Star bene donna, star bene mamma: il counseling a sostegno della maternità presso l’Ospedale Macedonio Melloni di Milano

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Roberta Riolo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il progetto “Star bene donna, star bene mamma – il Counseling a sostegno della maternità”, è finanziato dalla L.R. 23/99, ed è completamente gratuito per l’utenza. Finalità del progetto è la tutela della maternità, della genitorialità, della salute e del benessere della donna, rimuovendo ostacoli materiali e culturali tramite interventi integrati, con particolare attenzione alle situazioni di fragilità e in prevenzione all’uso dell’IVG. Il progetto, attivo da settembre 2011, prevede sei azioni svolte in modo integrato sul territorio cittadino, in collaborazione con alcuni Enti pubblici e strutture private: 1 Sostegno e accompagnamento alla donna, o coppia, attraverso sportello di Counseling attivo all’interno dell’Ospedale Macedonio Melloni e tramite lavoro di rete con Madre Segreta, servizio a tutela della maternità della Provincia di Milano. 2 Utilizzo del mediatore linguistico. 3 Formazione e orientamento al lavoro per donne in evidente stato di disagio economico all’interno di un’Associazione culturale per bambini, che offre servizi alle famiglie. 4 Fornitura pacchi alimentari per nuclei monoparentali o famiglie in provato stato di bisogno. 5 Formazione agli operatori su tematiche quali: la maternità migrante, la relazione e la comunicazione, la comunicazione difficile. 6 Formazione affettiva e sessuale ad adolescenti, volta a promuovere una sessualità consapevole e senza rischi. Il Counseling sistemico si inserisce in questo progetto come elemento di aiuto per la presa in carico tempestiva dell’utenza ospedaliera, offrendo un immediato spazio di confronto e di dialogo utile a raccogliere e identificare la difficoltà portata. Il lavoro del Counselor non è di ostacolo agli altri operatori in quanto si muove entro limiti ben chiari, anzi può essere di utilità alleggerendo, nello specifico, il lavoro di Psicologi e Psicoterapeuti per una presa in carico di tutte quelle situazioni di disagio evolutivo e pu

Il sistema EGNOS a supporto della navigazione sicura nei porti: il progetto SafePort

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Antonio Casoria

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Il progetto SafePort, sviluppato all’interno del 7° Programma Quadro promosso dalla Unione Europea con la supervisione di European GNSS Agency (GSA che segue tutti i programmi applicativi inerenti ai sistemi GNSS europei, Galileo ed EGNOS, ha l’obbiettivo di migliorare la capacità recettiva dei porti europei, aumentando al contempo la sicurezza delle operazioni di navigazione, di attracco e di ormeggio. The EGNOS system to support safe navigation in ports: the project SafePORT SafePORT The project, developed within the 7 th Framework Programme  sponsored  by  European  Union  under  the  super-vision of European GNSS Agency (GSA, which follows all ap-plications relating to the European GNSS systems, Galileo and EGNOS, has the aim to improve receptive capacity of Europe-an ports, while increasing the safety of operations, navigation, docking and mooring.

Il sistema EGNOS a supporto della navigazione sicura nei porti: il progetto SafePort

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Antonio Casoria

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Il progetto SafePort, sviluppato all’interno del 7° Programma Quadro promosso dalla Unione Europea con la supervisione di European GNSS Agency (GSA che segue tutti i programmi applicativi inerenti ai sistemi GNSS europei, Galileo ed EGNOS, ha l’obbiettivo di migliorare la capacità recettiva dei porti europei, aumentando al contempo la sicurezza delle operazioni di navigazione, di attracco e di ormeggio.The EGNOS system to support safe navigation in ports: the project SafePORTSafePORT The project, developed within the 7 th Framework Programme  sponsored  by  European  Union  under  the  super-vision of European GNSS Agency (GSA, which follows all ap-plications relating to the European GNSS systems, Galileo and EGNOS, has the aim to improve receptive capacity of Europe-an ports, while increasing the safety of operations, navigation, docking and mooring.

Crowdfunding per il Patrimonio Culturale nei Centri Storici Minori: la Chiesa di San Michele a Savoca

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Antonino Cosentino

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Questo articolo illustra la campagna di crowdfunding “Save the Soul of Savoca” per finanziare il restauro di un ciclo di dipinti settecenteschi nel piccolo borgo di Savoca (ME. Si presenta questa iniziativa come un modello per la salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale del nostro Paese che è vastissimo, distribuito su numerose piccole realtà locali e spesso non adeguatamente tutelato. Il finanziamento erogato dallo Stato e dagli enti locali rappresenta, ancora oggi, la fonte di sostentamento principale per le iniziative che coinvolgono il settore dei beni culturali. Tuttavia, l’attuale congiuntura economica ha favorito la nascita e la diffusione di strumenti e modalità di finanziamento alternativi attraverso i quali poter supportare il restauro del nostro Patrimonio Culturale. Il crowdfunding è il metodo che più si sta diffondendo ed è una forma di microfinanziamento dal basso finalizzato alla creazione e al supporto di un processo collaborativo tra singoli soggetti che utilizzano il proprio denaro per sostenere iniziative di singoli individui o di organizzazioni più strutturate. Molteplici sono gli esempi attuali di impiego del crowdfunding, da parte di associazioni e comitati, per il restauro di monumenti di interesse nazionale.

Il patrimonio scomodo del Novecento europeo nel progetto Atrium a Forlì

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Elena Pirazzoli

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Il Novecento ha lasciato tracce difficili nelle città d'Europa. I regimi che si sono succeduti hanno trasformato urbanisticamente e architettonicamente l'intero territorio e oggi è complesso relazionarsi con questi segni. Il progetto europeo Atrium - Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes in Urban Managements si propone di valorizzare, con attenta cura e senza intenti mistificatori, proprio il “patrimonio scomodo” di 11 paesi dell'Europa del sud.

La “grande bellezza” del paesaggio italiano nel cinema contemporaneo: tra falsificazione e finanziamento locale / The “great beauty” of Italian landscape in contemporary movies: between falsification and local funding

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Eleonora Mastropietro

2016-05-01

Full Text Available I film hanno rappresentato l’evoluzione del paesaggio italiano per gran parte del novecento. Negli ultimi due decenni i film italiani hanno però smesso di esplorare le trasformazioni del territorio. La debolezza dell’industria cinematografica spiega in parte l’assenza del contemporaneo dagli schermi. Inoltre il diffuso ricorso al supporto economico degli enti pubblici, che spesso vedono i film come strumenti di promozione turistica, sembra influenzare le modalità di rappresentazione del paesaggio. Il contributo presenta una ricerca condotta sui film di maggior successo tra il 1990 e il 2014 alla ricerca dell’immagine del paesaggio italiano in essi prevalente e evidenzia alcune cause alla base di questa rappresentazione omogenea. Films have portrayed the evolution of the Italian urban landscape in the last 100 years. Nevertheless, contemporary movies partially ignore the recent transformations and represent instead a stereotyped image of Italian landscapes. The structure of the local movie industry could provide a first explanation of this phenomenon. Moreover, the financial support of productions provided by local government influences the choice of including or excluding elements of the landscape in the movies screen. The paper explores the new representations of landscape in Italian movies, in order to show which features of the changing contemporary Italian landscapes are visible and which are hidden.

Territorio, educacion y multiculturalidad

OpenAIRE

Molina Andrade, Adela; Rodriguez Pizzinato, Liliana Angélica

2012-01-01

La ponencia presenta las líneas iniciales que orientan la inquietud investigativa como parte del proceso de formación doctoral que comienza, pensando en la relación de las concepciones de los maestros en formación en particular sobre el territorio y su incidencia en las prácticas pedagógicas, como una posibilidad de reflexionar sobre estas y los efectos que tienen en la construcción de territorios epistémicos, configurados a partir de las diversas formas de relación con el conocimiento que es...

Il Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze

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Giancarlo Francini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Nel corso del presente articolo vengono descritte le premesse epistemologiche e le metodologie adottate dagli operatori del Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze (ITFF nel lavoro con la popolazione migrante ed elencati gli interventi fatti nel territorio. Il Servizio Intercultura dell’ITFF si è interrogato in questi anni sul valore della cultura come porta d’ingresso nel rapporto con il migrante; nel chiedere loro di narrare aspetti della loro cultura condividiamo aspetti della nostra cultura. L’incontro con il malinteso, che come dice Jankelevitch «(… è un quasi niente» (Jankelevitch, 1987, p. 233, perché se fosse stato qualcosa di più ce ne saremmo accorti e se fosse qualcosa di meno non sarebbe significativo, ci permette di aprirci a un rapporto che cambia entrambi, operatore e migrante, nella relazione. È nella relazione e attraverso il racconto dell’evento migrazione e del ciclo di vita che si costruisce e si cerca un linguaggio comune per la descrizione e l’espressione del disagio. Il lavoro con i migranti deve fare i conti con le difficoltà legate all’impiego, alla casa, al permesso di soggiorno e non ultimo alla brevità di alcuni incontri, perché per alcuni la nostra città è solo una tappa di un percorso che continua alla ricerca di una sistemazione migliore. Nel territorio di Firenze sono stati messi a punto una serie di servizi: oltre alla clinica e a uno sportello di consulenza, ci si dedica alla formazione degli operatori che lavorano con i migranti. Esempi di queste attività sono: un progetto di peer tutoring in alcune scuole superiori, uno di formazione per le assistenti sociali al fine di proporre un protocollo più efficace di presa in carico dei migranti, una serie di focus group con dipendenti Asl all’interno del progetto “Mamma segreta” della regione Toscana; inoltre, la collaborazione con le associazioni presenti sul territorio ha permesso un contatto

The integration of physical and digital urban infrastructures: the role of “Big data”

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Cinzia Talamo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Le molte evoluzioni nell’ambito della gestione delle informazioni, l’affermarsi dei concetti di Big Data e IoT (internet of things, lo sviluppo e la diffusione della sensoristica stanno aprendo a innovativi scenari e delineando nuove questioni rispetto alle attività conoscitive e decisionali, con declinazioni specifiche se considerate in relazione all’ambito applicativo delle infrastrutture e dei beni edilizi e urbani. A partire da queste premesse, obiettivo del paper è delineare l’attuale quadro dei fattori tecnologici di innovazione e proporre alcune ipotesi circa i potenziali scenari futuri dei servizi di supporto alla gestione e allo sviluppo del territorio e dei manufatti edilizi a partire da diverse possibili forme di integrazione tra infrastrutture urbane fisiche e digitali. Nell’ambito delle infrastrutture, l’analisi del ruolo dell’informazione rispetto all’interazione tra materiale e immateriale pone una serie di questioni interpretative che il paper tratteggia. 

Estructura de Información Geográfica Vulnerabilidad del Territorio

OpenAIRE

Narvaez, Nixon

2012-01-01

Estructura de Información geográfica Vulnerabilidad del Territorio temas: Estructura del territorio, Enfoques de la estructura del territorio, Grado de exposición del territorio y Vulnerabilidad de los elementos estratégicos

Edifici di culto e loro pertinenze, consumo del territorio e spending review

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Federica Botti

2014-09-01

Full Text Available assegnista di ricerca nell'Università Alma Mater Studiorum di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze GiuridicheContributo sottoposto a valutazione SOMMARIO: 1. Crisi finanziaria dello Stato e nuovo ruolo e funzioni degli edifici di culto - 2. Configurazione degli spazi degli edifici di culto in relazione al loro uso pubblico - 3. Pertinenze “liturgiche” e pertinenze “funzionali”: un primo controllo di spesa - 4. Utilizzazione pubblica delle pertinenze, anche attraverso lo strumento delle convenzioni con gli enti pubblici. Gli edifici di culto di proprietà delle confessioni – 5. Gli edifici di culto di proprietà pubblica gestiti attraverso il F. E. C. -6. Le convenzioni per la concessione dell’utilizzazione a fini di culto di edifici di proprietà pubblica - 7. Il controllo di spesa e il patto di stabilità tra l’attuazione dell’art. 19 Cost., proprietà pubblica di edifici di culto, finanziamenti pubblici per la loro manutenzione/edificazione – 8. Spending review e rivisitazione del rapporto tra consumo del territorio, edifici esistenti e loro utilizzazione/fruizione.

Territorio e logistica: un binomio ancora tutto da inventare

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Alessandro Bove

2008-12-01

Full Text Available La velocità di adattamento alle situazioni è quel concetto che sta alla base del nuovo modo di fare e vivere il territorio. Esso accomuna sia gli aspetti di urgenza legati all’esigenza di trasformazione delle strutture territoriali per far sì che esse possano confrontarsi in maniera competitiva con territori che sempre di più devono aggiornare la propria immagine ed organizzazione per far fronte ai nuovi dettami e strategie imposti dalla globalizzazione, sia gli aspetti più strettamente economici e della produzione i quali, nelle sfide lanciate dalla mondializzazione dei mercati e dall’impellenza della sostenibilità - intesa nella sua accezione più ampia - risentono in maniera sempre più pressante della necessità di un aggiornamento o di una trasformazione continui.

Blended presence / distance learning

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Vincenza Benigno

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Presentazione della sperimentazione di un approccio misto presenza/distanza condotta nell’ambito del corso di aggiornamento EDIT (EDucare con Internet e la Telematica sull’uso delle risorse di rete a supporto della didattica scolastica. Dopo una prima riflessione su i diversi usi della telematica a supporto dell’aggiornamento/formazione dei docenti, viene descritto in dettaglio il corso EDIT ed i risultati raggiunti.

Namibia: un esempio di cooperazione internazionale per lo studio delle patologie emergenti

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Attilio Pini

2009-06-01

Full Text Available L'Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise è impegnato da anni nella ricerca e sperimentazione mirate ad approfondire la conoscenza delle malattie esotiche, cioè di quelle malattie che non sono presenti sul territorio nazionale. Per poter raggiungere tali obiettivi, è importante impegnarsi nella creazione di una rete di collaborazioni con Laboratori ed Enti di ricerca a livello nazionale ed internazionale. I rapporti che l'Istituto ha instaurato soprattutto con la Namibia e più di recente Botswana si stanno rivelando di notevole aiuto per la reciproca crescita tecnico-scientifica. L'Istituto coopera con i Servizi Veterinari della Namibia fornendo supporto tecnico-scientifico e nel 2005, ha allestito un proprio Laboratorio di Virologia, presso il Central Veterinary Laboratory di Windhoek, nel quale, personale dell'Istituto e namibiano, in unita' di intenti, condividono le competenze diagnostiche e la ricerca scientifica. Scopo del seguente lavoro è descrivere le attività svolte nell'ambito di questo rapporto di collaborazione.

Agricoltura, paesaggio e territorio tra conservazione e innovazione: il ruolo della ricerca

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Zeno Varanini

Full Text Available Il paesaggio è un’entità spaziale complessa, nella quale troviamo registrate, sedimentate nel tempo, le trasformazioni di genere naturale e culturale, espresse con un linguaggio universalmente comprensibile in un testo unico e fragile. A questa concezione matura del paesaggio si può riferire il suo riconoscimento come indicatore di sintesi dello stato dell’ambiente, che l’ex Agenzia nazionale per la protezione dell’ambiente proponeva sul finire degli anni Novanta, indicando pertanto una possibile via, non semplice, né esaustiva, ma chiara e praticabile, per l’analisi e il progetto della sostenibilità dello sviluppo territoriale. La stessa definizione olistica che la Convenzione europea attribuisce al paesaggio costituisce una conferma ed un rafforzamento del suo significato quale esito primario delle modalità di sviluppo territoriale e pertanto della sua valenza di termine di valutazione delle relative condizioni di sostenibilità.

Il rifornimento della rete commerciale al dettaglio della Provincia di Napoli

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Marino de Luca

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Nella nota vengono sintetizzate le principali conclusioni cui è pervenuta una ricerca finanziata dalla Camera di Commercio di Napoli e realizzata da Uniontrasporti e dal dipartimento di Ingegneria dei trasporti della Federico II. Il lavoro ha riguardato il settore prevalente della city logistics e cioè il rifornimento di quegli esercizi della rete commerciale al dettaglio che non dispongono di organizzazioni autonome già oggi sotto controllo come, ad esempio, hanno la Grande distribuzione, il trasporto dei giornali, dei prodotti farmaceutici, degli ortofrutticoli ecc. Il lavoro è stato caratterizzato da alcune specificità: • è basato su una conoscenza quantitativa diretta della domanda di rifornimento merci nell’area metropolitana di Napoli ottenuta da una rilevazione campionaria sul campo (2000 interviste • si riferisce ad un’area metropolitana e non ad una singola città, prevedendo che una diversa organizzazione del rifornimento deve riguardare tutti gli esercizi del territorio sul quale operano le aziende del settore, territorio che, per le grandi città, coincide con l’area metropolitana • prevede la realizzazione di due tipologie di “nodi” nei quali effettuare manipolazione delle merci: centri merci inseriti negli interporti dell’area per i flussi provenienti o destinati in zone molto distanti (Italia del centro, del nord e del sud e transit point “di quartiere” dai quali partire per raggiungere il destinatario finale con mezzi a mano o ad emissione zero o anche con ritiro a cura del destinatario stesso. Le principali dimensioni della domanda desunte dall’indagine eseguita possono essere sintetizzate nelle seguenti cifre: 27.000 consegne/giorno-medio (0,87 per esercizio per 260.000 colli (9,72 a consegna su tutto il territorio della provincia; il 44% destinate alla città di Napoli, il 45% destinato al resto dell’area metropolitana di Napoli e l’11% al resto della provincia; il 34% proviene invece da

La piattaforma logistica di Leixões, Portogallo, e il suo territorio.

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Marco Campolongo

2010-07-01

Full Text Available L’obiettivo dell’articolo è l’analisi critica del progetto preliminare della piattaforma di Leixões, nell’area metropolitana di Porto, al fine di verificare le modalità con cui sono state affrontate le questioni relative alla connessione tra mobilità dedicata e mobilità ordinaria, il rapporto con i caratteri del sistema insediativo in cui l’area è inserita, le relazioni con le zone di protezione ambientale contigue alla parte meridionale del polo logistico. Sulla base di questa attenta disamina sono state avanzate delle ipotesi progettuali tese a modificare alcuni aspetti della impostazione insediativa del progetto, pur mantenendo sostanzialmente inalterato il layout d’insieme della struttura. L’articolo è organizzato in cinque sezioni. All’introduzione segue una breve descrizione del sistema logistico in Portogallo e del Piano nazionale della Logistica. La sezione 3 è dedicata alla presentazione del progetto preliminare della piattaforma di Leixões e la sezione 4 all’analisi critica di tale progetto e alle possibili ipotesi progettuali alternative. Seguono le considerazioni conclusive.

Il territorio delle Lipari tra ambiente, cinema e turismo / The territory of Lipari between environment, cinema and tourism

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Elena Di Blasi

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Fino agli anni ’50 le Lipari (dette anche Eolie, sfavorite dall’insularità e con un’economia di sussistenza, basata su attività tradizionali, erano dominate da povertà ed emigrazione. Tutto mutò nel 1949, quando una troupe cinematografica, guidata da Rossellini, girò Stromboli, interpretato da Ingrid Bergman: tra i due era nata una storia d’amore. Poco dopo, un’altra troupe utilizzò Vulcano come location dell’omonimo film, con Anna Magnani, ex fiamma di Rossellini. Questi cult passarono alla storia del cinema come la guerra dei vulcani. I due film, con gli scoop legati alle vicende sentimentali dei protagonisti, hanno innescato un nuovo percorso per le Eolie, fuori dall’atavico letargo, che ha determinato un vero e proprio “boom turistico”. Indagando la variegata realtà delle Lipari, lo scopo del presente articolo è quello di dimostrare come, attraverso un’analisi storica del mercato turistico, l’arrivo del cinema nel territorio eoliano abbia innescato importanti processi di sviluppo economico e cambiamento sociale. Questa ricerca vuole, inoltre, evidenziare il rapporto privilegiato tra insularità e cineturismo. Till the late 50s the Aeolian Islands, plagued by insularity and characterized by a subsistence economy based on traditional activities, had been dominated by poverty and emigration. All changed in 1949 when Rossellini shot Stromboli featuring Ingrid Bergman, his new love. Soon after a crew shot in Volcano the homonymous film starring Anna Magnani, Rossellini’s old flame. The two films, gone down in history as the war of volcanoes, and the scoops about the love scandal have drawn a new path for the Aeolian Islands that has taken them to a tourist boom. The present paper aims to show by means of a historical analysis of the local tourist market how the coming of the film industry have triggered processes of economic growth and social change in the Aeolian Islands. This paper also aims to point out the

L’intermodalità a supporto della riduzione dell’impatto ambientale dei trasporti: il caso dell’interporto quadrante Europa di Verona

OpenAIRE

Chimenti, Matteo; Dal Dosso, Michele

2015-01-01

Il presente paper si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare l’impatto delle “esternalità” dei trasporti sull’ambiente e sulla società. Nello specifico l’analisi verterà sul sistema interportuale italiano, quale strumento strategico per incrementare la mobilità sostenibile del futuro. Lo studio si concentrerà dapprima su di una panoramica del disegno dell’interportualità italiana per poi focalizzarsi sull’Interporto Quadrante Europa di Verona, che diverrà il case study del presente paper. Tale s...

LA LINGUA ITALIANA E LE SCUOLE ITALIANE NEL TERRITORIO ISTRIANO

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Chiara De Battisti

2011-02-01

Full Text Available L’articolo ricostruisce brevemente, dal punto di vista storico, le vicende della comunità italiana in Istria per contestualizzarne i mutamenti di carattere linguistico e socioculturale che essa ha vissuto, in particolare dal secondo dopoguerra ad oggi. Sulla base di studi e indagini  recenti, vengono prese in esame le lingue e i dialetti parlati dalla comunità italiana, la realtà multilingue e multiculturale dell’Istria attuale,  le istituzioni italiane presenti nel territorio istriano e la loro attività finalizzata alla permanenza della lingua e cultura italiana nella regione. In particolare si ricostruisce la storia della scuola di lingua italiana, le sue origini, il suo declino dopo la cessione dell’Istria alla Yugolaslavia e durante i difficili e drammatici anni dell’esodo di molti italiano dalla regione, la sua rinascita ed evoluzione dal 1980 ad oggi. Delle scuole di lingua italiana, che attualmente operano sia nel territorio istriano che fa parte della Slovenia sia in quello che fa parte della Croazia, si analizza la loro distribuzione nella regione, la loro organizzazione, il ruolo della lingua italiana come materia, come lingua di scolarizzazione e come lingua straniera, i problemi, ancora aperti, della formazione degli insegnanti e dei libri di testo, e si valuta la loro possibilità di evoluzione e di sviluppo.     Italian language and Italian schools in the territory if Istria   This article briefly discusses, from the historical point of view, the Italian community in Istria to contextualize the linguistic and socio cultural changes that have taken place in the region, especially after WWII. Based on recent surveys and studies, languages and dialects spoken in the Italian community, the multilungual and multicultural reality of Istria are examined, as well as the Italian institutions in the Istrian territory and their efforts to conserve Italian language and culture in the area.  In particular, the history of

Decision making information systems and data base management; Applicazioni dei sistemi di supporto alle decisioni manageriali in un ente fortemente decentrato. Sviluppo di un prototipo per la valutazione di nuovi progetti

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minelle, F [Rome, Univ. ` La Sapienza` (Italy). Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali; Di Marco, R A [ENEA, Rome (Italy). Funzione Centrale Informatica; Belli, A

1997-01-01

In these years Information Technology has been used in activities that require an intelligent intervention. In this context take placing Decision Support Systems, since they use Information Technology to support users in decision processes, that is problems of logical level greater then problems normally treated by traditional information systems. The purpose of this work is to describe Decision Support Systems specifying what they are, their functionally and structure, identifying, furthermore, user types referred to and interaction modality between them; and to present a prototype of these systems. From a preliminary analyses phase of ENEA being and its Information Systems to understand which topics can be supported by systems of this type, it deals with one of these topics: weighing of new project, finding parameters, or key quantity, that affect and determine decisions. It describes, then, models, conceived form parameters, that permit to the user, through a simple representation of results, to evaluates advantages and disadvantages of a new project. From models, analyses of data necessary to models and from requisites of simplicity and use fullness of user interface, it has been carried out a prototype. For this purpose it has been followed the Sprague and Carlson model that provides a data base, a Model Base and a Software System. [Italiano] In questi anni si sta assistendo ad un utilizzo dell`informatica in attivita` che richiedono un intervento `intelligente`. In tale contesto si collocano i Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni, poiche` utilizzano le tecnologie informatiche per supportare l`utente in processi decisionali, quindi problemi di livello logico piu` elevato di quelli trattati dai tradizionali sistemi informativi. Il presente lavoro ha lo scopo di descrivere i Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni specificando cosa sono, le loro funzionalita` e la loro struttura, individuando, inoltre, i tipi di utenti a cui sono rivolti e le modalita` di interazione

Il MUDE Piemonte - modello unico digitale per l’edilizia: un progetto organizzativo

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Livio Mandrile

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Le tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione consentono di affrontare la reingegnerizzazione dei processi amministrativi attraverso servizi informatici definiti “di cooperazione applicativa”, aprendo nuove prospettive per semplificare il rapporto fra cittadino e Pubbliche Amministrazioni e agevolare lo scambio di documenti e informazioni. Il MUDE Piemonte – modello unico digitale per l’edilizia - è un sistema informativo realizzato attraverso la collaborazione di tutti i livelli di governo del territorio regionale, che crea un archivio digitale delle pratiche edilizie presentate allo Sportello per l’Edilizia, utilizzando il mezzo telematico per l’interazione fra professionista e Pubblica Amministrazione e l’interscambio informativo fra le banche dati amministrative. Il MUDE Piemonte è un sistema che realizza un ambiente operativo di fruizione / aggiornamento della base di dati territoriali ed amministrativi ad uso di più soggetti ed enti e in costante evoluzione in ragione dell’apporto progettuale offerto da tutti gli attori coinvolti nei procedimenti autorizzativi edilizi.

el territorio

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Mauricio Genet Guzmán Chávez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se exponen las implicacionesprácticas del discurso de la conservación de la biodiversidad en tanto política cultural. Trata de las formas como las comunidades, los moradores o los productores que viven en las áreas naturales protegidas pueden servirse del discurso de la biodiversidad en el proyecto de defensa de su territorio y su identidad cultural. Analiza y compara los casos de la reserva de la biosfera Los Tuxtlas, México, y de la reserva extractivista Chico Mendes, Brasil, áreas donde se discuten y se ponen en marcha diferentes alternativas y programas de manejo sustentable de los recursos naturales.

Relaciones entre patrimonio y territorio

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Horacio Torrent Schneider

2006-05-01

Esta condición del patrimonio también puede surgir de una intervención que pretendidamente haya asumido ambas escalas. Es decir que la acción sobre el territorio rural y urbano pueda ser entendida desde un punto de vista arquitectónico. Este ha sido el caso del Plan Serena. 

OpenQass: a european project to support quality assurance system for european vocational education

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Giovanni Fulantelli

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Un progetto che intende promuovere la cultura della qualità nell’Istruzione e Formazione Professionale, fornendo ai docenti/formatori supporto metodologico e strumenti open source per la gestione istituzionale e il miglioramento della qualità

Agenzia del Territorio, nuove argomentazioni su questioni classiche

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Renzo Carlucci

2011-04-01

Full Text Available L’epocale rinnovamento del Catasto Italiano avviato negli anni ’80 ha visto un seconda fase nel momento in cui venne creata l’Agenzia del Territorio agli inizi di questo millennio portando a termine la digitalizzazione delle 300.000 mappe che coprono l’intero territorio italiano, gestendo dinamicamente un sistema di punti di riferimento oggi collegabili ai sistemi satellitari di posizionamento e integrando tutti gli archivi connessi al sistema della proprietà immobiliare e dei  valori distribuiti sul territorio. Sei temi sono stati oggetto di un colloquio con la Direzione dell’Agenzia.Italian Land Agency for Cadastre, new trends on classical issuesThe renovation of the Italian Cadastre started in the years '80s and a second stage ar-rived when a new Land Agency was created at the beginning of this millennium reach-ing goals as the completion of the vectorization of 300,000 maps covering the entire Italian territory, managing dynamically a system of reference points now connected to GPS network and integrating all the databases connected to the system of land owner-ship and values across the country. Six themes were the subject of an interview with the Management Agency Director.

Agenzia del Territorio, nuove argomentazioni su questioni classiche

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Renzo Carlucci

2011-04-01

Full Text Available L’epocale rinnovamento del Catasto Italiano avviato negli anni ’80 ha visto un seconda fase nel momento in cui venne creata l’Agenzia del Territorio agli inizi di questo millennio portando a termine la digitalizzazione delle 300.000 mappe che coprono l’intero territorio italiano, gestendo dinamicamente un sistema di punti di riferimento oggi collegabili ai sistemi satellitari di posizionamento e integrando tutti gli archivi connessi al sistema della proprietà immobiliare e dei  valori distribuiti sul territorio. Sei temi sono stati oggetto di un colloquio con la Direzione dell’Agenzia. Italian Land Agency for Cadastre, new trends on classical issues The renovation of the Italian Cadastre started in the years '80s and a second stage ar-rived when a new Land Agency was created at the beginning of this millennium reach-ing goals as the completion of the vectorization of 300,000 maps covering the entire Italian territory, managing dynamically a system of reference points now connected to GPS network and integrating all the databases connected to the system of land owner-ship and values across the country. Six themes were the subject of an interview with the Management Agency Director.

Tourism is a Spatial Phenomenon Il turismo è un fenomeno spaziale

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Pasquale Boccagna

2010-11-01

chiarificazione del concetto di turismo e di prodotto turistico è risultata essenziale per spiegare in un certo senso le ragioni dell’offerta (perché nascono e si sviluppano le attività turistiche?, altrettanto significativa sembra l’opportunità di enucleare, tra le varie definizioni che sono state proposte nella letteratura specialistica, gli elementi caratteristici della destinazione turistica per arrivare alla spiegazione delle ragioni del management del sistema di offerta (prodotto complesso e globale. Le domande di fondo sono: Cosa spinge i turisti a partire dal luogo di abituale dimora per recarsi in una località che presenta caratteristiche naturali, ambientali e culturali completamente diverse dalla regione di partenza? Cosa fa trasformare un territorio in una destinazione? Perché alcuni flussi turistici prediligono determinate destinazioni rispetto alle altre? Quale è l’impatto sul piano della mobilità territoriale ed urbana? Il sistema dei trasporti può essere considerato una risorsa generatrice di vantaggi competitivi per una destinazione turistica? Il framework dell’articolo è rappresentato dalla teoria marshalliana del distretto industriale che pone il territorio e le sue risorse alla base dello sviluppo del sistema locale. Ad esso si tenta di sovrapporre il framework VRIO (Valore, Rarità, Inimitabilità, Organizzazione, derivato dalla Resource Based View, per stabilire se una determinata risorsa del territorio, nel caso di specie il sistemi di trasporto urbano ed extraurbano, può generare un vantaggio competitivo sostenibile e duraturo. Per l’analisi delle problematiche dell’impatto sul territorio delle politiche di sviluppo turistico e del Destination Management è utile il riferimento alla Stakeholder Theory ed un approccio Corporate Social Responsability (CSR. Date queste premesse, nel paper vengono esposti i vari contributi della letteratura specialistica sui sistemi turistici partendo dall’assunto di base che il turista è un soggetto

Scuola sul territorio: la testa nelle nuvole e i piedi ben piantati per terra

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Angelo Bardini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available L’Istituto Comprensivo di Cadeo e Pontenure, in provincia di Piacenza, porta avanti un’idea di scuola quale comunità inclusiva che costruisce, in accordo e in stretta collaborazione con le agenzie del territorio, progetti di sperimentazione didattica attraverso una riorganizzazione degli spazi e dei tempi di apprendimento e sfruttando le potenzialità offerte dalle nuove tecnologie (LIM, ipad. Ambienti rinnovati, spazi aperti, tempo scuola lungo, nuove metodologie didattiche: il tutto per dare ad ogni singolo alunno la possibilità di imparare in modo personale e soggettivo, proponendo a tal fine momenti di cooperazione e di individualizzazione, di attività laboratoriali e di tutoraggio. Una Scuola2.0 per affrontare in modo diverso e nuovo l’arte di insegnare, con l’attenzione sempre puntata sul soggetto in apprendimento che si muove in una realtà sociale in mutamento costante.

SCAN&GO Il nuovo modo di fare Topografia

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SCAN&GO S.R.L.

2013-04-01

Full Text Available L’articolo propone una nuova metodologia per il rilievotopografico del territorio che utilizza strumentazione laserscanner abbinata a ricevitori GPS. Il sistema, installato su autoveicolo in modalità “Rileva e Vai”, è studiato perottenere una definizione tridimensionale centimetrica disingole scansioni in un unico sistema di riferimento.Scan&Go is a new method for the topographical survey of the area using laser scanner combined with GPS receivers.The system, installed on vehicle mode "Detect and Go" (Patent Pending is designed to obtain a three-dimensional definition centimeter of individual scans into a single reference system.This methodology arises from the need to make faster and more productive use of the new systems terrestrial laser scanner in the field of traditional survey, stimulating the transition from the method of timely relief to that of the three-dimensional virtual reality allowing its use also in daily Topography classic.

Mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems; Mappa dei carichi critici di acidita' totale riferita al territorio italiano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonanni, P.; Brini, S.; Delmonaco, G.; Liburdi, C.; Trocciola, A.; Vetrella, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

In this report the mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems is presented. The level 0 method (Stockholm Environment Institute) has been used to determine sensitivity to acid deposition; this semi-quantitative method has been modified to address some Italian characteristics. The sensitivity of the Italian soils to acidification is not particularly elevated: there are really only few small areas with poor tolerance to acid depositions in the north-east Italy, Alpine and Prealpine region. [Italian] Nel presente relazione vengono riportati i risultati della mappatura riferita ad ecosistemi terrestri del territorio italiano, dei carichi critici per l'acidita' totale. Il calcolo dei carichi e' stato eseguito sulla base della metodologia messa a punto dallo Stockholm Environment Institute con alcune modifiche per adattarlo meglio alle caratteristiche del territorio italiano. Si dimostra che la sensibilita' dei suoli italiani all'acidificazione non sia particolarmente elevata: sono state riscontrate infatti solo alcune aree, peraltro con superficie limitata, con una scarsa tolleranza alle deposizioni acide nelle zone del Nord Est, in zona alpina e prealpina.

L’uso di piattaforme digitali collaborative nella prospettiva di un’amministrazione condivisa. Il progetto Miramap a Torino

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Cristina Coscia

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Lo scritto intende illustrare un approccio innovativo alla pianificazione urbana e all’Amministrazione condivisa basato sull’uso di piattaforme digitali collaborative PA/cittadino. Tale prospettiva è declinata nel progetto pilota MiraMap, a Torino, nella Circoscrizione Mirafiori Sud, di cui è responsabile un gruppo di ricerca del Politecnico di Torino. Il progetto implementa e sviluppa una precedente esperienza effettuata nel 2013 (Crowdmapping MirafioriSud, il cui scopo principale era quello di verificare se l'uso delle ICT potesse generare e supportare processi di inclusione sociale. Attraverso la lettura del processo MiraMap, degli obiettivi, della metodologia adottata, delle fasi e delle linee di azione vengono evidenziati ragionamenti di natura interdisciplinare e tecnica relativi a: la strutturazione dei rapporti con le Istituzioni, in particolare la Pubblica Amministrazione, nei processi di pianificazione e gestione dello spazio pubblico; l’innesco di processi di inclusione, partecipazione e di civic engagement; l’identificazione degli apporti che tali sperimentazioni possono generare nella costruzione di una rinnovata governance urbana. Il presente contributo delinea infine una possibile metodologia per il monitoraggio e la valutazione di impatto ex post, basata sulla Community Impact Analysis/Evaluation (CIA/CIE, che valuta in modo descrittivo gli impatti – pecuniari e non – originati dal progetto, in rapporto ai diversi soggetti coinvolti. L’impiego delle ICT può favorire processi di trasparenza e rafforzare l’accountability della PA, a condizione che la tecnologia sia fattore abilitante e non di esclusione. L’analisi puntuale del caso fornisce spunti di riflessione in merito a tale approccio innovativo: la relazione cittadino/PA può contribuire nel medio-lungo termine a veicolare impatti socio-economici positivi sul territorio, rendere il cittadino più informato e coinvolto e l’Amministrazione pi

Gis Day 2005

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Esri Italia Esri Italia

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Si è svolto nelle Marche, ad Urbino, città simbolo del legame tra scienza e Rinascimento, il GIS DAY 2005; l’evento ha avuto il patrocinio di DAMAC – INTERREG SECUR SEA ed il supporto di: Regione Marche - Giunta Regionale, Contea di Zara (Croazia, Centro di Geobiologia - Università di Urbino, Forum delle Città dell’Adriatico e dello Ionio e Adriatic Action Plan 2020 ed ha sviluppato il tema dedicato ad “Un GIS interoperabile e internazionale”.

Elecciones, territorios y conflictos

OpenAIRE

Alonso Espinal, Manuel Alberto

1997-01-01

El tema de este ensayo es la relación coyuntural existente entre elecciones, territorios y conflicto. Se trata de discutir la preocupación por la incidencia que sobre las regiones y la democracia tiene la política guerrillera tendiente a boicotear el debate electoral en Colombia. 120 municipios del país sin elecciones -54 de ellos en Antioquia-, la renuncia de 275 candidatos a alcaldías y 925 candidatos a concejos en las elecciones municipales pasadas, justifican esta preocupación. Sin embarg...

Il disegno gotico di San Giovanni Valdarno

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Maria Teresa Bartoli

2017-12-01

Full Text Available San Giovanni Valdarno è una città del Valdarno di Sopra, il cui attuale centro storico fu la prima delle terre nuove della Repubblica Fiorentina, fondata alla fine del XIII secolo. Le vicende storiche della trasformazione del nucleo murato originario sono state oggetto di molti studi, ma la logica del suo particolare disegno non è stata molto investigata. L’approccio archeologico è quindi giustificato dal fatto che, per ciò che riguarda la forma del progetto urbano originario, gli studi finora pubblicati non vanno molto oltre la definizione di «progettazione ortogonale», data da David Friedman, suo maggiore studioso. I giudizi su di essa si sono quindi attestati sulla generica attribuzione di virtù e difetti che la tradizione storiografica annette alla città medievale, applicando formule basate su paradigmi convenzionali.Volendo condurre la ricerca di una descrizione significativa del tessuto materiale della città attingendo a paradigmi appartenenti al momento della sua realizzazione, è stato condotto uno studio metrico sulla forma della città storica, con riferimento al sistema del braccio fiorentino, considerato come parametro di riferimento fondamentale per la comprensione di un manufatto di dimensione urbana. L’aspetto archeologico della ricerca consiste quindi nella ricostruzione complessa di un paradigma dimenticato dall’attuale tradizione storiografica, alla luce del quale emergono negli oggetti storici significati e valori caduti dalla memoria trasmessa.L’analisi, condotta sulla planimetria digitale con il supporto di documenti storici del ‘200 e del ‘500, ha fatto emergere l’ordine logico e continuo del disegno geometrico della città fondata, replicabile a mente (e perciò memorabile, messo in opera nella pianta urbana, rendendo esplicita la sua logica e le sue connessioni sia con la cultura scientifica del tempo, sia con la tradizione storica precedente, risalendo a Vitruvio. Ai fini di interpretare

EL PAISAJE COMO "PEDAGOGÍA DEL TERRITORIO"

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Joan Luisa de Tort

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen:Concepto clave de la geografia moderna, el  paisaje puede constituir, por su versatilidad y por su vocación integradora, una herramienta de primer orden para el estudio y el conocimiento geográfico. En este artículo exploramos algunas de las posibilidades que ofrece de cara a lo que hemos denominado unapedagogia del territorio. A tal fin hacemos en primer lugar unas consideraciones i teóricas, que nos permiten establecer que el paisaje, en su origen, es un concepto de raíz inequívocamente unitaria. En segundo lugar,  y situados ya en un nivel práctico, proponemos una utilización del paisaje como "forma de aproximación" a la diversidad geográfica de Cataluña. Por último, dentro de una escala de mayor detalle, y en el marco especifico de la región de L'Emporda (Girona, formulamos un esquema básico para el estudio del paisaje tomando los nombres de lugar, o topónimos, como referente geográfico fundamental.Palabras clave: Paisaje, territorio, léxico geográfico, etimología, Cataluña, Emporda.Abstract: A key concept in modm geography, the landscape is, because of its versatility and its integrative nature, and ideal tool with which to study the territory. This article explores the possibilities of using the landscape in what we cal1 the "pedagogy of temtory". After the consideration of different theoretical questions, the exploration is conducted at a douhle level: at a general scale, which here corresponds to that of Catalonia, and at a specifically local scale, which corresponds to the  comarca of Emporda (Girona, from the point of view of its toponymy.KEY WORDS: Landscape, land, toponjmy, etymology, Catalonia, Emporda.RÉSUMÉ:Concept clé de la géographie modeme, le paysage est pour sa versatilité et pour sa vocation intégrante un outil convenable pour I'étude du temtoire. Dans cet article nous explorons les possihilités qu'il ofie face a ce que nous appelons 'pédagogie du temtoire'. Aprks quelques consid

Territorio y Poder: La reivindicación territorial de los indígenas de la amazonia boliviana

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Gabriela Canedo Vásquez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo pretende mostrar la centralidad que tiene el territorio y la demanda territorial para los grupos indígenas de la amazonia boliviana. El territorio tiene un papel importante en la reproducción cultural y en la organización política. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la provincia Mojos del departamento del Beni, y muestra que el manejo territorial itinerante y la percepción del territorio que tenían los grupos indígenas se ha transformado a partir del marco estatal –concretamente desde la ley INRA–. Hoy en día los indígenas demandan títulos de propiedad de los espacios ocupados, ante el avasallamiento de los blancos/karayanas. Es así que aquella concepción ilimitada del territorio, propio de los pueblos panindios, se ha transformado, pues en la actualidad los indígenas perciben un territorio limitado, cercado por propiedades privadas. Sin embargo, el territorio al convertirse en una de las demandas centrales de la organización indígena, es el elemento que les permite posicionarse políticamente en un escenario local y nacional.

Inicio de la época reproductiva y tiempo de defensa del territorio en machos de Colinus leucopogon (Galliformes: Odontophoridae

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Luis Sandoval

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Los factores que determinan el inicio de la época reproductiva, y la relación entre el tiempo que un macho de Colinus leucopogon defiende su territorio con el éxito reproductivo del mismo son desconocidos. Por lo tanto aquí se reporta el efecto de variables climáticas sobre el inicio de la época reproductiva, y el efecto de la duración de los machos en su territorio con el éxito de adquirir pareja. También se analiza la relación entre la duración de los machos en su territorio con las características del canto y el territorio. Precipitaciones superiores a 14.3mm en marzo determinaron el inicio de la época reproductiva. Esto favoreció el incremento de alimento y sitios para anidar, lo que podría incrementar el éxito reproductivo de la especie. La duración de los machos dentro de su territorio no se asoció con la adquisición de pareja, debido a que machos que logran emparejarse duraron un tiempo similar en sus territorios, que machos que no se emparejaron. Las características del canto y el territorio tampoco se relacionaron con la duración del macho dentro de su territorio. Por lo tanto esto puede ser otra causa para que no se haya encontrado una relación entre la duración del macho en su territorio con la formación de parejas, ya que las características del canto son las que más influyen en la formación de parejas en esta especie.

Critical load of acid precipitations. Mapping of Italian regions; Mappa dei carichi critici di acidita' totale riferita al territorio italiano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonanni, P.; Brini, S.; Delmonaco, G.; Liburdi, R.; Trocciola, A.; Vetrella, G. [ENEA Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

In this report the mapping of critical loads of acidity for the Italian terrestrial ecosystems is presented. The level O method (Stockholm Environment Institute) has been used to determine sensitivity to acid deposition; this semi-quantitative method has been modified to address some Italian characteristics. The results show that the sensitivity of the Italian soils to acidification is not particularly elevated: there are really only few small areas with poor tolerance to acid depositions. These areas are in the north-east of Italy, in Alpine and Prealpine region. [Italian] Nel rapporto vengono riportati i risultati della mappatura, riferita agli ecosistemi terrestri del territorio italiano, dei carichi critici per l'acidita' totale. Il calcolo dei carichi critici e' stato eseguito sulla base della metodologia messa a punto dallo Stokholm Environment Institute; a questo metodo semi-quantitativo sono state apportate alcune modifiche per meglio adattarlo alle caratteristiche del territorio italiano. Dall'analisi dei risultati ottenuti, si evince come la sensibilita' dei suoli italiani all'acidificazione non sia particolarmente elevata: sono state riscontrate infatti solo alcune aree, peraltro con superficie limitata, con una scarsa tolleranza alle deposizioni acide. Tali aree sono localizzate nell'Italia nord-orientale, in zona alpina e prealpina.

Reti di città, mobilità e ambiente: il Preliminare di PTCP di Avellino

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Carmela Gargiulo

2010-02-01

Full Text Available  L’articolo propone la lettura dei contenuti del Preliminare del PTCP di Avellino, un piano per molti aspetti innovativo, soprattutto per aver coniugato pianificazione di area vasta di tipo tradizionale e logica “strategica”. In particolare, l’articolo descrive idee guida, contenuti e strategie del piano orientate, prevalentemente, a stimolare lo sviluppo sostenibile di un’area in ritardo di sviluppo come la provincia irpina, attraverso la salvaguardia e valorizzazione delle risorse naturali e storico-culturali, la costruzione di reti di medie e piccole città e reti di mobilità alle diverse scale, da quella urbana a quella internazionale, e interventi sul sistema della mobilità. Nel 2004, ormai più di cinque anni fa, è stato adottato, a maggioranza assoluta (solo due gli astenuti, il Preliminare di Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento della Provincia di Avellino, dopo un lavoro di oltre due anni che ha visto impegnati gli uffici provinciali con due dipartimenti universitari. Il lavoro, che va ben oltre il significato e la valenza di un preliminare e che coniuga due pratiche di piano diverse (quella tradizionale e quella strategica ruota attorno a tre idee di fondo, tra loro strettamente interrelate, che costituiscono i criteri guida che finora ha inteso seguire la provincia di Avellino nell’attività di governo delle trasformazioni. Tali idee, quindi, costituiscono le fondamenta su cui è stato costruito il Preliminare e sono la griglia di specificazione delle strategie e degli obiettivi di piano. Esse sono alla base delle scelte elaborate per lo sviluppo compatibile del territorio, e sono riferibili alle azioni operative di trasformazione del territorio che gli Enti locali, cui è demandato tale compito, nel prossimo futuro dovranno affrontare. Le tre idee forza del Preliminare, descritte nel seguito, sono riferibili ai sistemi di risorse principali della provincia di Avellino, oggetto di una indagine analitico

Il valore del territorio, non il prezzo

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Daniela Cavallo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The value of the territory, not the price, as a place to live, including tools urban planning and landscape protection. A proposal, the guide / head-up plan, for the exploitation of a territory, about de-centering sew up. It should be noted that it is not used sata a disciplinary perspective “management” rather of Architecture and Regional Planning, these contaminated by a vision that seeks for some years now to borrow the thought of doing business within the design of the area in a contamination that is good, that can bring ideas to solve the problems of exploitation of territories that too often seek theoretical solutions for acting watertight compartments. The heritage of which we are heirs have all those variables that are the definition of Territory architect Alberto Magnaghi, definition often used by those who do Local Marketing, as a starting point. Find the streets active and operative where contamination between different disciplines and has the parallel exercise obiettio of this paper, whereas managementi urban architecture, planning economy, restoration, tend all have a common goal to preserve value and to promote the area to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants, who are permanent or occasional.

Il nuovo ortofotopiano del Comune di Venezia nell’Infrastruttura dei dati Territoriali di Base (ITB

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Paolo Barbieri

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Il Comune di Venezia, nell’ambito delle attività per lo sviluppo del proprio Sistema Informativo Territoriale, ha messo a punto e avviato a realizzazione uno specifico progetto per la costruzione di un’Infrastruttura di dati Territoriali di Base (ITB. Il progetto, che ha visto il coinvolgimento dei vari Uffici comunali interessati, dellaRegione del Veneto e dell’Agenzia del Territorio, si è sviluppato a partire dal 2002 con gli studi di fattibilità, cui è seguita nel 2003 la fase della progettazione esecutiva e quindi, a partire dal 2004, dell’attuazione. Attualmente le componenti dell’infrastruttura sono state realizzate e si sta procedendo alla definizione di una piattaforma tecnologica per la gestione e l’utilizzo della ITB, basata su di un Geo-DBMS e meccanismi di interoperabilità, con l’obiettivo di interfacciare le diverse applicazioni gestionali presenti in Comune. Nel presente articolo si intende presentare il modello concettuale di riferimento ed evidenziare, in particolare, il ruolo in esso svolto dalle immagini ortofotografiche.

e-Lector

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Marina Boscaino

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La scuola e' di fronte al problema dell'adozione di libri di testo su supporto digitale. Anche in questo settore non e' mancata la tradizionale divaricazione che caratterizza l'opzione tecnologica o il suo rifiuto ideologico tra "integrati" e "apocalittici": entusiasti sostenitori i primi; demonizzatori inflessibili gli altri.

Paisaje, territorio, emoción

OpenAIRE

Linaza Iglesias, Marta; Mañero Rodicio, Javier

2017-01-01

Las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas vinculadas al paisaje tienen desde su aparición un fuerte componente corporal. El cuerpo interviene, si es que no es directamente depositario de sus aspiraciones. Así, por mucho que desde posturas recientes se pretenda reducir la experiencia del paisaje a la más política del territorio, la pulsión esencialista con que nacieron aquellas prácticas, permanece. No se trataría de negar una aproximación crítica y territorializada, sino de recuperar la esencia...

Música y fiesta en la construcción del territorio nasa (Colombia

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Carlos Miñana Blasco

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El pueblo nasa , en el sur occ idente andino de Colombia, reafirma y construye a diario sus territorios no sólo por medios legales, trabajando o luchando por la tierra, sino también con ritos, fiestas, música y bailes. Este artículo, basado en un trabajo de campo de varios años, señala vínculos significativos y continuidades entre los territorios de los cacicazgos precolombinos y las fronteras delimitadas y celebradas por las actuales prácticas rituales y musicales.

Memoria y territorio quilombola en Brasil

OpenAIRE

Larrea Killinger, Cristina; Ruíz-Peinado, José Luis

2004-01-01

El proceso de legalización del territorio qilombola ha abierto un debate político y social que parte del reconocimiento de la deuda histórica que el estado brasileño ha tenido con los descendientes de esclavos. Este nuevo derecho ha potenciado la definición y redefinición de conceptos de identificación de las comunidades mocambeiras, tales como "quilombolas", "comunidades de remanentes quilombolas", "comunidades negras rurales", "terras de pretos", etc. Distintos actores sociales han pa...

El territorio cultural en real de catorce-wirikuta

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Guadalupe Salazar-González

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo expondrá el caso de la región Real de Catorce-Wirikuta, que incluye no sólo el poblado de dicho nombre (con población mestiza local y nacional, y extranjeros sino el territorio conocido como Wirikuta, que es la zona sagrada del pueblo indígena Wirrárika (conocido comúnmente como huicholes, además del entorno natural con fauna y flora endémica y otros asentamientos como son minas, socavones de minas, hacienda de beneficio minero, pueblos y rancherías, algunos habitados por población mestiza y otros abandonados. La idea es hacer la identificación del territorio, de su caracterización, funcionamiento y lo que le depara su futuro, pues actualmente está amenazado por: la explotación minera cielo abierto y el beneficio con cianuro (sistema metalúrgico; por el turismo “cultural peyotero” y religioso; por el tráfico de fauna silvestre; y por la llegada de pobladores de otras culturas. Las bases para ello están en la geografía, la historia de la apropiación del espacio geográfico por diversos grupos culturales e intereses y las prácticas sociales: su uso profano y sagrado; su uso cotidiano y cíclico; su significación y resignificación social; y el ejercicio del dominio territorial, la propiedad y la legislación que ahí opera. Todo lo cual manifiesta los diversos modos de vida, cosmovisión, usos y apropiación del territorio, y la relación con la naturaleza que cada cultura tiene, y por tanto entran en confrontación por el dominio del mismo espacio, pero sobre todo revela la incomprensión de el otro en todos esos aspectos.

Trasformazione urbana verso la mobilità dolce: il caso di Istanbul

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Emilia Giovanna Trifiletti

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Nell’articolo si descrivono le recenti trasformazioni urbane della città di Istanbul in Turchia in relazione all’implementazione di aree pedonali e all’utilizzo di mobilità dolce. Il sistema trasportistico è stato ampliato ed integrato di recente ed in tempi molto brevi: nei soli ultimi due anni è stata potenziata la linea tranviaria, sono state inaugurate una funicolare ed una teleferica ed è stata realizzata una stazione di interscambio gomma-ferro, ponendo grande attenzione all’integrazione del trasporto su ferro e/o gomma con la mobilità pedonale. Allo stesso modo sono state implementate le linee marittime che collegano le diverse sponde della città ed integrate alle linee su ferro e su gomma. Lo sviluppo e la riqualificazione della città sono dunque stati guidati dalla trasformazione del sistema trasportistico che ha rappresentato il vero motore della riqualificazione urbana. L’antico quartiere di Sultanahmet è stato interamente riqualificato e collegato, attraverso la linea tranviaria veloce che lo attraversa interamente, al resto della città fino ai quartieri più periferici. Allo stesso modo nel quartiere di Beyoglu che, dopo l’indipendenza era caduto in totale rovina, ha riacquistato l’antica eleganza che lo connotava. Il viale dell’Indipendenza (antica Rue De Pera che attraversa tutto il quartiere è stato reso pedonale e con un tram vintage che percorre tutto il viale sono stati collegati il nodo di interscambio Taksim, dotato di metropolitana e funicolare, con il nodo di interscambio Tünel, dotato di tram veloce e trasporto su gomma. Nell’articolo si è inteso evidenziare come la riqualificazione urbana della città sia stata guidata da interventi integrati trasporto/territorio e come i risultati ottenuti, nel caso-studio, siano stati anche il frutto di politiche attente alla sicurezza sociale.

Integrazione di tecniche informatiche per la conservazione della Memoria Storica. Il centro urbano di S. Pietro Infine.

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Michela Cigola

2012-11-01

Full Text Available La sperimentazione che si presenta in questo articolo è un corollario delle esperienze condotte con le ricerche PRIN 2006 e PRIN 2008, che avevano come focus l’uso e l’approfondimento dei Sistemi Informativi territoriali, che il nostro gruppo ha testato a diverse scale trovando in essi un validissimo supporto all’analisi ed al rilievo. Abbiamo pensato di far dialogare i sistemi GIS con la tecnologia laser scanner, strumenti uno per rappresentare e l’altro per rilevare basandoci sul fatto che entrambi gli approcci operativi, GIS e Scanner Laser trattano elementi topologici [punti] proiettati in determinati Datum cartografici. In sintesi si propone di individuare una procedura in grado di confrontare/leggere il modello 3D-Digital Surface Model (DSM, risultato dell’elaborazione della nuvola di punti georeferenziati acquisiti con la scansione, all’interno di strutture G.I.S. verificando la possibilità di associare ad esso, banche di dati complesse con contenuti che riguardano anche gli elementi del rilievo tradizionale. In questo modo si tenta di informatizzare la conoscenza singolare e sistemica di architetture o nuclei urbani e la rappresentazione con modelli 3D interattivi risultati di un rilievo strumentale. La sperimentazione sarà condotta sul centro urbano di San Pietro Infine, in provincia di Caserta, tessuto urbano di grande interesse, poiché è rimasto immutato dal momento in cui fu distrutto dai bombardamenti alleati durante l’ultima guerra.

Video e comunicazione scientifica. Il laboratorio MELA dell’Università di Bologna

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Laura Corazza

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Al Media Education e-learning LAboratorio del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’educazione e della Facoltà di Scienze della formazione, Università di Bologna, un gruppo di esperti e di tecnici svolge attività di supporto alla didattica e alla ricerca, lavorando con i docenti per produrre audiovisivi e materiali multimediali. I prodotti MELA sono video per l’approfondimento culturale, per la produzione scientifica, per la documentazione.

La incorporación de los territorios nacionales en el proceso de consolidación del estado argentino. El caso del territorio de la Pampa Central

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Marisa Moroni

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En la mayoría de los escritos de la élite letrada argentina del XIX, se identificó a la civilización como una manifestación de la identidad nacional, supuesto que las llevó a legitimar su función civilizadora y a impulsar el proceso de consolidación del Estado que requería la ocupación total del territorio, aún en manos de los indígenas a los que se responsabilizaba, junto con los caudillos, del fracaso de la unificación nacional. Desde las estructuras del poder estatal, se definió a los nuevos territorios como espacios vírgenes con infinitas posibilidades y ventajas económicas para explotar. Este argumento político atrajo pobladores -nacionales y extranjeros- que ocuparon y encaminaron la organización productiva de las futuras provincias. En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación al proceso de incorporación y posterior organización institucional de las tierras fronterizas incorporadas con la "Conquista al Desierto". En particular, se analiza la estructura político-administrativa del Territorio Nacional de la Pampa Central, constituido como tal en 1884, con el establecimiento de las primeras autoridades militares destinadas a fundar poblaciones y administrarlas políticamente.

Patrimonialización del territorio y territorialización del patrimonio

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Celia Martínez Yáñez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Una de las nuevas tendencias en la gestión de los bienes culturales y naturales que están transformando la noción tradicional de patrimonio y las bases que rigen su tutela es la fusión de diversos tipos de bienes y masas patrimoniales presentes en un mismo territorio. Esta fusión se está llevando a cabo a través de dos complicados procesos: la caracterización patrimonial del territorio y la caracterización territorial del patrimonio. En este artículo pretendemos ahondar en las diferencias existentes entre ambas, poniendo de manifiesto los aspectos positivos y negativos que tienen desde el punto de vista de la tutela del patrimonio.

Supported liquid membrane stability in chiral resolution by chemically and physically modified membranes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molinari, R.; Argurio, P. [Arcavata di Rende Univ. of Calabria, Arcavata di Rende, CS (Italy). Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering

2001-04-01

a quella con supporto tal quel, in un processo di interesse per l'industria chimica e/o biochimica, sono state realizzate delle prove di risoluzione di DNB-DL-Leucina in un sistema a ricircolo. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato una migliore idrofilizzazione della superficie operando con il metodo chimico e una stabilita' migliore nel caso del supporto solfonato. Comunque, nelle condizioni operative e' stata riscontrata una stabilita' del supporto non trattato leggermente maggiore di quella ottenuta con supporto modificato.

Pensar e intervenir el territorio a traves de la Teoria del Actor-Red

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Juan E. Cabrera

2011-03-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las coincidencias entre la forma de ver el territorio como red, algunas posturas teóricas sobre su concepto y la teoría del actor-red. Sobre lo anterior se centra en proponer una forma de entender las relaciones entre actores cuando se va a intervenir el territorio a través de políticas públicas como la planificación utilizando un modelo de gestión territorial a través de las orientaciones de la TAR.   

Technical Consensus and Integration between Transport and Territory: the Bagnoli Project Consenso tecnico e integrazione trasporti-territorio: il Progetto Bagnoli

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Antonio Di Luccio

2011-02-01

integrazione trasporti-territorio derivano non solo da un rigoroso iter progettuale, ma soprattutto da una articolata, lunga e spesso difficile attività di costruzione del consenso tecnico. Sono necessari più incontri, verifiche sul campo, rilievi, analisi specialistiche, ma anche di un tempo certo di chiusura di fasi significative del procedimento, scongiurando il rischio di un tempo infinito di discussione che non è mai compatibile con i tempi del finanziamento. La definizione del tracciato, ad esempio, è un momento di sintesi di molteplici istanze che devono essere accolte, che non trovano mai risoluzione immediata, ma solo dopo un iter ricorsivo che mette a posto prima i tasselli più grandi e via via quelli più piccoli del mosaico che si va a comporre. È un lavoro di squadra che coinvolge molteplici discipline e un gran numero di professionisti, che devono lavorare in stretto contatto, avendo cura che le informazioni circolino nella maniera corretta, che ci sia trasparenza e chiarezza nelle decisioni che man mano vengono adottate e che queste determinazioni siano note a tutti; tutti devono avere la disponibilità a rivedere parte del proprio lavoro o in casi estremi a ripartire daccapo. Una prima necessaria  fase di confronto ha riguardato il tracciato planimetrico e la quota del ferro. Nel corso di numerosi incontri, verifiche e fasi di valutazione tecnica, vengono studiate alternative di progetto, scartate tutte le ipotesi di tratti in trincea e a raso, scelta la sola realizzazione in galleria che partendo da Campegna prosegue lungo il Parco dello sport, raggiunge Acciaieria, Città della Scienza e Porta del Parco servendo di fatto i punti nodali dell’area. Tra i tanti, due aspetti ingegneristici sono affrontati nel corso del progetto: la fornitura di energia elettrica e di acqua per la metropolitana, le interferenze del tracciato con grossi collettori fognari presenti nella zona. A raso, invece di rilievo l’integrazione architettonico-paesaggistica delle

Epistemología de la ordenación del territorio. Enfoque geopolítico

OpenAIRE

Lafont Mendizabal, Antxon

2014-01-01

616 p. La tesis presenta un novedoso enfoque geopolítico de la ordenación del territorio desde las primeras civilizaciones a la actualidad. La prospección epistemológica determina un sugestivo abanico de interpretación de 'tipos de ordenación del territorio' para, finalmente, proponer una metodología de ordenación, concepción, preparación y realización de operaciones de ordenación territorial en el contexto de un 'Nuevo Contrato Social' fundamentado en el nuevo paradigma del desarrollo sos...

Comunidades y territorio en la costa del Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Guerrero Burgos, Rafael

2012-01-01

Se propone una definición teórica de la comunidad territorial sustentada en el concepto de identificación y la teoría del desarrollo rural territorial con el objeto de analizar las principales cadenas productivas que surcan la costa centro sur del Ecuador. Además se estudia a los principales movimientos agrarios que caracterizan un territorio que es sobre todo agrario y rural.

y el territorio

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Fernando Gordillo Bedoya

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo busca una comprensión del concepto «hábitat», a partir de la interpretación de los fenómenos de urbanización y de mutación en la ciudad y el territorio, tomando como punto de partida las experiencias del arquitecto holandés Rem Koolhaas con un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Harvard, analizando las permutaciones en el desarrollo de las ciudades, junto a la apertura fronteriza, a revolución tecnológica, las nuevas tendencias en el estilo de vida, uso del tiempo, del espacio y en los hábitos de consumo. Se concluye que, para entender la complejidad del hábitat hay que vislumbrar su relación con los ecosistemas, en la fragmentación del espacio y en la segregación social, que obligan a un aumento de las mutaciones relacionadas con la capacidad de información, gestión, transporte y control.

CIUDADANÍA Y TERRITORIO: ESCENARIO PARA LA FORMACIÓN CIUDADANA

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Alberto Gutiérrez Tamayo

2009-08-01

Full Text Available La democracia se ha convertido en la alternativa posible y deseable para alcanzar el bienestar general y mejorar la calidad de vida de una población territorialmente ubicada; lograrla exige vincular activamente a todos sus actores y a sus fuerzas vivas a los procesos que conducen a estas metas. Para que esta democracia sea posible, se requiere de ciudadanos dispuestos a ejercer la ciudadanía y a transformar positivamente su realidad. Estos ciudadanos no nacen, se hacen y se forman arraigados a su territorio. Lograr este tipo de ciudadanos exige, entre otras cosas, apelar a procesos conscientes, mediante el sistema educativo, que les permita a los involucrados conocer, comprender y poner en práctica el potencial de la formación ciudadana como estrategia pedagógica para gestarlos, fomentar la ciudadanía y fortalecer la democracia. Surgen así ciudadanía, territorio y formación ciudadana, como soportes para construir democracia.

Reflexiones sobre los territorios de la espacialidad turística

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Francisco Fernando Beltrán Valcárcel

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El souvenir, cuya máxima expresión es la bola de nieve o snow globe, pequeños mundos cerrados y en miniatura que encapsulan la experiencia real, trata de satisfacer el anhelo nostálgico del turista, nos muestra una imagen sintética de un espacio geográfico congelado. Sin embargo, el territorio que reduce y caricaturiza se encuentra muy lejos de ese estado, se halla en ebullición. Los territorios de la espacialidad turística experimentan profundas transformaciones y mutaciones cuando son alcanzados por las dinámicas insostenibles del turismo de masas. Y las ciudades, como máxima expresión de las sociedades, dan cuenta de estos complejos procesos, compitiendo a escala global para posicionarse como destinos, convirtiéndose en parques temáticos, paisajes urbanos banalizados y que han visto adulterados su carácter y fisionomía de manera irreversible.

TERRITORIO Y PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL Y COMUNITARIA, TRAYECTORIAS/IMPLICACIONES POLÍTICAS Y EPISTEMOLÓGICAS

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Santiago Conti

Full Text Available RESUMEN "Territorio" es un concepto originado en el campo disciplinar de la Geografía, que a lo largo del siglo XX ha ido reformulándose según las distintas corrientes del pensamiento social. Es factible reconocer que en la actualidad dicho concepto ha trascendido su ámbito disciplinar y es utilizado profusamente en el campo de las ciencias sociales, en general, y en la Psicología Social y Comunitaria, en particular. Trascendiendo el encuadre disciplinar de la geografía, el presente trabajo se propone realizar un recorrido analítico para comprender las implicancias políticas y epistemológicas que supone el uso del concepto "territorio" para la Psicología Social y Comunitaria. Se sostendrá que lejos de lo que los recortes disciplinares efectúan, "territorio" es un concepto que no está ni ha estado alguna vez exento de determinados supuestos psicosociales; supuestos que desde el presente artículo serán evidenciados considerando las íntimas relaciones entre las disciplinas en cuestión.

Productividad local y reconversión de infraestructura hacia un territorio industrial sostenible: Canadá-Colombia

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Adriana P. López-Valencia

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Este texto aborda el análisis de dos casos sobre la consoli­dación de nueva infraestructura en territorios industriales. El primero, trata la reconversión de infraestructura indus­trial en espacios intraurbanos de Montreal-Quebec, Cana­dá, generada durante el proceso de mejoramiento tecnoló­gico propiciado por el tránsito de la sociedad-industrial a la sociedad del conocimiento. Asimismo, se identificaron estrategias de estructuración local del territorio que reco­nocen el papel de cada actor en la construcción de iden­tidad, bajo modelos productivos sostenibles. El segundo caso, se concentra en estudiar la consolidación de infraes­tructura industrial en Yumbo-Valle, Colombia, sugiriendo estrategias locales para lograr el éxito en su incorporación como un territorio sostenible.

La geografía del paisaje y el territorio cultural de Los Millares

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Gusi i Jener, Francesc

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.

La falta de estudios relacionados con una arqueogeografía del territorio cultural del grupo social de Los Millares no permite valorar debidamente las interrelaciones estrechas existentes entre una estructura socio-económica y el medio geográfico en donde se desarrolla. Aún a pesar de los escasos datos paleoambientales que se poseen de los distintos asentamientos pertenecientes a la Cultura de Los Millares, los autores piensan que existió una mayor pluviosidad, así como también una más amplia cobertura forestal en todo el territorio de la Andalucía oriental y Murcia, y por tanto una climatología y paisaje geográfico distintos al actual. Por otro lado, la historia de la investigación en la Geografía, se polarizó desde sus orígenes en torno a quienes deseaban que esta disciplina se conectase estrechamente con la antropología y la historia, y de aquellos otros autores que creían que su estudio debía incidir en aspectos puramente fisiográficos, independientemente de la acción humana en el medio natural. También se subraya la falta de una mayor cooperación entre arqueólogos y geógrafos a la hora de enfocar conjuntamente problemas de investigación en áreas territoriales ocupadas durante los períodos culturales desarrollados a lo largo del Holoceno. Por otra parte, la aparición de la Arqueología Espacial como corriente de investigación ligada a la geografía del territorio y las distintas posiciones ideológicas y metodológicas de la arqueología prehistórica, muchas veces muy semejantes a las suscitadas entre los geógrafos, permiten paralelizar muchos aspectos de ambas disciplinas, ligadas estrechamente a las ciencias de la Tierra y el Hombre. [fr] L'absence d'études en relation a une archéogeographie du territoire culturel du groupe social de Los Millares, ne permet pas évaluer comme il faut les interrelations tres proches existentes entre une structure socio-économique et le milieu g

El ordenamiento territorial a partir de la producción social del territorio. Caso de estudio: Parque de la 93.

OpenAIRE

Aulestia Obregón, Juan Felipe

2014-01-01

El territorio, como una representación de la sociedad, manifiesta relaciones poder y situaciones de confrontación entre las clases sociales que lo habitan, consolidando escenarios funcionales a éstas. A continuación se analiza la forma en la que incide la producción social del territorio en el ordenamiento territorial, en el caso de la transformación del Parque de la 93. La ordenación del territorio no surge de manera espontánea, sino que responde a unos intereses por localizar espacios de pr...

Scuolavisione: ipervideo e formazione professionale

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Alberto Cattaneo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Che l’uso dell’immagine possa avere un ruolo interessante nel contesto scolastico non è certo una novità, e più volte la scuola ha tentato – con alterne vicende – di sfruttare questa potenzialità. Lo stesso potremmo dire sia avvenuto con la multimedialità, e in particolare con il ricorso ai collegamenti ipertestuali per riprodurre una logica reticolare piuttosto che lineare. Cosa succede però quando tentiamo di combinare le due possibilità in un’unica soluzione? È possibile integrare in un supporto multimediale materiali audiovisivi e di altro genere? Come è possibile utilizzare tale supporto per l’insegnamento? È lecito aspettarsi degli effetti positivi sull’apprendimento?Da interrogativi come questi nasce Scuolavisione, un progetto che vuole sfruttare la possibilità di rendere interattivi brevi estratti video, al fine di favorire l’apprendimento, realizzando la duplice ambizione di permettere a tutti i docenti di personalizzare e strutturare materiale da utilizzare durante le proprie attività didattiche e di condividere con i colleghi gli stessi materiali. Il contributo presenta nel dettaglio gli strumenti offerti dal progetto e le prospettive future.

La secesión de territorios no coloniales y el soberanismo catalán

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Carmen López-Jurado Romero de la Cruz

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizará la problemática de la secesión de territorios no coloniales a la luz de los principios estructurales del Derecho internacional y sobre la base de un análisis de la práctica de los Estados. En lo que se refiere al Derecho de la UE, se analizará en qué condiciones un territorio que se segrega de un Estado miembro, como podría ser eventualmente el de Cataluña, puede pertenecer a esta organización internacional, y si existen precedentes en la materia.

Genetic characterization of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18) with relevant biological roles in lagomorphs

Science.gov (United States)

Neves, Fabiana; Abrantes, Joana; Almeida, Tereza; de Matos, Ana Lemos; Costa, Paulo P

2015-01-01

ILs, as essential innate immune modulators, are involved in an array of biological processes. In the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18 have been implicated in inflammatory processes and in the immune response against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and myxoma virus infections. In this study we characterized these ILs in six Lagomorpha species (European rabbit, pygmy rabbit, two cottontail rabbit species, European brown hare and American pika). Overall, these ILs are conserved between lagomorphs, including in their exon/intron structure. Most differences were observed between leporids and American pika. Indeed, when comparing both, some relevant differences were observed in American pika, such as the location of the stop codon in IL-1α and IL-2, the existence of a different transcript in IL8 and the number of cysteine residues in IL-1β. Changes at N-glycosylation motifs were also detected in IL-1, IL-10, IL-12B and IL-15. IL-1α is the protein that presents the highest evolutionary distances, which is in contrast to IL-12A where the distances between lagomorphs are the lowest. For all these ILs, sequences of human and European rabbit are more closely related than between human and mouse or European rabbit and mouse. PMID:26395994

Los actores sociales y el territorio: elementos a tener en cuenta en un plan de ordenamiento territorial

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Enrique Hugo Fabregat

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar como los actores sociales y la sociedadintervienen en un determinado territorio, en este caso el Valle Inferior del RíoNegro, a partir de transformar y organizar al mismo a través de cambios tanto desde lo temporal como desde lo espacial e identificar a los mismos como elementos a tener en cuenta en un proceso de ordenamiento territorial.El territorio es una construcción social, por lo tanto intervienen en él, diferentes actores que actúan en distintas escalas y hacen que el escenario adquiera mayor o menor complejidad en forma permanente, de acuerdo a las acciones que estos actores realizan.En el caso del Valle Inferior del Río Negro, estos actores sociales, vienenconstruyendo este territorio desde hace mucho tiempo. Es posible hacer unseguimiento de sus trayectorias de construcción del territorio, desde lapresencia de los pueblos originarios en la zona hasta nuestros días.Las acciones que cada uno de los grupos de actores sociales hicieron sobreeste territorio dejaron marcas, que hasta el día de hoy es posible observar,como por ejemplo los cementerios de pueblos Tehuelches, localizados en lallanura del valle del río.Hay que destacar que todos estos procesos, sirven además para poder pensar, discutir y elaborar Políticas Públicas que colaboren en un Plan deOrdenamiento Territorial para el Valle Inferior del Río Negro.En cuanto a los aspectos metodológicos, el trabajo se realizo a partir delanálisis del territorio y la identificación en el mismo de las diferentes unidadesde paisaje, las que surgen del proceso de construcción social. Para ello se tuvo en cuenta en primer lugar las características más relevantes y significativas de cada sector y, en segundo lugar se describió la parte visible del espacio que es el paisaje actual del valle.

Un sistema informatizzato integrato altamente efficiente per la gestione di acquedotto, depurazione e fognatura

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Sabina Tettamanzi

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Grazie al software Autodesk Topobase, Acqualatina SpA ha implementato un modello infrastrutturale completo e interoperabile, per ottimizzare le decisioni aziendali, le richieste di assistenza e il supporto ai clienti. L’uso di un sistema GIS avanzato permette di passare da una gestione emergenziale a posteriori a una vera e propria gestione delle infrastrutture territoriali.

Il fenomeno abachistico a supporto dei cambiamenti socio-economici: Arezzo tra il XIII ed il XVI secolo = The role of the abacus tradition for the economic and social development of the society: evidence from Tuscany (Italy between XIII and XVI century

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Maria Pia Maraghini

2011-12-01

techniques to do arithmetic operations and practical rules to solve commercial and financial questions. The objective of this research is to further investigate the study of abacus schools and books, in order to recover and highlight the role held by the abacus phenomenon in the origins of the “accounting art” and, in general, the role of the “abacus tradition” for the economic and social development of the society during the medieval and renaissance period. To achieve this goal, the study relies upon some evidences from Tuscany (Italy between XIII and XVI century. By combining theoretical and empirical insights, the analysis points out the contribution the abacus tradition has given to the better development of public life in the city-republic during the medieval and renaissance period, that is to say to the best and most effective exercise of duty and civic right. This contribution has been the basis to the growing interest shown towards the abacus culture by the then city-republic authorities.La presente ricerca indaga sulle “origini” dell’arte contabile tendente a memorizzare i comportamenti economici. In particolare, essa esamina i primi “ambienti” specifici predisposti e organizzati per l’insegnamento delle conoscenze contabili e i “mezzi” di studio per il loro trasferimento: le scuole e i libri d’abaco. Diffusisi prevalentemente in Italia tra il XIII ed il XVI secolo, essi avevano il principale scopo di trasmettere quelle conoscenze generalmente definite di “matematica pratica”, quali le tecniche per eseguire le operazioni aritmetiche e le regole pratiche per la risoluzione di problemi commerciali e finanziari.L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di approfondire lo studio delle scuole e dei libri d’abaco, evidenziandone il ruolo rivestito nella “genesi” della contabilità per le aziende e, quindi, nel più generale sviluppo socio-economico in epoca medioevale e nei primi secoli del Rinascimento.A tal fine, la ricerca si avvale

Rehabilitación de la Patagonia. Un territorio periférico escrito por la narrativa argentina actual

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Alejandro Gasel

2011-06-01

Full Text Available La comunicación consiste en la exposición de las formas de la inscripción de la Patagonia Austral en la contemporaneidad de la narrativa argentina. Puntualmente pensando dos novelas: Falsa Calma de Sonia Cristoff (2004 y La Siberia de Cristina Siscar (2006 trataremos de razonar qué sigue de vigente y qué aparece como una rehabilitación de este territorio en el proceso de producción narrativa. En este sentido, pensamos que podemos plantear no solamente el fenómeno de la representación actual de este territorio sino la productividad reconocida en los textos a partir de un juego intertextual, que sincretiza a una memoria precedente que ha descripto y inscripto el territorio con la necesidad de referencia la crisis del presente o actualidad del territorio en formas de umbralidad. Para dar cuenta de este proceso hemos de remitirnos a pensar la enunciación de los textos, los usos de géneros discursivos, en especial, el relato viaje y la implicancia de la historia y la memoria para referirse políticamente a la Patagonia Austral argentina que sigue siendo tematizado en el variopinto paisaje de la Literatura Argentina.

Fronteras en la construcción del territorio argentino

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Alejandro Benedetti

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo reflexiona sobre las múltiples funciones que tuvieron las fronteras en la construcción del territorio argentino. En este se identifican diferentes momentos en el devenir histórico de la Argentina que llevaron a eliminar, mover, establecer o resignificar fronteras. Se pretende identificar, localizar y caracterizar tres arquetipos de fronteras y, en forma ulterior, analizar los elementos clave para una conceptualización.

Rehabilitación de la Patagonia. Un territorio periférico escrito por la narrativa argentina actual

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Alejandro Gasel

2011-07-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2011v11n16p50 La comunicación consiste en la exposición de las formas de la inscripción de la Patagonia Austral en la contemporaneidad de la narrativa argentina. Puntualmente pensando dos novelas: Falsa Calma de Sonia Cristoff (2004 y La Siberia de Cristina Siscar (2006  trataremos de razonar qué  sigue de vigente y qué aparece como una rehabilitación  de este territorio en el proceso de producción narrativa. En este sentido, pensamos que podemos plantear  no solamente el fenómeno de la representación actual de este territorio sino la productividad reconocida en los textos a partir de un juego intertextual, que sincretiza a una memoria precedente que ha descripto y inscripto el territorio con la necesidad de referencia la crisis del presente o actualidad del territorio en formas de umbralidad. Para dar cuenta de este proceso  hemos de remitirnos a pensar la enunciación  de los textos, los usos de géneros discursivos, en especial, el relato viaje y la implicancia de la historia y la memoria para referirse políticamente a la Patagonia Austral argentina que sigue siendo tematizado en el variopinto paisaje de la Literatura Argentina.

Ordenación del territorio en Andalucía. Reflexión personal

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Florencio Zoido Naranjo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Tras tres décadas de ejercicio de la competencia, la ordenación del territorio aparece en Andalucía como una política sin suficiente asiento. Conseguido un aceptable nivel de reconocimiento jurídico e implantación administrativa y un desarrollo medio de los instrumentos de planificación, subsisten carencias y aparecen críticas de importancia. El Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía, once planes de ámbito subregional y múltiples instrumentos sometidos al informe de incidencia territorial cuentan como los principales activos de esta práctica y en sentido contrario destacan el escaso control ejercido sobre el planeamiento municipal y la utilización poco rigurosa de las llamadas áreas de oportunidad.

Cuerpos, Territorios y Población

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Patricia Alejandra Collado

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este libro es fruto de las experiencias de diferentes equipos de investigación y líneas de pesquisa que de la mano de Adrián Scribano y Eugenia Boito abrevaron en el Programa de Estudios Sobre Acción Colectiva y Conflicto Social del Centro de Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad de Córdoba. En esta oportunidad su producción colectiva hace énfasis en las transformaciones acaecidas en la vida de los sujetos –producto de la neocolonialidad del capital- y pone como centro la reflexión sobre sus implicancias en tanto marcas expuestas en el cuerpo, el territorio y la población de las ciudades de Córdoba y Villa María.

Redes y territorio: la iniciativa IIRSA en foco

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Roberto Chiarella Quinhoes

2011-12-01

ón de la Infraestructura Regional Sudamericana – IIRSA.La Visión Estratégica para la Integración Física Sudamericana (VESA se constituye en el enfoque principal de tal iniciativa, y la Metodología de Planificación Territorial Indicativa, en la herramienta metodológica central para implantar dicha visión y, así, desencadenar procesos de desarrollo sostenible en el territorio.Pretendemos desentrañar las relaciones entre el enfoque de la estrategia de desarrollo territorial brasileño y la VESA. Señalamos, además, algunos elementos que deberían ser puestos en consideración de manera que se perfeccione la herramienta metodológica. En tal sentido, partimos de la visión estratégica proponer un nuevo enfoque metodológico más integrador del territorio. Los elementos que unen un punto al otro pasan por el análisis de la propuesta metodológica en sí, de los ejes de integración y desarrollo, el estudio de las relaciones entre las redes y el territorio, así como por la evaluación de la necesidad de una propuesta de sistema urbano sudamericano.Consideramos que dicho sistema debería ser la base sobre la que se soporte toda la estructura del proceso de integración para el desarrollo sostenible del territorio sudamericano, que incluya los ejes IIRSA y las inversiones necesarias en los centros urbanos de la red, así como su jerarquización y funcionalidad.

LA PATAGONIA COMO TERRITORIO EN DISPUTA: TENSIONES ENTRE EL ESTADO, LA IGLESIA Y LA CONGREGACIÓN SALESIANA POR EL ESPACIO MISIONERO

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María Nicoletti

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La Patagonia fue el primer territorio salesiano “ad gentes”. La creación de su administración bajo la figura de un Vicariato y Prefectura apostólica de parte de la Congregación Salesiana y el Colegio de Propaganda Fide, trajo aparejados numerosos conflictos con las Iglesias Argentina y Chilena y con ambos Estados nacionales. Estos conflictos, en el marco histórico de la construcción de las naciones del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, fueron acompañados por los planes de evangelización que la Congregación salesiana había formulado para los pueblos originarios. Bajo la gestión y dirección de los dos primeros rectores mayores de la Congregación, Don Bosco y Don Rua, se resolvieron los problemas con las Iglesias y Estados de ambas naciones, cargados de tensiones en la construcción del territorio de evangelización considerado según cada institución como “terra nullius”, “territorio salesiano” o “territorio nacional y diocesano”.

Fronteras en la construcción del territorio argentino

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Alejandro Benedetti

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo reflexiona sobre las múltiples funciones que tuvieron las fronteras en la construcción del territorio argentino. En este se identifican diferentes momentos en el devenir histórico de la Argentina que llevaron a eliminar, mover, establecer o resignificar fronteras. Se pretende identificar, localizar y caracterizar tres arquetipos de fronteras y, en forma ulterior, analizar los elementos clave para una conceptualización.

TERRITORIOS SOLIDARIOS DE AMÉRICA LATINA Y TURISMO COMUNITARIO EN REBOTE A LOS MEGA EMPREEMDIMENTOS TRANSNACIONAL

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Luzia Neide Coriolano

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudio analiza territorios solidarios de turismo comunitario en países de América Latina como un contrapunto al turismo convencional, de los mega emprendimientos transnacionales. Cambios en el modelo socioeconómico con movimientos de resistencia a la supuesta hegemonía de los países ricos, superposiciones de  megaempresas a la de pequeña escala, en relación al turismo global, convencional, dedicado a los mega emprendimientos vinculados con la especulación inmobiliaria. Verifica como países fortalecen territorios de economías solidarias, comunitarias. Como se crean sinergias, socialización de conocimientos en territorios como una forma de reducir las disparidades espaciales y las desigualdades sociales. Identifica experiencias con referencia de políticas de inclusión social, que promueven pequeñas ciudades, barrios, suburbios y comunidades, mitigan distancias entre ricos y pobres. Articulaciones entre aspectos políticos e institucionales para gestiones participativas y estrategias como cuestiones ambientales y de sostenibilidad socio-económica y desarrollo de comunidades que buscan soluciones económicas y sociales por el turismo, en América Latina.

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

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Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete categorías. Resultados. El desarrollo tanto de habilidades cognitivas “duras” como de habilidades socioemocionales “blandas” exponiendo diferentes ambientes educacionales, incentiva un aprendizaje activo que fortalece la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio. Conclusión. La generación de una conciencia de conservación ambiental al contemplar la importancia de la educación escolar en la relación Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio lleva a la apropiación de la biodiversidad (natural-cultural y a generar aprendizajes significativos.

Mirando a la Pachamama: globalización y territorio en el Tarapacá andino

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Sergio Gonzu00E1lez Miranda

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la distancia cultural entre las poblaciones indígenas y la sociedad occidental desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días a través del concepto tiempo y espacio (devenir y territorio, empleando el concepto agua como un elemento vital y ritual. Se analizan las oportunidades y los riesgos que les plantea la globalización a las comunidades andinas, ofreciendo una propuesta, basada en la teoría de Sergio Boisier, que podría resolver el dilema entre globalización y desarrollo endógeno en la sociedad indígena. Se señala la importancia de la nueva geografía cultural, como disciplina, para entender la importancia del territorio en sociedades y culturas no occidentales como la andina.

Colombia: territorios en disputa, luchas por el sentido y nueva hegemonía

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Felipe Pineda Ruiz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En suma, el derecho a la ciudad y al territorio, marcan una verdadera contradicción de fondo entre la clase política y el país político enfrentado a los anhelos de la sociedad civil, en Colombia.

La ocupación mercantil de territorios ajenos: El turismo como forma oculta de imperialismo

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Francisco Muñoz de Escalona

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 La doctrina convencional llama turismo a los viajes vacacionales junto con los servicios de transporte, accesibilidad y hospitalidad, unos servicios que deben su existencia a las necesidades logísticas de las operaciones bélicas, mediante las cuales se ocupan territorios ajenos. La industria del turismo, que necesitas esos mismos servicios pone a disposición de los turistas la posibilidad de ocupar transitoria, pacífica y mercantilizada territorios ajenos. La similitud se completa en la medida en la que los desplazamiento bélicos y los vacacionales son circulares (de ida y vuelta y se apoyan en una programación de los mismos.

Territorio, actores y planeación en áreas rurales anexas a desarrollos urbanos: corregimiento de Pasquilla – Bogotá, Colombia

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Carmen Alicia Hernandez Gomez

2015-07-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se caracterizaron los actores presentes en el corregimiento de Pasquilla, localidad de Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá, Colombia, mediante un mapeo donde se clasifican de acuerdo a sus intereses, vínculos con el territorio y área de influencia. Se construyó además una cartografía en donde se plasmaron las visiones compartidas de futuro del área, vinculando la intención y el deseo de los diferentes actores en la prospección de Pasquilla como territorio rural de vocación agrícola y riqueza ecosistémica. Los anteriores insumos se consideraron fundamentales para abordar el tema de la planeación de ciudad y convocar a la discusión en torno a la participación ciudadana y la conformación de sujetos políticos que reivindiquen el territorio. Finalmente, se concluye que el reconocimiento de las dinámicas sociales debe llevar a una reconfiguración de las relaciones Estado – sociedad en cuanto a proyectos de inversión y modelos de intervención en el territorio.

Sistemi tecnologici innovativi di involucro per il recupero del patrimonio edilizio recente. L'edilizia scolastica nel Comune di Bologna

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Mazzoli, Cecilia

2015-01-01

La ricerca è volta a presentare un nuovo approccio integrato, a supporto di operatori e progettisti, per la gestione dell’intero processo progettuale di interventi di riqualificazione energetica e architettonica del patrimonio edilizio recente, mediante l’impiego di soluzioni tecnologiche innovative di involucro edilizio. Lo studio richiede necessariamente l’acquisizione di un repertorio selezionato di sistemi costruttivi di involucro, come base di partenza per l’elaborazione di soluzioni ...

Naturaleza(s), poder, sujeto(s) en territorio Awá : Bios y Thanatos en el margen socio-ambiental

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Naizot, Anne-Lise

2011-01-01

La creación de espacios extractivos, tóxicos, y ecológicos en los territorios indígenas plantean una serie de interrogaciones para el futuro de esos territorios y el proyecto de autonomía territorial y política de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina y en el mundo. Esos espacios son, antes que todo, espacios sociales; son atravesados por relaciones de poder que definen fronteras móviles entre la vida y la muerte, la dominación y la autonomía, la inclusión y la exclusión. Este trabajo indag...

Studi d'idoneità ambientale su grande scala a fini conservazionistici: il caso del Capriolo italico nel P.N. del Pollino

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Alessandro Massolo

2003-10-01

formulati hanno dato risultati soddisfacenti (> 70% di classificazioni corrette, ma alla verifica sui dati del PN del Pollino, solo il modello formulato con la regressione logistica e gli indici di paesaggio come variabili predittive, ha mostrato una potente capacità predittiva (89% degli avvistamenti e dei dati di presenza/assenza, classificando come idoneo per la specie circa il 59% del territorio del Parco. Il nostro studio suggerisce che vi sono casi in cui, nonostante le difficoltà insite nell?applicazione di un modello in aree differenti (soprattutto in termini di orografia e vegetazione da quella di origine dei dati, le caratteristiche di complessità e frammentazione del territorio a grande scala permettono la formulazione di un modello adeguato e potente. Infine, riteniamo che, senza un?adeguata valutazione su dati provenienti dall?area d?applicazione, le predizioni dei modelli possano dare risultati non coerenti con la distribuzione reale della popolazione in esame, suggerendo cautela nelle previsioni in aree in cui la specie sia assente.

Modelli di valutazione ambientale per i Bovidi (Capra ibex, Rupicapra rupicapra e i Cervidi (Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus nel Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso

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C. Oppio

2003-10-01

Full Text Available La conservazione delle popolazioni di stambecco ha grande rilevanza a livello italiano ed europeo, a causa della distribuzione concentrata in poche aree, mentre le consistenti popolazioni di camoscio hanno importanza economica e gestionale. L?espansione dell?areale di distribuzione dei cervidi in territorio alpino, è un fenomeno ormai consolidato e legato all?abbandono dei territori collinari e montani ma anche alle reintroduzioni e alle azioni di tutela nei confronti delle specie. I modelli d?idoneità ambientale rappresentano un efficace strumento per il confronto a livello qualitativo (numero di specie e quantitativo (abbondanza delle popolazioni tra l?attuale popolamento faunistico dei territori alpini e la loro situazione potenziale. Il Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso si estende per oltre 700 km² sul territorio di Piemonte e di Valle d?Aosta; gli affioramenti rocciosi ne occupano il 37.0%, la vegetazione rada il 20.1% e le praterie sommitali e le brughiere il 17.3%. L?analisi ambientale del Parco è stata effettuata mediante Arcview 3.2 per Windows misurando il valore di 20 variabili ambientali (Corine Land Cover III Liv., 27 fisiche (DTM e 17 di complessità paesaggistica in 2925 Unità Campione di 0,5 km di lato. Per la formulazione dei modelli relativi alla distribuzione (presenza/assenza dello stambecco sono stati utilizzati i dati dei censimenti (1999 effettuati nel Parco; per il camoscio ed il capriolo sono stati utilizzati i dati rilevati nelle province di Vercelli e Biella (1997 e in quella di Verbania (1999, mentre per il cervo sono stati utilizzati quelli relativi alla sola provincia di Verbania (1999. I modelli sono stati formulati mediante Analisi di Funzione Discriminante (Magnusson, 1983; Massolo & Meriggi, 1995 e Analisi di Regressione Logistica (Norusis, 1994. Per lo stambecco i dati sono stati suddivisi in due sets, di cui uno utilizzato per la formulazione del modello e l?altro per la sua validazione. Mediante un test

Identidades del territorio Alhambra. Instrumentos de registro y procesos de reconocimiento de un paisaje cultural

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Juan Domingo Santos

2017-11-01

Full Text Available En el proceso de revitalización de los paisajes culturales se plantea la necesidad de contar con un sistema de registro documental del territorio que implique diferentes técnicas y formas de aproximación para la comprensión de sus características e identidades. Esta investigación propone una serie de medidas para registrar, analizar y divulgar los valores culturales de la Dehesa del Generalife, un territorio en continuidad con el conjunto monumental de la Alhambra, muy rico por sus recursos arqueológicos, arquitectónicos, paisajísticos, medioambientales y etnológicos, que configuran un espacio de incuestionable valor cultural. La metodología de trabajo supone una estrategia de conocimiento sensible para detectar y dilucidar soluciones de preservación y mantenimiento en lugares de un alto interés patrimonial. La noción de “paisaje cultural” está tratada como un concepto amplio basado en la percepción antropológica del territorio que incluye el valor histórico, cultural y simbólico de los elementos visibles que componen un paisaje y sus relaciones. La investigación parte de la premisa del Plan Director Alhambra que propone una revisión de los conocimientos actuales del monumento desde una perspectiva territorial que supera la idea tradicional de la Alhambra como una ciudad palatina rodeada de murallas para ser entendida en su contexto territorial.

Cinema e territorio. Processi di valorizzazione e promozione (cineturistica delle destinazioni minori / Cinema and territory. Processes of enhancement and (cinetouristic promotion of minor destinations

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Angela Cresta

2016-05-01

Il contributo, a partire da un’analisi delle più celebri pellicole girate in Irpinia, rilegge dunque il legame tra Cinema e territorio alla luce delle esperienze di progettualità in corso che vedono nel cine-turismo una possibile forme di sviluppo locale da valorizzare. The objective of the paper is to make a reflection on the relationship between cinema, creativity and practical tourism in the processes of development and promotion of cinetourism which affect, in particular, the minor destinations. To this end, the experience of Irpinia is presented, where the authenticity of the places and the aspirations of a few enlightened by love for the “Seventh Art” has, since the early twentieth century, inspired several film projects, mixing suggestions real with virtual effects film, have proposed a transposition of the culture and customs, traditions and ways of life of Irpinia. A combination between the cinema and Irpinia which transforms Avellino, at the time one of the poorest and remotest provincial of Italy, the world capital of cinema neorealist; able to influence actively on backwardness typical of southern reality. The contribution, through an analysis of the most famous films shot in Irpinia, reads the link between cinema and territory based on the experience of existing projects that see in cine-tourism possible forms of local development to be enhanced.

Turismo y territorio. Otras prácticas, otras miradas

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Bertoncello, Rodolfo

2002-01-01

La presente contribución constituye una reflexión respecto de aquello que puede identificarse con el territorio del turismo a incursiona respecto de la producción de conocimientos sobre la temática proponiendo actitud crítica respecto los saberes consolidados a que se apela en los estudios y las acciones en turismo. El desarrollo del aporte parte de la comprensión del fenómeno turístico en su condición social superando una frecuente omisión de los enfoques más recurrentes, confiriéndole una e...

Globalización y territorio usado: imperativos y solidaridades

OpenAIRE

Silveira, María Laura

2008-01-01

Este ensayo discute el territorio usado como categoría importante de la geografía y de la teoría social en la comprensión de las naciones. Ilustrando con algunas situaciones brasileñas, se tejen consideraciones sobre las relaciones entre Estado y mercado, con énfasis en la dinámica actual de las grandes empresas y del poder público. Tecnociencia, información y finanzas configuran la división territorial del trabajo hegemónica en el período de la globalización y participan, junto al consumo, c...

Turismo literario, ambientes históricos y “santandereanidad”: representaciones narrativas sobre el territorio santandereano

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Luis Rubén Pérez Pinzón

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El turismo literario es un campo emergente de la geografía humana y de la historia cultural que redescubre los espacios más significativos de cada territorio por medio de las representaciones narrativas sobre los mismos. Como producto de investigación, el artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir de la crítica de fuentes y el análisis de discurso en doscientas obras literarias que centran su atención en el territorio de Santander (Colombia, durante la primera mitad del siglo xx . Se demuestra así que la construcción del imaginario de “santandereanidad” se asocia con una vasta tradición literaria y está relacionada con la creación de nuevos espacios de identidad y recreación colectiva, como el Parque Nacional del Chicamocha (Panachi.

Turismo literario, ambientes históricos y “santandereanidad”: representaciones narrativas sobre el territorio santandereano

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Luis Rubén Pérez Pinzón

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El turismo literario es un campo emergente de la geografía humana y de la historia cultural que redescubre los espacios más significativos de cada territorio por medio de las representaciones narrativas sobre los mismos. Como producto de investigación, el artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir de la crítica de fuentes y el análisis de discurso en doscientas obras literarias que centran su atención en el territorio de Santander (Colombia, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se demuestra así que la construcción del imaginario de “santandereanidad” se asocia con una vasta tradición literaria y está relacionada con la creación de nuevos espacios de identidad y recreación colectiva, como el Parque Nacional del Chicamocha (Panachi.

The environmental project of the enhancement of the fluvial area: L’Aquila and the Aterno River

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Luciana Mastrolonardo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Il contributo si colloca in un programma interdisciplinare volto alla valorizzazione e la tutela del fiume, attraverso il controllo dei flussi e l’attivazione di simbiosi. Si integrano, con un approccio che parte dalla progettazione ambientale, le tematiche urbane, paesaggistiche, tecnologiche ed ecologiche, per orientare lo sviluppo del territorio in termini di tutela e valorizzazione delle risorse, e per recuperare le discontinuità rappresentata oggi dal fiume, in alcuni contesti urbani, conferendole maggiore riconoscibilità e potenzialità. Nello specifico si indaga il rapporto tra L’Aquila e il fiume Aterno per individuare, a livello locale, le strategie perseguibili per il recupero delle connessioni tra l’ambito fluviale e urbano, per la valorizzazione del territorio e il ripristino della funzionalità dell’acqua nel suo ciclo vitale. 

Cavilaciones sobre territorio, globalización e identidad

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Ruth Helena Jaramillo

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Esta es una exposición sucinta de los planteamientos Renato ortiz en su libro Otro territorio en lo referente a la denominada, por él, modernidad-mundo; momento en el que se evidencian profundas transformaciones sociales producto del desarrollo de redes informáticas y comunicacionales que han ocasionado una evidente reconfiguración del espacio. Mutación que necesariamente hace que la aparente estaticidad de conceptos como Estado-Nación, identidad y cultura popular sea revisada y repensada por todos. Para enriquecer la reflexión acude a otros autores como néstor garcía canclini, Jesús martín-BarBero y paul virilio.

Reflexiones identitarias en el territorio contemporáneo. La construcción colectiva de lugar. Caso de estudio de la Vega de Granada

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María Teresa Zapiain Aizpuru

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es participar en el debate actual sobre las nociones que nos conducen al mantenimiento y desarrollo de un territorio con identidad. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, y considerando la distinción de significado establecida entre los conceptos de espacio, territorio y paisaje y su relación indisociable con la cultura y la identidad, en su primera parte, el artículo expone una propuesta teórica de interpretación de los procesos identitarios vinculados con el territorio como construcción social. En la segunda parte, se presenta algunos de los principales resultados sobre la investigación empírica desarrollada en la «Vega de Granada». En ésta se explora la influencia de ciertas transformaciones socioeconómicas y culturales en los procesos de identificación con el lugar. Se concluye enfatizando la importancia de este tipo de abordajes para el éxito de los planes de ordenación y desarrollo territorial, proponiendo el estudio no sólo de las dimensiones físicas o sectoriales de un territorio, sino su significado como lugar.

Territorio, innovación y desarrollo rural. El caso del territorio brasileño del Vale dos Vinhedos

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Jeziorny, Daniel L.

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper is focused on innovation processes in rural areas. Its author pose that although these processes are encouraged of technical and technological advances, they are also oriented by the logic of capital accumulation. That is why the innovation processes has a political dimension. In base of this thesis, the author analyzes, firstly, the general innovation tendencies taking place in the Brazilian wine sector, and in particular the innovation experiences in the rural area called “Vale dos Vinhedos”, placed in the region of Rio Grande do Sul. Also, he analyzes the governance system in this territory, paying attention to the organization of social and economic players, and their relations with the public institutions at the local level. Finally, the author analyzes how the financial capital decides to change its strategy and to remove from Vale dos Vinhedos to other rural areas (for example, Campanha Gaucha when economic players find difficulties to increase the capital accumulation process.Este artículo trata el tema de la apropiación territorial de los espacios rurales en el marco de procesos de innovación. Su autor plantea la tesis de que los procesos innovadores están configurados por el avance técnico y tecnológico, pero siguen la lógica de acumulación del capital, teniendo por tanto una dimensión económico-política. Sobre la base de este argumento analiza, en primer lugar, las dinámicas de innovación que han tenido lugar en el sector vitivinícola brasileño, centrando el análisis en el territorio denominado “Vale dos Vinhedos”, situado en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Asimismo, analiza los sistemas de gobernanza surgidos en torno a esos procesos innovadores y el modo como se gestionan las interacciones entre los diversos actores sociales, económicos e institucionales presentes en ese territorio. Finalmente, analiza cómo los capitales instalados en el “Vale dos Vinhedos”, al encontrar dificultades para

Analisi matematica

CERN Document Server

Canuto, Claudio

2014-01-01

Il presente testo intende essere di supporto ad un primo insegnamento di Matematica in quei corsi di studio (quali ad esempio Ingegneria, Informatica, Fisica) in cui lo strumento matematico parte significativa della formazione dell'allievo. Il testo presenta tre diversi livelli di lettura. Un livello essenziale permette allo studente di cogliere i concetti indispensabili della materia e di familiarizzarsi con le relative tecniche di calcolo. Un livello intermedio fornisce le giustificazioni dei principali risultati e arricchisce lesposizione mediante utili osservazioni e complementi. Un terzo livello di lettura prevede anche lo studio del materiale contenuto nelle appendici e permette all'allievo più motivato ed interessato di approfondire la sua preparazione sulla materia. Completano il testo numerosi esempi e un considerevole numero di esercizi; di tutti viene fornita la soluzione e per la maggior parte si delinea il procedimento risolutivo. La grafica accattivante, a due colori e con struttura modulare, f...

Sujetos del dolor, territorio de la dignidad

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Carmen Gaona Pisonero

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo parte de un compromiso por entender la configuración diacrónica que una población concreta hace de su “experiencia de salud”. Esta comunidad es el municipio de Campo de Nijar (Almería, España, en el que se llevó a cabo un trabajo etnográfico recopilando las narraciones de la población autóctona del municipio, en el que se alterna la reconstrucción de su memoria colectiva y sus narraciones personales. En ellas se encuentran las claves para entender los complejos mecanismos intersubjetivos que inciden de forma tanto consciente como inconsciente, en la construcción de los sentidos imperantes sobre la salud de los habitantes de un territorio resignificado a lo largo de la historia.

Innovación empresarial y territorio: Una aplicación a Vigo y su área de influencia

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Carlos María Jardón

2011-09-01

Full Text Available La innovación es la capacidad de generar e incorporar conocimientos para dar respuestas creativas a los problemas del presente. En la situación actual es vista como un factor clave para mejorar la competitividad de las empresas y favorecer el desarrollo sostenible en los territorios. Las pymes tienen una mayor dependencia del territorio, por lo que se analiza cuál es el efecto que la gestión del territorio por parte de las empresas tiene sobre su capacidad de innovación. Se evalúa el sistema de innovación de las pymes de Vigo y su área de influencia. A partir de una encuesta entre las pymes de las diferentes cadenas empresariales existentes en la zona y mediante el uso de la técnica de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS se muestra que los factores externos asociados a ese territorio tienen un impacto importante sobre los factores internos asociados a la capacidad de innovación de la empresa.Innovation is the ability to generate and integrate knowledge to provide creative answers to current problems. In the current situation it is seen as a key factor to improve the competitiveness of companies and to promote sustainable development in territories. SMEs are more dependent to the territory. This essay discuss the effect of land management by companies has on their ability to innovate. It assesses the innovation system of SMEs in Vigo and its surrounding area. From a survey of SMEs in the various existing business clusters in the area and using the technique of partial least squares (PLS it shows that externalities associated with that territory have a major impact on the internal factors associated the innovativeness of the company.

IL-22R Ligands IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic db/db Mice.

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Kolumam, Ganesh; Wu, Xiumin; Lee, Wyne P; Hackney, Jason A; Zavala-Solorio, Jose; Gandham, Vineela; Danilenko, Dimitry M; Arora, Puneet; Wang, Xiaoting; Ouyang, Wenjun

2017-01-01

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the major complications in type II diabetes patients and can result in amputation and morbidity. Although multiple approaches are used clinically to help wound closure, many patients still lack adequate treatment. Here we show that IL-20 subfamily cytokines are upregulated during normal wound healing. While there is a redundant role for each individual cytokine in this subfamily in wound healing, mice deficient in IL-22R, the common receptor chain for IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, display a significant delay in wound healing. Furthermore, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24 are all able to promote wound healing in type II diabetic db/db mice. Mechanistically, when compared to other growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF that accelerate wound healing in this model, IL-22 uniquely induced genes involved in reepithelialization, tissue remodeling and innate host defense mechanisms from wounded skin. Interestingly, IL-22 treatment showed superior efficacy compared to PDGF or VEGF in an infectious diabetic wound model. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-20 subfamily cytokines, particularly IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, might provide therapeutic benefit for patients with DFU.

ET IN ARCADIA NOS Paesaggi, testimonianze e città

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Giuseppe Carta

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Il Piano Territoriale Paesistico Regionale è lo strumento di governo del territorio, nel quale conservazione e trasformazione si saldano in un unico progetto per l’azione di tutela del paesaggio, con la finalità di conservarne gli elementi di qualità e di testimonianza, favorendone il recupero, laddove il paesaggio risulta degradato e compromesso. Il paesaggio dell’Ambito, dalla fascia costiera varia e si modifica addentrandosi verso l’altopiano interno, dove al paesaggio agrario di agrumi e oliveti si contrappone il seminativo asciutto delle colline interne. Gli insediamenti sono costituiti prevalentemente da borghi rurali e risalgono alla fase di ripopolamento della Sicilia interna (fine del XV secolo-metà del XVIII secolo. Numerose tracce di insediamenti umani della preistoria e della colonizzazione greca arricchiscono questo territorio dai forti caratteri naturali.

Patrimonio y turismo sostenible desde la ordenación del territorio: el caso del Pirineo Aragonés

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Bielza de Ory, Vicente

2001-12-01

Full Text Available It is tackled natural patrimony and cultural heritage of «Pirineo aragonés» analysis in relation to the tourism from a wide, integrater and complete view, as Geography has traditionally done and as E.U regional planning (E.T.E., 1999 and UNESCO (Monte Perdido, 1997 tends to do nowadays. Tourism evolution towards the sustainability, included in the Sustainable Tourism World Card (1995 requires its convergence with regional planning, especially in so fragile patrimonies as the mountain's are. In order to get it, more regional planning and patrimony regulations than the tourism ones exist in Aragon. Cultural park figure, increased by geographers and regulated with law rank in 1997 for every territory which counts with a natural patrimony wealth sited in a landscape of ecological or aesthetic value is a way to plan the territory, promoting a sustainable tourism. «Vero» river and «San Juan de la Peña» experiences are joined to the Leader programs, like «Sobrarbe-Ribagorza» to protect and, at the same time, promoting Pirineo region with tourism.

Se aborda el análisis de los patrimonios natural y cultural del Pirineo aragonés en relación con el turismo desde una óptica amplia, integradora y holística, como tradicionalmente ha hecho la geografía y como tiende a hacer hoy la Ordenación del Territorio de la U.E.(E.T.E., 1999 y la UNESCO (Monte Perdido, 1997. La evolución del turismo hacia la sostenibilidad, recogida en la Carta Mundial del Turismo Sostenible(1995 exige su convergencia con la planificación territorial, máxime en patrimonios tan frágiles como los de montaña; para ello existen en Aragón más normas ordenadoras del territorio y del patrimonio que del turismo. La figura de parque cultural, ampliada por geógrafos y normativizada con rango de ley en 1997 a todo territorio que cuente con una riqueza de patrimonio cultural enclavada en un paisaje de valor ecológico o estético es una forma de ordenar el territorio

Santo Domingo Savio: un territorio reterritorializado

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Jorge Ivu00E1n Ballesteros Toro

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Santo Domingo Savio es un barrio de la Comuna Popular número 1,1 ubicado en el nororiente de la ciudad de Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia. Es un territorio formado a través de la ocupación marginal e ilegal de la tierra, que ha sido marcado por la violencia y la pobreza. El Estado, luego de años de abandono, ha implementado proyectos de desarrollo urbano que han generado infraestructura de transporte, espacio público y educación; proyectos que enmarcan la ciudad en el contexto de la competitividad. La actual dinámica territorial ha convertido esta comuna en un lugar atractivo para residentes y turistas, en un espacio reterritorializado por el Estado; además, ha transformado el lugar en un laboratorio de ciudad y en un modelo de renovación. Bajo este escenario, esta exploración pretende visualizar la territorialidad que en el transcurso del tiempo han tenido los diferentes actores en este espacio.

Grand Tour: immaginario, territorio e culture digitali

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Emiliano Ilardi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Il Grand Tour può essere recuperato come asset narrativo utile per un intervento strategico di re-branding del viaggio in Italia? Il contributo analizza il contesto e le condizioni per una progettazione di questo livello nell’ambiente culturale dell’epoca digitale. Considerando gli archetipi moderni della mediazione dei luoghi come una grande riserva di senso, da riattivare sia nelle pratiche basate sui format seriali e transmediali che valorizzano i territori nella produzione creativa, sia nella costruzione di infrastrutture digitali e  transluoghi per la valorizzazione degli attrattori culturali.

Th-17 regulatory cytokines IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 enhance neutrophil production of IL-17 cytokines during asthma.

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Halwani, Rabih; Sultana, Asma; Vazquez-Tello, Alejandro; Jamhawi, Amer; Al-Masri, Abeer A; Al-Muhsen, Saleh

2017-11-01

In a subset of severe asthma patients, chronic airway inflammation is associated with infiltration of neutrophils, Th-17 cells and elevated expression of Th-17-derived cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-17, IL-21, IL-22). Peripheral neutrophils from allergic asthmatics are known to express higher IL-17 cytokine levels than those from healthy subjects, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. We hypothesize that Th-17 regulatory cytokines could modulate IL-17 expression in neutrophils. Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from asthmatics were stimulated with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines and their ability to produce IL-17A and IL-17F was determined relative to healthy controls. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels were measured in stimulated neutrophil using flow cytometry. The requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation was determined by blocking its activation using a specific chemical inhibitor. Stimulating asthmatic neutrophils with IL-21, 23, and 6 enhanced the production of IL-17A and IL-17F at significantly higher levels comparatively to healthy controls. Stimulating neutrophils with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, in all cases. Interestingly, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation using a specific chemical inhibitor dramatically blocked the ability of neutrophils to produce IL-17, demonstrating that STAT3 activation is the major factor mediating IL-17 gene expression. These findings suggest that neutrophil infiltration in lungs of severe asthmatics may represent an important source of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and -F cytokines, a production enhanced by Th-17 regulatory cytokines, and thus providing a feedback mechanism that sustains inflammation. Our results suggest that STAT3 pathway could be a potential target for regulating neutrophilic inflammation during severe asthma.

DE LOS DERECHOS INDÍGENAS A LA IDENTIDAD Y AL TERRITORIO HACIA EL DERECHO A LA AUTODETERMINACIÓN

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Maria Angélica Albuquerque Moura Oliveira

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Se ha centrado en los derechos indígenas a la identidad , al territorio y a la autodeterminación, tanto a nivel nacional (CF/88 , como a nivel internacional (Convenio 169 de la OIT ; Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. Las categorías de análisis identidad y territorialidad integran el principio de auto-identificación, que fue ampliado por el concepto de autodeterminación. Em conclusión, el reconocimiento de los derechos a la identidad y el territorio son el comienzo de la ciudadanía indígena, lo que requiere el pleno reconocimiento de la libre determinación de estos pueblos.

Multifuncionalidad agraria y territorio: Algunas reflexiones y propuestas de análisis

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Rocío Silva Pérez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La aplicación a la agricultura del concepto de sostenibilidad conlleva el reconocimiento de que, conjuntamente con la función productiva, ésta desempeña otros roles (ambientales, sociales, patrimoniales cada vez más demandados y estrechamente relacionados con su sustrato territorial. La noción de multifuncionalidad agraria lo recoge expresamente y así se sobreentiende desde otros marcos conceptuales y normativos, hasta ahora ajenos al sector, pero cada vez más interesados por los espacios de cultivo como estructurantes territoriales, depositarios de recursos patrimoniales y paisajes. Sus entendimientos del territorio son, no obstante, muy diferentes, sus escalas de análisis extremadamente dispares y sus implicaciones normativas -ora sectoriales, ora territoriales- contradictorias y redundantes. Este artículo se acerca a la multifuncionalidad agraria desde la perspectiva y los problemas del territorio, indagando puentes de encuentro entre ambos tipos de aproximaciones. A tal fin, hace un recorrido por el estado de la cuestión y el tratamiento normativo que merece el territorio desde tales perspectivas y concluye con una propuesta metodológica sustentada en los planteamientos del desarrollo territorial integrado.Applying the concept of sustainability to agriculture entails the recognition that, apart from the production function, it has other roles (environmental, social, cultural closely linked to its territorial substratum that are in ever greater demand. This is expressly embraced by the notion of agricultural multifunctionality and is understood as such from other conceptual and regulatory frameworks which had hitherto had no connection with the sector, but which are showing more and more interest in agricultural areas as territorial structures, repositaries of cultural heritage- and landscape-related resources. Notwithstanding, the way that they understand territory is quite different, their analytical scales extremely disparate

IL-6/IL-12 Cytokine Receptor Shuffling of Extra- and Intracellular Domains Reveals Canonical STAT Activation via Synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Floss, D M; Schönberg, M; Franke, M; Horstmeier, F C; Engelowski, E; Schneider, A; Rosenfeldt, E M; Scheller, J

2017-11-09

IL-35 and IL-39 are recently discovered shared members of the IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine family with immune-suppressive capacity. IL-35 has been reported to induce the formation of four different receptor complexes: gp130:IL-12β2, gp130:gp130, IL-12β2:IL-12β2, and IL-12β2:WSX-1. IL-39 was proposed to form a gp130:IL-23R receptor complex. IL-35, but not IL-39, has been reported to activate non-conventional STAT signaling, depending on the receptor complex and target cell. Analyses of IL-35 and IL-39 are, however, hampered by the lack of biologically active recombinant IL-35 and IL-39 proteins. Therefore, we engineered chimeric cytokine receptors to accomplish synthetic IL-35 and IL- 39 signaling by shuffling the extra- and intracellular domains of IL-6/IL-12-type cytokine receptors, resulting in biological activity for all previously described IL-35 receptor complexes. Moreover, we found that the proposed IL-39 receptor complex is biologically active and discovered two additional biologically active synthetic receptor combinations, gp130/IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R/IL-12Rβ2. Surprisingly, synthetic IL-35 activation led to more canonical STAT signaling of all receptor complexes. In summary, our receptor shuffling approach highlights an interchangeable, modular domain structure among IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine receptors and enabled synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 signaling.

Inmigrantes en territorios de frontera: La ciudad de los otros. Santiago de Chile

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Francisca Márquez

2014-05-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se aborda la construcción y génesis de territorios de frontera por parte de inmigrantes en Santiago de Chile, específicamente en La Chimba, al norte del río Mapocho. Se analiza este habitar de frontera desde evidencias de la historia, la sociología, georreferenciación y etnografía. La tesis central dice que el habitar de frontera se crea y se transforma en fuente de poder y ejercicio ciudadano, cuando la configuración de los territorios que cobijan a los inmigrantes es capaz de alimentar y ensanchar el campo de lo posible, más allá de la sobrevivencia. Se concluye que en La Chimba, la realización de la vita activa en los migrantes se levanta sobre una paradoja: cobijo y arraigo (condición de comunidad y redes de protección; itinerancia y movimiento (condición de translocalidad y conectividad. Esta paradoja resguarda la identidad de los habitantes en la multiculturalidad, pero a su vez abre la conectividad más allá de las fronteras del barrio, de la ciudad y la nación.

Pueblos indígenas, Estado y Territorio en tiempos interculturales en la provincia de Salta

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Mariana Andrea Schmidt

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La configuración del Estado argentino hacia fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX tuvo como uno de sus móviles principales la eliminación, asimilación e invisibilización de los pueblos indígenas. En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, se ha pasado de una política de invisibilización y homogeneización a otra de visibilización y reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural, promoviéndose la diversidad territorial, cultural y lingüística acallada durante décadas. El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar en las características asumidas por estos procesos en la provincia de Salta. Partiendo de considerar al Chaco salteño como territorio históricamente imaginado como indígena, interesa pensar cómo juegan estos imaginarios territoriales a la hora de diseñar e implementar políticas públicas para este territorio y su población.

Cartografía semiótica para la comprensión de territorios de conflicto

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Béatriz Nates Cruz

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el tema del desplazamiento forzado desde los siguientes ejes de investigación: la apropiación material y simbólica del espacio en el proceso de construcción del territorio y la configuración de los espacios de conflicto; y las construcciones simbólicas y sociales adoptadas por los desplazados como actores sociales individuales y colectivos. Además, pone a consideración un ejercicio metodológico a través de un análisis antropológico y geográfico sobre la morfología y configuración sociopolítica y económica de los territorios urbanos y rurales del departamento de Caldas desde el año 2000. El análisis está basado en la elaboración de una cartografía semiótica con énfasis en la grafía de las representaciones, y presenta dos categorías de mapas: los temáticos y los sintéticos.

Territorio, urbanismo y crisis. Una mirada al Medio Vinalopó (Alicante

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Xavier Amat Montesinos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Las claves de la planificación territorial en la Comunidad Valenciana han estado en el protagonismo de la iniciativa municipal y la ausencia de directrices en la escala supralocal. Además, los instrumentos normativos han favorecido la desregulación del suelo y la entrada del capital inmobiliario, con lo que el territorio se ha convertido en el soporte de valor del que administraciones públicas y entidades privadas han obtenido beneficios inmediatos. Multitud de planes y proyectos se han enunciado e iniciado en la región valenciana durante los últimos 15 años, promocionando un modelo de crecimiento que ha alimentado la situación actual de recesión y crisis. La alta indiferencia territorial de estos planes y proyectos, ha provocado la transformación de todo tipo de espacios: litorales, de interior e incluso pueblos de montaña. En el presente documento, se analizan las causas y consecuencias de este fenómeno en lacomarca interior alicantina del Medio Vinalopó. Como principales aportaciones, se identifican y caracterizan las actuaciones iniciadas y previstas sobre el territorio desde un punto de vista conjunto de los 11 municipios del área de estudio. Posteriormente, se ofrece un análisis prospectivo del modelo territorial comarcal. Finalmente, se consideran las implicaciones ambientales, económicas y sociales de este modelo de crecimiento que ha conducido a una situación de crisis, tratando de buscar soluciones y oportunidades desde la planificación territorial.

Política ambiental y territorios indígenas de Sonora

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Diana Luque

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La política ambiental en México ya es parte de la agenda de seguridad nacional, sin embargo, uno de sus instrumentos de planeación clave es el OET (Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio, el cual no ha logrado el impacto previsto. Se propone a los pueblos y territorios indígenas de Sonora como sector estratégico para la implementación de los OET, para lo cual se considera necesario profundizar en su problemática actual. Por ello, se realiza un análisis socioambiental de los complejos bioculturales de Sonora, a partir del marco de reflexión de la ecología política y la perspectiva biocultural. Esto se logra a partir de un análisis interdisciplinario donde se conjugan epistemologías y metodologías de los campos de las ciencias sociales y de la ecología. El análisis socioambiental se organiza a partir de dos grandes temas: la territorialidad y la comunidad indígena contemporánea. Se concluye que el formato actual de los OET es poco operativo, por lo que se dan recomendaciones para eficientar su implementación. Por último, se resalta la importancia de la atención de los complejos bioculturales, en primera instancia como un tema de justicia ambiental, así como por su capacidad para incidir a favor de los temas globales ambientales, como el cambio climático y la disponibilidad y calidad del agua.

IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Steensberg, Adam; Fischer, Christian Philip; Keller, Charlotte

2003-01-01

compared with saline infusion. In addition, C-reactive protein increased 3 h post-rhIL-6 infusion and was further elevated 16 h later compared with saline infusion. rhIL-6 induced increased levels of plasma cortisol and, consequently, an increase in circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the lymphocyte......-alpha, enhances the levels not only of IL-1ra but also of IL-10. Furthermore, IL-6 induces an increase in cortisol and, consequently, in neutrocytosis and late lymphopenia to the same magnitude and with the same kinetics as during exercise, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-6 has a central role in exercise...

La paz de los guerreros. Una experiencia de transformación de conflicto socioambiental en territorios del pueblo awajún de Cajamarca - Perú

OpenAIRE

Sanca Vega, Ingrid Nerina

2017-01-01

Los conflictos sociales por el territorio y los recursos naturales se intensificaron ante la promoción de un modelo económico extractivista que ha generado graves impactos en el medioambiente, en el bienestar de las poblaciones locales y la seguridad de sus territorios. Las resistencias populares, la criminalización de quienes defienden derechos y la confrontación al interior de las organizaciones, son solo algunos de los perjudiciales efectos asociados a los proyectos mineros en Perú y Latin...

Derechos colectivos y consulta previa: territorio cucapá y recursos pesqueros en Baja California, México

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Alejandra Navarro Smith

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Las demandas de reconocimiento de derechos territoriales y de uso de los recursos naturales que los pescadores cucapás le hacen al Estado mexicano, desde 1993, después de la creación de la Reserva del Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Río Colorado (en adelante, la Reserva, son unas más en el panorama de los problemas socioambientales y de despojo territorial, que afectan a los pueblos originarios en México. La característica particular en este caso es que el Estado mismo es quien construye los marcos legales en materia de protección a las especies —sin consultar debidamente a dichos pueblos—, volviendo ilegal la presencia cucapá en esa zona y vulnerando sus derechos como población indígena del delta. En consecuencia, las autoridades medioambientales y de pesca mexicanas han constituido la zona del delta del río Colorado como un territorio en disputa, al implementar esquemas de protección ambiental y de pesca, sustentados en modelos disciplinarios, que únicamente se alimentan de información biológica y pesquera. El conflicto se genera cuando se deja al elemento humano fuera de los análisis, como si las comunidades asentadas en los territorios protegidos y usuarias de los recursos no formaran parte de los ecosistemas. Al crear el núcleo de la Reserva en el mismo lugar donde se encontraban los campamentos de pesca del pueblo cucapá se volvió ilegal el aprovechamiento de los recursos pesqueros en la zona. En este contexto se han criminalizado las acciones de resistencia con las que los cucapás responden ante la regulación medioambiental del delta del río Colorado. Al ver imposibilitada la continuidad de su práctica pesquera, los habitantes se organizan para defender su acceso al territorio y, en un sentido más amplio, sus formas de vida y de trabajo. Este caso, en particular, visibiliza maneras contemporáneas por las que el Estado despoja el territorio y desaparece prácticas culturales propias de los pueblos

Agua, territorio y gestión: caminos por recorrer / Water, territory and management: the road ahead

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Oscar Buitrago Bermúdez

2011-09-01

como imprescindible, para asegurar el acceso de todas las formas de vida al agua, la formación de comunidades y sociedades reflexivas y autónomas capaces de gobernar sus vidas y sus territorios, para lo cual, la educación crítica se estima como una estrategia primordial.

¿fronteras naturales? geopolítica modernista y ecopolítica ambientalista en territorio awá: bios y thanatos en el margen

OpenAIRE

Naizot, Anne-Lise

2011-01-01

La creación de espacios extractivos, agroindustriales y ecológicos en los territorios indígenas plantea una serie de interrogantes sobre el futuro de esos territorios y, especialmente, sobre el proyecto de autonomía territorial y política de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina y el mundo. Esos espacios son ante todo espacios sociales y están atravesados por relaciones de poder que definen fronteras móviles entre la vida y la muerte, la dominación y la autonomía, la inclusión y la exclusió...

Internalization of interleukin 1 (IL 1) correlates with IL 1-induced IL 2 receptor expression and IL 2 secretion of EL4 thymoma cells

OpenAIRE

Von Hoegen, I.; Falk, Werner; Kojouharoff, G.; Krammer, P. H.

1989-01-01

The cytokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) plays an important role in the induction of IL 2 secretion and high-affinity IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) expression by T cells. The events that follow binding of IL 1 to IL 1R, however, are still unknown. In this study we describe two variants of the murine thymoma EL4 (5D3 and D6/76) that express comparable numbers of cell surface IL 1 receptors and bind IL 1 with the same affinity, but show distinct IL 1-dependent IL 2 secretion and IL 2R expression. In the prese...

Analisi dell’evoluzione del transhipment: strumento di supporto strategico per i policy makers della portualità del futuro

OpenAIRE

Chimenti, Matteo; D’Agostino, Zeno; Dal Dosso, Michele

2014-01-01

Il presente paper si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare la situazione attuale e passata del settore marittimo container del Mezzogiorno con un particolare focus sul fenomeno del transhipment. Secondo chi scrive, il transhipment può essere ritenuto un valido indicatore delle dinamiche evolutive dei porti e dell’organizzazione che li caratterizza. Il transhipment e il suo andamento analizzato dalla metà degli anni ’90 ad oggi rivelano infatti: • segnali di distorsione tra domanda e offerta del t...

Clinical significance of determination of changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Congjiang; Li Fen; Zhang Lei; Liu Jianhua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels were determined with RIA and IL-18 levels with ELISA in 32 patients with chronic renal diseases both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment the serum IL -6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, the levels though dropped markedly remained significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Levels of serum IL-6, IL- 8, IL-10 and IL-18 increased significantly in patients with chronic renal diseases, especially in those advanced cases. (authors)

Trapecio amazónico: turismo e imaginarios sociales sobre un territorio exotizado

OpenAIRE

Vélez Rivas, Martha Lucía

2017-01-01

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es comprender los imaginarios sociales construidos sobre el Trapecio Amazónico colombiano y su influencia en la experiencia turística. De manera creciente, se observa un aumento en el flujo de turistas atraídos por ofertas hacia este territorio selvático, el cual está habitado principalmente por comunidades indígenas que son, al mismo tiempo, objeto y sujetos del turismo. La experiencia turística está permeada por imaginarios construidos a través de relatos, n...

Arquitectura en territorios informados y transparentes Una wiki en la escuela de arquitectura

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Javier Fernández García

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El marco general de nuestra investigación en la universidad son los espacios de convivencia, información y formación que configuran los habitantes en un territorio online. La Web 2.0 nos ha dotado de nuevas herramientas con la que construir espacios. Desde la fundación en agosto de 2006 de CityWiki, indagamos en la arquitectura de estos lugares que se articulan en un espacio común en el que, a falta de jerarquía y policía, la acción en él la define el empoderamiento y la libertad del ciudadano responsable. A modo de laboratorio, desde entonces, embarcamos la actividad investigadora y docente en la actitud 2.0 incluida en la WWW. En la primera parte de este artículo se expone el pensamiento actualizado que empíricamente evoluciona emparejado a la actualidad de nuestras investigaciones. El objetivo es hacer entender el territorio wiki como informado y transparente llamado a añadir capas de información a la realidad para de esta forma no sustituirla sino ampliarla. Seguidamente, en la segunda parte, se describe y analiza la experiencia de innovación llevada a cabo durante el curso 2007/2008 en la que se ensayó un modelo docente instrumentados en los modos y paisajes previamente descritos.

IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-13 modulate responsiveness of human airway smooth muscle cells to IL-13

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Michoud Marie-Claire

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background IL-13 is a critical mediator of allergic asthma and associated airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-13 acts through a receptor complex comprised of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα subunits with subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6. The IL-13Rα2 receptor may act as a decoy receptor. In human airway smooth muscle (HASM cells, IL-13 enhances cellular proliferation, calcium responses to agonists and induces eotaxin production. We investigated the effects of pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ on the responses of HASM cells to IL-13. Methods Cultured HASM were examined for expression of IL-13 receptor subunits using polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Effects of cytokine pre-treatment on IL-13-induced cell responses were assessed by looking at STAT6 phosphorylation using Western blot, eotaxin secretion and calcium responses to histamine. Results IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2 subunits were expressed on HASM cells. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of STAT6 which reached a maximum by 30 minutes. Pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and, to a lesser degree, IFN-γ reduced peak STAT6 phosphorylation in response to IL-13. IL-13, but not IFN-γ, pre-treatment abrogated IL-13-induced eotaxin secretion. Pre-treatment with IL-4 or IL-13 abrogated IL-13-induced augmentation of the calcium transient evoked by histamine. Cytokine pre-treatment did not affect expression of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα but increased expression of IL-13Rα2. An anti-IL-13Rα2 neutralizing antibody did not prevent the cytokine pre-treatment effects on STAT6 phosphorylation. Cytokine pre-treatment increased SOCS-1, but not SOCS-3, mRNA expression which was not associated with significant increases in protein expression. Conclusion Pre-treatment with IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ, induced desensitization of the HASM cells to IL-13 as measured by eotaxin secretion and calcium transients to histamine

IL-33 Enhanced the Proliferation and Constitutive Production of IL-13 and IL-5 by Fibrocytes

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Hisako Hayashi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Interleukin-33 appears to play important roles in the induction of allergic airway inflammation. However, whether IL-33 is involved in airway remodeling remains unclear. Because fibrocytes contribute to tissue remodeling in the setting of chronic inflammation, we examined the effects of IL-33 on fibrocyte functions. Fibrocytes were generated in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing in the presence of platelet derived growth factors and the cells were stimulated with IL-33. IL-33 enhanced cell proliferation, α-SMA expression, and pro-MMP-9 activity by the fibrocytes without increasing endogenous transforming growth factor-β1 production. Fibrocytes constitutively expressed IL-13 and IL-5, and their production was augmented by stimulation with IL-33. Dexamethasone inhibited the functions of fibrocytes, but IL-33 made fibrocytes slightly refractory to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone in terms of IL-13 production. Montelukast suppressed IL-13 production by nonstimulated fibrocytes but not those stimulated by IL-33. These findings suggest that IL-33 is involved in the airway remodeling process through its modulation of fibrocyte function independent of antigen stimulation. IL-33 might partially reduce the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on fibrocyte-mediated Th2 responses.

IL-1 and IL-23 mediate early IL-17A production in pulmonary inflammation leading to late fibrosis.

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Paméla Gasse

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. METHODS: The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. RESULTS: We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt(+ γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ(+ T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology.

Canal Segarra-Garrigues: Transformación de un territorio, transformación de las personas

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Javier del Estal Malillos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El regadío del Sistema Segarra-Garrigues transformará una superficie de más de 95.000 Ha de secano en regadío.Siempre nos fijamos en los números macros de una actuación como esta: inversión, incremento de producción, hm3 de agua consumida, municipios afectados, propietarios beneficiados, etc. Pero no reparamos en la visión de las personas que se ven envueltas, de una forma u otra, por el cambio que supone la llegada del agua de riego. A través de exponer una serie de experiencias personales pretendo aportar datos que ayuden a quien desee analizar el nuevo regadío del Segarra-Garrigues desde una perspectiva menos técnica o económica y más social o antropológica. El cambio que perciben las personas del territorio es muy importante en muchos aspectos. Aporto las experiencias propias que en ocho años de contacto con las personas del territorio he considerado más significativas, y que proporcionan una óptica y una interpretación  diferente de la que utilizamos habitualmente los ingenieros.

Tradición y modernidad en la concepción del territorio turístico en el litoral bonaerense, Argentina 1920-1950

OpenAIRE

Bruno, Perla

2009-01-01

El propósito del trabajo es aportar a la comprensión de la transformación del territorio costero de la provincia de Buenos Aires –Argentina– a partir de la inclusión progresiva de prácticas turísticas entre las décadas del 20 y del 50 del siglo XX. Entendiendo el territorio como espacio de relaciones entre los grupos humanos y el medio físico natural, resultado de procesos históricos que le otorgan distintas formas y significados, se focaliza el análisis en la trabazón o articulación de dos p...

Quantitative Contribution of IL2Rγ to the Dynamic Formation of IL2-IL2R Complexes.

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Luis F Ponce

Full Text Available Interleukin-2 (IL2 is a growth factor for several immune cells and its function depends on its binding to IL2Rs in the cell membrane. The most accepted model for the assembling of IL2-IL2R complexes in the cell membrane is the Affinity Conversion Model (ACM. This model postulates that IL2R receptor association is sequential and dependent on ligand binding. Most likely free IL2 binds first to IL2Rα, and then this complex binds to IL2Rβ, and finally to IL2Rγ (γc. However, in previous mathematical models representing this process, the binding of γc has not been taken into account. In this work, the quantitative contribution of the number of IL2Rγ chain to the IL2-IL2R apparent binding affinity and signaling is studied. A mathematical model of the affinity conversion process including the γ chain in the dynamic, has been formulated. The model was calibrated by fitting it to experimental data, specifically, Scatchard plots obtained using human cell lines. This paper demonstrates how the model correctly explains available experimental observations. It was estimated, for the first time, the value of the kinetic coefficients of IL2-IL2R complexes interaction in the cell membrane. Moreover, the number of IL2R components in different cell lines was also estimated. It was obtained a variable distribution in the number of IL2R components depending on the cell type and the activation state. Of most significance, the study predicts that not only the number of IL2Rα and IL2Rβ, but also the number of γc determine the capacity of the cell to capture and retain IL2 in signalling complexes. Moreover, it is also showed that different cells might use different pathways to bind IL2 as consequence of its IL2R components distribution in the membrane.

L’uso delle tecnologie visive per documentare e rappresentare l’impatto di interventi futuri.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Galloni

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Le tecnologie visuali, e il disegno in particolare, mirano spesso a documentare gli impatti di interventi futuri, essendo esse, per natura, dei mezzi di comunicazione equiparabili al linguaggio, e dunque preposti a descrivere e dimostrare ciò che sta accadendo. Il disegno è, da sempre, il linguaggio universalmente valido e conosciuto: questa sua peculiarità deve far riflettere sulle sue potenzialità. Se da un lato ha la valenza di strumento chiarificatore dall’altro può essere visto come supporto e mezzo preventivo a un miglioramento di interventi futuri, architettonici o ambientali. Come i pittori, da Cimabue a Giotto, da Mantegna a Leonardo, a Raffaello, hanno creato con le loro tele, elevando il livello artistico e culturale del tempo, o i grandi architetti, da Palladio a Bramante fino a Le Corbusier hanno costruito con i loro progetti, così il disegno, material prima di pittori, di architetti, o di chiunque si accinga a realizzare un’idea in fieri, deve assumersi la responsabilità e il compito di “essere un bel disegno”, per migliorare ciò che più riguarda l’uomo: l’ambiente in cui vive.

The changes of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in serum of patients with asthma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chao; Liu Deyi; Hou Guihua; Wang Haodan

2002-01-01

To evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance between the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in patients with asthma, the serum IL-8, IL-10 are measured by radioimmunoassay method and the serum IL-12, IgE by ELISA in 55 patients with asthma. The level of serum IL-8, IgE at stage of episode are significantly higher than that at stage of remission (P<0.01); the level of serum IL-10, IL-12 at stage of episode are significantly lower than that at stage of remission (P<0.01). Linear regression shows that the decrease of IL-12 relate to the increase of IgE. The results suggests that the change of the level of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE could be a maker for the aggravation of asthma

Cytokines (interleukin-9, IL-17, IL-22, IL-25 and IL-33 and asthma

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Rahim Farahani

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction that is characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR, mucus secretion and thickening of the basement membrane underlying the airway epithelium. During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. It was believed that airway inflammation is orchestrated by allergen specific T helper (Th 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. Interleukin (IL-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33 in asthma. The potential therapeutic applications emerging from the roles of these cytokines will be discussed as well.

The dichotomous pattern of IL-12r and IL-23R expression elucidates the role of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammation.

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Gaëlle Chognard

Full Text Available IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines respectively drive Th1 and Th17 type responses. Yet, little is known regarding the biology of these receptors. As the IL-12 and IL-23 receptors share a common subunit, it has been assumed that these receptors are co-expressed. Surprisingly, we find that the expression of each of these receptors is restricted to specific cell types, in both mouse and human. Indeed, although IL-12Rβ2 is expressed by NK cells and a subset of γδ T cells, the expression of IL-23R is restricted to specific T cell subsets, a small number of B cells and innate lymphoid cells. By exploiting an IL-12- and IL-23-dependent mouse model of innate inflammation, we demonstrate an intricate interplay between IL-12Rβ2 NK cells and IL-23R innate lymphoid cells with respectively dominant roles in the regulation of systemic versus local inflammatory responses. Together, these findings support an unforeseen lineage-specific dichotomy in the in vivo role of both the IL-12 and IL-23 pathways in pathological inflammatory states, which may allow more accurate dissection of the roles of these receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.

Role of periostin, FENO, IL-13, lebrikzumab, other IL-13 antagonist and dual IL-4/IL-13 antagonist in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Agrawal, Swati; Townley, Robert G

2014-02-01

Asthma markedly diminishes quality of life due to limited activity, absences from work or school and hospitalizations. Patients with severe asthma which are not controlled despite taking effective therapy are most in need of new treatment approaches. IL-13 was demonstrated as 'central mediator of allergic asthma'. IL-13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. IL-13 levels in the sputum and bronchial biopsy samples remain elevated in severe asthma despite the use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids. Thus, IL-13 is a mediator involved in corticosteroid resistance. Periostin enhances profibrotic TGF-β signaling in subepithelial fibrosis associated with asthma. IL-13 induces bronchial epithelial cells to secrete periostin. Periostin may be a biomarker for Th2 induced airway inflammation. Lebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-13. Lebrikizumab improved lung function in asthmatics who were symptomatic despite treatment with long acting beta agonist and inhaled corticosteroids and provided benefit in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. Lebrikizumab block IL-13 signaling through the IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα receptor. There was a larger reduction in FENO in the high periostin subgroup than in the low periostin subgroup (34.4 vs 4.3%). Serum CCL17, CCL13 and total IgE levels decreased in the lebrikizumab group.

L'evoluzione del WEB GIS la filiera postgis-mapserver-geoext- openlayers per sviluppare piattaforme GIS complete, agili ed economiche

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Francesco Mariucci

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Spesso, nel nostro ambito, ci si sente dire che il GIS è un bene di lusso, dal quale, soprattutto in epoca di crisi economica, le piccole entità (sia in ambito pubblico che privato possono facilmente prescindere. Questo articolo vuole segnalare la presenzadi tecnologie non nuove ma consolidate che unite insieme possono costituire una base informatica flessibile e di costi ridotti per l'implementazione di piattaforme GIS dedicate che siano di supporto anche per le piccole realtà nella gestione di dati ed attività territoriali, con notevoli vantaggi sulla produttività e sull'immagine

IL-5 and IL-5 receptor in asthma

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ATC Kotsimbos

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophils, along with mast cells are key cells involved in the innate immune response against parasitic infection whereas the adaptive immune response is largely dependent on lymphocytes. In chronic parasitic disease and in chronic allergic disease, IL-5 is predominantly a T cell derived cytokine which is particularly important for the terminal differentiation, activation and survival of committed eosinophil precursors. The human IL-5 gene is located on chromosome 5 in a gene cluster that contains the evolutionary related IL-4 family of cytokine genes. The human IL-5 receptor complex is a heterodimer consisting of a unique a subunit (predominantly expressed on eosinophils and a beta subunit which is shared between the receptors for IL-3 & GM-CSF (more widely expressed. The a subunit is required for ligand-specific binding whereas association with the beta subunit results in increased binding affinity. The alternative splicing of the alphaIL-5R gene which contains 14 exons can yield several alphaIL-5R isoforms including a membrane-anchored isoform (alphaIL-5Rm and a soluble isoform (alphaIL-5Rs. Cytokines such as IL-5 produce specific and non-specific cellular responses through specific cell membrane receptor mediated activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways which, to a large part, regulate gene expression. The major intracellular signal transduction mechanism is activation of non-receptor associated tyrosine kinases including JAK and MAP kinases which can then transduce signals via a novel family of transcriptional factors named signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATS. JAK2, STAT1 and STAT 5 appear to be particularly important in IL-5 mediated eosinophil responses. Asthma is characterized by episodic airways obstruction, increased bronchial responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Several studies have shown an association between the number of activated T cells and eosinophils in the airways and abnormalities

LA MANCHA EN EL QUIJOTE: TERRITORIO Y LITERATURA PARA UNA GEOGRAFÍA DIDÁCTICA

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Lorenzo Sánchez López

2005-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN:Todas las acciones humanas se realizan en el tiempo y en el espacio con técnicas materiales o inmateriales que territorializan. La acción humana es técnica, territorial y temporal, y siempre consecuencia de la intención y la capacidad de acción. Realizada en el "lugar" que la posibilita, su desarrollo escalar depende de su intensidad y de la situación relacional del centro de la acción. Así, las intenciones pueden ser locales y sin embargo globales, dado que pueden afectar a todos los lugares en razón directa a la intensidad y a la situación relacional de los territorios con aquel "lugar" donde se genera el acontecimiento y en razón inversa a la distancia.. En el caso que proponemos , el "lugar", es La Mancha, territorio local y temporal de la percepción. La intención es la Justicia. La acción es universal, intemporal y didáctica..PALABRAS-CLAVE:Territorio, literatura, intención, acción, local, global.ABSTRACT:Al1 human actions are carried out intime or space with material or imrnaterial techniques which they territorialize. Human action is technical, territorial and temporal and is always a consequence of the intention and capacity of the action. Carried out in the "place" which makes it posible, its development increases depending upon its intensity and the relational situation of the centre of the actionKEY WORDS: Territory, literature, intention, action, global, localRÉSUMÉ: Toutes les actions humaines se realisent dans le temps e dants l-espace avec des techniques matérielles e inmatérielles qui font le temtoire, L-actión humaine est, technique, temtoriale et temporelle e toujours, conséquence de 1' intention et de la capacité d'actión. Réalisée dans "lieu" qui la rend possible, son développement scalaire depend de son intensité et de la situation de relactión du centre de 1' actión.MOTS CLÉ: Territoire, literatura, intentión, actión, global, local.

El mito de pristinidad y los usos efectivos del territorio de la región de Magallanes, Patagonia Chilena: Forestal, minería y acuicultura

OpenAIRE

Inostroza, Luis

2015-01-01

Los métodos de clasificación de usos del suelo en regiones remotas presentan dos serias limitaciones. La primera es la mixtura conceptual de usos con coberturas que no refleja el uso efectivo del territorio. Una segunda limitación es la ausencia de usos importantes como turismo, acuicultura y minería, que imponen importantes presiones sobre territorios frágiles. Este trabajo presenta un método para determinar los usos territoriales en la región de Magallanes en el extremo austral de Chile. Se...

Cambios en la organización económico-espacial de la fruticultura en territorios de La Araucanía, Chile

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Miguel Antonio Escalona-Ulloa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda el potencial de expansión de la actividad frutícola en la región de La Araucanía, identificando territorios que presentan aptitud para su desarrollo futuro. Se realiza un análisis histórico y se elabora un modelo espacial para definir áreas aptas, el resultado permite reconocer la existencia de dos territorios específicos: Malleco Norte, conformados por Angol, Renaico y Collipulli, y Cautín sur, integrado por las comunas de Freire, Pitrufquén, Gorbea, Loncoche y Villarrica, en estos espacios es posible expandir aún más la actividad pero se requiere mejorar la infraestructura e incorporar un enfoque territorial al desarrollo productivo regional.

Biodiversidad, cultura y territorio

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Evelinda Santiago

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Después de una destrucción sistemática de la naturaleza durante varios decenios, el discurso de la biodiversidad es la réplica de lo que podría llamarse "la irrupción de lo biológico"; esto es, la supervivencia de lo biótico como problema central del orden moderno; en este sentido, el discurso de la biodiversidad se declara garante para salvar a la naturaleza de las prácticas destructoras y solvente para instituir en su lugar una cultura de la conservación. Sin embargo, el discurso aún tiene vacíos que se ha pretendido llenar a través de debates que últimamente han versado sobre la importancia que tiene el conocimiento local, las formas de vida -usos y costumbres- y la producción tradicional, dentro del andamiaje que soporta el significado de la biodiversidad. Por una parte, para los gobiernos de los países industrializados y las instituciones gubernamentales internacionales el conocimiento tradicional es un bien de la humanidad que cuando es mejorado se convierte en una innovación tecnológica susceptible de ser patentada y fi nalmente comercializada, sin que los dueños del conocimiento base se beneficien en ningún momento. Por otro lado, para campesinos, intelectuales y activistas el conocimiento local, las formas de vida y la producción tradicional son la base para reconstruir el territorio de campesinos e indígenas, para fortalecer la cierta autonomía y autosuficiencia en la que viven; pero con su participación activa en la defi nición de todo aquello que les impacte. A partir de estas reflexiones se están construyendo espacios que den respuesta a la privatización, respuesta fundamentada en el concepto de "lo comunal" (Grain, 2005.

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Relationship with IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL 22, and IL-35

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P. Bayrak Degirmenci

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background. We aimed in our study to research the role of new cytokines such as IL-35, IL-22, and IL-17 that may form a target for novel treatment approaches. Methods. IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-35 serum levels of allergic rhinitis (AR patients were measured using ELISA method. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by the skin prick test. Patients only with olive tree sensitivity were evaluated for seasonal AR (SAR. Patients only with mite sensitivity were included in the study for perennial AR (PAR. AR clinic severity was demonstrated by the nasal symptom scores (NSS. Results. In total, 65 AR patients (patient group, having 31 PAR and 34 SAR patients, and 31 healthy individuals (control group participated in the study. Cytokine levels between the patient group and the control group were compared; IL-17 (p=0.038, IL-22 (p=0.001, and TGF-β (p=0.031 were detected as high in the patient group, and IFN-γ (p<0.001 was detected as low in the patient group. When correlation analysis was made between age, gender, prick test result, NSS, AR duration, and cytokine levels in the patient group, a negative correlation was detected only between IFN-γ (p=0.032/r=−0.266 level and NSS. Conclusions. Accompanied by the literature information, these results made us think that T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important role in AR immunopathogenesis. It is thought that future studies to be conducted relating to this subject will form new targets in treatment.

CONFLICTOS SOCIALES Y POLÍTICOS POR LOS TERRITORIOS INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO

OpenAIRE

Ventura Patiño, Carmen

2012-01-01

Nos proponemos analizar las disputas que protagonizan los pueblos indígenas en la defensa de su territorio y sus recursos naturales, principalmente frente a grupos mestizos, pero también con otros pueblos indígenas. Los conflictos agrarios por la indefinición de linderos, por la propiedad y posesión, son algunas de las expresiones de tensión, que han puesto en riesgo la gobernabilidad de las regiones, por los enfrentamientos violentos que han traído consigo muertos y heridos y el rompimiento ...

Space of exposure. Brevi note per un urbanistica verticale

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Lorenzo Tripodi

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Solo qualche anno fa, all’apice della più radicale visione modernista, il discorso comune dava per spacciata la città, quanto meno nella sua tradizionale connotazione di centralità che organizza il territorio, superata dalla suburbanizzazione diffusa ed informe, riassorbita in una supercittà distribuita ovunque e senza luoghi. Se è vero che la tendenza allo sprawl urbano non si è certo arrestata e che la produzione di spazi suburbani continua ad essere parte consistente dei processi di strutturazione del territorio, gli ultimi decenni sono stati indubbia- mente quelli della rivincita urbana: una urban renaissance annunciata e compiuta attraverso programmi di riqualificazione, riconversione e marketing che ha ritrovato il centro – quello storico quanto quello di nuovo sviluppo – quale elemento ordinatore del paesaggio globale e catalizzatore delle nuove economie.

Nuove Tecnologie per il Monitoraggio e la Gestione dei giardini storici

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Maurizio Romani

2012-07-01

Full Text Available ItSotto la spinta dei cambiamenti socio-economici e di significativi progressi tecnici, la gestione dei giardini storici e degli spazi verdi in genere, sta vivendo un periodo di forte cambiamento ed evoluzione. Nel tentativo di razionalizzare l’uso delle risorse naturali e umane, nascono nuovi servizi che fanno intravedere la necessità di creare specifiche figure professionali, in grado di colmare in tempi rapidi il divario tra le potenzialità applicative offerte dalle nuove tecnologie e le diverse realtà operative, ancora legate all’uso di pratiche e metodologie tradizionali. Anche nel settore dei giardini e dei parchi storici è giunto il momento di approfondire i temi relativi alla loro conservazione e valorizzazione, che oggi sono strettamente legati a una concreta sostenibilità economica e ambientale delle pratiche di gestione e di promozione. Queste considerazioni sono state alla base di una serie di iniziative e di progetti promossi a livello nazionale ed europeo, che, grazie all’integrazione di strumenti ICT, SMART-Sensors e IA, in alcuni casi si sono concretizzati nella realizzazione di metodologie e soluzioni di grande interesse operativo.Le procedure e i criteri presentati in questo articolo sono il risultato dell’attività di ricerca e trasferimento tecnologico condotta dal CNR-IBIMET di Firenze negli ultimi dieci anni. Già nella sua versione prototipale, il sistema proposto mostra tutte le sue potenzialità di monitoraggio e supporto alle attività gestionali e manutentive degli spazi verdi, aprendo la strada a una progressiva automazione e virtualizzazione delle procedure (creazione di scenari, elementi essenziali per la successiva valorizzazione e promozione del bene a livello sociale e culturale.In particolare, oltre allo schema logico del sistema, si discutono alcune tra le funzioni di monitoraggio di maggiore interesse (disponibilità idrica, stato fitosanitario e fenologia, evidenziando quali siano i vantaggi

El mito de pristinidad y los usos efectivos del territorio de la región de Magallanes, Patagonia Chilena: Forestal, minería y acuicultura

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Inostroza, Luis

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The current classification methods of land use in remote regions have two serious limitations. The first is the conceptual mixture between land uses and covers, which does not reflect the actual direct use of land. A second limitation is the absence of important uses such as tourism, aquaculture and mining, which impose significant pressures on fragile territories. This paper presents a land use classification method developed specifically for the region of Magellan in the extreme south of Chile. It is a land use classification wide and conceptually clear, which allows an effective determination of the range of land exploitations in Patagonia, determining which areas are used and which remain unused. The method is based entirely on a GIS and is a key input for improving land management. The analysis shows a high percentage of direct use, contrary to the existing pristine perception, which imposes significant challenges for current land management strategies.Los métodos de clasificación de usos del suelo en regiones remotas presentan dos serias limitaciones. La primera es la mixtura conceptual de usos con coberturas que no refleja el uso efectivo del territorio. Una segunda limitación es la ausencia de usos importantes como turismo, acuicultura y minería, que imponen importantes presiones sobre territorios frágiles. Este trabajo presenta un método para determinar los usos territoriales en la región de Magallanes en el extremo austral de Chile. Se trata de una clasificación de usos del suelo elaborada específicamente para este territorio, conceptualmente clara y amplia, que permite establecer el alcance efectivo de las explotaciones territoriales, determinando qué territorios son utilizados y cuales permanecen sin uso. El método está basado íntegramente en un SIG y constituye un insumo clave para mejorar la gestión territorial. El análisis refleja un alto porcentaje de uso directo, contrario a la percepción de pristinidad existente

Valutazione e mappatura dei servizi culturali nei paesaggi terrazzati. Il caso studio della Costiera Amalfitana

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Antonia Gravagnuolo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available I paesaggi culturali rappresentano una risorsa fondamentale per lo sviluppo sostenibile. Tra questi, i paesaggi terrazzati sono classificati come paesaggi culturali “evolutivi viventi” (UNESCO, 2012, espressione della storica interrelazione tra uomo e territorio. Attualmente molti paesaggi terrazzati sono considerati a rischio a causa delle mutate condizioni socio-economiche. L’esigenza della conservazione e di una gestione efficace di questo eccezionale patrimonio pone la questione dell’identificazione di funzioni e valori complessi del paesaggio, tenendo conto di bisogni, visioni e preferenze delle comunità locali. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di identificare valori e servizi del paesaggio terrazzato sulla base della teoria dei servizi ecosistemici. Viene affrontato il tema della valutazione e mappatura dei servizi culturali, con riferimento al paesaggio terrazzato della Costiera Amalfitana in Campania. Le categorie di servizi sono state valutate con il coinvolgimento della comunità locale attraverso un questionario semi-strutturato somministrato online ad un campione di 147 soggetti. L’integrazione tra valutazione multicriterio e analisi spaziale in ambito GIS (Geographic Information System ha condotto alla costruzione di mappe dei servizi culturali che permettono di visualizzare in maniera sintetica le relazioni complesse che legano l’uomo al paesaggio. Gli strumenti di mapping collaborativo (Volunteered Geographic Information – VGI sono stati utilizzati per la costruzione di alcune delle mappe dei servizi culturali, integrando i risultati del questionario con i dati relativi all’esperienza diretta degli utenti.

Il nucleo terrestre: il cuore magnetico della Terra

OpenAIRE

De Santis, A.

2006-01-01

Il campo magnetico terrestre è una proprietà intrinseca del nostro pianeta e di altri oggetti del sistema solare. Il Sole stesso possiede un forte campo magnetico che si inverte quasi ciclicamente ogni 10-11 anni; tale comportamento è visibile attraverso la medesima ciclicità delle macchie solari che denotano sulla superficie l’intensa attività magnetica della nostra stella. Il campo magnetico terrestre è importantissimo per la vita sulla Terra. Esso protegge il pianeta dalle p...

Tecnologie e dati spaziali per una moderna governance del territorio Strumenti a supporto per una riforma del catasto

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a cura della redazione MediaGEO

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This article outlines the methods and activities of the sector mapping in support of the important process of renewal of the entirecadastral system. Describes the modern technologies and spatialdata available today that can assist in setting up complex issues of reforming the system of quantities cadastral and, more generally, in the processes for the fight against tax evasion in real estate.

IL-17A, IL-17RC polymorphisms and IL17 plasma levels in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Science.gov (United States)

Chahbi, Mayssa; Haouami, Youssra; Sfar, Imen; Abdelmoula, Leila; Ben Abdallah, Taieb; Gorgi, Yousr

2018-01-01

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine mainly secreted by Th17 cells, seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Functional genetic polymorphisms in IL-17 and its receptor genes can influence either qualitatively or quantitatively their functions. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of IL17-A and IL17RC polymorphisms on plasma level of IL-17 and RA susceptibility and severity. Methods In this context, IL-17A*rs2275913 and IL-17RC*rs708567 polymorphisms were investigated together with the quantification of IL17 plasma level in 115 RA patients and 91 healthy control subjects matched in age, sex and ethnic origin. Results There were no statistically significant associations between IL-17A and IL-17RC studied polymorphisms and RA susceptibility. In contrast, IL-17A plasma levels were significantly higher in patients (55.07 pg/ml) comparatively to controls (4.75 pg/ml), p<10E-12. A ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of plasma IL-17 in detecting RA. Given 100% specificity, the highest sensitivity of plasma IL-17A was 61.7% at a cut-off value of 18.25 pg/ml; p < 10E-21, CI = [0.849–0.939]. Analytic results showed that the IgM-rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies were significantly less frequent in patients with the IL-17RC*A/A genotype than those carrying *G/G and *G/A genotypes; p = 0.013 and p = 0.015, respectively. Otherwise, IL-17 plasma levels’ analysis showed a significant association with the activity of RA (DAS28≥5.1 = 74.71 pg/ml vs. DAS28<5.1 = 11.96 pg/ml), p<10E-6. Conclusion IL-17A*rs2275913 (G/A) and IL-17RC*rs708567 (G/A) polymorphisms did not seem to influence RA susceptibility in Tunisian population. This result agrees with those reported previously. Plasma IL-17A level seems to be predictive of severe RA occurrence. PMID:29584788

Più turismo con il GIS

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Erminio Paolo Canavese

2015-02-01

Full Text Available In questa case history Virtualgeo presenta la sua soluzione per diffondere l’uso delle nuove tecnologie geomatiche a supporto del turismo grazie a un WebGIS ricco di funzionalità. La realizzazione di un percorso turistico digitale auspica di fornire possibili suggerimenti all’interno del processo di adeguamento tecnologico perseguito dalle municipalità.In this case study Virtualgeo presents its solution to spread the use of new geomatics technologies to support tourism through a webGIS that is rich of features. The creation of a tourist route through digital technology-based processing tools hopes to provide possible suggestions in the process of technological updating pursued by the municipalities of Eastern Venice, providing those simple solutions that become more and more "necessary" in an era constructed through the network. The created webGIS is a tourist product that is useful for the institutions directly concerned with the promotion of the territory; for the "natives", i.e. the citizens who often know little the area where they live, and for the eco-tourists visiting this wonderful land. The webGIS should not be neglected as an extraordinary tool of knowledge of the area (cultural heritage, landscape, environment for teaching in schools of all levels.

Più turismo con il GIS

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Erminio Paolo Canavese

2015-02-01

Full Text Available In questa case history Virtualgeo presenta la sua soluzione per diffondere l’uso delle nuove tecnologie geomatiche a supporto del turismo grazie a un WebGIS ricco di funzionalità. La realizzazione di un percorso turistico digitale auspica di fornire possibili suggerimenti all’interno del processo di adeguamento tecnologico perseguito dalle municipalità. In this case study Virtualgeo presents its solution to spread the use of new geomatics technologies to support tourism through a webGIS that is rich of features. The creation of a tourist route through digital technology-based processing tools hopes to provide possible suggestions in the process of technological updating pursued by the municipalities of Eastern Venice, providing those simple solutions that become more and more "necessary" in an era constructed through the network. The created webGIS is a tourist product that is useful for the institutions directly concerned with the promotion of the territory; for the "natives", i.e. the citizens who often know little the area where they live, and for the eco-tourists visiting this wonderful land. The webGIS should not be neglected as an extraordinary tool of knowledge of the area (cultural heritage, landscape, environment for teaching in schools of all levels.

Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Hua; Ding, Qiang; Jiang, Hao-Wen

2014-01-01

We aimed to investigate the associations between polymorphisms of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. A comprehensive search for articles of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved articles published up to August 3, 2014 was performed. Methodological quality assessment of the trials was based on a standard quality scoring system. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. We included 9 studies (1 study for IL-1A, 5 studies for IL-1B, and 3 studies for IL-1RN), and significant association was found between polymorphisms of IL-1B-511 (rs16944) as well as IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) and PCa risk. IL-1B-511 (rs16944) polymorphism was significantly associated with PCa risk in homozygote and recessive models, as well as allele contrast (TT vs CC: OR, 0.74; 95%CI, 0.58-0.94; P=0.012; TT vs TC+CC; OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-0.98; P=0.033; T vs C: OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.77-0.96; P=0.008). The association between IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) polymorphism and PCa risk was weakly significant under a heterozygote model (OR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.00-1.80; P=0.047). Sequence variants in IL-1B-511 (rs16944) and IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) are significantly associated with PCa risk, which provides additional novel evidence that proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation play an important role in the etiology of PCa.

Los espacios naturales protegidos como categoría en la ordenación del territorio. El caso de la comunidad autónoma andaluza

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M.ª Luisa Gómez Moreno

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la incidencia de la declaración de espacios naturales protegidos en la ordenación del territorio de la comunidad autónoma andaluza según las siguientes líneas: 1.-Origen; 2.-La relación con elementos del territorio andaluz; 3.-Aportaciones de su gestión a la ordenación del territorio y a las políticas sectoriales correspondientes a medio ambiente y desarrollo rural; 4.-Las perspectivas que abre el cambio de legislación introducido por la Ley 42/2007. Los resultados de este análisis ponen de manifiesto que la lógica de la función de los espacios naturales protegidos en Andalucía responde a una escala de comunidad autónoma en cuanto a objetivos de planificación sectorial enfocada a la conservación de los factores bióticos y abióticos y al suministro de bienes ambientales y a una escala municipal respecto a la planificación urbana pero desatiende de facto objetivos de planificación sectorial destinada al desarrollo rural de escala municipal supramunicipal.

Cord Blood Cells Responses to IL2, IL7 and IL15 Cytokines for mTOR Expression

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Anahita Mohammadian

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORis important in hematopoiesis and affect cell growth,differentiation and survival. Although previous studies were identified the effect of cytokines on the mononuclear cells development however the cytokines effect on mTOR in cord blood mononuclear cells was unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate mTOR expression in cord blood mononuclear and cord blood stem cells (CD34+ cells in culture conditions for lymphoid cell development. Methods: Isolation of The mononuclear cells (MNCs from umbilical cord blood were done with use of Ficollpaque density gradient. We evaluated cultured cord blood mononuclear and CD34+ cells in presece of IL2, IL7 and IL15 at distinct time points during 21 days by using flow cytometry. In this study, we presented the role of IL2, IL7 and IL15 on the expression of mTOR in cord blood cells. Results: mTOR expression were increased in peresence of IL2, IL7 and IL15 in day 14 and afterword reduced. However in persence of IL2 and IL15 expression of mTOR significantly reduced. mTOR expression in CD34+ cells decreased significantly from day7 to day 21 in culture. Conclusion: cytokines play important role in mTOR expression during hematopoiesis and development of cord blood mononuclear cells.

El Estado sin territorio: La desaparición del territorio debido al cambio climático

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Mariano J. Aznar Gómez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Diversos y fundados análisis científicos demuestran que una de las derivadas del denominado “cambio climático” es el calentamiento global del planeta y, con él, la posible elevación significativa de los niveles de mares y océanos en el planeta. Ello podría suponer, en determinados casos, la desaparición bajo las aguas de amplias porciones del territorio de diversos Estados, muy particularmente de ciertos Estados archipelágicos del Pacífico que podrían ver, incluso, la total desaparición de sus espacios terrestres. Con ello desaparecería uno de los elementos constitutivos del Estado, cuestionándose entonces sus efectos en la soberanía e, incluso, en la propia existencia de dicho Estado. Quedaría igualmente afectado otro elemento de la estatalidad: la población, que podría verse desplazada conformando una nueva tipología de “desplazados climáticos”. El Derecho internacional actual ofrece diversas soluciones a dichos problemas, si bien parte de la adopción de esas soluciones implicarían la asunción de opciones políticas de cierta envergadura con efectos jurídicos reseñables. Este trabajo analiza parte de estas cuestiones, proponiendo algunas de las mismas como posibles soluciones a la posible alteración territorial o la desaparición de ciertos Estados debida al cambio climático.

La necropoli neolitica a domus de janas di S. Pietro di Sorres in Comune di Borutta - Sassari

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Pier Paolo Soro

2009-05-01

Full Text Available La necropoli di Sorres si trova nel territorio del Comune di Borutta in provincia di Sassari. E’ ubicata lungo il versante SE del colle di Sorres, sul quale sorge imponente la chiesa in stile romanico di San Pietro di Sorres (XI-XII sec. sede dell’antica diocesi medievale. La necropoli è composta attualmente da cinque tombe a grotticella artificiale del tipo a domus de janas, scavate nella roccia calcara durante il neolitico recente ed in uso per tutto l’eneolitico. Si presume che fosse l’area sepolcrale dell’insediamento in grotta di Ulàri, una cavità carsica di notevoli dimensioni il cui ingresso si apre lungo il versante Nord del colle; la grotta ha restituito testimonianze archeologiche che vanno dal neolitico media fino al medioevo. La necropoli di Sorres, sebbene sia stata rimaneggiata nella forma degli ambienti ipogei e nella destinazione d’uso, costituisce una delle principali testimonianze del capillare tessuto insediativo del territorio del nord Sardegna.

Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-1β-Stimulated IL-8 Production in KB Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Na, Hee Sam; Song, Yu Ri; Kim, Seyeon; Heo, Jun-Young; Chung, Hae-Young; Chung, Jin

2016-06-01

Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is elevated in oral diseases including gingivitis, stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and perpetuate inflammatory responses. This study investigates stimulatory effects of salivary IL-1β in IL-8 production and determines if aloin inhibits IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production in epithelial cells. Saliva was collected from volunteers to determine IL-1β and IL-8 levels. Samples from volunteers were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high IL-1β levels. KB cells were stimulated with IL-1β or saliva with or without IL-1 receptor agonist or specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK protein expression involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion was detected by Western blot. KB cells were pretreated with aloin, and its effect on IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Saliva with high IL-1β strongly stimulated IL-8 production in KB cells, and IL-1 receptor agonist significantly inhibited IL-8 production. Low IL-1β-containing saliva did not increase IL-8 production. IL-1β treatment of KB cells induced activation of MAPK signaling molecules as well as nuclear factor-kappa B. IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was decreased by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor treatment. Aloin pretreatment inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited activation of the p38 and ERK signaling pathway. Finally, aloin pretreatment also inhibited saliva-induced IL-8 production. Results indicated that IL-1β in saliva stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and that aloin effectively inhibits salivary IL-1β-induced IL-8 production by mitigating the p38 and ERK pathway. Therefore, aloin may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.

IL-1 family members IL-18 and IL-33 upregulate the inflammatory potential of differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blom, Lars; Poulsen, Lars K.

2012-01-01

The IL-1 family members IL-1ß, IL-18, and IL-33 are potent cytokines in relationship to amplifying the CD4(+) T cell cytokine production. To evaluate their impact on in vitro-differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures, such cultures were established from naive T cells, purified from healthy blood...... donors, and reactivated in the presence of IL-1ß, IL-18, or IL-33. Interestingly, we observe modifying responses in Th1 and Th2 cultures induced by IL-18 or IL-33 but not by IL-1ß, both contributing to amplify production of IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-¿. IL-18 or IL-33 stimulation of Th1 cultures resulted...... in increased IFN-¿ and IL-13 production concurrent with reduced IL-10 gene transcription and secretion even though Th1 cultures, in contrast to IL-18Ra, had low ST2L expression. Furthermore, adding IL-18 to Th1 cultures promoted Tbet mRNA expression and production. Th2 cultures stimulated with IL-18 or IL-33...

Il paesaggio di Matera nell'interpretazione cinematografica / Matera landscape in the cinematographic interpretation

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Angelo Bencivenga

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Una definizione classica inquadra il paesaggio come natura percepita attraverso una cultura. Sulla "storicità" del paesaggio, alcuni autori hanno sottolineato la capacità del cinema di registrare le trasformazioni del territorio e allo stesso tempo di orientare lo sguardo su di esso. La Basilicata, a partire dal secondo dopoguerra, è stata terra di cinema; più di quaranta produzioni cinematografiche sono state realizzate sul suolo lucano. Una tendenza dominante, da Il Vangelo secondo Matteo di Pier Paolo Pasolini a Cristo si è fermato a Eboli di Francesco Rosi, ha messo in luce la condizione di miseria e arretratezza della Basilicata, influenzata da autori come Carlo Levi ed Ernesto De Martino. Interessante è il caso di Matera che, da espressione cinematografica di tale tendenza interpretativa, è diventata teatro di opere filmiche - come The Passion di Mel Gibson - che hanno contribuito a formare l'immagine di una città quasi mistica e culturalmente attiva. A classical definition of landscape is "nature perceived through a culture". On the "historicity" of the landscape, some authors have underlined the cinema’s capacity  to register the transformations of the territory and, at the same time, to direct the gaze on it. Since the end of the Second World War, the Basilicata region has been a film location; more than forty full length movies have been shot in Basilicata. Most of them, from The gospel according to St. Matthew by Pier Paolo Pasolini to Christ stopped at Eboli by Francesco Rosi, have shown the misery and the backwardness of Basilicata, inspired by the works of some authors as Carlo Levi and Ernesto De Martino. Matera is an interesting case study: from expression of this cinematic representation, in the last years it has become the location of some movies - like The Passion by Mel Gibson - that have had an important role in building the image of Matera as an almost mystic and culturally dynamic city.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Logsdon, Naomi J.; Allen, Christopher E.; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.; Walter, Mark R. (Cornell); (UAB)

2012-02-08

Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10-family cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity in skin and other tissues. In addition to protecting the host from various external pathogens, dysregulated IL-20 signaling has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of human psoriasis. IL-20 signals through two cell-surface receptor heterodimers, IL-20R1-IL-20R2 and IL-22R1-IL-20R2. In this report, crystals of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 ternary complex have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. The crystals belonged to space group P4{sub 1}2{sub 1}2 or P4{sub 3}2{sub 1}2, with unit-cell parameters a = 111, c = 135 {angstrom}, and diffracted X-rays to 3 {angstrom} resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains one IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex, corresponding to a solvent content of approximately 54%.

Study on the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Wenjing

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis. Methods: Serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels were measured with RIA in 38 patients with diabetic nephrosis and 36 controls. Results: Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephrosis than those in controls (P<0.01), but serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower in the patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: These cytokines participated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephrosis. Monitoring the changes of their serum levels was helpful for the management of the disease. (authors)

Expression of IL-18, IL-18 Binding Protein, and IL-18 Receptor by Normal and Cancerous Human Ovarian Tissues: Possible Implication of IL-18 in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Carcinoma

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Liat Medina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 has been shown to be elevated in the sera of ovarian carcinoma patients. The aim of the study was to examine the levels and cellular origin of IL-18, IL-18 binding protein, and IL-18 receptor in normal and cancerous ovarian tissues. Ovarian tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemical staining for IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R and mRNA of these cytokines was analyzed with semiquantitative PT-PCR. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.0007, IL-18BP levels were significantly higher in normal ovarian tissues (P=0.04, and the ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP was significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.036. Cancerous ovarian tissues expressed significantly higher IL-18 mRNA levels (P=0.025, while there was no difference in the expression of IL-18BP mRNA and IL-18R mRNA between cancerous and normal ovarian tissues. IL-18 and IL-18BP were expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of both cancerous and normal ovarian tissues, while IL-18R was expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of cancerous ovarian tissues but expressed similarly in the epithelial and stromal cells of normal cancerous tissues. This study indicates a possible role of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Concentración y uso corporativo del territorio en Argentina: la lógica territorial de Carrefour

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Josefina Di Nucci

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se propone en este trabajo estudiar las empresas comerciales en cadenas que, por su elevado gra-do de tecnología, organización y concentración del capital, usan de manera diferencial y jerárqui-ca el territorio. Los supermercados en Argentina poseen un mercado cada vez más concentrado y oligopolizado resultado del proceso de fusiones y adquisiciones en ese sector y otros afines. Se analiza la lógica de Carrefour durante la última década y su accionar en la provincia de Buenos Aires y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se cuenta con una base de datos propia compuesta por la cantidad de establecimientos y su localización espacial. Estos datos han sido extraídos de la página oficial de dicha compañía. Se observa que esta empresa acrecentó su participación en el mercado a través de la difusión de sus establecimientos por el territorio, fundamentalmente con la apertura de tiendas de cercanía o proximidad y la incorporación de un alto porcentaje de productos de marcas propias.

Confrontación, territorio y "espiritualidad". El lugar de los rituales mapuche en el proceso del poder.

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Hernán Horacio Schiaffini

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Indagamos en torno a la organización y el desarrollo de rituales mapuche en el noroeste de Chubut y sudoeste de Río Negro, situando el desarrollo de estas ceremonias en el marco de las luchas por el territorio que atraviesan las familias, las comunidades y las organizaciones de la zona, así como las alianzas políticas y sociales que elaboran. Sostenemos que, en la actualidad, jerarquizar analíticamente la esfera de las confrontaciones permite observar cómo el ritual y el territorio se articulan a través de la construcción de fuerzas sociales. Ponemos especial énfasis en demostrar la vigencia y eficacia de las celebraciones rituales, sin que este carácter “instrumental” niegue sus contenidos mitológicos y filosóficos en constante renovación. Para ello damos cuenta de su organización y sentidos, revisamos la historia de los grupos mapuche en Argentina y describimos y analizamos algunos casos etnográficos, basándonos en el trabajo de campo realizado en la región desde 2009.

DE MUNICIPIOS Y TERRITORIOS: CENTRALIDAD Y MARGINALIDAD EN LA ORGANIZACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO RURAL DEL MUNICIPIO FLAVIO DE LOS BAÑALES (UNCASTILLO, ZARAGOZA

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Javier Andreu Pintado

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo da cuenta de los resultados de la VI Campaña de Prospecciones Arqueológicas llevada a cabo en el marco del Plan de Investigación de la Fundación Uncastillo en la ciudad romana de Los Bañales. A partir de la presentación de siete nuevos yacimientos de carácter rural y de la revisión intensiva del territorio circundante a los mismos se realiza un análisis de los patrones del poblamiento rural en tornoa la ciudad romana a partir de delimitar los que –entre la época de Augusto y la Tardoantigüedad– debieron ser los elementos dinamizadores del poblamiento y los que, por el contrario, explicarían la aparente marginalidad –respecto de la ciudad– de algunos enclaves como el del posible uicus romano de El Zaticón de Biota y otros de la margen izquierda del curso del río Arba.

Clinical significance of changes of levels of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and gastrin in patients with chronic eczema

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Haifeng; Bi Mingye; Shi Hejian

2009-01-01

Objective: To study the significance of changes of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema. Methods: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin were determined with RIA in 30 patients with chronic eczema and 30 controls. Results: The levels of serum IL-2 were significantly lower in the eczema patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Both serum IL-10 and Gastrin levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Determination of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema would be of help in monitoring the disease process and outcome prediction. (authors)

Clases y territorio: construcción de subjetividades en los movimientos sociales

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Gerardo Avalle

2009-07-01

Full Text Available La trayectoria de la conflictividad social durante los últimos años en Argentina hace visibles significativos cambios en el vínculo existente entre la población desocupada y el Estado, lo que consecuentemente provocó una alteración en las modalidades y espacios de organización y supervivencia de los sectores populares. Ante ello, el territorio comienza a perfilarse como el escenario privilegiado donde acontecen las diferentes acciones, además de actuar como anclaje de subjetividades y catalizador de problemáticas compartidas. El presente texto se propone analizar los sentidos que emergen en relación al concepto de "clase" y "territorio" a partir de comprender los índices semánticos, marcas simbólicas, desplazamientos que operan en la cotidianeidad barrial, actores y problemáticas que los referencian. Para ello se analizan entrevistas realizadas a algunos movimientos piqueteros de Córdoba, utilizando las herramientas que provee el análisis de contenido.The path of social conflict during the last years in Argentina shows significant changes on the bonds between the unemployed population and the State. As a consequence, alterations in modalities and spaces of organization and survival among the popular sectors have occurred. Related with this, the territory begins to be outlined as the privileged scene where different actions happen. Besides, it acts as anchorage of subjectivities and as a catalyst of shared problems. The present article proposes to analyze the senses emerged from the concepts of "class" and "territory", understanding the semantic indexes and symbolic marks, the displacements produced in the ordinary life in the neighborhood and the actors and problems involved. In order to reach this objective, we analyze interviews realized to some picketers movements in Córdoba, using the tools provides by the analysis of content.

Clinical significance of determination of some serum cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, M-CSF) levels in patients with periodontitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei Dong; Zhang Xiaolei; Yang Chunxiu; Chen Guanghua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the significance of changes of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels in patients with periodontitis. Methods: Serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, M-CSF (with RIA) and IL-18 (with ELISA) were measured in 55 patients with periodontitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF were significantly higher in the patients than those in the controls (P<0.01). After one month of treatment, the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels decreased somewhat, but were still significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was disturbance of immunomodulation in patients with periodontitis as expressed by the changes of several cytokines levels in the eourse of the diseases. (authors)

Relations Between Serum Essential Fatty Acids, Cytokines (IL-6 & IL ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between free radical generation, interleukins (IL-6 & IL-8), apoptotic marker soluble Fas (sFas), and the level of ... IL-6, IL-8 and sFas whereas serum fatty acid revealed that Linoleicacid (LA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly decreased in the studied cases .

Identification and Characterization of a Novel IL-4 Receptor α Chain (IL-4Rα Antagonist to Inhibit IL-4 Signalling

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Nayyar Ahmed

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: In recent times, allergy has become a financial, physical and psychological burden to the society as a whole. In allergic cascades, cytokine IL-4 binds to IL-4 receptor (IL-4R, consequently producing allergen-specific IgE antibodies by B cells. In addition, among other functions, IL-4 is also responsible for B and T cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, characterization of novel antagonists that inhibit IL-4 signalling forms the overall aim of this study. Methods: Phage display was used to screen a random 12-mer synthetic peptide library with a human IL-4Rα to identify peptide candidates. Once identified, the peptides were commercially synthesized and used for in vitro immunoassays. Results: We have successfully used phage display to identify M13 phage clones that demonstrated specific binding to IL-4Rα. The peptide N1 was synthesized for use in ELISA, demonstrating significant binding to IL-4Rα and inhibiting interaction with cytokine IL-4. Furthermore, the peptide was tested in a transfected HEK-Blue IL-4 reporter cell line model, which produces alkaline phosphatase (AP. QUANTI-Blue, a substrate, breaks down in the presence of AP producing a blue coloration. Using this colorimetric analysis, >50% inhibition of IL-4 signalling was achieved. Conclusion: We have successfully identified and characterised a synthetic peptide antagonist against IL-4Rα, which effectively inhibits IL-4 interaction with the IL-4Rα in vitro. Since IL-4 interaction with IL-4Rα is a common pathway for many allergies, a prophylactic treatment can be devised by inhibiting this interaction for future treatment of allergies.

La vocazione territoriale tra approccio sistemico e situazionista: analisi di una collaborazione culture driven tra aziende del made in Italy attraverso il caso del Contratto di Rete Polo Alta Moda Area Vestina / The territorial vocation between the “systemic” approach and the “situationist” approach: analysis of a culture-driven collaboration between Made-in-Italy firms. The case of the network contract of “Polo Alta Moda Area Vestina

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Elena Cedrola

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Il presente lavoro si propone di mostrare come una collaborazione culture driven tra aziende del made in Italy possa innescare un processo virtuoso capace di alimentare la competitività d’impresa. Nello specifico, intende verificare la validità di una nuova chiave di lettura dei processi di governance del territorio, detta situazionista, che affianca la concezione prevalente in letteratura, definita unitaria o sistemica. Il punto di discrepanza principale tra le due visioni sembra essere quello della vocazione territoriale. Pur riconoscendo entrambe la presenza di interessi condivisi tra gli attori, la visione situazionista non riconosce alla vocazione la funzione “razionalizzante” riscontrabile nell’approccio sistemico. A seguito di una sintetica review della letteratura sui temi del territorio come cultura condivisa, sulla dimensione reticolare territoriale ed extraterritoriale e sul contratto di rete, verrà introdotto lo studio di un contratto di rete stipulato l’8 giugno 2010 tra le aziende che costituiscono il Polo Alta Moda Area Vestina. Attraverso le evidenze emerse da alcune interviste in profondità, sarà indagato il ruolo dell’azienda Brioni nella duplice veste di key player del territorio e di impresa capofila del contratto di rete analizzato e saranno esaminati gli altri attori che compongono il Polo Alta Moda. Le interviste realizzate hanno coinvolto i manager dell’impresa capofila del contratto di rete, il vice presidente Confindustria Pescara e presidente della Sezione Unificata Sistema Moda Chieti Pescara e il direttore delle fondazioni partecipanti al contratto.   This case study aims to validate how a culture-driven collaboration between firms could trigger the competitiveness of a Country, starting from a specific territorial culture. Specifically, it intends to investigate the validity of a new interpretation of the territorial governance processes, named “situationist”, that supports the prevailing

Functional Implications of the IL-23/IL-17 Immune Axis in Schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Debnath, Monojit; Berk, Michael

2017-12-01

The aetiology of schizophrenia seems to stem from complex interactions amongst environmental, genetic, metabolic, immunologic and oxidative components. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been persistently linked to schizophrenia, and this has primarily been based on the findings derived from Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. While the IL-23/IL-17 axis plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, it has remained relatively unexplored in neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered levels of cytokines related to IL-23/IL-17 axis have been observed in schizophrenia patients in a few studies. In addition, other indirect factors known to confer schizophrenia risk like complement activation and altered gut microbiota are shown to modulate the IL-23/IL-17 axis. These preliminary observations provide crucial clues about the functional implications of IL-23/IL-17 axis in schizophrenia. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the biology of IL-23/IL-17 axis and its relevance to schizophrenia risk and pathogenesis. Given the pathogenic potential of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, therapeutic targeting of this axis may be a promising approach to benefit patients suffering from this devastating disorder.

Psoriasis is not associated with IL-12p70/IL-12p40 production and IL12B promoter polymorphism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Litjens, Nicolle H R; van der Plas, Mariena J A; Ravensbergen, Bep

2004-01-01

Psoriasis is a type-1 T cell-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease. Since interleukin (IL)-12p70 promotes the development of type-1 T cells, we investigated whether psoriasis is associated with an increased production of this cyctokine by blood cells. Results revealed that the production of IL-12p....... The frequencies of the various genotypes for the promoter region of the gene encoding IL-12p40 (IL12B) did not differ between psoriasis patients and controls. No association was observed between the various IL12B promoter genotypes and the LPS-stimulated production of IL-12p70 or IL-12p40 by blood cells. Together......, psoriasis is not associated with a promoter polymorphism in the IL12B gene nor with the production of IL-12p70 by LPS-stimulated blood cells....

MODELO DE EVALUACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ACOGIDA DEL TERRITORIO CON SIG Y TÉCNICAS DE DECISIÓN MULTICRITERIO RESPECTO A LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE EDIFICACIONES EN ESPACIOS RURALES

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Federico Benjamín Galacho Jiménez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se muestra un método, que apoyado en propuestas científicas, ayuda en la planificación del uso sostenible del territorio. Dicho método se basa en los modelos de evaluación de la capacidad de acogida del territorio. Su fundamento es el desarrollo de una metodología de evaluación con una perspectiva amplia de la sostenibilidad rural y contempla la necesaria puesta en valor de los recursos naturales, la preservación del medio por su calidad ambiental y la minimización de los riesgos naturales. Con él se evaluará la implantación de edificaciones relacionadas con el proceso de urbanización difusa en los espacios rurales. Para ello se aborda la evaluación de las condiciones particulares del medio rural en orden a la mejor estimación de sus posibilidades y de su vulnerabilidad respecto a los riesgos naturales. Como resultado se ha realizado una evaluación basada en juicios de valor claramente definidos y en atributos concretos del territorio. Mediante este proceso se obtiene una capa de información que muestra una clasificación del espacio estudiado con una valoración asignada a cada parte del territorio en función de su capacidad para acoger los usos que han sido evaluados.

Fasting induces IL-1 resistance and free fatty acid-mediated up-regulation of IL-1R2 and IL-1RA

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jenifer j joesting

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Objective: Weight loss is a near societal obsession and many diet programs use significant calorie restriction (CR including fasting/short term starvation to generate rapid effects. Fasting is also a well-recognized cause of immunosuppression especially within the innate immune system. In this study, we sought to determine if the IL-1 arm of the neuroimmune system was down-regulated by a 24 hr fast and how fasting might generate this effect. Design: Mice were allowed ad libitum access to food or had food withheld for 24 hrs. Expression of the endogenous IL-1 antagonists IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA were determined as were sickness behaviors before and after IL-1 administration.Results: Fasting markedly increased gene expression of IL-1R2 (83-fold in adipose tissue, 9.5-fold in liver and IL-1RA (68-fold in liver. Fasted mice were protected from IL-1-induced weight loss, hypoglycemia, loss of locomotor and social anxiety. These protections were coupled to a large positive interaction of fasting and IL-1 on IL-1R2 gene expression in adipose tissue and liver (2.6-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Fasting not only increased IL-1RA and IL-1R2 protein 2.5-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, in liver; but also increased IL-1R2 1.8-fold in adipose tissue. Fasting, in turn, triggered a 2.4-fold increase in plasma free-fatty acids (FFAs and a 2.1-fold increase in plasma corticosterone. Inhibition, of glucocorticoid action with mifepristone did not impact fasting-dependent IL-1R2 or IL-1RA gene expression. Administration of the FFA, palmitate, to mice increased liver IL-1R2 and IL-1RA gene expression by 14-fold and 11-fold, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate that fasting augments expression of endogenous IL-1 antagonists inducing IL-1 resistance. Fasting-induced increases in plasma FFAs appears to be a signal that drives immunosuppression during fasting/short term starvation.

Desarrollo y territorio: clusters tecnológicos en la periferia

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Graciela Gutman

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La difusión de nuevos paradigmas tecnológicos plantea interrogantes sobre sus desafíos para promover el desarrollo y la diversificación productiva en países y territorios de la periferia. Sectores y regiones que eran centrales bajo paradigmas tecnológicos previos pierden relevancia relativa, y surgen otros espacios como lugares privilegiados de acumulación del capital. Nuevos actores, formas de articulación y de governance redireccionan los flujos de conocimientos, financieros y de bienes, así como los mecanismos de apropiación de ganancias y rentas. Este artículo pone el acento en los impactos locales /regionales de la difusión de los nuevos paradigmas tecnológicos, en particular, con la conformación de clusters de TICs y de Biotecnología, examinando experiencias de este tipo en Argentina

Clinical significance of measurement of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chunyan; Zhang Shumin; Zhou Dongxia; Wang Enbo

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis. Methods: Serum IL-6 (with RIA) and IL-18, IL-1β (with ELISA) levels were determined in 38 patients with endometriosis both before and after treatment as well as 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL- 18 and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL- 1β levels might reflect the progress of diseases in patients with endometriosis. (authors)

Valorizzazione di un patrimonio culturale periferico: il progetto "Cuore Verde tra i due Laghi" / The enhancement of the peripherial cultural heritage: the project “Cuore Verde tra i due laghi” (Green Heart between the two Lakes

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Antonella Capriello

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Lo studio è indirizzato a esplorare le potenzialità dei metodi partecipativi per la valorizzazione di patrimoni culturali periferici. In rapporto al descritto obiettivo, è stato sviluppato un caso-studio concernente le Comunità rurali tra il Lago Maggiore e il Lago d’Orta. L’area rurale è caratterizzata dalla presenza di un patrimonio culturale periferico rispetto al circuito delle attività turistico-culturali in Piemonte, ma il piano di valorizzazione ha attivato iniziative per vivacizzare il territorio e superare la condizione di marginalità. Il caso-studio si basa sull’applicazione della metodologia Participatory Action Research (PAR per favorire il coinvolgimento di stakeholders locali in posizione marginale. Lo studio individua linee guida per la generalizzazione della metodologia nei processi di valorizzazione di un patrimonio culturale periferico.  The article aims to explore the potential of participative methods to enhance the value of peripheral cultural wealth. Consistent with the described aims, a case study was developed with a focus on the rural communities between Lago Maggiore (Maggiore Lake and Lago d’Orta (Orta Lake. The rural area is characterised by the presence of peripheral cultural heritage comparing tourist and cultural proposals in Piedmont, but a cultural plan has been developed to animate the local context and to overcome the condition of isolation. The case study is based on Participatory Action Research (PAR, involving stakeholders in marginal positions. The results identify best practices to generalize the methodology in order to enhance the value of peripheral cultural wealth.

Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL-1Β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 polymorphisms in Iranian population.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogo, Lawal Dahiru; Rezaei, Farhad; Marashi, Seyed Mahdi; Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed; Naseri, Maryam; Ghavami, Nastaran; Mokhtari-Azad, Talat

2016-12-01

Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case-Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real-time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL-1β), rs1800872 (IL-10), rs2275913 (IL-17), and rs8099917 (IL-28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL-17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL-10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04-2.58). In addition, IL-28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078-2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Pregnancy, but not the allergic status, influences spontaneous and induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Amoudruz, Petra; Minang, Jacob Taku; Sundström, Yvonne; Nilsson, Caroline; Lilja, Gunnar; Troye-Blomberg, Marita; Sverremark-Ekström, Eva

2006-09-01

In this study, we investigated how pregnancy influences cytokine production in response to stimulation of the innate and the adaptive immune system, respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic (n = 44) and non-allergic (n = 36) women were collected at three time-points: during the third trimester, at delivery and at a non-pregnant state 2 years after delivery. The production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The spontaneous cytokine production, and the response following stimulation with agents that primarily activate the adaptive part of the immune system [phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), allergen extracts from cat and birch], or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activate innate immunity was measured in vitro. There was a significantly higher spontaneous in vitro production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy, and this was not affected by the allergic status of the women. Conversely, in PHA-stimulated cell cultures there was a lower production of IL-10 and IL-12 during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy. LPS-induced IL-6 levels were significantly lower in PBMCs obtained during pregnancy than at 2 years after pregnancy. In addition, we made the interesting observation that in allergic women total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower 2 years after pregnancy compared to the levels during pregnancy. Taken together, our results indicate that while atopic allergy in women does not have a substantial effect on cytokine production, pregnancy has an obvious effect on the immune system in terms of cytokine production as well as on the total IgE levels.

Structure of IL-22 Bound to Its High-Affinity IL-22R1 Chain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, B.C.; Logsdon, N.J.; Walter, M.R. (UAB)

2008-09-29

IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that initiates innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens and contributes to immune disease. IL-22 biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP, which shares sequence similarity with an extracellular region of IL-22R1 (sIL-22R1). IL-22R1 also pairs with the IL-20R2 chain to induce IL-20 and IL-24 signaling. To define the molecular basis of these diverse interactions, we have determined the structure of the IL-22/sIL-22R1 complex. The structure, combined with homology modeling and surface plasmon resonance studies, defines the molecular basis for the distinct affinities and specificities of IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains that regulate cellular targeting and signal transduction to elicit effective immune responses.

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Patients: Rise in Interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF Levels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira Lopes, Carlos [Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Centro de Oncologia Radioterapica do Vale do Paraiba, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Callera, Fernando, E-mail: fcallera@gmail.com [Centro de Hematologia Onco-hematologia e Transplantes de Medula Ossea do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2012-03-15

Purpose: To investigate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-{alpha}), macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-{alpha}) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Forty eight patients with prostate cancer received three-dimensional conformal blocking radiation therapy with a linear accelerator. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were measured by the related immunoassay kit 1 day before the beginning of RT and during RT at days 15 and 30. Results: The mean IL-2 values were elevated before and during the RT in contrast with those of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, which were within the normal range under the same conditions. Regarding markers IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, comparisons among the three groups (before treatment and 15 and 30 days during RT) did not show significant differences. Although values were within the normal range, there was a significant rise in IL-6 levels at day 15 of RT (p = 0.0049) and a decline at day 30 to levels that were similar to those observed before RT. Conclusions: IL-6 appeared to peak after 15 days of RT before returning to pre-RT levels. In contrast, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were not sensitive to irradiation. The increased levels of IL-6 following RT without the concurrent elevation of other cytokines involved in the acute phase reaction did not suggest a classical inflammatory response to radiation exposure. Further studies should be designed to elucidate the role of IL-6 levels in patients with prostate cancer treated with RT.

De Reclus a Harvey, la resignificación del territorio en la construcción de la sustentabilidad

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Arturo V. Arreola Muñoz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar teórica y conceptualmente sobre el territorio y su resignificación en la construcción de la sustentabilidad. Se hace referencia a la teoría de sistemas complejos, desde un enfoque constructivista, y de la geografía y la ecología política, como aproximación a las nociones de apropiación territorial, territorialización, desterritorialización y reterritorialización. La discusión deductiva de cinco tesis concluye con un postulado que retoma la propuesta de Gunderson y Holling (2002, para explicar los procesos adaptativos de los sistemas socioterritoriales, los cuales están mediados a partir de cadenas dialógicas. Actualmente, desde los movimientos sociales emergentes, se tejen innovaciones que recrean de manera híbrida conceptos como diversidad, autonomía, equidad y sustentabilidad. Ello permite resignificar el diálogo político del paradigma por el territorio entre los espacios de esperanza –redes antisistémicas–, los exclusivos –redes globalizadas– y los de desesperanza –espacios fragmentados–.

IL-4 function can be transferred to the IL-2 receptor by tyrosine containing sequences found in the IL-4 receptor alpha chain.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, H Y; Paul, W E; Keegan, A D

1996-02-01

IL-4 binds to a cell surface receptor complex that consists of the IL-4 binding protein (IL-4R alpha) and the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor complex (gamma c). The receptors for IL-4 and IL-2 have several features in common; both use the gamma c as a receptor component, and both activate the Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-3. In spite of these similarities, IL-4 evokes specific responses, including the tyrosine phosphorylation of 4PS/IRS-2 and the induction of CD23. To determine whether sequences within the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-4R alpha specify these IL-4-specific responses, we transplanted the insulin IL-4 receptor motif (I4R motif) of the huIL-4R alpha to the cytoplasmic domain of a truncated IL-2R beta. In addition, we transplanted a region that contains peptide sequences shown to block Stat6 binding to DNA. We analyzed the ability of cells expressing these IL-2R-IL-4R chimeric constructs to respond to IL-2. We found that IL-4 function could be transplanted to the IL-2 receptor by these regions and that proliferative and differentiative functions can be induced by different receptor sequences.

Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-beta treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krakauer, M.; Sorensen, P.; Khademi, M.

2008-01-01

volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-beta therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently...... of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-beta therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN...

Espacio y territorio: mujeres del río, del manglar y de la tierra

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Katia Silvana Padilla Díaz

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Este artículo desarrolla la relación entre territorio e identidad de las mujeres que hacen parte del Consejo Comunitario de la Asociación Campesina del Río Patía Grande y su Ensenada (Acapa, a partir de las actividades productivas tradicionales realizadas en los diferentes espacios de uso, además de las que tiene ellas con el entorno, con su identidad, cultura y formas de política, evidenciadas mediante la percepción territorial de las mujeres participantes de ésta investigación.

MWS-WEB: a system to support a pedagogical approach based on the concept of multiliteracies

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Davide Taibi

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Lo sviluppo delle tecnologie Web ha profondamente modificato le modalità di comunicazione e interazione tra le persone, e le possibilità di accesso alle informazioni, con un forte impatto anche in ambito educativo. In questo contesto, il concetto tradizionale di “literacy”, basato sull’abilità di leggere, scrivere e parlare una lingua, non è più sufficiente a garantire un livello di partecipazione attiva alla vita sociale ed economica. Tali motivazioni hanno spinto un gruppo di esperti a introdurre un nuovo concetto di pedagogia (“multiliteracies” in cui il linguaggio e gli altri modi di espressione sono considerati risorse dinamiche di rappresentazione del significato. Dopo una breve introduzione su un modello a supporto di una pedagogica delle multiliteracies, questo articolo descrive il sistema MWS-Web che fornisce gli strumenti adeguati per promuovere un apprendimento basato sul concetto di multiliteracies. Una sperimentazione pilota della piattaforma è stata condotta presso l’Università di Pavia nella Facoltà di Medicina, nel Corso di Laurea a Ciclo Unico di “Odontoiatria e Protesi dentaria”.

IL6 and IL10 are genetic susceptibility factors of periodontal disease

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Luca Scapoli

2012-01-01

Conclusions: The present investigation indicated that polymorphisms of IL6 and IL10 constitute risk factors for chronic periodontitis, while there was no evidence implicating a specific IL1A or IL1B genotype.

IL-8 dictates glycosaminoglycan binding and stability of IL-18 in cystic fibrosis.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Reeves, Emer P

2010-02-01

Dysregulation of airway inflammation contributes to lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inflammation is mediated by inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, which illustrates an increase in biological half-life and proinflammatory activity when bound to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The aim of this project was to compare IL-8 and IL-18 for their relative stability, activity, and interaction with GAGs, including chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate, present in high quantities in the lungs of patients with CF. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from patients with CF (n = 28), non-CF controls (n = 14), and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 12). Increased levels of IL-8 and reduced concentrations of IL-18 were detected in bronchial samples obtained from CF individuals. The low level of IL-18 was not a defect in IL-18 production, as the pro- and mature forms of the molecule were expressed and produced by CF epithelial cells and monocytes. There was, however, a marked competition between IL-8 and IL-18 for binding to GAGs. A pronounced loss of IL-18 binding capacity occurred in the presence of IL-8, which displaced IL-18 from these anionic-matrices, rendering the cytokine susceptible to proteolytic degradation by neutrophil elastase. As a biological consequence of IL-18 degradation, reduced levels of IL-2 were secreted by Jurkat T lymphocytes. In conclusion, a novel mechanism has been identified highlighting the potential of IL-8 to determine the fate of other inflammatory molecules, such as IL-18, within the inflammatory milieu of the CF lung.

Study on the changes of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patients with coronary cardiac heart diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Xiaozhuo; Yu Xian

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the role TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 played in the pathogenesis of coronary cardiac heart diseases. Methods: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay in 32 patients with stable angina, 39 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 36 controls. Results: Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in all patients were higher than those in controls. Remarkably increased level were seen in acute myocardial infarction group. Difference between control and patient groups were: stable angina group TNF-α, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.01 and IL-8, p<0.05; acute myocardial infarction group TNF-α, p<0.01, IL-1β, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.001 and IL-8, p<0.001. Conclusion: There is close relationship between serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 levels and development of coronary cardiac heart disease. They play an important role in the pathogenesis through mutual induction and synergistic actions

The secreted form of the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 inhibits IL-23 functions and abrogates IL-23-mediated antitumour effects

Science.gov (United States)

Shimozato, Osamu; Ugai, Shin-ichi; Chiyo, Masako; Takenobu, Hisanori; Nagakawa, Hiroyasu; Wada, Akihiko; Kawamura, Kiyoko; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Tagawa, Masatoshi

2006-01-01

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of a novel p19 molecule and the p40 subunit of IL-12. Since secreted p40 can act as an antagonist for IL-12, we investigated whether p40 also inhibited IL-23-mediated immunological functions. p40 did not induce interferon (IFN)-γ or IL-17 production from splenocytes but impaired IL-23-induced cytokine production by competitive binding to the IL-23 receptors. Furthermore, a mixed population of murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 cells transduced with the p40 gene and those transduced with the IL-23 gene developed tumours in syngenic mice, whereas the IL-23-expressing Colon 26 cells were completely rejected. p40 also suppressed IFN-γ production of antigen-stimulated splenocytes and IL-23-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities in the mice that rejected Colon 26 cells expressing IL-23. p40 can thereby antagonize IL-23 and is a possible therapeutic agent for suppression of IL-23 functions. PMID:16423037

IL22/IL-22R pathway induces cell survival in human glioblastoma cells.

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Hussein Akil

Full Text Available Interleukin-22 (IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1 and IL-10R2. IL-22R expression was initially characterized on epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in a number of inflammatory diseases. Recently, a functional receptor was detected on cancer cells such as hepatocarcinoma and lung carcinoma, but its presence was not reported in glioblastoma (GBM. Two GBM cell lines and 10 primary cell lines established from patients undergoing surgery for malignant GBM were used to investigate the expression of IL-22 and IL-22R by using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy studies. The role of IL-22 in proliferation and survival of GBM cell lines was investigated in vitro by BrdU and ELISA cell death assays. We report herein that the two subunits of the IL-22R complex are expressed on human GBM cells. Their activation, depending on exogenous IL-22, induced antiapoptotic effect and cell proliferation. IL-22 treatment of GBM cells resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated Akt, STAT3 signaling protein and its downstream antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL and decreased level of phosphorylated ERK1/2. In addition, IL-22R subunits were expressed in all the 10 tested primary cell lines established from GBM tumors. Our results showed that IL-22R is expressed on GBM established and primary cell lines. Depending on STAT3, ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways, IL-22 induced GBM cell survival. These data are consistent with a potential role of IL-22R in tumorigenesis of GBM. Since endogenous IL-22 was not detected in all studied GBM cells, we hypothesize that IL-22R could be activated by immune microenvironmental IL-22 producing cells.

IL-28 and IL-29 as protective markers in subject with dengue fever.

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, Chih-Hsing; Huang, Chung-Hao; Wang, Lin; Huang, Chun-Chi; Wu, Meng-Chieh; Chin, Yi-Ying; Lin, Chun-Yu; Chang, Ko; Wu, Deng-Chyang; Chen, Yen-Hsu

2017-06-01

About 400 million people every year are estimated to contract dengue virus infection, which causes prolonged morbidity and sometimes mortality. Interleukin (IL)-28 and IL-29 are relatively newly discovered cytokines and play an important role in our immune defense against pathogens, especially for viral infection. In the present study, we investigated serum IL-28 and IL-29 expression and the relationship to clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with dengue virus infection. Adult patients with dengue (n = 45) and control group (n = 24) were included prospectively. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data were collected from every patient. We investigated IL-28 and IL-29 levels in serum by ELISA. The concentrations of serum IL-28 and IL-29 were significantly higher in subjects with dengue when compared to those of control group. The patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels had significantly lower ALAT and peripheral blood neutrophil percentage, but higher peripheral platelet, total white blood cell (WBC), monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. Patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels also had more flu-like symptoms, but less vomiting. Increased level of IL-28 and IL-29 was associated with better liver function, platelet and WBC numbers and clinical symptom in subjects with dengue and could potentially serve as a protective marker.

Il-legitimacy in the eyes of the il-legitimated

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerstroem, Anna

2013-01-01

The financial crisis has brought il-legitimacy to the center of organizational life in the banking industry. It is unfortunate that little is known about how organizational il-legitimacy is experienced and handled by the people who spend most of their wakening hours at work within...... these organizations. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap of knowledge by exploring how members of a bankrupted bank experience and handle attributions of organizational il-legitimacy: to investigate the phenomenon from an inside perspective - in the eyes of the people who undergo it. The paper has...... an inductive approach and offers an explorative analysis based on an in-depth study of qualitative interviews with 20 members of a bankrupted bank. The analysis shows that in bankers’ narrations, (il)legitimacy is central: as a problem and as a solution. The paper contributes to extant knowledge on (il...

Intervalli irrisolti nelle città. Aree speciali dismesse e rinnovamento urbano

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Elena Elisabetta Minghini

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Il ridisegno degli spazi militari ed industriali dismessi propone il tema della defunzionalizzazione come elemento che, da un lato segna il percorso della trasformazione attraverso la successione dei tempi urbani, dall’altro è propulsore di un rinnovamento, non soltanto finalizzato ad un uso razionale della risorsa territorio bensì anche ad occasioni di valorizzazione estetica della città, talvolta di ampliamento di un’offerta culturale e ricreativa.

Recombinant human growth-regulated oncogene-alpha induces T lymphocyte chemotaxis. A process regulated via IL-8 receptors by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jinquan, T; Frydenberg, Jane; Mukaida, N

1995-01-01

receptors on the cells. This process can be augmented by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and inhibited by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. In addition, we also document that on T lymphocytes there exist IL-8 receptors that can be up-regulated by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Our results demonstrate that rhGRO-alpha gene...

Tratamiento fisioterapico en pacientes con lesión en territorio de la arteria cerebral media.

OpenAIRE

Bays Moneo, Ana Beatriz

2014-01-01

Paciente de 70 años que padece una hemiparesia derecha con afasia de Broca de casi dos años de evolución como consecuencia de una oclusión de arteria carótida interna que provocó un infarto en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media. Para su tratamiento se ha utilizado el concepto Bobath. Durante el mismo, tuvo una frecuencia de tres sesiones por semana de 45 minutos durante cuatro meses. El paciente mostraba como problema principal, un pie con gran tendencia al equ...

Interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-36γ but not IL-36Ra are related to acrosyringia in pustule formation associated with palmoplantar pustulosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiaoling, Y; Chao, W; Wenming, W; Feng, L; Hongzhong, J

2018-06-12

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a refractory, nonbacterial impetigo confined to the palms and soles. Its pathogenesis is still obscure, but it may be associated with the large eccrine sweat glands and pores of palmoplantar skin. PPP is considered to be a localized pustular psoriasis. Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra play important roles in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis, but their role in PPP is unclear. To evaluate IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra expression in PPP, and their relationship with acrosyringia and pustule formation. mRNA expression was quantified in skin samples from patients with PPP (n = 7), patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PSV; n = 8) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 6) by reverse-transcription-real-time PCR. Protein expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry (PPP, n = 17; PSV, n = 14; HCs, n = 12). Sweat ducts, including acrosyringia, were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). IL-8 mRNA and protein were markedly increased in PPP lesions compared with PSV lesions or HC skin. IL-36γ mRNA and protein were significantly more abundant in PPP lesions than in HC skin. IL-36Ra mRNA was significantly overexpressed in PPP lesions compared with HC skin, but there was no difference in IL-36Ra protein between PPP, PSV and HCs. IL-8 was abundantly expressed by neutrophils in PPP pustules, while IL36Ra was localized in the keratinocytes of PPP, PSV and HC skin. IL-36γ and EMA were colocalized in cells surrounding PPP pustules, and IL-36γ was also expressed in sweat duct cells in the dermis. IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra are overexpressed in PPP lesions. IL-8, IL-36γ and acrosyringia, rather than IL-36Ra, are associated with pustule formation in PPP. © 2018 British Association of Dermatologists.

Genome-wide association study of genetic variants in LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and TNF-α cytokine response in a Danish Cohort

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Margit Hørup; Albrechtsen, Anders; Thørner, Lise Wegner

2013-01-01

Cytokine response plays a vital role in various human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infectious and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to find genetic variants that might affect the levels of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine production....

Il danno alla persona del lavoratore: il mobbing orizzontale

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Riccardo Gentile

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Sommario:1. Il mobbing tra diritto civile e diritto del lavoro – 2. Il fenomeno mobbing: gli studi iniziali e la definizione – 3. Le concrete condotte integranti fattispecie di mobbing – 4. Onere della prova – 5. Il mobbing orizzontale – 6. L’elemento soggettivo di colpevolezza del da­tore di lavoro nella responsabilità ex art. 2087 c.c. per mobbing orizzontale

Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF gene and cytokine (IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFA genes combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus in women

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Vladimir Iosifovich Konenkov

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Aim. To study the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF and cytokine (IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10 and TNFAgene polymorphism combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM in women. Materials and methods. 374 Caucasian women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders from 23 to 68 years of age and 212 womenwith T2DM from 28 to 69 years of age were included in the study. The combinations of polymorphism А-2578С, С+936Т in VEGFgene with polymorphism in IL1B С-31Т, IL4 С-590Т, IL6 G-174C, IL10 A-592C and А-1082G, TNFA А-238G, A-308G and A-863Cwere studied. Results. Analysis revealed 52 combined genetic variations with different rate of occurrence between diabetic and control groups(р

Trabajo de campo en el territorio de San Juan Lachao, Oaxaca. Un acercamiento desde las “otras” geografías al paisaje chatino

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Geronimo Barrera de la Torre

2016-11-01

Este trabajo se realizó en los territorios del municipio de San Juan Lachao, en el sur del estado de Oaxaca.1 Durante este tiempo se llevaron a cabo seis estancias que variaron en duración y objetivos.

Relaciones entre sociedad y naturaleza. Usos del territorio patagónico chileno: La paradoja del medio natural. Modelamiento SIG de patrones de uso y antropización del medio natural.

OpenAIRE

Inostroza Pino, Luis

2014-01-01

La región de Magallanes, corazón de la Patagonia Chilena, es símbolo de un territorio prístino y virgen, inmaculado de la mano del hombre, poseedor de un sello de garantía ambiental. Sin embargo este territorio ha sido utilizado intensa y extensivamente durante el último siglo. La explotación ganadera ha transformado el ecosistema de estepas erosionando más del 60% de su superficie, mientras otras nuevas actividades aparecidas durante las últimas décadas como el turismo y la acuicultura so...

Geomatic City Sensing, città, reti, sensori e tempo reale. Tecnologie e approcci innovativi per conoscere e governare il territorio

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Giovanni Borga

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Come si può governare senza conoscere? La soluzione delle problematiche territoriali mediante decisioni eazioni specifiche non può prescindere dalla comprensione di oggetti, fenomeni, correlazioni e dinamiche checi forniscono gli elementi necessari a definire una strategia e, com’è noto, più il contesto è articolato e più è difficile conoscere e capire.   Geomatic City Sensing, city, networks,  sensors and real-time. Technologies  and  innovative  ap-proaches to understand and gov-ern the territoryHow can you govern without knowing? The solution of territorial issues by means of specific decisions and actions cannot be  separated  from  an  understanding of  objects,  phenomena,  and  dynamic correlations  that  provide  the  elements necessary  to  define  a  strategy  and,  of course, the context is more complex and more difficult to know and understand.

Geomatic City Sensing, città, reti, sensori e tempo reale. Tecnologie e approcci innovativi per conoscere e governare il territorio

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Giovanni Borga

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Come si può governare senza conoscere? La soluzione delle problematiche territoriali mediante decisioni eazioni specifiche non può prescindere dalla comprensione di oggetti, fenomeni, correlazioni e dinamiche checi forniscono gli elementi necessari a definire una strategia e, com’è noto, più il contesto è articolato e più è difficile conoscere e capire. Geomatic City Sensing, city, networks,  sensors and real-time. Technologies  and  innovative  ap-proaches to understand and gov-ern the territoryHow can you govern without knowing? The solution of territorial issues by means of specific decisions and actions cannot be  separated  from  an  understanding of  objects,  phenomena,  and  dynamic correlations  that  provide  the  elements necessary  to  define  a  strategy  and,  of course, the context is more complex and more difficult to know and understand.

The role of genetic variation across IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and BDNF in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseka, Trehani M; Tiwari, Arun K; Gonçalves, Vanessa F; Lieberman, Jeffrey A; Meltzer, Herbert Y; Goldstein, Benjamin I; Kennedy, James L; Kennedy, Sidney H; Müller, Daniel J

2015-01-01

Antipsychotics with high weight gain-inducing propensities influence the expression of immune and neurotrophin genes, which have been independently related to obesity indices. Thus, we investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). Nineteen polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman(®) assays in 188 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic treatment for up to 14 weeks. Mean weight change (%) from baseline was compared across genotypic groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Epistatic effects between cytokine polymorphisms and BDNF Val66Met were tested using Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction. In European patients, IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.013, Pcorrected = 0.182), IL-1β rs1143634*G (P = 0.001, Pcorrected = 0.014), and BDNF Val66Met (Val/Val, P = 0.004, Pcorrected = 0.056) were associated with greater AIWG, as were IL-1β rs4849127*A (P = 0.049, Pcorrected = 0.784), and IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.012, Pcorrected = 0.192) in African Americans. BDNF Val66Met interacted with both IL-1β rs13032029 (Val/Met+ TT, PPerm = 0.029), and IL-6 rs2069837 (Val/Val+ AA, PPerm = 0.021) in Europeans, in addition to IL-1β rs16944 (Val/Val+ GA, PPerm = 0.006) in African Americans. SNPs across IL-1β and BDNF Val66Met may influence AIWG. Replication of these findings in larger, independent samples is warranted.

In vitro secretion profiles of interleukin (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF alpha after selective infection with Escherichia coli in human fetal membranes

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Maida-Claros Rolando

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Chorioamniotic membranes infection is a pathologic condition in which an abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines halts fetal immune tolerance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional response of human chorioamniotic membranes, as well as the individual contribution of the amnion and choriodecidua after stimulation with Escherichia coli, a pathogen associated with preterm labor. Methods Explants of chorioamniotic membranes from 10 women (37–40 weeks of gestation were mounted and cultured in a Transwell system, which allowed us to test the amnion and choriodecidua compartments independently. Escherichia coli (1 × 10 6 CFU/mL was added to either the amniotic or the choriodecidual regions or both; after a 24-h incubation, the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10 in both compartments was measured using a specific ELISA. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results After stimulation with Escherichia coli, the choriodecidua compartment showed an increase in the secretion of IL-1beta (21-fold, IL-6 (2-fold, IL-8 (6-fold, and IL-10 (37-fold, regardless of which side of the membrane was stimulated; TNFalpha secretion augmented (22-fold also but only when the stimulus was applied simultaneously to both sides. When the amnion was stimulated directly, the level of IL-1beta (13-fold rose significantly; however, the increase in IL-8 secretion was larger (20-fold, regardless of the primary site of infection. TNFalpha secretion in the amnion compartment rose markedly only when Escherichia coli was simultaneously applied to both sides. Conclusion Selective stimulation of fetal membranes with Escherichia coli results in a differential production of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10. These tissues were less responsive when the amnion side was stimulated. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the choriodecidua may play a primary role during an ascending

Il laser

CERN Document Server

Smith, William V

1974-01-01

Verso il 1960, il laser era ancora "una soluzione alla ricerca di un problema", ma fin dagli anni immediatamente successivi si è rivelato uno strumento insostituibile per le applicazioni più svariate.

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M.; Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D.; Furlong, Suzanne J.; Lin, Tong-Jun; Hoskin, David W.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Curcumin inhibits CD4 + T-lymphocyte proliferation. → Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4 + T-lymphocytes. → Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. → IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4 + T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 (α chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca 2+ release to inhibit IκB phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFκB. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

Structural Characterisation Reveals Mechanism of IL-13-Neutralising Monoclonal Antibody Tralokinumab as Inhibition of Binding to IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2.

Science.gov (United States)

Popovic, B; Breed, J; Rees, D G; Gardener, M J; Vinall, L M K; Kemp, B; Spooner, J; Keen, J; Minter, R; Uddin, F; Colice, G; Wilkinson, T; Vaughan, T; May, R D

2017-01-20

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic T helper type 2 cytokine frequently associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis. IL-13-mediated signalling is initiated by binding to IL-13Rα1, which then recruits IL-4Rα to form a heterodimeric receptor complex. IL-13 also binds to IL-13Rα2, considered as either a decoy or a key mediator of fibrosis. IL-13-neutralising antibodies act by preventing IL-13 binding to IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and/or IL-13Rα2. Tralokinumab (CAT-354) is an IL-13-neutralising human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that has shown clinical benefit in patients with asthma. To decipher how tralokinumab inhibits the effects of IL-13, we determined the structure of tralokinumab Fab in complex with human IL-13 to 2 Å resolution. The structure analysis reveals that tralokinumab prevents IL-13 from binding to both IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. This is supported by biochemical ligand-receptor interaction assay data. The tralokinumab epitope is mainly composed of residues in helices D and A of IL-13. It is mostly light chain complementarity-determining regions that are driving paratope interactions; the variable light complementarity-determining region 2 plays a key role by providing residue contacts for a network of hydrogen bonds and a salt bridge in the core of binding. The key residues within the paratope contributing to binding were identified as Asp50, Asp51, Ser30 and Lys31. This study demonstrates that tralokinumab prevents the IL-13 pharmacodynamic effect by binding to IL-13 helices A and D, thus preventing IL-13 from interacting with IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. Copyright © 2016 AstraZeneca. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Association study of IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease.

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Xavier, Joana M; Shahram, Farhad; Davatchi, Fereydoun; Rosa, Alexandra; Crespo, Jorge; Abdollahi, Bahar Sadeghi; Nadji, Abdolhadi; Jesus, Gorete; Barcelos, Filipe; Patto, José Vaz; Shafiee, Niloofar Mojarad; Ghaderibarim, Fahmida; Oliveira, Sofia A

2012-08-01

Independent replication of the findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains the gold standard for results validation. Our aim was to test the association of Behçet's disease (BD) with the interleukin-10 gene (IL10) and the IL-23 receptor-IL-12 receptor β2 (IL23R-IL12RB2) locus, each of which has been previously identified as a risk factor for BD in 2 different GWAS. Six haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 and 42 in IL23R-IL12RB2 were genotyped in 973 Iranian patients with BD and 637 non-BD controls. Population stratification was assessed using a panel of 86 ancestry-informative markers. Subtle evidence of population stratification was found in our data set. In IL10, rs1518111 was nominally associated with BD before and after adjustment for population stratification (odds ratio [OR] for T allele 1.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.40, unadjusted P [P(unadj) ] = 2.53 × 10(-2) ; adjusted P [P(adj) ] = 1.43 × 10(-2) ), and rs1554286 demonstrated a trend toward association (P(unadj) = 6.14 × 10(-2) ; P(adj) = 3.21 × 10(-2) ). Six SNPs in IL23R-IL12RB2 were found to be associated with BD after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the most significant of which were rs17375018 (OR for G allele 1.51, 95% CI 1.27-1.78, P(unadj) = 1.93 × 10(-6) ), rs7517847 (OR for T allele 1.48, 95% CI 1.26-1.74, P(unadj) = 1.23 × 10(-6) ), and rs924080 (OR for T allele 1.29, 95% CI 1.20-1.39, P = 1.78 × 10(-5) ). SNPs rs10489629, rs1343151, and rs1495965 were also significantly associated with BD in all tests performed. Results of meta-analyses of our data combined with data from other populations further confirmed the role of rs1518111, rs17375018, rs7517847, and rs924080 in the risk of BD, but no epistatic interactions between IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 were detected. Results of imputation analysis highlighted the importance of IL23R regulatory regions in the susceptibility to BD. These findings independently confirm

Clinical significance of determination of changes in serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with acute conjunctivitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jun

2007-01-01

Objective: To study the clinical significance of changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in patients with acute conjunctivitis after treatment. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-10 (with RIA) hs-CRP (with Immuno-turbidity) and IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 38 patients with acute conjunctivitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: The serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in the patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in the controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Measurement of the changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment might be inportant for outcome prediction in patients with acute conjunctivitis. (authors)

IL-17 mediates immunopathology in the absence of IL-10 following Leishmania major infection.

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Claudia Gonzalez-Lombana

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Leishmaniasis, resulting from infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. A particularly severe form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, termed mucosal leishmaniasis, exhibits decreased IL-10 levels and an exaggerated inflammatory response that perpetuates the disease. Using a mouse model of leishmaniasis, we investigated what cytokines contribute to increased pathology when IL-10-mediated regulation is absent. Leishmania major infected C57BL/6 mice lacking IL-10 regulation developed larger lesions than controls, but fewer parasites. Both IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were substantially elevated in mice lacking the capacity to respond to IL-10. IFN-γ promoted an increased infiltration of monocytes, while IL-17 contributed to an increase in neutrophils. Surprisingly, however, we found that IFN-γ did not contribute to increased pathology, but instead regulated the IL-17 response. Thus, blocking IFN-γ led to a significant increase in IL-17, neutrophils and disease. Similarly, the production of IL-17 by cells from leishmaniasis patients was also regulated by IL-10 and IFN-γ. Additional studies found that the IL-1 receptor was required for both the IL-17 response and increased pathology. Therefore, we propose that regulating IL-17, possibly by downregulating IL-1β, may be a useful approach for controlling immunopathology in leishmaniasis.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family.

Science.gov (United States)

Cayrol, Corinne; Girard, Jean-Philippe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a tissue-derived nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblast-like cells, both during homeostasis and inflammation. It functions as an alarm signal (alarmin) released upon cell injury or tissue damage to alert immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor (IL-1RL1). The major targets of IL-33 in vivo are tissue-resident immune cells such as mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Other cellular targets include T helper 2 (Th2) cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, iNKT cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. IL-33 is thus emerging as a crucial immune modulator with pleiotropic activities in type-2, type-1 and regulatory immune responses, and important roles in allergic, fibrotic, infectious, and chronic inflammatory diseases. The critical function of IL-33/ST2 signaling in allergic inflammation is illustrated by the fact that IL33 and IL1RL1 are among the most highly replicated susceptibility loci for asthma. In this review, we highlight 15 years of discoveries on IL-33 protein, including its molecular characteristics, nuclear localization, bioactive forms, cellular sources, mechanisms of release and regulation by proteases. Importantly, we emphasize data that have been validated using IL-33-deficient cells. © 2017 The Authors. Immunological Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Brief History of IL-1 and IL-1 Ra in Rheumatology

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Jean-Michel Dayer

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The history of what, in 1979, was called interleukin-1 (IL-1, orchestrator of leukocyte inter-communication, began many years before then, initially by the observation of fever induction via the endogenous pyrogen (EP (1974 and then in rheumatology on the role in tissue destruction in rheumatoid diseases via the induction of collagenase and PGE2 in human synovial cells by a mononuclear cell factor (MCF (1977. Since then, the family has exploded to presently 11 members as well as many membrane-bound and soluble receptor forms. The discovery of a natural Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra in human biological fluids has highlighted the importance of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in human diseases. Evidence delineating its role in autoinflammatory syndromes and the elucidation of the macromolecular complex referred to as “inflammasome” have been instrumental to our understanding of the link with IL-1. At present, the IL-1blockade as therapeutic approach is crucial for many hereditary autoinflammatory diseases, as well as for adult-onset Still’s disease, crystal-induced arthropathies, certain skin diseases including neutrophil-triggered skin diseases, Behçet’s disease and deficiency of IL-1Ra and other rare fever syndromes. Its role is only marginally important in rheumatoid arthritis and is still under debate with regard to osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This brief historical review focuses on some aspects of IL-1, mainly IL-1β and IL-Ra, in rheumatology. There are many excellent reviews focusing on the IL-1 family in general or with regard to specific diseases or biological discoveries.

Hepatitis B virus induces IL-23 production in antigen presenting cells and causes liver damage via the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

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Qinghong Wang

Full Text Available IL-23 regulates myriad processes in the innate and adaptive immune systems, and is a critical mediator of the proinflammatory effects exerted by Th17 cells in many diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how hepatitis B virus (HBV causes liver damage directly through the IL-23 signaling pathway. In biopsied liver tissues from HBV-infected patients, expression of both IL-23 and IL-23R was remarkably elevated. In vivo observations also indicated that the main sources of IL-23 were myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs and macrophages. Analysis of in vitro differentiated immature DCs and macrophages isolated from healthy donors revealed that the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg efficiently induces IL-23 secretion in a mannose receptor (MR-dependent manner. Culture with an endosomal acidification inhibitor and the dynamin inhibitor showed that, upon binding to the MR, the HBsAg is taken up by mDCs and macrophages through an endocytosis mechanism. In contrast, although the HBV core antigen (HBcAg can also stimulate IL-23 secretion from mDCs, the process was MR- and endocytosis-independent. In addition, IL-23 was shown to be indispensible for HBsAg-stimulated differentiation of naïve CD4(+ T cells into Th17 cells, which were determined to be the primary source of IL-17 in HBV-infected livers. The cognate receptor, IL-17R, was found to exist on the hepatic stellate cells and mDCs, both of which might represent the potential target cells of IL-17 in hepatitis B disease. These data provide novel insights into a yet unrecognized mechanism of HBV-induced hepatitis, by which increases in IL-23 expression, through an MR/endocytosis-dependent or -independent manner, produce liver damage through the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

IL-25 or IL-17E protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice dependent upon IL-13 activation of STAT6

Science.gov (United States)

IL-25 is a member of IL-17 cytokine family and has immune-modulating activities. The role of IL-25 in maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous IL-25 or deficiency of IL-25 on lipid accumulation in the liver. Mice were injected with IL-25...

The IL-17F/IL-17RC Axis Promotes Respiratory Allergy in the Proximal Airways

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Antonella De Luca

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The interleukin 17 (IL-17 cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.

Actividad y territorio : la localización de la población extranjera en Barcelona

OpenAIRE

Bayona, Jordi

2005-01-01

Este texto analiza el papel selectivo del territorio en el asentamiento de la población de nacionalidad extranjera y, en especial, de la función de la ciudad de Barcelona como lugar de atracción, filtro y selección de esta población en el contexto de Cataluña. Con este objetivo, en primer lugar se describen las pautas de distribución espacial de la población extranjera en Cataluña, para posteriormente comparar las características sociodemográficas de la población de nacionalidad extranjera ce...

El Ministerio de Fomento, impulsor del estudio y el reconocimiento del territorio mexicano (1877-1898

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MIreya Blanco Martínez

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer una serie de reflexiones acerca del papel que desempeñó el Ministerio de Fomento en torno al estudio y reconocimiento del territorio mexicano en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, esto se sustentará en el análisis de los informes contenidos en una de las publicaciones del Ministerio de Fomento: los Anales del Ministerio de Fomento de la República Mexicana, correspondiendo el periodo delimitado para esta investigación con el de la publicación de Anales.

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D. [Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Furlong, Suzanne J. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Lin, Tong-Jun [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Hoskin, David W., E-mail: d.w.hoskin@dal.ca [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)

2011-04-22

Highlights: {yields} Curcumin inhibits CD4{sup +} T-lymphocyte proliferation. {yields} Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes. {yields} Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. {yields} IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 ({alpha} chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca{sup 2+} release to inhibit I{kappa}B phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF{kappa}B. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4{sup +}CD25{sup +} regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

Andrea Caracausi e Antonio Conzato (a cura di) (2013). Formazione alla politica, politica della formazione a Venezia in Età moderna

OpenAIRE

Giani, Marco

2015-01-01

Il volume raccoglie gli Atti del Convegno svoltosi nel maggio 2011 presso l’Università di Padova, avente come tema «La formazione dei ceti dirigenti, o comunque eminenti, della Serenissima in Età moderna» (p. 7). Dopo una breve introduzione a cura di Giuseppe Gullino, apre le danze un frizzante intervento di Gino Benzoni («Le accademie e il tabù della politica»), il quale miscela il discorso storico propriamente detto sulle accademie in territorio veneto con i propri ricordi personali di acca...

Lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 regulates IL-17-mediated ocular mucosal inflammation

Science.gov (United States)

Ji, Yong Woo; Mittal, Sharad K.; Hwang, Ho Sik; Chang, Eun-Ju; Lee, Joon H.; Seo, Yuri; Yeo, Areum; Noh, Hyemi; Lee, Hye Sun; Chauhan, Sunil K.; Lee, Hyung Keun

2016-01-01

Inflammatory damage of mucosal surface of the eye is a hallmark of dry eye disease (DED), and in severe cases can lead to significant discomfort, visual impairment, and blindness. DED is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder with a largely unknown pathogenesis. Using a cross-sectional patient study and a well-characterized murine model of DED, herein we investigated the immunoregulatory function of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of DED. We found that IL-22 levels were elevated in lacrimal fluids of DED patients and inversely correlated with severity of disease. Acinar cells of the lacrimal glands, not inflammatory immune cells, are the primary source of IL-22, which suppresses inflammation in ocular surface epithelial cells upon desiccating stress. Moreover, loss of function analyses using IL-22 knock-out mice demonstrated that IL-22 is essential for suppression of ocular surface infiltration of Th17 cells and inhibition of DED induction. Our novel findings elucidate immunoregulatory function of lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 in inhibiting IL-17-mediated ocular surface epitheliopathy in DED thus making IL-22 a new relevant therapeutic target. PMID:28051088

Extracellular Neutrophil Proteases Are Efficient Regulators of IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Cytokine Activity but Poor Effectors of Microbial Killing.

Science.gov (United States)

Clancy, Danielle M; Sullivan, Graeme P; Moran, Hannah B T; Henry, Conor M; Reeves, Emer P; McElvaney, Noel G; Lavelle, Ed C; Martin, Seamus J

2018-03-13

Neutrophil granule proteases are thought to function as anti-microbial effectors, cooperatively hydrolyzing microorganisms within phagosomes, or upon deployment into the extracellular space. However, evidence also suggests that neutrophil proteases play an important role in the coordination and escalation of inflammatory reactions, but how this is achieved has been obscure. IL-1 family cytokines are important initiators of inflammation and are typically released via necrosis but require proteolytic processing for activation. Here, we show that proteases liberated from activated neutrophils can positively or negatively regulate the activity of six IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) with exquisite sensitivity. In contrast, extracellular neutrophil proteases displayed very poor bactericidal activity, exhibiting 100-fold greater potency toward cytokine processing than bacterial killing. Thus, in addition to their classical role as phagocytes, neutrophils play an important immunoregulatory role through deployment of their granule proteases into the extracellular space to process multiple IL-1 family cytokines. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Indigenismo y romanización del territorio abulense (s. V a.C.-s. III d.C.)

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Hernando Sobrino, María Rosario

1994-01-01

Entendiendo por romanización el proceso de transformación de las estructuras que provoco la conquista romana en las estructuras de base indígena, sin suponer que tal transformación implique, necesariamente, la idea de semejanza a lo romano, se estudia la magnitud que dichos cambios alcanzaron en el territorio de la actual provincia de Ávila. En la 1 parte se presentan cuantas fuentes se han correlacionado para la elaboración de esta tesis (datos geográficos, arqueológicos, numismáticos, epigr...

Territorios de diferencia: la ontología política de los “derechos al territorio”

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Arturo Escobar

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo presenta las bases del enfoque de ontología política para entender las luchas étnico-territoriales en América Latina. Se argumenta que dichas luchas constituyen defensas de mundos u ontologías relacionales, y que los conocimientos generados en ellas por comunidades y activistas encarnan una propuesta de avanzada frente a la crisis social y ecológica de los territorios. El trabajo busca contribuir a repensar la globalidad como estrategia para preservar y fomentar el pluriverso.

Analisi matematica

CERN Document Server

Canuto, Claudio

2014-01-01

Il presente testo intende essere di supporto ad un secondo insegnamento di Analisi Matematica in quei corsi di studio (quali ad esempio Ingegneria, Informatica, Fisica) in cui lo strumento matematico parte significativa della formazione dell'allievo. I concetti e i metodi fondamentali del calcolo differenziale ed integrale in più variabili, le serie di funzioni e le equazioni differenziali ordinarie sono presentati con l'obiettivo primario di addestrare lo studente ad un loro uso operativo, ma critico. L'impostazione didattica dell'opera ricalca quella usata nel testo parallelo di Analisi Matematica I. La modalità di presentazione degli argomenti ne permette un uso flessibile e modulare. Lo stile adottato privilegia la chiarezza e la linearità dell'esposizione. Il testo organizzato su due livelli di lettura. Uno, più essenziale, permette allo studente di cogliere i concetti indispensabili della materia, di familiarizzarsi con le relative tecniche di calcolo e di trovare le giustificazioni dei principali r...

Introduzione al laboratorio di fisica misure e teoria delle incertezze

CERN Document Server

Ciullo, Giuseppe

2014-01-01

Frutto dell'esperienza decennale come supporto per la didattica di laboratori di fisica sia a livello di corsi triennali che di corsi di laurea magistrale, il libro si è concretizzato nella "responsabilità" di tali corsi di laboratorio per fornire un opera di utilizzo dei vari strumenti, che un approccio sperimentale alla fisica richiede. Si parte dalla descrizione delle problematiche delle incertezze in modo operativo e si introducono i concetti fondamentali per l'analisi dei dati e la misura. Invece di una serie dispersiva di testi, con approcci, convenzioni e simbolismi differenti, poco fruibili per l'applicazione diretta ad un laboratorio dei primi anni, il libro fornisce le indicazioni utili per affrontare lo studio dei fenomeni fisici in modo immediato, fornendo anche indicazioni rigorose e giustificazioni teoriche. Lo stimolo teorico-pratico, che uno sperimentale-scienziato deve percepire, non esula dal comprendere problematiche di maggiore approfondimento. L'opera rende fruibili concetti e strumenti...

The role of CD40L, IL-10 and IL-17 in radioprotection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Ting

2003-01-01

CD40L/CD40 interaction is central to the control of thymus-dependent humoral immunity and cell mediated immune responses. IL-17 has been shown to induce the production of IL-6 and G-CSF, which can induce proliferation and differentiation of CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors. IL-10 can interfere with up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, thus suppressing the production of costimulatory cytokines, such as IL-12. IL-10 has been implicated as an essential mediator in the induction of systemic immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Treating UV-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 blocks the induction of immune suppression

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

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Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete...

Role of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with Sjögren syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogel, Olivier; Rivière, Elodie; Seror, Raphaèle; Nocturne, Gaetane; Boudaoud, Saida; Ly, Bineta; Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric; Le Guern, Véronique; Dubost, Jean-Jacques; Nititham, Joanne; Taylor, Kimberly E; Chanson, Philippe; Dieudé, Philippe; Criswell, Lindsey A; Jagla, Bernd; Thai, Alice; Mingueneau, Michael; Mariette, Xavier; Miceli-Richard, Corinne

2017-09-12

An interferon signature is involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but whether the signature is type 1 or type 2 remains controversial. Mouse models and genetic studies suggest the involvement of T H 1 and type 2 interferon pathways. Likewise, polymorphisms of the IL-12A gene (IL12A), which encodes for IL-12p35, have been associated with pSS. The IL-12p35 subunit is shared by 2 heterodimers: IL-12 and IL-35. We sought to confirm genetic association of the IL12A polymorphism and pSS and elucidate involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with pSS by using functional studies. The genetic study involved 673 patients with pSS from 2 French pSS cohorts and 585 healthy French control subjects. Functional studies were performed on sorted monocytes, irrespective of whether they were stimulated. IL12A mRNA expression and IL-12 and IL-35 protein levels were assessed by using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA and a multiplex kit for IL-35 and IL-12, respectively. We confirmed association of the IL12A rs485497 polymorphism and pSS and found an increased serum protein level of IL-12p70 in patients with pSS carrying the risk allele (P = .016). Serum levels of IL-12p70 were greater in patients than control subjects (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05); conversely, IL-35 levels were decreased in patients (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05). In blood cellular subsets both IL12p35 and EBV-induced gene protein 3 (EBI3) mRNAs were detected only in B cells, with a trend toward a lower level among patients with pSS. Our findings emphasize involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in the pathogenesis of pSS. Serum IL-35 levels were associated with low disease activity, in contrast with serum IL-12p70 levels, which were associated with more active disease. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IL-2 absorption affects IFN-gamma and IL-5, but not IL-4 producing memory T cells in double color cytokine ELISPOT assays.

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Quast, Stefan; Zhang, Wenji; Shive, Carey; Kovalovski, Damian; Ott, Patrick A; Herzog, Bernhard A; Boehm, Bernhard O; Tary-Lehmann, Magdalena; Karulin, Alexey Y; Lehmann, Paul V

2005-09-01

Cytokine assays are gaining increasing importance for human immune monitoring because they reliably detect antigen-specific T cells in primary PBMC, even at low clonal sizes. Double color ELISPOT assays permit the simultaneous visualization of cells producing two different cytokines. Permitting the simultaneous assessment of type 1 and 2 immunity and due to the limited numbers of PBMC available from human study subjects, double color assays should be particularly attractive for clinical trials. Since the performance of double color assays has not yet been validated, we set out to compare them to single color measurements. Testing the recall antigen-induced cytokine response of PBMC, we found that double color assays regularly provided lower numbers of IFN-gamma and IL-5 spots than single color measurements when IL-2 detection was part of the double color assay. We showed that the inhibitory effect resulted from IL-2 absorption and could be overcome by either antibody free preactivation cultures or by inclusion of anti-CD28 antibody. In contrast, the simultaneous detection of IL-2 did not affect the numbers of IL-4 spots. Therefore, unlike IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-5 assays, IL-2/IFN-gamma, and IL-2/IL-5 assays require compensation for the IL-2 capture to provide accurate numbers for the frequencies of cytokine producing memory T cells.

Clinical significance of determination of semen plasma IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α contents in infertile males

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Baoyi; Li Jun; Zhang Jiyun

2004-01-01

Objective: To explore the influence of high semen plasma contents of the cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) on male fertility. Methods: Semen plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were determined with RIA in 126 infertile and 20 fertile males. Results: Semen plasma contents of the 4 cytokines in infertile subjects were significantly higher than those in fertile ones (p 4/HP, n=15) had significantly higher contents of cytokines than those without leucocytospermia (WBC<4/HP, n=111). Besides, TNF-α contents in subjects with lower sperm activity and less motility rate as well as IL-8 contents in subjects with less sperm motility rate were both significantly higher than those in subjects with more normal sperms (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: High semen plasma cytokines contents represent existing local infection and enhanced auto-immune status, both damaging to sperms. Infertility would be the inevitable consequence. Monitoring of changes of the cytokine contents should be a part of fertility studies

Il capriolo nel Pollino: ieri, oggi e domani

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Alberto Sangiuliano

2003-10-01

rilevata anche fuori dai confini del Parco (nel comune di Lungro, ma anche nella porzione occidentale (comune di Orsomarso. Quest'espansione sembrerebbe meno evidente nei comparti più meridionali del comprensorio, dove, allo stato attuale, si rileva un modesto accrescimento dell?area di distribuzione solo in direzione sud-est. La distribuzione attuale della popolazione di capriolo dei Monti di Orsomarso si avvicinerebbe verosimilmente a 30.000 ha, confermando i risultati emersi dalla valutazione di idoneità ambientale; tale corrispondenza, oltre a trovare un chiaro riscontro in termini di habitat (soprattutto attraverso l?avvicinamento degli animali alle aree rurali, si esprime, attraverso la colonizzazione di alcune delle aree indicate come ?le più probabili? nella carta di idoneità. Il Parco Nazionale del Pollino sembrerebbe quindi un territorio rilevante per l?estensione di una porzione ?insulare? dell?areale della sottospecie C.c. italicus di elevata importanza conservazionistica.

Increased IL-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragstrup, Tue Wenzel; Andersen, Morten Nørgaard; Schiøttz-Christensen, Berit

2017-01-01

The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves activation of the innate immune system, inflammation and new bone formation. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 have been shown to link innate immune activation and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that these two cytokines...... are secreted as part of activation of the innate immune system and affect bone homeostasis in SpA. IL-20 and IL-24 were measured in plasma from axial SpA patients (n = 83). Peripheral SpA patients (n = 16) were included for in-vitro cell culture studies. The plasma IL-20 and IL-24 levels were increased in Sp...

[Correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma].

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Xue, Yi-Nan; Zou, Xian-De; Wu, Jia-Ling

2006-02-01

This study examined the changes of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins and the correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma and aimed to explore the role of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of asthma. Thirty-four children with asthma and 21 age and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined using ELISA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and IgE in patients with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. An increased IgG and a decreased IgA levels were found in asthmatic patients at the acute attack stage. There was a positive correlation between the IL-16 and IL-18 levels at both acute attack and convalescence stages of asthma (r=0.70, P attack stage of asthma (r=0.624, P asthma. The immunologic imbalance exists in children with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages. Anti-allergic therapy should be administered through the acute attack to the convalescence stages of asthma.

L’impatto del cinema sul turismo: il fenomeno del cineturismo / The impact of cinema on tourism: the phenomenon of cine-tourism

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Astrid Pellicano

2016-05-01

Full Text Available “Un film è sempre l’inizio di un viaggio”, così il fenomeno del cineturismo ci porta per mano a scoprire le location dei film e le emozioni che si celano dietro la più grande macchina dei sogni: il cinema. Spesso decidere la giusta destinazione per le proprie ferie è difficile, dal momento che esistono vari fattori, dal tempo, all’età, alle esigenze economiche e ai gusti, e luoghi che sono più speciali e più interessanti per trascorrervi le vacanze. Spesso ad influenzare ci pensano oggi film, documentari o fiction, diventati il mezzo potenzialmente migliore per trasmettere i valori, le tradizioni e la cultura di un territorio, in quanto l’attenzione con cui le persone seguono i film e il coinvolgimento emotivo sono irripetibili con altri strumenti di comunicazione. Il cineturismo è dunque un’emergente motivazione al viaggio, che si aggiunge alla già variegata domanda turistica. L’Italia ha cominciato ad elaborare un proprio concetto di cineturismo nel 2003. Delle migliaia di location utilizzate da film e serie tv, solo poche decine tuttavia entrano a far parte del circuito legato al cineturismo. “A film is always the beginning of a journey”, so the phenomenon of movie-induced tourism takes us by the hand to discover the location of the film and the emotions that lie behind the biggest dream machine: the cinema. Choosing the right destination for holidays is difficult, since there are various factors, such as time, age, economic needs and tastes, and places that are more special and more interesting to spend the holidays. Often, we think movies, documentaries or fiction, as means that potentially convey the values, traditions and culture of an area, as the attention that people follow the film and the emotional involvement are unique with other communication tools. Movie-induced tourism is therefore an emerging motivation for travel, which adds to the already varied tourist demand. Italy has begun to develop

Commensal bacteria and MAMPs are necessary for stress-induced increases in IL-1β and IL-18 but not IL-6, IL-10 or MCP-1.

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Thomas Maslanik

Full Text Available Regular interactions between commensal bacteria and the enteric mucosal immune environment are necessary for normal immunity. Alterations of the commensal bacterial communities or mucosal barrier can disrupt immune function. Chronic stress interferes with bacterial community structure (specifically, α-diversity and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These interferences can contribute to chronic stress-induced increases in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α. Chronic stress, however, produces many physiological changes that could indirectly influence immune activity. In addition to IL-6 and TNF-α, exposure to acute stressors upregulates a plethora of inflammatory proteins, each having unique synthesis and release mechanisms. We therefore tested the hypothesis that acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses are dependent on the commensal bacteria, and more specifically, lipopolysaccharide (LPS shed from Gram-negative intestinal commensal bacteria. We present evidence that both reducing commensal bacteria using antibiotics and neutralizing LPS using endotoxin inhibitor (EI attenuates increases in some (inflammasome dependent, IL-1 and IL-18, but not all (inflammasome independent, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 inflammatory proteins in the blood of male F344 rats exposed to an acute tail shock stressor. Acute stress did not impact α- or β- diversity measured using 16S rRNA diversity analyses, but selectively reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella. These findings indicate that commensal bacteria contribute to acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses, and support the presence of LPS-mediated signaling in stress-evoked cytokine and chemokine production. The selectivity of the commensal bacteria in stress-evoked IL-1β and IL-18 responses may implicate the inflammasome in this response.

Influence of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism on in vivo synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta after live yellow fever vaccination.

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Hacker, U T; Erhardt, S; Tschöp, K; Jelinek, T; Endres, S

2001-09-01

The inflammatory response in infectious and autoimmune diseases is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-1 complex contains polymorphic genes coding for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra. The IL-1Ra (variable number of tanden repeat) VNTR polymorphism has been shown to influence the capacity to produce IL-1beta and IL-1Ra after in vitro stimulation. Allele 2 of this polymorphism is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases. To determine the impact of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on in vivo human cytokine synthesis, we used a yellow fever vaccination model for the induction of cytokine synthesis in healthy volunteers. Two different yellow fever vaccines were used. After administration of the RKI vaccine (34 volunteers), plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased from 13.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml to 23.3 +/- 1.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and plasma IL-1Ra concentration increased from 308 +/- 25 pg/ml to 1019 +/- 111 pg/ml (P < 0.001), on day 2. Using Stamaril vaccine, no increase in the plasma concentrations of either TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra could be detected (n = 17). Only the RKI vaccine induced TNF-alpha synthesis after in vitro stimulation of MNC. Carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra polymorphism had increased baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra (350 +/- 32 pg/ml) compared with non-carriers (222 +/- 18 pg/ml, P < 0.001), and decreased concentrations of IL-1beta (0.9 +/- 0.2 pg/ml for carriers versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml for non-carriers, P = 0.017). After yellow fever vaccination (RKI vaccine), no significant differences in the increase of IL-1Ra plasma levels were detected between carriers and non-carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism. This is the first study to examine the influence of this genetic polymorphism on in vivo-induced human IL-1beta and IL-1Ra synthesis. Baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta were significantly influenced by the IL-1Ra polymorphism. No influence of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on the in vivo

IL-15 deficient tax mice reveal a role for IL-1α in tumor immunity.

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Daniel A Rauch

Full Text Available IL-15 is recognized as a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy and has been described as both a promoter of cancer and a promoter of anti-cancer immunity. IL-15 was discovered in cells transformed by HTLV-1, the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL and the human retrovirus that carries the Tax oncogene. We have developed the TAX-LUC mouse model of ATL in which Tax expression drives both malignant transformation and luciferase expression, enabling non-invasive imaging of tumorigenesis in real time. To identify the role of IL-15 in spontaneous development of lymphoma in vivo, an IL-15(-/- TAX-LUC strain was developed and examined. The absence of IL-15 resulted in aggressive tumor growth and accelerated mortality and demonstrated that IL-15 was not required for Tax-mediated lymphoma but was essential for anti-tumor immunity. Further analysis revealed a unique transcriptional profile in tumor cells that arise in the absence of IL-15 that included a significant increase in the expression of IL-1α and IL-1α-regulated cytokines. Moreover, anti-IL-1α antibodies and an IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra were used to interrogate the potential of IL-1α targeted therapies in this model. Taken together, these findings identify IL-15 and IL-1α as therapeutic targets in lymphoma.

Pro-inflammatory signaling by IL-10 and IL-22: bad habit stirred up by interferons ?

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Heiko eMühl

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-10 and IL-22 are key members of the IL-10 cytokine family that share characteristic properties such as defined structural features, usage of IL-10R2 as one receptor chain, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 as dominant signaling mode. IL-10, formerly known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is key to deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, pre-clinical studies document its anti-inflammatory capacity. However, the outcome of clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in prototypic inflammatory disorders has been disappointing. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 acts primarily on non-leukocytic cells, in particular epithelial cells of intestine, skin, liver, and lung. STAT3-driven proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial tissue protection is regarded a principal function of IL-22 at host/environment interfaces. In this hypothesis article, hidden/underappreciated pro-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 and IL-22 are outlined and related to cellular priming by type I interferon. It is tempting to speculate that an inherent inflammatory potential of IL-10 and IL-22 confines their usage in tissue protective therapy and beyond that determines in some patients efficacy of type I interferon treatment.

Expression of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in Tears as a Main Characteristic of the Immune Response in Human Microbial Keratitis

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Santacruz, Concepcion; Linares, Marisela; Garfias, Yonathan; Loustaunau, Luisa M.; Pavon, Lenin; Perez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra; Jimenez-Martinez, Maria C.

2015-01-01

Corneal infections are frequent and potentially vision-threatening diseases, and despite the significance of the immunological response in animal models of microbial keratitis (MK), it remains unclear in humans. The aim of this study was to describe the cytokine profile of tears in patients with MK. Characteristics of ocular lesions such as size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon were analyzed. Immunological evaluation included determination of interleukine (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in tear samples obtained from infected eyes of 28 patients with MK and compared with their contralateral non-infected eyes. Additionally, frequency of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD3−CD56+ cells was also determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with MK, and compared with 48 healthy controls. Non-significant differences were observed in the size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon. Nevertheless, we found an immunological profile apparently related to MK etiology. IL-8 > IL-6 in patients with bacterial keratitis; IL-8 > IL-6 > IL-1β and increased frequency of circulating CD3−CD56+ NK cells in patients with gram-negative keratitis; and IL-8 = IL-6 > IL-1β in patients with fungal keratitis. Characterization of tear cytokines from patients with MK could aid our understanding of the immune pathophysiological mechanisms underlying corneal damage in humans. PMID:25741769

IL-10 and IL-27 producing dendritic cells capable of enhancing IL-10 production of T cells are induced in oral tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Shiokawa, Aya; Tanabe, Kosuke; Tsuji, Noriko M; Sato, Ryuichiro; Hachimura, Satoshi

2009-06-30

Oral tolerance is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic tolerance to ingested antigens (Ag). Dendritic cells (DC) have been revealed as important immune regulators, however, the precise role of DC in oral tolerance induction remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of DC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patch (PP) after oral Ag administration in a TCR-transgenic mouse model. DC from PP and MLN of tolerized mice induced IL-10 production but not Foxp3 expression in cocultured T cells. IL-10 production was markedly increased after 5-7-day Ag administration especially in PP DC. On the other hand, IL-27 production was increased after 2-5-day Ag administration. CD11b(+) DC, which increased after ingestion of Ag, prominently expressed IL-10 and IL-27 compared with CD11b(-) DC. These results suggest that IL-10 and IL-27 producing DC are increased by interaction with antigen specific T cells in PP, and these DC act as an inducer of IL-10 producing T cells in oral tolerance.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

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Tae Sik Goh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

Science.gov (United States)

Goh, Tae Sik; Jo, Yuna; Lee, Byunghyuk; Kim, Geona; Hwang, Hyunju; Ko, Eunhee; Kang, Seung Wan; Oh, Sae-Ock; Baek, Sun-Yong; Yoon, Sik; Lee, Jung Sub

2017-01-01

IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc) is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα. PMID:28127156

Bases estratégicas hacia la conformación de territorios socialmente más responsables. Departamento Jáchal. Provincia de San Juan - Argentina

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Silvia Vega

2016-11-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, aprobado por el CICITCA, que tiene como propósito establecer las bases estratégicas hacia la conformación de Territorios Socialmente Responsables en el Departamento de Jáchal (San Juan, Argentina. Este departamento se considera un centro de servicio de alcance regional e internacional, al ser parte del territorio que integra la micro región productiva local, donde su emplazamiento estratégico, como parte de dos corredores —bioceánico, que conecta Brasil, Argentina y Chile, y el de integración turística: Valle Fértil, Jáchal e Iglesia—, representa hoy un desafío en el desarrollo de la región. Se procura con ello cubrir las necesidades actuales y potenciales de los proyectos públicos-privados industriales, arquitectónicos y sociales generados desde las demandas del territorio, desde el entorno productivo y desde la industria local; entendiendo que sus problemáticas y escenarios posibilitan una novedosa mirada ante el desarrollo regional. El proyecto, plantea un método prospectivo abordado con una visión integral e interdisciplinar conforme al actual paradigma de la complejidad, permitiendo enunciar indicadores y lineamientos estratégicos, contribuyendo a la formulación de proyectos innovadores que generen aportes al desarrollo económico local, preservando las condiciones de sustentabilidad; ambiental y patrimonial, y afirmándose en el marco de la responsabilidad social. 

El efecto del territorio en la movilidad social de hogares de la Región Mentropolitana de Buenos Aires.

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Paula Boniolo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio aborda los vínculos entre la socialización territorial y la movilidad social intergeneracional de hogares en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA. Para ello, se analiza en qué medida la socialización territorial condiciona las posibilidades de movilidad social ascendente. Los datos utilizados provienen de la base de datos de la encuesta de Estratificación y movilidad social en la Argentina (2007 del Centro de Estudios de Opinión Pública (CEDOP, Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Los hallazgos principales del estudio se centran en que las características de la socialización en las zonas de residencia juvenil, donde se construyen vínculos y configuran expectativas, favorecen o refuerzan patrones de movilidad según la herencia de clase. Asimismo, otra pauta que el estudio muestra es que si bien la educación sigue atada a los orígenes sociales y ligada al territorio, ejerce un efecto en las posibilidades y oportunidades en el camino de ascenso social. El presente estudio brinda elementos para sustentar la hipótesis de que el territorio tiene un peso específico propio en los procesos de estratificación social.

IL-17-producing NKT cells depend exclusively on IL-7 for homeostasis and survival.

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Webster, K E; Kim, H-O; Kyparissoudis, K; Corpuz, T M; Pinget, G V; Uldrich, A P; Brink, R; Belz, G T; Cho, J-H; Godfrey, D I; Sprent, J

2014-09-01

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T cells that rapidly recognize pathogens and produce cytokines that shape the ensuing immune response. IL-17-producing NKT cells are enriched in barrier tissues, such as the lung, skin, and peripheral lymph nodes, and the factors that maintain this population in the periphery have not been elucidated. Here we show that NKT17 cells deviate from other NKT cells in their survival requirements. In contrast to conventional NKT cells that are maintained by IL-15, RORγt(+) NKT cells are IL-15 independent and instead rely completely on IL-7. IL-7 initiates a T-cell receptor-independent (TCR-independent) expansion of NKT17 cells, thus supporting their homeostasis. Without IL-7, survival is dramatically impaired, yet residual cells remain lineage committed with no downregulation of RORγt evident. Their preferential response to IL-7 does not reflect enhanced signaling through STAT proteins, but instead is modulated via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The ability to compete for IL-7 is dependent on high-density IL-7 receptor expression, which would promote uptake of low levels of IL-7 produced in the non-lymphoid sites of lung and skin. This dependence on IL-7 is also reported for RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) Th17 cells, and suggests common survival requirements for functionally similar cells.

La zona de reserva campesina del valle del río Cimitarra: un ejercicio inconcluso de participación ciudadana y manejo colectivo del territorio

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Andrés Leonardo Molina Portuguez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía Cuad. Geogr. Rev. Colomb. Geogr., Volumen 20, Número 2, p. 21 - 33, 2011. ISSN electrónico 2256-5442. ISSN impreso 0121-215X. La zona de reserva campesina del valle del río Cimitarra: un ejercicio inconcluso de participación ciudadana y manejo colectivo del territorio A zona de reserva camponesa do vale do rio Cimitarra: um exercício inconcluso de participação cidadã e manejo colectivo do território The Cimitarra River Valley Rural Reserve Zone: An Unfinished Exercise in Citizen Participation and Collective Management of Territory Andrés Leonardo Molina Portuguez* Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá *Ingeniero Forestal, actualmente cursa estudios de Maestría en Geografía en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Su proyecto de tesis estudia el fenómeno de los cultivos de uso ilícito en Colombia. Ha sido ponente en congresos nacionales relacionados con biodiversidad y el ordenamiento del territorio. Se ha desempeñado profesionalmente en investigaciones sobre bosques tropicales, programas de desarrollo alternativo, proyectos de ordenamiento territorial y ambiental. Dirección postal: carrera 72J Bis n.° 40C-50. Interior 2, apt. 302. Alamedas de Timiza I. Bogotá. Colombia. Correo electrónico: lmportuguez@gmail.com; almolinap@unal.edu.co Recibido: 14 de marzo del 2011. Aceptado: 30 de mayo del 2011 Artículo de investigación sobre los problemas para la planeación y gestión territorial participativa en la zona de reserva del río Cimitarra en Colombia. Resumen La zona de reserva campesina del valle del río Cimitarra (ZRC fue creada con el objetivo de estabilizar la economía campesina y crear un espacio participativo de ordenamiento territorial rural. Sin embargo, cuatro meses después de su creación la ZRC fue suspendida por el Gobierno nacional. En este contexto, el artículo analiza algunos elementos necesarios para llevar a cabo la planeación territorial como

Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, territorio financiero del libre comercio

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Margarita Camarena Luhrs

2014-09-01

Full Text Available A veinte años de la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica, posiblemente ha agotado sus posibilidades. De sus objetivos, los que resultaron viables, fue la constitución de un territorio financiero de libre comercio, libre y continuo en Norteamérica. Con este proceso destaca el imperativo financiero de la expansión comercial trilateral; pero también, tal como se muestra con esta reflexión, que tras esos resultados comerciales opera una inteligencia financiera y territorial, realmente geoestratégica, promotora de extrema “liberalización proteccionista” que traspasa y supera las capacidades nacionales de Estados.

Il paesaggio dell’architettura

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Paolo Zermani

2015-11-01

Full Text Available l saggio si articola come un’itinerario tra alcuni progetti italiani proposti come “occasioni di applicazione di un modo d’intendere l’architettura nel rapporto con il paesaggio smarrito, che cambia, ma potrebbe custodire ancora i valori di ciò che Heidegger definiva il “soggiorno”: la riconoscibilità intesa come misura”. Le architetture, come strumenti di conoscenza dello spazio, entrano nel paesaggio per diventarne speciali “misuratori”.Partendo dai luoghi del paesaggio padano, Noceto, con il Nuovo Municipio, con la minimale Cappella della Madonna, con il Padiglione privato, e Varano, con la Casa dal grande occhio spalancato sul bosco, alle terre umbre, con la Chiesa ed il Centro Parrocchiale di Perugia ed il Cimitero di Sansepolcro, si propone un percorso di ricerca di una identità dell’architettura italiana contemporanea nella dimensione paesaggistica. 

Il Bosone di Higgs

CERN Multimedia

Hemmer, Sabine

2018-01-01

Poster di ATLAS sul bosone di Higgs indirizzato al pubblico generico, che spiega il meccanismo di Brout-Englert-Higgs e la sua importanza. Spiega anche il ruolo del Bosone di Higgs, come viene cercato, il percorso della sua scoperta e cosa viene dopo la scoperta. Disponibile anche in Francese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697501) e Inglese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697389). Non esitate a utilizzarlo nelle sedi dei vostri Istituti e negli eventi divulgativi! Il poster è in formato A0. Cliccate sull'immagine per scaricare il .pdf ad alta qualità e stamparlo dove preferite. Per qualisasi domanda o commento potete contattare atlas-outreach-coordination@cern.ch

Comportamiento innovador del sistema agroalimentario de la Comunidad Valenciana: Cadena de valor, vínculos intersectoriales y territorio.

OpenAIRE

LÓPEZ-GARCÍA USACH, TERESA

2013-01-01

La innovación es el elemento clave para el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo de los sectores y los territorios y un importante desafío del sistema agroalimentario para incrementar su productividad y sostenibilidad. El sistema de innovación es complejo tanto por la diversidad de actores que intervienen como por la heterogeneidad de las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos. Para impulsar el sistema de conocimiento e innovación en el sector agroalimentario es necesari...

Aspirin induces IL-4 production: augmented IL-4 production in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Su-Kang; Soo Kim, Byung; Gi Uhm, Tae; Soo Chang, Hun; Sook Park, Jong; Woo Park, Sung; Park, Choon-Sik; Chung, Il Yup

2016-01-01

Aspirin hypersensitivity is a hallmark of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a clinical syndrome characterized by the severe inflammation of the respiratory tract after ingestion of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. We investigated the capacity of aspirin to induce interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in inflammatory cells relevant to AERD pathogenesis and examined the associated biochemical and molecular pathways. We also compared IL-4 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AERD vs aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) upon exposure to aspirin. Aspirin induced IL-4 expression and activated the IL-4 promoter in a report assay. The capacity of aspirin to induce IL-4 expression correlated with its activity to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases, to form DNA–protein complexes on P elements in the IL-4 promoter and to synthesize nuclear factor of activated T cells, critical transcription factors for IL-4 transcription. Of clinical importance, aspirin upregulated IL-4 production twice as much in PBMCs from patients with AERD compared with PBMCs from patients with ATA. Our results suggest that IL-4 is an inflammatory component mediating intolerance reactions to aspirin, and thus is crucial for AERD pathogenesis. PMID:27534531

Araucanía (Chile) y su territorio: un contraste entre lo etéreo y lo material

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Domínguez, Cristian Pablo; Saavedra Teigue, Andrea Alejandra

2010-01-01

La Araucanía, ubicada al sur de Chile, es uno de los territorios que posee mayor diversidad cultural como fruto del proceso de colonización que otorgó un sello distintivo a esta zona a fines del siglo XIX, lo que se puede apreciar en diferentes manifestaciones, muchas de las cuales encuentran su máxima expresión a través de la arquitectura, la que materializa una compleja realidad cargada de ritos, emocionalidad y tradiciones tanto europeas, chilenas o mapuche que conviven fundiéndose en un p...

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Timper, Katharina; Denson, Jesse Lee; Steculorum, Sophie Marie; Heilinger, Christian; Engström-Ruud, Linda; Wunderlich, Claudia Maria; Rose-John, Stefan; Wunderlich, F Thomas; Brüning, Jens Claus

2017-04-11

Interleukin (IL)-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharina Timper

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance.

Habitar en Tierras Secas: La Tierra Cruda como vehículo de habitabilidad en el territorio no irrigado del norte de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

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Virginia Miranda Gassull

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El territorio no irrigado del norte de la provincia de Mendoza es un vasto espacio sin acceso al bien hídrico, donde habita dispersa una población campesina de identidad originaria Huarpe. Habitar en este territorio ha sido desde hace siglos un desafío tanto al clima/ambiente como a condiciones sociopolíticas. Por lo tanto, el hábitat en tierras secas presenta particulares características respecto a su forma de gestión (autónoma, a su adaptación al ambiente y al uso de la técnica constructiva con tierra cruda: adobe. El objetivo a desarrollar aquí se sustenta en el uso actual del adobe, concebido como un vehículo que facilita la autoconstrucción y autoproducción de soluciones habitacionales en poblaciones desposeídas, ajustando su vivienda a las implicancias de un territorio árido y a un largo proceso de vulnerabilidad de derechos. Este artículo aproxima los primeros resultados de los relevamientos realizados sobre la técnica constructiva del adobe (a través de técnicas cuantitativas: encuesta y muestras in situ y las características propias del hábitat social de la población originaria Huarpe, a partir de la técnica de la observación participante.

Diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents for differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Jiaming; Wang Limin

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the possible diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 in patients with tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. Methods: Serum and chest fluid ADA (with biochemical method), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 (with ELISA) contents were measured in 56 patients with tuberculosis pleural effusion, 53 patients with malignant effusion and 30 controls (in serum only). The receiving operative characteristic (ROC) curve for each parameter was analyzed for study of respective area under curse (Auc). Results: The serum IL-6 levels in both groups of patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). The chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with tuberculous effusion were all significantly higher than those in patients with malignancies (P<0.05). The Auc in the ROC was largest in the case of ADA, followed by IL-10, IL-6 with IL-2 the least. Conclusion: Determination of chest fluid ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents was helpful in the differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion. Combined determination of chest fluid ADA and IL-10 provided the highest accuracy rate for differentional diagnosis. (authors)

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IL-31, and IL-33 in Children with Allergic Disease of the Airways

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Anna Bonanno

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Low vitamin D is involved in allergic asthma and rhinitis. IL-31 and IL-33 correlate with Th2-associated cytokines in allergic disease. We investigated whether low vitamin D is linked with circulating IL-31 and IL-33 in children with allergic disease of the airways. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH Vit D], IL-31, and IL-33 plasma levels were measured in 28 controls (HC, 11 allergic rhinitis (AR patients, and 35 allergic asthma with rhinitis (AAR patients. We found significant lower levels of 25(OH Vit D in AR and in AAR than in HC. IL-31 and IL-33 plasma levels significantly increased in AAR than HC. IL-31 and IL-33 positively correlated in AR and AAR. 25(OH Vit D deficient AAR had higher levels of blood eosinophils, exacerbations, disease duration, and total IgE than patients with insufficient or sufficient 25(OH Vit D. In AAR 25(OH Vit D levels inversely correlated with total allergen sIgE score and total atopy index. IL-31 and IL-33 did not correlate with 25(OH Vit D in AR and AAR. In conclusion, low levels of 25(OH Vit D might represent a risk factor for the development of concomitant asthma and rhinitis in children with allergic disease of the airways independently of IL-31/IL-33 Th2 activity.

Il colore delle cose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vincenzo Vitiello

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Tema di questo saggio è l’operare della riflessione. Vitiello, dopo essersi soffermato sulla «frattura» tra la riflessione (il «vedersi» e il suo operare in Valéry, si concentra sul processo, descritto da Hegel nella Fenomenologia dello spirito, dell’esperienza della coscienza che s’eleva a coscienza dell’esperienza. La conclusione è fortemente critica: Hegel fallisce la mèta nel punto stesso in cui la raggiunge. Infatti nel sapere assoluto, nella visione compiuta, perfetta di sé, della luce che vede luce, viene meno proprio l’esperienza della coscienza, il suo divenire, la sua «imperfezione». La critica a Hegel, passando attraverso Nietzsche, si amplia a critica del linguaggio, in particolare del linguaggio dell’«essere» e  dell’«è», e delle tautologie heideggeriane quali «das Ereignis ereignet», «das Ding dingt», «die Welt weltet». Un importante passaggio del testo è quello sul linguaggio teatrale in cui la parola sembra riacquistare il legame originale tra la voce e il gesto, che tuttavia restano divisi, perché proprio il medio che li lega, il «colore» della parola, è «fuori» della parola e del gesto. Resta la parola dell’agire, dei pragmata, in cui il fare si espone nella sua modalità più propria: nell’immediatezza del patire: il grido di dolore; o nella mediatezza riflessiva dell’imperativo morale: Handle! I due opposti «colori» delle cose.

Counterbalancing of TH2-driven allergic airway inflammation by IL-12 does not require IL-10.

Science.gov (United States)

Tournoy, K G; Kips, J C; Pauwels, R A

2001-03-01

Asthma is characterized by allergen-induced airway inflammation orchestrated by TH2 cells. The TH1-promoting cytokine IL-12 is capable of inhibiting the TH2-driven allergen-induced airway changes in mice and is therefore regarded as an interesting strategy for treating asthma. The antiallergic effects of IL-12 are only partially dependent of IFN-gamma. Because IL-12 is a potent inducer of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo whether the antiallergic effects of IL-12 are mediated through IL-10. C57BL/6J-IL-10 knock-out (IL-10(-/-)) mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently exposed from day 14 to day 21 to aerosolized OVA (1%). IL-12 was administered intraperitoneally during sensitization, subsequent OVA exposure, or both. IL-12 inhibited the OVA-induced airway eosinophilia, despite the absence of IL-10. Moreover, a shift from a TH2 inflammatory pattern toward a TH1 reaction was observed, with concomitant pronounced mononuclear peribronchial inflammation after IL-12 treatment. Allergen-specific IgE synthesis was completely suppressed only when IL-12 was administered along with the allergen sensitization. Furthermore, treating the animals with IL-12 at the time of the secondary allergen challenge resulted not only in a significant suppression of the airway responsiveness but also in an important IFN-gamma-associated toxicity. These results indicate that IL-12 is able to inhibit allergen-induced airway changes, even in the absence of IL-10. In addition, our results raise concerns regarding the redirection of TH2 inflammation by TH1-inducing therapies because treatment with IL-12 resulted not only in a disappearance of the TH2 inflammation but also in a TH1-driven inflammatory pulmonary pathology.

[Cytokines and malaria. A study of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, IL6 and IL2R in 28 patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolas, P; Hovette, P; Merouze, F; Touze, J E; Martet, G

1994-01-01

Authors have studied TNF alpha, IL1 bêta, IL6 and RIL2s in 28 malaria illness patients. Increased levels of TNF, IL1 bêta and RIL2s in serum, are observed on admission to hospital. These cytokine levels are decreased, eight days later, after patients are treated. In discussion, TNF levels as a prognosis component is evocated.

Profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- ? , TNF- ? and KC-like cytokines in pregnant bitches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.A.R. Feliciano

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines and KC-like cells (natural killer in pregnant bitches, unpublished values for the species. A total of 27 females of the Shi Tzu, Pug, English Bulldog and French breeds, weighing 4-20kg and aged 4-6 years were used. Blood samples were collected from bitches during the anestrous and on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week of pregnancy. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by panel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA validated for dogs. Twenty four females showed physiological pregnancy and three bitches showed pathological pregnancy. There was no difference between cytokine values during anestrous and gestational weeks of bitches (P>0.05. However, it was possible to verify the physiological behavior of serum levels during modulation of immune response in the gestational process of animals. In animals with gestational disorders, abnormal values for IL-2, IL-4 and INF-y were noted. It was concluded that serum levels of cytokines evaluated in pregnant bitches can help the better understanding of physiological and pathological gestational processes and correlated immunology in this species.

Cytokine vaccination: neutralising IL-1alpha autoantibodies induced by immunisation with homologous IL-1alpha

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svenson, M; Hansen, M B; Thomsen, Allan Randrup

2000-01-01

with IL-1alpha coupled to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Both unprimed and primed animals developed IgG aAb to IL-1alpha. These aAb persisted at high levels more than 100 days after vaccination and did not cross-react with murine IL-1beta. The induced anti-IL-1alpha aAb inhibited binding...... in mice by vaccination with recombinant murine IL-1alpha conjugated to PPD. Studies of the effects of IL-1alpha aAb in such animals may help clarify the importance of naturally occurring IL-1alpha aAb in humans and permit the evaluation of future therapies with cytokine aAb in patients...

IL FENOMENO DELL’ALTERNANZA L1/L2 NELL’INSEGNAMENTO DELL’ITALIANO COME LINGUA STRANIERA. ANALISI DI UN CORPUS DI INTERAZIONI DIDATTICHE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Arrigoni

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La modalità plurilingue della comunicazione in classi di lingua straniera può rientrare tra le strategie pedagogiche a disposizione dell’insegnante per il raggiungimento di precisi scopi didattici e formativi. Partendo da una breve analisi sul significato di parlante plurilingue e plurilinguismo stesso, in questo articolo si è voluto esaminare come si attua una educazione al plurilinguismo in contesti formativi e, in particolare, se e come l’utilizzo della L1 può costituire uno strumento di supporto all’insegnamento e all’apprendimento di una lingua straniera. A questo scopo sono stati analizzati i dati raccolti presso l’Università di Coventry durante corsi di italiano L2 per studenti anglofoni. I fenomeni di contatto linguistico L1/L2 più frequenti e significativi sono stati suddivisi in base al parlante e alle loro funzioni.   The phenomena of l1/l2 alternation in the teaching of italian as a foreign language. analysis of a corpus of didactic interactions Multilingual communication in foreign language classrooms can be considered as one of the teacher’s pedagogical  strategies to achieve specific educational aims. Through a brief analysis of the meaning of multilingual speakers and multilingualism, this article examines how an education to multilingualism in teaching contexts is carried out and, in particular, if and how the use of the L1 can be a helpful tool for the foreign language teaching and learning. For this purpose the data collected at Coventry University during Italian (L2 classrooms for English students were examined. The more common and meaningful phenomena of linguistic contact between L1 and L2 were grouped according to the speaker and to their functions.

Clinical value of determination of changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after transfusion of Red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Tingting; Li Xinghua

2011-01-01

Objective: To investigation the changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 contents after transfusion of red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer. Methods: Serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 (with RIA), serum IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 31 patients with peptic ulcer and 35 controls. Results: Before transfusion,the serum IL-2 level in the patients was significantly lower than that in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels is clinically useful for monitoring progress and favourable prognosis of patients with peptic ulcer possess important clinical value. (authors)

Clinical significance of determination of changes of EPS IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yongchang

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of the changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods: Expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 (with Radioimmunoassay) and LDH5/LDH1 (with cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis) levels were determined in 32 patients with chronic prostatitis and 35 controls. These 32 patients were of 3 groups: 1)chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP, n=10) 2) chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIA (CPPS IIIA n=9) 3) CPPSIIIB n=13. Results: Expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and LDH5/LDH1 were significantly higher in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) groups than those in controls (all P 0.05). But the expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-10 were still significantly lower in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPSIIIB) groups than those in controls (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There were changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Combined determination of the expressed prostatic secretion 4 markers levels is valuable for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and CPPSIII and for differentiation of CPPSIII types. (authors)

Endogenous IL-1 in cognitive function and anxiety: a study in IL-1RI-/- mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carol L Murray

Full Text Available Interleukin-1 (IL-1 is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI. IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI(-/- mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI(-/- animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT mice to IL-1RI(-/- mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI(-/- mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI(-/- mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI(-/- mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI(-/- mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI(-/- mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in hippocampal

Elevated levels of circulating IL-18BP and perturbed regulation of IL-18 in schizophrenia

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Palladino Ilaria

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL-18 has been proposed to play a role in schizophrenia, since elevated circulating levels of its protein and altered frequencies of genetic variants in its molecular system are reported in schizophrenic patients. Methods We analyzed 77 patients with schizophrenia diagnosis (SCZ and 77 healthy control subjects (HC for serum concentration of both IL-18 and its natural inhibitor, the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP. Results We confirmed that serum levels of total IL-18 are significantly increased in SCZ, as compared to HC. However, due to a highly significant increase in levels of circulating IL-18BP in SCZ, as compared to HC, the levels of free, bioactive IL-18 are not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the relationships between the levels of IL-18 and its inhibitor, as well as between the two molecules and age appear dissimilar for SCZ and HC. In particular, the elevated levels of IL-18BP, likely a consequence of the body’s attempt to counteract the early prominent inflammation which characterizes schizophrenia, are maintained in earlier and later stages of the disease. However, the IL-18BP elevation appears ineffective to balance the IL-18 system in younger SCZ patients, while in older patients the levels of circulating bioactive IL-18 are comparable to those of HC, if not lower. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings indicate that the IL-18 system is perturbed in schizophrenia, supporting the idea that this pro-inflammatory cytokine might be part of a pathway of genetic and environmental components for vulnerability to the disease.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis

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Charlie Bridgewood

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bridgewood, Charlie; Fearnley, Gareth W; Berekmeri, Anna; Laws, Philip; Macleod, Tom; Ponnambalam, Sreenivasan; Stacey, Martin; Graham, Anne; Wittmann, Miriam

2018-01-01

The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes: A renascence of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2016-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 3 (2016), e1102829 ISSN 2162-402X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-12885S; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Anti-IL-2 mAb * cancer immunotherapy * IL-2 Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 7.719, year: 2016

A comparison of blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α in neonates with perinatal hypoxia

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Darinka Šumanović-Glamuzina

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a specific and important pathological event in neonatal care practice. The data on relationship between the concentrations of cytokines in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF and perinatal brain injury are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α levels in newborns with perinatal hypoxia (PNH. CSF and serum samples of 35 term and near-term (35-40 weeks newborns with PNH, at the age of 3-96 hours, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Control group consisted of 25 non-asphyxic/non-hypoxic infants of the same age sampled for clinically suspected perinatal meningitis, but proven negative and healthy otherwise. The cytokine values in CSF and serum samples were determined in relation to initial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE staged according the Sarnat/Sarnat method, and compared with neurological outcome at 12 months of age estimated using Amiel-Tison procedure. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of PNH patients were significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.023, respectively. No significant difference between average values of cytokines in relation to the stage of HIE was observed. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-18 corresponded to a mildly abnormal neurological outcome, while higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α corresponded to a severely abnormal neurological outcome, at 12 months of age. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α better corresponded with hypoxia/ischemia compared to CSF values, within 96 hours of birth. Also, higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 corresponded better with abnormal neurological outcome at 12 months of age, compared to CSF values.

Aguas labradas: Regeneración de territorios fragmentados por la introducción de planos de agua artificial

OpenAIRE

Cumbre, Jose María

2014-01-01

[ESP] Los grandes complejos hidráulicos, caracterizados por su carácter duradero, transgeneracional y artificial, ocasionan graves problemas. Al no favorecer una integración con el continuo territorial, originan una vertiginosa merma de las economías locales y a la ruptura de vínculos entre las poblaciones y sus territorios. El entorno territorial de Alqueva se caracteriza por una población con un alto grado de envejecimiento y en progresivo proceso de recesión demográfica. Se trata asi...

Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery

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Jensen-Waern Marianne

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanisme involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease. Methods Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Results IL-1β was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-α increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-γ was not detected on any occasion. Conclusion B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1β during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.

Il secondo principio

CERN Document Server

Atkins, Peter W

1988-01-01

L'asimmetria della Natura ; l'indicatore di una trasformazione ; scivolando verso il caos ; la quantificazione del caos ; la potenzialità del caos ; le trasformazioni del caos ; il dominio della temperatura ; caos costtrutivo ; le strutture del caos.

Il corpo narratore

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Ivano Gamelli

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Sapere cosa provo attraverso il mio corpo di fronte all’altro mi permette non solo di capire cosa l'altro prova, soprattutto di generare naturalmente un’effettiva sintonizzazione, di evidenziare e nominare emozioni e sentimenti che in-formano la relazione con quel particolare bambino, adolescente o adulto che sia. Il rapporto con il linguaggio del corpo, prima ancora di divenire pratica psicopedagogica, è una 'pedagogia dell'esistenza'. Una pratica della nostra quotidianità che possiamo affinare oltre e prima che essa diventi pratica psicopedagogica.

Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Fang; McCaw, Lindsay; Spaner, David E; Gorczynski, Reginald M

2018-03-01

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Il Sole, il genoma e Internet strumenti delle revoluzioni scientifiche

CERN Document Server

Dyson, Freeman J

2000-01-01

In queste appassionate conferenze «di soglia» Dyson si sporge sul domani con la visionarietà di un Verne o di un Wells, consapevole però di abbozzare «solo uno dei corsi possibili, tra i milioni di altri che il futuro potrà riservarci». Il nuovo trivio di forze rivoluzionarie che, secondo il modello di Dyson, muoverà lo sviluppo ha nomi noti a tutti, e disputati da molti: energia solare, ingegneria genetica, rete di comunicazione globale. Un loro utilizzo flessibile e sinergico arriverebbe a ridisegnare il paesaggio sociale del pianeta, facendo affluire verso aree depresse risorse ora concentrate in pochi paesi, e ridando vita ovunque all'economia di villaggio. La raccolta di energia da una fonte equidistribuita come la luce solare potrebbe infatti avvenire attraverso coltivazioni arboree manipolate genetica mente allo scopo, con costi sostenibili e senza pregiudizio della ecodiversità. Sia che guardi al prossimo futuro terrestre sia che contempli la prospettiva non troppo lontana di insediamenti uma...

“La peor plaga que pudo haber traído la locomotora”. Prostitución y control estatal en un Territorio Nacional Norpatagónico: Río Negro 1880-1920

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Argeri, María Elba

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Se abordan las contradicciones que emergieron en el Territorio Nacional del Río Negro entre 1880 y 1920, a raíz de la pretensión del poder federal de imponer la regulación del comercio sexual en los territorios recién conquistados. Dicha imposición desencadenó diferentes instancias conflictivas que permiten desvelar procesos sociales muy complejos en la consolidación de las instituciones federales, una vez conquistada la Patagonia. Surge, así, un proceso histórico contradictorio, en el cual tuvieron un peso decisivo la existencia de múltiples mecanismos y juegos de poder, que se daban a nivel local en el mismo momento de formación de los sectores dominantes y subalternos del territorio.

En este contexto, las medidas adoptadas para el disciplinamiento de las mujeres no sólo tenían como fin la sumisión de género según las pautas de la ideología dominante, sino que se inscribían en el proceso histórico de transformación de aquellas pautas culturales tradicionales en la región que fuesen disfuncionales para el nuevo modelo de dominación.

IL-15/IL-15 receptor biology: a guided tour through an expanding universe.

Science.gov (United States)

Budagian, Vadim; Bulanova, Elena; Paus, Ralf; Bulfone-Paus, Silvia

2006-08-01

The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has a key role in promoting survival, proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. Despite its functional similarities to IL-2, IL-15 affects a wider range of target cell populations and utilizes different mechanisms of signaling. Here, we review recent advances in the IL-15-mediated signaling, and in the functional properties on cells besides T lymphocytes and NK cells. These are discussed in the context of their potential clinical and therapeutic relevance.

Nuevas teorías del crecimiento económico: lectura desde la perspectiva de los territorios de la periferia

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Carlos A. de Mattos

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo nos proponemos explorar las implicancias de las nuevas teorías neoclásicas para el análisis de las perspectivas de crecimiento para el caso de territorios de menor desarrollo relativo y, consecuentemente, de las previsiones de convergencia o divergencia inter–regional. A estos efectos, ante todo reseñaremos los contenidos centrales de los modelos de crecimiento derivados de las teorías keynesiana y neoclásica, a fin de poder revisar su influencia en la política económica nacional y regional en el período de la segunda posguerra y caracterizar los cambios que han comenzado a observarse a raíz de la creciente difusión de los modelos de crecimiento endógeno. A continuación, analizaremos las principales implicancias de los aportes de estos nuevos modelos para la definición de políticas regionales tanto de alcance nacional como subnacional. Finalmente, a la luz de los factores y las explicaciones aportados por estas nuevas teorías del crecimiento, esbozaremos algunos elementos de juicio y criterios para el estudio de las perspectivas de crecimiento económico en territorios de menor desarrollo relativo para, sobre esa base, discutir sus posibilidades futuras en términos de convergencia o divergencia.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M; Garg, Abhishek V; Jaycox, Jillian R; Gaffen, Sarah L

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE Is Dispensable for Immunity to Systemic, Oral and Cutaneous Candidiasis

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R.; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M.; Garg, Abhishek V.; Jaycox, Jillian R.; Gaffen, Sarah L.

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections. PMID:25849644

APORTES PARA EL ESTUDIO DEL TERRITORIO: LOS NAHUAS DE ZONGOLICA VERACRUZ

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MARTHA INÉS FLORES PACHECO

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El estudio sobre el tema del territorio indígena es muy amplio y puede analizarse desde diferentes perspectivas teórico metodológicas, no obstante, este artículo lo aborda principalmente desde el enfoque de la antropología y el trabajo etnográfico. La región de estudio es la zona nahua de Zongolica donde se está realizando el proyecto de investigación intitulado: Políticas sociales y Pueblos Indígenas; turismo y patrimonio histórico, cultural y natural de la Región de las Montañas, Veracruz. En el presente artículo se exponen los avances de la revisión teórica sobre la territorialidad indígena y su vinculación con la cosmovisión indígena, los derechos indígenas y el patrimonio histórico cultural y natural, territorialidad que está siendo violentada por otros grupos sociales y acciones de desarrollo promovidas por el Estado Mexicano.

Indagini Stratigrafiche e Sistemi Informativi Architettonici: il GIS della chiesa di S. Maria in Valle Porclaneta

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Trizio, Ilaria

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The church of Santa Maria in Valle Porclaneta and its accessories are what remains of an ancient Benedictine monastery, built in the heart of Abruzzo region (Magliano dei Marsi, L’Aquila at the end of the XII century. Even if literature, starting from the end of XIX century, has been often interested in this architectural manufactured, the process of historical-critical knowledge of the complex revealed itself difficult due to the absence of archaeological data, the shortage of the documents and, above all, the numerous interventions of restoration that, followed during all last century, have deeply modified the original compages of it. Due to the difficulties met, the overlap between the few documental data and the data derived from the direct investigation of the structures, performed with the aid of an Architectural Informative System, made possible to hypothesize a chronological reconstruction of the principal phases of life of the monastic complex.[it] La chiesa di Santa Maria in Valle Porclaneta e i suoi ambienti accessori sono quanto resta di un antico monastero benedettino, edificato nel cuore del territorio abruzzese (Magliano dei Marsi, L’Aquila sul finire del XII secolo. Sebbene la letteratura, a partire dalla fine dell’Ottocento, si sia spesso occupata di questo manufatto, il processo di conoscenza storico-critica del complesso si è rivelato difficoltoso a causa dell’assenza di dati archeologici, della scarsità di fonti documentarie pervenute, e, soprattutto a causa del susseguirsi di numerosi interventi di restauro che, succedutisi senza soluzione di continuità per tutto il secolo scorso, ne hanno letteralmente stravolto la compagine originale. A fronte delle difficoltà incontrate, la sovrapposizione tra i pochi dati documentali e i dati derivati dall’indagine diretta delle strutture, eseguita con l’ausilio di un Sistema Informativo Architettonico ha consentito di ipotizzare una ricostruzione cronologica delle

Candice Lin: paisaje, territorio y fronteras (Candice Lin: Landscape, Territory and Boundaries

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Gabriel Baltodano Román

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Se analizan los contenidos ideológicos de la acuarela «Nacimiento de una nación» (2008, de Candice Lin. A partir de nociones como territorio, tropo caníbal, tipo botánico tropical y pensamiento fronterizo, se plantea una interpretación de esa paisajística pictórica, en que la artista-activista reflexiona sobre el régimen de representación visual. Mediante diversos procedimientos formales, Lin pone en entredicho preceptos centrales de la mentalidad colonialista, que contrapone a las concepciones indigenistas. Abstract An analysis is provided of the ideological contents of the watercolor “Birth of a Nation” (2008, by Candice Lin. This interpretation of this pictorial landscape is based on notions such as territory, cannibal tropes, tropical botanical types and border thinking. The artist activist reflects here on the regime of visual representation. Using different formal procedures, Lin questions central precepts of the colonialist mentality, in contrast with indigenous conceptions.

The role of interleukin-5 (IL-5 in vivo: studies with IL-5 deficient mice

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Klaus I Matthaei

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophil recruitment is a characteristic feature of a number of pathological conditions and was the topic of the recent International Symposium on allergic inflammation, asthma, parasitic and infectious diseases (Rio de Janeiro, June 3-5, 1996. Since interleukin5 (IL5 is believed to regulate the growth, differentiation and activation of eosinophils (Coffman et al. 1989, Sanderson 1992, the role of eosinophils and IL5 are closely linked. Although IL5 specifically regulates eosinophilia in vivo and this is its most well established activity, it is becoming clear that IL5 also has other biological effects. The recent derivation of an IL5 deficient mouse (Kopf et al. 1996, provides a model for exploring not only the role of IL5 and eosinophils but also other novel activities of IL5. Of note is that although the IL5 deficient mice cannot elicit a pronounced eosinophilia in response to inflammatory stimulation following aeroallergen challenge or parasite infection they still produce basal levels of eosinophils that appear to be morphologically and functionally normal. However, the basal levels of eosinophils appear insufficient for normal host defence as IL5 deficiency has now been shown to compromise defence against several helminth infections. In addition, IL5 deficient mice appear to have functional deficiencies in B-1 B lymphocytes and in IgA production.

Predictive value of IL-35 and IL-17 in diagnosis of childhood asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Mansour, Amira Ibrahim; Abd Almonaem, Eman Rateb; Behairy, Ola Galal; Gouda, Tahany Mahmoud

2017-09-01

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-35 and the presence and severity of childhood asthma. The study was performed on 60 diagnosed asthmatic children, who were further classified into four groups according to the Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines for Asthma Severity and Control (GINA) 2016, plus 30 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and laboratory evaluation in the form of complete blood count (CBC), serum total IgE, IL-17 and IL-35 by ELISA. Our results revealed that eosinophils count, IgE and IL-17 were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than the control group (p 13.1 pg/mL; this value could predict childhood asthma with sensitivity of 81.7% and 83.3%, and specificity of 76.7% and 70%, respectively. A combination of both cytokines yielded an increase in sensitivity to 95%. In conclusion, in the current study, IL-17 is upregulated while IL-35 is downregulated in childhood asthma with a significant negative correlation between both. These results suggest that both may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.

Situazione altimetrica attuale del comprensorio veneziano e i suoi riflessi sull'ambiente lagunare

OpenAIRE

Carbognin, Laura; Tosi, Luigi

1995-01-01

Dopo aver inquadrato il processo della subsidenza che dagli inizi degli anni cinquanta ha interessato in modo particolare il territorio e la città di Venezia per le intensive estrazioni di acque sotterranee, viene effettuata un'analisi di dettaglio dell'attuale situazione altimetrica del comprensorio lagunare. Lo studio si basa sostanzialmente sulla interpretazione delle altimetrie 1993 confrontate a quelle del 1973 risultanti dalle due rispettive livellazioni di alta-altissima precisione con...

Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii-induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Muñoz, Melba; Heimesaat, Markus M; Danker, Kerstin

2009-01-01

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected...... mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii-induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down...

Genetic regulation of IL1RL1 methylation and IL1RL1-a protein levels in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Dijk, F Nicole; Xu, Chengjian; Melén, Erik; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Kumar, Asish; Nolte, Ilja M; Gruzieva, Olena; Pershagen, Goran; Grotenboer, Neomi S; Savenije, Olga E M; Antó, Josep Maria; Lavi, Iris; Dobaño, Carlota; Bousquet, Jean; van der Vlies, Pieter; van der Valk, Ralf J P; de Jongste, Johan C; Nawijn, Martijn C; Guerra, Stefano; Postma, Dirkje S; Koppelman, Gerard H

2018-03-01

Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ( IL1RL1 ) is an important asthma gene. (Epi)genetic regulation of IL1RL1 protein expression has not been established. We assessed the association between IL1RL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a protein levels, and aimed to identify causal pathways in asthma.Associations of IL1RL1 SNPs with asthma were determined in the Dutch Asthma Genome-wide Association Study cohort and three European birth cohorts, BAMSE (Children/Barn, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, an Epidemiological survey), INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) and PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy), participating in the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy study. We performed blood DNA IL1RL1 methylation quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis (n=496) and (epi)genome-wide protein QTL analysis on serum IL1RL1-a levels (n=1462). We investigated the association of IL1RL1 CpG methylation with asthma (n=632) and IL1RL1-a levels (n=548), with subsequent causal inference testing. Finally, we determined the association of IL1RL1-a levels with asthma and its clinical characteristics (n=1101). IL1RL1 asthma-risk SNPs strongly associated with IL1RL1 methylation (rs1420101; p=3.7×10 -16 ) and serum IL1RL1-a levels (p=2.8×10 -56 ). IL1RL1 methylation was not associated with asthma or IL1RL1-a levels. IL1RL1-a levels negatively correlated with blood eosinophil counts, whereas there was no association between IL1RL1-a levels and asthma.In conclusion, asthma-associated IL1RL1 SNPs strongly regulate IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a levels, yet neither these IL1RL1- methylation CpG sites nor IL1RL1-a levels are associated with asthma. Copyright ©ERS 2018.

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuchigami, Takao; Kibe, Toshiro; Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio; Nishizawa, Yoshiaki; Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi; Ueda, Masahiro; Nakamura, Norifumi; Kiyono, Tohru; Kishida, Michiko

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuchigami, Takao [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kibe, Toshiro [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Nishizawa, Yoshiaki [Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Ueda, Masahiro [Natural Science Centre for Research and Education, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Koorimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580 (Japan); Nakamura, Norifumi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kiyono, Tohru [Department of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuouku, Tokyo 104-0045 (Japan); Kishida, Michiko, E-mail: kmichiko@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan)

2014-09-05

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Increasing the biological activity of IL-2 and IL-15 through complexing with anti-IL-2 mAbs and Il-15Ralfa-Fc chimera

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Votavová, Petra; Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2014-01-01

Roč. 195, č. 1 (2014), s. 1-10 ISSN 0165-2478 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP301/11/0325; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109; GA ČR GA13-12885S Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : IL-2 * IL-15 * chimera Subject RIV: EC - Immunology Impact factor: 2.512, year: 2014

Il muro come galleria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Duccio Dogheria

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Il muro, nel suo grigio rigore formale, nella sua fredda geometria, nel suo intento divisorio, nasconde spesso il cielo. Sovente il linguaggio dell’arte, ma non di meno quello della comunicazione, hanno interferito con le sue algide barriere. In molti casi, beninteso, non è che il potere in altre forme, che interferisce con se stesso: pensiamo ai bandi affissi agli angoli delle città, o le lettere d’indulgenza papali -spesso impreziosite da miniature al punto da poterle considerare antenate dal manifesto- che nel corso del medioevo venivano affisse sulle porte delle chiese.

Valorización de la naturaleza y disputa por el territorio en la Provincia de Santa Cruz

OpenAIRE

Godoy, Pablo; Fasioli, Enzo; Valiente, Silvia; Schweitzer, Alejandro

2013-01-01

Desde los inicios de la colonización europea, la historia de la Patagonia es la trayectoria de la ocupación para la puesta en valor de la riqueza de sus bienes naturales en el suelo, subsuelo y en su extenso litoral marítimo. Asentados primero en la explotación del ovino, luego del petróleo, el gas y el carbón y recientemente de la pesca, la minería metalífera y el turismo internacional, los territorios de las actuales provincias de Santa Cruz, del Chubut y de Tierra del Fuego, al igual que s...

Targeting the IL-33/IL-13 Axis for Respiratory Viral Infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Donovan, Chantal; Bourke, Jane E; Vlahos, Ross

2016-04-01

Lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are highly prevalent worldwide. One of the major factors that limits the efficacy of current medication in these patients are viral infections, leading to exacerbations of symptoms and decreased quality of life. Current pharmacological strategies targeting virus-induced lung disease are problematic due to antiviral resistance and the requirement for strain-specific vaccination. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this Opinion article, we provide state-of-the-art evidence from humans and preclinical animal models implicating the interleukin (IL)-33/IL-13 axis in virus-induced lung disease. Thus, targeting the IL-33/IL-13 axis may be a feasible way to overcome the limitations of current therapy used to treat virus-induced exacerbations of lung disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 ameliorates IL-1β-induced IL-8 in human gastric cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lian, Sen; Xia, Yong; Ung, Trong Thuan; Khoi, Pham Ngoc; Yoon, Hyun Joong; Kim, Nam Ho; Kim, Kyung Keun; Jung, Young Do

2016-01-01

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme oxygenase (HO), presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Accumulating evidence supports that interleukin (IL)-8 contribute to the vascularity of human gastric cancer. However, the inhibition of IL-8 expression by CO is yet to be elucidated. Here, we utilized CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) to investigate the effect of CO on IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human gastric cancer AGS cells. CORM-2 dose-dependently suppressed IL-1β-induced IL-8 mRNA and protein expression as well as IL-8 promoter activity. IL-1β induced the translocation of p47 phox to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX). Moreover, IL-1β activated MAPKs (Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) and promoted nuclear factor (NF)-kB and activator protein (AP)-1 binding activities. Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that NOX, ROS, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK are involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression. Transient transfection of deletion mutant constructs of the IL-8 promoter in cells suggested that NF-kB and AP-1 are critical for IL-1β-induced IL-8 transcription. NOX-derived ROS and MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK) functioned as upstream activators of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. CORM-2 pretreatment significantly mitigated IL-1β-induced activation of ROS/NF-kB and Erk1/2/AP-1 cascades, blocking IL-8 expression and thus significantly reducing endothelial cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment.

IL-4 and IL-13 Compromise the Sinonasal Epithelial Barrier and Perturb Intercellular Junction Protein Expression

Science.gov (United States)

Wise, Sarah K.; Laury, Adrienne M.; Katz, Elizabeth H.; Den Beste, Kyle A.; Parkos, Charles A.; Nusrat, Asma

2014-01-01

Introduction Altered expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins has been observed in sinonasal biopsies from nasal polyps and epithelial layers cultured from nasal polyp patients. These alterations comprise a “leaky” epithelial barrier phenotype. We hypothesize that Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 modulate epithelial junction proteins thereby contributing to the leaky epithelial barrier. Methods Differentiated primary sinonasal epithelial layers cultured at the air-liquid interface were exposed to IL-4, IL-13, and controls for 24 hours at 37°C. Epithelial resistance measurements were taken every 4 hours during cytokine exposure. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining/confocal microscopy were used to assess changes in a panel of tight and adherens junction proteins. Western blot densitometry was quantified with image analysis. Results IL-4 and IL-13 exposure resulted in a mean decrease in transepithelial resistance at 24 hours to 51.6% (n=6) and 68.6% (n=8) of baseline, respectively. Tight junction protein JAM-A expression decreased 42.2% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 37.5% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Adherens junction protein E-cadherin expression decreased 35.3% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 32.9% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Tight junction protein claudin-2 showed more variability but had a trend toward higher expression with Th2 cytokine exposure. There were no appreciable changes in claudin-1, occludin, or ZO-1 with IL-4 or IL-13 exposure. Conclusion Sinonasal epithelial exposure to Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 results in alterations in intercellular junction proteins, reflecting increased epithelial permeability. Such changes may explain some of the phenotypic manifestations of Th2-mediated sinonasal disease, such as edema, nasal discharge, and environmental reactivity. PMID:24510479

Territorialidades en transición: pobladores desplazados por la violencia del conflicto armado colombiano y la resignificación de su territorio

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Myriam Ocampo Prado

Full Text Available Resumen La violencia armada en Colombia obliga a las personas a abandonar su territorio para salvaguardar la vida. Cuatro estudios de caso con poblaciones desplazadas (mujeres jefas de hogar, afrodescendientes, indígenas, campesinos fueron emprendidos para aproximarse a la comprensión de dos procesos principales en los que se ven inmersos los migrantes forzados en búsqueda de superar la pérdida de su lugar en el mundo: desterritorialización y reterritorialización. La investigación mostró, entre las múltiples afectaciones que sobrevienen a estas personas, la dinámica de reconstrucción de un territorio para sí mismos que les exige adaptarse a condiciones de elevada precariedad en una espiral de pobreza y también de dependencia que los sujeta a la asistencia social y económica del Estado. Comprender el proceso que atraviesan involucra acercarse a una dimensión simbólica: significados y relación con el lugar de origen y con el lugar de reubicación; y una dimensión material: vivienda, trabajo, relaciones sociales y ocio.

Comparison of IL-6, IL-8 Concentrations in H. pylori- and non-H. pylori-associated Gastritis

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Gontar Alamsyah Siregar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. The gastric mucosal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6 and IL-8 have been reported to be increased in H. pylori infection, but the serum levels in H. pylori infection is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection. METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on eighty consecutive gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, Indonesia from May-October 2014. Histopathology was performed for the diagnosis of gastritis. Rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serum samples were obtained to determine circulating IL-6 and IL-8. Univariate and bivariate analysis (independent t test were done. RESULTS: There were 41.25% patients infected with H. pylori. Circulatory IL-6 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori negative, but there were no differences between serum levels of IL-8 in H. pylori positive and negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The immune response to H. pylori promotes systemic inflammation, which was reflected in an increased level of serum IL-6. Serum levels of IL-8 were not significantly different between H. pylori positive and negative. KEYWORDS: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, IL-6, IL-8, cytokine.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

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Heather R Conti

Full Text Available Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

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da Silva, Thiago Aparecido; Mariano, Vania Sammartino; Sardinha-Silva, Aline; de Souza, Maria Aparecida; Mineo, Tiago Wilson Patriarca; Roque-Barreira, Maria Cristina

2016-01-01

ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, ArtinM stimulates the production

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

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Thiago Aparecido da Silva

Full Text Available ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs, as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, Artin

Differential expression of IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A regulates invasion/angiogenesis in breast cancer.

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Bharti, Rashmi; Dey, Goutam; Das, Anjan Kumar; Mandal, Mahitosh

2018-04-26

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are mitochondrial enzymes functioning in oxidative metabolism of monoamines. The action of MAO-A has been typically described in neuro-pharmacological domains. Here, we have established a co-relation between IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A and their regulation in hypoxia induced invasion/angiogenesis. We employed various in-vitro and in-vivo techniques and clinical samples. We studied a co-relation among MAO-A and IL-6/IL-6R and tumour angiogenesis/invasion in hypoxic environment in breast cancer model. Activation of IL-6/IL-6R and its downstream was found in hypoxic cancer cells. This elevation of IL-6/IL-6R caused sustained inhibition of MAO-A in hypoxic environment. Inhibition of IL-6R signalling or IL-6R siRNA increased MAO-A activity and inhibited tumour angiogenesis and invasion significantly in different models. Further, elevation of MAO-A with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) modulated IL-6 mediated angiogenesis and invasive signatures including VEGF, MMPs and EMT in hypoxic breast cancer. High grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) clinical specimen displayed elevated level of IL-6R and depleted MAO-A expression. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was unregulated and loss of E-Cadherin was observed in high grade IDC tissue specimen. Suppression of MAO-A by IL-6/IL-6R activation promotes tumour angiogenesis and invasion in hypoxic breast cancer environment.

The distribution of IL-13 receptor alpha1 expression on B cells, T cells and monocytes and its regulation by IL-13 and IL-4.

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Graber, P; Gretener, D; Herren, S; Aubry, J P; Elson, G; Poudrier, J; Lecoanet-Henchoz, S; Alouani, S; Losberger, C; Bonnefoy, J Y; Kosco-Vilbois, M H; Gauchat, J F

1998-12-01

To study the expression of IL-13 receptor alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1), specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were generated. Surface expression of the IL-13Ralpha1 on B cells, monocytes and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry using these specific mAb. Among tonsillar B cells, the expression was the highest on the IgD+ CD38- B cell subpopulation which is believed to represent naive B cells. Expression was also detectable on a large fraction of the IgD-CD38- B cells but not on CD38+ B cells. Activation under conditions which promote B cell Ig class switching up-regulated the expression of the receptor. However, the same stimuli had an opposite effect for IL-13Ralpha1 expression levels on monocytes. While IL-13Ralpha1 mRNA was clearly detectable in T cell preparations, no surface expression was detected. However, permeabilization of the T cells showed a clear intracellular expression of the receptor. A soluble form of the receptor was immunoprecipitated from the supernatant of activated peripheral T cells, suggesting that T cell IL-13Ralpha1 might have functions unrelated to the capacity to form a type II IL-4/IL-13R with IL-4Ralpha.

The early IL-6 and IL-10 response in trauma is correlated with injury severity and mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stensballe, J; Christiansen, M; Tønnesen, E

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: Trauma has previously been shown to influence interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels, but the association of injury severity and mortality with IL-6 and IL-10 responses in the early phase of accidental trauma remains to be investigated. We wished to describe serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10...... in the first 24 h after trauma and to assess the relationship with severity of injury and mortality. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive cohort study in a Level 1 trauma centre, Copenhagen, Denmark. We included 265 consecutive adult trauma patients admitted directly from the accident scene during an 18-month...... period. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured upon arrival and at 6, 12, and 24 h after admittance using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Analysis of variance was used...

La ruina de las capitales. A propósito de la incidencia del arte, los objetos ornamentales y el mobiliario urbano, en el espacio público, en el paisaje y en la configuración del territorio

OpenAIRE

Delgado Pérez, Germán J.

2008-01-01

De ruina de las capitales o de capitales de las ruinas, se podría calificar a muchas ciudades españolas. Arruinados, también, podrían considerarse los paisajes y los territorios de los términos municipales respectivos de esas ciudades, tras sufrir embates e intervenciones como los denominados «arte en la calle» o «arte en el espacio público». Gran parte del territorio nacional, se encuentra afectado por multitud de objetos-artefactos-mecanismos-esculturas-trastos-..., casi siempre innecesario...

Association analysis of IL10, TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 SNPs with Behçet's disease risk in Western Algeria

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Ouahiba eKhaib Dit Naib

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: We have conducted the first study of the association of interleukin (IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 regionSNPswith Behçet's disease (BD in Western Algeria. Methods: A total of 51 BD patients and 96 unrelated controls from West region of Algeria were genotyped by direct sequencing for 11 SNPs including 2 SNPsfrom the IL10 promoter [c.-819T>C (rs1800871, c.-592A>C (rs1800872], 6 SNPs from the TNF-α promoter [c.-1211T>C (rs1799964, c.-1043C>A (rs1800630, c.-1037C>T (rs1799724, c.-556G>A (rs1800750, c.-488G>A (rs1800629 and c.-418G>A (rs361525], and 3 SNPs from the IL23R-IL12RB2 region [g.67747415A>C (rs12119179, g.67740092G>A (rs11209032 and g.67760140T>C (rs924080]. Results: The minor alleles c.-819T and c.-592A were significantly associated with BD (OR= 2.18; 95% CI 1.28-3.73, p = 0.003; whereas, there was weaker association between TNF-αpromoter SNPs or IL23R-IL12RB2 region and disease risk.Conclusion: Unlike the TNF-αand the IL23R-IL12RB2 region SNPs, the two IL10 SNPs were strongly associated with BD. The -819T, and -592A alleles and the -819TT, -819CT, and -592AA and -592CA genotypes seem to be highly involved in the risk of developing of BD in the population of Western Algeria.

CONSIDERANDOS PARA LAS SOLICITUDES DE TERRITORIOS LIBRES DE ORGANISMOS GENÉTICAMENTE ALTERADOS (TRANSGÉNICOS), CON ÉNFASIS EN COSTA RICA

OpenAIRE

García González, Jaime E.

2008-01-01

Resumen Se exponen los considerandos de diverso tipo que justifican la declaratoria de territorios libres de organismos genéticamente alterados (transgénicos), haciendo un énfasis en la situación de Costa Rica. Los razonamientos descritos están ampliamente respaldados en los hechos concretos analizados en el contenido de las referencias bibliográficas del caso.   Abstract Diverse considerations are presented that justify the declaration of territories as transgenic-free zones, with emphasis o...

Identificación de territorios críticos en salud materna mediante indicadores

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Marcos Paz Ballivián

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. El Ministerio de Salud y Previsión Social de Bolivia convocó a principios de 2000 a varios expertos para que, a partir de la información disponible, elaboraran un método que permitiera identificar territorios críticos en un tema de por sí prioritario --la salud materna y neonatal-- y crear un mapa de la situación y de la capacidad instalada en las 112 provincias nacionales. En este estudio se describe el método utilizado. Métodos. Se crearon índices de la situación de salud y de la capacidad instalada. Los pasos seguidos en este proceso fueron los siguientes: 1 identificación de las variables incluidas en cada índice; 2 ponderación de las variables de cada índice; creación de una fórmula para cada índice; 4 elaboración de una planilla con los datos de cada provincia correspondientes a las variables elegidas y al valor porcentual provincial de cada índice, obtenido mediante la aplicación de la respectiva fórmula; 5 identificación de tres categorías continuas para cada índice, y 6 definición de la taxonomía. Resultados. De este modo, se obtuvo un mapa nacional de la situación de salud materna y de la capacidad instalada en cada una de las 112 provincias bolivianas, lo cual permitió seleccionar un número mínimo de provincias para realizar intervenciones conjuntas entre el Ministerio de Salud y Previsión Social y otras instituciones. Las 9 provincias seleccionadas tienen un total de 26 municipios que implican a 17 distritos sanitarios y concentran el 29% de la población del país, el 33% de las muertes maternas y el 35% de las defunciones neonatales tempranas estimadas. Conclusiones. Basándose en información disponible, el método utilizado proporcionó un mapa de la situación global, en este caso de la salud materna, de las 112 provincias de los 9 departamentos bolivianos que permite identificar territorios críticos para las intervenciones en materia de salud.

In vitro progesterone modulation on bacterial endotoxin-induced production of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1α, and MMP-9 in pre-labor human term placenta.

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Garcia-Ruíz, G; Flores-Espinosa, P; Preciado-Martínez, E; Bermejo-Martínez, L; Espejel-Nuñez, A; Estrada-Gutierrez, G; Maida-Claros, R; Flores-Pliego, A; Zaga-Clavellina, Veronica

2015-10-07

During human pregnancy, infection/inflammation represents an important factor that increases the risk of developing preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-treatment with progesterone has an immunomodulatory effect on human placenta production of endotoxin-induced inflammation and degradation of extracellular matrix markers. Placentas were obtained under sterile conditions from pregnancies delivered at term before the onset of labor by cesarean section. Explants from central cotyledons of 10 human placentas were pre-treated with different concentrations of progesterone (0.01, 01, 1.0 μM) and then stimulated with 1000 ng/mL of LPS of Escherichia coli. Cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10 concentrations in the culture medium were then measured by specific ELISA. Secretion profile of MMP-9 was evaluated by ELISA and zymogram. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the appropriate ad hoc test; P progesterone significantly blunted (73, 56, 56, 75, 25, 48 %) the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10, respectively. The MMP-9 induced by LPS treatment was inhibited only with the highest concentration of progesterone. Mifepristone (RU486) blocked the immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. The present results support the concept that progesterone could be part of the compensatory mechanism that limits the inflammation-induced cytotoxic effects associated with an infection process during gestation.

IL-13 and the IL-13 receptor as therapeutic targets for asthma and allergic disease.

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Mitchell, Jesse; Dimov, Vesselin; Townley, Robert G

2010-05-01

It is widely accepted that T-helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokines play an important role in the maintenance of asthma and allergy. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In particular, IL-13 is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis and eosinophil infiltration, and has been associated with the regulation of certain chemokine receptors, notably CCR5. Thus, targeting IL-13 and its associated receptors may be a therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma and/or allergy. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are researching various strategies, based on this approach, aimed at binding IL-13, increasing the level of the IL-13 decoy receptor, IL-13Ralpha2, or blocking the effect of the chemokine receptor CCR5. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-13 agents and their role in the treatment of asthma and allergy.

IL26 gene inactivation in Equidae.

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Shakhsi-Niaei, M; Drögemüller, M; Jagannathan, V; Gerber, V; Leeb, T

2013-12-01

Interleukin-26 (IL26) is a member of the IL10 cytokine family. The IL26 gene is located between two other well-known cytokines genes of this family encoding interferon-gamma (IFNG) and IL22 in an evolutionary conserved gene cluster. In contrast to humans and most other mammals, mice lack a functional Il26 gene. We analyzed the genome sequences of other vertebrates for the presence or absence of functional IL26 orthologs and found that the IL26 gene has also become inactivated in several equid species. We detected a one-base pair frameshift deletion in exon 2 of the IL26 gene in the domestic horse (Equus caballus), Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii) and donkey (Equus asinus). The remnant IL26 gene in the horse is still transcribed and gives rise to at least five alternative transcripts. None of these transcripts share a conserved open reading frame with the human IL26 gene. A comparative analysis across diverse vertebrates revealed that the IL26 gene has also independently been inactivated in a few other mammals, including the African elephant and the European hedgehog. The IL26 gene thus appears to be highly variable, and the conserved open reading frame has been lost several times during mammalian evolution. © 2013 The Authors, Animal Genetics © 2013 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

Si la champa se hunde, yo no me ahogo. El pueblo Afrocolombiano: de la desterritorialización a los territorios Afrourbanos

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Santiago Ramírez Sarabia

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo ofrece una aproximación general sobre los derechos territoriales de la población afrocolombiana que se ha visto obligada a migrar de los contextos rurales hacia las ciudades y las grandes concentraciones urbanas. Dicho fenómeno se aborda partiendo de las diversas nociones del territorio y los principales factores explicativos de la desterritorialización de afrodescendientes en el país, reconociendo las diferentes oleadas migratorias y el impacto del desplazamiento forzado de afrocolombianos principalmente de la región Pacífica hacia las ciudades, lo que permite entender las dinámicas de apropiación de estas comunidades en los contextos urbanos. Para este propósito se hará una lectura desde enfoques sociojurídicos que evidencian las luchas por la inclusión y las reivindicaciones que dan origen a los territorios afrourbanos como figura que garantiza la permanencia territorial no delimitada en razón de la propiedad, sino como escenarios para la construcción dialéctica de las ciudades que promueve la pervivencia étnica, política, económica, social y cultural de las comunidades afrodescendientes que se apropian permanentemente de ellas.

Direct regulation of IL-2 by curcumin.

Science.gov (United States)

Oh, Jin-Gyo; Hwang, Da-Jeong; Heo, Tae-Hwe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a crucial growth factor for both regulatory and effector T cells. Thus, IL-2 plays a critical role in the stimulation and suppression of immune responses. Recently, anti-IL-2 antibodies (Abs) have been shown to possess strong IL-2 modulatory activities by affecting the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. In this study, we screened an herbal library to identify a compound that regulates IL-2, which resulted in the identification of curcumin as a direct binder and inhibitor of IL-2. Curcumin is a phytochemical with well-known anti-cancer properties. In this study, curcumin mimicked or altered the binding pattern of anti-IL-2 Abs against IL-2 and remarkably inhibited the interaction of recombinant IL-2 with the IL-2 receptor α, CD25. Interestingly, curcumin neutralized the biological activities of IL-2 both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we elucidated the unsolved mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of curcumin by identifying IL-2 as a direct molecular target. Curcumin, as a small molecule IL-2 modulator, has the potential to be used to treat IL-2 related pathologic conditions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Increased Circulating Th17 Cells, Serum IL-17A, and IL-23 in Takayasu Arteritis.

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Misra, Durga Prasanna; Chaurasia, Smriti; Misra, Ramnath

2016-01-01

Introduction. Th17, γδT, NK, and NKT cells in peripheral blood and serum IL-17 and IL-23 in Takayasu arteritis (TA) were measured and correlated with disease activity. Methods. Th17 (anti-CD3APC, CD4PECy7, and IL-17PE), NKT, NK (anti-CD3APC, CD56FITC), and γδT (anti-CD3FITC and γδTCRAPC) cells were enumerated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 30 patients with TA (ACR1990 criteria) and 20 healthy controls, serum IL-17 and IL-23 measured by ELISA. Relation with disease activity (NIH criteria, ITAS2010) was analyzed (using nonparametric tests, median with interquartile range). Results. Mean age of patients was 33.47 ± 11.78 years (25 females); mean symptom duration was 7.1 ± 5.3 years. 13 were not on immunosuppressants; 12 were active (ITAS2010 ≥ 4). The percentage of Th17 cells was significantly expanded in TA (patients 2.1 (1.5-3.2) versus controls 0.75 (0.32-1.2); p < 0.0001) with no differences in other cell populations. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 (pg/mL) in patients (6.2 (4.6-8.5) and 15 (14.9-26.5), resp.) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than controls (3.9 (3.9-7.3) and undetectable median value, resp.). Subgroup analysis revealed no correlation of Th17 cells, serum IL-17, and IL-23 with disease activity or medications, nor any significant difference before and after medication. Conclusions. There is significant expansion of Th17 cells and elevated serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in TA patients compared to healthy controls.

Macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in the induction of type 2 immunity.

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Zhonghan Yang

Full Text Available Type 2 immunity is essential for host protection against nematode infection but is detrimental in allergic inflammation or asthma. There is a major research focus on the effector molecules and specific cell types involved in the initiation of type 2 immunity. Recent work has implicated an important role of epithelial-derived cytokines, IL-25 and IL-33, acting on innate immune cells that are believed to be the initial sources of type 2 cytokines IL-4/IL-5/IL-13. The identities of the cell types that mediate the effects of IL-25/IL-33, however, remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in inducing type 2 immunity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Macrophages produced type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in response to the stimulation of IL-25/IL-33 in vitro, or were the IL-13-producing cells in mice administrated with exogenous IL-33 or infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri. In addition, IL-33 induced alternative activation of macrophages primarily through autocrine IL-13 activating the IL-4Rα-STAT6 pathway. Moreover, depletion of macrophages attenuated the IL-25/IL-33-induced type 2 immunity in mice, while adoptive transfer of IL-33-activated macrophages into mice with a chronic Heligmosomoides bakeri infection induced worm expulsion accompanied by a potent type 2 protective immune response. Thus, macrophages represent a unique population of the innate immune cells pivotal to type 2 immunity and a potential therapeutic target in controlling type 2 immunity-mediated inflammatory pathologies.

Association between genes encoding components of the IL-4/IL-4 receptor pathway and dermatitis in children.

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Hussein, Yousri M; Shalaby, Sally M; Nassar, Amani; Alzahrani, Saad S; Alharbi, Ayman S; Nouh, Maha

2014-07-25

To determine whether IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to dermatitis in Egyptian children. We genotyped three groups of children, consisting of 106 atopic dermatitis (AD) children, 95 non-AD children, and 100 of healthy controls, for IL-4 (-590 C/T), (-33 C/T), IL-4Rα (I50V), (Q576R) and STAT6 (2964 G/A), (2892 C/T) gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP assay. Total serum IgE and serum IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA. There was a non-significant association of IL-4 -590 C/T, -33 C/T polymorphisms in the children with non-AD or those with AD when compared with the controls. We identified a significant association between IL-4Rα I50V, Q576R polymorphisms and dermatitis susceptibility in AD (p=0.002, dermatitis was found. Patients who were carriers of IL4 -590C, IL-4Rα I50V G, STAT6 2964 A and STAT6 2892 T had an increased risk of AD [OR and 95% CI: 3.2 (2.5-4.2), p=0.005]. Furthermore, there was no relation between each polymorphism and serum IL-4 level (p>0.05 for each) while homozygosity for the risk alleles of IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 SNPs were significantly associated with increased total IgE levels in all subjects. In Egyptian children, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to AD. In addition, gene-gene interaction between the IL-4, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 significantly increases an individual's susceptibility to AD. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IFN-gamma Impairs Release of IL-8 by IL-1beta-stimulated A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells

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Pfeilschifter Josef

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Production of interferon (IFN-γ is key to efficient anti-tumor immunity. The present study was set out to investigate effects of IFNγ on the release of the potent pro-angiogenic mediator IL-8 by human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured and stimulated with interleukin (IL-1β alone or in combination with IFNγ. IL-8 production by these cells was analyzed with enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA. mRNA-expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and RNase protection assay (RPA, respectively. Expression of inhibitor-κ Bα, cellular IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results Here we demonstrate that IFNγ efficiently reduced IL-8 secretion under the influence of IL-1β. Surprisingly, real-time PCR analysis and RPA revealed that the inhibitory effect of IFNγ on IL-8 was not associated with significant changes in mRNA levels. These observations concurred with lack of a modulatory activity of IFNγ on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation as assessed by cellular IκB levels. Moreover, analysis of intracellular IL-8 suggests that IFNγ modulated IL-8 secretion by action on the posttranslational level. In contrast to IL-8, IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and release of IL-6 were not affected by IFNγ indicating that modulation of IL-1β action by this cytokine displays specificity. Conclusion Data presented herein agree with an angiostatic role of IFNγ as seen in rodent models of solid tumors and suggest that increasing T helper type 1 (Th1-like functions in lung cancer patients e.g. by local delivery of IFNγ may mediate therapeutic benefit via mechanisms that potentially include modulation of pro-angiogenic IL-8.

Evaluating ESWL-induced renal injury based on urinary TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels.

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Goktas, Cemal; Coskun, Abdurrahman; Bicik, Zerrin; Horuz, Rahim; Unsal, Ibrahim; Serteser, Mustafa; Albayrak, Selami; Sarıca, Kemal

2012-10-01

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has dramatically changed the treatment of urinary lithiasis and has been the first treatment option for the majority of patients for more than two decades. Despite its significant benefits, it induces acute renal injury that extends from the papilla to the outer cortex. We evaluated the severity of the inflammatory response to ESWL by measuring the urinary excretion of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6. The study included 21 selected patients and 14 control subjects. All patients underwent the same ESWL procedure (2,500 shockwaves at 100 shockwaves/min and 0.039 J from the lithotripter). Urine TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels were measured using standard ELISA kits. In the study population (patients and controls), we did not detect TNF-α in the urine samples. The levels of both IL-1α (2.5 pg/ml) and IL-6 (3.8 pg/ml) measured before ESWL were not significantly different from the control group (2.5 and 5.2 pg/ml, respectively; p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours after ESWL, in contrast to IL-1α (4 pg/ml), urine IL-6 (19.7 pg/ml) increased significantly (p ESWL, IL-1α increased to 5 pg/ml, while IL-6 (7 pg/ml) decreased to the control level. Urine cytokine levels may be used to evaluate the inflammatory response to ESWL. After ESWL, IL-6 levels increased in the early phase, while IL-1α levels increased later. These two markers may be used to measure the severity of inflammation. In contrast to IL-1α and IL-6, urine TNF-α excretion was not increased by ESWL. We believe that the inflammatory response to ESWL can be detected by the urinary excretion of IL-1α for up to 14 days.

Evaluation of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ Levels in PatientsWith Breast Cancer

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Mina Rohani Borj

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Tumor growth depends on intrinsic properties of malignant tumor and tumor microenvironment. Cytokines are secreted substances of the tumor microenvironment which are widely produced by tumor and immune cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4, interleukin 7 (IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ in the breast cancer microenvironment. Methods: One hundred sixteen women between 18-73 years of age (61.15 ± 24.39 were enrolled in this study. Based on pathologic diagnostic assessment, patients were divided into 2 categories: those affected with benign breast tumor, and the subjects suffering from malignant breast tumors. Biopsy specimens were collected. Following homogenization, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 concentrations were determined in tumor tissues, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples of these 2 groups of patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method. Results: Concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 were measured in tumor tissue samples, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples in both groups. Malignant breast tumor samples had significantly higher concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 compared with benign breast tumor samples. And also the concentration of IFN-γ in adjacent tissues of the tumor and in blood serums in patients with malignant breast tumors was significantly higher than that in the benign breast tumor samples. However, there was no significant difference between the concentration of IFN-γ in neoplastic breast tumor tissues and that in the benign breast tumor tissues (P > 0. 05. Conclusion: Our data indicated that IL-17 and IL-4 cytokines but not IFN-γ had higher concentrations in the subjects with malignant tumor compared with those with benign tumor. The present findings indicated that the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 in tumor tissues may be associated with the severity of breast malignancy.

A preliminary study on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 4 (IL4, IL13, IL4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα & Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 genes with asthma in Indian adults

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Parisa Davoodi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives: Interleukin 4 (IL4 and IL13 genes are believed to be responsible for inflammation of the airways in asthmatics. These share a common receptor component called IL4Rα which is another potentially important candidate gene linked to asthma phenotypes. Another gene Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 might affect the incidence or progression of asthma through the expression of proinflammatory genes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in IL4, IL13, IL4Rα and TLR4 have been reported to be linked to asthma or related phenotypes in several ethnic populations using linkage studies and association studies. However, the results have not been consistent. We investigated five SNPs (C-589T and C-33T of IL4, G+2044A of IL13, A+1902G of IL4Rα, and A+896G of TLR4 in patients with adult onset asthma to evaluate their role in manifestation and severity of asthma. Methods: Adult (>18 yr of age patients with asthma (n=100 and healthy controls (n=50 were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using sequenom MassARRAY technology. Results: The mutant alleles of the C-589T and C-33T SNPs in the promoter region of IL4 were present in 4 per cent patients with asthma but absent from the control group suggesting that the variations in IL4 may contribute to asthma occurrence. The SNPs of other genes were seen in both controls and patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between the genetic distribution of C-589T and C-33T SNPs of IL4 with asthma in Indian adults.

IL-17 for therapy.

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Kurschus, Florian C; Moos, Sonja

2017-09-01

The cytokine IL-17 is now a target for an array of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies supposed to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. The forerunner Secukinumab, an IL-17A neutralizing antibody, is meanwhile approved as first-line treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, and as second-line treatment for psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ixekizumab and Brodalumab, both also targeting the IL-17 pathway, were also recently approved by the FDA for plaque psoriasis. Using mice overexpressing IL-17A in a tissue of choice, we showed that the ectopic expression of this cytokine in keratinocytes resulted in a spontaneous and very strong form of psoriasis-like dermatitis. Interestingly, this model showed some typical comorbidities found in humans with psoriasis. In this review, we will discuss why IL-17 is a good target especially in psoriasis and what we learned from mouse models about its functions in pathological situations. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Endogenous IL-1 in Cognitive Function and Anxiety: A Study in IL-1RI−/− Mice

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Murray, Carol L.; Obiang, Pauline; Bannerman, David; Cunningham, Colm

2013-01-01

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI). IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI−/− mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI−/− animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT) mice to IL-1RI−/− mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI−/− mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI−/− mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI−/− mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI−/− mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI−/− mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in

Preferential binding to Elk-1 by SLE-associated IL10 risk allele upregulates IL10 expression.

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Daisuke Sakurai

Full Text Available Immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 is elevated in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE correlating with disease activity. The established association of IL10 with SLE and other autoimmune diseases led us to fine map causal variant(s and to explore underlying mechanisms. We assessed 19 tag SNPs, covering the IL10 gene cluster including IL19, IL20 and IL24, for association with SLE in 15,533 case and control subjects from four ancestries. The previously reported IL10 variant, rs3024505 located at 1 kb downstream of IL10, exhibited the strongest association signal and was confirmed for association with SLE in European American (EA (P = 2.7×10⁻⁸, OR = 1.30, but not in non-EA ancestries. SNP imputation conducted in EA dataset identified three additional SLE-associated SNPs tagged by rs3024505 (rs3122605, rs3024493 and rs3024495 located at 9.2 kb upstream, intron 3 and 4 of IL10, respectively, and SLE-risk alleles of these SNPs were dose-dependently associated with elevated levels of IL10 mRNA in PBMCs and circulating IL-10 protein in SLE patients and controls. Using nuclear extracts of peripheral blood cells from SLE patients for electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified specific binding of transcription factor Elk-1 to oligodeoxynucleotides containing the risk (G allele of rs3122605, suggesting rs3122605 as the most likely causal variant regulating IL10 expression. Elk-1 is known to be activated by phosphorylation and nuclear localization to induce transcription. Of interest, phosphorylated Elk-1 (p-Elk-1 detected only in nuclear extracts of SLE PBMCs appeared to increase with disease activity. Co-expression levels of p-Elk-1 and IL-10 were elevated in SLE T, B cells and monocytes, associated with increased disease activity in SLE B cells, and were best downregulated by ERK inhibitor. Taken together, our data suggest that preferential binding of activated Elk-1 to the IL10 rs3122605-G allele

IL-4 enhances IL-10 production in Th1 cells: implications for Th1 and Th2 regulation.

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Mitchell, Ruth E; Hassan, Masriana; Burton, Bronwen R; Britton, Graham; Hill, Elaine V; Verhagen, Johan; Wraith, David C

2017-09-12

IL-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with a critical role in limiting inflammation in immune-mediated pathologies. The mechanisms leading to IL-10 expression by CD4 + T cells are being elucidated, with several cytokines implicated. We explored the effect of IL-4 on the natural phenomenon of IL-10 production by a chronically stimulated antigen-specific population of differentiated Th1 cells. In vitro, IL-4 blockade inhibited while addition of exogenous IL-4 to Th1 cultures enhanced IL-10 production. In the in vivo setting of peptide immunotherapy leading to a chronically stimulated Th1 phenotype, lack of IL-4Rα inhibited the induction of IL-10. Exploring the interplay of Th1 and Th2 cells through co-culture, Th2-derived IL-4 promoted IL-10 expression by Th1 cultures, reducing their pathogenicity in vivo. Co-culture led to upregulated c-Maf expression with no decrease in the proportion of T-bet + cells in these cultures. Addition of IL-4 also reduced the encephalitogenic capacity of Th1 cultures. These data demonstrate that IL-4 contributes to IL-10 production and that Th2 cells modulate Th1 cultures towards a self-regulatory phenotype, contributing to the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells. These findings are important in the context of Th1 driven diseases since they reveal how the Th1 phenotype and function can be modulated by IL-4.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

Construction of an expression system for bioactive IL-18 and generation of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing IL-18.

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Liu, Yuxiu; Sato, Hiroki; Hamana, Masahiro; Moonan, Navita Anisia; Yoneda, Misako; Xia, Xianzhu; Kai, Chieko

2014-09-01

Interleukin 18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the T-helper-cell type 1 immune response against intracellular parasites, bacteria and viral infections. It has been widely used as an adjuvant for vaccines and as an anticancer agent. However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. The expressed proIL-18 proteins were processed to their mature forms in the cells. The supernatants of cells transfected with these plasmids induced high interferon-γ production in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse splenocytes, respectively, indicating the secretion of bioactive IL-18. Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. As expected, both recombinant viruses produced mature IL-18 in the infected cells, which secreted bioactive IL-18. These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. These recombinant viruses can also potentially be used as immunoadjuvants and agents for anticancer therapies in vivo.

The role of IL-17 in psoriasis.

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Malakouti, Mona; Brown, Gabrielle Elena; Wang, Eva; Koo, John; Levin, Ethan C

2015-02-01

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition traditionally believed to involve the Th1 pathway. Recently, the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 pathway has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other autoimmune inflammatory conditions. From a clinician's perspective, we sought to review the basic science data relevant to IL-17's role in psoriasis pathogenesis. We performed a Pubmed and Web of Knowledge search for English articles starting from 1990 that discussed the Th17 pathway. Search terms such as "IL-17" and "psoriasis" were utilized. The IL-17 pathway is regulated by IL-23, a cytokine that is vital for the expansion and maintenance of the Th17 cell population. Th17 derived cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17A/F and IL-22) were elevated in both psoriasis-like murine models and human psoriatic lesional biopsies. Ixekizumab (anti-IL-17A) treatment of psoriasis was found to normalize levels of IL-17 downstream gene products. Both preclinical and clinical studies support the central role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Plasma cytokine profile in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: predominance of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10.

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Aline S Bossa

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The participation of immune/inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF has been suggested by the finding of early blood and myocardial eosinophilia. However, the inflammatory activation status of late-stage EMF patients is still unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma samples from late stage EMF patients. Cytokine levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α, Interferon (IFN-γ, Interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were assayed in plasma samples from 27 EMF patients and compared with those of healthy control subjects. All EMF patients displayed detectable plasma levels of at least one of the cytokines tested. We found that TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were each detected in at least 74% of tested sera, and plasma levels of IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those of controls. Plasma levels of such cytokines positively correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory/Th2circulating cytokine profile in EMF is consistent with the presence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. On the other hand, the detection of increased levels of TNF-α may be secondary to the cardiovascular involvement observed in these patients, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 may have been upregulated as a homeostatic mechanism to buffer both production and deleterious cardiovascular effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies might establish whether these findings play a role in disease pathogenesis.

IL17eScan: A Tool for the Identification of Peptides Inducing IL-17 Response

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Sudheer Gupta

2017-10-01

Full Text Available IL-17 cytokines are pro-inflammatory cytokines and are crucial in host defense against various microbes. Induction of these cytokines by microbial antigens has been investigated in the case of ischemic brain injury, gingivitis, candidiasis, autoimmune myocarditis, etc. In this study, we have investigated the ability of amino acid sequence of antigens to induce IL-17 response using machine-learning approaches. A total of 338 IL-17-inducing and 984 IL-17 non-inducing peptides were retrieved from Immune Epitope Database. 80% of the data were randomly selected as training dataset and rest 20% as validation dataset. To predict the IL-17-inducing ability of peptides/protein antigens, different sequence-based machine-learning models were developed. The performance of support vector machine (SVM and random forest (RF was compared with different parameters to predict IL-17-inducing epitopes (IIEs. The dipeptide composition-based SVM-model displayed an accuracy of 82.4% with Matthews correlation coefficient = 0.62 at polynomial (t = 1 kernel on 10-fold cross-validation and outperformed RF. Amino acid residues Leu, Ser, Arg, Asn, and Phe and dipeptides LL, SL, LK, IL, LI, NL, LR, FK, SF, and LE are abundant in IIEs. The present tool helps in the identification of IIEs using machine-learning approaches. The induction of IL-17 plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases, and identification of such epitopes would be of great help to the immunologists. It is freely available at http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/ and http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/.

IL-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout mice show anxiety-like behavior by aging.

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Wakabayashi, Chisato; Numakawa, Tadahiro; Odaka, Haruki; Ooshima, Yoshiko; Kiyama, Yuji; Manabe, Toshiya; Kunugi, Hiroshi; Iwakura, Yoichiro

2015-07-10

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a critical role in stress responses, and its mRNA is induced in the brain by restraint stress. Previously, we reported that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout (KO) mice, which lacked IL-1Ra molecules that antagonize the IL-1 receptor, showed anti-depression-like behavior via adrenergic modulation at the age of 8 weeks. Here, we report that IL-1Ra KO mice display an anxiety-like phenotype that is induced spontaneously by aging in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. This anxiety-like phenotype was improved by the administration of diazepam. The expression of the anxiety-related molecule glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was significantly reduced in 20-week-old but not in 11-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. The expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was not altered between IL-1Ra KO mice and WT littermates at either 11 or 20 weeks old. Analysis of monoamine concentration in the hippocampus revealed that tryptophan, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly increased in 20-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to littermate WT mice. These findings strongly suggest that the anxiety-like behavior observed in older mice was caused by the complicated alteration of monoamine metabolism and/or GR expression in the hippocampus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

Viva il GIS Day!

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Redazione Redazione

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Il GIS Day è sponsorizzato oltre che da ESRI, dalla National Geographic Society, dalla Association of American Geographers, dalla UCGIS (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science, dalla United States Geological Survey e dalla Library of Congress. Il tutto nasce nel corso della Geography Awareness Week, terza settimana di novembre che nel 1987 il Presidente degli Stati Uniti Ronald Reagan stabilì dovesse essere dedicata alla diffusione della cultura geografica.

Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis.

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Toker, Hülya; Görgün, Emine Pirim; Korkmaz, Ertan Mahir

2017-06-01

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), demonstrated to be suppressed by interleukin-10 (IL-10) are known to be regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB). The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between genetic polymorphism of these genes (IL-6(-174), IL-10(-597) and NF-κB1-94ins/del)) and chronic/aggressive periodontitis. Forty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 58 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AP) and 38 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples. The NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Among subjects for the ins/ins genotypes of NF-κB1 gene, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis group than in healthy controls (p=0.023). A statistically significant difference in genotyping frequencies between AP group and healthy controls was observed for the IL-6 gene. The AA genotype of IL-10 was overrepresented in CP and AP groups compared to healthy controls (OR=9.93, 95% CI: 2.11-46.7, OR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.22-26.89, respectively). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the IL-10 (-597) AA genotype is associated with susceptibility to chronic/aggressive periodontitis and IL-6 (-174) GG genotypes and G allele seems to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Clinical relevance: The results of the current study indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 genotypes seem to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Also, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis subjects with carrying NF-κB1 ins/ins genotypes. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

IL-12 and IL-23 modulate plasticity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human Leprosy.

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Tarique, Mohd; Saini, Chaman; Naqvi, Raza Ali; Khanna, Neena; Sharma, Alpana; Rao, D N

2017-03-01

Leprosy is a bacterial disease caused by M. leprae. Its clinical spectrum reflects the host's immune response to the M. leprae and provide an ideal model to investigate the host pathogen interaction and immunological dysregulation. Tregs are high in leprosy patients and responsible for immune suppression of the host by producing IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. In leprosy, plasticity of Tregs remain unstudied. This is the first study describing the conversion of Tregs into Th1-like and Th17-like cells using in vitro cytokine therapy in leprosy patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients were isolated and stimulated with M. leprae antigen (MLCwA), rIL-12 and rIL-23 for 48h. Expression of FoxP3 in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs, intracellular cytokines IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-17 in Tregs cells were evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS) after stimulation. rIL-12 treatment increases the levels of pStat4 in Tregs and IFN-γ production. In the presence of rIL-23, pStat3 + and IL-17A + cells increase. rIL-12 and r-IL-23 treatment downregulated the FoxP3 expression, IL-10 and TGF-β production by Tregs and enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). In conclusion rIL-12 converts Tregs into IFN-γ producing cells through STAT-4 signaling while rIL-23 converts Tregs into IL-17 producing cells through STAT-3 signaling in leprosy patients. This study may helpful to provide a new avenue to overcome the immunosuprression in leprosy patients using in vitro cytokine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Las temperaturas del territorio que se extiende desde el Cantábrico Oriental al Valle del Ebro durante el periodo internacional 1961-90

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Javier M. Pejenaute Goñi

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El presente articulo tiene por objeto el estudio de las temperaturas en el territorio comprendido entre el Cantábrico oriental y el Valle del Ebro, durante el periodo internacional 1961-90. Este territorio está ocupado por las comunidades del País Vasco, Navarra, La Rioja y Aragón. Se estudian las temperaturas medias, las máximas, las mínimas, el coeficiente de variación y las heladas. También se incluye en el análisis anual, el estudio de la amplitud térmica, los quintiles y la tendencia futura.The present article aims at studying the temperatures in an área that goes from the cantábrico oriental and Valle del Ebro, for the international period of time going from 1961- 90. Four autonomous cornmunities. País Vasco, Navarra, La Rioja and Aragón, are included in this territory. The object of study will be the average, máximum and mínimum temperatures, as well as the coefficient of variation and freezes. It will also be included in the annual analysis. the study of thermal amplitude, quintiles, and future trend.

IL-27 Activates Human Trophoblasts to Express IP-10 and IL-6: Implications in the Immunopathophysiology of Preeclampsia

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Nanlin Yin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. To investigate the effects of IL-27 on human trophoblasts and the underlying regulatory signaling mechanisms in preeclampsia. Methods. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1 was studied in the placenta or sera from patients with preeclampsia. In vitro, we investigated the effects of IL-27 alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α on the proinflammatory activation of human trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules. Results. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor α (WSX-1 was significantly elevated in the trophoblastic cells from the placenta of patients with preeclampsia compared with control specimens. In vitro, IL-27 could induce the expression of inflammatory factors IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10 and IL-6 in trophoblasts, and a synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL-27 and TNF-α on the release of IP-10 and IL-6. Furthermore, the production of IP-10 and IL-6 stimulated by IL-27 was differentially regulated by intracellular activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase-AKT, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions. These results provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological effects mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction molecules in preeclampsia.

Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in bronchiolar epithelium after thoracic irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Kunyu; Hu Yu; Ruebe Claudia; Ruebe Christian

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate temporal and spatial releases of proinflam matory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in the lung tissue after thoracic irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Mice were irradiated with 12 Gy to whole lungs, and control mice were sham-irradiated. Mice were sacrificed at hours 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 after thoracic irradiation or sham-irradiation. Expressions of TNF-a and IL-1α, IL-6 proteins were detected with immuno-histochemistry. Results: At hour 6 after thoracic irradiation, the expression of TNF-α protein increased significantly, and at hour 12 after thoracic irradiation, the expressions of IL-1α and IL-6 proteins increased significantly, too. The bronchiolar epithelium was the most prominent source of these inflammatory cytokines in the first hours. During the stage of acute pneumonitis, the bronchiolar epithelium, as well as inflammatory cells in the lung interstitium, produced high amounts of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that immediate expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 occurred in the bronchiolar epithelium after lung irradiation, and a long-lasting release by the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, and inflammatory cells during acute pneumonitis. Therefore, the bronchiolar epithelium is a significant source of proinflammatory cytokines capable of promoting inflammation through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells after lung irradiation. (authors)

Aproximaciones a los conflictos sociales y propuestas sostenibles de urbanismo y ordenación del territorio en México

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Sánchez González, Diego

2012-01-01

El objetivo del estudio es describir los efectos de la falta de orden en el proceso de crecimiento urbano en México y revisar los diversos fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de la planificación urbana y regional. La metodología se basa en una extensa revisión de la literatura, que nos ha permitido abordar el debate actual sobre las tendencias en políticas urbanas y regionales. Se constata que los problemas derivados de la falta de planificación en las ciudades y los territorios tie...

Evolución histórica del territorio de Santo Adriano y génesis del poblamiento medieval

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Francisco Javier FERNÁNDEZ CONDE; María Antonia PEDREGAL MONTES

2009-01-01

RESUMEN: Descripción geográfica del territorio de Santo Adriano, cuyos límites coinciden con los del municipio del mismo nombre, en las Asturias centrales: un valle fluvial con zonas de media montaña, perteneciente a la Zona Cantábrica, en el que abunda la "caliza de montaña". Los primeros indicios de poblamiento llegan hasta el paleolítico medio y superior con habitat en varias cuevas, de cuya época se conservan grabados en roca. Está configurado por un sistema de pequeños castros, con sus r...

Distinct licensing of IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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Rebecca L Schmidt

Full Text Available Inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (IL-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis. Whether these responses are independently licensed or are "hard-wired" consequences of caspase-1 (casp1 activity has not been clear. Here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by a "non-canonical" stimulus, the secreted Listeria monocytogenes (Lm p60 protein. Primed murine dendritic cells (DCs responded to p60 stimulation with reactive oxygen species (ROS production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 but not pyroptosis. Inhibitors of ROS production inhibited secretion of IL-1β, but did not impair IL-18 secretion. Furthermore, DCs from caspase-11 (casp11-deficient 129S6 mice failed to secrete IL-1β in response to p60 but were fully responsive for IL-18 secretion. These findings reveal that there are distinct licensing requirements for processing of IL-18 versus IL-1β by NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Técnicas quirúrgicas en la patología oclusiva aorto-ilíaca

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Raúl Lara-Hernández

2016-05-01

Full Text Available El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad arterial arteriosclerótica ha supuesto un importante desafío para cualquier cirujano vascular. Mientras que la resolución de la enfermedad oclusiva arterial del territorio infrainguinal puede ser resuelta por cirujanos con conocimientos generales, la afectación de los territorios infragenicular, visceral, y toraco-abdominal supone la necesidad de un entrenamiento específico en distintos abordajes y técnicas quirúrgicas, incluidas las intravasculares. La técnica intravascular ha supuesto la mayor evolución de la cirugía vascular en los últimos años. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de las complicaciones derivadas de estas técnicas y la existencia lesiones no tributarias de tratamiento intravascular, hace que la cirugía abierta «clásica» no haya quedado en un segundo plano.

Il bizzarro mondo dei quanti

CERN Document Server

Camejo, Silvia Arroyo

2008-01-01

Scritto prima dell'esame di maturità da una giovane di eccezionale talento, questo libro colma il vuoto esistente tra la letteratura divulgativa sulla fisica quantistica, che normalmente evita ogni formula matematica, e la letteratura specialistica, ben farcita, invece, di matematica avanzata. L'autrice, appena diciannovenne, con l'ausilio della sola matematica della scuola superiore, introduce il lettore ai principi della fisica dei quanti. Se ne ricava uno sguardo profondo sul microcosmo, il regno affascinante delle particelle elementari: oggetti il cui comportamento si distingue in modo drastico e fondamentale da tutto ciò a cui è avvezzo il nostro umano buonsenso. "Un libro... che avrei desiderato avere a 17 anni". Silvia Arroyo Camejo "In modo assolutamente preciso dal punto di vista fisico, l'autrice spiega con grande passione e divertimento i fondamenti della moderna fisica quantistica ... " Prof. Reinhold A. Bertlmann "Un libro stupefacente di un'autrice straordinaria! Si avverte il suo entusiasmo ...

ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y ANÁLISIS GEOGRÁFICO REGIONAL. PROPUESTA DE UN MÉTODO DE TRABAJO APLICADO: EL PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DEL EJE ECONÓMICO DEL VINALOPÓ (ALICANTE

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Antonio M. Rico Amorós

1997-01-01

Full Text Available La participación del geógrafo en investigaciones de orientación aplicada, aunque no es muy frecuente en nuestro país, resulta básica para aportar nuevos métodos y enfoques que enriquezcan los trabajos de Ordenación del Territorio y Planificación Regional. El Plan Estratégico del Vinalopó, realizado por un equipo multidisciplinar (geógrafos, eco- nomistas, arquitectos de la Universidad de Alicante, ha permitido poner en práctica un método de análisis geográfico regional destinado a optimizar los recursos naturales, productivos, demográficos y culturales de este espacio subregional valenciano, a partir de una serie de líneas de actuación estratégicas que han tenido en cuenta las singularidades del territorio.

Polymorphic variations in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes, their circulating serum levels and breast cancer risk in Indian women.

Science.gov (United States)

Pooja, Singh; Chaudhary, Preeti; Nayak, Lakshma V; Rajender, Singh; Saini, Karan Singh; Deol, Debashish; Kumar, Sandeep; Bid, Hemant Kumar; Konwar, Rituraj

2012-10-01

Cytokines are known as important regulators of the entire gamut of cancer from initiation, invasion and metastasis. This fact and plethora of gene polymorphism data prompted us to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms in breast cancer (BC) patients. Selected polymorphisms in the IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944) and +3954 C>T (rs1143634)]; IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)]; IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896), -819 T>C (rs1800871) and -592 A>C (rs1800872)] genes were genotyped in 200 BC patients and 200 healthy volunteers in a case-control study using PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing techniques. Peripheral cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Allele and genotype data were analyzed for significance of differences between cases and controls using Chi-Square [χ(2)] test. Two sided P-values of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Peripheral level of all three cytokines did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. Allele and genotype frequency of IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944)] did not show any difference between cases and controls. On the other hand mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] associated with increased risk of BC. This was also true for pre-menopausal cases and for mutant genotype in post-menopausal cases. Mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] appeared to be protective in nature such that controls had a higher frequency of both mutant alleles and genotypes. None of the three SNPs in IL-10 gene associated with risk of BC, except significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of -1082 A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism with postmenopausal BC. Mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] site associated with increased BC risk, while mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] polymorphism appeared to be protective. Also, there was significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896)] with postmenopausal BC. None of

Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F and asthma in Saudi Arabia: mRNA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Win-07

IL17A and IL17F were significantly higher in asthma patients compared to controls [IL17A: 1.112 (2.088) vs 0.938 ... Asthma is a frequently encountered chronic airway in- ... transcription was performed, in 20 μl reaction volume using the.

Think about and intervene in the territory through the Actor Network Theory Pensar e intervenir el territorio a traves de la Teoria del Actor-Red

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Juan E. Cabrera

2011-03-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to think about the similarities between the ways of seeing the territory as a network, some theoretical positions about the territory concept and actor network theory.
After focusing on proposing a way of understanding the relationships between actors when they will intervene in the territory through the public policies and territorial planning, i ll try to apply the ANT model of public policy management through the guidance of ANT El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las coincidencias entre la forma de ver el territorio como red, algunas posturas teóricas sobre su concepto y la teoría del actor-red.
Sobre lo anterior se centra en proponer una forma de entender las relaciones entre actores cuando se va a intervenir el territorio a través de políticas públicas como la planificación utilizando un modelo de gestión territorial a través de las orientaciones de la TAR.   

Il fiore e la pietra

OpenAIRE

Hirsch, Debora

2012-01-01

Il fiore e la pietra è un progetto di scultura urbana per una piazza della città di Torino. Il tema trae la sua prima ispirazione dal fumetto B.C. di Johnny Hart: un fragile fiore dialoga con una pietra. Lʼambiguità tra solidità e fragilità è simbolicamente accostata alla situazione avversa in cui si trova lʼindustria torinese per eccellenza, FIAT, e al problema dei quartieri dormitori. Il contesto nel quale venne realizzato il progetto è tuttora sintomatico di una situazione ...

Type I IL-1 Receptor (IL-1RI as Potential New Therapeutic Target for Bronchial Asthma

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Jyh-Hong Lee

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The IL-1R/TLR family has been receiving considerable attention as potential regulators of inflammation through their ability to act as either activators or suppressors of inflammation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic inflammation, elevated serum total, allergen-specific IgE levels, and increased Th2 cytokine production. The discovery that the IL-1RI–IL-1 and ST2–IL-33 pathways are crucial for allergic inflammation has raised interest in these receptors as potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies for bronchial asthma. This paper discusses the current use of neutralizing mAb or soluble receptor constructs to deplete cytokines, the use of neutralizing mAb or recombinant receptor antagonists to block cytokine receptors, and gene therapy from experimental studies in asthma. Targeting IL-1RI–IL-1 as well as ST2–IL-33 pathways may promise a disease-modifying approach in the future.

Serum IL-10, IL-17 and IL-23 levels as "bioumoral bridges" between dyslipidemia and atopy.

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Manti, S; Leonardi, S; Panasiti, I; Arrigo, T; Salpietro, C; Cuppari, C

2017-11-01

Although several studies suggest a possible link between dyslipidemia and atopy, literature findings are still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and atopy in a pediatric population affected by dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia/atopic predisposition. Children with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia and atopy as well as healthy children were recruited. Serum total IgE, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 levels as well as fasting lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides) were performed on all enrolled children. The present study evaluated 23 patients affected by dyslipidemia, 26 patients affected by atopy and dyslipidemia and, 22healthy children. Serum total IgE levels significantly related also with serum cholesterol levels: positively with total cholesterol (pdyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (pdyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (pdyslipidemia and atopic predisposition share the same immune pathways as well as they offer new insights in the complex crosstalk between hyperlipidemia and atopy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EFFECTS OF γс-CYTOKINES (IL-2, IL-7 AND IL-15 UPON IN VITRO MATURATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CD4+CD45RО+/CD8+CD45RО+ T CELLS

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K. A. Yurova

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of γс-cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 и IL-15 upon maturation and differentiation of cytotoxic and helper CD45RО+ Tcell population was studied in the homeostatic in vitro culture conditions. We have found that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 mediate maturation and differentiation of CD8 T cells central memory, replenishing the population of cells that exhibit effector functions. Action of IL-2 on CD4+ central memory T cells is accociated with generation of effector memory cells by reducing the number of immature effectors (CD62L–CD27+, whereas IL-7 promotes the formation of immature (CD62L–CD27+ effectors. IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 initiate formation of terminally-differentiated cells in a subpopulation of CD8+CD45RO+ lymphocytes, providing a stable immunological memory to a pathogen reinfestation. 

EFFECTS OF γс-CYTOKINES (IL-2, IL-7 AND IL-15 UPON IN VITRO MATURATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CD4+CD45RО+/CD8+CD45RО+ T CELLS

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K. A. Yurova

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of γс-cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 и IL-15 upon maturation and differentiation of cytotoxic and helper CD45RО+ Tcell population was studied in the homeostatic in vitro culture conditions. We have found that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 mediate maturation and differentiation of CD8 T cells central memory, replenishing the population of cells that exhibit effector functions. Action of IL-2 on CD4+ central memory T cells is accociated with generation of effector memory cells by reducing the number of immature effectors (CD62L–CD27+, whereas IL-7 promotes the formation of immature (CD62L–CD27+ effectors. IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 initiate formation of terminally-differentiated cells in a subpopulation of CD8+CD45RO+ lymphocytes, providing a stable immunological memory to a pathogen reinfestation.

[Plasma IL-18 levels are related to insulin and are modulated by IL-18 gene polymorphisms].

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez-Hervas, Sergio; Martínez-Barquero, Vanesa; Nuñez Savall, Ester; Lendínez, Verónica; Olivares, Laura; Benito, Esther; Real, Jose T; Chaves, F Javier; Ascaso, Juan F

2015-01-01

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic disease influenced by multiple factors. Different prospective studies have shown that plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers were related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. To evaluate whether plasmatic levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) are modulated by SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the IL 18 gene and its possible association with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. 746 individuals were studied for a period of two years by opportunistic selection in the metropolitan area of Valencia. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were analyzed by standard methodology. IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Individuals with insulin resistance showed significant higher levels of IL-18. IL 18 was significantly correlated with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. The CC genotype of the rs1834481 SNP was significantly associated with lower levels of IL-18. However, the GG genotype of the rs7559479 was associated with significant higher levels of IL-18. IL-18 is associated with insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors, being those levels genetically regulated. Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

IL-1Ra (recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: the efficacy

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L. Cozzi

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra is a naturally occurring IL-1 inhibitor, acting as a “receptor antagonist”, which blocks IL-1 mediated signal transduction. In 1990 IL-1Ra was cloned and later on, a large numbers of studies led to disclosure of the crucial importance of the imbalance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA. In 1991, almost 8 years after the initial isolation of IL-1, recombinant IL-1Ra (IL-1ra, Kineret was introduced in clinical trials involving patients with RA. Between 2001 and 2002 IL-1ra was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and by the European Agency for the Evaluation of the Medicinal Products and in 2003 it was registered in Italy, too. In RA recombinant IL-1ra has been evaluated in 5 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving more than 2900 patients. Two of the trials involved the use of IL-1ra as monotherapy versus placebo and two trials in combination with methotrexate (MTX; the last trial explored the use of a fixed 100 mg/day IL-1ra dosage in a RA patient population including a wide array of co-morbid conditions as well as concomitant medications. The studies confirmed both the efficacy and the safety of IL-1ra in patients with active and severe RA. 43% of patients receiving 150 mg/day IL-1ra achieved a 20% response according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20, compared to 27% in the placebo group. In the MTX combination therapy study, 42% of the patients receiving 1 mg/Kg/day of IL-1ra achieved an ACR20, 24% an ACR50 and 10% an ACR70. In each study, significant improvements in the Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (HAQ were observed. There were rapid gains in the number of days at work or domestic activity in the treated patients, and the increases in productivity were dose related. At early 24 weeks, there was significant reduction of both the score for progression of joint space narrowing (JSN and the Total modified

Tra il mediterraneo e il fonte battesimale: Musulmani a Napoli nel XVI secolo

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Varriale, Gennaro

2013-01-01

Il saggio analizza la presenza di musulmani a Napoli durante il Cinquecento, quando la capitale vive una profonda trasformazione urbanistica, che è vincolata alla immigrazione di comunità esogene e al conflitto contro il Turco. Le ostilità tra la Casa d’Austria e la Sublime Porta condizionano inevitabilmente la vita dei maomettani, che appartengono a tre grandi categorie: schiavi, franchi o esuli. Secondo la propria condizione gli islamici occupano diversi spazi cittadini. I musulmani di Napo...

IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and nutritional status in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilasco, Maria Ines de Albuquerque; Uribe-Cruz, Carolina; Santetti, Daniele; Fries, Gabriel Rodrigo; Dornelles, Cristina Toscani Leal; Silveira, Themis Reverbel da

The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls. The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child-Pugh score and PELD/MELD. Serum cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array flow cytometry. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the cirrhosis group when compared with the control group (2.4 vs. 0.24 (patresia, IL-6 could be used as a possible supporting biomarker of deficient nutritional status and elevated IL-10 levels could be used as a possible early-stage supporting biomarker of deteriorating nutritional status. Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and Graves' disease risk: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Min-Li; Liao, Ning; Zhao, Hua; Huang, Jian; Xie, Zheng-Fu

2014-01-01

Data on the association between the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms and Graves' disease (GD) risk were conflicting. A meta-analysis was undertaken to assess this association. We searched for case-control studies investigating the association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk. We extracted data using standardized forms and calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 11 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Available data indicated that the IL1B (-511) polymorphism was associated with GD risk in the overall populations (Caucasians and Asians) in homozygote model (TT vs. CC, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.97, Pz  = 0.015), but not in dominant and recessive models (TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81-1.12, Pz  =  0.553 and TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.60-1.12, Pz  =  0.205, respectively). No association between the IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk was found in the overall populations in any of the genetic models. In subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, the IL1B (-511) polymorphism was associated with GD risk in Asians in recessive and homozygote models (TT vs. TC+CC: OR =  0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.84, Pz VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk was indicated in Asians, and we found no association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk in Caucasians in any of the genetic models. The IL1B (-511) polymorphism, but not the IL1B (+3954) and IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms was associated with GD risk in Asians. There was no association between these polymorphisms and GD risk in Caucasians.

Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in Vitiligo patients

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Suman Singh

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Although the etiology of vitiligo is unknown, over the last few years, substantial data from clinical research has greatly supported the ′Autoimmune theory′ and this is supported by the frequent association of vitiligo with disorders that have an autoimmune origin, including Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, Graves disease, type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and Addison′s disease. As cytokines are important mediators of immunity, there is evidence to suggest that they play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Aim: Keeping this in view we have assayed sera for cytokine IL-6, IL-2, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α, and IFNγ in 80 cases of vitiligo and compared it with healthy subjects, in order to find out whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo or not. Materials and Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ were done by the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA. Results: The mean serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels in the patient group were significantly higher when compared with those of the normal controls. The mean serum IFNγ level in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum level of TNF-α between vitiligo and healthy controls. Conclusion : An increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-2 in vitiligo patients may play an important role in melanocytic cytotoxicity. Thus, we speculate that the cytokine production of epidermal microenvironment may be involved in vitiligo.

LAS CIUDADES COMO TERRITORIO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL

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Maria Silvia Serra

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Habitar las ciudades es un proceso en el que se encuentran anudadas cuestiones materiales y simbólicas. Este lazo debe ser atendido y puesto en valor en términos históricos y culturales ya que forma parte de nuestro aprendizaje como sujetos urbanos. En este sentido, tal como afirma Andreas Huyssen (2002: 191 "...la ciudad funciona como un tipo de prisma" que permite "enfocar" una multiplicidad de temáticas que no están solo ligadas al urbanismo o a la arquitectura, sino también a experiencias culturales y construcciones simbólicas que articulan el hecho concreto de vivir en las ciudades. Es así que, siguiendo a este autor, podemos afirmar que la ciudad es un texto que puede ser leído como un verdadero espacio de signos. Una casa, un barrio, un edificio, los espacios públicos, las calles y veredas, los monumentos son reservorios de un tiempo y una memoria que requieren de una multiplicidad de lecturas para transformarse en escenarios de aprendizajes integradores. Cuestionar a la ciudad como territorio de la educación integral así como reconocer las cuestiones centrales que se ponen a prueba cuando esto se postula como una política pública son los objetivos principales del presente artículo, para lo cual proponemos un recorrido a partir de considerar conceptos nodales como los de educación integral y pedagogía urbana.

GM-CSF and IL-4 produced by NKT cells inversely regulate IL-1β production by macrophages.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahn, Sehee; Jeong, Dongjin; Oh, Sae Jin; Ahn, Jiye; Lee, Seung Hyo; Chung, Doo Hyun

2017-02-01

Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are distinct T cell subset that link innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-1β, produced by various immune cells, plays a key role in the regulation of innate immunity in vivo. However, it is unclear whether NKT cells regulate IL-1β production by macrophages. To address this, we co-cultured NKT cells and peritoneal macrophages in the presence of TCR stimulation and inflammasome activators. Among cytokines secreted from NKT cells, GM-CSF enhanced IL-1β production by macrophages via regulating LPS-mediated pro-IL-1β expression and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation, whereas IL-4 enhanced M2-differentiation of macrophages and decreased IL-1β production. Together, our findings suggest the NKT cells have double-sided effects on IL-1β-mediated innate immune responses by producing IL-4 and GM-CSF. These findings may be helpful for a comprehensive understanding of NKT cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1β in inflammatory diseases in vivo. Copyright © 2017 European Federation of Immunological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vaccination with IL-6 analogues induces autoantibodies to IL-6 and influences experimentally induced inflammation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Galle, Pia; Jensen, Lene; Andersson, Christina

2007-01-01

; yet they appear healthy and do not exhibit overt clinical or laboratory abnormalities. We induced comparable levels of aAb-IL-6 in different mouse strains by vaccination with immunogenic IL-6 analogues. We observed that the induced aAb-IL-6 protected against collagen-induced arthritis and experimental...

LA COMPRENSIÓN DEL TERRITORIO A PARTIR DEL MODELO DE FORMACIÓN SOCIO ESPACIAL DESDE LA PRÁCTICA DE LA HORTICULTURA EN EL PERIURBANO DE BAHÍA BLANCA, ARGENTINA

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María Amalia Lorda

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de la actividad hortícola en las ciudades argentinas se construye en un entramado que se remonta a la fundación misma de cada lugar, como una actividad propia de quienes buscan originar su propio sustento. Con el crecimiento de las ciudades, el territorio cambia, nuevos usos se observan, así como la llegada de otras personas -inmigrantes- que sin duda impregnan de especificidades a un nuevo territorio en construcción. En el periurbano de Bahía Blanca, la horticultura se nutre de distintas oleadas de inmigrantes, quienes plasman en el territorio saberes y prácticas singulares. El aporte de la geografía social francesa es de gran valor para la comprensión de las distintas lógicas socio-espaciales que suceden. El modelo de formación socio espacial que se aplica permite comprender el territorio, a partir de observaciones en el terreno y entrevistas a los actores que territorializan con sus prácticas un modo de pensar el territorio. Palabras clave: Periurbano; Territorio; Formación Socio-espacial; Actividad Hortícola.   THE COMPREHENSION OF THE TERRITORY FROM THE MODEL OF FORMATION SPATIAL PARTNER FROM THE PRACTICE OF THE HORTICULTURE THE PERIURBANO OF BAHÍA BLANCA, ARGENTINA ABSTRACT The development of horticulture in the Argentine cities is built on a framework that goes back to the very foundation of every place, as an activity of those who seek to lead their own livelihood. With the growth of cities, the territory changes, new uses are observed, and the arrival of others -inmigrantes- undoubtedly imbued with specificities into new territory under construction. In the periurban horticulture Bahia Blanca, is nourished by different waves of immigrants, who reflected on the territory unique knowledge and practices. The contribution of the French social geography is of great value for the understanding of different socio-spatial logics that happen. The model of socio spatial information that applies to understanding the

Anti-IL-39 (IL-23p19/Ebi3) polyclonal antibodies ameliorate autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Zhiding; Liu, Xiaoling; Zhu, Gaizhi; Han, Gencheng; Chen, Guojiang; Hou, Chunmei; Wang, Tianxiao; Shen, Beifen; Li, Yan; Xiao, He; Ma, Ning; Wang, Renxi

2018-01-01

The interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines have been examined as therapeutic targets in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Our previous study showed that a novel IL-12 family cytokine, IL-39 (IL-23p19/Ebi3) mediates inflammation in lupus-like mice. In the present study, the effect of anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice was investigated. Rabbit anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunization with recombinant mouse IL-39, and purified using protein A chromatography. These antibodies were subsequently used to treat lupus-like mice. Flow cytometry, captured images, ELISA and H&E staining were used to determine the effect of anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on inflammatory cells, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells and the structure of the glomerular region. The anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies effectively reduced the numbers of inflammatory cells, splenomegaly, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and restored the structure of the glomerular region in MRL/lpr mice. Taken together, these results suggested that anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies ameliorated autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice. Therefore, IL-39 may be used as a possible target for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID:29138852

Genetic variants in IL-6 and IL-10 genes and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV infected patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Sghaier, Ikram; Mouelhi, Leila; Rabia, Noor A; Alsaleh, Bano R; Ghazoueni, Ezzedine; Almawi, Wassim Y; Loueslati, Besma Yacoubi

2017-01-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common primary liver malignancy, and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The HCC risk increases with the severity of liver inflammation, and the clinical course of HCV infection depends on a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The former includes interleukin (IL)-6, while the latter includes IL-10. However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms underlying IL-6 and IL-10 effects remain unclear. The present study evaluated 174 chronic HCV Tunisian patients. Polymorphisms of IL-6 (rs1880242, rs1474847, rs2069840, rs1800797, rs1800796, rs2069845, rs2069827, rs1474348, rs1800795), and IL-10 (rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1554286, rs1878672, rs1518111) were determined by real-time PCR. Notable differences between chronic HCV-infected patients and HCC patients were observed for the three IL-10 SNPs; rs1800871 (-819T/C), rs1800872 (-592A/C), and rs1878672. Carriage of IL-6 rs1800796 G/G genotype, IL-6 rs1474358 C-allele, and IL-6 rs1800797 A-allele was more frequent in chronic HCV-infected patients than in HCC patients. On the other hand, IL-6 rs1474358 GG genotype had a favourable factor for HCC establishment. IL-10 and IL-6 SNPs markedly influence the clinical outcomes of HCV infection. These SNPs could be used as biomarkers for early detection and molecular therapy for preventing HCC, and prognostic factors for predicting the clinical outcomes of HCC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Il punto di vista dell’orecchio

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Renato Rinaldi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Queste brevi note sul suono e sul paesaggio nascono da un lungo lavoro di ricerca sulle trasformazioni del paesaggio alpino contemporaneo condotto assieme al fotografo e filmaker Armin Linke . All’inizio si trattava di indagare sul piano visivo lo scarto esistente tra i cosiddetti “bei paesaggi” delle Alpi e le realtà fisiche che oggi li accompagnano e circondano: da un lato, infatti, ci sono le Alpi come territorio, centrale per l’Europa, che ha vissuto e vive trasformazioni profonde; dall’altro c’è l’immagine delle Alpi, come icona che, grazie all’immaginario che può mobilitare, rimane fedele a sé stessa al di là di qualunque trasformazione.

Il caso Lautsi contro l’Italia

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Grégor Puppinck

2012-02-01

SOMMARIO: 1. Premesse – 2. Il ragionamento della Seconda Sezione - 2.1. La ridefinizione dalla finalità del sistema educativo pubblico - 2.2. Il pluralismo educativo come finalità – 2.3. Sintesi del ragionamento della Sezione – 2.4.  Una sentenza contestata - 3.  Il ragionamento sviluppato dalla Grande Camera - 3.1. La sussidiarietà e il margine di apprezzamento – 3.2.  Il laicismo è una convinzione filosofica non neutra – 3.3. La neutralità si applica all’ “agire” e non all' "essere” dello  Stato – 3.4.  Democrazia, neutralità confessionale e laicità – 3.5.  L’educazione pubblica  nel senso della Grande Camera – 3.6.  Il crocefisso: un simbolo passivo – 3.7.  L’assenza d’ingerenza dello Stato - 4.  Gli sviluppi supplementari alla sentenza della Grande Camera – 4.1.  Il crocefisso e il velo islamico – 4.2.  La libertà negativa di religione dei non credenti – 4.3. La falsa soluzione bavarese – 4.4.  La tradizione – 4.5. La religione maggioritaria – 4.6.  Il dibattito religioso e politico – 4.7. Le conseguenze del caso Lautsi.

CityLog, verso nuove soluzioni per la distribuzione urbana delle merci

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Saverio Zuccotti

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La logistica urbana rappresenta oggi una delle principali sfide per una mobilità sostenibile. La distribuzione delle merci in città paga infatti in competitività quei problemi di cui è in parte responsabile: traffico, inquinamento, incidenti etc. Negli ultimi anni la sensibilità su questi aspetti di sostenibilità ambientale è cresciuta in maniera netta, e a livello europeo molta strada è stata fatta per predisporre le risposte più adeguate. Il progetto europeo CityLog, finanziato nell’ambito del Settimo Programma Quadro, vede oggi collaborare diciotto partner europei coordinati dal Centro Ricerche Fiat per migliorare la logistica urbana agendo lungo tre direttrici: •\tservizi telematici orientati alla logistica, per dare un contributo decisivo al miglioramento della pianificazione delle missioni utilizzando strumenti per il routing ottimizzato dei veicoli e il supporto informativo costante agli autisti dei veicoli; •\tsoluzioni a bordo veicolo, che rappresentano un fattore chiave per aumentare la flessibilità operativa di camion e furgoni; •\tunità di carico innovative, accuratamente progettate per essere utilizzate su veicoli diversi in missioni diverse. Ne deriva pertanto una famiglia di container compatti con un layout interno riconfigurabile così da poter essere utilizzati per scopi diversi.

Work life balance tra limiti istituzionali e pratiche innovative

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Giovanna Campanella

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Come rispondono le politiche di conciliazione cura-lavoro alle esigenze delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori di nuova generazione: sempre più precari, poveri e instabili dal punto di vista reddituale e/o professionale? Con un sostanziale immobilismo politico.  Questo è il quadro che viene fuori da una rassegna delle principali politiche sociali italiane volte a supporto della genitorialità e alla garanzia dell’occupazione femminile. Il contributo mette in luce i limiti di tali politiche e coglie gli aspetti innovativi di pratiche che si sviluppano dal basso.  Al contempo, una riflessione al margine lascia aperta una importante questione sul rapporto tra flessibilità e conciliazione, ovvero tra organizzazione del lavoro e tempi di cura per la famiglia. Nell’era della rivoluzione digitale,  individuamo forti resistenze al cambiamento, sia da parte delle istituzioni, ma anche e soprattutto dal mondo produttivo, che vanta si modelli “agili” di forme di lavoro da un punto di vista formale (vedi il lavoro agile/ smart working ma che dal punto di vista sostanziale rimane radicato a modelli di contrattazione standar che non agevola né la condizioine lavorativa da un punto di vista di tutele né la conciliaizone cura lavoro e quindi l’occupazione femminile.

[Effects of canine IL-2 and IL-7 genes on enhancing immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 gene vaccine in mice].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Huihui; Zhong, Fei; Li, Xiujin; Wang, Lu; Sun, Yan; Neng, Changai; Zhang, Kao; Li, Wenyan; Wen, Jiexia

2012-11-04

To investigate the effects of canine interleukin-2 (cIL-2) and cIL-7 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 DNA vaccine. The bicistronic vectors of cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes were constructed using the eukaryotic expression vector containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The cIL-2/ cIL-7 dicistronic vector plus previously constructed vectors, including CPV VP2 DNA vaccine vector, cIL-2 vector and cIL-7 vector, were used to co-immunize mice with different combinations, consisting of VP2 alone, VP2 + cIL-2, VP2 + cIL-7 and VP2 + cIL-2/cIL-7. The VP2-specific antibody levels in immunized mice were measured by ELISA at different time post-immunization. The proliferation indices and interferon-gamma expression were measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and ELISA, respectively. The cIL-2/cIL-7 bicistronic vector was correct and could mediate cIL-2 and cIL-7 gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Immunization results revealed that the antibody titers and the neutralizing antibody levels of the mice co-immunized with VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vectors were significantly higher than that with either VP2 + cIL-2 vectors or VP2 + cIL-7 vectors (P vaccine.

Lemongrass effects on IL-1beta and IL-6 production by macrophages.

Science.gov (United States)

Sforcin, J M; Amaral, J T; Fernandes, A; Sousa, J P B; Bastos, J K

2009-01-01

Cymbopogon citratus has been widely recognised for its ethnobotanical and medicinal usefulness. Its insecticidal, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties have been reported, but little is known about its effect on the immune system. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo effect of a water extract of lemongrass on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production by macrophages of BALB/c mice. The action of lemongrass essential oil on cytokine production by macrophages was also analysed in vitro. The chemical composition of the extract and the oil was also investigated. Treatment of mice with water extract of lemongrass inhibited macrophages to produce IL-1beta but induced IL-6 production by these cells. Lemongrass essential oil inhibited the cytokine production in vitro. Linalool oxide and epoxy-linalool oxide were found to be the major components of lemongrass water extract, and neral and geranial were the major compounds of its essential oil. Taken together, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory action of this natural product.

Role of IL-1 beta and COX2 in silica-induced IL-6 release and loss of pneumocytes in co-cultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Herseth, Jan I; Refsnes, Magne; Låg, Marit; Schwarze, Per E

2009-10-01

The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 are of great importance in the development of silica-induced lung damage and repair. In this study we investigated the role of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and COX2 in silica-induced regulation of IL-6 release and pneumocyte loss in various mono- and co-cultures of monocytes, pneumocytes and endothelial cells. All co-cultures with monocytes, and especially cultures including endothelial cells, showed an increase of silica-induced release of IL-6 compared to the respective monocultures. Treatment with the antagonist IL-1 ra strongly decreased IL-1 beta and IL-6 release in contact co-cultures of monocytes and pneumocytes. COX2 up-regulation by silica and IL-1 beta was eliminated by IL-1 ra. Inhibition of COX2 markedly reduced both IL-1 beta and IL-6 release. IL-1 ra was more effective than COX2-inhibition in reduction of IL-6, but not of IL-1 beta. Silica-induced pneumocyte loss was reduced by IL-1 beta, but this effect was not counteracted by the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Our findings suggest that silica-induced IL-6 release from pneumocytes is mainly mediated via IL-1 beta release from the monocytes, via both COX2-dependent and -independent pathways. Notably, COX2-derived mediators seem crucial for a positive feed-back regulation of IL-1 beta release from the monocytes. In contrast to silica-induced IL-6, the reduction in pneumocyte loss by IL-1 beta does not seem to be regulated through an IL-1R1-dependent mechanism.

Il corpo della strega

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Georges Bertin

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Come già evidenziato a proposito di altre pratiche, il sabba, attività ludica profana, religiosa, conferiva a ciascuno la possibilità di giocare efficacemente con la dinamica di un mondo da cui emergeva una figura archetipica, la strega, principale attore di questa danza in tondo. Il sabba era, dunque, uno dei luoghi ove si cristallizzavano le figure del proibito, questo per il suo carattere sacro, per la violenza istituzionale che presiedeva alla formazione dei rapporti sociali, e conferiva anche, per le caratteristiche di protesta che rivela, un'immagine sempre esaltante della capacità delle società a resistere. Il problema della nostra epoca ove rifioriscono le streghe nelle più svariate forme è, forse, quello di riallacciarsi con la dimensione gruppale dei nostri svaghi, nelle loro differenti forme e, contemporaneamente, con perdita di energia, a quanto presiedeva ai sabba e alla loro risoluzione sacrificale. In contro-corrente ai modelli meccanici che assegnano dei limiti precisi e funzionali ai corpi asserviti ad un ideale di controllo, il corpo sabbatico con la sua enfasi sulle posizioni limite (ciò che si rimproverava d'altronde alle streghe, era veramente corpo mistico.

IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and nutritional status in pediatric patients with biliary atresia,

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Maria Ines de Albuquerque Wilasco

Full Text Available Abstract Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls. Methods: The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child–Pugh score and PELD/MELD. Serum cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array flow cytometry. Results: IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the cirrhosis group when compared with the control group (2.4 vs. 0.24 (p < 0.001, 0.21 vs. 0.14 (p = 0.007, and 0.65 vs. 0.36 (p = 0.004, respectively. IL-6 and IL-10 were positively correlated with disease severity (0.450 [p = 0.001] and 0.410; [p = 0.002], respectively. TNF-α did not show a significant correlation with disease severity (0.100; p = 0.478. Regarding nutritional evaluation, IL-6 was negatively correlated with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.493; p < 0.001 and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.503; p < 0.001, respectively. IL-10 exhibited a negative correlation with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.476; p < 0.001 and the standard deviation score of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.388; p = 0.004. TNF-α did not show any significance in both anthropometric parameters (−0.083 (p = 0.555 and −0.161 (p = 0.253. Conclusion: The authors suggest that, in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia, IL-6 could be used as a possible supporting biomarker of deficient nutritional status and elevated IL-10 levels could be used as a possible early-stage supporting biomarker of deteriorating nutritional status.

Biological significance of soluble IL-2 receptor

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Calogero Caruso

1993-01-01

Full Text Available A NUMBER of receptors for growth factors and differentiation antigens have been found to be secreted or released by cells. Following mononuclear cell (MNC activation and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R expression, a soluble form of the Alpha;-chain of IL-2R (sIL-2R is released. The sIL-2R has been shown to be present in the culture supernatants of activated MNCs as well as in normal sera and, in higher amounts, in sera from subjects affected by several diseases including neoplastic, infectious and autoimmune ones, and in sera from transplanted patients suffering allograft rejection. The blood sIL-2R levels depend on the number of producing cells and the number of molecules per cell, so that sIL-2R blood values may represent an index of the number and the functional state of producing cells, both normal and neoplastic. Thus, monitoring of the immune system, mostly T-cells and haematological malignancies might be targets for the measurement of sIL-2R. Since many conditions may influence sIL-2R production, little diagnostic use may result from these measurements. However, since blood sIL-2R levels may correlate with disease progression and/or response to therapy, their measurement may be a useful index of activity and extent of disease. The precise biological role of the soluble form of the IL-2R is still a matter of debate. However, we know that increased sIL-2R levels may be observed in association with several immunological abnormalities and that sIL-2R is able to bind IL-2. It is conceivable then that in these conditions the excess sIL-2R released in vivo by activated lymphoid cells or by neoplastic cells may somehow regulate IL-2-dependent processes. On the other hand, it cannot exclude that sIL-2R is a by-product without biological significance. Finally, it is puzzling that in many conditions in which an increase of blood sIL-2R values has been observed, MNCs display a decreased in vitro capacity to produce sIL-2R. These seemingly contrasting

Clinical significance of measurement of serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels after treatment in patients with schizophrenia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Wanqin

2010-01-01

Objective: To study the significance of changes of serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-8 (with RIA) and NO (with bio-chemistry) levels were determined in 37 patients with schizophrenia both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL-8 levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.01). While the serum NO levels were significantly lower (P<0.01). After six weeks' treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 in the patients, though dropped markedly still remained significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in controls. The serum NO levels, though markedly increased after treatment, were still remained significantly lower than those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were closely related to the diseases process of schizophrenia and were of prognostic values. (authors)

El mapa no es el territorio: un ensayo sobre el estado de la economía

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John Kay

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Gran parte de la economía moderna, incluidos en particular los paradigmas dominantes en macroeconomía y economía financiera, supone que hay un modelo “verdadero” del mundo, el cual se puede deducir de un conjunto de axiomas basados en la elección racional. Pero en realidad no hay, ni puede haber, un modelo que describa “el mundo tal como es realmente”. Los modelos son herramientas útiles en economía, e incluso indispensables, pero son necesariamente parciales, provisionales y específicos al contexto. El enfoque de la economía debe ser pluralista, es decir, debe usar el razonamiento inductivo y el razonamiento deductivo. El mapa no es el territorio.

ICT: interfacce tra persone e luoghi

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Corinna Morandi

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Nonostante la diffusione del paradigma della smart city sia stata esponenziale, con l’effetto di confonderne il significato, il concetto di “città intelligente” indica comunque un tema di ricerca importante, in particolare quando venga esteso a contesti territoriali più ampi. In questo senso, la ricerca La smart region tra Torino e Milano. I servizi mobili come driver di innovazione territoriale in vista di Expo 2015 (Politecnico di Milano-Telecom Italia si propone di sperimentare l’uso delle ICT per un sistema integrato di servizi nel territorio tra Torino e Milano, anche in prospettiva di Expo 2015: una regione metropolitana valorizzata da un sistema di relazioni già attive e inserita nel contesto più ampio della city-region del Nord Italia, il cui sviluppo va legato ad una strategia di scala vasta, declinabile nella definizione di “smart city-region” o, più semplicemente, di “smart region”. In tale contesto, il ruolo delle università nei processi di sviluppo territoriale, il miglioramento dei servizi materiali e immateriali erogati dai campus, su cui la ricerca (in corso ha scelto di concentrarsi, può contribuire ad aumentare la sostenibilità e competitività del territorio. Una prima sperimentazione è stata condotta sull’area di Città Studi a Milano, testando una metodologia utile a comprenderne le esigenze e individuando soluzioni e servizi funzionanti su  terminali di comunicazione mobile, interfaccia tra persone e luoghi nel campus e nel contesto urbano circostante.

Cartografía de la investigación en lectura digital. Las investigaciones de Territorio Ebook en el contexto internacional

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Dantas, Taisa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez realizó entre los años 2009 y 2014 una importante experiencia de investigación en el ámbito de la lectura digital: el programa Territorio Ebook. En ella estuvieron involucrados cerca de 300 lectores entre 9 y 75 años, además de bibliotecarios, autores e investigadores de la Universidad de Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca y Universidad de Granada. Entre los objetivos de este programa estuvo el de elaborar una etnografía del lector digital de las bibliotecas públicas de España, pero su alcance fue mayor ya que al contrastar estas investigaciones con otras hechas en diferentes países, es posible extrapolar sus resultados más allá de sus fronteras. En este artículo destaca uno de los diversos matices del programa Territorio Ebook, la investigación distribuida por grupos de edad. Se propone un estudio comparativo entre los resultados alcanzados por la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez según cada grupo de edad e investigaciones realizadas en otros lugares con esta misma variante. Como conclusión destaca la eficacia de investigar en profundidad todos los grupos de lectores, teniendo en cuenta que cada uno tiene características específicas que conducen a diferentes resultados.

Clinical significance of the changes of serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura (AP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang Zhenming; Liu Xia

2005-01-01

Objective: To explore the role of IL-8 and IL-12 in the pathogenesis of anaphylactoid purpura (AP) and anaphylactoid purpura nephritis (APN). Methods: Serum IL-8 (with RIA) and IL-12 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 32 pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura (AP), 11 pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura nephritis (APN) and 15 controls. Results: During acute stage, serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in both the AP and APN patients were significantly higher than those in controls and remained higher during convalescence. IL-8 and IL-12 levels were mutually positively correlated in acute stage. Conclusion: IL-8 and IL-12 participated in the pathogenesis of AP and APN. Theoretically, antagonist to those cytokines might be of clinical benefits. (authors)

IL-1α Up-Regulates IL-6 Expression in Bovine Granulosa Cells via MAPKs and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

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Meng Yang

2017-01-01