composition method. For other parameter values this composition method does not yield a Hom-Nambu-Lie algebra structure for q-Virasoro-Witt algebras. We show however, using a different construction, that the ternary Virasoro-Witt algebras of Curtright, Fairlie and Zachos, as well as the general ternary q-Virasoro-Witt algebras we construct, carry a structure of the ternary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebra for all values of the involved parameters.

Constrained systems described by Nambu mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lassig, C.C.; Joshi, G.C.

1996-01-01

Using the framework of Nambu's generalised mechanics, we obtain a new description of constrained Hamiltonian dynamics, involving the introduction of another degree of freedom in phase space, and the necessity of defining the action integral on a world sheet. We also discuss the problem of quantizing Nambu mechanics. (authors). 5 refs

Nonlocal thermoelectric effects and nonlocal Onsager relations in a three-terminal proximity-coupled superconductor-ferromagnet device

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machon, Peter; Belzig, Wolfgang [Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz (Germany); Eschrig, Matthias [SEPnet and Hubbard Theory Consortium, Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX (United Kingdom)

2013-07-01

We study thermal and charge transport in a three-terminal setup consisting of a superconducting and two ferromagnetic contacts. We predict that the simultaneous presence of spin-filtering and of spin-dependent scattering phase shifts at each of the two interfaces will lead to very large nonlocal thermoelectric effects both in clean and in disordered systems. The symmetries of thermal and electric transport coefficients are related to fundamental thermodynamic principles by the Onsager reciprocity. Our results show that a nonlocal version of the Onsager relations for thermoelectric currents holds in a three terminal quantum coherent ferromagnet-superconductor heterostructure including spin-dependent crossed Andreev reflection and coherent electron transfer processes.

Eguchi-Kawai reduction with one flavor of adjoint Moebius fermion

OpenAIRE

Cunningham, William; Giedt, Joel

2013-01-01

We study the single site lattice gauge theory of SU(N) coupled to one Dirac flavor of fermion in the adjoint representation. We utilize M\\"obius fermions for this study, and accelerate the calculation with graphics processing units (GPUs). Our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that for sufficiently large inverse 't Hooft coupling b = 1/g^2 N, and for N \\leq 10 the distribution of traced Polyakov loops has "fingers" that extend from the origin. However, in the massless case the distribution of ...

Neutrino mass hierarchy and three-flavor spectral splits of supernova neutrinos

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dasgupta, Basudeb; Mirizzi, Alessandro; Tomas, Ricard; Tamborra, Irene

2010-01-01

It was recently realized that three-flavor effects could peculiarly modify the development of spectral splits induced by collective oscillations, for supernova neutrinos emitted during the cooling phase of a protoneutron star. We systematically explore this case, explaining how the impact of these three-flavor effects depends on the ordering of the neutrino masses. In inverted mass hierarchy, the solar mass splitting gives rise to instabilities in regions of the (anti)neutrino energy spectra that were otherwise stable under the leading two-flavor evolution governed by the atmospheric mass splitting and by the 1-3 mixing angle. As a consequence, the high-energy spectral splits found in the electron (anti)neutrino spectra disappear, and are transferred to other flavors. Imperfect adiabaticity leads to smearing of spectral swap features. In normal mass hierarchy, the three-flavor and the two-flavor instabilities act in the same region of the neutrino energy spectrum, leading to only minor departures from the two-flavor treatment.

Covariant amplitudes in Polyakov string theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoyama, H.; Dhar, A.; Namazie, M.A.

1986-01-01

A manifestly Lorentz-covariant and reparametrization-invariant procedure for computing string amplitudes using Polyakov's formulation is described. Both bosonic and superstring theories are dealt with. The computation of string amplitudes is greatly facilitated by this formalism. (orig.)

Reduction of Nambu-Poisson Manifolds by Regular Distributions

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Apurba

2018-03-01

The version of Marsden-Ratiu reduction theorem for Nambu-Poisson manifolds by a regular distribution has been studied by Ibáñez et al. In this paper we show that the reduction is always ensured unless the distribution is zero. Next we extend the more general Falceto-Zambon Poisson reduction theorem for Nambu-Poisson manifolds. Finally, we define gauge transformations of Nambu-Poisson structures and show that these transformations commute with the reduction procedure.

Duality and modular class of a Nambu-Poisson structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibanez, R.; Leon, M. de; Lopez, B.; Marrero, J.C.; Padron, E.

2001-01-01

In this paper we introduce cohomology and homology theories for Nambu-Poisson manifolds. Also we study the relation between the existence of a duality for these theories and the vanishing of a particular Nambu-Poisson cohomology class, the modular class. The case of a regular Nambu-Poisson structure and some singular examples are discussed. (author)

The deconfinement phase transition, hadronization and the NJL model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raha, Sibaji

2000-01-01

One of the confident predictions of QCD is that at sufficiently high temperature and/or density, hadronic matter should undergo a thermodynamic phase transition to a color deconfined state of matter-popularly called the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). In low energy effective theories of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), one usually talks of the chiral transition for which a well defined order parameter exists. We investigate the dissociation of pions and kaons in a medium of hot quark matter described by the Nambu-Jona Lasinio (NJL) model. The decay widths of pion and kaon are found to be large but finite at temperature much higher than the critical temperature for the chiral (or deconfinement) transition, the kaon decay width being much larger. Thus pions and even kaons (with a lower density compared to pions) may coexist with quarks and gluons at such high temperatures. On the basis of such premises, we investigate the process of hadronization in quark-gluon plasma with special emphasis on whether such processes shed any light on acceptable low energy effective theories of QCD

Non-perturbative effective interactions in the standard model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arbuzov, Boris A. [Moscow Lomonosov State Univ. (Russian Federation). Skobeltsyn Inst. of Nuclear Physics

2014-07-01

This monograph is devoted to the nonperturbative dynamics in the Standard Model (SM), the basic theory of allfundamental interactions in natureexcept gravity. The Standard Model is divided into two parts: the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the electro-weak theory (EWT) are well-defined renormalizable theories in which the perturbation theory is valid. However, for the adequate description of the real physics nonperturbative effects are inevitable. This book describes how these nonperturbative effects may be obtained in the framework of spontaneous generation of effective interactions. The well-known example of such effective interaction is provided by the famous Nambu-Jona-Lasinio effective interaction. Also a spontaneous generation of this interaction in the framework of QCD is described and applied to the method for other effective interactions in QCD and EWT. The method is based on N.N. Bogolyubov's conception of compensation equations. As a result we then describe the principal features of the Standard Model, e.g. Higgs sector, and significant nonperturbative effects including recent results obtained at LHC and TEVATRON.

Soft deconfinement — critical phenomena at the Mott transition in a field theory for quarks and mesons

Science.gov (United States)

Hüfner, J.; Klevansky, S. P.; Rehberg, P.

1996-02-01

Critical phenomena associated with Mott transitions are investigated in the finite temperature SUf(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, that describes quarks u, d, s and bound mesons π, K. Critical exponents for the behavior close to the Mott temperature TM are determined for the static properties of a pion, such as mπ( T), gπqq( T), fπ( T), π, and the pion polarizabilities αC, N, as well as for the behavior of mK( T), gKqs( T) fK( T) in the strange sector. The effect of the Mott transitions on the q overlineq and ππ scattering lengths and for hadronization cross sections σ q overlineq→ππ (T) is discussed. Divergencies that occur in these quantities at TM indicate an intransparence with respect to hadronic and photonic probes, much like the phenomenon of critical opalescence. Physically, the Mott transition models the deconfinement transition expected of QCD since it corresponds to a delocalizayion of the bound states when the temperature is raised above TM.

Nambu sigma model and effective membrane actions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jurco, Branislav, E-mail: jurco@karlin.mff.cuni.cz [Mathematical Institute, Charles University, Prague 186 75 (Czech Republic); Schupp, Peter, E-mail: p.schupp@jacobs-university.de [Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen (Germany); Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland (United Kingdom)

2012-07-09

We propose an effective action for a p{sup Prime }-brane with open p-branes ending on it. The action has dual descriptions similar to the commutative and non-commutative ones of the DBI action for D-branes and open strings. The Poisson structure governing the non-commutativity of the D-brane is replaced by a Nambu structure and the open-closed string relations are generalized to the case of p-branes utilizing a novel Nambu sigma model description of p-branes. In the case of an M5-brane our action interpolates between M5-actions already proposed in the literature and matrix-model like actions involving Nambu structures.

Nambu sigma model and effective membrane actions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jurčo, Branislav; Schupp, Peter

2012-01-01

We propose an effective action for a p ′ -brane with open p-branes ending on it. The action has dual descriptions similar to the commutative and non-commutative ones of the DBI action for D-branes and open strings. The Poisson structure governing the non-commutativity of the D-brane is replaced by a Nambu structure and the open-closed string relations are generalized to the case of p-branes utilizing a novel Nambu sigma model description of p-branes. In the case of an M5-brane our action interpolates between M5-actions already proposed in the literature and matrix-model like actions involving Nambu structures.

Some restrictions on possible supergroups and flavor groups

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saclioglu, C.

1977-01-01

It is pointed out that a suggestion of Nambu which yields diquark currents from the usual flavor or color quark currents may be relevant for classifying similar currents which arise in gauge theories unifying strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The requirement that charges of SU(3)/sub color/ x SU(n)/sub flavor/ plus the new diquark currents complete the generators of a simple vectorlike supergroup G can be met only in the cases n = 3,G = F 4 ; n = 6,G = E 7 ; and n = 7,G = SU(15) for n 2 and E 6 result from an analogous generalization of SU(3) and SU(3) x SU(3) x SU(3). Explicit generators involving diquark and leptoquark charges are constructed for the groups G 2 and F 4

Singular reduction of Nambu-Poisson manifolds

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Apurba

The version of Marsden-Ratiu Poisson reduction theorem for Nambu-Poisson manifolds by a regular foliation have been studied by Ibáñez et al. In this paper, we show that this reduction procedure can be extended to the singular case. Under a suitable notion of Hamiltonian flow on the reduced space, we show that a set of Hamiltonians on a Nambu-Poisson manifold can also be reduced.

The Polyakov loop and its correlators in higher representations of SU(3) at finite temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huebner, K.A.

2006-09-01

We have calculated the Polyakov loop in representations D=3,6,8,10,15,15',24,27 and diquark and baryonic Polyakov loop correlation functions with fundamental sources in SU(3) pure gauge theory and 2-flavour QCD with staggered quarks and Q anti Q-singlet correlation functions with sources in the fundamental and adjoint representation in SU(3) pure gauge theory. We have tested a new renormalisation procedure for the Polyakov loop and extracted the adjoint Polyakov loop below T c , binding energy of the gluelump and string breaking distances. Moreover, we could show Casimir scaling for the Polyakov loop in different representations in SU(3) pure gauge theory above T c . Diquark antitriplet and baryonic singlet free energies are related to the Q anti Q-singlet free energies by the Casimir as well. (orig.)

The Polyakov loop and its correlators in higher representations of SU(3) at finite temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, K.A.

2006-09-15

We have calculated the Polyakov loop in representations D=3,6,8,10,15,15',24,27 and diquark and baryonic Polyakov loop correlation functions with fundamental sources in SU(3) pure gauge theory and 2-flavour QCD with staggered quarks and Q anti Q-singlet correlation functions with sources in the fundamental and adjoint representation in SU(3) pure gauge theory. We have tested a new renormalisation procedure for the Polyakov loop and extracted the adjoint Polyakov loop below T{sub c}, binding energy of the gluelump and string breaking distances. Moreover, we could show Casimir scaling for the Polyakov loop in different representations in SU(3) pure gauge theory above T{sub c}. Diquark antitriplet and baryonic singlet free energies are related to the Q anti Q-singlet free energies by the Casimir as well. (orig.)

Ghost number anomaly in the Polyakov's light-cone gauge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Hiroshi.

1990-06-01

The conformal (Weyl) anomaly of the ghost-anti-ghost system in the two-dimentional quantum gravity is calculated. A background covariant formalism allows us to treat the Polyakov's light-cone gauge in a systematic way. The anomaly gives a contribution to the central charge, -28, which agrees with the result of Kniznik, Polyakov and Zamolodchikov. The ghost number anomaly is also calculated, and the metric corrections to the naive ghost number current are given. It is suggested that a general scalar density in the light-cone gauge carries a screening ghost number. (author)

Nambu mechanics for stochastic magnetization dynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thibaudeau, Pascal, E-mail: pascal.thibaudeau@cea.fr [CEA DAM/Le Ripault, BP 16, F-37260 Monts (France); Nussle, Thomas, E-mail: thomas.nussle@cea.fr [CEA DAM/Le Ripault, BP 16, F-37260 Monts (France); CNRS-Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique (UMR 7350), Fédération de Recherche “Denis Poisson” (FR2964), Département de Physique, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours (France); Nicolis, Stam, E-mail: stam.nicolis@lmpt.univ-tours.fr [CNRS-Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique (UMR 7350), Fédération de Recherche “Denis Poisson” (FR2964), Département de Physique, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours (France)

2017-06-15

Highlights: • The LLG equation can be formulated in the framework of dissipative Nambu mechanics. • A master equation is derived for the spin dynamics for additive/multiplicative noises. • The derived stochastic equations are compared to moment equations obtained by closures. - Abstract: The Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation describes the dynamics of a damped magnetization vector that can be understood as a generalization of Larmor spin precession. The LLG equation cannot be deduced from the Hamiltonian framework, by introducing a coupling to a usual bath, but requires the introduction of additional constraints. It is shown that these constraints can be formulated elegantly and consistently in the framework of dissipative Nambu mechanics. This has many consequences for both the variational principle and for topological aspects of hidden symmetries that control conserved quantities. We particularly study how the damping terms of dissipative Nambu mechanics affect the consistent interaction of magnetic systems with stochastic reservoirs and derive a master equation for the magnetization. The proposals are supported by numerical studies using symplectic integrators that preserve the topological structure of Nambu equations. These results are compared to computations performed by direct sampling of the stochastic equations and by using closure assumptions for the moment equations, deduced from the master equation.

Rayleigh-Benard convection as a Nambu-metriplectic problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bihlo, A

2008-01-01

The traditional Hamiltonian structure of the equations governing conservative Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) is singular, i.e., its Poisson bracket possesses nontrivial Casimir functionals. We show that a special form of one of these Casimirs can be used to extend the bilinear Poisson bracket to a trilinear generalized Nambu bracket. It is further shown that the equations governing dissipative RBC can be written as the superposition of the conservative Nambu bracket with a dissipative symmetric bracket. This leads to a Nambu-metriplectic system, which completes the geometrical picture of RBC. (fast track communication)

Polyakov loop fluctuations in the presence of external fields

Science.gov (United States)

Lo, Pok Man; Szymański, Michał; Redlich, Krzysztof; Sasaki, Chihiro

2018-06-01

We study the implications of the spontaneous and explicit Z(3) center symmetry breaking for the Polyakov loop susceptibilities. To this end, ratios of the susceptibilities of the real and imaginary parts, as well as of the modulus of the Polyakov loop are computed within an effective model using a color group integration scheme. We show that the essential features of the lattice QCD results of these ratios can be successfully captured by the effective approach. Furthermore we discuss a novel scaling relation in one of these ratios involving the explicit breaking field, volume, and temperature.

Bell-Nonlocality Dynamics of Three Remote Atoms in Tavis—Cummings and Jaynes—Cummings Models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhen Xiu-Lan; Yang Qing; Yang Ming; Cao Zhuo-Liang

2014-01-01

We study the Bell-nonlocality dynamics of three remote atoms, two of which are trapped in one single-mode cavity and the third atom is trapped in another remote single-mode cavity. The interactions between the atoms and the cavity modes are studied via Tavis Cummings and Jaynes Cummings models. Here, the two single-mode cavities are introduced to simulate two different enviroments of the three atoms. The tripartite nonlocal correlations are studied in terms of the Svetlichny inequality and the WWZB inequality, respectively. The results show that the tripartite Bell-nonlocality sudden death will occur for the W state and GHZ state initial conditions. The detailed results demonstrate that the tripartite nonlocality of GHZ state is more robust than that of W state when suffering from the effect of environments. (general)

First quantized noncritical relativistic Polyakov string

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaskolski, Z.; Meissner, K.A.

1994-01-01

The first quantization of the relativistic Brink-DiVecchia-Howe-Polyakov (BDHP) string in the range 1 < d 25 is considered. It is shown that using the Polyakov sum over bordered surfaces in the Feynman path integral quantization scheme one gets a consistent quantum mechanics of relativistic 1-dim extended objects in the range 1 < d < 25. In particular, the BDHP string propagator is exactly calculated for arbitrary initial and final string configurations and the Hilbert space of physical states of noncritical BDHP string is explicitly constructed. The resulting theory is equivalent to the Fairlie-Chodos-Thorn massive string model. In contrast to the conventional conformal field theory approach to noncritical string and random surfaces in the Euclidean target space the path integral formulation of the Fairlie-Chodos-Thorn string obtained in this paper does not rely on the principle of conformal invariance. Some consequences of this feature for constructing a consistent relativistic string theory based on the ''splitting-joining'' interaction are discussed. (author). 42 refs, 1 fig

Nambu brackets in fluid mechanics and magnetohydrodynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salazar, Roberto; Kurgansky, Michael V

2010-01-01

Concrete examples of the construction of Nambu brackets for equations of motion (both 3D and 2D) of Boussinesq stratified fluids and also for magnetohydrodynamical equations are given. It serves a generalization of Hamiltonian formulation for the considered equations of motion. Two alternative Nambu formulations are proposed, first by using fluid dynamical (kinetic) helicity and/or enstrophy as constitutive elements and second, by using the existing conservation laws of the governing equation.

Three neutrino flavors: Oscillations, mixing, and the solar-neutrino problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pantaleone, J.

1991-01-01

An analytical, quantitative description of solar-neutrino propagation is presented which includes three flavors, matter dependence, and long-wavelength effects. Using the derived expression for the electron-neutrino survival probability, it is demonstrated that mixing is possible between the two-flavor Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein and two-flavor long-wavelength solutions to the solar-neutrino problem. However, adiabatic conversion of a neutrino mass eigenstate tends to suppress all subsequent long-wavelength effects such as ''seasonal'' variations in the solar-neutrino flux

Extended Nambu models: Their relation to gauge theories

Science.gov (United States)

Escobar, C. A.; Urrutia, L. F.

2017-05-01

Yang-Mills theories supplemented by an additional coordinate constraint, which is solved and substituted in the original Lagrangian, provide examples of the so-called Nambu models, in the case where such constraints arise from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking. Some explicit calculations have shown that, after additional conditions are imposed, Nambu models are capable of reproducing the original gauge theories, thus making Lorentz violation unobservable and allowing the interpretation of the corresponding massless gauge bosons as the Goldstone bosons arising from the spontaneous symmetry breaking. A natural question posed by this approach in the realm of gauge theories is to determine under which conditions the recovery of an arbitrary gauge theory from the corresponding Nambu model, defined by a general constraint over the coordinates, becomes possible. We refer to these theories as extended Nambu models (ENM) and emphasize the fact that the defining coordinate constraint is not treated as a standard gauge fixing term. At this level, the mechanism for generating the constraint is irrelevant and the case of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking is taken only as a motivation, which naturally bring this problem under consideration. Using a nonperturbative Hamiltonian analysis we prove that the ENM yields the original gauge theory after we demand current conservation for all time, together with the imposition of the Gauss laws constraints as initial conditions upon the dynamics of the ENM. The Nambu models yielding electrodynamics, Yang-Mills theories and linearized gravity are particular examples of our general approach.

A Polyakov action on Riemann surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zucchini, R.

1991-02-01

A calculation of the effective action for induced conformal gravity on higher genus Riemann surfaces is presented. Our expression, generalizing Polyakov's formula, depends holomorphically on the Beltrami and integrates the diffeomorphism anomaly. A solution of the conformal Ward identity on an arbitrary compact Riemann surfaces without boundary is presented, and its remarkable properties are studied. (K.A.) 16 refs., 2 figs

Light-front realization of chiral symmetry breaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itakura, Kazunori; Maedan, Shinji

2001-01-01

We discuss a description of chiral symmetry breaking in the light-front (LF) formalism. Based on careful analyses of several modes, we give clear answers to the following three fundamental questions: (i) What is the difference between the LF chiral transformation and the ordinary chiral transformation? (ii) How does a gap equation for the chiral condensate emerge? (iii) What is the consequence of the coexistence of a nonzero chiral condensate and the trivial Fock vacuum? The answer to Question (i) is given through a classical analysis of each model. Question (ii) is answered based on our recognition of the importance of characteristic constraints, such as the zero-mode and fermionic constraints. Question (iii) is intimately related to another important problem, reconciliation of the nonzero chiral condensate ≠ 0 and the invariance of the vacuum under the LF chiral transformation Q 5 LF | 0> = 0. This and Question (iii) are understood in terms of the modified chiral transformation laws of the dependent variables. The characteristic ways in which the chiral symmetry breaking is realized are that the chiral charge Q 5 LF is no longer conserved and that the transformation of the scalar and pseudoscalar fields is modified. We also discuss other outcomes, such as the light-cone wave function of the pseudoscalar meson in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. (author)

Interacting fermions in rotation: chiral symmetry restoration, moment of inertia and thermodynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chernodub, M.N.; Gongyo, Shinya

2017-01-01

We study rotating fermionic matter at finite temperature in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In order to respect causality the rigidly rotating system must be bound by a cylindrical boundary with appropriate boundary conditions that confine the fermions inside the cylinder. We show the finite geometry with the MIT boundary conditions affects strongly the phase structure of the model leading to three distinct regions characterized by explicitly broken (gapped), partially restored (nearly gapless) and spontaneously broken (gapped) phases at, respectively, small, moderate and large radius of the cylinder. The presence of the boundary leads to specific steplike irregularities of the chiral condensate as functions of coupling constant, temperature and angular frequency. These steplike features have the same nature as the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with the crucial difference that they occur in the absence of both external magnetic field and Fermi surface. At finite temperature the rotation leads to restoration of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry while the vacuum at zero temperature is insensitive to rotation (“cold vacuum cannot rotate”). As the temperature increases the critical angular frequency decreases and the transition becomes softer. A phase diagram in angular frequency-temperature plane is presented. We also show that at fixed temperature the fermion matter in the chirally restored (gapless) phase has a higher moment of inertia compared to the one in the chirally broken (gapped) phase.

Interacting fermions in rotation: chiral symmetry restoration, moment of inertia and thermodynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chernodub, M.N. [CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique, Université de Tours,Tours (France); Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Far Eastern Federal University,Vladivostok (Russian Federation); Gongyo, Shinya [CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique, Université de Tours,Tours (France); Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN,Saitama (Japan)

2017-01-30

We study rotating fermionic matter at finite temperature in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In order to respect causality the rigidly rotating system must be bound by a cylindrical boundary with appropriate boundary conditions that confine the fermions inside the cylinder. We show the finite geometry with the MIT boundary conditions affects strongly the phase structure of the model leading to three distinct regions characterized by explicitly broken (gapped), partially restored (nearly gapless) and spontaneously broken (gapped) phases at, respectively, small, moderate and large radius of the cylinder. The presence of the boundary leads to specific steplike irregularities of the chiral condensate as functions of coupling constant, temperature and angular frequency. These steplike features have the same nature as the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with the crucial difference that they occur in the absence of both external magnetic field and Fermi surface. At finite temperature the rotation leads to restoration of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry while the vacuum at zero temperature is insensitive to rotation (“cold vacuum cannot rotate”). As the temperature increases the critical angular frequency decreases and the transition becomes softer. A phase diagram in angular frequency-temperature plane is presented. We also show that at fixed temperature the fermion matter in the chirally restored (gapless) phase has a higher moment of inertia compared to the one in the chirally broken (gapped) phase.

Weyl and ghost number anomalies in the Polyakov's light-cone gauge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, H.

1991-01-01

In this paper the conformal (Weyl) anomaly of the ghost-anti-ghost system in the 2-dimensional quantum gravity is calculated. A background covariant formalism allows us to treat the Polyakov's light-cone gauge in a systematic way. The anomaly gives a contribution to the central charge, -28, which agrees with the result of Kniznik, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov. The ghost number anomaly is also calculated, and the metric corrections to the naive ghost number current are given. It is suggested that a general scalar density in the light-cone gauge carries a screening ghost number

Hans Jonas' thought on the ethics of research on human subjects ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Hans Jonas' thought on the ethics of research on human subjects and its implications for contemporary medical research in Nigeria was examined. The thinking and teachings of Hans Jonas was on the need for medical research to advance beyond the use animals for research and experimentations to research on human ...

Derivation of the Polyakov action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kachkachi, M.

1999-11-01

We develop another method to get the Polyakov action that is: tile solution of tile conformal Ward identity on a Riemann surface Σ. We find that this action is the sum of two terms: the first one is expressed in terms of the projective connection and produces the diffeomorphism anomaly and tile second one is anomaly and contains the globally defined zero modes of the Ward identity. The explicit expression of this action is given on the complex plane. (author)

The ρππ form factor in the decays ω, φ → 3π and η,KL → π+ π- γ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkov, M.K.; Osipov, A.A.

1992-01-01

The processes ω → 3π, φ → 3π, η → π + π - γ, and K L → π + π - γ have been studied for a long time and from various points of view both in theoretical and in experimental elementary-particle physics. However, appreciable changes have occurred recently in the experimental data on the decays ω → 3π and η → π + π - . The width of the first decay has decreased by 20%, and that of the second has increased by 40%. In this work, taking account of the new data, the authors give a self-consistent description of these processes within the framework of the quark model of superconducting type (QMST) proposed by them. This model is a variety of the well-known Nambu-Jona-Lasinio quark model. They shall take into account all the main effects which have an appreciable influence on the final results. The important role played by the nondiagonal π-α 1 transitions on external lines of quark box diagrams and by the form factor of the ρππ vertex in pole diagrams is shown

Low-energy QCD and ultraviolet renormalons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peris, S.

1997-01-01

We discuss the contribution of ultraviolet (UV) renormalons in QCD to two-point functions of quark current operators. This explicitly includes effects due to the exchange of one renormalon chain as well as two chains. It is shown that, when the external Euclidean momentum of the two-point functions becomes smaller than the scale Λ L associated with the Landau singularity of the QCD one-loop running coupling constant, the positions of the UV renormalons in the Borel plane become true singularities in the integration range of the Borel transform. This introduces ambiguities in the evaluation of the corresponding two-point functions. The ambiguities associated with the leading UV renormalon singularity are of the same type as the contribution due to the inclusion of dimension d=6 local operators in a low-energy effective Lagrangian valid at scales smaller than Λ L . We then discuss the inclusion of an infinite number of renormalon chains and argue that the previous ambiguity hints at a plausible approximation scheme for low-energy QCD, resulting in an effective Lagrangian similar to the one of the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (ENJL) model of QCD at large N c . (orig.)

Chiral symmetry breaking and the pion quark structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernard, V.

1986-01-01

The mechanism of dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry in hadronic matter is first studied in the framework of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model on one hand and its generalisation to finite hadron size on the other hand. The analysis uses a variational procedure modelled after the BCS superconductor. Our study indicates for example, a great sensitivity of various quantities characterizing the breaking of symmetry to the shape of the interaction. Also the mechanism of breaking of chiral symmetry is essentially related to the mechanism of confinement. When a symmetry is spontaneously broken, there exists a Goldstone particle of zero mass. This is true in our model. This particle, the pion, is obtained as solution of a Bethe Salpeter equation for a qantiq bound state. This enables us to establish a connection between the pion as a Goldstone boson related to spontaneous symmetry breaking and the quark-antiquark structure of the pion. The finite mass of the physical pion is obtained with non zero current quark mass. Various properties of this particle are then studied in the RPA formalism. One important point of our model is the highly collective character of the pion. 85 refs [fr

Anatomy of the magnetic catalysis by renormalization-group method

Science.gov (United States)

Hattori, Koichi; Itakura, Kazunori; Ozaki, Sho

2017-12-01

We first examine the scaling argument for a renormalization-group (RG) analysis applied to a system subject to the dimensional reduction in strong magnetic fields, and discuss the fact that a four-Fermi operator of the low-energy excitations is marginal irrespective of the strength of the coupling constant in underlying theories. We then construct a scale-dependent effective four-Fermi interaction as a result of screened photon exchanges at weak coupling, and establish the RG method appropriately including the screening effect, in which the RG evolution from ultraviolet to infrared scales is separated into two stages by the screening-mass scale. Based on a precise agreement between the dynamical mass gaps obtained from the solutions of the RG and Schwinger-Dyson equations, we discuss an equivalence between these two approaches. Focusing on QED and Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we clarify how the properties of the interactions manifest themselves in the mass gap, and point out an importance of respecting the intrinsic energy-scale dependences in underlying theories for the determination of the mass gap. These studies are expected to be useful for a diagnosis of the magnetic catalysis in QCD.

Color superconductivity in compact stellar hybrid configurations

Science.gov (United States)

Ranea-Sandoval, Ignacio F.; Orsaria, Milva G.; Han, Sophia; Weber, Fridolin; Spinella, William M.

2017-12-01

The discovery of pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348+0432 with masses of around 2 M⊙ imposes strong constraints on the equations of state of cold, ultradense matter. If a phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter were to occur in the inner cores of such massive neutron stars, the energetically favorable state of quark matter would be a color superconductor. In this study, we analyze the stability and maximum mass of such neutron stars. The hadronic phase is described by nonlinear relativistic mean-field models, and the local Nambu-Jona Lasinio model is used to describe quark matter in the 2SC+s quark phase. The phase transition is treated as a Maxwell transition, assuming a sharp hadron-quark interface, and the "constant-sound-speed" (CSS) parametrization is employed to discuss the existence of stellar twin configurations. We find that massive neutron stars such as J1614-2230 and J0348+0432 can only exist on the connected stellar branch but not on the disconnected twin-star branch. The latter can only support stars with masses that are strictly below 2 M⊙ .

Anderson localization through Polyakov loops: Lattice evidence and random matrix model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruckmann, Falk; Schierenberg, Sebastian; Kovacs, Tamas G.

2011-01-01

We investigate low-lying fermion modes in SU(2) gauge theory at temperatures above the phase transition. Both staggered and overlap spectra reveal transitions from chaotic (random matrix) to integrable (Poissonian) behavior accompanied by an increasing localization of the eigenmodes. We show that the latter are trapped by local Polyakov loop fluctuations. Islands of such ''wrong'' Polyakov loops can therefore be viewed as defects leading to Anderson localization in gauge theories. We find strong similarities in the spatial profile of these localized staggered and overlap eigenmodes. We discuss possible interpretations of this finding and present a sparse random matrix model that reproduces these features.

Svetlichny's inequality and genuine tripartite nonlocality in three-qubit pure states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ajoy, Ashok; Rungta, Pranaw

2010-01-01

The violation of the Svetlichny's inequality (SI) [Phys. Rev. D 35, 3066 (1987)] is sufficient but not necessary for genuine tripartite nonlocal correlations. Here we quantify the relationship between tripartite entanglement and the maximum expectation value of the Svetlichny operator (which is bounded from above by the inequality) for the two inequivalent subclasses of pure three-qubit states: the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) class and the W class. We show that the maximum for the GHZ-class states reduces to Mermin's inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1838 (1990)] modulo a constant factor, and although it is a function of the three tangle and the residual concurrence, large numbers of states do not violate the inequality. We further show that by design SI is more suitable as a measure of genuine tripartite nonlocality between the three qubits in the W-class states, and the maximum is a certain function of the bipartite entanglement (the concurrence) of the three reduced states, and only when their sum attains a certain threshold value do they violate the inequality.

Proof of Polyakov conjecture on supercomplex plane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kachkachi, M.; Kouadik, S.

1994-10-01

Using Neumann series, we solve iteratively SBE to arbitrary order. Then applying this, we compute the energy momentum tensor and n points functions for generic n starting from WZP action on the supercomplex plane. We solve the superconformal Ward identity and we show that the iterative solution to arbitrary order is resumed by WZP action. This proves the Polyakov conjecture on supercomplex plane. (author). 8 refs

Tripartite entanglement versus tripartite nonlocality in three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-class states.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghose, S; Sinclair, N; Debnath, S; Rungta, P; Stock, R

2009-06-26

We analyze the relationship between tripartite entanglement and genuine tripartite nonlocality for three-qubit pure states in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger class. We consider a family of states known as the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and derive an analytical expression relating the three-tangle, which quantifies tripartite entanglement, to the Svetlichny inequality, which is a Bell-type inequality that is violated only when all three qubits are nonlocally correlated. We show that states with three-tangle less than 1/2 do not violate the Svetlichny inequality. On the other hand, a set of states known as the maximal slice states does violate the Svetlichny inequality, and exactly analogous to the two-qubit case, the amount of violation is directly related to the degree of tripartite entanglement. We discuss further interesting properties of the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and maximal slice states.

NAMBU STRUCTURES AND ASSOCIATED BIALGEBROIDS 1 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

65

on 3-ary operations, now known as Nambu mechanics. To outline the basic ...... Finally, we prove some results which are consequences of this structure. We begin with a ...... matics, 242, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2005. [10] P. Etingof and A.

Spectral split in a prompt supernova neutrino burst: Analytic three-flavor treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dasgupta, Basudeb; Dighe, Amol; Mirizzi, Alessandro; Raffelt, Georg G.

2008-01-01

The prompt ν e burst from a core-collapse supernova is subject to both matter-induced flavor conversions and strong neutrino-neutrino refractive effects. For the lowest-mass progenitors, leading to O-Ne-Mg core supernovae, the matter density profile can be so steep that the usual Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein matter effects occur within the dense-neutrino region close to the neutrino sphere. In this case a ''split'' occurs in the emerging spectrum, i.e., the ν e flavor survival probability shows a steplike feature. We explain this feature analytically as a spectral split prepared by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. In a three-flavor treatment, the steplike feature actually consists of two narrowly spaced splits. They are determined by two combinations of flavor-lepton numbers that are conserved under collective oscillations

Spectral split in a prompt supernova neutrino burst: Analytic three-flavor treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Dasgupta, Basudeb; Dighe, Amol; Mirizzi, Alessandro; Raffelt, Georg G.

2008-06-01

The prompt νe burst from a core-collapse supernova is subject to both matter-induced flavor conversions and strong neutrino-neutrino refractive effects. For the lowest-mass progenitors, leading to O-Ne-Mg core supernovae, the matter density profile can be so steep that the usual Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein matter effects occur within the dense-neutrino region close to the neutrino sphere. In this case a “split” occurs in the emerging spectrum, i.e., the νe flavor survival probability shows a steplike feature. We explain this feature analytically as a spectral split prepared by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. In a three-flavor treatment, the steplike feature actually consists of two narrowly spaced splits. They are determined by two combinations of flavor-lepton numbers that are conserved under collective oscillations.

Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential with multi electron species in magnetoplasmas

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Arroj A.; Jamil, M.; Rasheed, A.; Murtaza, G.

2013-02-01

The phenomenon of shielding of test charge in the presence of an external magnetic field (Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential) is investigated in electron ion plasmas using the approach of two temperature electrons. The modified dispersion relations of ion acoustic waves under different conditions are derived. We get different profiles of potential for different parameters and observe that the potentials fall very slowly than the standard Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential given in the reference.

Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential with multi electron species in magnetoplasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Arroj A.; Murtaza, G.; Jamil, M.; Rasheed, A.

2013-01-01

The phenomenon of shielding of test charge in the presence of an external magnetic field (Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential) is investigated in electron ion plasmas using the approach of two temperature electrons. The modified dispersion relations of ion acoustic waves under different conditions are derived. We get different profiles of potential for different parameters and observe that the potentials fall very slowly than the standard Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential given in the reference.

Three-loop evolution equation for flavor-nonsinglet operators in off-forward kinematics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braun, V.M.; Strohmaier, M. [Regensburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Manashov, A.N. [Regensburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 1. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Moch, S. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 1. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik

2017-03-15

Using the approach based on conformal symmetry we calculate the three-loop (NNLO) contribution to the evolution equation for flavor-nonsinglet leading twist operators in the MS scheme. The explicit expression for the three-loop kernel is derived for the corresponding light-ray operator in coordinate space. The expansion in local operators is performed and explicit results are given for the matrix of the anomalous dimensions for the operators up to seven covariant derivatives. The results are directly applicable to the renormalization of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude and flavor-nonsinglet generalized parton distributions.

Als Jona drei Tage im Walfisch war oder: Vom Zähneputzen!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ballhorn, Egbert

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The paper takes a case study about a correlatively oriented teaching unit on Jona in primary school as its starting point. This case study clearly shows the difficulties which correlative Bible Didactics have to face. However, it also illustrates the chances of working with the book of Jona on an intertextual basis. Based on this case study, the theoretical main features of intertextual exegesis shall be presented here. This should then lead to the development of requirements and challenges for intertextually oriented learning processes.

Effect of the Gribov horizon on the Polyakov loop and vice versa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Canfora, F.E. [Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS), Valdivia (Chile); Dudal, D. [KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk, KULAK, Department of Physics, Kortrijk (Belgium); Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gent (Belgium); Justo, I.F. [Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gent (Belgium); UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Instituto de Fisica, Maracana, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Pais, P. [Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS), Valdivia (Chile); Universite Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes, Physique Theorique et Mathematique, Brussels (Belgium); Rosa, L. [Universita di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica, Monte S. Angelo (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Monte S. Angelo (Italy); Vercauteren, D. [Duy Tan University, Institute of Research and Development, Da Nang (Viet Nam)

2015-07-15

We consider finite-temperature SU(2) gauge theory in the continuum formulation, which necessitates the choice of a gauge fixing. Choosing the Landau gauge, the existing gauge copies are taken into account by means of the Gribov-Zwanziger quantization scheme, which entails the introduction of a dynamical mass scale (Gribov mass) directly influencing the Green functions of the theory. Here, we determine simultaneously the Polyakov loop (vacuum expectation value) and Gribov mass in terms of temperature, by minimizing the vacuum energy w.r.t. the Polyakov-loop parameter and solving the Gribov gap equation. Inspired by the Casimir energy-style of computation, we illustrate the usage of Zeta function regularization in finite-temperature calculations. Our main result is that the Gribov mass directly feels the deconfinement transition, visible from a cusp occurring at the same temperature where the Polyakov loop becomes nonzero. In this exploratory work we mainly restrict ourselves to the original Gribov-Zwanziger quantization procedure in order to illustrate the approach and the potential direct link between the vacuum structure of the theory (dynamical mass scales) and (de)confinement. We also present a first look at the critical temperature obtained from the refined Gribov-Zwanziger approach. Finally, a particular problem for the pressure at low temperatures is reported. (orig.)

Anatomy of the magnetic catalysis by renormalization-group method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koichi Hattori

2017-12-01

Full Text Available We first examine the scaling argument for a renormalization-group (RG analysis applied to a system subject to the dimensional reduction in strong magnetic fields, and discuss the fact that a four-Fermi operator of the low-energy excitations is marginal irrespective of the strength of the coupling constant in underlying theories. We then construct a scale-dependent effective four-Fermi interaction as a result of screened photon exchanges at weak coupling, and establish the RG method appropriately including the screening effect, in which the RG evolution from ultraviolet to infrared scales is separated into two stages by the screening-mass scale. Based on a precise agreement between the dynamical mass gaps obtained from the solutions of the RG and Schwinger–Dyson equations, we discuss an equivalence between these two approaches. Focusing on QED and Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, we clarify how the properties of the interactions manifest themselves in the mass gap, and point out an importance of respecting the intrinsic energy-scale dependences in underlying theories for the determination of the mass gap. These studies are expected to be useful for a diagnosis of the magnetic catalysis in QCD.

Quark model calculations of current correlators in the nonperturbative domain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Celenza, L.S.; Shakin, C.M.; Sun, W.D.

1995-01-01

The authors study the vector-isovector current correlator in this work, making use of a generalized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. In their work, the original NJL model is extended to describe the coupling of the quark-antiquark states to the two-pion continuum. Further, a model for confinement is introduced that is seen to remove the nonphysical cuts that appear in various amplitudes when the quark and antiquark go on mass shell. Quite satisfactory results are obtained for the correlator. The authors also use the correlator to define a T-matrix for confined quarks and discuss a rho-dominance model for that T-matrix. It is also seen that the Bethe-Salpeter equation that determines the rho mass (in the absence of the coupling to the two-pion continuum) has more satisfactory behavior in the generalized model than in the model without confinement. That improved behavior is here related to the absence of the q bar q cut in the basic quark-loop integral of the generalized model. In this model, it is seen how one may work with both quark and hadron degrees of freedom, with only the hadrons appearing as physical particles. 12 refs., 16 figs., 1 tab

Surface green function matching for a three-dimensional non-local continuum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Idiodi, J.O.A.

1985-07-01

With a view toward helping to bridge the gap, from the continuum side, between discrete and continuum models of crystalline, elastic solids, explicit results are presented for non-local stress tensors that describe exactly some lattice dynamical models that have been widely used in the literature for cubic lattices. The Surface Green Function Matching (SGFM) method, which has been used successfully for a variety of surface problems, is then extended, within a continuum approach, to a non-local continuum that models a three-dimensional discrete lattice. The practical use of the method is demonstrated by performing a fairly complete analytical study of the vibrational surface modes of the SCC semi-infinite medium. Some results are presented for the [100] direction of the (001) surface of the SCC lattice. (author)

Jonas Olson's Evidence for Moral Error Theory

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Evers, Daan

2016-01-01

Jonas Olson defends a moral error theory in (2014). I first argue that Olson is not justified in believing the error theory as opposed to moral nonnaturalism in his own opinion. I then argue that Olson is not justified in believing the error theory as opposed to moral contextualism either (although

Nonlocal symmetries and nonlocal conservation laws of Maxwell's equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anco, S.C.; Bluman, G.

1997-01-01

Nonlocal symmetries are obtained for Maxwell's equations in three space-time dimensions through the use of two potential systems involving scalar and vector potentials for the electromagnetic field. Corresponding nonlocal conservation laws are derived from these symmetries. The conservation laws yield nine functionally independent constants of motion which cannot be expressed in terms of the constants of motion arising from local conservation laws for space-time symmetries. These nine constants of motion represent additional conserved quantities for the electromagnetic field in three space endash time dimensions. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

QCD at Zero Baryon Density and the Polyakov Loop Paradox

CERN Document Server

Kratochvila, S; Forcrand, Ph. de

2006-01-01

We compare the grand canonical partition function at fixed chemical potential mu with the canonical partition function at fixed baryon number B, formally and by numerical simulations at mu=0 and B=0 with four flavours of staggered quarks. We verify that the free energy densities are equal in the thermodynamic limit, and show that they can be well described by the hadron resonance gas at T T_c. Small differences between the two ensembles, for thermodynamic observables characterising the deconfinement phase transition, vanish with increasing lattice size. These differences are solely caused by contributions of non-zero baryon density sectors, which are exponentially suppressed with increasing volume. The Polyakov loop shows a different behaviour: for all temperatures and volumes, its expectation value is exactly zero in the canonical formulation, whereas it is always non-zero in the commonly used grand-canonical formulation. We clarify this paradoxical difference, and show that the non-vanishing Polyakov loop e...

YoichiroNambu: Seer* ofModernPhysics

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 14; Issue 6. Yoichiro Nambu: Seer of Modern Physics. N D Hari Dass. General Article Volume 14 Issue 6 June 2009 pp ... DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India. Hon. Director, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific ...

Three symmetric positive solutions of fourth-order singular nonlocal boundary value problems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fuyi Xu

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we study the existence of three positive solutions of fourth-order singular nonlocal boundary value problems. We show that there exist triple symmetric positive solutions by using Leggett-Williams fixed-point theorem. The conclusions in this paper essentially extend and improve some known results.

Symmetry restoration at high-temperature in two-color and two-flavor lattice gauge theories

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jong-Wan [Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University,Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, Wales (United Kingdom); Department of Physics, Pusan National University,Busan 46241 (Korea, Republic of); Extreme Physics Institute, Pusan National University,Busan 46241 (Korea, Republic of); Lucini, Biagio; Piai, Maurizio [Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University,Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, Wales (United Kingdom)

2017-04-07

We consider the SU(2) gauge theory with N{sub f}=2 flavors of Dirac fundamental fermions. We study the high-temperature behavior of the spectra of mesons, discretizing the theory on anisotropic lattices, and measuring the two-point correlation functions in the temporal direction as well as screening masses in various channels. We identify the (pseudo-)critical temperature as the temperature at which the susceptibility associated with the Polyakov loop has a maximum. At high temperature both the spin-1 and spin-0 sectors of the light meson spectra exhibit enhanced symmetry properties, indicating the restoration of both the global SU(4) and the axial U(1){sub A} symmetries of the model.

Transport coefficients from SU(3) Polyakov linear-σ model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tawfik, A.; Diab, A.

2015-01-01

In the mean field approximation, the grand potential of SU(3) Polyakov linear-σ model (PLSM) is analyzed for the order parameter of the light and strange chiral phase-transitions, σ l and σ s , respectively, and for the deconfinement order parameters φ and φ*. Furthermore, the subtracted condensate Δ l,s and the chiral order-parameters M b are compared with lattice QCD calculations. By using the dynamical quasiparticle model (DQPM), which can be considered as a system of noninteracting massive quasiparticles, we have evaluated the decay width and the relaxation time of quarks and gluons. In the framework of LSM and with Polyakov loop corrections included, the interaction measure Δ/T 4 , the specific heat c v and speed of sound squared c s 2 have been determined, as well as the temperature dependence of the normalized quark number density n q /T 3 and the quark number susceptibilities χ q /T 2 at various values of the baryon chemical potential. The electric and heat conductivity, σ e and κ, and the bulk and shear viscosities normalized to the thermal entropy, ζ/s and η/s, are compared with available results of lattice QCD calculations.

Three-player conflicting interest games and nonlocality

Science.gov (United States)

Bolonek-Lasoń, Katarzyna

2017-08-01

We outline the general construction of three-player games with incomplete information which fulfil the following conditions: (i) symmetry with respect to the permutations of players; (ii) the existence of an upper bound for total payoff resulting from Bell inequalities; (iii) the existence of both fair and unfair Nash equilibria saturating this bound. Conditions (i)-(iii) imply that we are dealing with conflicting interest games. An explicit example of such a game is given. A quantum counterpart of this game is considered. It is obtained by keeping the same utilities but replacing classical advisor by a quantum one. It is shown that the quantum game possesses only fair equilibria with strictly higher payoffs than in the classical case. This implies that quantum nonlocality can be used to resolve the conflict between the players.

Nonlocal response in thin-film waveguides: Loss versus nonlocality and breaking of complementarity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Raza, Søren; Christensen, Thomas; Wubs, Martijn

2013-01-01

the Thomas-Fermi internal kinetic energy of the free electrons in the metal. We derive the nonlocal dispersion relations of the three waveguide structures taking into account also retardation and interband effects, and examine the delicate interplay between nonlocal response and absorption losses...

Aspects of meson-baryon scattering in three- and two-flavor chiral perturbation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mai, Maxim; Bruns, Peter C.; Kubis, Bastian; Meissner, Ulf-G.

2009-01-01

We analyze meson-baryon scattering lengths in the framework of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory at leading one-loop order. We compute the complete set of matching relations between the dimension-two low-energy constants in the two- and three-flavor formulations of the theory. We derive new two-flavor low-energy theorems for pion-hyperon scattering that can be tested in lattice simulations.

Tobias, Rudolf: Des Jona Sendung / Olivier Opdebeeck

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Opdebeeck, Olivier

1996-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Tobias, Rudolf: Des Jona Sendung. Pille Lill (soprano), Urve Tauts (mezzo-soprano), Peter Svensson (tenor), Raimo Laukka (baryton), Mati Palm (basse); Choeur d'Oratorio, Choeur de chambre Philharmonique d'Estonie, Choeur de garcons de Tallinn, Orchestre Symphonique d'Etat d'Estonie, Neeme Järvi" BIS CD-731/732, distribution Arcade 8000 716 (2 CD: 290F). TT: 1h 54'13"

Topological Symmetry, Spin Liquids and CFT Duals of Polyakov Model with Massless Fermions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Unsal, Mithat

2008-04-30

We prove the absence of a mass gap and confinement in the Polyakov model with massless complex fermions in any representation of the gauge group. A U(1){sub *} topological shift symmetry protects the masslessness of one dual photon. This symmetry emerges in the IR as a consequence of the Callias index theorem and abelian duality. For matter in the fundamental representation, the infrared limits of this class of theories interpolate between weakly and strongly coupled conformal field theory (CFT) depending on the number of flavors, and provide an infinite class of CFTs in d = 3 dimensions. The long distance physics of the model is same as certain stable spin liquids. Altering the topology of the adjoint Higgs field by turning it into a compact scalar does not change the long distance dynamics in perturbation theory, however, non-perturbative effects lead to a mass gap for the gauge fluctuations. This provides conceptual clarity to many subtle issues about compact QED{sub 3} discussed in the context of quantum magnets, spin liquids and phase fluctuation models in cuprate superconductors. These constructions also provide new insights into zero temperature gauge theory dynamics on R{sup 2,1} and R{sup 2,1} x S{sup 1}. The confined versus deconfined long distance dynamics is characterized by a discrete versus continuous topological symmetry.

Quantum nonlocality in two three-level systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acin, A.; Durt, T.; Gisin, N.; Latorre, J.I.

2002-01-01

Recently a new Bell inequality has been introduced by Collins et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 040404 (2002)], which is strongly resistant to noise for maximally entangled states of two d-dimensional quantum systems. We prove that a larger violation, or equivalently a stronger resistance to noise, is found for a nonmaximally entangled state. It is shown that the resistance to noise is not a good measure of nonlocality and we introduce some other possible measures. The nonmaximally entangled state turns out to be more robust also for these alternative measures. From these results it follows that two von Neumann measurements per party may be not optimal for detecting nonlocality. For d=3,4, we point out some connections between this inequality and distillability. Indeed, we demonstrate that any state violating it, with the optimal von Neumann settings, is distillable

Nonlocal quasinormal modes for arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional plasmonic resonators

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kamandar Dezfouli, Mohsen; Tserkezis, Christos; Mortensen, N. Asger

2017-01-01

Nonlocal effects have been shown to be responsible for a variety of non-trivial optical effects in small-size plasmonic nanoparticles, beyond classical electrodynamics. However, it is not clear whether optical mode descriptions can be applied to such extreme confinement regimes. Here, we present...... quasinormal modes, even at the single mode level. We exemplify the use of this theory by calculating the Purcell factors of single quantum emitters, the electron energy-loss spectroscopy spatial maps, as well as the Mollow triplet spectra of field-driven quantum dots with and without nonlocal effects...... for different size nanoresonators. Our nonlocal quasinormal mode theory offers a reliable and efficient technique to study both classical and quantum optical problems in nanoplasmonics....

Crystallography of three-flavor quark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajagopal, Krishna; Sharma, Rishi

2006-01-01

We analyze and compare candidate crystal structures for the crystalline color superconducting phase that may arise in cold, dense but not asymptotically dense, three-flavor quark matter. We determine the gap parameter Δ and free energy Ω(Δ) for many possible crystal structures within a Ginzburg-Landau approximation, evaluating Ω(Δ) to order Δ 6 . In contrast to the two-flavor case, we find a positive Δ 6 term and hence an Ω(Δ) that is bounded from below for all the structures that we analyze. This means that we are able to evaluate Δ and Ω as a function of the splitting between Fermi surfaces for all the structures we consider. We find two structures with particularly robust values of Δ and the condensation energy, within a factor of 2 of those for the CFL phase which is known to characterize QCD at asymptotically large densities. The robustness of these phases results in their being favored over wide ranges of density. However, it also implies that the Ginzburg-Landau approximation is not quantitatively reliable. We develop qualitative insights into what makes a crystal structure favorable, and use these to winnow the possibilities. The two structures that we find to be most favorable are both built from condensates with face-centered cubic symmetry: in one case, the and condensates are separately face-centered cubic; in the other case and combined make up a face-centered cube

Review of the Czubek--Jonas gamma-log program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matthews, M.

1978-11-01

Several gamma-ray logs were computer processed using the Czubek--Jones and DOE's MDDAT gamma-log programs. Both of these programs convert counts per second from the gamma-ray logs to percent eU 3 O 8 . The results of these programs were compared to each other and to the core analysis (percent U 3 O 8 ) of the logged boreholes. The two gamma-log programs produced similar results. The core analysis did not compare favorably with the results of either gamma-log program. This unfavorable comparison is probably due to an incorrect assumption of secular equilibrium for the ore surrounding the boreholes. The Czubek--Jonas program requires a knowledge of the linear attenuation coefficient of the rocks surrounding a borehole. This limits the usefulness of the program because this coefficient is generally not known and varies for different gamma-ray energies. It is recommended that the MDDAT program continue to be used for estimating the grade (percent eU 3 O 8 ) from gamma-log data and not be replaced by the Czubek--Jonas program

The Polyakov relation for the sphere and higher genus surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menotti, Pietro

2016-01-01

The Polyakov relation, which in the sphere topology gives the changes of the Liouville action under the variation of the position of the sources, is also related in the case of higher genus to the dependence of the action on the moduli of the surface. We write and prove such a relation for genus 1 and for all hyperelliptic surfaces. (paper)

Three-flavor color superconductivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malekzadeh, H.

2007-12-15

I investigate some of the inert phases in three-flavor, spin-zero color-superconducting quark matter: the CFL phase (the analogue of the B phase in superfluid {sup 3}He), the A and A{sup *} phases, and the 2SC and sSC phases. I compute the pressure of these phases with and without the neutrality condition. Without the neutrality condition, after the CFL phase the sSC phase is the dominant phase. However, including the neutrality condition, the CFL phase is again the energetically favored phase except for a small region of intermediate densities where the 2SC/A{sup *} phase is favored. It is shown that the 2SC phase is identical to the A{sup *} phase up to a color rotation. In addition, I calculate the self-energies and the spectral densities of longitudinal and transverse gluons at zero temperature in color-superconducting quark matter in the CFL phase. I find a collective excitation, a plasmon, at energies smaller than two times the gap parameter and momenta smaller than about eight times the gap. The dispersion relation of this mode exhibits a minimum at some nonzero value of momentum, indicating a van Hove singularity. (orig.)

Three-flavor color superconductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malekzadeh, H.

2007-12-01

I investigate some of the inert phases in three-flavor, spin-zero color-superconducting quark matter: the CFL phase (the analogue of the B phase in superfluid 3 He), the A and A * phases, and the 2SC and sSC phases. I compute the pressure of these phases with and without the neutrality condition. Without the neutrality condition, after the CFL phase the sSC phase is the dominant phase. However, including the neutrality condition, the CFL phase is again the energetically favored phase except for a small region of intermediate densities where the 2SC/A * phase is favored. It is shown that the 2SC phase is identical to the A * phase up to a color rotation. In addition, I calculate the self-energies and the spectral densities of longitudinal and transverse gluons at zero temperature in color-superconducting quark matter in the CFL phase. I find a collective excitation, a plasmon, at energies smaller than two times the gap parameter and momenta smaller than about eight times the gap. The dispersion relation of this mode exhibits a minimum at some nonzero value of momentum, indicating a van Hove singularity. (orig.)

Three-body models of the 6ΛΛHe and 9ΛBe hypernuclei with non-local interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Theeten, M.; Baye, D.; Descouvemont, P.

2005-01-01

A three-body model involving non-local interactions is developed in configuration space. It is based on a hyperspherical-harmonics expansion and the Lagrange-mesh method. The 6 ΛΛ He and 9 Λ Be hypernuclei are studied as three-body αΛΛ and ααΛ systems. Recently proposed quark-model based ΛN and ΛΛ interactions are used. A non-local Λα interaction is obtained by folding the ΛN interaction with a Gaussian α density. Various phenomenological αα interactions are employed. The results agree within 1 keV with recent Faddeev calculations in momentum space. Energies and radii of 6 ΛΛ He and 9 Λ Be are compared with a purely local model. The B(E2) between the 9 Λ Be bound states is also calculated. The role of non-locality is discussed

Ground State Energy of the Modified Nambu-Goto String

Science.gov (United States)

Hadasz, Leszek

We calculate, using zeta function regularization method, semiclassical energy of the Nambu-Goto string supplemented with the boundary, Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and discuss the tachyonic ground state problem.

Ground state energy of the modified Nambu-Goto string

OpenAIRE

Hadasz, Leszek

1997-01-01

We calculate, using zeta function regularization method, semiclassical energy of the Nambu-Goto string supplemented with the boundary, Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and discuss the tachyonic ground state problem.

One-loop regularization of the Polyakov string functional

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, E.; Kluberg-Stern, H.; Peschanski, R.

1989-01-01

The divergences of the vacuum amplitude for the bosonic Polyakov string are studied at the one-loop level in a modular invariant regularization scheme, characterized by a dimensional cutoff analogous to proper time. As a result, the singular behaviour in the cutoff is not uniform in the range of the modulus variable and this yields a control on the singularities induced by the tachyon and the dilaton. The divergences are those of a sigma model, but the coefficients of the sigma-model counter-terms are different for the sphere and the flat torus. (orig.)

Scheme for Building a 't Hooft-Polyakov Monopole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sonner, Julian; Tong, David

2009-01-01

We study a simple quantum mechanical model of a spinning particle moving on a sphere in the presence of a magnetic field. The system has two ground states. As the magnetic field is varied, the ground states mix through a non-Abelian Berry phase. We show that this Berry phase is the path ordered exponential of the smooth SU(2)'t Hooft-Polyakov monopole. We further show that, by adjusting a potential on the sphere, the monopole becomes a Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield monopole and obeys the Bogomol'nyi equations.

Normal ground state of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorbar, E. V.; Miransky, V. A.; Shovkovy, I. A.

2011-01-01

The properties of the ground state of relativistic matter in a magnetic field are examined within the framework of a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The main emphasis of this study is the normal ground state, which is realized at sufficiently high temperatures and/or sufficiently large chemical potentials. In contrast to the vacuum state, which is characterized by the magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking, the normal state is accompanied by the dynamical generation of the chiral shift parameter Δ. In the chiral limit, the value of Δ determines a relative shift of the longitudinal momenta (along the direction of the magnetic field) in the dispersion relations of opposite chirality fermions. We argue that the chirality remains a good approximate quantum number even for massive fermions in the vicinity of the Fermi surface and, therefore, the chiral shift is expected to play an important role in many types of cold dense relativistic matter, relevant for applications in compact stars. The qualitative implications of the revealed structure of the normal ground state on the physics of protoneutron stars are discussed. A noticeable feature of the Δ parameter is that it is insensitive to temperature when T 0 , where μ 0 is the chemical potential, and increases with temperature for T>μ 0 . The latter implies that the chiral shift parameter is also generated in the regime relevant for heavy ion collisions.

Chiral and color-superconducting phase transitions with vector interaction in a simple model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitazawa, Masakiyo; Koide, Tomoi; Kunihiro, Teiji; Nemoto, Yukio

2002-01-01

We investigate effects of the vector interaction on chiral and color superconducting (CSC) phase transitions at finite density and temperature in a simple Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is shown that the repulsive density-density interaction coming from the vector term, which is present in the effective chiral models but has been omitted, enhances the competition between the chiral symmetry breaking (χSB) and CSC phase transition, and thereby makes the thermodynamic potential have a shallow minimum over a wide range of values of the correlated chiral and CSC order parameters. We find that when the vector coupling is increased, the first order transition between the χSB and CSC phases becomes weaker, and the coexisting phase in which both the chiral and color-gauge symmetry are dynamically broken comes to exist over a wider range of the density and temperature. We also show that there can exist two endpoints, which are tricritical points in the chiral limit, along the critical line of the first order transition in some range of values of the vector coupling. Although our analysis is based on a simple model, the nontrivial interplay between the χSB and CSC phases induced by the vector interaction is expected to be a universal phenomenon and might give a clue to understanding results obtained with two-color QCD on the lattice. (author)

Short-range correlations in quark and nuclear matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Froemel, Frank

2007-06-15

In the first part of this thesis, the role of short-range correlations in quark matter is explored within the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Starting from a next-to-leading order expansion in the inverse number of the quark colors, a fully self-consistent model constructed that employs the close relations between spectral functions and self-energies. In contrast to the usual quasiparticle approximations, this approach allows the investigation of the collisional broadening of the quark spectral function. Numerical calculations at various chemical potentials and zero temperature show that the short-range correlations do not only induce a finite width of the spectral function but also have some influence on the structure of the chiral phase transition. In the second part of this thesis, the temperature and density dependence of the nucleon spectral function in symmetric nuclear matter is investigated. The short-range correlations can be well described by a simple, self-consistent model on the one-particle-two-hole and two-particle-one-hole level (1p2h, 2p1h). The thermodynamically consistent description of the mean-field properties of the nucleons is ensured by incorporating a Skyrme-type potential. Calculations at temperatures and densities that can also be found in heavy-ion collisions or supernova explosions and the formation of neutron stars show that the correlations saturate at high temperatures and densities. (orig.)

Controlling measurement-induced nonlocality in the Heisenberg XX model by three-spin interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Yu-Xia; Sun, Yu-Hang; Li, Zhao

2018-01-01

We investigate the well-defined measures of measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN) for thermal states of the transverse field XX model, with the addition of three-spin interaction terms being introduced. The results showed that the MINs are very sensitive to system parameters of the chain. The three-spin interactions can serve as flexible parameters for enhancing MINs of the boundary spins, and the maximum enhancement achievable by varying strengths of the three-spin interactions are different for the chain with different number of spins.

The relation between Polyakov's and Fradkin's path integrals for bosonic string

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaskolski, Z.; Rytel, L.; Klimek, M.

1987-04-01

The relation between Polyakov's path integral and Fradkin's integral in extended phase space is analyzed on an example of a free closed bosonic string. It is shown in D=26 that locally, in every Teichmueller sector, both methods provide the same result. Beyond D=26 Fradkin's integral appears to be depending on the gauge fixing. (author). 12 refs

Spin-polarized versus chiral condensate in quark matter at finite temperature and density

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Matsuoka, Hiroaki; Tsue, Yasuhiko; da Providencia, Joao

2016-01-01

It is shown that the spin-polarized condensate appears in quark matter at high baryon density and low temperature due to the tensor-type four-point interaction in the Nambu-Jona-Lasiniotype model as a low-energy effective theory of quantum chromodynamics. It is indicated within this low-energy ef...

Experimental investigation of tripartite entanglement and nonlocality in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Jia-Qiang; Cao, Lian-Zhen; Wang, Xiao-Qin [Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061 (China); Lu, Huai-Xin, E-mail: huaixinlu@yahoo.cn [Department of Physics and Electronic Science, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061 (China)

2012-07-16

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the tripartite entanglement defined by V. Coffman [Phys. Rev. A 61 (2000) 052306] and nonlocality expressed by the Mermin inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1838] in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) states. Using our GGHZ states with fidelity ∼0.84, we demonstrate experimentally the theoretical results of tripartite entanglement and the Mermin theorem successfully. It is shown that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. -- Highlights: ► We theoretically calculated the tripartite entanglement and expressed the expectation value of Mermin operator in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) states. ► We demonstrate experimentally the theoretical results of tripartite entanglement and Mermin theorem successfully. ► The unique relationship between tripartite entanglement and tripartite nonlocality in GGHZ states have been shown.

Experimental investigation of tripartite entanglement and nonlocality in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, Jia-Qiang; Cao, Lian-Zhen; Wang, Xiao-Qin; Lu, Huai-Xin

2012-01-01

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the tripartite entanglement defined by V. Coffman [Phys. Rev. A 61 (2000) 052306] and nonlocality expressed by the Mermin inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1838] in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) states. Using our GGHZ states with fidelity ∼0.84, we demonstrate experimentally the theoretical results of tripartite entanglement and the Mermin theorem successfully. It is shown that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. -- Highlights: ► We theoretically calculated the tripartite entanglement and expressed the expectation value of Mermin operator in three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) states. ► We demonstrate experimentally the theoretical results of tripartite entanglement and Mermin theorem successfully. ► The unique relationship between tripartite entanglement and tripartite nonlocality in GGHZ states have been shown.

Nonlocal gravity

CERN Document Server

Mashhoon, Bahram

2017-01-01

Relativity theory is based on a postulate of locality, which means that the past history of the observer is not directly taken into account. This book argues that the past history should be taken into account. In this way, nonlocality---in the sense of history dependence---is introduced into relativity theory. The deep connection between inertia and gravitation suggests that gravity could be nonlocal, and in nonlocal gravity the fading gravitational memory of past events must then be taken into account. Along this line of thought, a classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation has recently been developed. A significant consequence of this theory is that the nonlocal aspect of gravity appears to simulate dark matter. According to nonlocal gravity theory, what astronomers attribute to dark matter should instead be due to the nonlocality of gravitation. Nonlocality dominates on the scale of galaxies and beyond. Memory fades with time; therefore, the nonlocal aspect of gravity becomes wea...

Polyakov loop and spin correlators on finite lattices. A study beyond the mass gap

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Engels, J.; Neuhaus, T.

1995-01-01

We derive an analytic expression for point-to-point correlation functions of the Polyakov loop based on the transfer matrix formalism. For the 2D Ising model we show that the results deduced from point-point spin correlators are coinciding with those from zero momentum correlators. We investigate the contributions from eigenvalues of the transfer matrix beyond the mass gap and discuss the limitations and possibilities of such an analysis. The finite size behaviour of the obtained 2D Ising model matrix elements is examined. The point-to-point correlator formula is then applied to Polyakov loop data in finite temperature SU(2) gauge theory. The leading matrix element shows all expected scaling properties. Just above the critical point we find a Debye screening mass μ D /T∼4, independent of the volume. ((orig.))

Hans Jonas' thought on the ethics of research on human subjects

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Olaleye

use animals for research and experimentations to research on human subjects. Jonas upholds the ..... examples of ethical theory, the less said about it the better. But what is allowable .... Also, man seeks self-gratification and self- promotion.

Color superconductivity. Phase diagrams and Goldstone bosons in the color-flavor locked phase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleinhaus, Verena

2009-04-29

The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is studied with great experimental and theoretical effort and is one of the most fascinating research areas in modern particle physics. It is believed that color superconducting phases, in which quarks form Cooper pairs, appear at very high densities and low temperatures. Such phases could appear in the cores of neutron stars. In this work color superconducting phases are studied within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. First of all, the phase diagram of neutral matter in beta equilibrium is calculated for two different diquark couplings. To this end, we determine the dynamical quark masses self-consistently together with the order parameters of color superconductivity. The interplay between neutrality and quark masses results in an interesting phase structure, in particular for the smaller diquark coupling. In the following, we additionally include a conserved lepton number to map the situation in the first few seconds of the evolution of a protoneutron star when neutrinos are trapped. This has a huge influence on the phase structure and favors the 2SC phase compared to the CFL phase. In the second part of this work we concentrate on the CFL phase which is characterized by a special symmetry breaking pattern. The properties of the resulting nine pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons (GB) are studied by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for quark-quark scattering. The GB are the lowest-lying excitations in the CFL phase and therefore play an important role for the thermodynamics of the system. The properties of the GB can also be described by the low-energy effective theory (LEET) for the CFL phase. There the respective low-energy constants are derived for asymptotically high densities where the strong force is weak and can be treated perturbatively. Our aim is the comparison of our results with these predictions, on the one hand to check our model in the weak-coupling limit and on the other hand to derive information about

Color superconductivity: Phase diagrams and Goldstone bosons in the color-flavor locked phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleinhaus, Verena

2009-01-01

The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is studied with great experimental and theoretical effort and is one of the most fascinating research areas in modern particle physics. It is believed that color superconducting phases, in which quarks form Cooper pairs, appear at very high densities and low temperatures. Such phases could appear in the cores of neutron stars. In this work color superconducting phases are studied within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. First of all, the phase diagram of neutral matter in beta equilibrium is calculated for two different diquark couplings. To this end, we determine the dynamical quark masses self-consistently together with the order parameters of color superconductivity. The interplay between neutrality and quark masses results in an interesting phase structure, in particular for the smaller diquark coupling. In the following, we additionally include a conserved lepton number to map the situation in the first few seconds of the evolution of a protoneutron star when neutrinos are trapped. This has a huge influence on the phase structure and favors the 2SC phase compared to the CFL phase. In the second part of this work we concentrate on the CFL phase which is characterized by a special symmetry breaking pattern. The properties of the resulting nine pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons (GB) are studied by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for quark-quark scattering. The GB are the lowest-lying excitations in the CFL phase and therefore play an important role for the thermodynamics of the system. The properties of the GB can also be described by the low-energy effective theory (LEET) for the CFL phase. There the respective low-energy constants are derived for asymptotically high densities where the strong force is weak and can be treated perturbatively. Our aim is the comparison of our results with these predictions, on the one hand to check our model in the weak-coupling limit and on the other hand to derive information about

On a non-local gas dynamics like integrable hierarchy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brunelli, Jose Carlos; Das, Ashok

2004-01-01

We study a new hierarchy of equations derived from the system of isentropic gas dynamics equations where the pressure is a non-local function of the density. We show that the hierarchy of equations is integrable. We construct the two compatible Hamiltonian structures and show that the first structure has three distinct Casimirs while the second has one. The existence of Casimirs allows us to extend the flows to local ones. We construct an infinite series of commuting local Hamiltonians as well as three infinite series (related to the three Casimirs) of non-local charges. We discuss the zero curvature formulation of the system where we obtain a simple expression for the non-local conserved charges, which also clarifies the existence of the three series from a Lie algebraic point of view. We point out that the non-local hierarchy of Hunter-Zheng equations can be obtained from our non-local flows when the dynamical variables are properly constrained. (author)

Unified criteria for multipartite quantum nonlocality

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalcanti, E. G. [Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111 (Australia); He, Q. Y.; Reid, M. D. [Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Centre for Quantum-Atom Optics (Australian Research Council), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne (Australia); Wiseman, H. M. [Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111 (Australia); Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111 (Australia)

2011-09-15

Wiseman and co-workers [H. M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, and A. C. Doherty, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140402, (2007)] proposed a distinction among the nonlocality classes of Bell's nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox or steering, and entanglement based on whether or not an overseer trusts each party in a bipartite scenario where they are asked to demonstrate entanglement. Here we extend that concept to the multipartite case and derive inequalities that progressively test for those classes of nonlocality, with different thresholds for each level. This framework includes the three classes of nonlocality above in special cases and introduces a family of others.

Unified criteria for multipartite quantum nonlocality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavalcanti, E. G.; He, Q. Y.; Reid, M. D.; Wiseman, H. M.

2011-01-01

Wiseman and co-workers [H. M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, and A. C. Doherty, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140402, (2007)] proposed a distinction among the nonlocality classes of Bell's nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox or steering, and entanglement based on whether or not an overseer trusts each party in a bipartite scenario where they are asked to demonstrate entanglement. Here we extend that concept to the multipartite case and derive inequalities that progressively test for those classes of nonlocality, with different thresholds for each level. This framework includes the three classes of nonlocality above in special cases and introduces a family of others.

Quantum Nonlocality and Beyond: Limits from Nonlocal Computation

Science.gov (United States)

Linden, Noah; Popescu, Sandu; Short, Anthony J.; Winter, Andreas

2007-11-01

We address the problem of “nonlocal computation,” in which separated parties must compute a function without any individual learning anything about the inputs. Surprisingly, entanglement provides no benefit over local classical strategies for such tasks, yet stronger nonlocal correlations allow perfect success. This provides intriguing insights into the limits of quantum information processing, the nature of quantum nonlocality, and the differences between quantum and stronger-than-quantum nonlocal correlations.

Three loop contributions to the matrix elements in the variable flavor number scheme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bluemlein, Johannes; Hasselhuhn, Alexander [DESY (Germany); Schneider, Carsten [RISC, JKU Linz (Austria)

2012-07-01

The variable flavor number scheme may be used to describe parton distributions in the transition region in which one heavy quark gradually becomes a light flavor. We present first three-loop results to the massive operator matrix elements A{sub gg} and A{sub gq} for the contributions due to bubble topologies {proportional_to}T{sub F}{sup 2} n{sub f} at general values of the Mellin variable N. The calculation has been performed using higher transcendental functions and by applying modern summation technologies encoded in the package Sigma. These massive operator matrix elements describe the universal contributions in the matching of different flavor sectors, which are the logarithmic and constant contributions in the ratio of m{sup 2}{sub H}/Q{sup 2}, with Q{sup 2} the virtuality and m{sub H} the respective heavy quark mass. The framework allows to derive heavy quark parton distributions which are of relevance for calculating specific processes at hadron-hadron colliders.

Study of the BRS charge in the Polyakov string by the Kugo-Ojima method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abad, J.; Rodriguez-Trias, R. (Zaragoza Univ. (Spain). Facultad de Ciencias)

1988-01-01

Using the method of Kugo and Ojima the authors obtain the Becchi-Rouet-Stora charge in the string theory proposed by Polyakov. When a conformal improved energy-momentum tensor is used, they obtain the same BRS charge that emerges from other methods.

Unified criteria for multipartite quantum nonlocality

Science.gov (United States)

Cavalcanti, E. G.; He, Q. Y.; Reid, M. D.; Wiseman, H. M.

2011-09-01

Wiseman and co-workers [H. M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, and A. C. Doherty, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.98.140402 98, 140402, (2007)] proposed a distinction among the nonlocality classes of Bell's nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox or steering, and entanglement based on whether or not an overseer trusts each party in a bipartite scenario where they are asked to demonstrate entanglement. Here we extend that concept to the multipartite case and derive inequalities that progressively test for those classes of nonlocality, with different thresholds for each level. This framework includes the three classes of nonlocality above in special cases and introduces a family of others.

Magnetic Monopoles and Topology of Yang-Mills Theory in Polyakov Gauge

OpenAIRE

Quandt, M.; Reinhardt, H.; Schafke, A.

1998-01-01

We express the Pontryagin index in Polyakov gauge completely in terms of magnetically charged gauge fixing defects, namely magnetic monopoles, lines, and domain walls. Open lines and domain walls are topologically equivalent to monopoles, which are the genuine defects. The emergence of non-genuine magnetically charged closed domain walls can be avoided by choosing the temporal gauge field smoothly. The Pontryagin index is then exclusively determined by the magnetic monopoles.

Seiberg-Witten and 'Polyakov-like' Magnetic Bion Confinements are Continuously Connected

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poppitz, Erich; /Toronto U.; Unsal, Mithat; /SLAC /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.

2012-06-01

We study four-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric pure-gauge (Seiberg-Witten) theory and its N = 1 mass perturbation by using compactification on S{sup 1} x R{sup 3}. It is well known that on R{sup 4} (or at large S{sup 1} size L) the perturbed theory realizes confinement through monopole or dyon condensation. At small S{sup 1}, we demonstrate that confinement is induced by a generalization of Polyakov's three-dimensional instanton mechanism to a locally four-dimensional theory - the magnetic bion mechanism - which also applies to a large class of nonsupersymmetric theories. Using a large- vs. small-L Poisson duality, we show that the two mechanisms of confinement, previously thought to be distinct, are in fact continuously connected.

Entanglement and nonlocality in multi-particle systems

Science.gov (United States)

Reid, Margaret D.; He, Qiong-Yi; Drummond, Peter D.

2012-02-01

Entanglement, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and Bell's failure of local-hiddenvariable (LHV) theories are three historically famous forms of "quantum nonlocality". We give experimental criteria for these three forms of nonlocality in multi-particle systems, with the aim of better understanding the transition from microscopic to macroscopic nonlocality. We examine the nonlocality of N separated spin J systems. First, we obtain multipartite Bell inequalities that address the correlation between spin values measured at each site, and then we review spin squeezing inequalities that address the degree of reduction in the variance of collective spins. The latter have been particularly useful as a tool for investigating entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We present solutions for two topical quantum states: multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and the ground state of a two-well BEC.

Quantum nonlocality does not exist.

Science.gov (United States)

Tipler, Frank J

2014-08-05

Quantum nonlocality is shown to be an artifact of the Copenhagen interpretation, in which each observed quantity has exactly one value at any instant. In reality, all physical systems obey quantum mechanics, which obeys no such rule. Locality is restored if observed and observer are both assumed to obey quantum mechanics, as in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI). Using the MWI, I show that the quantum side of Bell's inequality, generally believed nonlocal, is really due to a series of three measurements (not two as in the standard, oversimplified analysis), all three of which have only local effects. Thus, experiments confirming "nonlocality" are actually confirming the MWI. The mistaken interpretation of nonlocality experiments depends crucially on a question-begging version of the Born interpretation, which makes sense only in "collapse" versions of quantum theory, about the meaning of the modulus of the wave function, so I use the interpretation based on the MWI, namely that the wave function is a world density amplitude, not a probability amplitude. This view allows the Born interpretation to be derived directly from the Schrödinger equation, by applying the Schrödinger equation to both the observed and the observer.

Nonlocality and entanglement in qubit systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Batle, J [Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Casas, M, E-mail: vdfsjbv4@uib.es [Departament de Fisica and IFISC-CSIC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain)

2011-11-04

Nonlocality and quantum entanglement constitute two special aspects of the quantum correlations existing in quantum systems, which are of paramount importance in quantum-information theory. Traditionally, they have been regarded as identical (equivalent, in fact, for pure two qubit states, that is, Gisin's Theorem), yet they constitute different resources. Describing nonlocality by means of the violation of several Bell inequalities, we obtain by direct optimization those states of two qubits that maximally violate a Bell inequality, in terms of their degree of mixture as measured by either their participation ratio R = 1/Tr({rho}{sup 2}) or their maximum eigenvalue {lambda}{sub max}. This optimum value is obtained as well, which coincides with previous results. Comparison with entanglement is performed too. An example of an application is given in the XY model. In this novel approximation, we also concentrate on the nonlocality for linear combinations of pure states of two qubits, providing a closed form for their maximal nonlocality measure. The case of Bell diagonal mixed states of two qubits is also extensively studied. Special attention concerning the connection between nonlocality and entanglement for mixed states of two qubits is paid to the so-called maximally entangled mixed states. Additional aspects for the case of two qubits are also described in detail. Since we deal with qubit systems, we will perform an analogous study for three qubits, employing similar tools. Relation between distillability and nonlocality is explored quantitatively for the whole space of states of three qubits. We finally extend our analysis to four-qubit systems, where nonlocality for generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of arbitrary number of parties is computed. (paper)

Nambu-Poisson reformulation of the finite dimensional dynamical systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baleanu, D.; Makhaldiani, N.

1998-01-01

A system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which in a particular case reduces to Volterra's system is introduced. We found in two simplest cases the complete sets of the integrals of motion using Nambu-Poisson reformulation of the Hamiltonian dynamics. In these cases we have solved the systems by quadratures

Two- and three-dimensional nonlocal density functional theory for inhomogeneous fluids. 1. Algorithms and parallelization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frink, L.J.D.; Salinger, A.G.

2000-01-01

Fluids adsorbed near surfaces, near macromolecules, and in porous materials are inhomogeneous, exhibiting spatially varying density distributions. This inhomogeneity in the fluid plays an important role in controlling a wide variety of complex physical phenomena including wetting, self-assembly, corrosion, and molecular recognition. One of the key methods for studying the properties of inhomogeneous fluids in simple geometries has been density functional theory (DFT). However, there has been a conspicuous lack of calculations in complex two- and three-dimensional geometries. The computational difficulty arises from the need to perform nested integrals that are due to nonlocal terms in the free energy functional. These integral equations are expensive both in evaluation time and in memory requirements; however, the expense can be mitigated by intelligent algorithms and the use of parallel computers. This paper details the efforts to develop efficient numerical algorithms so that nonlocal DFT calculations in complex geometries that require two or three dimensions can be performed. The success of this implementation will enable the study of solvation effects at heterogeneous surfaces, in zeolites, in solvated (bio)polymers, and in colloidal suspensions

Boundary terms in Nambu-Goto string action

OpenAIRE

Hadasz, Leszek; Wegrzyn, Pawel

1994-01-01

We investigate classical strings defined by the Nambu-Goto action with the boundary term added. We demonstrate that the latter term has a significant bearing on the string dynamics. It is confirmed that new action terms that depend on higher order derivatives of string coordinates cannot be considered as continuous perturbations from the starting string functional. In the case the boundary term reduces to the Gauss-Bonnet term, a stability analysis is performed on the rotating rigid string so...

Nuclear matter descriptions including quark structure of the hadrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huguet, R.

2008-07-01

It is nowadays well established that nucleons are composite objects made of quarks and gluons, whose interactions are described by Quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, because of the non-perturbative character of QCD at the energies of nuclear physics, a description of atomic nuclei starting from quarks and gluons is still not available. A possible alternative is to construct effective field theories based on hadronic degrees of freedom, in which the interaction is constrained by QCD. In this framework, we have constructed descriptions of infinite nuclear matter in relativistic mean field theories taking into account the quark structure of hadrons. In a first approach, the in medium modifications of mesons properties is dynamically obtained in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) quark model. This modification is taken into account in a relativistic mean field theory based on a meson exchange interaction between nucleons. The in-medium modification of mesons masses and the properties of infinite nuclear matter have been studied. In a second approach, the long and short range contributions to the in-medium modification of the nucleon are determined. The short range part is obtained in a NJL quark model of the nucleon. The long range part, related to pions exchanges between nucleons, has been determined in the framework of Chiral Perturbation theory. These modifications have been used to constrain the couplings of a point coupling relativistic mean field model. A realistic description of the saturation properties of nuclear matter is obtained. (author)

The nucleon as a projected chiral soliton: vacuum and medium properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiolhais, M.; Alberto, P.; Ruiz Arriola, E.; Christov, C.V.; Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia

1990-01-01

Nucleon properties and nucleon form factors are computed within the framework of the projected linear chiral soliton model. To this end the Gell-Mann - Levy lagrangian is solved by means of variational methods which include angular momentum and isospin projection with trial quark-boson Fock states in generalized hedgehog configurations. The consistency of the treatment is checked by the fulfillment of virial theorems such as Goldberger-Treiman relation. In general the q 2 dependence of the nucleon form factors are well described although some of their values at zero momentum transfer come out too large, namely for the axial- and πN N- form factors. Electromagnetic form factors for the N - Δ transition are also calculated and compared with the available experimental data. Medium effects on the nucleon properties are investigated combining the projected chiral soliton model with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The latter is employed to compute the pion decay constant and the pion and sigma masses at finite medium density. These meson properties fix the parameters in the linear sigma model, which is then solved using the same variational methods as for the zero density. The nucleon mass shows a decrease of 17% and the proton radius an increase of 19% if the medium reaches nuclear matter density. The magnetic moments and g A are less affected by the medium. The nucleon electromagnetic form factors show remarkable changes at finite transfer numbers as well. (author)

Polyakov-Wiegmann formula and multiplicative gerbes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gawedzki, Krzysztof; Waldorf, Konrad

2009-01-01

An unambiguous definition of Feynman amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino-Witten sigma model and the Chern-Simon gauge theory with a general Lie group is determined by a certain geometric structure on the group. For the WZW amplitudes, this is a (bundle) gerbe with connection of an appropriate curvature whereas for the CS amplitudes, the gerbe has to be additionally equipped with a multiplicative structure assuring its compatibility with the group multiplication. We show that for simple compact Lie groups the obstruction to the existence of a multiplicative structure is provided by a 2-cocycle of phases that appears in the Polyakov-Wiegmann formula relating the Wess-Zumino action functional of the product of group-valued fields to the sum of the individual contributions. These phases were computed long time ago for all compact simple Lie groups. If they are trivial, then the multiplicative structure exists and is unique up to isomorphism.

Conceptual Nonlocality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David A. Grandy

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Nonlocality is a puzzling issue in modern physics. I propose that, aside from the experimental determination of nonlocality, the concept of atomistic lightmdash;discrete, self-bounded photonsmdash;breaks down toward something like nonlocality when subjected to philosophical scrutiny. Louis de Broglie made a similar argument regarding the material atom: the concept of the classical atom, when interrogated, collapses upon itself to offer a glimpse of wave-particle duality. Light atoms or photons, I argue, similarly collapse toward the contradictory possibility of nonlocality.

Extreme nonlocality with one photon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heaney, Libby; Vedral, Vlatko [Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU (United Kingdom); Cabello, Adan [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla (Spain); Santos, Marcelo Franca, E-mail: l.heaney1@physics.ox.ac.uk, E-mail: adan@us.es [Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Caixa Postal 702, 30123-970, MG (Brazil)

2011-05-15

Quantum nonlocality is typically assigned to systems of two or more well-separated particles, but nonlocality can also exist in systems consisting of just a single particle when one considers the subsystems to be distant spatial field modes. Single particle nonlocality has been confirmed experimentally via a bipartite Bell inequality. In this paper, we introduce an N-party Hardy-like proof of the impossibility of local elements of reality and a Bell inequality for local realistic theories in the case of a single particle superposed symmetrically over N spatial field modes (i.e. N qubit W state). We show that, in the limit of large N, the Hardy-like proof effectively becomes an all-versus-nothing (or Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-like) proof, and the quantum-classical gap of the Bell inequality tends to be the same as that in a three-particle GHZ experiment. We describe how to test the nonlocality in realistic systems.

Three-Dimensional Hermite—Bessel—Gaussian Soliton Clusters in Strongly Nonlocal Media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin Hai-Qin; Yi Lin; Liang Jian-Chu; Cai Ze-Bin; Liu Fei

2012-01-01

We analytically and numerically demonstrate the existence of Hermite—Bessel—Gaussian spatial soliton clusters in three-dimensional strongly nonlocal media. It is found that the soliton clusters display the vortex, dipole azimuthon and quadrupole azimuthon in geometry, and the total number of solitons in the necklaces depends on the quantum number n and m of the Hermite functions and generalized Bessel polynomials. The numerical simulation is basically identical to the analytical solution, and white noise does not lead to collapse of the soliton, which confirms the stability of the soliton waves. The theoretical predictions may give new insights into low-energetic spatial soliton transmission with high fidelity

Charge exchange scattering of charged gauge bosons by 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cvetic, G.; Yan, T.M.

1988-01-01

We have studied the scattering of a low energy charged gauge boson by a 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole in a spontaneously broken (SU(2) gauge theory. It is found that a charge exchange scattering occurs in the sector of zero total angular momentum. The charge exchange scattering has a nonvanishing finite amplitude when the size of the monopole becomes very small. Implications of our results are discussed. (orig.)

The light-cone gauge in Polyakov's theory of strings and its relation to the conformal gauge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tzani, R.

1989-01-01

The author studies the string theory as a gauge theory. The analysis includes the formulation of the interacting bosonic string by fixing the Gervais-Sakita light-cone gauge in Polyakov's path-integral formulation of the theory and the study of the problem of changing gauge in string theory in the context of the functional formulation of the theory. The main results are the following: Mandelstam's picture is obtained from the light-cone gauge fixed Polyakov's theory. Due to the off-diagonal nature of the gauge, the calculation of the determinants differs from the usual (conformal gauge) case. The regularization of the functional integrals associated with these determinants is done by using the conformal-invariance principle. He then shows that the conformal anomaly associated with this new gauge fixing is canceled at dimensions of space-time d = 26. Studying the problem of changing gauge in string theory, he shows the equivalence between the light-cone and conformal gauge in the path-integral formulation of the theory. In particular, by performing a proper change of variables in the commuting and ghost fields in the Polyakov path-integral, the string theory in the conformal gauge is obtained from the light-cone gauge fixed expression. Finally, the problem of changing gauge is generalized to the higher genus surfaces. It is shown that the string theory in the conformal gauge is equivalent to the light-cone gauge fixed theory for surface with arbitrary number of handles

Recent progress on the calculation of three-loop heavy flavor Wilson coefficients in deep-inelastic scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ablinger, J.; Hasselhuhn, A.; Schneider, C.; Behring, A.; Bluemlein, J.; Freitas, A. de; Raab, C.; Round, M.; Manteuffel, A. von

2014-07-01

We report on our latest results in the calculation of the three-loop heavy flavor contributions to the Wilson coefficients in deep-inelastic scattering in the asymptotic region Q 2 >>m 2 . We discuss the different methods used to compute the required operator matrix elements and the corresponding Feynman integrals. These methods very recently allowed us to obtain a series of new operator matrix elements and Wilson coefficients like the flavor non-singlet and pure singlet Wilson coefficients.

Nonlocal Andreev reflection and spin current in a three-terminal Aharonov–Bohm interferometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ju, Peng; Hua-Ling, Yu; Zhi-Guo, Wang

2009-01-01

This paper theoretically reports the nonlocal Andreev reflection and spin current in a normal metal-ferromagnetic metal-superconducting Aharonov–Bohm interferometer. It is found that the electronic current and spin current are sensitive to systematic parameters, such as the gate voltage of quantum dots and the external magnetic flux. The electronic current in the normal metal lead results from two competing processes: quasiparticle transmission and nonlocal Andreev reflection. The appearance of zero spin-up electronic current (or spin-down electronic current) signals the existence of nonlocal Andreev reflection, and the presence of zero electronic current results in the appearance of pure spin current. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Duality and the Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov relation in Liouville quantum gravity.

Science.gov (United States)

Duplantier, Bertrand; Sheffield, Scott

2009-04-17

We present a (mathematically rigorous) probabilistic and geometrical proof of the Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov relation between scaling exponents in a Euclidean planar domain D and in Liouville quantum gravity. It uses the properly regularized quantum area measure dmicro_{gamma}=epsilon;{gamma;{2}/2}e;{gammah_{epsilon}(z)}dz, where dz is the Lebesgue measure on D, gamma is a real parameter, 02 is shown to be related to the quantum measure dmu_{gamma;{'}}, gamma;{'}<2, by the fundamental duality gammagamma;{'}=4.

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in Quantum Many-Body Systems

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Brauner, Tomáš

2010-01-01

Roč. 2, č. 2 (2010), s. 609-657 ISSN 2073-8994 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : spontaneous symmetry breaking * Nambu-Goldstone bosons * effective field theory Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics

Recent progress on the calculation of three-loop heavy flavor Wilson coefficients in deep-inelastic scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ablinger, J.; Hasselhuhn, A.; Schneider, C. [Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz (Austria). Research Inst. for Symbolic Computation (RISC); Behring, A.; Bluemlein, J.; Freitas, A. de; Raab, C.; Round, M. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); Manteuffel, A. von [Mainz Univ. (Germany). PRISMA Cluster of Excellence; Wissbrock, F. [Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz (Austria). Research Inst. for Symbolic Computation (RISC); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); IHES Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Bures-sur-Yvette (France)

2014-07-15

We report on our latest results in the calculation of the three-loop heavy flavor contributions to the Wilson coefficients in deep-inelastic scattering in the asymptotic region Q{sup 2}>>m{sup 2}. We discuss the different methods used to compute the required operator matrix elements and the corresponding Feynman integrals. These methods very recently allowed us to obtain a series of new operator matrix elements and Wilson coefficients like the flavor non-singlet and pure singlet Wilson coefficients.

Three Lectures of Flavor and CP violation within and Beyond the Standard Model

CERN Document Server

Gori, Stefania

2016-01-01

These notes are based on the lectures I gave at the 2015 European School of High-Energy Physics (ESHEP2015). I discuss 1) flavor physics within the Standard Model, 2) effective field theories and Minimal Flavor Violation, 3) flavor physics in theories beyond the Standard Model and "high energy" flavor transitions of the top quark and of the Higgs boson. As a bi-product, I present the most updated constraints from the measurements of B_s -> mu^+mu^-, as well as I discuss the most recent development in the LHC searches for top flavor changing couplings.

Nambu at Work

Science.gov (United States)

Freund, Peter G. O.

Yoichiro Nambu, whose life and seminal contributions to Physics we celebrate here, went in 1952 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Shortly after his arrival there, J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Institute's director, put Yoichiro and the other new arrivals on notice that though Albert Einstein was a professor at the Institute, and therefore had an office there, nobody was to disturb the great man without first receiving special permission personally from Oppie. Most people would spend a year or two in the same building with Einstein and then spend a whole lifetime regretting not to have met him. Yoichiro decided that he will meet Einstein, no matter what Oppie says. He knew Bruria Kaufmann, Einstein's assistant at that time, and with her help got to visit the great physicist. Einstein was very friendly and visibly happy that finally one of the young people had bothered to visit him. Einstein asked Yoichiro what was going on in particle physics, and was rather skeptical about separate nucleon and meson fields for which he saw no deeper reason...

A generalized nonlocal vector calculus

Science.gov (United States)

Alali, Bacim; Liu, Kuo; Gunzburger, Max

2015-10-01

A nonlocal vector calculus was introduced in Du et al. (Math Model Meth Appl Sci 23:493-540, 2013) that has proved useful for the analysis of the peridynamics model of nonlocal mechanics and nonlocal diffusion models. A formulation is developed that provides a more general setting for the nonlocal vector calculus that is independent of particular nonlocal models. It is shown that general nonlocal calculus operators are integral operators with specific integral kernels. General nonlocal calculus properties are developed, including nonlocal integration by parts formula and Green's identities. The nonlocal vector calculus introduced in Du et al. (Math Model Meth Appl Sci 23:493-540, 2013) is shown to be recoverable from the general formulation as a special example. This special nonlocal vector calculus is used to reformulate the peridynamics equation of motion in terms of the nonlocal gradient operator and its adjoint. A new example of nonlocal vector calculus operators is introduced, which shows the potential use of the general formulation for general nonlocal models.

The ethics of human condition in the age of technological civilization. Back and forth with Heidegger and Jonas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angela Luzia Miranda

2009-07-01

Full Text Available The ethical dimension of the human condition in our times takes increasingly more space in current philosophical discussions. In this context, the ethical principle of responsibility has been widely discussed, particularly by authors who work on the ethical implications of modern technology. In his essay on ethics for the technological age, Hans Jonas proposes to base ethics on a principle of responsibility, taking into account that we live in the age of technological civilization. The present paper explores the origins and sources of Jonas’ principle of responsibility, focusing on the influence of his teacher Martin Heidegger on Jonas’s work. The paper analyses the intrinsic and intriguing relationship between Heidegger’s ontological concept of “care” [Sorge] and the idea or responsibility in Jonas, and it examines further the current discussion on the possibility of an ethical foundation for the techno scientific civilization. Keywords:  Philosophy of technology; Éthics and technology; Ontology; Martin Heidegger; Hans Jonas.

QCD phase diagram under an external magnetic field

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, Marcio Rafael Baptista

Neste trabalho e investigado o impacto de um campo magnetico externo na estrutura do diagrama de fases da Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD). O estudo e realizado utilizando o modelo efetivo de Nambu-Jona-Lasinio para tres sabores acoplado ao loop de Polyakov (modelo de PNJL). A interacao de entanglement (modelo de EPNJL) na presenca de um campo magnetico e tambem estudada. Ambas as transicoes quiral e de desconfinamento na presenca de um campo magnetico externo podem ser analisadas usando os modelos de PNJL e EPNJL. Para o modelo de EPNJL e verificado que a coincidencia das temperaturas pseudocriticas de ambas as transicoes quiral e de deconfinamento dependem da parametrizacao da interacao de entanglement. E realizado um estudo sistematico do efeito de um campo magnetico externo nas transicoes quiral e de desconfinamento a potencial quimico barionico nulo, e.g., calculando a dependencia das temperaturas pesudocriticas com a intensidade do campo magnetico. O impacto de um campo magnetico externo no comportamento do quark estranho e analizado detalhadamente. E mostrado que a temperatura pseudocritica associada a transicao quiral do quark estranho e pouco sensivel a presenca de um campo magnetico externo. Alem disso, a sua grande massa corrente torna o quark estranho pouco sensivel ao termo de 't Hooft, contrariamente a forte influencia que tem nos quarks leves. Ambos os modelos de PNJL e EPNJL preveem o efeito de Catalise Magnetica a qualquer temperatura, mas nao reproduzem o efeito de Catalise Magnetica Inversa (CMI) em redor da temperatura pseudocritica de transicao, obtido em resultados recentes da LQCD. Mostramos que e possivel reproduzir a CMI se a intensidade da interacao entre quarks diminuir com o campo magnetico. Propomos dois mecanismos que reproduzem o efeito de CMI, que assumem o enfraquecimento da constante de acoplamento da interacao escalar com o aumento da intensidade do campo magnetico. O diagrama de fases e calculado para varios cenarios de isospin e

Natural inflation with pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freese, K.; Frieman, J.A.; Olinto, A.V.

1990-01-01

We show that a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson, with a potential of the form V(φ)=Λ 4 [1±cos(φ/f)], can naturally give rise to an epoch of inflation in the early Universe. Successful inflation can be achieved if f∼m Pl and Λ∼m GUT . Such mass scales arise in particle-physics models with a gauge group that becomes strongly interacting at a scale ∼Λ, e.g., as can happen in superstring theories. The density fluctuation spectrum is non-scale-invariant, with extra power on large length scales

Towards finite density QCD with Taylor expansions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karsch, F.; Schaefer, B.-J.; Wagner, M.; Wambach, J.

2011-01-01

Convergence properties of Taylor expansions of observables, which are also used in lattice QCD calculations at non-zero chemical potential, are analyzed in an effective N f =2+1 flavor Polyakov quark-meson model. A recently developed algorithmic technique allows the calculation of higher-order Taylor expansion coefficients in functional approaches. This novel technique is for the first time applied to an effective N f =2+1 flavor Polyakov quark-meson model and the findings are compared with the full model solution at finite densities. The results are used to discuss prospects for locating the QCD phase boundary and a possible critical endpoint in the phase diagram.

Nonlocal teleparallel cosmology.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahamonde, Sebastian; Capozziello, Salvatore; Faizal, Mir; Nunes, Rafael C

2017-01-01

Even though it is not possible to differentiate general relativity from teleparallel gravity using classical experiments, it could be possible to discriminate between them by quantum gravitational effects. These effects have motivated the introduction of nonlocal deformations of general relativity, and similar effects are also expected to occur in teleparallel gravity. Here, we study nonlocal deformations of teleparallel gravity along with its cosmological solutions. We observe that nonlocal teleparallel gravity (like nonlocal general relativity) is consistent with the present cosmological data obtained by SNe Ia + BAO + CC + [Formula: see text] observations. Along this track, future experiments probing nonlocal effects could be used to test whether general relativity or teleparallel gravity gives the most consistent picture of gravitational interaction.

Nonlocal teleparallel cosmology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bahamonde, Sebastian [University College London, Department of Mathematics, London (United Kingdom); Capozziello, Salvatore [Universita di Napoli ' ' Federico II' ' , Dipartimento di Fisica ' ' E. Pancini' ' , Naples (Italy); Gran Sasso Science Institute, L' Aquila (Italy); Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Naples (Italy); INFN, Napoli (Italy); Faizal, Mir [University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Kelowna, BC (Canada); University of Lethbridge, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lethbridge, AB (Canada); Nunes, Rafael C. [Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Fisica, Juiz de Fora, MG (Brazil)

2017-09-15

Even though it is not possible to differentiate general relativity from teleparallel gravity using classical experiments, it could be possible to discriminate between them by quantum gravitational effects. These effects have motivated the introduction of nonlocal deformations of general relativity, and similar effects are also expected to occur in teleparallel gravity. Here, we study nonlocal deformations of teleparallel gravity along with its cosmological solutions. We observe that nonlocal teleparallel gravity (like nonlocal general relativity) is consistent with the present cosmological data obtained by SNe Ia + BAO + CC + H{sub 0} observations. Along this track, future experiments probing nonlocal effects could be used to test whether general relativity or teleparallel gravity gives the most consistent picture of gravitational interaction. (orig.)

Relation between the Polyakov and the Fradkin-Vilkoviski path integrals for the bosonic string

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaskolski, Z.; Rytel, L.; Klimek, M.

1988-07-21

The relation between Polyakov's path integral and the Fradkin-Vilkoviski integral in extended phase space is analyzed on an example of a free closed bosonic string. It is shown in D=26 that locally, in every Teichmueller sector, both methods provide the same result. Beyond D=26 the Fradkin-Vilkoviski path integral appears to be depending on the gauge fixing.

On the cosmic-ray spectra of three-body lepton-flavor-violating dark matter decays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carone, Christopher D.; Cukierman, Ari; Primulando, Reinard

2011-01-01

We consider possible leptonic three-body decays of spin-1/2, charge-asymmetric dark matter. Assuming a general Dirac structure for the four-fermion contact interactions of interest, we study the cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra and show that good fits to the current data can be obtained for both charged-lepton-flavor-conserving and flavor-violating decay channels. We find that different choices for the Dirac structure of the underlying decay operator can be significantly compensated by different choices for the dark matter mass and lifetime. The decay modes we consider provide differing predictions for the cosmic-ray positron fraction at energies higher than those currently probed at the PAMELA experiment; these predictions might be tested at cosmic-ray detectors like AMS-02.

Lepton flavor violation in flavored gauge mediation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calibbi, Lorenzo [Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Service de Physique Theorique, Brussels (Belgium); Paradisi, Paride [Universita di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Padua (Italy); INFN Sezione di Padova, Padua (Italy); SISSA, Trieste (Italy); Ziegler, Robert [Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7589, LPTHE, Paris (France); CNRS, UMR 7589, LPTHE, Paris (France)

2014-12-01

We study the anatomy and phenomenology of lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the context of flavored gauge mediation (FGM). Within FGM, the messenger sector couples directly to the MSSM matter fields with couplings controlled by the same dynamics that explains the hierarchies in the SM Yukawas. Although the pattern of flavor violation depends on the particular underlying flavor model, FGM provides a built-in flavor suppression similar to wave function renormalization or SUSY partial compositeness. Moreover, in contrast to these models, there is an additional suppression of left-right flavor transitions by third-generation Yukawas that in particular provides an extra protection against flavor-blind phases. We exploit the consequences of this setup for lepton flavor phenomenology, assuming that the new couplings are controlled by simple U(1) flavor models that have been proposed to accommodate large neutrino mixing angles. Remarkably, it turns out that in the context of FGM these models can pass the impressive constraints from LFV processes and leptonic electric dipole moments (EDMs) even for light superpartners, therefore offering the possibility of resolving the longstanding muon g - 2 anomaly. (orig.)

Nonlocal gauge theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krasnikov, N.V.

1987-01-01

Nonlocal gauge theories including gravity are considered. It is shown that the introduction of the additional nonlocal interaction makes γ 5 -anomalous theories meaningful. The introduction of such interaction leads to macrocausal unitary theory, which describes the interaction of massive vector fields with fermion fields. It is shown that nonlocal gauge theories with nonlocal scale Λ nl ≤(1-10) TeV can solve the gauge hierarchy problem. An example of nonlinear grand unified gauge model in which topologically nontrivial finite energy monopole solutions are absent is found

FlavorDB: a database of flavor molecules.

Science.gov (United States)

Garg, Neelansh; Sethupathy, Apuroop; Tuwani, Rudraksh; Nk, Rakhi; Dokania, Shubham; Iyer, Arvind; Gupta, Ayushi; Agrawal, Shubhra; Singh, Navjot; Shukla, Shubham; Kathuria, Kriti; Badhwar, Rahul; Kanji, Rakesh; Jain, Anupam; Kaur, Avneet; Nagpal, Rashmi; Bagler, Ganesh

2018-01-04

Flavor is an expression of olfactory and gustatory sensations experienced through a multitude of chemical processes triggered by molecules. Beyond their key role in defining taste and smell, flavor molecules also regulate metabolic processes with consequences to health. Such molecules present in natural sources have been an integral part of human history with limited success in attempts to create synthetic alternatives. Given their utility in various spheres of life such as food and fragrances, it is valuable to have a repository of flavor molecules, their natural sources, physicochemical properties, and sensory responses. FlavorDB (http://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/flavordb) comprises of 25,595 flavor molecules representing an array of tastes and odors. Among these 2254 molecules are associated with 936 natural ingredients belonging to 34 categories. The dynamic, user-friendly interface of the resource facilitates exploration of flavor molecules for divergent applications: finding molecules matching a desired flavor or structure; exploring molecules of an ingredient; discovering novel food pairings; finding the molecular essence of food ingredients; associating chemical features with a flavor and more. Data-driven studies based on FlavorDB can pave the way for an improved understanding of flavor mechanisms. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Shareability of correlations in multiqubit states: Optimization of nonlocal monogamy inequalities

Science.gov (United States)

Batle, J.; Naseri, M.; Ghoranneviss, M.; Farouk, A.; Alkhambashi, M.; Elhoseny, M.

2017-03-01

It is a well-known fact that both quantum entanglement and nonlocality (implied by the violation of Bell inequalities) constitute quantum correlations that cannot be arbitrarily shared among subsystems. They are both monogamous, albeit in a different fashion. In the present contribution we focus on nonlocality monogamy relations such as the Toner-Verstraete, the Seevinck, and a derived monogamy inequality for three parties and compare them with multipartite nonlocality measures for the whole set of pure states distributed according to the Haar measure. In this numerical endeavor, we also see that, although monogamy relations for nonlocality cannot exist for more than three parties, in practice the exploration of the whole set of states for different numbers of qubits will return effective bounds on the maximum value of all bipartite Bell violations among subsystems. Hence, we shed light on the effective nonlocality monogamy bounds in the multiqubit case.

Jona Willem te Water (1740-1822) : historicus en theoloog tussen traditie en Verlichting

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mooij, Jacobus Daniël de

2008-01-01

Jona Willem te Water (1740-1822), a professor at Leiden University, was a man of influence in the Dutch Reformed Church, in many learned societies, in academic theology, and in Dutch historiography. He started his career as a Reformed minister in the province of Zeeland. His main historiographical

Prospects for discovering the Higgs-like pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of the classical scale symmetry

Science.gov (United States)

Farzinnia, Arsham

2015-11-01

We examine the impact of the expected reach of the LHC and the XENON1T experiments on the parameter space of the minimal classically scale invariant extension of the standard model (SM), where all the mass scales are induced dynamically by means of the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. In this framework, the SM content is enlarged by the addition of one complex gauge-singlet scalar with a scale invariant and C P -symmetric potential. The massive pseudoscalar component, protected by the C P symmetry, forms a viable dark matter candidate, and three flavors of the right-handed Majorana neutrinos are included to account for the nonzero masses of the SM neutrinos via the seesaw mechanism. The projected constraints on the parameter space arise by applying the ATLAS heavy Higgs discovery prospects, with an integrated luminosity of 300 and 3000 fb-1 at √{s }=14 TeV , to the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of the (approximate) scale symmetry, as well as by utilizing the expected reach of the XENON1T direct detection experiment for the discovery of the pseudoscalar dark matter candidate. A null-signal discovery by these future experiments implies that vast regions of the model's parameter space can be thoroughly explored; the combined projections are expected to confine a mixing between the SM and the singlet sector to very small values while probing the viability of the TeV scale pseudoscalar's thermal relic abundance as the dominant dark matter component in the Universe. Furthermore, the vacuum stability and triviality requirements of the framework up to the Planck scale are studied, and the viable region of the parameter space is identified. The results are summarized in extensive exclusion plots, incorporating additionally the prior theoretical and experimental bounds for comparison.

A couplet from flavored dark matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agrawal, Prateek [Fermilab,P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL, 60510 (United States); Chacko, Zackaria [Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland,College Park, MD, 20742-4111 (United States); Kilic, Can [Theory Group, Department of Physics and Texas Cosmology Center,The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway Stop C1608, Austin, TX, 78712-1197 (United States); Verhaaren, Christopher B. [Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland,College Park, MD, 20742-4111 (United States)

2015-08-17

We show that a couplet, a pair of closely spaced photon lines, in the X-ray spectrum is a distinctive feature of lepton flavored dark matter models for which the mass spectrum is dictated by Minimal Flavor Violation. In such a scenario, mass splittings between different dark matter flavors are determined by Standard Model Yukawa couplings and can naturally be small, allowing all three flavors to be long-lived and contribute to the observed abundance. Then, in the presence of a tiny source of flavor violation, heavier dark matter flavors can decay via a dipole transition on cosmological timescales, giving rise to three photon lines. Two of these lines are closely spaced, and constitute the couplet. Provided the flavor violation is sufficiently small, the ratios of the line energies are determined in terms of the charged lepton masses, and constitute a prediction of this framework. For dark matter masses of order the weak scale, the couplet lies in the keV-MeV region, with a much weaker line in the eV-keV region. This scenario constitutes a potential explanation for the recent claim of the observation of a 3.5 keV line. The next generation of X-ray telescopes may have the necessary resolution to resolve the double line structure of such a couplet.

Collective quantization of three-flavored Skyrmions reexamined

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cherman, Aleksey; Cohen, Thomas D.; Dulaney, Timothy R.; Lynch, Erin M.

2005-01-01

A self-consistent large N c approach is developed for the collective quantization of SU(3) flavor hedgehog solitons, such as the Skyrmion. The key to this analysis is the determination of all of the zero-modes associated with small fluctuations around the hedgehog. These are used in the conventional way to construct collective coordinates. This approach differs from previous work in that it does not implicitly assume that each static zero-mode is associated with a dynamical zero-mode. It is demonstrated explicitly in the context of the Skyrmion that there are fewer dynamical zero-modes than static ones due to the Witten-Wess-Zumino term in the action. Group-theoretic methods are employed to identify the physical states resulting from canonical quantization of the collectively rotating soliton. The collective states fall into representations of SU(3) flavor labeled by (p,q) and are given by (2J,(Nc/2)-J) where J=(1/2),(3/2),··· is the spin of the collective state. States with strangeness S>0 do not arise as collective states from this procedure; thus the θ + (pentaquark) resonance does not arise as a collective excitation in models of this type

Noncritical String Liouville Theory and Geometric Bootstrap Hypothesis

Science.gov (United States)

Hadasz, Leszek; Jaskólski, Zbigniew

The applications of the existing Liouville theories for the description of the longitudinal dynamics of noncritical Nambu-Goto string are analyzed. We show that the recently developed DOZZ solution to the Liouville theory leads to the cut singularities in tree string amplitudes. We propose a new version of the Polyakov geometric approach to Liouville theory and formulate its basic consistency condition — the geometric bootstrap equation. Also in this approach the tree amplitudes develop cut singularities.

Non-local magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt nanostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B., E-mail: goennenwein@wmi.badw.de; Pernpeintner, Matthias; Gross, Rudolf; Huebl, Hans [Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meißner-Str. 8, 85748 Garching (Germany); Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München (Germany); Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany); Schlitz, Richard; Ganzhorn, Kathrin [Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meißner-Str. 8, 85748 Garching (Germany); Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany); Althammer, Matthias [Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meißner-Str. 8, 85748 Garching (Germany)

2015-10-26

We study the local and non-local magnetoresistance of thin Pt strips deposited onto yttrium iron garnet. The local magnetoresistive response, inferred from the voltage drop measured along one given Pt strip upon current-biasing it, shows the characteristic magnetization orientation dependence of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. We simultaneously also record the non-local voltage appearing along a second, electrically isolated, Pt strip, separated from the current carrying one by a gap of a few 100 nm. The corresponding non-local magnetoresistance exhibits the symmetry expected for a magnon spin accumulation-driven process, confirming the results recently put forward by Cornelissen et al. [“Long-distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic insulator at room temperature,” Nat. Phys. (published online 14 September 2015)]. Our magnetotransport data, taken at a series of different temperatures as a function of magnetic field orientation, rotating the externally applied field in three mutually orthogonal planes, show that the mechanisms behind the spin Hall and the non-local magnetoresistance are qualitatively different. In particular, the non-local magnetoresistance vanishes at liquid Helium temperatures, while the spin Hall magnetoresistance prevails.

Goldstone boson condensation and effects of the axial anomaly in color superconductivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basler, Hannes Gregor Steffen

2011-01-12

One of the central objects of interest in high energy physics is the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter, the behavior of quarks and gluons in dependence of temperature and chemical potential. At very high densities and low temperatures it is expected that quarks form a superconductor, the so-called color superconductor. Such a color superconductor might be realized in the inner core of a neutron star. To study the phase structure of a color superconductor under neutron star conditions the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is used. The diquark condensates appearing in a color superconductor may break the original symmetries and give rise to Goldstone bosons. In this work we study the possible condensation of these Goldstone bosons. On the level of diquark condensates the condensation of Goldstone bosons is realized by a rotation of scalar into pseudoscalar diquark condensates. The phase diagram is studied, including pseudoscalar diquark condensates, for several different values of the lepton number chemical potential. The masses and thereby the condensation of the Goldstone bosons is effected by a six-point interaction that breaks the axial U(1) symmetry. Usually this six-point interaction is implemented in the NJL model in such a way that is does not effect the diquark sector. This can be fixed by adding an second six-point interaction term to the NJL Lagrangian. The coupling strength of this new interaction term has a great influence on the phase digram. In this context also the effect on the chiral phase transition is studied. (orig.)

A Fokker-Planck approach to canonical-dissipative Nambu systems: With an application to human motor control during dynamic haptic perception

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frank, T.D.

2010-01-01

We formulate Markov diffusion processes for canonical-dissipative systems exhibiting Nambu mechanics. Analytical expressions for stationary canonical-dissipative distributions are obtained. Nambu-Boltzmann distributions are derived as special cases for systems without energy pumping. The Markov short-time propagator is used to derive maximum likelihood estimators for parameters of a model that describes a particular dynamic motor pattern providing haptic cues.

Flavored dark matter beyond Minimal Flavor Violation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agrawal, Prateek; Blanke, Monika; Gemmler, Katrin

2014-01-01

We study the interplay of flavor and dark matter phenomenology for models of flavored dark matter interacting with quarks. We allow an arbitrary flavor structure in the coupling of dark matter with quarks. This coupling is assumed to be the only new source of violation of the Standard Model flavor symmetry extended by a U(3) χ associated with the dark matter. We call this ansatz Dark Minimal Flavor Violation (DMFV) and highlight its various implications, including an unbroken discrete symmetry that can stabilize the dark matter. As an illustration we study a Dirac fermionic dark matter χ which transforms as triplet under U(3) χ , and is a singlet under the Standard Model. The dark matter couples to right-handed down-type quarks via a colored scalar mediator with a coupling. We identify a number of ''flavor-safe'' scenarios for the structure of which are beyond Minimal Flavor Violation. Also, for dark matter and collider phenomenology we focus on the well-motivated case of b-flavored dark matter. Furthermore, the combined flavor and dark matter constraints on the parameter space of turn out to be interesting intersections of the individual ones. LHC constraints on simplified models of squarks and sbottoms can be adapted to our case, and monojet searches can be relevant if the spectrum is compressed

Polyakov loop and the hadron resonance gas model.

Science.gov (United States)

Megías, E; Arriola, E Ruiz; Salcedo, L L

2012-10-12

The Polyakov loop has been used repeatedly as an order parameter in the deconfinement phase transition in QCD. We argue that, in the confined phase, its expectation value can be represented in terms of hadronic states, similarly to the hadron resonance gas model for the pressure. Specifically, L(T)≈1/2[∑(α)g(α)e(-Δ(α)/T), where g(α) are the degeneracies and Δ(α) are the masses of hadrons with exactly one heavy quark (the mass of the heavy quark itself being subtracted). We show that this approximate sum rule gives a fair description of available lattice data with N(f)=2+1 for temperatures in the range 150 MeVmodels. For temperatures below 150 MeV different lattice results disagree. One set of data can be described if exotic hadrons are present in the QCD spectrum while other sets do not require such states.

Ice limit of Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heinzl, T.; Ilderton, A.; Langfeld, K.; Lavelle, M.; McMullan, D.

2008-01-01

In this paper we describe gauge invariant multiquark states generalizing the path integral framework developed by Parrinello, Jona-Lasinio, and Zwanziger to amend the Faddeev-Popov approach. This allows us to produce states such that, in a limit which we call the ice limit, fermions are dressed with glue exclusively from the fundamental modular region associated with Coulomb gauge. The limit can be taken analytically without difficulties, avoiding the Gribov problem. This is illustrated by an unambiguous construction of gauge invariant mesonic states for which we simulate the static quark-antiquark potential.

Flavor physics without flavor symmetries

Science.gov (United States)

Buchmuller, Wilfried; Patel, Ketan M.

2018-04-01

We quantitatively analyze a quark-lepton flavor model derived from a six-dimensional supersymmetric theory with S O (10 )×U (1 ) gauge symmetry, compactified on an orbifold with magnetic flux. Two bulk 16 -plets charged under the U (1 ) provide the three quark-lepton generations whereas two uncharged 10 -plets yield two Higgs doublets. At the orbifold fixed points mass matrices are generated with rank one or two. Moreover, the zero modes mix with heavy vectorlike split multiplets. The model possesses no flavor symmetries. Nevertheless, there exist a number of relations between Yukawa couplings, remnants of the underlying grand unified theory symmetry and the wave function profiles of the zero modes, which lead to a prediction of the light neutrino mass scale, mν 1˜10-3 eV and heavy Majorana neutrino masses in the range from 1 012 to 1 014 GeV . The model successfully includes thermal leptogenesis.

The ξ/ξ2nd ratio as a test for Effective Polyakov Loop Actions

Science.gov (United States)

Caselle, Michele; Nada, Alessandro

2018-03-01

Effective Polyakov line actions are a powerful tool to study the finite temperature behaviour of lattice gauge theories. They are much simpler to simulate than the original (3+1) dimensional LGTs and are affected by a milder sign problem. However it is not clear to which extent they really capture the rich spectrum of the original theories, a feature which is instead of great importance if one aims to address the sign problem. We propose here a simple way to address this issue based on the so called second moment correlation length ξ2nd. The ratio ξ/ξ2nd between the exponential correlation length and the second moment one is equal to 1 if only a single mass is present in the spectrum, and becomes larger and larger as the complexity of the spectrum increases. Since both ξexp and ξ2nd are easy to measure on the lattice, this is an economic and effective way to keep track of the spectrum of the theory. In this respect we show using both numerical simulation and effective string calculations that this ratio increases dramatically as the temperature decreases. This non-trivial behaviour should be reproduced by the Polyakov loop effective action.

Self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for electrocatalytic swimmers with heterogeneous surface chemical kinetics

Science.gov (United States)

Nourhani, Amir; Crespi, Vincent H.; Lammert, Paul E.

2015-06-01

We present a self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for the phoretic propulsion mechanisms of electrocatalytic micromotors or nanomotors. These swimmers, such as bimetallic platinum and gold rods catalyzing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, have received considerable theoretical attention. In contrast, the heterogeneous electrochemical processes with nonlocal feedback that are the actual "engines" of such motors are relatively neglected. We present a flexible approach to these processes using bias potential as a control parameter field and a locally-open-circuit reference state, carried through in detail for a spherical motor. While the phenomenological flavor makes meaningful contact with experiment easier, required inputs can also conceivably come from, e.g., Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics. Previously obtained results are recovered in the weak-heterogeneity limit and improved small-basis approximations tailored to structural heterogeneity are presented. Under the assumption of weak inhomogeneity, a scaling form is deduced for motor speed as a function of fuel concentration and swimmer size. We argue that this form should be robust and demonstrate a good fit to experimental data.

Multipartite nonlocality distillation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsu, Li-Yi; Wu, Keng-Shuo

2010-01-01

The stronger nonlocality than that allowed in quantum theory can provide an advantage in information processing and computation. Since quantum entanglement is distillable, can nonlocality be distilled in the nonsignalling condition? The answer is positive in the bipartite case. In this article the distillability of the multipartite nonlocality is investigated. We propose a distillation protocol solely exploiting xor operations on output bits. The probability-distribution vectors and matrix are introduced to tackle the correlators. It is shown that only the correlators with extreme values can survive the distillation process. As the main result, the amplified nonlocality cannot maximally violate any Bell-type inequality. Accordingly, a distillability criterion in the postquantum region is proposed.

Quantum Nonlocality and Reality

Science.gov (United States)

Bell, Mary; Gao, Shan

2016-09-01

Preface; Part I. John Stewart Bell: The Physicist: 1. John Bell: the Irish connection Andrew Whitaker; 2. Recollections of John Bell Michael Nauenberg; 3. John Bell: recollections of a great scientist and a great man Gian-Carlo Ghirardi; Part II. Bell's Theorem: 4. What did Bell really prove? Jean Bricmont; 5. The assumptions of Bell's proof Roderich Tumulka; 6. Bell on Bell's theorem: the changing face of nonlocality Harvey R. Brown and Christopher G. Timpson; 7. Experimental tests of Bell inequalities Marco Genovese; 8. Bell's theorem without inequalities: on the inception and scope of the GHZ theorem Olival Freire, Jr and Osvaldo Pessoa, Jr; 9. Strengthening Bell's theorem: removing the hidden-variable assumption Henry P. Stapp; Part III. Nonlocality: Illusions or Reality?: 10. Is any theory compatible with the quantum predictions necessarily nonlocal? Bernard d'Espagnat; 11. Local causality, probability and explanation Richard A. Healey; 12. Bell inequality and many-worlds interpretation Lev Vaidman; 13. Quantum solipsism and non-locality Travis Norsen; 14. Lessons of Bell's theorem: nonlocality, yes; action at a distance, not necessarily Wayne C. Myrvold; 15. Bell non-locality, Hardy's paradox and hyperplane dependence Gordon N. Fleming; 16. Some thoughts on quantum nonlocality and its apparent incompatibility with relativity Shan Gao; 17. A reasonable thing that just might work Daniel Rohrlich; 18. Weak values and quantum nonlocality Yakir Aharonov and Eliahu Cohen; Part IV. Nonlocal Realistic Theories: 19. Local beables and the foundations of physics Tim Maudlin; 20. John Bell's varying interpretations of quantum mechanics: memories and comments H. Dieter Zeh; 21. Some personal reflections on quantum non-locality and the contributions of John Bell Basil J. Hiley; 22. Bell on Bohm Sheldon Goldstein; 23. Interactions and inequality Philip Pearle; 24. Gravitation and the noise needed in objective reduction models Stephen L. Adler; 25. Towards an objective

Flavor Democracy in Particle Physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sultansoy, Saleh

2007-01-01

The flavor democracy hypothesis (or, in other words, democratic mass matrix approach) was introduced in seventies taking in mind three Standard Model (SM) families. Later, this idea was disfavored by the large value of the t-quark mass. In nineties the hypothesis was revisited assuming that extra SM families exist. According to flavor democracy the fourth SM family should exist and there are serious arguments disfavoring the fifth SM family. The fourth SM family quarks lead to essential enhancement of the Higgs boson production cross-section at hadron colliders and the Tevatron can discover the Higgs boson before the LHC, if it mass is between 140 and 200 GeV. Then, one can handle 'massless' Dirac neutrinos without see-saw mechanism. Concerning BSM physics, flavor democracy leads to several consequences: tanβ ≅ mt/mb ≅ 40 if there are three MSSM families; super-partner of the right-handed neutrino can be the LSP; relatively light E(6)-inspired isosinglet quark etc. Finally, flavor democracy may give opportunity to handle ''massless'' composite objects within preonic models

Heavy flavor baryons in hypercentral model

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Keywords. Hypercentral constituent quark model; charmed and beauty baryons; hyper-Coulomb plus power potential. Abstract. Heavy flavor baryons containing single and double charm (beauty) quarks with light flavor combinations are studied using the hypercentral description of the three-body problem. The confinement ...

Flavored dark matter beyond Minimal Flavor Violation

CERN Document Server

Agrawal, Prateek; Gemmler, Katrin

2014-10-13

We study the interplay of flavor and dark matter phenomenology for models of flavored dark matter interacting with quarks. We allow an arbitrary flavor structure in the coupling of dark matter with quarks. This coupling is assumed to be the only new source of violation of the Standard Model flavor symmetry extended by a $U(3)_\\chi$ associated with the dark matter. We call this ansatz Dark Minimal Flavor Violation (DMFV) and highlight its various implications, including an unbroken discrete symmetry that can stabilize the dark matter. As an illustration we study a Dirac fermionic dark matter $\\chi$ which transforms as triplet under $U(3)_\\chi$, and is a singlet under the Standard Model. The dark matter couples to right-handed down-type quarks via a colored scalar mediator $\\phi$ with a coupling $\\lambda$. We identify a number of "flavor-safe" scenarios for the structure of $\\lambda$ which are beyond Minimal Flavor Violation. For dark matter and collider phenomenology we focus on the well-motivated case of $b$-...

Fractional bosonic strings

Science.gov (United States)

Diaz, Victor Alfonzo; Giusti, Andrea

2018-03-01

The aim of this paper is to present a simple generalization of bosonic string theory in the framework of the theory of fractional variational problems. Specifically, we present a fractional extension of the Polyakov action, for which we compute the general form of the equations of motion and discuss the connection between the new fractional action and a generalization the Nambu-Goto action. Consequently, we analyze the symmetries of the modified Polyakov action and try to fix the gauge, following the classical procedures. Then we solve the equations of motion in a simplified setting. Finally, we present a Hamiltonian description of the classical fractional bosonic string and introduce the fractional light-cone gauge. It is important to remark that, throughout the whole paper, we thoroughly discuss how to recover the known results as an "integer" limit of the presented model.

Constraints on θ13 from a three-flavor oscillation analysis of reactor antineutrinos at KamLAND

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Ikeda, H.; Kibe, Y.; Kishimoto, Y.; Minekawa, Y.; Mitsui, T.; Morikawa, T.; Nagai, N.; Nakajima, K.; Narita, K.; Shimizu, I.; Shimizu, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, N.; Takemoto, Y.

2011-01-01

We present new constraints on the neutrino oscillation parameters Δm 21 2 , θ 12 , and θ 13 from a three-flavor analysis of solar and KamLAND data. The KamLAND data set includes data acquired following a radiopurity upgrade and amounts to a total exposure of 3.49x10 32 target-proton-year. Under the assumption of CPT invariance, a two-flavor analysis (θ 13 =0) of the KamLAND and solar data yields the best-fit values tan 2 θ 12 =0.444 -0.030 +0.036 and Δm 21 2 =7.50 -0.20 +0.19 x10 -5 eV 2 ; a three-flavor analysis with θ 13 as a free parameter yields the best-fit values tan 2 θ 12 =0.452 -0.033 +0.035 , Δm 21 2 =7.50 -0.20 +0.19 x10 -5 eV 2 , and sin 2 θ 13 =0.020 -0.016 +0.016 . This θ 13 interval is consistent with other recent work combining the CHOOZ, atmospheric and long-baseline accelerator experiments. We also present a new global θ 13 analysis, incorporating the CHOOZ, atmospheric, and accelerator data, which indicates sin 2 θ 13 =0.009 -0.007 +0.013 . A nonzero value is suggested, but only at the 79% C.L.

Time-nonlocal kinetic equations, jerk and hyperjerk in plasmas and solar physics

Science.gov (United States)

El-Nabulsi, Rami Ahmad

2018-06-01

The simulation and analysis of nonlocal effects in fluids and plasmas is an inherently complicated problem due to the massive breadth of physics required to describe the nonlocal dynamics. This is a multi-physics problem that draws upon various miscellaneous fields, such as electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. In this paper we strive to focus on one narrow but motivating mathematical way: the derivation of nonlocal plasma-fluid equations from a generalized nonlocal Liouville derivative operator motivated from Suykens's nonlocal arguments. The paper aims to provide a guideline toward modeling nonlocal effects occurring in plasma-fluid systems by means of a generalized nonlocal Boltzmann equation. The generalized nonlocal equations of fluid dynamics are derived and their implications in plasma-fluid systems are addressed, discussed and analyzed. Three main topics were discussed: Landau damping in plasma electrodynamics, ideal MHD and solar wind. A number of features were revealed, analyzed and confronted with recent research results and observations.

Nonlocality in Bohmian mechanics

Science.gov (United States)

Ghafar, Zati Amalina binti Mohd Abdul; Radiman, Shahidan bin; Siong, Ch'ng Han

2018-04-01

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox demonstrates that entangled particles can interact in such a way that it is possible to measure both their position and momentum instantaneously. The position or momentum of one particle can be determined by measuring another identical particle that exists in another space. This instantaneous action is actually called nonlocality. The nonlocality has been proved by Bell's theorem that states that all quantum theories must be nonlocal. The Bell's theorem gives a strong support to the hidden variable theory, i.e. Bohmian mechanics. Using nonlocality, we present that the velocity field of one particle can be obtained by measuring the velocity of other particles. The trajectory of these particles is perhaps surrealistic trajectory due to the nonlocality.

Flavor-singlet spectrum in multi-flavor QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aoki, Yasamichi; Rinaldi, Enrico

2017-06-18

Studying SU(3) gauge theories with increasing number of light fermions is relevant both for understanding the strong dynamics of QCD and for constructing strongly interacting extensions of the Standard Model (e.g. UV completions of composite Higgs models). In order to contrast these many-flavors strongly interacting theories with QCD, we study the flavor-singlet spectrum as an interesting probe. In fact, some composite Higgs models require the Higgs boson to be the lightest flavor-singlet scalar in the spectrum of a strongly interacting new sector with a well defined hierarchy with the rest of the states. Moreover, introducing many light flavors at fixed number of colors can influence the dynamics of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar. We present the on-going study of these flavor-singlet channels using multiple interpolating operators on high-statistics ensembles generated by the LatKMI collaboration and we compare results with available data obtained by the Lattice Strong Dynamics collaboration. For the theory with 8 flavors, the two collaborations have generated configurations that complement each others with the aim to tackle the massless limit using the largest possible volumes.

Flavor-singlet spectrum in multi-flavor QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Aoki, Yasumichi; Aoyama, Tatsumi; Bennett, Ed; Kurachi, Masafumi; Maskawa, Toshihide; Miura, Kohtaroh; Nagai, Kei-ichi; Ohki, Hiroshi; Rinaldi, Enrico; Shibata, Akihiro; Yamawaki, Koichi; Yamazaki, Takeshi

2018-03-01

Studying SU(3) gauge theories with increasing number of light fermions is relevant both for understanding the strong dynamics of QCD and for constructing strongly interacting extensions of the Standard Model (e.g. UV completions of composite Higgs models). In order to contrast these many-flavors strongly interacting theories with QCD, we study the flavor-singlet spectrum as an interesting probe. In fact, some composite Higgs models require the Higgs boson to be the lightest flavor-singlet scalar in the spectrum of a strongly interacting new sector with a well defined hierarchy with the rest of the states. Moreover, introducing many light flavors at fixed number of colors can influence the dynamics of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar. We present the on-going study of these flavor-singlet channels using multiple interpolating operators on high-statistics ensembles generated by the LatKMI collaboration and we compare results with available data obtained by the Lattice Strong Dynamics collaboration. For the theory with 8 flavors, the two collaborations have generated configurations that complement each others with the aim to tackle the massless limit using the largest possible volumes.

[Responsibility: Towards a fifth principle in blood transfusion's ethics. Applicability and limits of Hans Jonas's responsibility principle].

Science.gov (United States)

Nélaton, C

2016-09-01

Nowadays, in France, anonymity, gratuity, volunteering, non-profit are recognized as ethical principles in blood transfusion. Can we add responsibility to this list? Can a logo named "Responsiblood" efficiently encourage blood donation? This article explores Hans Jonas's reform of the responsibility concept in order to measure its applicabilities and limits in the field of blood transfusion. Indeed, this concept - rethought by Jonas - seems to be a good encouragement which avoids the pitfalls of the concept of duty and of the idea of payment for blood donation. But can't we also see in this reform a threat to blood transfusion because of technophobia and the heuristics of fear that it involves? Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Genuinely high-dimensional nonlocality optimized by complementary measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim, James; Ryu, Junghee; Yoo, Seokwon; Lee, Changhyoup; Bang, Jeongho; Lee, Jinhyoung

2010-01-01

Qubits exhibit extreme nonlocality when their state is maximally entangled and this is observed by mutually unbiased local measurements. This criterion does not hold for the Bell inequalities of high-dimensional systems (qudits), recently proposed by Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu and Son-Lee-Kim. Taking an alternative approach, called the quantum-to-classical approach, we derive a series of Bell inequalities for qudits that satisfy the criterion as for the qubits. In the derivation each d-dimensional subsystem is assumed to be measured by one of d possible measurements with d being a prime integer. By applying to two qubits (d=2), we find that a derived inequality is reduced to the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality when the degree of nonlocality is optimized over all the possible states and local observables. Further applying to two and three qutrits (d=3), we find Bell inequalities that are violated for the three-dimensionally entangled states but are not violated by any two-dimensionally entangled states. In other words, the inequalities discriminate three-dimensional (3D) entanglement from two-dimensional (2D) entanglement and in this sense they are genuinely 3D. In addition, for the two qutrits we give a quantitative description of the relations among the three degrees of complementarity, entanglement and nonlocality. It is shown that the degree of complementarity jumps abruptly to very close to its maximum as nonlocality starts appearing. These characteristics imply that complementarity plays a more significant role in the present inequality compared with the previously proposed inequality.

A Morphing framework to couple non-local and local anisotropic continua

KAUST Repository

Azdoud, Yan

2013-05-01

In this article, we develop a method to couple anisotropic local continua with anisotropic non-local continua with central long-range forces. First, we describe anisotropic non-local models based on spherical harmonic descriptions. We then derive compatible classic continuum models. Finally, we apply the morphing method to these anisotropic non-local models and present three-dimensional numerical examples to validate the efficiency of the technique. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Boundary terms in the Nambu-Goto string action

Science.gov (United States)

Hadasz, Leszek; Wȩgrzyn, Paweł

1995-03-01

We investigate classical strings defined by the Nambu-Goto action with the boundary term added. We demonstrate that the latter term has a significant bearing on the string dynamics. It is confirmed that new action terms that depend on higher order derivatives of string coordinates cannot be considered as continuous perturbations from the starting string functional. In the case when the boundary term reduces to the Gauss-Bonnet term, a stability analysis is performed on the rotating rigid string solution. We determine the most generic solution that the fluctuations grow to. Longitudinal string excitations are found. The Regge trajectories are nonlinear.

Boundary terms in the Nambu-Goto string action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hadasz, L.; Wegrzyn, P.

1995-01-01

We investigate classical strings defined by the Nambu-Goto action with the boundary term added. We demonstrate that the latter term has a significant bearing on the string dynamics. It is confirmed that new action terms that depend on higher order derivatives of string coordinates cannot be considered as continuous perturbations from the starting string functional. In the case when the boundary term reduces to the Gauss-Bonnet term, a stability analysis is performed on the rotating rigid string solution. We determine the most generic solution that the fluctuations grow to. Longitudinal string excitations are found. The Regge trajectories are nonlinear

Flavor symmetry in the large Nc limit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karl, G.; Washington Univ., Seattle, WA; Lipkin, H.J.; Washington Univ., Seattle, WA

1991-01-01

An essential difference between two-flavor and three-flavor descriptions of baryons in large N c QCD is discussed in detail. For N c ≥3 a state with the SU(3) flavor quantum numbers of the proton must contain a number of strange quarks n s ≥(N c -3)/3, while a state with no strange quarks must have extra hypercharge Y-1 = 3/N c -1. The extra strangeness or extra hypercharge which vanishes for N c = 3 is spurious for the physical proton. This problem does not arise in two-flavor QCD, where the flavor-SU(2) Skyrmion may give a good approximation for nucleon-pion physics at low energies below strangeness threshold. But any nucleon model with SU(3) flavor symmetry which is interpreted as arising from the large N c limit in QCD can lead to erroneous conclusions about the spin and flavor structure of the proton. 12 refs

The flavor-locked flavorful two Higgs doublet model

Science.gov (United States)

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Gori, Stefania; Robinson, Dean J.; Tuckler, Douglas

2018-03-01

We propose a new framework to generate the Standard Model (SM) quark flavor hierarchies in the context of two Higgs doublet models (2HDM). The `flavorful' 2HDM couples the SM-like Higgs doublet exclusively to the third quark generation, while the first two generations couple exclusively to an additional source of electroweak symmetry breaking, potentially generating striking collider signatures. We synthesize the flavorful 2HDM with the `flavor-locking' mechanism, that dynamically generates large quark mass hierarchies through a flavor-blind portal to distinct flavon and hierarchon sectors: dynamical alignment of the flavons allows a unique hierarchon to control the respective quark masses. We further develop the theoretical construction of this mechanism, and show that in the context of a flavorful 2HDM-type setup, it can automatically achieve realistic flavor structures: the CKM matrix is automatically hierarchical with | V cb | and | V ub | generically of the observed size. Exotic contributions to meson oscillation observables may also be generated, that may accommodate current data mildly better than the SM itself.

Heavy flavor baryons in hypercentral model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patel, Bhavin; Vinodkumar, P.C.; Rai, Ajay Kumar

2008-01-01

Heavy flavor baryons containing single and double charm (beauty) quarks with light flavor combinations are studied using the hypercentral description of the three- body problem. The confinement potential is assumed as hypercentral Coulomb plus power potential with power index υ. The ground state masses of the heavy flavor, J P = 1/2 + and 3/2 + baryons are computed for different power indices, υ starting from 0.5 to 2.0. The predicted masses are found to attain a saturated value in each case of quark combinations beyond the power index υ = 1.0. (author)

Weakly nonlocal symplectic structures, Whitham method and weakly nonlocal symplectic structures of hydrodynamic type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maltsev, A Ya

2005-01-01

We consider the special type of field-theoretical symplectic structures called weakly nonlocal. The structures of this type are, in particular, very common for integrable systems such as KdV or NLS. We introduce here the special class of weakly nonlocal symplectic structures which we call weakly nonlocal symplectic structures of hydrodynamic type. We investigate then the connection of such structures with the Whitham averaging method and propose the procedure of 'averaging' the weakly nonlocal symplectic structures. The averaging procedure gives the weakly nonlocal symplectic structure of hydrodynamic type for the corresponding Whitham system. The procedure also gives 'action variables' corresponding to the wave numbers of m-phase solutions of the initial system which give the additional conservation laws for the Whitham system

The phase diagram of high temperature QCD with three flavors of improved staggered quarks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernard, C.; Burch, T.; DeTar, C.E.; Gottlieb, Steven; Gregory, E.B.; Heller, U.M.; Hetrick, J.E.; Sugar, R.L.; Toussaint, D.

2004-01-01

We report on progress in our study of high temperature QCD with three flavors of improved staggered quarks. Simulations are being carried out with three degenerate quarks with masses less than or equal to the strange quark mass, m s , and with degenerate up and down quarks with masses in the range 0.1 m s ≤ m u,d ≤ 0.6 m s , and the strange quark mass fixed near its physical value. For the quark masses studied to date we find rapid crossovers, which sharpen as the quark mass is reduced, rather than bona fide phase transitions

High temperature QCD with three flavors of improved staggered quarks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernard, C.; Burch, T.; Tar, C.E. de; Gottlieb, Steven; Gregory, Eric; Heller, U.M.; Osborn, J.; Sugar, R.L.; Toussaint, D.

2003-01-01

We present an update of our study of high temperature QCD with three flavors of quarks, using a Symanzik improved gauge action and the Asqtad staggered quark action. Simulations are being carried out on lattices with N t = 4, 6 and 8 for the case of three degenerate quarks with masses less than or equal to the strange quark mass, m s and on lattices with N t = 6 and 8 for degenerate up and down quarks with masses in the range 0.2m s ≤ m u,d ≤ 0.6m s and the strange quark fixed near its physical value. We also report on first computations of quark number susceptibilities with the Asqtad action. These susceptibilities are of interest because they can be related to event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collision experiments. Use of the improved quark action leads to a substantial reduction in lattice artifacts. This can be seen already for free fermions and carries over into our results for QCD

A solution to the rho-π puzzle: Spontaneously broken symmetries of the quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caldi, D.G.; Pagels, H.

1976-01-01

This article proposes a solution to the long-standing rho-π puzzle: How can the rho and π be members of a quark model U(6) 36 and the π be a Nambu-Goldstone boson satisfying partial conservation of the axial-vector current (PCAC) Our solution to the puzzle requires a revision of conventional concepts regarding the vector mesons rho, ω, K*, and phi. Just as the π is a Goldstone state, a collective excitation of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio type, transforming as a member of the (3, 3) + (3, 3) representation of the chiral SU(3) x SU(3) group, so also the rho transforms like (3, 3) + (3, 3) and is also a collective state, a ''dormant'' Goldstone boson that is a true Goldstone boson in the static chiral U(6) x U(6) limit. The static chiral U(6) x U(6) is to be spontaneously broken to static U(6) in the vacuum. Relativisitc effects provide for U(6) breaking and a massive rho. This viewpoint has many consequences. Vector-meson dominance is a consequence of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry: the mechanism that couples the axial-vector current to the π couples the vector current to the rho. The transition rate is calculated as γ/sub rho/ -1 = f/sub pi//m/sub rho/ in rough agreement with experiment. This picture requires soft rho's to decouple. The chiral partner of the rho is not the A 1 but the B (1235). The experimental absence of the A 1 is no longer a theoretical embarrassment in this scheme. As the analog of PCAC for the pion we establish a tensor-field identity for the rho meson in which the rho is interpreted as a dormant Goldstone state. The decays delta → eta + π, B → ω + π, epsilon → 2π are estimated and are found to be in agreement with the observed rates. A static U(6) x U(6) generalization of the Σ model is presented with the π, rho, sigma, B in the (6, 6) + (6, 6) representation. The rho emerges as a dormant Goldstone boson in this model

On the Activation of Quantum Nonlocality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Felipe Ducuara

2016-05-01

Full Text Available We report on some quantum properties of physical systems, namely, entanglement, nonlocality, k-copy nonlocality (superactivation of nonlocality, hidden nonlocality (activation of nonlocality through local filtering and the activation of nonlocality through tensoring and local filtering. The aim of this work is two-fold. First, we provide a review of the numerical procedures that must be followed in order to calculate the aforementioned properties, in particular, for any two-qubit system, and reproduce the bounds for two-qudit Werner states. Second, we use such numerical tools to calculate new bounds of these properties for two-qudit Isotropic states and two-qubit Hirsch states.

Heavy flavors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cox, B.; Gilman, F.J.; Gottschalk, T.D.

1986-11-01

A range of issues pertaining to heavy flavors at the SSC is examined including heavy flavor production by gluon-gluon fusion and by shower evolution of gluon jets, flavor tagging, reconstruction of Higgs and W bosons, and the study of rare decays and CP violation in the B meson system. A specific detector for doing heavy flavor physics and tuned to this latter study at the SSC, the TASTER, is described. 36 refs., 10 figs

Two-dimensional Schrödinger symmetry and three-dimensional breathers and Kelvin-ripple complexes as quasi-massive-Nambu-Goldstone modes

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi, Daisuke A.; Ohashi, Keisuke; Fujimori, Toshiaki; Nitta, Muneto

2017-08-01

Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap are known to possess a hidden 2D Schrödinger symmetry, that is, the Schrödinger symmetry modified by a trapping potential. Spontaneous breaking of this symmetry gives rise to a breathing motion of the BEC, whose oscillation frequency is robustly determined by the strength of the harmonic trap. In this paper, we demonstrate that the concept of the 2D Schrödinger symmetry can be applied to predict the nature of three-dimensional (3D) collective modes propagating along a condensate confined in an elongated trap. We find three kinds of collective modes whose existence is robustly ensured by the Schrödinger symmetry, which are physically interpreted as one breather mode and two Kelvin-ripple complex modes, i.e., composite modes in which the vortex core and the condensate surface oscillate interactively. We provide analytical expressions for the dispersion relations (energy-momentum relation) of these modes using the Bogoliubov theory [D. A. Takahashi and M. Nitta, Ann. Phys. 354, 101 (2015), 10.1016/j.aop.2014.12.009]. Furthermore, we point out that these modes can be interpreted as "quasi-massive-Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes", that is, they have the properties of both quasi-NG and massive NG modes: quasi-NG modes appear when a symmetry of a part of a Lagrangian, which is not a symmetry of a full Lagrangian, is spontaneously broken, while massive NG modes appear when a modified symmetry is spontaneously broken.

Milliseid mõtteid tekitas konverents "Tsensuur meedias ja kunstis"? / Jonas Valatkevicius, Jevgeni Tsymbal, Mark Soosaar...[jt.] ; interv. Grete Naaber

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2000-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad Vilniuse kunstikeskuse kuraator Jonas Valatkevicius, Moskva filmirežissöör Jevgeni Tsymbal, Mark Soosaar, Albaania kunstigalerii juhataja Gezim Qendro, BBC ajakirjanik Tiina Tamman

Unquenched flavor on the Higgs branch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faedo, Antón F.; Mateos, David; Pantelidou, Christiana; Tarrío, Javier

2016-01-01

We construct the gravity duals of the Higgs branches of three-dimensional (four-dimensional) super Yang-Mills theories coupled to N_f quark flavors. The effect of the quarks on the color degrees of freedom is included, and corresponds on the gravity side to the backreaction of N_f flavor D6-branes (D7-branes) on the background of N_c color D2-branes (D3-branes). The Higgsing of the gauge group arises from the dissolution of some color branes inside the flavor branes. The dissolved color branes are represented by non-Abelian instantons whose backreaction is also included. The result is a cascading-like solution in which the effective number of color branes varies along the holographic direction. In the three-dimensional case the solution may include an arbitrary number of quasi-conformal (walking) regions.

Probing CPT violation in neutrino oscillation: A three flavor analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samanta, Abhijit

2010-01-01

We have studied CPT violation in neutrino oscillation considering three flavor framework with matter effect. We have constructed a new way to find the oscillation probability incorporating CPT violating terms without any approximation. Then CPT violation with atmospheric neutrinos for a magnetized iron calorimeter detector considering the muons (directly measurable with high resolution) of the charge current events has been studied for zero and nonzero θ 13 values. It is found that a potential bound of δb 32 ≤6x10 -24 GeV at 99% CL can be obtained with 1 Mton.year exposure of this detector; and unlike neutrino beam experiments, there is no possibility to generate 'fake' CPT violation due to matter effect with atmospheric neutrinos. The advantages of atmospheric neutrinos to discriminate CPT violation from CP violation and nonstandard interactions are also discussed.

Searches for Light- and Heavy-flavor Three-jet Resonances in proton-proton Collisions with the CMS Detector at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seitz, Claudia [Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ (United States)

2014-01-01

A search for three-jet hadronic resonance production in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV center-of-mass energy has been conducted by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb^-1. The search method is modelindependent. Events are selected that contain a large number of jets with high transverse momentum. An ensemble of jets is used to extract a new possible signal from copious QCD background. Event selection is optimized using a benchmark model where supersymmetric gluinos are pair-produced and each of the gluinos decays exclusively into three jets. Two scenarios of this decay are considered denoted by the RPV couplings λ'' ₁₁₂ and λ'' ₁₁₃ or λ'' ₂₂₃. The first coupling allows for gluinos to decay into only light-flavor jets, while the latter two allow decays into one heavy-flavor and two light-flavor jets. No significant deviation is found between the selected events and the expected standard model multijet and t$\\bar{t}$ background. For gluinos decaying through 00 112, masses below 650 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The search including heavy-flavor jets in the final state with the couplings λ'' ₁₁₃ or λ'' ₂₂₃ is the first of its kind. Gluinos decaying into one heavy-flavor and two light-flavor jets are excluded for masses between 200 and 835 GeV.

Multipartite fully nonlocal quantum states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Mafalda L.; Cavalcanti, Daniel; Scarani, Valerio; Acin, Antonio

2010-01-01

We present a general method for characterizing the quantum correlations obtained after local measurements on multipartite systems. Sufficient conditions for a quantum system to be fully nonlocal according to a given partition, as well as being (genuinely) multipartite fully nonlocal, are derived. These conditions allow us to identify all completely connected graph states as multipartite fully nonlocal quantum states. Moreover, we show that this feature can also be observed in mixed states: the tensor product of five copies of the Smolin state, a biseparable and bound entangled state, is multipartite fully nonlocal.

Extent of multiparticle quantum nonlocality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, Nick S.; Linden, Noah; Massar, Serge

2005-01-01

It is well known that entangled quantum states are nonlocal: the corrrelations between local measurements carried out on these states cannot be reproduced by local hidden variable models. Svetlichny, followed by others, showed that multipartite quantum states are more nonlocal than bipartite ones in the sense that even some nonlocal classical models with (super-luminal) communication between some of the parties cannot reproduce the quantum correlations. Here we study in detail the kinds of nonlocality present in quantum states. More precisely, we enquire what kinds of classical communication patterns cannot reproduce quantum correlations. By studying the extremal points of the space of all multiparty probability distributions, in which all parties can make one of a pair of measurements each with two possible outcomes, we find a necessary condition for classical nonlocal models to reproduce the statistics of all quantum states. This condition extends and generalizes work of Svetlichny and others in which it was showed that a particular class of classical nonlocal models, the 'separable' models, cannot reproduce the statistics of all multiparticle quantum states. Our condition shows that the nonlocality present in some entangled multiparticle quantum states is much stronger than previously thought. We also study the sufficiency of our condition

arXiv Mass-improvement of the vector current in three-flavor QCD

CERN Document Server

Fritzsch, Patrick

2018-06-04

We determine two improvement coefficients which are relevant to cancel mass-dependent cutoff effects in correlation functions with operator insertions of the non-singlet local QCD vector current. This determination is based on degenerate three-flavor QCD simulations of non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson fermions with tree-level improved gauge action. Employing a very robust strategy that has been pioneered in the quenched approximation leads to an accurate estimate of a counterterm cancelling dynamical quark cutoff effects linear in the trace of the quark mass matrix. To our knowledge this is the first time that such an effect has been determined systematically with large significance.

Meat flavor precursors and factors influencing flavor precursors--A systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Muhammad Issa; Jo, Cheorun; Tariq, Muhammad Rizwan

2015-12-01

Flavor is the sensory impression sensed by taste and smell buds and is a leading factor determining the meat quality and purchasing decision of the consumer. Meat flavor is characteristic of volatiles produced as a result of reactions of non-volatile components that are induced thermally. The water soluble compounds having low molecular weight and meat lipids are important precursors of cooked meat flavor. The Maillard reaction, lipid oxidation, and vitamin degradation are leading reactions during cooking which develop meat flavor from uncooked meat with little aroma and bloody taste. The pre-slaughter and postmortem factors like animal breed, sex, age, feed, aging and cooking conditions contribute to flavor development of cooked meat. The objective of this review is to highlight the flavor chemistry, meat flavor precursors and factors affecting meat flavor precursors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Flavor Memory

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mojet, Jos; Köster, Ep

2016-01-01

Odor, taste, texture, temperature, and pain all contribute to the perception and memory of food flavor. Flavor memory is also strongly linked to the situational aspects of previous encounters with the flavor, but does not depend on the precise recollection of its sensory features as in vision and

Nonlocal Gravity and Structure in the Universe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dodelson, Scott [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Park, Sohyun [Penn State U., University Park, IGC

2014-08-26

The observed acceleration of the Universe can be explained by modifying general relativity. One such attempt is the nonlocal model of Deser and Woodard. Here we fix the background cosmology using results from the Planck satellite and examine the predictions of nonlocal gravity for the evolution of structure in the universe, confronting the model with three tests: gravitational lensing, redshift space distortions, and the estimator of gravity $E_G$. Current data favor general relativity (GR) over nonlocal gravity: fixing primordial cosmology with the best fit parameters from Planck leads to weak lensing results favoring GR by 5.9 sigma; redshift space distortions measurements of the growth rate preferring GR by 7.8 sigma; and the single measurement of $E_G$ favoring GR, but by less than 1-sigma. The significance holds up even after the parameters are allowed to vary within Planck limits. The larger lesson is that a successful modified gravity model will likely have to suppress the growth of structure compared to general relativity.

Chiral topological insulator on Nambu 3-algebraic geometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazuki Hasebe

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Chiral topological insulator (AIII-class with Landau levels is constructed based on the Nambu 3-algebraic geometry. We clarify the geometric origin of the chiral symmetry of the AIII-class topological insulator in the context of non-commutative geometry of 4D quantum Hall effect. The many-body groundstate wavefunction is explicitly derived as a (l,l,l−1 Laughlin–Halperin type wavefunction with unique K-matrix structure. Fundamental excitation is identified with anyonic string-like object with fractional charge 1/(2(l−12+1. The Hall effect of the chiral topological insulators turns out be a color version of Hall effect, which exhibits a dual property of the Hall and spin-Hall effects.

Nonlocal Galileons and self-acceleration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gabadadze, Gregory; Yu, Siqing, E-mail: sy1430@nyu.edu

2017-05-10

A certain class of nonlocal theories eliminates an arbitrary cosmological constant (CC) from a universe that can be perceived as our world. Dark energy then cannot be explained by a CC; it could however be due to massive gravity. We calculate the new corrections, which originate from the nonlocal terms that eliminate the CC, to the decoupling limit Lagrangian of massive gravity. The new nonlocal terms also have internal field space Galilean symmetry and are referred here as “nonlocal Galileons.” We then study a self-accelerated solution and show that the new nonlocal terms change the perturbative stability analysis. In particular, small fluctuations are now stable and non-superluminal for some simple parameter choices, whereas for the same choices the pure massive gravity fluctuations are unstable. We also study stable spherically symmetric solutions on this background.

On the correspondence between the dynamics with odd and even brackets and generalized Nambu's mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makhaldiani, N.; Voskresenskaya, O.

1998-01-01

We consider selected problems of Hamiltonization and integrability of a general dynamical system described by a system of ordinary differential equations; odd and even symplectic structures; a new approach to the linearization of non-linear systems by the extended Hamiltonian and Nambu's mechanics

Quadratic solitons for negative effective second-harmonic diffraction as nonlocal solitons with periodic nonlocal response function

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Esbensen, B.K.; Bache, Morten; Krolikowski, W.

2012-01-01

We employ the formal analogy between quadratic and nonlocal solitons to investigate analytically the properties of solitons and soliton bound states in second-harmonic generation in the regime of negative diffraction or dispersion of the second harmonic. We show that in the nonlocal description...... this regime corresponds to a periodic nonlocal response function. We then use the strongly nonlocal approximation to find analytical solutions of the families of single bright solitons and their bound states in terms of Mathieu functions....

The status and prospects of quantum non-local field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cornish, N.J.; Melbourne Univ., Parkville

1991-01-01

A critical review of the physical constraints on the form the non-locality can take is presented. The conclusion of this review is that non-locality must be restricted to interactions with the vacuum sea of virtual particles. A successful formulation of such a theory, Quantum Nonlocal Field Theory (QNFT), is applied to scalar electrodynamics and serves to illustrate how gauge invariance and manifest finiteness can be achieved. The importance of the infinite dimensional symmetry groups that occur in QNFT are discussed as an alternative to supersymmetry, the ability to generate masses by breaking the non-local symmetry with a non-invariant functional measure is given a critical assessment. To demonstrate some of the many novel applications QNFT may make possible, three disparate examples are mooted, the existence of electroweak monopoles, an mechanism for CP violation and the formulation of a finite perturbative theory of Quantum Gravity. 21 refs., ills

Certifying the absence of quantum nonlocality

OpenAIRE

Miller, Carl A.; Shi, Yaoyun

2016-01-01

Quantum nonlocality is an inherently non-classical feature of quantum mechanics and manifests itself through violation of Bell inequalities for nonlocal games. We show that in a fairly general setting, a simple extension of a nonlocal game can certify instead the absence of quantum nonlocality. Through contraposition, our result implies that a super-classical performance for such a game ensures that a player's output is unpredictable to the other player. Previously such output unpredictabilit...

Odd-flavor Simulations by the Hybrid Monte Carlo

CERN Document Server

Takaishi, Tetsuya; Takaishi, Tetsuya; De Forcrand, Philippe

2001-01-01

The standard hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm is known to simulate even flavors QCD only. Simulations of odd flavors QCD, however, can be also performed in the framework of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm where the inverse of the fermion matrix is approximated by a polynomial. In this exploratory study we perform three flavors QCD simulations. We make a comparison of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm and the R-algorithm which also simulates odd flavors systems but has step-size errors. We find that results from our hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm are in agreement with those from the R-algorithm obtained at very small step-size.

Optical Beams in Nonlocal Nonlinear Media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Królikowski, W.; Bang, Ole; Wyller, J.

2003-01-01

We discuss propagation of optical beams in nonlocal Kerr-like media with the nonlocality of general form. We study the effect of nonlocality on modulational instability of the plane wave fronts, collapse of finite beams and formation of spatial solitons....

The QCD Phase Diagram for Three Degenerate Flavors and Small Baryon Density

CERN Document Server

De Forcrand, Philippe; Forcrand, Ph. de

2003-01-01

We present results for the phase diagram of three flavor QCD for \\mu_B ~ 500 MeV. Our simulations are performed with imaginary chemical potential \\mu_I for which the fermion determinant is positive. Physical observables are then fitted by truncated Taylor series and continued to real chemical potential. We map out the location of the critical line T_c(\\mu_B) with an accuracy up to terms of order (\\mu_B/T)^6. We also give first results on a determination of the critical endpoint of the transition and its quark mass dependence. Our results for the endpoint differ significantly from those obtained by other methods, and we discuss possible reasons for this.

Towards LHC physics with nonlocal Standard Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biswas, Tirthabir, E-mail: tbiswas@loyno.edu [Department of Physics, Loyola University, 6363 St. Charles Avenue, Box 92, New Orleans, LA 70118 (United States); Okada, Nobuchika, E-mail: okadan@ua.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324 (United States)

2015-09-15

We take a few steps towards constructing a string-inspired nonlocal extension of the Standard Model. We start by illustrating how quantum loop calculations can be performed in nonlocal scalar field theory. In particular, we show the potential to address the hierarchy problem in the nonlocal framework. Next, we construct a nonlocal abelian gauge model and derive modifications of the gauge interaction vertex and field propagators. We apply the modifications to a toy version of the nonlocal Standard Model and investigate collider phenomenology. We find the lower bound on the scale of nonlocality from the 8 TeV LHC data to be 2.5–3 TeV.

WHY COLOR-FLAVOR LOCKING IS JUST LIKE CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

PISARSKI, R.D.; RISCHKE, D.H.

2000-01-01

The authors review how a classification into representations of color and flavor can be used to understand the possible patterns of symmetry breaking for color superconductivity in dense quark matter. In particular, the authors show how for three flavors, color-flavor locking is precisely analogous to the usual pattern of chiral symmetry breaking in the QCD vacuum

Spinodal instability of baryon-rich quark matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Feng; Ko, Che Ming

2017-01-01

The spinodal instabilities of both confined and expanding baryon-rich quark matters are studied in a transport model derived from the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model. Appreciable higher-order density moments are seen as a result of the first-order phase transition in both cases. The skewness of the quark number event-by-event distribution in a small subvolume of the system becomes appreciable for the confined quark matter. For the expanding quark matter, the density fluctuations lead to enhanced anisotropic flows and dilepton yield. (paper)

Scalar mesons and glueballs in a chiral U(3)xU(3) quark model with 't Hooft interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagy, M.; Volkov, M.K.; Yudichev, V.L.

2000-01-01

In a U(3)xU(3) quark chiral model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasino (NJL) type with the 't Hooft interaction, the ground scalar isoscalar mesons and a scalar glueball are described. The glueball (dilaton) is introduced into the effective meson Lagrangian written in a chirally symmetric form on the basis of scale invariance. The singlet-octet mixing of scalar isoscalar mesons and their mixing with the glueball are taken into account. Mass spectra of the scalar mesons and glueball and their strong decays are described

Robust non-local median filter

Science.gov (United States)

Matsuoka, Jyohei; Koga, Takanori; Suetake, Noriaki; Uchino, Eiji

2017-04-01

This paper describes a novel image filter with superior performance on detail-preserving removal of random-valued impulse noise superimposed on natural gray-scale images. The non-local means filter is in the limelight as a way of Gaussian noise removal with superior performance on detail preservation. By referring the fundamental concept of the non-local means, we had proposed a non-local median filter as a specialized way for random-valued impulse noise removal so far. In the non-local processing, the output of a filter is calculated from pixels in blocks which are similar to the block centered at a pixel of interest. As a result, aggressive noise removal is conducted without destroying the detailed structures in an original image. However, the performance of non-local processing decreases enormously in the case of high noise occurrence probability. A cause of this problem is that the superimposed noise disturbs accurate calculation of the similarity between the blocks. To cope with this problem, we propose an improved non-local median filter which is robust to the high level of corruption by introducing a new similarity measure considering possibility of being the original signal. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are verified in a series of experiments using natural gray-scale images.

Multisensory Flavor Priming

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dijksterhuis, Garmt Bernard

2016-01-01

with a taxonomy of different priming situations. In food-related applications of flavor, both bottom-up (sensory) as well as top-down (expectations) processes are at play. Most of the complex interactions that this leads to take place outside the awareness of the perceiving subject. A model is presented where...... many, past and current, aspects (sensory, surroundings, social, somatic, sentimental) of a (flavor) perception, together result in the perception of a flavor, its liking. or its choice. This model borrows on ideas from priming, situated/embodied cognition, and (food-related) perception.......Flavor is multisensory; several interacting sensory systems-taste, smell, and mouthfeel-together comprise "flavor," making it a cognitively constructed percept rather than a bottom-up sensory one. In this chapter, some of the complications this entails for flavor priming are introduced, along...

Disentanglement, Bell-nonlocality violation and teleportation capacity of the decaying tripartite states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Ming-Liang, E-mail: mingliang0301@163.com

2012-09-15

Dynamics of disentanglement as measured by the tripartite negativity and Bell nonlocality as measured by the extent of violation of the multipartite Bell-type inequalities are investigated in this work. It is shown definitively that for the initial three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) or W class state preparation, the Bell nonlocality suffers sudden death under the influence of thermal reservoirs. Moreover, all the Bell-nonlocal states are useful for nonclassical teleportation, while there are entangled states that do not violate any Bell-type inequalities, but still yield nonclassical teleportation fidelity. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Comparison of different aspects of quantum correlations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Robustness of the initial tripartite GHZ and W class states against decoherence. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bell-nonlocality sudden death under the influence of thermal reservoir. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A nonzero minimum tripartite negativity is needed for nonclassical teleportation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer All the Bell-nonlocal states yield nonclassical teleportation fidelity.

Algebraic reduction of the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole to the Dirac monopole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Landi, G.; Marmo, G.

1988-01-01

In the context of the algebraic description of gauge fields by means of extensions of Lie algebras considered in previous articles by the authors, we define the notion of reduction of an extension of Lie algebras. Given a connection we define the holonomy algebra and the holonomy sequence of the connection and we prove that it is always possible to reduce the extension we start with to the holonomy sequence of the connection. As an example we construct a 't Hooft-Polyakov-like extension of algebras and reduce it to the extension which describes the Dirac monopole as discussed in a previous paper by the authors. The supersymmetric version of all results is obtained by replacing ordinary Lie algebras with Lie superalgebras. (orig.)

Nonlocal continuum field theories

CERN Document Server

2002-01-01

Nonlocal continuum field theories are concerned with material bodies whose behavior at any interior point depends on the state of all other points in the body -- rather than only on an effective field resulting from these points -- in addition to its own state and the state of some calculable external field. Nonlocal field theory extends classical field theory by describing the responses of points within the medium by functionals rather than functions (the "constitutive relations" of classical field theory). Such considerations are already well known in solid-state physics, where the nonlocal interactions between the atoms are prevalent in determining the properties of the material. The tools developed for crystalline materials, however, do not lend themselves to analyzing amorphous materials, or materials in which imperfections are a major part of the structure. Nonlocal continuum theories, by contrast, can describe these materials faithfully at scales down to the lattice parameter. This book presents a unif...

Nambu-Goto string with the Gauss-Bonnet term and point-like masses at the ends

Science.gov (United States)

Hadasz, Leszek; Róg, Tomasz

1996-02-01

We investigate classical dynamics of the Nambu-Goto string with Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and point-like masses at the ends in the context of effective QCD string. The configuration of rigidly rotating string is studied and its application to phenomenological description of meson spectroscopy is discussed.

Baryon octet electromagnetic form factors in a confining NJL model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel E. Carrillo-Serrano

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Electromagnetic form factors of the baryon octet are studied using a Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model which utilizes the proper-time regularization scheme to simulate aspects of colour confinement. In addition, the model also incorporates corrections to the dressed quarks from vector meson correlations in the t-channel and the pion cloud. Comparison with recent chiral extrapolations of lattice QCD results shows a remarkable level of consistency. For the charge radii we find the surprising result that rEp

Prenatal flavor exposure affects flavor recognition and stress-related behavior of piglets.

Science.gov (United States)

Oostindjer, Marije; Bolhuis, J Elizabeth; van den Brand, Henry; Kemp, Bas

2009-11-01

Exposure to flavors in the amniotic fluid and mother's milk derived from the maternal diet has been shown to modulate food preferences and neophobia of young animals of several species. Aim of the experiment was to study the effects of pre- and postnatal flavor exposure on behavior of piglets during (re)exposure to this flavor. Furthermore, we investigated whether varying stress levels, caused by different test settings, affected behavior of animals during (re)exposure. Piglets were exposed to anisic flavor through the maternal diet during late gestation and/or during lactation or never. Piglets that were prenatally exposed to the flavor through the maternal diet behaved differently compared with unexposed pigs during reexposure to the flavor in several tests, suggesting recognition of the flavor. The differences between groups were more pronounced in tests with relatively high stress levels. This suggests that stress levels, caused by the design of the test, can affect the behavior shown in the presence of the flavor. We conclude that prenatal flavor exposure affects behaviors of piglets that are indicative of recognition and that these behaviors are influenced by stress levels during (re)exposure.

Quark spin-flavor layered structure with condensed π/sup 0/ field in Chiral bag model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tamagaki, R.; Tatsumi, T.

1984-01-01

In order to understand predispositions of high density matter, a new phase possibly arising from the neutron matter under π/sup 0/ condensation is studied in chiral bag model, as a facet in which both quark and pion degrees of freedom are incorporated in a well-developed situation of π/sup 0/ condensation. The aspects of this phase are characterized by the periodic layered structure of the two-dimensional quark matter with a specific spin-flavor order the π/sup 0/ field existent as the Nambu-Goldstone mode between the adjacent layers. Such quark configuration is caused due to the pion-quark coupling at the layer (bag) surface which drastically lowers quark energy. Energy properties of the system are examined, and it is shown that the one-gluon-exchange contribution provides the repulsive effect to prevent the layered structure from collapsing. This model provides an example which can be solved nonperturbatively in the chiral bag model and suggests the possibility of an intermediate stage which may appear prior to the phase transition to uniform quark matter

Nonlocality and localizability in quantum mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuno, K.

1989-01-01

Nonlocality of simultaneous spatial correlation of a quantum phenomenon as demonstrated in various versions of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type experiment reduces to nonlocality of the measurement apparatus in the sense that the eigen-wavefunctions for the apparatus are completely specified in a manner of being independent of whatever object it may measure. Nonlocality of the measurement apparatus however serves as no more than a good approximation to reality at best. The theoretical imposition of nonlocality of the measurement apparatus as an approximation is compatible with the actual locality of quantum mechanics that dispenses with an agent claiming globally simultaneous specifiability of boundary conditions, though the genuine locality of quantum mechanics has to be examined without employing the nonlocality of the measurement apparatus. The actual locality of quantum mechanics is intrinsically irreversible in its development

Enhanced Constraints on theta13 from A Three-Flavor Oscillation Analysis of Reactor Antineutrinos at KamLAND

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The KamLAND Collaboration; Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Kibe, Y.; Kishimoto, Y.; Koga, M.; Minekawa, Y.; Mitsui, T.; Morikawa, T.; Nagai, N.; Nakajima, K.; Nakamura, K.; Narita, K.; Shimizu, I.; Shimizu, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, N.; Takemoto, Y.; Tamae, K.; Watanabe, H.; Xu, B. D.; Yabumoto, H.; Yoshida, H.; Yoshida, S.; Enomoto, S.; Kozlov, A.; Murayama, H.; Grant, C.; Keefer, G.; Piepke, A.; Banks, T. I.; Bloxham, T.; Detwiler, J. A.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Han, K.; Kadel, R.; O' Donnell, T.; Steiner, H. M.; Dwyer, D. A.; McKeown, R. D.; Zhang, C.; Berger, B. E.; Lane, C. E.; Maricic, J.; Miletic, T.; Batygov, M.; Learned, J. G.; Matsuno, S.; Sakai, M.; Horton-Smith, G. A.; Downum, K. E.; Gratta, G.; Efremenko, Y.; Perevozchikov, O.; Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Tornow, W.; Heeger, K. M.; Decowski, M. P.

2010-09-24

We present new constraints on the neutrino oscillation parameters {Delta}m{sub 21}{sup 2}, {theta}{sub 12}, and {theta}{sub 13} from a three-flavor analysis of solar and KamLAND data. The KamLAND data set includes data acquired following a radiopurity upgrade and amounts to a total exposure of 3.49 x 10{sup 32} target-proton-year. Under the assumption of CPT invariance, a two-flavor analysis ({theta}{sub 13} = 0) of the KamLAND and solar data yields the best-fit values tan{sup 2} {theta}{sub 12} = 0.444{sub -0.030}{sup +0.036} and {Delta}m{sub 21}{sup 2} = 7.50{sub -0.20}{sup +0.19} x 10{sup -5} eV{sup 2}; a three-flavor analysis with {theta}{sub 13} as a free parameter yields the best-fit values tan{sup 2} {theta}{sub 12} = 0.452{sub -0.033}{sup +0.035}, {Delta}m{sub 21}{sup 2} = 7.50{sub -0.20}{sup +0.19} x 10{sup -5}eV{sup 2}, and sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub 13} = 0.020{sub -0.016}{sup +0.016}. This {theta}{sub 13} interval is consistent with other recent work combining the CHOOZ, atmospheric and long-baseline accelerator experiments. We also present a new global {theta}{sub 13} analysis, incorporating the CHOOZ, atmospheric and accelerator data, which indicates sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub 13} = 0.017{sub -0.009}{sup +0.010}, a nonzero value at the 93% C.L. This finding will be further tested by upcoming accelerator and reactor experiments.

From Sakata model to Goldberg-Ne'eman quarks and Nambu QCD phenomenology and 'right' and 'wrong' experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipkin, Harry J.

2007-01-01

The basic theoretical milestones were the Sakata SU(3) symmetry, the Goldberg-Ne'eman composite model with SU(3) triplets having baryon number (1/3) and the Nambu color gauge Lagrangian. The transition was led in right and wrong directions by experiments interpreted by phenomenology. A 'good' experiment on p-bar p annihilation at rest showed that the Sakata model predictions disagreed with experiment. A 'bad' experiment prevented the use of the Goldberg-Ne'eman triplet model to predict the existence and masses of the Ξ * and Ω - . More 'good' experiments revealed the existence and mass of the Ξ * and the Ω - and the absence of positive strangeness baryon resonances, thus confirming the 'tenfold way'. Further 'good experiments' revealed the existence of the vector meson nonet, SU(3) breaking with singlet-octet mixing and the suppression of the φ → ρπ decay. These led to the quark triplet model. The paradox of peculiar statistics then arose as the Δ ++ and Ω - contained three identical spin-1/2 fermions coupled symmetrically to spin (3/2). This led to color and the Nambu QCD. The book 'Lie Groups for Pedestrians' used the Sakata model with the name 'sakaton' for the pnΛ triplet to teach the algebra of SU(3) to particle physicists in the U.S. and Europe who knew no group theory. The Sakata model had a renaissance in hypernuclear physics in the 1970's. (author)

[Inheritance on and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavor theory and TCM flavor standardization principle flavor theory in Compendium of Materia Medica].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Rui-xian; Li, Jian

2015-12-01

All previous literatures about Chinese herbal medicines show distinctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavors. Compendium of Materia Medica is an influential book in TCM history. The TCM flavor theory and flavor standardization principle in this book has important significance for modern TCM flavor standardization. Compendium of Materia Medica pays attention to the flavor theory, explain the relations between the flavor of medicine and its therapeutic effects by means of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. However,the book has not reflected and further developed the systemic theory, which originated in the Jin and Yuan dynasty. In Compendium of Materia Medica , flavor are standardized just by tasting medicines, instead of deducing flavors. Therefore, medicine tasting should be adopted as the major method to standardize the flavor of medicine.

Can EPR non-locality be geometrical?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ne'eman, Y.

1995-01-01

The presence in Quantum Mechanics of non-local correlations is one of the two fundamentally non-intuitive features of that theory. The non-local correlations themselves fall into two classes: EPR and Geometrical. The non-local characteristics of the geometrical type are well-understood and are not suspected of possibly generating acausal features, such as faster-than-light propagation of information. This has especially become true since the emergence of a geometrical treatment for the relevant gauge theories, i.e. Fiber Bundle geometry, in which the quantum non-localities are seen to correspond to pure homotopy considerations. This aspect is reviewed in section 2. Contrary-wise, from its very conception, the EPR situation was felt to be paradoxical. It has been suggested that the non-local features of EPR might also derive from geometrical considerations, like all other non-local characteristics of QM. In[7], one of the authors was able to point out several plausibility arguments for this thesis, emphasizing in particular similarities between the non-local correlations provided by any gauge field theory and those required by the preservation of the quantum numbers of the original EPR state-vector, throughout its spatially-extended mode. The derivation was, however, somewhat incomplete, especially because of the apparent difference between, on the one hand, the closed spatial loops arising in the analysis of the geometrical non-localities, from Aharonov-Bohm and Berry phases to magnetic monopoles and instantons, and on the other hand, in the EPR case, the open line drawn by the positions of the two moving decay products of the disintegrating particle. In what follows, the authors endeavor to remove this obstacle and show that as in all other QM non-localities, EPR is somehow related to closed loops, almost involving homotopy considerations. They develop this view in section 3

Tripartite states' Bell-nonlocality sudden death in an environmental spin chain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Benqiong; Shao Bin; Zou Jian

2010-01-01

The tripartite nonlocality is investigated by the extent of violation of the Bell inequality in a three-qubit system coupled to an environmental Ising spin chain. In the weak-coupling region, we show that the tripartite Bell-inequality violations can be fully destroyed in a finite time under decoherence induced by the coupling with the spin environment. In addition, how the environment affects the Bell-nonlocality sudden death is demonstrated.

Constraining generalized non-local cosmology from Noether symmetries.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahamonde, Sebastian; Capozziello, Salvatore; Dialektopoulos, Konstantinos F

2017-01-01

We study a generalized non-local theory of gravity which, in specific limits, can become either the curvature non-local or teleparallel non-local theory. Using the Noether symmetry approach, we find that the coupling functions coming from the non-local terms are constrained to be either exponential or linear in form. It is well known that in some non-local theories, a certain kind of exponential non-local couplings is needed in order to achieve a renormalizable theory. In this paper, we explicitly show that this kind of coupling does not need to be introduced by hand, instead, it appears naturally from the symmetries of the Lagrangian in flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology. Finally, we find de Sitter and power-law cosmological solutions for different non-local theories. The symmetries for the generalized non-local theory are also found and some cosmological solutions are also achieved using the full theory.

Non-Local Effects in Kaonic Atoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lutz, M.; Florkowski, W.

2000-01-01

Optical potentials with non-local (gradient) terms are used to describe the spectra of kaonic atoms. The strength of the non-local terms is determined from a many-body calculation of the kaon self energy in nuclear matter. We find that the non-local terms are quantitatively important and the results depend strongly on the way the gradient terms are arranged. Phenomenologically successful description is obtained for p-wave like optical potentials. It is suggested that the microscopic form of the non-local interaction terms is obtained systematically by means of a semi-classical expansion of the nucleus structure. (author)

Virial Theorem in Nonlocal Newtonian Gravity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bahram Mashhoon

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Nonlocal gravity is the recent classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation in which the past history of the gravitational field is taken into account. In this theory, nonlocality appears to simulate dark matter. The virial theorem for the Newtonian regime of nonlocal gravity theory is derived and its consequences for “isolated” astronomical systems in virial equilibrium at the present epoch are investigated. In particular, for a sufficiently isolated nearby galaxy in virial equilibrium, the galaxy’s baryonic diameter D 0 —namely, the diameter of the smallest sphere that completely surrounds the baryonic system at the present time—is predicted to be larger than the effective dark matter fraction f D M times a universal length that is the basic nonlocality length scale λ 0 ≈ 3 ± 2 kpc.

Non-local effects in kaonic atoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lutz, M.; Florkowski, W.

2000-04-01

Optical potentials with non-local (gradient) terms are used to describe the spectra of kaonic atoms. The strength of the non-local terms is determined from a many-body calculation of the kaon self-energy in nuclear matter. The optical potentials show strong non-linearities in the nucleon density and sizeable non-local terms. We find that the non-local terms are quantitatively important and the results depend strongly on the way the gradient terms are arranged. Phenomenologically successful fits are obtained for p-wave like optical potentials. It is suggested that the microscopic form of the non-local interaction terms is obtained systematically by means of a semi-classical expansion of the nucleus structure. We conclude that a microscopic description of kaonic atom data requires further detailed studies of the microscopic K - nuclear dynamics. (orig.)

Constraining generalized non-local cosmology from Noether symmetries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bahamonde, Sebastian [University College London, Department of Mathematics, London (United Kingdom); Capozziello, Salvatore [Universita di Napoli ' ' Federico II' ' , Dipartimento di Fisica ' ' E. Pancini' ' , Naples (Italy); Gran Sasso Science Institute, L' Aquila (Italy); Complesso di Monte Sant' Angelo, Naples (Italy); INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples (Italy); Dialektopoulos, Konstantinos F. [Universita di Napoli ' ' Federico II' ' , Dipartimento di Fisica ' ' E. Pancini' ' , Naples (Italy); Complesso di Monte Sant' Angelo, Naples (Italy); INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples (Italy)

2017-11-15

We study a generalized non-local theory of gravity which, in specific limits, can become either the curvature non-local or teleparallel non-local theory. Using the Noether symmetry approach, we find that the coupling functions coming from the non-local terms are constrained to be either exponential or linear in form. It is well known that in some non-local theories, a certain kind of exponential non-local couplings is needed in order to achieve a renormalizable theory. In this paper, we explicitly show that this kind of coupling does not need to be introduced by hand, instead, it appears naturally from the symmetries of the Lagrangian in flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology. Finally, we find de Sitter and power-law cosmological solutions for different non-local theories. The symmetries for the generalized non-local theory are also found and some cosmological solutions are also achieved using the full theory. (orig.)

Ética e técnica? Dialogando com Marx, Spengler, Jünger, Heidegger e Jonas Ethics and technology? Dialoguing with Marx, Spengler, Jünger, Heidegger and Jonas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franz Josef Brüseke

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O século XIX entendeu a técnica como um elemento central do progresso histórico, mudando nas primeiras décadas do século XX essa perspectiva. mas a crítica à técnica formulada entre as duas guerras mundiais nos vieses da crítica à cultura e, de forma emblemática, presente na obra de Oswald Spengler, ainda não coloca a técnica em relação à ética. Neste tempo do interludium bellicum (1918-1939,articula-se uma compreensão da técnica emancipada de qualquer dimensão metafísica e artística, por um lado e, por outro lado, vê-se um recarregamento da técnica com uma promessa salvacionista, utópica ou heróica, não obstante, totalmente absorvida por uma concepção materialista do mundo, concebido enquanto campo de batalha (Ernst Jünger. Martin Heidegger elaborou, no final dos anos trinta e em meados dos anos quarenta, em um movimento de distanciamento intelectual da sua época, as bases de uma filosofia da técnica com grandes repercussões. Um dos seus alunos, Hans Jonas, tenta de forma original, mas não livre de equívocos, apresentar uma ética válida para a civilização tecnológica. Segundo Jonas, a situação do homem e o contexto de qualquer propósito ético estariam hoje fundamentalmente mudados; uma ética tradicional não estaria mais à sua altura. A técnica moderna introduziu novos objetos e processos, com conseqüências até então desconhecidas, na sociedade humana, de uma maneira que exigiria uma adaptação da ética (e conseqüentemente da ação humana aos desafios tecnológicos. A "ética do próximo" teria validez, ainda, nas "proximidades"; o futuro da humanidade no seu habitat planetário exigiria, todavia, uma "ética da responsabilidade".The nineteenth century took technology as a central element of historical progress, but the perspective occurred to change during the first decades of the twentieth century. The criticism of technology formulated between the two world wars period in the stream of

Stable rotating dipole solitons in nonlocal media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lopez-Aguayo, Servando; Skupin, Stefan; Desyatnikov, Anton S.

2006-01-01

We present the first example of stable rotating two-soliton bound states in nonlinear optical media with nonlocal response. We show that, in contrast to media with local response, nonlocality opens possibilities to generate stable azimuthons.......We present the first example of stable rotating two-soliton bound states in nonlinear optical media with nonlocal response. We show that, in contrast to media with local response, nonlocality opens possibilities to generate stable azimuthons....

Sea quark matrix elements and flavor singlet spectroscopy on the lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lagae, J.F.

1996-01-01

I summarize the results of three recent lattice studies which use stochastic estimator techniques in order to investigate the flavor singlet dynamics in QCD. These include a measurement of the pion-nucleon σ-term, the computation of the flavor singlet axial coupling constant of the nucleon and a determination of flavor singlet meson screening lengths in finite temperature QCD

Ethical foundation of the sustainable development in kant, habermas and hans jonas

OpenAIRE

Camargo, Sérgio Xavier de; Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL; Pinheiro, Ana Cláudia Duarte; Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL

2010-01-01

A possibilidade de desenvolvimento econômico associado à preservação ambiental é questão relevante para as sociedades contemporâneas. O desenvolvimento sustentável fundamenta-se em questões de conteúdo ético que transcendem aspectos legais, econômicos e políticos. É objetivo deste artigo investigar, em Immanuel Kant, Jürgen Habermas e Hans Jonas, as bases éticas justificadoras do desenvolvimento sustentável. Em Kant, o imperativo categórico, a valorização da universalidade das ações, e a comp...

Electrovacuum solutions in nonlocal gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Fernandes, Karan; Mitra, Arpita

2018-05-01

We consider the coupling of the electromagnetic field to a nonlocal gravity theory comprising of the Einstein-Hilbert action in addition to a nonlocal R □-2R term associated with a mass scale m . We demonstrate that in the case of the minimally coupled electromagnetic field, real corrections about the Reissner-Nordström background only exist between the inner Cauchy horizon and the event horizon of the black hole. This motivates us to consider the modified coupling of electromagnetism to this theory via the Kaluza ansatz. The Kaluza reduction introduces nonlocal terms involving the electromagnetic field to the pure gravitational nonlocal theory. An iterative approach is provided to perturbatively solve the equations of motion to arbitrary order in m2 about any known solution of general relativity. We derive the first-order corrections and demonstrate that the higher order corrections are real and perturbative about the external background of a Reissner-Nordström black hole. We also discuss how the Kaluza reduced action, through the inclusion of nonlocal electromagnetic fields, could also be relevant in quantum effects on curved backgrounds with horizons.

Effective string dynamics in large N QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iroshnikov, G.S. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]|[Moskow Inst. of Physics and Technology, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1995-05-01

The semiclassical 1/N expansion in the strong coupling regime for spinor quarks was developed and the form of effective action was obtained. An extremum of the effective action that arises in the calculation of the hadronic correlation functions in the large N limit corresponds to a topologically non-trivial configuration of the gauge field. This configuration forms a chromoelectric Nambu string with additional spinor terms that contain in particular the Polyakov spinor factor. In the case when real quarks forming hadrons are replaced by scalar particles the above correlators yield the standard dual resonance amplitudes. (author). 10 refs, 1 fig.

Exploring the three flavor effects with future superbeams using liquid argon detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar; Prakash, Suprabh; Sankar, S. Uma

2014-01-01

Recent measurement of a moderately large value of θ 13 signifies an important breakthrough in establishing the standard three flavor oscillation picture of neutrinos. It has provided an opportunity to explore the sub-dominant three flavor effects in present and future long-baseline experiments. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of the physics reach of two future superbeam facilities, LBNE and LBNO in their first phases of run, to resolve the issues of neutrino mass hierarchy, octant of θ 23 , and leptonic CP violation. We also find that the sensitivity of these future facilities can be improved significantly by adding the projected data from T2K and NOνA. Stand-alone LBNO setup with a 10 kt detector has a mass hierarchy discovery reach of more than 7σ, for the lowest allowed value of sin 2  θ 23 (true) = 0.34. This result is valid for any choice of true δ CP and hierarchy. LBNE10, in combination with T2K and NOνA, can achieve 3σ hierarchy discrimination for any choice of δ CP , sin 2  θ 23 , and hierarchy. The same combination can provide a 3σ octant resolution for sin 2  θ 23 (true) ≤ 0.44 or for sin 2  θ 23 (true) ≥ 0.58 for all values of δ CP (true). LBNO can give similar results with 10 kt detector mass. In their first phases, both LBNE10 and LBNO with 20 kt detector can establish leptonic CP violation for around 50% values of true δ CP at 2σ confidence level. In case of LBNE10, CP coverage at 3σ can be enhanced from 3% to 43% by combining T2K and NOνA data, assuming sin 2  θ 23 (true) = 0.5. For LBNO setup, CP violation discovery at 3σ is possible for 46% values of true δ CP if we add the data from T2K and NOνA

Polyakov loop and QCD thermodynamics from the gluon and ghost propagators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukushima, Kenji; Kashiwa, Kouji

2013-01-01

We investigate quark deconfinement by calculating the effective potential of the Polyakov loop using the non-perturbative propagators in the Landau gauge measured in the finite-temperature lattice simulation. With the leading term in the 2-particle-irreducible formalism the resultant effective potential exhibits a first-order phase transitions for the pure SU(3) Yang–Mills theory at the critical temperature consistent with the empirical value. We also estimate the thermodynamic quantities to confirm qualitative agreement with the lattice data near the critical temperature. We then apply our effective potential to the chiral model-study and calculate the order parameters and the thermodynamic quantities. Unlike the case in the pure Yang–Mills theory the thermodynamic quantities are sensitive to the temperature dependence of the non-perturbative propagators, while the behavior of the order parameters is less sensitive, which implies the importance of the precise determination of the temperature-dependent propagators

Glueball phenomenology within a nonlocal approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giacosa, F.

2005-01-01

In this thesis we describe the properties of glueball phenomenology within a nonlocal covariant constituent approach. The search for glueballs, their theoretical description and the mixing with quarkonia mesons is an active and unsolved issue of hadronic QCD. Different models and assignments have been proposed, but up to now no certain statement about their existence can be done. After introducing the theoretical framework in which we will work in, the attention will be focused on the problem of the scalar glueball, which lattice QCD predicts to be the lightest gluonic state with a mass between 1.4-1.8 GeV. In the same mass region one encounters many scalar resonances; mixing between the bare glueball and quarkonia states is therefore likely. In a covariant constituent approach one cannot define rigorously a mixing matrix connecting the bare to physical fields. However, we propose a definition which satisfies the correct requirements and which can be compared to other phenomenological studies. The two-photon decay of isoscalar-scalar states is believed to be crucial to pin down the flavor content of the resonances between 1 and 2 GeV. We discuss and calculate the two-photon decay rates of the mixed states glueball-quarkonia, getting results which are consistent with the current experimental upper limits

Isovector and flavor-diagonal charges of the nucleon

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Rajan; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Jang, Yong-Chull; Lin, Huey-Wen; Yoon, Boram

2018-03-01

We present an update on the status of the calculations of isovector and flavor-diagonal charges of the nucleon. The calculations of the isovector charges are being done using ten 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration covering the range of lattice spacings a ≈ 0.12, 0.09, 0.06 fm and pion masses Mπ ≈ 310, 220, 130 MeV. Excited-states contamination is controlled by using four-state fits to two-point correlators and three-states fits to the three-point correlators. The calculations of the disconnected diagrams needed to estimate flavor-diagonal charges are being done on a subset of six ensembles using the stocastic method. Final results are obtained using a simultaneous fit in M2π, the lattice spacing a and the finite volume parameter MπL keeping only the leading order corrections.

Nonlocal diffusion and applications

CERN Document Server

Bucur, Claudia

2016-01-01

Working in the fractional Laplace framework, this book provides models and theorems related to nonlocal diffusion phenomena. In addition to a simple probabilistic interpretation, some applications to water waves, crystal dislocations, nonlocal phase transitions, nonlocal minimal surfaces and Schrödinger equations are given. Furthermore, an example of an s-harmonic function, its harmonic extension and some insight into a fractional version of a classical conjecture due to De Giorgi are presented. Although the aim is primarily to gather some introductory material concerning applications of the fractional Laplacian, some of the proofs and results are new. The work is entirely self-contained, and readers who wish to pursue related subjects of interest are invited to consult the rich bibliography for guidance.

Nonlocal thermoelectric symmetry relations in ferromagnet-superconductor proximity structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machon, Peter; Belzig, Wolfgang [Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz (Germany); Eschrig, Matthias [Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz (Germany); Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, EGHAM, TW20 0EX (United Kingdom)

2012-07-01

The symmetries of thermal and electric transport coefficients in quantum coherent structures are related to fundamental thermodynamic principles by the Onsager reciprocity. We generalize Onsager's symmetry relation to nonlocal thermoelectric currents in a three terminal ferromagnet-superconductor heterostructure including spin-dependent crossed Andreev reflection and direct electron transfer processes. We proof this general symmetry by applying spin-dependent boundary conditions for quasi-classical Green's functions in both the clean and the dirty limit. We predict an anomalously large local thermopower and a nonlocal Seebeck effect, which can be explained by the spin-dependent spectral properties.

Modulational instability in nonlocal nonlinear Kerr media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krolikowski, Wieslaw; Bang, Ole; Juul Rasmussen, Jens

2001-01-01

We study modulational instability (MI) of plane waves in nonlocal nonlinear Kerr media. For a focusing nonlinearity we show that, although the nonlocality tends to suppress MI, it can never remove it completely, irrespective of the particular profile of the nonlocal response function. For a defoc...

Effects of inhomogeneity on the Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential in a magnetized plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salimullah, M.; Shah, H.A.; Murtaza, G.; Nitta, H.; Tessarotto, M.

2007-01-01

Detailed properties of the electrostatic Shukla-Nambu-Salimullah potential in an inhomogeneous magnetoplasma in the presence of ion streaming due to diamagnetic drift as in a laboratory discharge plasma have been examined analytically. The potential becomes a sensitive function of the external static magnetic field, the scalelength of inhomogeneity, and the diamagnetic ion streaming velocity. For a decreasing ion density gradient, there is a limit of existence of this static modified shielding potential

Effective field theories of baryons and mesons, or, what do quarks do?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keaton, G.L.

1995-01-01

This thesis is an attempt to understand the properties of the protons, pions and other hadrons in terms of their fundamental building blocks. In the first chapter the author reviews several of the approaches that have already been developed. The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model offers the classic example of a derivation of meson properties from a quark Lagrangian. The chiral quark model encodes much of the intuition acquired in recent decades. The author also discusses the non-linear sigma model, the Skyrme model, and the constituent quark model, which is one of the oldest and most successful models. In the constituent quark model, the constituent quark appears to be different from the current quark that appears in the fundamental QCD Lagrangian. Recently it was proposed that the constituent quark is a topological soliton. In chapter 2 the author investigates this soliton, calculating its mass, radius, magnetic moment, color magnetic moment, and spin structure function. Within the approximations used, the magnetic moments and spin structure function cannot simultaneously be made to agree with the constituent quark model. In chapter 3 the author uses a different plan of attack. Rather than trying to model the constituents of the baryon, he begins with an effective field theory of baryons and mesons, with couplings and masses that are simply determined phenomenologically. Meson loop corrections to baryon axial currents are then computed in the 1/N expansion. It is already known that the one-loop corrections are suppressed by a factor 1/N; here it is shown that the two-loop corrections are suppressed by 1/N 2 . To leading order, these corrections are exactly the same as would be calculated in the constituent quark model. This method therefore offers a different approach to the constituent quark

Composite antisymmetric tensor bosons in a four-fermion interaction model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dmitrasinovic, V.

2000-01-01

We discuss the phenomenological consequences of the U A (1) symmetry-breaking two-flavour four-fermion antisymmetric (AS) Lorentz tensor interaction Lagrangians. We use the recently developed methods that respect the 'duality' symmetry of this interaction. Starting from the Fierz transform of the two-flavour 't Hooft interaction (a four-fermion Lagrangian with AS tensor interaction terms augmented by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL)-type Lorentz scalar interaction responsible for dynamical symmetry breaking and quark mass generation), we find the following. (a) Four antisymmetric tensor and four AS pseudotensor bosons exist which satisfy a mass relation previously derived for scalar and pseudoscalar mesons from the 't Hooft interaction. (b) Antisymmetric tensor bosons mix with vector bosons via one-fermion-loop effective couplings so that both kinds of bosons have their masses shifted and the fermions (quarks) acquire anomalous magnetic moment form factors that explicitly violate chiral symmetry. (c) The mixing of massive AS tensor fields with vector fields leads to two sets of spin-1 states. The second set of spin-1 mesons is heavy and has not been observed. Moreover, at least one member of this second set is tachyonic, under standard assumptions about the source and strength of the AS tensor interaction. The tachyonic state also shows up as a pole in the space-like region of the electromagnetic form factors. (d) The mixing of axial-vector fields with antisymmetric tensor bosons is proportional to the (small) isospin-breaking up-down quark mass difference, so the mixing-induced mass shift is negligible. (e) The AS tensor version of the Veneziano-Witten U A (1) symmetry-breaking interaction does not lead to tachyons, or any AS tensor field propagation to leading order in N C . (author)

Static and dynamic characteristics of various mesons and the deuteron. Author-review of the Thesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Secansky, M.

2009-01-01

The Dissertation is concerned of static and dynamic characteristics of various mesons and the deuteron, which are defined in the Introduction. Special attention is payed to the electromagnetic polarizabilities of pions in the Chapter I and the Chapter II. While in the Chapter I is represented a review of present theoretical and experimental situation of the pion polarizabilities, in the Chapter II the problem of an ambiguous determination of the sum and the difference of the neutral pion polarizabilities is solved by the unambiguous determination of a meson parameters with the help of the pion scalar form factor and the calculation and the two photon decay of σ meson in the framework of the linearized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type Lagrangian. In the Chapter III the new deuteron - proton sum rule is derived, by means of which and data on the corresponding physical quantities in the sum rule the mean -square - charge radius of the deuteron is numerically evaluated to be in a satisfactory agreement with the dispersion relations prediction. In the Chapter IV by means of the special Lagrangian of the quark - meson interactions the decay width of φ → f 0 (980)γ and the total cross - section of the e + e - → γ * → φf 0 (980) process is predicted. In the last Chapter V we have tried to solve the conflict between the measured and theoretically predicted branching ratio of the process π 0 → e + e - decay by the inclusion of the double - logarithmic QED radiative corrections. Despite of the latter, the discrepancy between the theoretical prediction and the experimental result for the π 0 → e + e - decay was not removed and further independent experimental and theoretical efforts have to be continued. (Author)

Integrating out the Dirac sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karbstein, Felix

2009-01-01

We introduce a new method for dealing with fermionic quantum field theories amenable to a mean-field-type approximation. In this work we focus on the relativistic Hartree approximation. Our aim is to integrate out the Dirac sea and derive a no-sea effective theory'' with positive energy single particle states only. As the derivation of the no-sea effective theory involves only standard Feynman diagrams, our approach is quite general and not restricted to particular space-time dimensions. We develop and illustrate the approach in the ''large N'' limit of the Gross-Neveu model family in 1+1 dimensions. As the Gross-Neveu model has been intensely studied and several analytical solutions are known for this model, it is an ideal testing ground for our no-sea effective theory approach. The chiral Gross-Neveu model, also referred to as 1+1 dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, turns out to be of particular interest. In this case, we explicitly derive a consistent effective theory featuring both elementary ''π meson'' fields and (positive energy) ''quark'' fields, starting from a purely fermionic quantum field theory. In the second part of this work, we apply our approach to the Walecka model in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions. As the Dirac sea caused considerable difficulties in attempts to base nuclear physics on field theoretic models like the Walecka model, mean-field calculations were typically done without the sea. We confront several of these mean-field theory results with our no-sea effective theory approach. The potential of our approach is twofold. While the no-sea effective theory can be utilized to provide new analytical insights in particular parameter regimes, it also sheds new light on more fundamental issues as the explicit emergence of effective, Dirac-sea induced multi-fermion interactions in an effective theory with positive energy states only. (orig.)

Introduction to finite temperature and finite density QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitazawa, Masakiyo

2014-01-01

It has been pointed out that QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) in the circumstances of medium at finite temperature and density shows numbers of phenomena similar to the characteristics of solid state physics, e.g. phase transitions. In the past ten years, the very high temperature and density matter came to be observed experimentally at the heavy ion collisions. At the same time, the numerical QCD analysis at finite temperature and density attained quantitative level analysis possible owing to the remarkable progress of computers. In this summer school lecture, it has been set out to give not only the recent results, but also the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry, the fundamental theory of finite temperature and further expositions as in the following four sections. The first section is titled as 'Introduction to Finite Temperature and Density QCD' with subsections of 1.1 standard model and QCD, 1.2 phase transition and phase structure of QCD, 1.3 lattice QCD and thermodynamic quantity, 1.4 heavy ion collision experiments, and 1.5 neutron stars. The second one is 'Equilibrium State' with subsections of 2.1 chiral symmetry, 2.2 vacuum state: BCS theory, 2.3 NJL (Nambu-Jona-Lasinio) model, and 2.4 color superconductivity. The third one is 'Static fluctuations' with subsections of 3.1 fluctuations, 3.2 moment and cumulant, 3.3 increase of fluctuations at critical points, 3.4 analysis of fluctuations by lattice QCD and Taylor expansion, and 3.5 experimental exploration of QCD phase structure. The fourth one is 'Dynamical Structure' with 4.1 linear response theory, 4.2 spectral functions, 4.3 Matsubara function, and 4.4 analyses of dynamical structure by lattice QCD. (S. Funahashi)

Self-induced neutrino flavor conversion without flavor mixing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chakraborty, S.; Izaguirre, I.; Raffelt, G.G.; Hansen, R. S.

2016-01-01

Neutrino-neutrino refraction in dense media can cause self-induced flavor conversion triggered by collective run-away modes of the interacting flavor oscillators. The growth rates were usually found to be of order a typical vacuum oscillation frequency Δ m 2 /2E. However, even in the simple case of a ν e beam interacting with an opposite-moving ν-bar e beam, and allowing for spatial inhomogeneities, the growth rate of the fastest-growing Fourier mode is of order μ=√2 G F  n ν , a typical ν–ν interaction energy. This growth rate is much larger than the vacuum oscillation frequency and gives rise to flavor conversion on a much shorter time scale. This phenomenon of 'fast flavor conversion' occurs even for vanishing Δ m 2 /2E and thus does not depend on energy, but only on the angle distributions. Moreover, it does not require neutrinos to mix or to have masses, except perhaps for providing seed disturbances. We also construct a simple homogeneous example consisting of intersecting beams and study a schematic supernova model proposed by Ray Sawyer, where ν e and ν-bar e emerge with different zenith-angle distributions, the key ingredient for fast flavor conversion. What happens in realistic astrophysical scenarios remains to be understood

Nonlocal superconducting correlations in graphene in the quantum Hall regime

Science.gov (United States)

Beconcini, Michael; Polini, Marco; Taddei, Fabio

2018-05-01

We study Andreev processes and nonlocal transport in a three-terminal graphene-superconductor hybrid system under a quantizing perpendicular magnetic field [G.-H. Lee et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 693 (2017), 10.1038/nphys4084]. We find that the amplitude of the crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) processes crucially depends on the orientation of the lattice. By employing Landauer-Büttiker scattering theory, we find that CAR is generally very small for a zigzag edge, while for an armchair edge it can be larger than the normal transmission, thereby resulting in a negative nonlocal resistance. In the case of an armchair edge and with a wide superconducting region (as compared to the superconducting coherence length), CAR exhibits large oscillations as a function of the magnetic field due to interference effects. This results in sign changes of the nonlocal resistance.

Impact of fat reduction on flavor and flavor chemistry of Cheddar cheeses.

Science.gov (United States)

Drake, M A; Miracle, R E; McMahon, D J

2010-11-01

A current industry goal is to produce a 75 to 80% fat-reduced Cheddar cheese that is tasty and appealing to consumers. Despite previous studies on reduced-fat cheese, information is critically lacking in understanding the flavor and flavor chemistry of reduced-fat and nonfat Cheddar cheeses and how it differs from its full-fat counterpart. The objective of this study was to document and compare flavor development in cheeses with different fat contents so as to quantitatively characterize how flavor and flavor development in Cheddar cheese are altered with fat reduction. Cheddar cheeses with 50% reduced-fat cheese (RFC) and low-fat cheese containing 6% fat (LFC) along with 2 full-fat cheeses (FFC) were manufactured in duplicate. Cheeses were ripened at 8°C and samples were taken following 2 wk and 3, 6, and 9 mo for sensory and instrumental volatile analyses. A trained sensory panel (n=10 panelists) documented flavor attributes of cheeses. Volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction or solvent-assisted flavor evaporation followed by separation and identification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry. Selected compounds were quantified using external standard curves. Sensory properties of cheeses were distinct initially but more differences were documented as cheeses aged. By 9 mo, LFC and RFC displayed distinct burnt/rosy flavors that were not present in FFC. Sulfur flavor was also lower in LFC compared with other cheeses. Forty aroma-active compounds were characterized in the cheeses by headspace or solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-olfactometry. Compounds were largely not distinct between the cheeses at each time point, but concentration differences were evident. Higher concentrations of furanones (furaneol, homofuraneol, sotolon), phenylethanal, 1-octen-3-one, and free fatty acids, and lower concentrations of lactones were present in LFC compared with FFC after 9 mo of ripening. These

Experimental nonlocality-based randomness generation with nonprojective measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez, S.; Mattar, A.; Gómez, E. S.; Cavalcanti, D.; Farías, O. Jiménez; Acín, A.; Lima, G.

2018-04-01

We report on an optical setup generating more than one bit of randomness from one entangled bit (i.e., a maximally entangled state of two qubits). The amount of randomness is certified through the observation of Bell nonlocal correlations. To attain this result we implemented a high-purity entanglement source and a nonprojective three-outcome measurement. Our implementation achieves a gain of 27% of randomness as compared with the standard methods using projective measurements. Additionally, we estimate the amount of randomness certified in a one-sided device-independent scenario, through the observation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Our results prove that nonprojective quantum measurements allow extending the limits for nonlocality-based certified randomness generation using current technology.

Experimental demonstration of tripartite entanglement versus tripartite nonlocality in three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-class states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu Huaixin; Zhao Jiaqiang; Wang Xiaoqin; Cao Lianzhen [Department of Physics and Electronic Science, , Weifang, Shandong 261061 (China)

2011-07-15

As stated by S. Ghose et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 250404 (2009)], there are certain relationships between tripartite entanglement and tripartite nonlocality for three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) class states. In the present work, we have experimentally demonstrated the theoretical results of Ghose et al. by using both three-photon generalized GHZ (GGHZ) states and maximal slice (MS) states with a count of {approx}10/s. From the data, we have verified the agreement of the experimental violation of the Svetlichny inequality with the one predicted by quantum mechanics given the reconstructed density matrix. For the MS states, it is demonstrated that the amount of violation increases linearly following the increase of the degree of tripartite entanglement. In contrast, for GGHZ states, there is a minimal value of the violation when the degree of tripartite entanglement is 1/3. Both of the results are consist with the theoretical prediction.

Experimental demonstration of tripartite entanglement versus tripartite nonlocality in three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-class states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Huaixin; Zhao Jiaqiang; Wang Xiaoqin; Cao Lianzhen

2011-01-01

As stated by S. Ghose et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 250404 (2009)], there are certain relationships between tripartite entanglement and tripartite nonlocality for three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) class states. In the present work, we have experimentally demonstrated the theoretical results of Ghose et al. by using both three-photon generalized GHZ (GGHZ) states and maximal slice (MS) states with a count of ∼10/s. From the data, we have verified the agreement of the experimental violation of the Svetlichny inequality with the one predicted by quantum mechanics given the reconstructed density matrix. For the MS states, it is demonstrated that the amount of violation increases linearly following the increase of the degree of tripartite entanglement. In contrast, for GGHZ states, there is a minimal value of the violation when the degree of tripartite entanglement is 1/3. Both of the results are consist with the theoretical prediction.

Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current with three dynamical flavors and the Iwasaki gauge action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaneko, T.; Hashimoto, S.; Aoki, S.; Hoffmann, R.

2007-03-01

We perform a non-perturbative determination of the improvement coefficient c A to remove O(a) discretization errors in the axial vector current in three-flavor lattice QCD with the Iwasaki gauge action and the standard O(a)-improved Wilson quark action. An improvement condition with a good sensitivity to c A is imposed at constant physics. Combining our results with the perturbative expansion, c A is now known rather precisely for a -1 >or similar 1.6 GeV. (orig.)

Robustness of multiparty nonlocality to local decoherence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, Sung Soon; Cheong, Yong Wook; Kim, Jaewan; Lee, Hai-Woong

2006-01-01

We investigate the robustness of multiparty nonlocality under local decoherence, acting independently and equally on each subsystem. To be specific, we consider an N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state under a depolarization, dephasing, or dissipation channel, and examine nonlocality by testing violation of the Mermin-Klyshko inequality, which is one of Bell's inequalities for multiqubit systems. The results show that the robustness of nonlocality increases with the number of qubits, and that the nonlocality of an N-qubit GHZ state with even N is extremely persistent against dephasing

Lie-Nambu and Lie-Poisson structures in linear and nonlinear quantum mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czachor, M.

1996-01-01

Space of density matrices in quantum mechanics can be regarded as a Poisson manifold with the dynamics given by certain Lie-Poisson bracket corresponding to an infinite dimensional Lie algebra. The metric structure associated with this Lie algebra is given by a metric tensor which is not equivalent to the Cartan-Killing metric. The Lie-Poisson bracket can be written in a form involving a generalized (Lie-)Nambu bracket. This bracket can be used to generate a generalized, nonlinear and completely integrable dynamics of density matrices. (author)

Hyperbolic metamaterial lens with hydrodynamic nonlocal response

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yan, Wei; Mortensen, N. Asger; Wubs, Martijn

2013-01-01

We investigate the effects of hydrodynamic nonlocal response in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), focusing on the experimentally realizable parameter regime where unit cells are much smaller than an optical wavelength but much larger than the wavelengths of the longitudinal pressure waves...... of the free-electron plasma in the metal constituents. We derive the nonlocal corrections to the effective material parameters analytically, and illustrate the noticeable nonlocal effects on the dispersion curves numerically. As an application, we find that the focusing characteristics of a HMM lens...... in the local-response approximation and in the hydrodynamic Drude model can differ considerably. In particular, the optimal frequency for imaging in the nonlocal theory is blueshifted with respect to that in the local theory. Thus, to detect whether nonlocal response is at work in a hyperbolic metamaterial, we...

Heavy flavor spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosen, J.; Marques, J.; Spiegel, L.

1993-09-01

As a useful by-product of the unfolding searches for mixing and CP-violation effects in the beauty sector there will accrue very large data samples for the study of heavy flavor spectroscopy. Interest in this field may be provisionally divided into two general classes: Hidden flavor states, i.e. c bar c and b bar b onium states; open flavor states: The D, D s , B, B s , and B c meson systems; and charm and beauty flavored baryons. In this brief note we emphasize that there are many missing states in both categories -- states which are not readily produced exclusively due to quantum number preferences or states which are not readily observed inclusively due to experimentally difficult decay channels. As recorded luminosities increase it may be possible to fill in some of the holes in the present listings of heavy flavor states. Of particular interest to us would be the identification of heavy flavor mesons which are not easily explained in terms of a q bar q paradigm but rather may be evidence for hadro-molecular states. At Snowmass 1993 the topic of self-tagging schemes in B meson production was very much in vogue. Whether or not excited B-meson flavor-tagging will prove to be competitive with traditional methods based on the partner bar B decay remains to be seen. We suggest however that the richness of the excited B-system may undermine the efficacy of self-tagging schemes

Heavy flavor spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosen, J.; Marques, J.; Spiegel, L.

1993-01-01

As a useful by-product of the unfolding searches for mixing and CP-violation effects in the beauty sector there will accrue very large data samples for the study of heavy flavor spectroscopy. (I) Hidden flavor states, i.e. c bar c and b bar b onium states. (II) Open flavor states (a) the D, D s , B, B s , and B c meson systems; (b) Charm and beauty flavored baryons. In this brief note the authors emphasize that there are many missing (undiscovered) states in both categories - states which are not readily produced exclusively due to quantum number preferences or states which are not readily observed inclusively due to experimentally difficult decay channels. As recorded luminosities increase it may be possible to fill in some of the holes in the present listings of heavy flavor states. Of particular interest to the authors would be the identification of heavy flavor mesons which are not easily explained in terms of a q bar q paradigm but rather may be evidence for hadro-molecular status. At Snowmass 1993 the topic of self-tagging schemes in B meson production was very much in vogue. Whether or not excited B-meson flavor-tagging will prove to be competitive with traditional methods based on the partner B decay remains to be seen. The authors suggest however that the richness of the excited B-system may undetermine the efficacy of self-tagging schemes

A renovação da teleologia em Hans Jonas: da biologia filosófica aos fundamentos da ética

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wendell Evangelista Soares Lopes

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The present paper aims to elucidate the renewal of teleology in the thought of Hans Jonas showing how it takes up two central functions, namely: to think a philosophical biology – or ontology – that more accurately meets the construction of a coming-to-be and psychophysical universe; and to think the ought-to-be of humanity as the telos and absolute value in the evolutionary process of Being. To accomplish our goal, we explain first that what Jonas calls the “riddle of subjectivity” is the basic problem of ontology, and that modern philosophy fails to respond to it, thus requiring a rehabilitation – and renewal – of a teleological conception of being. Then we will show that this renewal of teleology, that can be called “neo-finalism”, defines finalism as intrinsic not only to individual beings, but also to the devenir of the world itself, where man would be the very ultimate realization of a latent possibility within this evolutionary process of the universal substance. Hence would result a principle of ethics which is ultimately grounded neither in the autonomy of the self nor in the needs of community, but in the teleological character of the evolutionary process of nature itself – man as the “final quality”, and thus the absolute value, of such a process. That is to say, for Jonas teleology aims to finally answer what is the good about humanity, who would sign as well as the very foundation of ethics.

Nonlocal hidden variables and nonlocal gauge theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boiteux, M.

1984-01-01

A possible unification of classical fundamental interactions together with quantum interactions is proposed, based on an extension of the concept of local gauge invariance to a nonlocal gauge invariance. As an example this new concept is developed for the particular case of the electromagnetic field. (Auth.)

FlavorDB: a database of flavor molecules

OpenAIRE

Garg, Neelansh; Sethupathy, Apuroop; Tuwani, Rudraksh; NK, Rakhi; Dokania, Shubham; Iyer, Arvind; Gupta, Ayushi; Agrawal, Shubhra; Singh, Navjot; Shukla, Shubham; Kathuria, Kriti; Badhwar, Rahul; Kanji, Rakesh; Jain, Anupam; Kaur, Avneet

2017-01-01

Abstract Flavor is an expression of olfactory and gustatory sensations experienced through a multitude of chemical processes triggered by molecules. Beyond their key role in defining taste and smell, flavor molecules also regulate metabolic processes with consequences to health. Such molecules present in natural sources have been an integral part of human history with limited success in attempts to create synthetic alternatives. Given their utility in various spheres of life such as food and ...

Nonlinear Dynamics of Silicon Nanowire Resonator Considering Nonlocal Effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Leisheng; Li, Lijie

2017-12-01

In this work, nonlinear dynamics of silicon nanowire resonator considering nonlocal effect has been investigated. For the first time, dynamical parameters (e.g., resonant frequency, Duffing coefficient, and the damping ratio) that directly influence the nonlinear dynamics of the nanostructure have been derived. Subsequently, by calculating their response with the varied nonlocal coefficient, it is unveiled that the nonlocal effect makes more obvious impacts at the starting range (from zero to a small value), while the impact of nonlocal effect becomes weaker when the nonlocal term reaches to a certain threshold value. Furthermore, to characterize the role played by nonlocal effect in exerting influence on nonlinear behaviors such as bifurcation and chaos (typical phenomena in nonlinear dynamics of nanoscale devices), we have calculated the Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagram with and without nonlocal effect, and results shows the nonlocal effect causes the most significant effect as the device is at resonance. This work advances the development of nanowire resonators that are working beyond linear regime.

The effect of chewing gum's flavor on salivary flow rate and pH.

Science.gov (United States)

Karami-Nogourani, Maryam; Kowsari-Isfahan, Raha; Hosseini-Beheshti, Mozhgan

2011-12-01

Chewing sugar-free gums is a convenient way to increase salivary flow. Salivary flow increases in response to both gustatory (taste) and mechanical (chewing) stimuli, and chewing gum can provide both of these stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of five different flavors of sugar-free chewing gum on the salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH. Fifteen dental students volunteered at the same time on six consecutive days, to collect one minute unstimulated saliva. After five minutes, while some volunteers continued to collect only unstimulated saliva, the others asked to start chewing one of the five flavored gums randomly. The flavors were spearmint, cinnamon, watermelon, strawberry, and apple. The whole saliva was collected over time periods of 0 - 1, 1 - 3, and 3 - 6 minutes, and the SFR and pH were also measured. The data were subjected to pair t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Duncan tests. Compared to the unstimulated rate, all five different flavored gums significantly increased the SFR within six minutes. Although the flow rate peaked during the first minute of stimulation with all five products, it reduced gradually, but still remained above the unstimulated saliva, after six minutes. In the first minute, the strawberry-flavored gums showed the highest weight, yet, it only induced a significantly higher SFR compared to the cinnamon-flavored gums. During one to three minutes, strawberry and apple-flavored gums showed significantly higher SFR, respectively, compared to cinnamon-flavored gums. There were no significant differences in the flow rates elicited by each flavored gum through the three-to-six minute interval, although the spearmint-flavored gums induced slightly higher SFR. Only the spearmint and cinnamon-flavored gum significantly increased the salivary pH. Gum flavor can affect the SFR and special flavors may be advised for different individuals according to their oral conditions.

Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current with three dynamical flavors and the Iwasaki gauge action

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaneko, T.; Hashimoto, S. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)]|[Graduate Univ. for Advanced Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Aoki, S. [Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki (Japan). Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences]|[Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States). Riken BNL Research Center; Della Morte, M. [CERN, Physics Dept., Geneva (Switzerland); Hoffmann, R. [Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Physics; Sommer, R. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany)

2007-03-15

We perform a non-perturbative determination of the improvement coefficient c{sub A} to remove O(a) discretization errors in the axial vector current in three-flavor lattice QCD with the Iwasaki gauge action and the standard O(a)-improved Wilson quark action. An improvement condition with a good sensitivity to c{sub A} is imposed at constant physics. Combining our results with the perturbative expansion, c{sub A} is now known rather precisely for a{sup -1}>or similar 1.6 GeV. (orig.)

Nonlocal astrophysics dark matter, dark energy and physical vacuum

CERN Document Server

Alexeev, Boris V

2017-01-01

Non-Local Astrophysics: Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Physical Vacuum highlights the most significant features of non-local theory, a highly effective tool for solving many physical problems in areas where classical local theory runs into difficulties. The book provides the fundamental science behind new non-local astrophysics, discussing non-local kinetic and generalized hydrodynamic equations, non-local parameters in several physical systems, dark matter, dark energy, black holes and gravitational waves. Devoted to the solution of astrophysical problems from the position of non-local physics Provides a solution for dark matter and dark energy Discusses cosmological aspects of the theory of non-local physics Includes a solution for the problem of the Hubble Universe expansion, and of the dependence of the orbital velocity from the center of gravity

Charmed meson decay constants in three-flavor lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aubin, C.; Bernard, C.; DeTar, C.; Di Pierro, M.; Freeland, Elizabeth D.; Gottlieb, Steven; Heller, U.M.; Hetrick, J.E.; El-Khadra, Aida X.; Kronfeld, Andreas S.; Levkova, L.; Mackenzie, P.B.; Menscher, D.; Maresca, F.; Nobes, M.; Okamoto, M.; Renner, D.B.; Simone, J.; Sugar, R.; Toussaint, D.; Trottier, H.D.; /Art Inst. of Chicago /Columbia

2005-06-01

The authors present the first lattice QCD calculation with realistic sea quark content of the D{sup +}-meson decay constant f{sub D+}. They use the MILC Collaboration's publicly available ensembles of lattice gauge fields, which have a quark sea with two flavors (up and down) much lighter than a third (strange). They obtain f{sub D+} = 201 {+-} 3 {+-} 17 MeV, where the errors are statistical and a combination of systematic errors. They also obtain f{sub D{sub s}} = 249 {+-} 3 {+-} 16 MeV for the D{sub s} meson.

Plasmonic nanostructures: local versus nonlocal response

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toscano, Giuseppe; Wubs, Martijn; Xiao, Sanshui

2010-01-01

, and hence it is sensitive to possible narrow resonances that may arise due to strong electronic quantum confinement in the metal. This feature allows us to accurately determine which geometries are strongly affected by nonlocal response, for example regarding applications based on electric field enhancement......We study the importance of taking the nonlocal optical response of metals into account for accurate determination of optical properties of nanoplasmonic structures. Here we focus on the computational physics aspects of this problem, and in particular we report on the nonlocal-response package...... that we wrote for state-of the art numerical software, enabling us to take into account the nonlocal material response of metals for any arbitrarily shaped nanoplasmonic structures, without much numerical overhead as compared to the standard local response. Our method is a frequency-domain method...

Nonlocal higher order evolution equations

KAUST Repository

Rossi, Julio D.; Schö nlieb, Carola-Bibiane

2010-01-01

In this article, we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the nonlocal operator ut(x, t)1/4(-1)n-1 (J*Id -1)n (u(x, t)), x ∈ ℝN, which is the nonlocal analogous to the higher order local evolution equation vt(-1)n-1(Δ)nv. We prove

Casimir Energy of the Nambu-Goto String with Gauss-Bonnet Term and Point-Like Masses at the Ends

Science.gov (United States)

Hadasz, Leszek

1999-09-01

We calculate the Casimir energy of the rotating Nambu-Goto string with the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and point-like masses at the ends. This energy turns out to be negative for every values of the parameters of the model.

Casimir Energy of the Nambu-Goto String with Gauss-Bonnet Term and Point-Like Masses at the Ends

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hadasz, L.

1999-01-01

We calculate the Casimir energy of the rotating Nambu-Goto string with the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and point-like masses at the ends. This energy turns out to be negative for every values of the parameters of the model. (author)

Experimental Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-Type Six-Photon Quantum Nonlocality.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Chao; Huang, Yun-Feng; Wang, Zhao; Liu, Bi-Heng; Li, Chuan-Feng; Guo, Guang-Can

2015-12-31

Quantum nonlocality gives us deeper insight into quantum physics. In addition, quantum nonlocality has been further recognized as an essential resource for device-independent quantum information processing in recent years. Most experiments of nonlocality are performed using a photonic system. However, until now, photonic experiments of nonlocality have involved at most four photons. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the six-photon quantum nonlocality in an all-versus-nothing manner based on a high-fidelity (88.4%) six-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. Our experiment pushes multiphoton nonlocality studies forward to the six-photon region and might provide a larger photonic system for device-independent quantum information protocols.

Safety evaluation of food flavorings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schrankel, Kenneth R.

2004-01-01

Food flavorings are an essential element in foods. Flavorings are a unique class of food ingredients and excluded from the legislative definition of a food additive because they are regulated by flavor legislation and not food additive legislation. Flavoring ingredients naturally present in foods, have simple chemical structures, low toxicity, and are used in very low levels in foods and beverages resulting in very low levels of human exposure or consumption. Today, the overwhelming regulatory trend is a positive list of flavoring substances, e.g. substances not listed are prohibited. Flavoring substances are added to the list following a safety evaluation based on the conditions of intended use by qualified experts. The basic principles for assessing the safety of flavoring ingredients will be discussed with emphasis on the safety evaluation of flavoring ingredients by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the US Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Expert Panel (FEXPAN). The main components of the JECFA evaluation process include chemical structure, human intake (exposure), metabolism to innocuous or harmless substances, and toxicity concerns consistent with JECFA principles. The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) evaluation is very similar to the JECFA procedure. Both the JECFA and FEMA evaluation procedures are widely recognized and the results are accepted by many countries. This implies that there is no need for developing countries to conduct their own toxicological assessment of flavoring ingredients unless it is an unique ingredient in one country, but it is helpful to survey intake or exposure assessment. The global safety program established by the International Organization of Flavor Industry (IOFI) resulting in one worldwide open positive list of flavoring substances will be reviewed

Neutrinos from WIMP annihilations obtained using a full three-flavor Monte Carlo approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blennow, Mattias; Ohlsson, Tommy; Edsjö, Joakim

2008-01-01

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are one of the main candidates for making up the dark matter in the Universe. If these particles make up the dark matter, then they can be captured by the Sun or the Earth, sink to the respective cores, annihilate, and produce neutrinos. Thus, these neutrinos can be a striking dark matter signature at neutrino telescopes looking towards the Sun and/or the Earth. Here, we improve previous analyses on computing the neutrino yields from WIMP annihilations in several respects. We include neutrino oscillations in a full three-flavor framework as well as all effects from neutrino interactions on the way through the Sun (absorption, energy loss, and regeneration from tau decays). In addition, we study the effects of non-zero values of the mixing angle θ 13 as well as the normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. Our study is performed in an event-based setting which makes these results very useful both for theoretical analyses and for building a neutrino telescope Monte Carlo code. All our results for the neutrino yields, as well as our Monte Carlo code, are publicly available. We find that the yield of muon-type neutrinos from WIMP annihilations in the Sun is enhanced or suppressed, depending on the dominant WIMP annihilation channel. This effect is due to an effective flavor mixing caused by neutrino oscillations. For WIMP annihilations inside the Earth, the distance from source to detector is too small to allow for any significant amount of oscillations at the neutrino energies relevant for neutrino telescopes

Quest for the dynamical origin of mass. An LHC perspective from Sakata, Nambu and Maskawa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamawaki, Koichi

2009-01-01

I review the dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) approach to the Origin of Mass, which is traced back to the original (2008 Nobel Prize) work of Nambu based on the BCS analogue of superconductor where mass of nucleon (then elementary particle) arises due to Cooper paring and pions are provided as massless Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons, being composite as in Fermi-Yang/Sakata model. In this talk I will focus on the modern version of DSB or composite Higgs models: Walking/Conformal Technicolor, Hidden Local Symmetry (HLS) or Moose, and Top Quark Condensate, with the their extra dimension versions closely related with HLS. Particular emphasis will be placed on the large anomalous dimension and conformal symmetry at the conformal fixed points, developed along the line of the pioneering work of Maskawa and Nakajima. Due to (approximate) conformal symmetry these models do have composite Higgs particle ('Techni-dilaton', 'Top-sigma', etc.). Weakly coupled composite gauge boson is realized at 'Vector Manifestation' formulated at conformal fixed point, which may be applied to the composite W/Z boson models. They will be tested in the upcoming LHC experiments. (author)

A flavor-safe composite explanation of $R_K$

CERN Document Server

Carmona, Adrian

2017-05-04

In these proceedings we discuss a flavor-safe explanation of the anomaly found in $R_K= {\\cal B}(B \\to K \\mu^+ \\mu^-)/{\\cal B}(B \\to K e^+ e^-)$ by LHCb, within the framework of composite Higgs models. We present a model featuring a non-negligible degree of compositeness for all three generations of right-handed leptons, which leads to a violation of lepton-flavor universality in neutral current interactions while other constraints from quark- and lepton-flavor physics are met. Moreoever, the particular embedding of the lepton sector considered in this setup provides a parametrically enhanded contribution to the Higgs mass that can weak considerably the need for ultra-light top partners.

Heavy flavor baryons in hypercentral model

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

periments have generated much interest in the spectroscopy of heavy flavor baryons ... the point of view of simple systems to study three-body problems. ..... One of the authors (PCV) acknowledges the financial support from the University.

Gap solitons under competing local and nonlocal nonlinearities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuo, Kuan-Hsien; Lin Yuanyao; Lee, Ray-Kuang; Malomed, Boris A.

2011-01-01

We analyze the existence, bifurcations, and shape transformations of one-dimensional gap solitons (GSs) in the first finite band gap induced by a periodic potential built into materials with local self-focusing and nonlocal self-defocusing nonlinearities. Originally stable on-site GS modes become unstable near the upper edge of the band gap with the introduction of the nonlocal self-defocusing nonlinearity with a small nonlocality radius. Unstable off-site GSs bifurcate into a new branch featuring single-humped, double-humped, and flat-top modes due to the competition between local and nonlocal nonlinearities. The mechanism underlying the complex bifurcation pattern and cutoff effects (termination of some bifurcation branches) is illustrated in terms of the shape transformation under the action of the varying degree of the nonlocality. The results of this work suggest a possibility of optical-signal processing by means of the competing nonlocal and local nonlinearities.

Hyperbolic metamaterial lens with hydrodynamic nonlocal response.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Wei; Mortensen, N Asger; Wubs, Martijn

2013-06-17

We investigate the effects of hydrodynamic nonlocal response in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), focusing on the experimentally realizable parameter regime where unit cells are much smaller than an optical wavelength but much larger than the wavelengths of the longitudinal pressure waves of the free-electron plasma in the metal constituents. We derive the nonlocal corrections to the effective material parameters analytically, and illustrate the noticeable nonlocal effects on the dispersion curves numerically. As an application, we find that the focusing characteristics of a HMM lens in the local-response approximation and in the hydrodynamic Drude model can differ considerably. In particular, the optimal frequency for imaging in the nonlocal theory is blueshifted with respect to that in the local theory. Thus, to detect whether nonlocal response is at work in a hyperbolic metamaterial, we propose to measure the near-field distribution of a hyperbolic metamaterial lens.

Nonlocal higher order evolution equations

KAUST Repository

Rossi, Julio D.

2010-06-01

In this article, we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the nonlocal operator ut(x, t)1/4(-1)n-1 (J*Id -1)n (u(x, t)), x ∈ ℝN, which is the nonlocal analogous to the higher order local evolution equation vt(-1)n-1(Δ)nv. We prove that the solutions of the nonlocal problem converge to the solution of the higher order problem with the right-hand side given by powers of the Laplacian when the kernel J is rescaled in an appropriate way. Moreover, we prove that solutions to both equations have the same asymptotic decay rate as t goes to infinity. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Irradiation and flavor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reineccius, G.A.

1992-01-01

Flavor will not be a significant factor in determining the success of irradiated foods entering the U.S. market. The initial applications will use low levels of irradiation that may well result in products with flavor superior to that of products from alternative processing techniques (thermal treatment or chemical fumigation). The success of shelf-stable foods produced via irradiation may be much more dependent upon our ability to deal with the flavor aspects of high levels of irradiation

The sheaf-theoretic structure of non-locality and contextuality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abramsky, Samson; Brandenburger, Adam

2011-01-01

We use the mathematical language of sheaf theory to give a unified treatment of non-locality and contextuality, in a setting that generalizes the familiar probability tables used in non-locality theory to arbitrary measurement covers; this includes Kochen-Specker configurations and more. We show that contextuality, and non-locality as a special case, correspond exactly to obstructions to the existence of global sections. We describe a linear algebraic approach to computing these obstructions, which allows a systematic treatment of arguments for non-locality and contextuality. We distinguish a proper hierarchy of strengths of no-go theorems, and show that three leading examples—due to Bell, Hardy and Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger, respectively—occupy successively higher levels of this hierarchy. A general correspondence is shown between the existence of local hidden-variable realizations using negative probabilities, and no-signalling; this is based on a result showing that the linear subspaces generated by the non-contextual and no-signalling models, over an arbitrary measurement cover, coincide. Maximal non-locality is generalized to maximal contextuality, and characterized in purely qualitative terms, as the non-existence of global sections in the support. A general setting is developed for the Kochen-Specker-type results, as generic, model-independent proofs of maximal contextuality, and a new combinatorial condition is given, which generalizes the ‘parity proofs’ commonly found in the literature. We also show how our abstract setting can be represented in quantum mechanics. This leads to a strengthening of the usual no-signalling theorem, which shows that quantum mechanics obeys no-signalling for arbitrary families of commuting observables, not just those represented on different factors of a tensor product. (paper)

Two and Three-Dimensional Nonlocal DFT for Inhomogeneous Fluids I: Algorithms and Parallelization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frink, Laura J. Douglas; Salinger, Andrew

1999-08-09

Fluids adsorbed near surfaces, macromolecules, and in porous materials are inhomogeneous, inhibiting spatially varying density distributions. This inhomogeneity in the fluid plays an important role in controlling a wide variety of complex physical phenomena including wetting, self-assembly, corrosion, and molecular recognition. One of the key methods for studying the properties of inhomogeneous fluids in simple geometries has been density functional theory (DFT). However, there has been a conspicuous lack of calculations in complex 2D and 3D geometries. The computational difficulty arises from the need to perform nested integrals that are due to nonlocal terms in the free energy functional These integral equations are expensive both in evaluation time and in memory requirements; however, the expense can be mitigated by intelligent algorithms and the use of parallel computers. This paper details our efforts to develop efficient numerical algorithms so that no local DFT calculations in complex geometries that require two or three dimensions can be performed. The success of this implementation will enable the study of solvation effects at heterogeneous surfaces, in zeolites, in solvated (bio)polymers, and in colloidal suspensions.

Revealing Hidden Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Nonlocality

Science.gov (United States)

Walborn, S. P.; Salles, A.; Gomes, R. M.; Toscano, F.; Souto Ribeiro, P. H.

2011-04-01

Steering is a form of quantum nonlocality that is intimately related to the famous Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox that ignited the ongoing discussion of quantum correlations. Within the hierarchy of nonlocal correlations appearing in nature, EPR steering occupies an intermediate position between Bell nonlocality and entanglement. In continuous variable systems, EPR steering correlations have been observed by violation of Reid’s EPR inequality, which is based on inferred variances of complementary observables. Here we propose and experimentally test a new criterion based on entropy functions, and show that it is more powerful than the variance inequality for identifying EPR steering. Using the entropic criterion our experimental results show EPR steering, while the variance criterion does not. Our results open up the possibility of observing this type of nonlocality in a wider variety of quantum states.

Heavy-flavor parton distributions without heavy-flavor matching prescriptions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bertone, Valerio; Glazov, Alexandre; Mitov, Alexander; Papanastasiou, Andrew S.; Ubiali, Maria

We show that the well-known obstacle for working with the zero-mass variable flavor number scheme, namely, the omission of O(1) mass power corrections close to the conventional heavy flavor matching point (HFMP) μb = m, can be easily overcome. For this it is sufficient to take advantage of the

Nonlocal ultrafast magnetization dynamics in the high fluence limit

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, K.C.; Malinowski, G.; Dalla Longa, F.; Koopmans, B.

2011-01-01

In order to explain a number of recent experimental observations of laser-induced femtosecond demagnetization in the large fluence limit, we discuss the consequences of a recently proposed nonlocal approach. A microscopic description of spin flip scattering is implemented in an effective three

Mermin Non-Locality in Abstract Process Theories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Gogioso

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The study of non-locality is fundamental to the understanding of quantum mechanics. The past 50 years have seen a number of non-locality proofs, but its fundamental building blocks, and the exact role it plays in quantum protocols, has remained elusive. In this paper, we focus on a particular flavour of non-locality, generalising Mermin's argument on the GHZ state. Using strongly complementary observables, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for Mermin non-locality in abstract process theories. We show that the existence of more phases than classical points (aka eigenstates is not sufficient, and that the key to Mermin non-locality lies in the presence of certain algebraically non-trivial phases. This allows us to show that fRel, a favourite toy model for categorical quantum mechanics, is Mermin local. We show Mermin non-locality to be the key resource ensuring the device-independent security of the HBB CQ (N,N family of Quantum Secret Sharing protocols. Finally, we challenge the unspoken assumption that the measurements involved in Mermin-type scenarios should be complementary (like the pair X,Y, opening the doors to a much wider class of potential experimental setups than currently employed. In short, we give conditions for Mermin non-locality tests on any number of systems, where each party has an arbitrary number of measurement choices, where each measurement has an arbitrary number of outcomes and further, that works in any abstract process theory.

21 CFR 172.510 - Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors. 172.510 Section 172.510 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION....510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors. Natural...

New signatures of flavor violating Higgs couplings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buschmann, Malte; Kopp, Joachim; Liu, Jia; Wang, Xiao-Ping [PRISMA Cluster of Excellence and Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics,Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz (Germany)

2016-06-24

We explore several novel LHC signatures arising from quark or lepton flavor violating couplings in the Higgs sector, and we constrain such couplings using LHC data. Since the largest signals are possible in channels involving top quarks or tau leptons, we consider in particular the following flavor violating processes: (1) pp→thh (top plus di-Higgs final state) arising from a dimension six coupling of up-type quarks to three insertions of the Higgs field. We develop a search strategy for this final state and demonstrate that detection is possible at the high luminosity LHC if flavor violating top-up-Higgs couplings are not too far below the current limit. (2) pp→tH{sup 0}, where H{sup 0} is the heavy neutral CP-even Higgs boson in a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). We consider the decay channels H{sup 0}→tu,WW,ZZ,hh and use existing LHC data to constrain the first three of them. For the fourth, we adapt our search for the thh final state, and we demonstrate that in large regions of the parameter space, it is superior to other searches, including searches for flavor violating top quark decays (t→hq). (3) H{sup 0}→τμ, again in the context of a 2HDM. This channel is particularly well motivated by the recent CMS excess in h→τμ, and we use the data from this search to constrain the properties of H{sup 0}.

Hyperbolic metamaterial lens with hydrodynamic nonlocal response

OpenAIRE

Yan, Wei; Mortensen, N. Asger; Wubs, Martijn

2013-01-01

We investigate the effects of hydrodynamic nonlocal response in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), focusing on the experimentally realizable parameter regime where unit cells are much smaller than an optical wavelength but much larger than the wavelengths of the longitudinal pressure waves of the free-electron plasma in the metal constituents. We derive the nonlocal corrections to the effective material parameters analytically, and illustrate the noticeable nonlocal effects on the dispersion cu...

Frustrated Brownian Motion of Nonlocal Solitary Waves

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Folli, V.; Conti, C.

2010-01-01

We investigate the evolution of solitary waves in a nonlocal medium in the presence of disorder. By using a perturbational approach, we show that an increasing degree of nonlocality may largely hamper the Brownian motion of self-trapped wave packets. The result is valid for any kind of nonlocality and in the presence of nonparaxial effects. Analytical predictions are compared with numerical simulations based on stochastic partial differential equations.

A model of the extended electron and its nonlocal electromagnetic interaction: Gauge invariance of the nonlocal theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Namsrai, Kh.; Nyamtseren, N.

1994-09-01

A model of the extended electron is constructed by using definition of the d-operation. Gauge invariance of the nonlocal theory is proved. We use the Efimov approach to describe the nonlocal interaction of quantized fields. (author). 4 refs

The mystery of flavor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peccei, R. D.

1998-01-01

After outlining some of the issues surrounding the flavor problem, I present three speculative ideas on the origin of families. In turn, families are conjectured to arise from an underlying preon dynamics; from random dynamics at very short distances; or as a result of compactification in higher dimensional theories. Examples and limitations of each of these speculative scenarios are discussed

Some generalizations of the nonlocal transformations approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. A. Tychynin

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Some generalizations of a method of nonlocal transformations are proposed: a con­nection of given equations via prolonged nonlocal transformations and finding of an adjoint solution to the solutions of initial equation are considered. A concept of nonlocal transformation with additional variables is introduced, developed and used for searching symmetries of differential equations. A problem of inversion of the nonlocal transforma­tion with additional variables is investigated and in some cases solved. Several examples are presented. Derived technique is applied for construction of the algorithms and for­mulae of generation of solutions. The formulae derived are used for construction of exact solutions of some nonlinear equations.

Casimir energy of the Nambu-Goto string with Gauss-Bonnet term and point-like masses at the ends

OpenAIRE

Hadasz, Leszek

1999-01-01

We calculate (using zeta function regularization) the Casimir energy of the rotating Nambu-Goto string with the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action and point-like masses at the ends. The resulting value turns out to be negative for all values of the parameters of the model.

Gauging Non-local Quark Models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broniowski, W.

1999-09-01

The gauge effective quark model with non-local interactions is considered. It is shown how this approach regularize the theory in such a way that the anomalies are preserved and charges are properly quantized. With non-local interactions the effective action is finite to all orders in the loop expansion and there is no need to introduce the quark momentum cut-off parameter

Lattice gravity and strings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jevicki, A.; Ninomiya, M.

1985-01-01

We are concerned with applications of the simplicial discretization method (Regge calculus) to two-dimensional quantum gravity with emphasis on the physically relevant string model. Beginning with the discretization of gravity and matter we exhibit a discrete version of the conformal trace anomaly. Proceeding to the string problem we show how the direct approach of (finite difference) discretization based on Nambu action corresponds to unsatisfactory treatment of gravitational degrees. Based on the Regge approach we then propose a discretization corresponding to the Polyakov string. In this context we are led to a natural geometric version of the associated Liouville model and two-dimensional gravity. (orig.)

People and things. CERN Courier, Oct 1986, v. 26(8)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

1986-10-15

The article reports on achievements of various people, staff changes and position opportunities within the CERN organization and contains news updates on upcoming or past events. Already acknowledged as the world's most versatile system of particle accelerators, CERN's complex of big machines put on a spectacular performance after the short summer shutdown. On 3 September, the new LEP Injection Linac (LIL) was put through its paces and the ejection line tested in readiness for the next step. The 1986 Dirac Medals of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, have been awarded to Ybichiro Nambu and Alexander Polyakov for their important contributions to mathematical physics.

People and things. CERN Courier, Oct 1986, v. 26(8)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1986-01-01

The article reports on achievements of various people, staff changes and position opportunities within the CERN organization and contains news updates on upcoming or past events. Already acknowledged as the world's most versatile system of particle accelerators, CERN's complex of big machines put on a spectacular performance after the short summer shutdown. On 3 September, the new LEP Injection Linac (LIL) was put through its paces and the ejection line tested in readiness for the next step. The 1986 Dirac Medals of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, have been awarded to Ybichiro Nambu and Alexander Polyakov for their important contributions to mathematical physics

Relation between generalized Bogoliubov and Bogoliubov-de Gennes approaches including Nambu-Goldstone mode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mine, M.; Okumura, M.; Yamanaka, Y.

2005-01-01

The two approaches of consistent quantum field theory for systems of the trapped Bose-Einstein condensates are known, one is the Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach and the other is the generalized Bogoliubov approach. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the two approaches and show that they are formally equivalent to each other. To do this one must carefully treat the Nambu-Goldstone mode which plays a crucial role in the condensation. It is emphasized that the choice of vacuum is physically relevant

Attraction of nonlocal dark optical solitons

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nikolov, Nikola Ivanov; Neshev, Dragomir; Krolikowski, Wieslaw

2004-01-01

We study the formation and interaction of spatial dark optical solitons in materials with a nonlocal nonlinear response. We show that unlike in local materials, where dark solitons typically repel, the nonlocal nonlinearity leads to a long-range attraction and formation of stable bound states...

Potential hazards in smoke-flavored fish

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Hong; Jiang, Jie; Li, Donghua

2008-08-01

Smoking is widely used in fish processing for the color and flavor. Smoke flavorings have evolved as a successful alternative to traditional smoking. The hazards of the fish products treated by liquid-smoking process are discussed in this review. The smoke flavoring is one important ingredient in the smoke-flavored fish. This paper gives the definition of smoke flavorings and the hazard of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) residue in the smoke flavorings on the market. It gives also an assessment of chemical hazards such as carcinogenic PAHs, especially Benzo-[ a]pyrene, as well as biological hazards such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, histamine and parasites in smoke-flavored fish. The limitations in regulations or standards are discussed. Smoke flavored fish have lower content of PAHs as compared with the traditional smoking techniques if the PAHs residue in smoke flavorings is controlled by regulations or standards.

Searching for flavor labels in food products: the influence of color-flavor congruence and association strength.

Science.gov (United States)

Velasco, Carlos; Wan, Xiaoang; Knoeferle, Klemens; Zhou, Xi; Salgado-Montejo, Alejandro; Spence, Charles

2015-01-01

Prior research provides robust support for the existence of a number of associations between colors and flavors. In the present study, we examined whether congruent (vs. incongruent) combinations of product packaging colors and flavor labels would facilitate visual search for products labeled with specific flavors. The two experiments reported here document a Stroop-like effect between flavor words and packaging colors. The participants were able to search for packaging flavor labels more rapidly when the color of the packaging was congruent with the flavor label (e.g., red/tomato) than when it was incongruent (e.g., yellow/tomato). In addition, when the packaging color was incongruent, those flavor labels that were more strongly associated with a specific color yielded slower reaction times and more errors (Stroop interference) than those that were less strongly tied to a specific color. Importantly, search efficiency was affected both by color/flavor congruence and association strength. Taken together, these results therefore highlight the role of color congruence and color-word association strength when it comes to searching for specific flavor labels.

Nonlocal N=1 supersymmetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kimura, Tetsuji [Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University,Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521 (Japan); Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan); Mazumdar, Anupam [Consortium for Fundamental Physics, Physics Department, Lancaster University,Lancaster LA1 4YB (United Kingdom); Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen,9700 AV Groningen (Netherlands); Noumi, Toshifumi [Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Clear Water Bay (Hong Kong); Department of Physics, Kobe University,Kobe 657-8501 (Japan); Yamaguchi, Masahide [Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan)

2016-10-05

We construct N=1 supersymmetric nonlocal theories in four dimension. We discuss higher derivative extensions of chiral and vector superfields, and write down generic forms of Kähler potential and superpotential up to quadratic order. We derive the condition in which an auxiliary field remains non-dynamical, and the dynamical scalars and fermions are free from the ghost degrees of freedom. We also investigate the nonlocal effects on the supersymmetry breaking and find that supertrace (mass) formula is significantly modified even at the tree level.

Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E-Cigarette Vaping.

Science.gov (United States)

Khlystov, Andrey; Samburova, Vera

2016-12-06

The growing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) raises concerns about the possibility of adverse health effects to primary users and people exposed to e-cigarette vapors. E-Cigarettes offer a very wide variety of flavors, which is one of the main factors that attract new, especially young, users. How flavoring compounds in e-cigarette liquids affect the chemical composition and toxicity of e-cigarette vapors is practically unknown. Although e-cigarettes are marketed as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, several studies have demonstrated formation of toxic aldehydes in e-cigarette vapors during vaping. So far, aldehyde formation has been attributed to thermal decomposition of the main components of e-cigarette e-liquids (propylene glycol and glycerol), while the role of flavoring compounds has been ignored. In this study, we have measured several toxic aldehydes produced by three popular brands of e-cigarettes with flavored and unflavored e-liquids. We show that, within the tested e-cigarette brands, thermal decomposition of flavoring compounds dominates formation of aldehydes during vaping, producing levels that exceed occupational safety standards. Production of aldehydes was found to be exponentially dependent on concentration of flavoring compounds. These findings stress the need for a further, thorough investigation of the effect of flavoring compounds on the toxicity of e-cigarettes.

Flavor physics and CP violation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isidori, Gino

2014-01-01

Lectures on flavor physics presented at the 2012 CERN HEP Summer School. Content: 1) flavor physics within the Standard Model, 2) phenomenology of B and D decays, 3) flavor physics beyond the Standard Model

Exploring flavor structure of supersymmetry breaking at B factories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goto, Toru; Shindou, Tetsuo; Tanaka, Minoru; Okada, Yasuhiro; Shimizu, Yasuhiro

2003-01-01

We investigate flavor physics at present and future B factories in order to distinguish supersymmetric models. We evaluate CP asymmetries in various B decay modes, Δm Bd , Δm Bs , and ε K in three supersymmetric models, i.e. the minimal supergravity, the SU(5) SUSY GUT with right handed neutrinos, and a supersymmetric model with U(2) flavor symmetry. The allowed regions of Δm Bs /Δm Bd and CP asymmetries in B → J/ψK S and b → sγ are different for the three models so that it is possible to distinguish the three models by precise determinations of these observables in near future experiments. (author)

A Clifford algebra approach to chiral symmetry breaking and fermion mass hierarchies

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Wei

2017-09-01

We propose a Clifford algebra approach to chiral symmetry breaking and fermion mass hierarchies in the context of composite Higgs bosons. Standard model fermions are represented by algebraic spinors of six-dimensional binary Clifford algebra, while ternary Clifford algebra-related flavor projection operators control allowable flavor-mixing interactions. There are three composite electroweak Higgs bosons resulted from top quark, tau neutrino, and tau lepton condensations. Each of the three condensations gives rise to masses of four different fermions. The fermion mass hierarchies within these three groups are determined by four-fermion condensations, which break two global chiral symmetries. The four-fermion condensations induce axion-like pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons and can be dark matter candidates. In addition to the 125 GeV Higgs boson observed at the Large Hadron Collider, we anticipate detection of tau neutrino composite Higgs boson via the charm quark decay channel.

Nonlocal transformation optics.

Science.gov (United States)

Castaldi, Giuseppe; Galdi, Vincenzo; Alù, Andrea; Engheta, Nader

2012-02-10

We show that the powerful framework of transformation optics may be exploited for engineering the nonlocal response of artificial electromagnetic materials. Relying on the form-invariant properties of coordinate-transformed Maxwell's equations in the spectral domain, we derive the general constitutive "blueprints" of transformation media yielding prescribed nonlocal field-manipulation effects and provide a physically incisive and powerful geometrical interpretation in terms of deformation of the equifrequency contours. In order to illustrate the potentials of our approach, we present an example of application to a wave-splitting refraction scenario, which may be implemented via a simple class of artificial materials. Our results provide a systematic and versatile framework which may open intriguing venues in dispersion engineering of artificial materials.

The mystery of flavor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peccei, R.D.

1998-01-01

After outlining some of the issues surrounding the flavor problem, I present three speculative ideas on the origin of families. In turn, families are conjectured to arise from an underlying preon dynamics; from random dynamics at very short distances; or as a result of compactification in higher dimensional theories. Examples and limitations of each of these speculative scenarios are discussed. copyright 1998 American Institute of Physics

Gapless Color-Flavor-Locked Quark Matter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alford, Mark; Kouvaris, Christoforos; Rajagopal, Krishna

2004-01-01

In neutral cold quark matter that is sufficiently dense that the strange quark mass M_s is unimportant, all nine quarks (three colors; three flavors) pair in a color-flavor locked (CFL) pattern, and all fermionic quasiparticles have a gap. We argue that as a function of decreasing quark chemical...... potential mu or increasing M_s, there is a quantum phase transition from the CFL phase to a new ``gapless CFL phase'' in which only seven quasiparticles have a gap. The transition occurs where M_s^2/mu is approximately equal to 2*Delta, with Delta the gap parameter. Gapless CFL, like CFL, leaves unbroken...... a linear combination Qtilde of electric and color charges, but it is a Qtilde-conductor with a nonzero electron density. These electrons and the gapless quark quasiparticles make the low energy effective theory of the gapless CFL phase and, consequently, its astrophysical properties are qualitatively...

Searching for flavor labels in food products: The influence of color-flavor congruence and association strength

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos eVelasco

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Prior research provides robust support for the existence of a number of associations between colors and flavors. In the present study, we examined whether congruent (vs. incongruent combinations of product packaging colors and flavor labels would facilitate visual search for products labelled with specific flavors in a Stroop-like manner. Across two experiments, a Stroop-like effect between flavor words and packaging colors is documented and we demonstrate that people are able to search for packaging flavor labels more rapidly when the color of the packaging is congruent with the flavor label (e.g., red/tomato than when it is incongruent (e.g., yellow/tomato. In addition, when the packaging color was incongruent, those flavor labels that were more strongly associated with a specific color yielded slower reaction times and more errors (Stroop interference than those that were less strongly tied to a specific color. Importantly, search efficiency was affected both by color/flavor congruence and association strength. Taken together, these results therefore highlight the role of color congruence and color-word association strength when it comes to searching for specific flavor labels.

An E-liquid Flavor Wheel: A Shared Vocabulary based on Systematically Reviewing E-liquid Flavor Classifications in Literature.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Krüsemann, Erna Johanna Zegerina; Boesveldt, Sanne; de Graaf, Kees; Talhout, Reinskje

2018-01-01

E-liquids are available in a high variety of flavors. A systematic classification of e-liquid flavors is necessary to increase comparability of research results. In the food, alcohol and fragrance industry, flavors are classified using flavor wheels. We systematically reviewed literature on flavors

Nonlocal gravity simulates dark matter

OpenAIRE

Hehl, Friedrich W.; Mashhoon, Bahram

2009-01-01

A nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation is constructed within the framework of the translational gauge theory of gravity. In the linear approximation, the nonlocal theory can be interpreted as linearized general relativity but in the presence of "dark matter" that can be simply expressed as an integral transform of matter. It is shown that this approach can accommodate the Tohline-Kuhn treatment of the astrophysical evidence for dark matter.

Reassessment of the nonlocality of correlation boxes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, A.P.; Parisio, Fernando, E-mail: parisio@df.ufpe.br

2017-01-15

Correlation boxes are hypothetical systems usually designed to produce the maximal algebraic violation of a Bell inequality, beyond the quantum bound and without superluminal signalling. The fact that these systems show stronger correlations than those presented by maximally entangled quantum states, as the spin singlet, has been regarded as a demonstration that the former are more nonlocal than the latter. By applying an alternative, consistent measure of nonlocality to a family of correlation boxes, we show that this conclusion is not necessarily true. Complementarily, we define a class of systems displaying subquantum correlations which, nevertheless, are more nonlocal than the singlet state, showing that the extent of the numeric violation of an inequality may have little to do with the degree of nonlocality, especially in the case of correlation boxes.

Explicit frequency equations of free vibration of a nonlocal Timoshenko beam with surface effects

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Hai-Sheng; Zhang, Yao; Lie, Seng-Tjhen

2018-02-01

Considerations of nonlocal elasticity and surface effects in micro- and nanoscale beams are both important for the accurate prediction of natural frequency. In this study, the governing equation of a nonlocal Timoshenko beam with surface effects is established by taking into account three types of boundary conditions: hinged-hinged, clamped-clamped and clamped-hinged ends. For a hinged-hinged beam, an exact and explicit natural frequency equation is obtained. However, for clamped-clamped and clamped-hinged beams, the solutions of corresponding frequency equations must be determined numerically due to their transcendental nature. Hence, the Fredholm integral equation approach coupled with a curve fitting method is employed to derive the approximate fundamental frequency equations, which can predict the frequency values with high accuracy. In short, explicit frequency equations of the Timoshenko beam for three types of boundary conditions are proposed to exhibit directly the dependence of the natural frequency on the nonlocal elasticity, surface elasticity, residual surface stress, shear deformation and rotatory inertia, avoiding the complicated numerical computation.

Quadratic Hierarchy Flavor Rule as the Origin of Dirac CP-Violating Phases

OpenAIRE

Lipmanov, E. M.

2007-01-01

The premise of an organizing quadratic hierarchy rule in lepton-quark flavor physics was used earlier for explanation of the hierarchy patterns of four generic pairs of flavor quantities 1) charged-lepton and 2) neutrino deviations from mass-degeneracy, 3) deviations of lepton mixing from maximal magnitude and 4) deviations of quark mixing from minimal one. Here it is shown that the quadratic hierarchy equation that is uniquely related to three flavor particle generations may have yet another...

Classification of scalar and dyadic nonlocal optical response models

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wubs, Martijn

2015-01-01

Nonlocal optical response is one of the emerging effects on the nanoscale for particles made of metals or doped semiconductors. Here we classify and compare both scalar and tensorial nonlocal response models. In the latter case the nonlocality can stem from either the longitudinal response...

A new treatment of nonlocality in scattering process

Science.gov (United States)

Upadhyay, N. J.; Bhagwat, A.; Jain, B. K.

2018-01-01

Nonlocality in the scattering potential leads to an integro-differential equation. In this equation nonlocality enters through an integral over the nonlocal potential kernel. The resulting Schrödinger equation is usually handled by approximating r,{r}{\\prime }-dependence of the nonlocal kernel. The present work proposes a novel method to solve the integro-differential equation. The method, using the mean value theorem of integral calculus, converts the nonhomogeneous term to a homogeneous term. The effective local potential in this equation turns out to be energy independent, but has relative angular momentum dependence. This method is accurate and valid for any form of nonlocality. As illustrative examples, the total and differential cross sections for neutron scattering off 12C, 56Fe and 100Mo nuclei are calculated with this method in the low energy region (up to 10 MeV) and are found to be in reasonable accord with the experiments.

Ring vortex solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Briedis, D.; Petersen, D.E.; Edmundson, D.

2005-01-01

We study the formation and propagation of two-dimensional vortex solitons, i.e. solitons with a phase singularity, in optical materials with a nonlocal focusing nonlinearity. We show that nonlocality stabilizes the dynamics of an otherwise unstable vortex beam. This occurs for either single...... or higher charge fundamental vortices as well as higher order (multiple ring) vortex solitons. Our results pave the way for experimental observation of stable vortex rings in other nonlocal nonlinear systems including Bose-Einstein condensates with pronounced long-range interparticle interaction....

Survey on nonlocal games and operator space theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palazuelos, Carlos, E-mail: cpalazue@mat.ucm.es [Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (ICMAT), Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid (Spain); Vidick, Thomas, E-mail: vidick@cms.caltech.edu [Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 (United States)

2016-01-15

This review article is concerned with a recently uncovered connection between operator spaces, a noncommutative extension of Banach spaces, and quantum nonlocality, a striking phenomenon which underlies many of the applications of quantum mechanics to information theory, cryptography, and algorithms. Using the framework of nonlocal games, we relate measures of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics to certain norms in the Banach and operator space categories. We survey recent results that exploit this connection to derive large violations of Bell inequalities, study the complexity of the classical and quantum values of games and their relation to Grothendieck inequalities, and quantify the nonlocality of different classes of entangled states.

Survey on nonlocal games and operator space theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palazuelos, Carlos; Vidick, Thomas

2016-01-01

This review article is concerned with a recently uncovered connection between operator spaces, a noncommutative extension of Banach spaces, and quantum nonlocality, a striking phenomenon which underlies many of the applications of quantum mechanics to information theory, cryptography, and algorithms. Using the framework of nonlocal games, we relate measures of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics to certain norms in the Banach and operator space categories. We survey recent results that exploit this connection to derive large violations of Bell inequalities, study the complexity of the classical and quantum values of games and their relation to Grothendieck inequalities, and quantify the nonlocality of different classes of entangled states

Supersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions with cubic dispersion

Science.gov (United States)

Sannomiya, Noriaki; Katsura, Hosho; Nakayama, Yu

2017-03-01

We introduce a lattice fermion model in one spatial dimension with supersymmetry (SUSY) but without particle number conservation. The Hamiltonian is defined as the anticommutator of two nilpotent supercharges Q and Q†. Each supercharge is built solely from spinless fermion operators and depends on a parameter g . The system is strongly interacting for small g , and in the extreme limit g =0 , the number of zero-energy ground states grows exponentially with the system size. By contrast, in the large-g limit, the system is noninteracting and SUSY is broken spontaneously. We study the model for modest values of g and show that under certain conditions spontaneous SUSY breaking occurs in both finite and infinite chains. We analyze the low-energy excitations both analytically and numerically. Our analysis suggests that the Nambu-Goldstone fermions accompanying the spontaneous SUSY breaking have cubic dispersion at low energies.