47 CFR 32.16 - Changes in accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or successor authoritative accounting standard-setting groups, in a manner consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. The change in an accounting... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Changes in accounting standards. 32.16 Section...

Japanese Cost Accounting Systems - analysis of the cost accounting systems of the Japanese cost accounting standard

OpenAIRE

Peter, Winter

2005-01-01

This paper aims at providing an insight into Japanese cost accounting. Firstly, the development of cost accounting in Japan is delineated. Subsequently, the cost accounting systems codified in the Japanese cost accounting standard are analysed based on the classification according to Hoitsch/Schmitz. Lastly, a critical appraisal of the cost accounting systems of the Japanese cost accounting standard as well as a comparison to German and American cost accounting systems are conducted.

76 FR 8989 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Updated Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting References

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-16

... Acquisition Regulation; Updated Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting References AGENCIES... Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to update references to authoritative accounting standards owing to the Financial... Accounting Principles (GAAP) (``Codification of GAAP''). DATES: Interested parties should submit written...

The International Accounting Standards Board’s Progress in Promoting Judgement Through Objectives-Oriented Accounting Standards

OpenAIRE

Tanja Lakovic; Jayne Fuglister

2013-01-01

This study analyzes how the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) promotes professional judgement by issuing objectives-oriented accounting standards and exposure drafts.  We focus on the the role of judgement as outlined in Phase I of the IASB Conceptual Framework (CF), Chapter 1, “Objective of General Purpose Financial Statements” and Chapter 3, “Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information” (IASB 2010). We discuss how the framework, when viewed through the prism of...

AccountAbility 1000: a new social standard for building sustainability

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beckett, R.; Jonker, J.

2002-01-01

The pressing need to build common frameworks to redefine the performance and sustainability of organisations, has led to the development of a new standard, AccountAbility 1000 (AA1000). AA1000 is a quality framework that aims to make clear how principles of accountability and sustainability are

PENSION FUND ACCOUNTING: AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEPTION OF ACCOUNTANTS, CONSULTANTS AND AUDITORS ON BRAZILIAN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS APPLICABLE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Augusto Pacheco Pereira

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of the study is to verify the perception of accountants, auditors and consultants in relation to Brazilian accounting standards for pension funds. For this a questionnaire was prepared and sent to accountants, auditors and accounting of pension fund consultants. 132 were returned, of which 110 worked as an accountant in any entity, 8 rendering services as external auditors and 14 as consultants. The results obtained indicate that, in general, these professionals know the accounting standards for pension funds used in Brazil and believe that such standards are adequate, except for the period of addressing the deficit, provision for doubtful accounts, contingency reserve boundary and evaluation of real estate investments, in which the perception of the professionals is that the procedures in the international standard are more suitable.

75 FR 20363 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 38, Accounting for...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-19

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 38, Accounting for Federal Oil and Gas Resources AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards... is hereby given that the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of...

48 CFR 9904.411 - Cost accounting standard-accounting for acquisition costs of material.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard-accounting for acquisition costs of material. 9904.411 Section 9904.411 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND...

Regulatory capture in the globalisation of accounting standards

OpenAIRE

Jayne M Godfrey; Ian A Langfield-Smith

2005-01-01

The Australian Financial Reporting Council recently shocked the world business community by unexpectedly announcing a change in the nation’s approach to global-accounting-standards development. The change involved switching from ensuring consistency of Australian accounting standards with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) developed by the International Accounting Standards Board to outright adoption of IFRSs by 2005. At the time of the announcement, Australia had the most de...

48 CFR 52.230-2 - Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards....230-2 Cost Accounting Standards. As prescribed in 30.201-4(a), insert the following clause: Cost Accounting Standards (OCT 2010) (a) Unless the contract is exempt under 48 CFR 9903.201-1 and 9903.201-2, the...

Institutions and accounting standard transformation:Observations from Japan

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Naohiro; Urasaki

2014-01-01

This paper describes the transformation of Japan’s accounting standards over the past 2 decades and the driving forces behind this transformation. It also analyzes the current state of Japan’s accounting standards, which are characterized by the dichotomy of accounting systems inherited from the country’s political, economic and legal institutions. The discussion in this paper emphasizes that a single set of accounting standards is not always effective for every entity.

Institutions and accounting standard transformation: Observations from Japan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naohiro Urasaki

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This paper describes the transformation of Japan’s accounting standards over the past 2 decades and the driving forces behind this transformation. It also analyzes the current state of Japan’s accounting standards, which are characterized by the dichotomy of accounting systems inherited from the country’s political, economic and legal institutions. The discussion in this paper emphasizes that a single set of accounting standards is not always effective for every entity.

Asset Accounting According to National and International Standards

OpenAIRE

Karina Utenkova

2014-01-01

The Article overviews the issues of complying National Accounting Standards at the enterprises of Ukraine with International Financial Reporting Standards. Key provisions of national and international standards governing the accounting of fixed assets (NP(S)A 7 'Property, Plant, Equipment', IFRS 16 'Fixed Assets') have been analyzed. It has been found that the list of PPE regulated by both accounting standard frameworks is not identical. Specifics of fixed assets recognition, their classifica...

Standardizing an End-to-end Accounting Service

Science.gov (United States)

Greenberg, Edward; Kazz, Greg

2006-01-01

Currently there are no space system standards available for space agencies to accomplish end-to-end accounting. Such a standard does not exist for spacecraft operations nor for tracing the relationship between the mission planning activities, the command sequences designed to perform those activities, the commands formulated to initiate those activities and the mission data and specifically the mission data products created by those activities. In order for space agencies to cross-support one another for data accountability/data tracing and for inter agency spacecraft to interoperate with each other, an international CCSDS standard for end-to-end data accountability/tracing needs to be developed. We will first describe the end-to-end accounting service model and functionality that supports the service. This model will describe how science plans that are ultimately transformed into commands can be associated with the telemetry products generated as a result of their execution. Moreover, the interaction between end-to-end accounting and service management will be explored. Finally, we will show how the standard end-to-end accounting service can be applied to a real life flight project i.e., the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project.

Accounting Education Approach in the Context of New Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Accounting Standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cevdet Kızıl

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards on accounting education. This study takes advantage of the survey method for gathering information and running the research analysis. For this purpose, questionnaire forms are distributed to university students personally and via the internet.This paper includes significant research questions such as “Are accounting academicians informed and knowledgeable on new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?”, “Do accounting academicians integrate new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards to their lectures?”, “How does modern accounting education methodology and technology coincides with the teaching of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?”, “Do universities offer mandatory and elective courses which cover the new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?” and “If such courses are offered, what are their names, percentage in the curriculum and degree of coverage?”Research contributes to the literature in several ways. Firstly, new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards are current significant topics for the accounting profession. Furthermore, the accounting education provides a basis for the implementations in public and private sector. Besides, one of the intentions of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards is to foster transparency. That is definitely a critical concept also in terms of mergers, acquisitions and investments. Stakeholders of today’s business world such as investors, shareholders, entrepreneurs, auditors and government are in need of more standardized global accounting principles Thus, revision and redesigning of accounting educations plays an important role. Emphasized points also clearly prove the necessity and functionality of this research.

The political economy of international accounting standards

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Perry, J.; Nolke, A.

2006-01-01

On 1 January 2005, all stock exchange listed companies in the European Union (EU) began using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) written by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This article argues that the IASB's introduction of fair value accounting reflects and

48 CFR 30.102 - Cost Accounting Standards Board publication.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION General 30.102 Cost Accounting Standards Board publication. Copies of the CASB Standards and Regulations are printed in title 48...

Standardized accounting ashore for afloat activities

OpenAIRE

Burr, Michael J.

1996-01-01

With limited resources and reduced funding for Naval forces, there is a need to standardize accounting ashore for all afloat activities. The purpose of this thesis was to review the framework for standardization of inventory reporting afloat under one stores (inventory) accounting system, referred to as the Material Financial Control System-Retail (MFCS-Retail). Additional analysis was conducted on general funds obligational reporting for afloat Operating Targets (OPTARS) and the conversion t...

Accounting standards that appeal to the professional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alain BURLAUD

2016-12-01

In order to observe, in a scientific manner, this evolution of the accounting standards, we conducted a content analysis of principal legislative accounting texts, international and national (France and Romania, supplemented by a lexicometric analysis. These analyses allowed us to conclude that the importance of professional judgment in accounting standards is lower at the national level than it is at the international level. However, we highlight a number of dangers related to an increased use of professional judgment: loss of comparability and transparency, increased risks for accounting professionals including auditors, and significant discrepancies in the use of professional judgment in individual or consolidated accounts

Autonomy and Accountability in Standards-Based Reform

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susan Watson

2001-08-01

Full Text Available In this article we discuss the effects of one urban school district's efforts to increase the autonomy and accountability of schools and teams of teachers through a standards-based reform known as team- based schooling. Team-based schooling is designed to devolve decision-making authority down to the school level by increasing teachers' autonomy to make decisions. Increased accountability is enacted in the form of a state-level standards-based initiative. Based on our evaluation over a two-year period involving extensive fieldwork and quantitative analysis, we describe the ways that teachers, teams and school administrators responded to the implementation of team-based schooling. What are the effects of increasing school-level autonomy and accountability in the context of standards- based reform? Our analysis highlights several issues: the "lived reality" of teaming as it interacts with the existing culture within schools, the ways that teachers respond to the pressures created by increased internal and external accountability, and the effects of resource constraints on the effectiveness of implementation. We conclude by using our findings to consider more broadly the trade-off between increased autonomy and accountability on which standards-based reforms like team-based schooling are based.

14 CFR 1274.919 - Cost principles and accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost principles and accounting standards... principles and accounting standards. Cost Principles and Accounting Standards July 2002 The expenditure of... Recipient (See clause entitled “Resource Sharing Requirements”) shall be governed by the FAR cost principles...

ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING - A TALE OF TWO STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARIUS DEAC

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The process of accounting harmonization in Europe has started in 1978 with the adoption of the Fourth Council Directive 78/660/EEC regarding the annual accounts of limited liability companies. The harmonization process continued with the regulation of the consolidated annual accounts with the enactment of the Seventh Council Directive 83/349/EEC. In 2002 the European Parliament has adopted the EC Regulation No. 1606/2002 requiring all listed group entities within EU to apply the International Accounting Standards for their consolidated financial statements starting from 2005. This has led to the use of a dual accounting standardization as listed entities are required to use IAS/IFRS while non-listed entities use the national GAAP harmonized with the 4th and 7th directives. The adoption of the new accounting directive 2013/34/EU does not solve this differentiation as it doesn't allow the option for national accounting regulators the use of IFRS for SMEs. Romania, as a member of the European Union, is no exception from this usage of a dual accounting standard. After the fall of the communist regime, Romania has modernized its accounting system by adopting a French inspired, EU 4th directive compliant national GAAP. Between 2001 and 2005 there was a strong interest towards the adoption of IAS/IFRS that went beyond the scope of EC Regulation No. 1606/2002. This has changed in 2005 when IAS/IFRSs were considered as an option of additional voluntary disclosure. From 2006, Romania has aligned its national legislation to the requirements of EC Regulation No. 1606/2002. The application of this dual standard accounting system has been cumbersome especially for the entities that were required to prepare two different annual accounts, one using IAS/IFRS and one using Romanian GAAP. This obstacle has been overcome in 2012 when certain entities were allowed to prepare their financial statements using only IFRS.

Accounting standards and earnings management : The role of rules-based and principles-based accounting standards and incentives on accounting and transaction decisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beest, van F.

2012-01-01

This book examines the effect that rules-based and principles-based accounting standards have on the level and nature of earnings management decisions. A cherry picking experiment is conducted to test the hypothesis that a substitution effect is expected from accounting decisions to transaction

Accounting treatment of software development costs according to applicable accounting standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dilyana Markova

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The growth of the software sector worldwide is ahead of the creation and updating of accounting standards that regulate the reporting of the products and services it creates. Applicable standards across countries are interpreted differently and that lead to incomplete reports. This impose the adoption and application of explanations to give a specific guidelines and rules on the accounting treatment of R & D expenditure at each phase of the software project life cycle and disclosure of the information in the financial statements.

On the Internationalization of Chinese Accounting Standards

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

JU Ling Jiao

2015-01-01

Accounting internationalization has become an inexorable trend of world economic development. This paper begins with the analysis of the situation and trend of accounting internationalization in China. Then, based on the diferences between Chinese and international accounting standards (IAS), it ilustrates the inevitability of accounting internationalization in China. Finaly, the research provides suggestions for problems existing in the process of accounting internationalization in the country.

Standards, Accountability, and School Reform: Perils and Pitfalls.

Science.gov (United States)

Sheldon, Kennon M.; Biddle, Bruce J.

1998-01-01

Examines current debates about educational standards, accountability, and school reform from the perspective of Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory. Research reveals various perils associated with rigid standards, narrow accountability, and tangible sanctions that can debase student and teacher motivation and performance. Alternative…

Accounting Standards: What Do They Mean?

Science.gov (United States)

Farley, Jerry B.

1992-01-01

Four recent and proposed changes in national school accounting standards have significant policy implications for colleges and universities. These changes address (1) standards regarding postemployment benefits other than pensions, (2) depreciation, (3) financial report format, and (4) contributions and pledges made to the school. Governing boards…

Procurement Contracting Officer’s Guide to Cost Accounting Standards,

Science.gov (United States)

1977-09-01

ACCESSION MO r P.R0CUR2K2NT CONTRACTING ^FFICDR’S %UID2 TO COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS. .-IB’ i 4fiSj irPBVPWra ONOANIZATION NAME MB AOONESS...discussing the history and development of Cost Accounting Standards, the functions of the Cost Accounting Standards Board, and the methodology...20. Abstract (continued) the tasks that Cost Accounting Standards have placed on the procurement officer. 3y understanding these tasks the

The International harmonisation process of Accounting Standards

OpenAIRE

Fritz, Susanne; Lämmle, Christina

2003-01-01

Background: Growth in international trade and capital flows has triggered a rising economic integration. Because of these developments there has been an international homogenising effect upon many customs, practices and institutions. In business life it led among other things to a desire to harmonise Accounting Standards among countries. Purpose: Our purpose is to answer the question: What is the international harmonisation process of Accounting Standards, what is its status quo and how impo...

Self-Study and Evaluation Guide; Section C-2; Financial Accounting and Service Reporting.

Science.gov (United States)

National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped, New York, NY.

In determining standards to judge an agency's performance in meeting its responsibilities to the public, two fundamental factors must be taken into consideration: (1) standards for financial accounting and service reporting must be formulated in the knowledge that variations among agencies will necessarily give rise to variations in applicability…

48 CFR 52.230-6 - Administration of Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.230-6 Administration of Cost Accounting Standards. As prescribed in 30.201-4(d)(1), insert the following clause: Administration of Cost Accounting Standards (JUN 2010) For the purpose of administering the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) requirements under this contract, the Contractor shall take the...

48 CFR 9904.409 - Cost accounting standard-depreciation of tangible capital assets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.409 Cost accounting standard...

FASB issues new accounting standards for business combinations.

Science.gov (United States)

Heuer, Christian; Travers, Mary Ann K

2010-06-01

Accounting Standard Codification Topic 958 (formerly Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 164), Not-for-Profit Entities: Mergers and Acquisitions, applies to mergers and acquisitions as early as Jan. 1, 2010, for calendar-year entities. Not-for-profit organizations need to move to fair value accounting, with a focus on the valuation of intangible assets. Noncompliance could cause a hospital's auditors to issue a qualified report, which could lead to difficulties obtaining bank and bond financing.

The regulatory framework of accounting and accounting standard-setting bodies in the European Union member states

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Mamić-Sačer

2015-12-01

Full Text Available One of the principal features of accounting in the 21st century is harmonisation and stanardisation. Regulation of the European Parliament and European Council No. 1606/2002 harmonizes financial reporting for certain companies in the EU. However, national accounting principles are of great importance for financial reporting. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the application of generally accepted accounting principles, the regulatory accounting framework and the standard-setting bodies of EU member states. The analysis of these accounting issues was conducted with respect to all 28 EU member states. The results indicate that EU member states regulate their principal accounting issues through separate accounting acts or implement those issues in companies acts. Some EU member states do not have national accounting standards, the national accounting principles being incorporated in companies acts and accounting acts. Nevertheless, national accounting standard-setting bodies are governmental organisations in almost half the member states.

Accounting Standards and Legal Capital in EU Law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loukas Panetsos

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the interaction between accounting standards and legal capital in the European Union legal framework. More in particular, it attempts to compare on a parallel basis the distributional and behavioural function of both concepts and to address whether the current legal status quo in the European Union fulfils these functions. First, this paper makes a short reference to the various accounting families which are encountered today, with a strong emphasis on the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental systems. Then, it describes the EU accounting regulation and the introduction of IFRS in domestic legislation. Further, it discusses the concept of legal capital as it has been established in European jurisdictions and it points to the relevance of the Continental accounting standards. It is argued that both are characterized by paternalism, contrasting with Anglo-American standards and American distributional methods, which are outlined by contractariansm. The final argument is that the combination of legal capital rules and Anglo-American standards, like the IFRS, neither achieves the protective role prescribed to the former, nor guarantees the aims of the latter.

49 CFR 1200.2 - Adoption of generally accepted accounting principles issued by the Financial Accounting Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... principles issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). 1200.2 Section 1200.2 Transportation... COMMERCE ACT § 1200.2 Adoption of generally accepted accounting principles issued by the Financial... Financial Accounting Standards by the FASB, and provided that the Office of Economics, Environmental...

(No) Limits to Anglo-American Accounting? Reconstructing the History of the International Accounting Standards Committee ; A Review Article

OpenAIRE

Botzem, S.; Quack, S.

2009-01-01

The development of the current International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) from the earlier International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) provides insight into many issues of international financial reporting, among them the characteristics of international accounting standards themselves. This article reviews Camfferman and Zeff’s [Camfferman, K., & Zeff, S. A. (2007). Financial reporting and global capital markets. A history of the international accounting standards committee 1973...

Accounting quality and the adoption of IASB standards: portuguese evidence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Isabel Morais

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Through rule 1606/2002 by the European Commission, Portuguese listed firms were required to adopt IASB standards in the preparation and presentation of consolidated accounts for the periods beginning on or after 2005. IASB standards are developed in environments where accounting practices are especially directed at the private sector, reporting rules are largely unaffected by taxation requirements and capital is traditionally raised in public markets. However, in Portugal, financial reporting is closely related to tax reporting and banks play a key role in providing finance and inside access to information. We investigate whether adopting IASB standards is associated with higher earnings quality and higher value relevance. We compare the earnings quality and value relevance of accounting data of 34 Portuguese listed firms before (1995-2004 and after (2004-2005 the adoption of IASB standards. We find that firms, during the period when they adopt IASB standards, report less smooth earnings than those firms in periods when they adopted national accounting standards, which seems to suggest an improvement in earnings quality. However, we also find that the value relevance of accounting information decreases with the adoption of IASB standards.

Business and economic aspects of accounting standardization in Hungary

OpenAIRE

Jeno Beke

2010-01-01

The goal of this study is to describe and summarize how the accounting standards can promote business decisions and influence economic environment. The unified, standardized accounting information system will lead to new types of analysis and data, furthermore with the possible integration of new indicators from the business management of certain countries. The results of applied regression model support that the greater demand for more informative and conservative accounting earnings due to ...

48 CFR 52.230-1 - Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... Provisions and Clauses 52.230-1 Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification. As prescribed in 30.201-3, insert the following provisions: Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification (OCT 2008...

The reform of accounting standards and audit pricing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kai Zhu

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on the reform of accounting standards in China in 2007 and investigates its impact on equilibrium pricing in the audit market. We find that the concentration of the audit market and the probability of issuing modified audit opinions do not significantly change, but that audit fees increase significantly after the adoption of the new accounting standards in China. Deeper analysis suggests that (1 the implementation of the new IFRS-based Chinese Accounting Standards (CASs has increased the market risk faced by listed firms and thus auditors’ expected audit risk, causing an increase in audit fees, and (2 the degree of the increase in audit fees is positively related to the adjusted difference between net income according to the old CAS before 2007 and the new CAS after 2007. We thus conclude that the reform has had a significant impact on audit pricing in China.

IMPLICATIONS OF STANDARDIZATION AND HARMONIZATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR ROMANIA

OpenAIRE

Mihaela Cristina Onica; Neculina Chebac

2008-01-01

Accountancy normalization supposes rules and accountancy standards making, rules which are accomplished in the way of common denominator concerning the way of action and implementation in order to realize a content comparison and accountancy in formations approach. Accountancy normalization process is structured in two main areas: national accountancy normalization and international accountancy normalization. Though international accountancy normalization concept has to be realized a differen...

Illinois Occupational Skill Standards: Accounting Services Cluster.

Science.gov (United States)

Illinois Occupational Skill Standards and Credentialing Council, Carbondale.

These Illinois skill standards for the accounting services cluster are intended to serve as a guide to workforce preparation program providers as they define content for their programs and to employers as they establish the skills and standards necessary for job acquisition. They could also serve as a mechanism for communication among education,…

Accounting for Inventories as Service Producing Cost in Hospitals In According To Turkish Accounting Standard-2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seyhan Çil Koçyiğit

2011-03-01

Full Text Available As known, service is an intangible concept. This prevents services to be stored and makes them impossible to be used in another time in the future. Thus, it is a matter of discussion to suppose the services (which occur in the hospitals as an intangible concept as inventory. There are some differences between Turkish uniform accounting system and Turkish accounting standards in stockpiling the service producing costs in hospitals. In this study, especially Turkish Accounting Standard-2 Inventories is considered regarding service inventories in order to emphasise the differences and guiding to apply this standard towards hospitals is aimed. Furthermore, a sample is issued in booking the service inventories in hospitals by using financials of Acıbadem Health Services CO. as the unique hospital written in İstanbul Stock Exchange. At the end of the study, more truthful results has been inspected by applying Turkish Accounting Standard-2 instead of current application by compliying with the matching principle as well.

77 FR 69441 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-19

...; Information Collection; Cost Accounting Standards Administration AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General... collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards administration. Public comments are particularly... Information Collection 9000- 0129, Cost Accounting Standards Administration by any of the following methods...

Globalisation of accounting standards and competitive posture of Indian companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica Singhania

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Unification of the global financial reporting system is essential to enable comparability of financial statements at the international level in post crisis competitive environment. IFRSs are increasingly gaining acceptance as global accounting standards. With European Union adopting the IFRS in 2005, as on date over 116 countries have already either converged their accounting standards with IFRS or adopted IFRS as such and many more are in the process. Countries refusing IFRS are likely to be viewed as more risky by the international investors thereby affecting the inflow of capital to such countries. In India, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI the apex body dealing with accounting standards has declared the roadmap of IFRS convergence in a phased manner from April 1, 2011. Our paper highlights the status of Indian accounting standards converging to IFRS as of now. In addition, a full fledged theoretical framework is developed showcasing, the convergence timeline, the major differences in the treatment of select items under these two alternative accounting environments, exact stage at which the Indian accounting standards are today in view of the announced convergence to IFRS and the legal and regulatory issues in converging to IFRS in India. We investigate the case of 150 odd firms and show the impact of convergence on financial ratios and the related valuation concerns. Finally, we indicate the strategic implications of IFRS adoption to Indian companies.

77 FR 33735 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 43

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-07

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 43 AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice. Board Action... Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 43...

78 FR 2673 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 44

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-14

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 44 AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice. Board Action... Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 44...

77 FR 27550 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-10

...] RIN 9000-AM25 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold AGENCY... Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to revise the threshold for applicability of cost accounting standards in order to implement a recent rule of the Cost Accounting Standards Board and statutory...

48 CFR 970.5232-5 - Liability with respect to cost accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... cost accounting standards. 970.5232-5 Section 970.5232-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... cost accounting standards. As prescribed in 970.3270(a)(5), insert the following clause: Liability With Respect to Cost Accounting Standards (DEC 2000) (a) The Contractor is not liable to the Government for...

Closing the GAAP Gap--The National Accounting Standards Struggle.

Science.gov (United States)

Garner, C. William

1994-01-01

By 1992, all states had adopted the Governmental Accounting Standards Board's (GASB) Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP). However, not all governments had implemented them by that date. Points out the advantages and weaknesses of GAAP. Concludes that the uniformity in accounting rules give greater assurance that the information…

Cultural impact on the harmonisation of Russian Accounting Standards with the International Financial Reporting Standards: A practitioner's perspective

OpenAIRE

Combs, A; Samy, M; Myachina, A

2013-01-01

Purpose\\ud – The purpose of this paper is to explore cultural impact on the harmonisation of Russian Accounting Standards with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).\\ud \\ud Design/methodology/approach\\ud – A theoretical review established that differences still exist between the two sets of accounting standards. For decades, Russia was a socialist state of planned economy. Accounting was a tool of centralised control, and accountants had a job of gathering information for statist...

Hail, Procrustes! Harmonized accounting standards as a Procrustean bed

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stecher, J.; Suijs, J.P.M.

2012-01-01

This article finds that the use of a harmonized accounting standard, such as the International Financial Reporting Standards, increases the information available to markets only if institutional differences across countries using the harmonized standard are insignificant. In all other cases,

Teaching Undergraduate Accounting Majors How to Interpret the Accounting Standards Codification: An Alternative to Research Cases

Science.gov (United States)

Toerner, Michael C.; Swindle, C. Bruce; Burckel, Daryl V.

2014-01-01

Professional accountants regularly search the FASB'S Accounting Standards Codification to find answers to financial accounting questions. Accounting educators know this and frequently use research cases in an attempt to help students begin developing this ability. But many students struggle with these cases because they have not been taught how to…

The Nigerian Statements of Accounting Standards and Ribh (Profit ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Nigerian Statements of Accounting Standards and Ribh (Profit) in an ... the years on Islamic finance and interest-based economic-system has been concerned ... However, Islamic accounting uses both historical cost concept and current ...

77 FR 26278 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 42

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-03

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial... Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 42, Deferred Maintenance and Repairs, Amending Statements of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 6, 14, 29...

FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issues new accounting rules for debt and equity securities.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinstein, A; Bayou, M E

1994-10-01

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued a new statement that requires all companies to change their methods of accounting for debt and equity securities. Rather than allowing organizations to use a historical cost approach in accounting for such financial instruments, FASB Statement No. 115 requires organizations to adopt a market value approach. The provisions of this statement will affect significantly organizations in the healthcare industry that have large investment portfolios.

48 CFR 9904.401 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in estimating, accumulating and reporting costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.401 Cost... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard...

Is the Birth of New "Display" Standards the Death of Fund Accounting?

Science.gov (United States)

Gallo, Robert P.

1994-01-01

Implementation of new college and university accounting standards for financial statements do not change the need for institutional accountability and, therefore, for fund accounting. The new standards will, however, change the level and appearance of external reporting. (MSE)

Unintended consequences of changing accounting standards: the case of fair value accounting and mandatory dividends

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Goncharov, I.; van Triest, S.

2014-01-01

A growing body of literature investigates the interaction of changes in accounting standards with institutions such as investor protection laws and corporate governance mechanisms. We examine the unintended consequences of fair value accounting in determining mandated preferred dividends. We study

Explaining  the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations

OpenAIRE

Collin, Sven-Olof; Tagesson, Torbjörn; Andersson, Anette; Cato, Josefine; Hansson, Karin

2004-01-01

Positive  accounting  theory  (PAT)  tries  to  explain  corporations’  choices  of accounting standards. Empirical research in this field has been focused on the choices  made by large, listed corporations. We challenge this grounding through extending the empirical domain by testing PAT on Swedish municipal corporations. In  order to be able to explain the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations, PAT has to be complemented by institutional factors that can consider the   fo...

MULTIVARIATE ACCOUNTING IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. V. IEVDOKYMOV

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The necessity of the research on the basis of the positivist model of scientific knowledge is proved. The value of the conceptual framework in the process of bookkeeping selection is analyzed. The differences of the accounting selection adjustment procedure in US GAAP and IFRS are considered. The role and importance of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting in the implementation of accounting selection are substantiated. The structure of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and their limitations under the Conceptual Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements are examined. The correlation between the accounting rules and alternatives adopted in US GAAP and IAS / IFRS is analyzed. The necessity to discuss the issue of the feasibility of «rule-oriented» or «principle-oriented» accounting model in the context of multivariate concept is studied. The authors prove the necessity of the application of institutional theory to solve the problems of accounting opportunism that arises when using the concept of multivariate accounting in International Financial Reporting Standards.

Social Accountability 8000 standard as a contemporary challenge in HR management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnieszka Michalak

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed at presenting the requirements of the Social Accountability 8000 standard as the only certifiable standard in the corporate accountability area. Standard implementation is a significant challenge for many entities. This article discusses the areas where SA8000 implementation is most difficult and offers some practical tips, useful for further standard  implementation. Workplace relations and care about the business ethics should be the foundation of any responsible business operations.

Taming creative accounting via international financial reporting standards: The Nigerian scenario

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Godsday Edesiri Okoro

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Creative accounting has remained a contentious issue, raising series of arguments in the accounting literature. These arguments are premised on twofold: positive creative accounting (ethical and negative creative accounting (unethical. Positive creative accounting is grounded on ‘fair’ accounting practices while negative creative accounting is built on ‘inappropriate’ accounting practices that may be mendacious to users of accounting numbers. Creative accounting is a way of ethically assisting firms out of the compass of crashing out of business but rather it has been seen as an instrument of destruction. However, this paper examined international financial reporting standards (IFRSs as a way of taming creative accounting as well as factors that trigger unethical accounting practices in Nigeria. The paper utilized structured questionnaires administered to 120 professionals (auditors, investors, stockbrokers. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical tool was used in analyzing the field data. Based on the analysis, we found that IFRSs can be used to tame creative accounting. This implies that IFRSs moderate excessive unethical accounting practices. We found that one of the most significant factors triggering negative creative accounting is ‘conflict of interest’. On the basis of the findings, we recommended that ethical standards by the accounting profession should be properly aligned to suit the present business environment and sustained so as to checkmate excessive use of creative accounting. Also, IFRSs should be fully implemented by all corporate firms as well as more ethical standards that may guide management on creative accounting should be made available by regulatory framework of accounting so as to guide its use without it being detrimental to stakeholders.

78 FR 40665 - Cost Accounting Standards: CAS 413 Pension Adjustments for Extraordinary Events

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-08

... Accounting Standards: CAS 413 Pension Adjustments for Extraordinary Events AGENCY: Cost Accounting Standards...: The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board, is conducting... Extraordinary Events. This is the first step in a four- step process that may result in a final rule. As part of...

ACCOUNTABILITY INFLUENCE, TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY AND MEASUREMENT DIFFICULTY TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIAN STANDARD STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (PSAK) NO. 27 (REVISED 1998) ABOUT COOPERATIVES ACCOUNTING IN EAST JAVA

OpenAIRE

., Sutarto; ., Isnalita; ., Habiburrochman

2008-01-01

Financial report is a tool for business entity to deliver information to stakeholders. Thedifference of user’s interests causes that the financial report needs to be audited by theindependent auditor, to make sure fairness and conform with accounting standard. Thecooperatives managers must conduct the rule stated in accounting standard. Thus, thatthe Accountability, Technical Difficulty, Measurement Difficulty are the basic to realizethe implementation of cooperative accounting standard. The ...

Accountability Influence, Technical Difficulty and Measurement Difficulty Towards the Implementation of Indonesian Standard Statement of Financial Accounting (PSAK) No. 27 (Revised 1998) About Cooperatives Accounting in East Java

OpenAIRE

Habiburrahman, Sutarto Isnalita

2008-01-01

Financial report is a tool for business entity to deliver information to stakeholders. Thedifference of user's interests causes that the financial report needs to be audited by theindependent auditor, to make sure fairness and conform with accounting standard. Thecooperatives managers must conduct the rule stated in accounting standard. Thus, thatthe Accountability, Technical Difficulty, Measurement Difficulty are the basic to realizethe implementation of cooperative accounting standard. The...

International Financial Reporting Standards Convergence and Quality of Accounting Information: Evidence from Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Yusrina, Hasyyati; Mukhtaruddin, Mukhtaruddin; Fuadah, Luk Luk; Sulong, Zunaidah

2017-01-01

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) initiated by International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) are principle-based standard that require extensive disclosure of financial statements and accounting information as compared to prior standard that is the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to better reflect the overall quality of company’s performance. Therefore, the IFRS convergence is expected to improve the reliability of financial reporting by limiting opportun...

International Financial Reporting Standards And Accounting Education in Turkey: an Investigation On Accounting Academians’ Perceptions

OpenAIRE

DURER, Salih; AKBAŞ, Halil Emre; ZEYTİNOĞLU, Emin

2016-01-01

This study aims to examine the perceptions of accountingacademicians about incorporating International Financial ReportingStandards (IFRS) into the accounting education. Results of thestudy indicate that uncertainty in the implementation of IFRS isseen as the most challenging aspect of incorporating IFRS into theaccounting education and the most appropriate path that shouldbe followed in accounting education is to give equal weight to AccountingSystem Implementation General Communiqués, tax l...

The regulatory framework of accounting and accounting standard-setting bodies in the European Union member states

OpenAIRE

Mamić-Sačer, Ivana

2015-01-01

One of the principal features of accounting in the 21st century is harmonisation and stanardisation. Regulation of the European Parliament and European Council No. 1606/2002 harmonizes financial reporting for certain companies in the EU. However, national accounting principles are of great importance for financial reporting. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the application of generally accepted accounting principles, the regulatory accounting framework and the standard-set...

48 CFR 52.230-5 - Cost Accounting Standards-Educational Institution.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... Clauses 52.230-5 Cost Accounting Standards—Educational Institution. As prescribed in 30.201-4(e), insert the following clause: Cost Accounting Standards—Educational Institution (OCT 2010) (a) Unless the...

Accounting quality and the adoption of IASB standards: portuguese evidence

OpenAIRE

Morais, Ana Isabel; Curto, José Dias

2008-01-01

Through rule 1606/2002 by the European Commission, Portuguese listed firms were required to adopt IASB standards in the preparation and presentation of consolidated accounts for the periods beginning on or after 2005. IASB standards are developed in environments where accounting practices are especially directed at the private sector, reporting rules are largely unaffected by taxation requirements and capital is traditionally raised in public markets. However, in Portugal, financial reporting...

Social Moderation, Assessment and Assuring Standards for Accounting Graduates

Science.gov (United States)

Watty, Kim; Freeman, Mark; Howieson, Bryan; Hancock, Phil; O'Connell, Brendan; de Lange, Paul; Abraham, Anne

2014-01-01

Evidencing student achievement of standards is a growing imperative worldwide. Key stakeholders (including current and prospective students, government, regulators and employers) want confidence that threshold learning standards in an accounting degree have been assured. Australia's new higher education regulatory environment requires that student…

Adoption of International Financial Accounting Reporting Standards ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study examines the International Financial Accounting Reporting Standards adoption practices around the world and the way these practices are reflected in the financial statements of companies in different countries. It also examines the incentives/ motivations for the variations in the type of International Financial ...

76 FR 60357 - Federal Regulations; OMB Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-29

... derived from 41 U.S.C. 1501. Cost Accounting Standards are rules governing the measurement, assignment... Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards Included in the Semiannual Agenda of..., and Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) Cost Accounting Standards. OMB Circulars and OFPP Policy...

Globalisation of accounting standards and competitive posture of Indian companies

OpenAIRE

Monica Singhania; P. K. Gupta

2011-01-01

Unification of the global financial reporting system is essential to enable comparability of financial statements at the international level in post crisis competitive environment. IFRSs are increasingly gaining acceptance as global accounting standards. With European Union adopting the IFRS in 2005, as on date over 116 countries have already either converged their accounting standards with IFRS or adopted IFRS as such and many more are in the process. Countries refusing IFRS are likely to be...

Accounting Education Approach in the Context of New Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Accounting Standards

OpenAIRE

Cevdet Kızıl; Ayşe Tansel Çetin; Ahmed Bulunmaz

2014-01-01

The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards on accounting education. This study takes advantage of the survey method for gathering information and running the research analysis. For this purpose, questionnaire forms are distributed to university students personally and via the internet.This paper includes significant research questions such as “Are accounting academicians informed and knowledgeable on new Turkish commerc...

Analytical standards for accountability of uranium hexafluoride - 1972

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1976-01-01

An analytical standard for the accountability of uranium hexafluoride is presented that includes procedures for subsampling, determination of uranium, determination of metallic impurities and isotopic analysis by gas and thermal ionization mass spectrometry

78 FR 13675 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-28

...; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD... collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards administration. A notice was published in the...- 0129, Cost Accounting Standards Administration by any of the following methods: Regulations.gov : http...

AGRARIAN ACCOUNTANCY IN THE VISUAL CONE OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela SIMTION

2014-04-01

Full Text Available After a long period during which agriculture did not have a standard of its own and applied for that matter the IAS 2 rules regarding inventories; IAS 16 regarding property, plant and equipment and IAS 18 regarding revenues, one last standard is being born – IAS 41. The late appearance of this standard is compensated by the great attention granted from the IASC, as agriculture is very important for those countries in course of development. IAS 41 is operative for those financial statements starting with the 1 of January 2003. The current standard is applied to account those elements regarding agricultural activities. IAS 41 is does not deal: with genuine exploiting activities, with harvested agricultural products, which are non biological products, or with the agricultural production, which is incorporated in the processing process. The activity will follow the financial reporting guidelines imposed by IAS 41 if: (athe plants or animals, that represent the object of the activities, are living and suitable for transformation; (b the change must be controlled, a fact which implies a range of activities like ground fertilizing and crop cultivation, feeding and medical assistance while breeding animals;(cthere have to exist fundamentals for evaluating changes like: the degree at which plants ripen, the animals weight, the trees circumference. The most important feature of this standard is the request for evaluating the biological assets at each balance sheet date at its fair value. Taking into consideration the limited framework of the current standard, beside of the explicit exceptions, all IAS must also be applied in agriculture.

76 FR 70037 - Federal Regulations; OMB Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-10

... Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards Included in the Semiannual Agenda of..., and Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) Cost Accounting Standards. DATES: The withdrawal is...

Are transvestites necessarily heterosexual?

Science.gov (United States)

Bullough, B; Bullough, V

1997-02-01

A survey of 372 male cross-dressers gathered data about present and childhood experiences and attitudes in light of the growing knowledge about transvestism. This article focuses on data related to sexual orientation, particularly in relationship to the definition of transvestism in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association. It is argued that transvestism is not necessarily a heterosexual phenomenon.

AA1000 and SA8000 compared: a systematic comparison of contemporary accountability standards

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Göbbels, M.; Jonker, J.

2003-01-01

One of the ways to deal with stakeholder issues, is the use and application of accountability standards. Two recent accountability standards (AA1000 and SA8000) will be the subject of comparison in this paper. Firstly, the constituent elements of these new standards will be briefly described. The

48 CFR 9904.402 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.402 Cost... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard...

Selecting International Standards for Accrual-Based Accounting in the Public Sector

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pontoppidan, Caroline Aggestam

2011-01-01

The article discusses the definition of a government business enterprise (GBE), as provided in the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), as a determinant for applying IPSAS or the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for a public sector entity. The work...... of the IPSASB is focused on the accounting and financial reporting needs of national, regional and local governments, and related governmental agencies, while the IFRS serves the private sector....

Property, Plant and Equipment disclosure requirements and firm characteristics: the Portuguese Accounting Standardization System

OpenAIRE

Botelho, Rafaela; Azevedo, Graça; Costa, Alberto J.; Oliveira, Jonas

2015-01-01

In the new Portuguese accounting frame of reference (Portuguese Accounting Standardization System – Sistema de Normalização Contabilística), the issues related to Property, Plant and Equipment assets are dealt with in the Accounting and Financial Reporting Standard (Norma Contabilística de Relato Financeiro – NCRF) 7 (Property, Plant & Equipment). The present study intends to assess the degree of compliance with the disclosure requirements of this accounting standard by Portuguese unlisted co...

AUDIT OF FINANCIAL REPORTS, BASED ON INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

OpenAIRE

Islom Kuziev

2011-01-01

In this article are given main notion about international standard of financial reporting, order of the auditing on the base of IFRS, scheduling the report of the auditor, auditor conclusions and are given analysis of reporting based on the auditor procedures. At the audit of financial reporting are taken into account international standard to financial reporting 29 "Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies".

Reflections of Turkish accounting and financial reporting standards on vocational school students: A research on comparing perceptions of intermediate and mid-level accounting professional candidates

OpenAIRE

Seldüz Hakan; Seldüz Emine

2016-01-01

This research aims to compare the perceptions of intermediate and mid-level accounting professional candidates on accounting and financial reporting standards. A significant part of accounting process is carried out by vocational school graduate intermediate and mid-level accounting professionals. However, it can be claimed that adequate education about accounting and financial reporting standards isn’t given in vocational schools although these standards structure the whole accounting proces...

48 CFR 9905.501 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in estimating, accumulating and reporting costs by...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard....501 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST...

Adopting US-GAAP Or IASB Accounting Standards By The Arab Countries

OpenAIRE

Taisier A. Zoubi; Osamah Al-Khazali

2011-01-01

This paper examines whether Arab countries have adopted the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (lASB) or the US-GAAP. The results of this study show that companies in the Arab world use different accounting rules and regulations for measurement, recognition, and disclosures of financial position and results of operation. Consequently, comparability of the financial results of different companies in different countries in the Arab world is impaired. We recommend a...

75 FR 18208 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 37, Social Insurance...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-09

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial... and Basic Financial Statements AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice... Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting...

75 FR 3236 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-20

... extension of a previously approved information collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards... include pertinent rules and regulations related to the Cost Accounting Standards along with necessary... impact estimates and descriptions in cost accounting practices and also to provide information on CAS...

76 FR 28434 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 40, Definitional Changes...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-17

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial... of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 6, Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment AGENCY... Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 40, Definitional...

76 FR 40908 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 41, Deferral of the...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-12

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 41, Deferral of the Effective Date of SFFAS 38, Accounting for Federal Oil and Gas... Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has issued Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 41...

Cost Accounting Standards: Determining an Institution's Disclosure Requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruce, Janet D.

1995-01-01

This article discusses the implications of recently adopted U.S. Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) that apply to educational institutions that contract with or receive grants from the federal government. It focuses on the disclosure requirements that colleges and universities must follow to comply with CAS. (MDM)

Earnings Management and Participation in Accounting Standard-Setting

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koenigsgruber, R.; Palan, S.

2015-01-01

Recent economic and political science research suggests that the way public policy is set, and in particular the participation of those affected by it, impacts upon the outcome of the policy. Accounting standard setting has long offered such a possibility to participate via the due process approach

Further Thoughts on Mega-Accounting and the Need for Standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. R. Mathews

2008-12-01

accounting should be based. The paper concludes by reiterating that the way forward for social and environmental accounting and reporting is for a conceptual framework to be agreed and standards developed via a normative-pragmatic process that will provide the basis for comprehensive, audited, corporate reports encompassing the social, environmental and economic dimension.  Furthermore, additional work is needed on the areas of macro-social accounting and externalities in order to develop a comprehensive framework.

75 FR 48336 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 39, Subsequent Events...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-10

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard 39, Subsequent Events: Codification of Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards Contained in the AICPA Statement on Auditing Standards and Technical Release 12, Accrual Estimates for Grant...

78 FR 42521 - Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 45 and Scheduled Public...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-16

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Issuance of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 45 and Scheduled Public Hearing AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board... Financial Accounting Standard 45, Deferral of the Transition to Basic Information for Long-Term Projections...

76 FR 53377 - Cost Accounting Standards; Allocation of Home Office Expenses to Segments

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-26

... OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Office of Federal Procurement Policy 48 CFR Part 9904 Cost Accounting Standards; Allocation of Home Office Expenses to Segments AGENCY: Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards Board (Board). ACTION...

Accounting for quality: on the relationship between accounting and quality improvement in healthcare.

Science.gov (United States)

Pflueger, Dane

2015-04-23

Accounting-that is, standardized measurement, public reporting, performance evaluation and managerial control-is commonly seen to provide the core infrastructure for quality improvement in healthcare. Yet, accounting successfully for quality has been a problematic endeavor, often producing dysfunctional effects. This has raised questions about the appropriate role for accounting in achieving quality improvement. This paper contributes to this debate by contrasting the specific way in which accounting is understood and operationalized for quality improvement in the UK National Health Service (NHS) with findings from the broadly defined 'social studies of accounting' literature and illustrative examples. This paper highlights three significant differences between the way that accounting is understood to operate in the dominant health policy discourse and recent healthcare reforms, and in the social studies of accounting literature. It shows that accounting does not just find things out, but makes them up. It shows that accounting is not simply a matter of substance, but of style. And it shows that accounting does not just facilitate, but displaces, control. The illumination of these differences in the way that accounting is conceptualized helps to diagnose why accounting interventions often fail to produce the quality improvements that were envisioned. This paper concludes that accounting is not necessarily incompatible with the ambition of quality improvement, but that it would need to be understood and operationalized in new ways in order to contribute to this end. Proposals for this new way of advancing accounting are discussed. They include the cultivation of overlapping and even conflicting measures of quality, the evaluation of accounting regimes in terms of what they do to practice, and the development of distinctively skeptical calculative cultures.

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF A COMPANY.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANA - MARIA MĂLĂESCU

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The accounting standardization process is in progress at international and regional level, more and more countries have reached the same conclusion of enforcing high quality accounting standards like IAS / IFRS. There are various reasons for Romania adopting the international accounting referential most of them subordinated to its central aim, respectively EU accession. In our country the accounting system is subordinated to the taxation system, financing still comes prevalent from banks and very few Romanian companies are listed on foreign capital markets. Romania is an ex-communist emergent country in wich changes in the economic and political environment merely started only after the end of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Many European companies already observed that by enforcing IFRS standards they have access to international capital markets, they could reduce expenses and unroll international transactions easier. It is improbable that a financial reporting, which is not easy understood by all its users, would offer new business opportunities or additional capital.Therefore, a significant number of companies, either voluntarily enforce IFRS standards, or they are pledged by the government to do this.

Driving Strategic Risk Planning With Predictive Modelling For Managerial Accounting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Steen; Pontoppidan, Iens Christian

for managerial accounting and shows how it can be used to determine the impact of different types of risk assessment input parameters on the variability of important outcome measures. The purpose is to: (i) point out the theoretical necessity of a stochastic risk framework; (ii) present a stochastic framework......Currently, risk management in management/managerial accounting is treated as deterministic. Although it is well-known that risk estimates are necessarily uncertain or stochastic, until recently the methodology required to handle stochastic risk-based elements appear to be impractical and too...... mathematical. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to “make the risk concept procedural and analytical” and to argue that accountants should now include stochastic risk management as a standard tool. Drawing on mathematical modelling and statistics, this paper methodically develops risk analysis approach...

The Effects of Increased Accountability Standards on Graduation Rates for Students with Disabilities

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Mitzi Lee

2012-01-01

This research sought to determine if unintended effects of increased accountability standards on graduation rates for students with disabilities existed. Data from one southeastern state were utilized in order to determine if graduation rates were impacted as a result of higher accountability standards. In addition, administrator attitudes on…

76 FR 79545 - Cost Accounting Standards: Change to the CAS Applicability Threshold for the Inflation Adjustment...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-22

... Cost Accounting Standards: Change to the CAS Applicability Threshold for the Inflation Adjustment to... Federal Procurement Policy, Cost Accounting Standards Board. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board (Board), has adopted, without...

Accounting for the NCEA : Has the Transition to Standards-based Assessment Achieved its Objectives?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen Agnew

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This paper identifies trends in secondary school accounting participation and achievement during the firstfive years of the full implementation of the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA in NewZealand schools. NCEA marks a shift from a norm-referenced assessment regime to standards-basedassessment. Literature suggests that standards-based assessment increases the academic performance ofminority ethnic groups (such as Maori and Pacific Island students, and low socio-economic status (SESstudents. The author pays particular attention to these groups and his analysis reveals some interestingresults: in accounting, the NCEA has not met expectations for these students. From 2004 to 2008, thenumber of low SES accounting students has dropped, as has the number of accounting standards entered andthe rates of achievement. Likewise, there has been no significant improvement in the academic performanceof Maori students taking accounting standards, while Pacific Island students have experienced a significantdecrease in achievement. The author also discusses how studying high school accounting impacts on tertiarylevel study and offers some future implications of this research.

Can An Amended Standard Model Account For Cold Dark Matter?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldhaber, Maurice

2004-01-01

It is generally believed that one has to invoke theories beyond the Standard Model to account for cold dark matter particles. However, there may be undiscovered universal interactions that, if added to the Standard Model, would lead to new members of the three generations of elementary fermions that might be candidates for cold dark matter particles

The Recognition Principles In Financial Assets Within The Scope Of Accounting Standards

OpenAIRE

Fındık, Hakkı

2016-01-01

The development of financial markets created variety in financial instruments. The international accounting / financial reports standards which aim at providing international integration in accounting applications and financial reporting have a complex content in the standards concerning financial instruments. With the TFRS 9 project which was planned to put into practice as far 2015 but postponed to 2018, it is intended to eliminate this complexity. The purpose of this study is to handle the...

Accounting Standards and Market Value of Firms with Pension Plans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Paralta

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This article investigates the impact of the adoption of International Accounting Standards on the market value of non-financial listed firms of the Euronext Lisbon Stock Exchange, in the PSI-20. The study of the impact of these standards is focused on the items of the Financial Statements, particularly on items subjected to the criteria of the fair value of assets and liabilities of pensions. Most of these companies have obligations to pay annuity benefits, particularly for retirement, which are managed by outsourced independent companies, such as pension funds and life insurance companies. By using a panel of the largest non-financial companies during the period 2004-2010, the results show that the setting of the fair value of those liabilities in the post-2005 period affects the market value of firms, not only on account of the adoption of the standards, but also due to the effect of the 2008 stock market crash.

48 CFR 9904.412 - Cost accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost. 9904.412 Section 9904.412 Federal Acquisition...

Tangible fixed assets of a company pursuant to the czech accounting law and international accounting standards

OpenAIRE

Patrik Svoboda; Emil Svoboda

2007-01-01

The valuation of assets is a challenging activity as well as a scientific discipline having an impact on the amount of the reported assets and economic result process. The report deals with the issue of valuation of the tangible fixed assets in the accounting entities compiling the financial statements pursuant to the Czech national legislation and in conformity with the requirements of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The substantial differences in the definitions...

The other shoe drops--FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issues its proposed statement on employers' accounting for postretirement medical benefits.

Science.gov (United States)

Melbinger, M S

1989-06-01

The Financial Accounting Standards Board recently issued an exposure draft dealing with employers' accounting for postretirement medical or life insurance benefits. Mr. Melbinger explains the implications of these proposed changes in accounting procedures and discusses the status of case law dealing with employers' rights to modify or terminate retiree medical coverage.

International accounting standards and their effect on mergers and acquisitions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blanca I. Vega Castro

2007-09-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to investigate whether the international accounting harmonization has favored the globalization process. This investigation examined the relationship between international accounting standards and the international merger and acquisition activities in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, México, Peru and Venezuela from 1995 to 2004. This research tested four hypotheses and used analytics such as panel data analysis, correlation, nonparametric tests and logistic regression.

What You Measure Is What You Get. The Effects of Accounting Standards Effects Studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koenigsgruber, R.; Gross, C.

2012-01-01

The UK's Accounting Standards Board and the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group have published a discussion paper entitled 'Considering the Effects of Accounting Standards'. While the effort to think through potential consequences of proposed regulatory acts in advance is welcome, we argue

A Study of the Impact of the Lack of a Cost Accounting Standards Board.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-06-01

California 00 ,: SE P 9 7 THESIS SE& A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE LACK OF A COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD by James F. Sumner, III June 1987 Thesis...O’ATON COSA1. CODES 16 SuB,*CT j’J.45 Comr~nue n- p.ono ol neeeterV ani denltiy by flO(k f1LrmbCr) E,) ROUP StA IRucost accounting , cost accounting ...thesis has two purposes. First, it attempts to determine whether the absence of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) has given rise to any areas

Discourse Surrounding the International Education Standards for Professional Accountants (IES): A Content Analysis Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Sugahara, Satoshi; Wilson, Rachel

2013-01-01

The development and implementation of the International Education Standards (IES) for professional accountants is currently an important issue in accounting education and for educators interested in a shift toward international education standards more broadly. The purpose of this study is to investigate professional and research discourse…

48 CFR 9905.502 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose by...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... 9905.502 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST...

The Role of Management as a User of Accounting Information: Implications for Standard Setting

OpenAIRE

Brigitte EIERLE; Wolfgang SCHULTZE

2013-01-01

The aim of this paper is to analyze the question of whether the sole focus of standard setters developing accounting standards that are useful to external users for making decisions about providing resources to the entity result in useful accounting information. To answer this question, we analyzed the relationship between the stewardship function of financial accounting and the demand for information useful in making economic decisions on resource allocation (decision-making demand; decision...

FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT OF INSURANCE ORGANIZATIONS IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

А. Sholoiko

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Features of accounting and audit of insurance organizations in Ukraine that are based on the specific characteristics of the insurance activity and legislation are considered. The main of them are the next: the proper organization of accounting is a necessary condition of the activity of the financial institution; there are three groups of requirements to accounting of insurer, including: accounting of contracts; accounting of insurance reserves, formation financial reports in the Ukrainian insurance legislation; the use of IFRS instead of national accounting standards in preparing financial reports of insurance organizations in Ukraine is obligatory and despite of this compilation of primary documents and application of National Chart of Accounts by insurance organizations of Ukraine remains mandatory; it is necessary to follow the frequency of reporting according to national legislation; insurance companies are classified as institutions that must necessarily publish annual financial statements together with the auditor’s report about its accuracy, and this category of institutions are prohibited from using such form of organization of accounting and reporting as directly by the owner or the head of organization; audit of the annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements of insurance companies is mandatory and conducted in accordance with International quality control, auditing, review, other assurance, and related services pronouncements which adopted as national auditing standards by the Audit Chamber of Ukraine. These generalizations are done to make possible the further investigations of developing and improving in this field.

Accounting standards for small and medium-sized entities. Evidence from Spain

OpenAIRE

Milanés Montero Patricia; Albarrán Lozano Irene; Texeira Quirós Joaquín; Esteban Pérez Calderón

2011-01-01

By approving Regulation 1606/2002, the European Commission entrusts the local European Union regulators with the difficult decision as to whether making the International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS) extensive for their Small and Medium sized Entities or not. International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sizzed Entities (hereinafter IFRS for SMEs) was published in 2009, and the European Commission had also decided to seek the opinion of EU stakeholders on this Standard. W...

CLAIM (CLinical Accounting InforMation)--an XML-based data exchange standard for connecting electronic medical record systems to patient accounting systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Jinqiu; Takada, Akira; Tanaka, Koji; Sato, Junzo; Suzuki, Muneou; Takahashi, Kiwamu; Daimon, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Toshiaki; Nakashima, Yusei; Araki, Kenji; Yoshihara, Hiroyuki

2005-08-01

With the evolving and diverse electronic medical record (EMR) systems, there appears to be an ever greater need to link EMR systems and patient accounting systems with a standardized data exchange format. To this end, the CLinical Accounting InforMation (CLAIM) data exchange standard was developed. CLAIM is subordinate to the Medical Markup Language (MML) standard, which allows the exchange of medical data among different medical institutions. CLAIM uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a meta-language. The current version, 2.1, inherited the basic structure of MML 2.x and contains two modules including information related to registration, appointment, procedure and charging. CLAIM 2.1 was implemented successfully in Japan in 2001. Consequently, it was confirmed that CLAIM could be used as an effective data exchange format between EMR systems and patient accounting systems.

Accounting for financial investments according to international and national accounting standards and financial reporting: a comparative aspect

OpenAIRE

Здреник, Василь Степанович; Рафальська, Наталія Олександрівна

2012-01-01

The main aspects of accounting for financial investments according to  national and international standards have been considered, as well as differences between them have been revealed and solutions to these issues have been offered

The adoption of ‘International Accounting Standard (IAS 12 Income Taxes’: Convergence or divergence with local accounting standards in selected ASEAN countries?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prem W.S. Yapa

2015-09-01

Full Text Available This article concerns inter-disciplinary research on questions about the socio-economic impact of the adoption and convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS with local standards in selected countries. The article approaches the research in two stages. The first stage concerns the findings and analysis relating to the general impact of the IFRS standards on Singapore and Malaysia. Findings reveal that respondents expressed reservations about cited IFRS adoption benefits, including increases of foreign investment and equity cost reductions; and stakeholder confidence has been eroded by the complex harmonising of principles-based ‘fair value’ requirements. Debate continues on the application of IFRS regarding standards on financial instruments, real estate and agriculture. Our qualitative research methodology of survey uses institutional theory and stakeholder theory for analysis. The second stage posits further research for IAS12 Income Taxes, given accounting standards are one starting point for tax compliance, and that income taxes form part of financial statements. A test questionnaire was prepared and industry respondents were asked questions on the extent of IAS12’s challenges to practitioners in Australia.

The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards Convergence on U. S. Accounting Curriculum

Science.gov (United States)

Bates, Homer L.; Waldrup, Bobby E.; Shea, Vincent

2011-01-01

Major changes are coming to U.S. financial accounting and accounting education as U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS) converge within the next few years. In 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published a proposed "road map" for the potential…

Determining a Consistent Set of Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards

OpenAIRE

Anne Le Manh-Béna; Olivier Ramond

2011-01-01

Following the debate on the Conceptual Framework revision undertaken by the IASB and the FASB, this paper discusses three major concerns about the way financial reporting standards should be determined: (1) What is the role a Conceptual Framework?; (2) For whom and for which needs are accounting and financial reporting standards made?; and (3) What information set should financial reporting provide? We show that the perceived need of a Framework has resulted in practice in weak usefulness We ...

Reflections of Turkish accounting and financial reporting standards on vocational school students: A research on comparing perceptions of intermediate and mid-level accounting professional candidates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seldüz Hakan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This research aims to compare the perceptions of intermediate and mid-level accounting professional candidates on accounting and financial reporting standards. A significant part of accounting process is carried out by vocational school graduate intermediate and mid-level accounting professionals. However, it can be claimed that adequate education about accounting and financial reporting standards isn’t given in vocational schools although these standards structure the whole accounting process. A survey is conducted over students of the related vocational school in Aksaray University. The results indicate no significant difference on students’ perceptions in terms of their school year, high school type, job or internship experience and intention to perform the profession after graduation. These results can be traced to inadequacy of present curriculums and internship programs which can’t create a difference. Based on the results, the content of internship applications is rearranged and an optional subject named as “Accounting and Reporting Standards” is established.

Accounting and Co-constructing: The Development of a Standard for Electronic Health Records

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bossen, Claus

2011-01-01

care services, cooperation between staff and make patient records immediately and accessible to distributed actors. Investments also have the aims of making health care services more accountable, integrated and increase quality and efficiency. This paper analyses a Danish national standard...... for electronic health records on the basis of an application prototype test build on that standard. The analysis shows that inscribed in the standard is an ambition to make staff and health care services more accountable at the cost of more work, loss of overview and fragmentation of patient cases. Significantly......, despite the standard having been conceived and developed in a process of co-construction with clinicians, clinicians did not find it adequate for their work. The analysis argues this was the result of the model of work embedded in the standard coming from a stance from without practice. Subsequently...

48 CFR 9904.414 - Cost accounting standard-cost of money as an element of the cost of facilities capital.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING...

76 FR 50117 - Commission Rules and Forms Related to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-12

.... generally accepted accounting principles (``U.S. GAAP''). Statement No. 168 became effective for financial... Codification'' is a registered trademark of the Financial Accounting Foundation. DATES: Effective Date: August... accounting principles established by a standard-setting body that meets specified criteria. On April 25, 2003...

ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF TAXES ON INCOME: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CHANGE IN THE BRAZILIAN STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarso Rocha Lula Pereira

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The corporate accounting has as one of its sub area the tax area. The Brazilian Securities Commission issued the Deliberation 273/1998 and 599/2009, and the Federal Accounting Council, adopted Resolution 998/2004 and 1189/2009. Moreover, the Accounting Pronouncements Committee approved the statement 32/2009, all those dealing with income taxes, however, only the CPC 32, the Resolution 1189/2009 and the Resolution 599/2009 have been edited based on the International Accounting Standards 12 of the International Accounting Standards Board. All of these standards rule on the same subject, share substantial differences, but do not have the same structure. Thus, the aim of this work is to verify whether the update of accounting rules are consistent with IAS 12. The work is important to confirm how the Brazilian rules can contribute to the objective of the accounting science. It is a qualitative study and descriptive analysis.

Accounting and strategising

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Brian; Messner, Martin

2010-01-01

This paper explores the relationship between accounting and strategy in a context that is characterised by pluralistic demands and high uncertainty about outcomes. By way of an ethnographic field study in an R&D intensive company, we analyse new product development (NPD) projects and the way...... in which decisions and practices concerning these projects are accounted for. Building upon a practice theory perspective, we find that actors account for the appropriateness of NPD practices not only or primarily on the basis of accounting information, but also by "strategising", i.e. by mobilising...... different strategic objectives to which these practices are supposed to contribute. We argue that this has to do with the ambiguous demands on NPD and the limits of calculability inherent in NPD design decisions. At the same time, accounting information is not necessarily irrelevant in such a case; it can...

Fair value and accounting standard for financial instrument

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Holban (Oncioiu Ionica

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The measurement of assets and liabilities at fair value, with its subsequent gains or lossesrecognized in profit or loss, should be limited to financial investments that are readily convertible into cash orcash equivalents in active markets, and are not constrained by any business purpose. On the other hand, eventhough assets and liabilities are exposed to changes in the market price, those that are expected to obtainfuture funds and are constrained by some business purpose (non-financial investments should not bemeasured at fair value through profit and loss. Under the Accounting Standard for Financial Instruments, fairvalue measurement is required in certain circumstances similar to IFRS or US GAAP. This paper describeshow the fair value is used under the Standard and purposes to decide whether fair value measurement isrequired or not based on the type of investment.

The impact of principles-based versus rules-based accounting standards on auditors' motivations and evidence demands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Peytcheva, M.; Majoor, G.C.M. (Barbara); Wright, A.M.

2014-01-01

Auditing research has investigated the effects of different accounting standards on auditors' decisions to constrain aggressive reporting by clients. Missing from this literature is evidence on how the type of accounting standard influences auditors' cognitive motivations and demand for audit

Croatia - Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2007-01-01

This report provides an updated assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Croatia. It uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and the relevant portions of European Union (EU) law (also known as the acquis communautaire). Croatia has made co...

THE PARTICIPATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENTITIES ON THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD ABOUT INTANGIBLE ASSETS

OpenAIRE

Salaroli, Abner Ribeiro; de Almeida, José Elias Feres; Gama, Janyluce Rezende

2015-01-01

The public accounting follows the same direction of financial accounting on the search for convergence to international standards, where IFAC is the body responsible for issuing international standards of public accounting. In this context, this study aims to analyze the process of development of the international public accounting standard about public intangible assets. The analysis was performed based on the suggestions available in comment letters sent to the consultation process. As a th...

Peculiarities of the Application of Income Tax Standards by the Subsidiary Company in the Russian Accounting Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Ermakova, Natalya A.; Gudshatullaeva, Elena M.

2016-01-01

The aim of this work is to analyze the application practice of accounting regulation provision of subsidiary company "Accounting of settlements on income tax" (AR 18/02) and correlation of methodology of formed indicators with standards of International Accounting Standards (IAS) 12 "Income taxes" at formation of the…

Social responsibility standards and global environmental accountability : a developing country perspective

OpenAIRE

Bhanu Murthy, K.V.

2007-01-01

This paper argues that accountability, responsibility and governance go hand in hand. Evolving standards is a part of governance. Unless such a global perspective is adopted “Social Responsibility and the implications for Developing Countries”, which is the theme for this workshop, cannot be unraveled. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how Social Responsibility Standards and their relation to environmental sustainability cannot be addressed without relating it to Global Environmental ...

How to Integrate International Financial Reporting Standards into Accounting Programs

Science.gov (United States)

Singer, Robert A.

2012-01-01

It is expected the SEC will require U.S. domestic companies to prepare and file their annual 10Ks in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS) by 2016. Given the probability that the FASB-IASB convergence project (i.e., Norwalk Agreement) will continue subsequent to mandatory adoption, US accounting programs will be…

IMPROVING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST CALCULATION IN DAIRY INDUSTRY USING STANDARD COST METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogdănoiu Cristiana-Luminiţa

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to discuss issues related to the improvement of management accounting in the dairy industry by implementing standard cost method. The methods used today do not provide informational satisfaction to managers in order to conduct effectively production activities, which is why we attempted the standard cost method, it responding to the managers needs to obtain the efficiency of production, and all economic entities. The method allows an operative control of how they consume manpower and material resources by pursuing distinct, permanent and complete deviations during the activity and not at the end of the reporting period. Successful implementation of the standard method depends on the accuracy by which standards are developed and promotes consistently anticipated calculation of production costs as well as determination, tracking and controlling deviations from them, leads to increased practical value of accounting information and business improvement.

Environmental accounting and statistics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartelmus, P.L.P.

1992-01-01

The objective of sustainable development is to integrate environmental concerns with mainstream socio-economic policies. Integrated policies need to be supported by integrated data. Environmental accounting achieves this integration by incorporating environmental costs and benefits into conventional national accounts. Modified accounting aggregates can thus be used in defining and measuring environmentally sound and sustainable economic growth. Further development objectives need to be assessed by more comprehensive, though necessarily less integrative, systems of environmental statistics and indicators. Integrative frameworks for the different statistical systems in the fields of economy, environment and population would facilitate the provision of comparable data for the analysis of integrated development. (author). 19 refs, 2 figs, 2 tabs

Cape Verde Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2012-01-01

This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) provides an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing financial reporting infrastructure that underpins financial accounting and auditing practices in Cape Verde. The assessment focuses on six pillars of financial reporting infrastructure: statutory framework, professional education and training, accountancy profe...

The Current G20 Taxation Agenda: Compliance, Accountability and Legitimacy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dries Lesage

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the recent G20 initiatives on taxation, more precisely on “base erosion and profit shifting” (BEPS in the area of corporate taxation and the new G20 norm of automatic exchange of information (AEoI with regard to foreign accounts. After having reflected on the special relationship between the G20 and the OECD, the discussion proceeds through the lens of compliance, accountability and legitimacy. In terms of compliance, the G20 is still in the phase of delivering as a group on recent promises with regard to global standard setting. Compliance to these standards by G20 member states (and third countries is expected to start in the coming years. As to accountability, the G20 and OECD already have ample experience with the peer-review process and public reporting on the G20/OECD standard of information exchange upon request. For AEoI and BEPS the OECD will be designated as the prime mechanism to monitor compliance as well. Both initiatives, which are attempts at universal governance, suffer from legitimacy issues, more precisely because the G20 and OECD exclude most developing countries. Moreover, the policy outputs are not necessarily adjusted to developing countries’ needs and interests. Since a few years, both G20 and OECD attempt to address this issue through institutional fixes, extensive consultations with developing countries and modifications at the level of content.

The Accounting Standardization System in Portugal and Its First-Time Adoption Effects in the Olive and Cork Tree Cultures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonas da Silva Oliveira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This study examines the quantitative impact of the first-time adoption of the Portuguese Accounting Standardization System on individual annual reports of Portuguese unlisted companies in the cork and olive tree culture sector. Findings indicate that the items which showed significant changes in the transition from the previous accounting frame of reference to the Portuguese Accounting Standardization System are mainly those regarding to biological assets, inventories, liabilities, current ratio, and return on assets. The adoption of the Portuguese Accounting Standardization System has led generally to less conservative accounting practices, indicating that characteristics of code-law countries such as cultural aspects and country enforcement regimes did not influence the adoption of IAS/IFRS-based accounting standards by Portuguese unlisted companies in the cork and olive tree culture sectors.

25 CFR 547.9 - What are the minimum technical standards for Class II gaming system accounting functions?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... gaming system accounting functions? 547.9 Section 547.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION... accounting functions? This section provides standards for accounting functions used in Class II gaming systems. (a) Required accounting data.The following minimum accounting data, however named, shall be...

The unstable core of global finance: contingent valuation and governance of international accounting standards

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mügge, D.; Stellinga, B.

2015-01-01

Accounting standards are the foundations of the financial regulatory edifice, and global financial governance is no more stable than the asset valuations that feed it. Yet for two decades and up to this day, no international accounting rule for financial instruments - the bulk of banks' balance

75 FR 25981 - Cost Accounting Standards: Harmonization of Cost Accounting Standards 412 and 413 With the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-10

... case the pension plan and trust) will continue in business, and follows accrual accounting principles... for the forward-pricing of Government contracts over the near future. Financial statement accounting... financial accounting theory and reporting as well as Congressional changes to ERISA. After considering the...

Fusion reactor design studies: standard accounts for cost estimates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulte, S.C.; Willke, T.L.; Young, J.R.

1978-05-01

The fusion reactor design studies--standard accounts for cost estimates provides a common format from which to assess the economic character of magnetically confined fusion reactor design concepts. The format will aid designers in the preparation of design concept costs estimates and also provide policymakers with a tool to assist in appraising which design concept may be economically promising. The format sets forth a categorization and accounting procedure to be used when estimating fusion reactor busbar energy cost that can be easily and consistently applied. Reasons for developing the procedure, explanations of the procedure, justifications for assumptions made in the procedure, and the applicability of the procedure are described in this document. Adherence to the format when evaluating prospective fusion reactor design concepts will result in the identification of the more promising design concepts thus enabling the fusion power alternatives with better economic potential to be quickly and efficiently developed

Reporting of tangible fixed assets pursuant to the Czech accounting law and International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP

OpenAIRE

Patrik Svoboda

2007-01-01

The valuation of assets is a relatively challenging activity as well as a scientific discipline having an impact on the amount of the reported assets and economic result process. The report deals with the issue of valuation of the tangible fixed assets in the accounting entities compiling the financial statements pursuant to the Czech national legislation and in conformity with the requirements of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The substantial differences in the ...

Deciding Who Decides Questions at the Intersection of School Finance Reform Litigation and Standards-Based Accountability Policies

Science.gov (United States)

Superfine, Benjamin Michael

2009-01-01

Courts hearing school finance reform cases have recently begun to consider several issues related to standards-based accountability policies. This convergence of school finance reform litigation and standards-based accountability policies represents a chance for the courts to reallocate decision-making authority for each type of reform across the…

The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards on Accounting Curriculum in the United States

Science.gov (United States)

Yallapragada, RamMohan R.; Toma, Alfred G.; Roe, C. William

2011-01-01

According to the time line presently specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), business firms in the United States (US) should switch from the existing US accounting reporting guidelines of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the year 2014. The US business…

Process Accounting

OpenAIRE

Gilbertson, Keith

2002-01-01

Standard utilities can help you collect and interpret your Linux system's process accounting data. Describes the uses of process accounting, standard process accounting commands, and example code that makes use of process accounting utilities.

75 FR 82417 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Rules on Auditing Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-30

... Standards Board (``ASB'') of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants); and observations from... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63606; File No. PCAOB 2010-01] Public Company.... Introduction On September 15, 2010, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the ``Board'' or the ``PCAOB...

Environmental audits: Tax, accounting and disclosure issues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MacKnight, R.

1991-01-01

An overview is presented of the financial and legal issues associated with environmental audits, with an emphasis on tax issues. Accelerated depreciation write-offs are provided for qualified pollution control equipment, and may also qualify for tax credits. The Accounting Standards Committee recommends that provision should be made for future removal and site restoration costs and net of expected recoveries, in a rational and systematic manner by charges to income. Under the Federal Income Tax Act (ITA), future reclamation and shutdown costs will only be deductible if they pass three hurdles: a liability which requires the expenditure of funds in the future may not necessarily be an expense; if the liability can be viewed as an expense, is it incurred for the purpose of gaining or producing income; and is a deduction prohibited because it is on account of capital. A proposed solution to these problems is to adopt the US model that allows the deduction of estimated costs of reclaiming land that is disturbed during the current year at mines and waste disposal sites. Tax treatment of compliance costs, securities law disclosure, proposed federal government policies, proposed regulatory measures, and proposed fiscal measures are discussed

Defining Strong State Accountability Systems: How Can Better Standards Gain Greater Traction? A First Look

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Eileen; Scull, Janie; Slicker, Gerilyn; Winkler, Amber M.

2012-01-01

Rigorous standards and aligned assessments are vital tools for boosting education outcomes but they have little traction without strong accountability systems that attach consequences to performance. In this pilot study, Eileen Reed, Janie Scull, Gerilyn Slicker, and Amber Winkler lay out the essential features of such accountability systems,…

A Study on Financial Reporting Standards and Accounting Quality- Evidence from China

Science.gov (United States)

Liou, Cheng-Hwai

2013-02-01

According to institutional theorists, the forms and business models of corporation are mainly shaped by factors such as politics, regulations, social norms and cultures. This paper examines how the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and institutional environment influence the accounting quality, in response to the threat of political extraction in China. We took mainland China as an example instead in our study, following the accounting quality definition of Barth et al. [2], we found that the developments of Chinese government performance audit are conspicuously different by region; to reflect such differences, we elaborated our research by dividing mainland China into 31 categories (provinces or cities). We set 2003-2010 as the time horizon for this study. After testing the Regression model, our empirical research achieved two conclusions: 1) IFRS adoption in China should significantly improve the accounting quality, and 2) IFRS and institutional environment should synthetically influence the quality of accounting as well.

Towards an integral analysis of stereotypes: Challenging the standard guarantee of impartiality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Clérico

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The use of stereotypes to the detriment of the discriminated group should imply questioning the standard guarantee of judicial impartiality. Even taking the analysis of stereotypes seriously, the depth of its consequences has not been sufficiently taken into account in the constitutional and human rights argumentation because it has not challenged with all intensity the standard way in which the guarantee of impartiality is conceived and applied in legal practice and even by the regional court for the protection of human rights. I will defend two central theses: (1 the use of stereotypes necessarily impacts on the analysis of the guarantee of impartiality and (2 impartiality must get rid of the presumption of impartiality.

Improving accountability in vaccine decision-making.

Science.gov (United States)

Timmis, James Kenneth; Black, Steven; Rappuoli, Rino

2017-11-01

Healthcare decisions, in particular those affecting entire populations, should be evidence-based and taken by decision-makers sharing broad alignment with affected stakeholders. However, criteria, priorities and procedures for decision-making are sometimes non-transparent, frequently vary considerably across equivalent decision-bodies, do not always consider the broader benefits of new health-measures, and therefore do not necessarily adequately represent the relevant stakeholder-spectrum. Areas covered: To address these issues in the context of the evaluation of new vaccines, we have proposed a first baseline set of core evaluation criteria, primarily selected by members of the vaccine research community, and suggested their implementation in vaccine evaluation procedures. In this communication, we review the consequences and utility of stakeholder-centered core considerations to increase transparency in and accountability of decision-making procedures, in general, and of the benefits gained by their inclusion in Multi-Criteria-Decision-Analysis tools, exemplified by SMART Vaccines, specifically. Expert commentary: To increase effectiveness and comparability of health decision outcomes, decision procedures should be properly standardized across equivalent (national) decision bodies. To this end, including stakeholder-centered criteria in decision procedures would significantly increase their transparency and accountability, support international capacity building to improve health, and reduce societal costs and inequity resulting from suboptimal health decision-making.

Layering of IFRS and Dual Institutionality of Accounting Standards in Belarus

OpenAIRE

Alexander, David; Alon, Anna

2017-01-01

Submitted version of an article published in the journal Accounting in Europe. There is an ongoing debate about the applicability and efficacy of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in countries with diverse institutional infrastructures. We examine financial reporting in Belarus and factors that are shaping its development. In Belarus, IFRS has been adopted through layering where it is an additional requirement to the existing reporting specified by the national ac...

Recognition of the Factoring Contracts within the scope of Turkey Accounting Standards with regard to the Buyer and Seller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Birsel Sabuncu

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In this study giving general information about factoring, which is an alternative financing technique, regarding the recognition of the factoring transactions within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards, by presenting a sample application in particular regard of an export transaction in relation to the accounting records which have to be done by the company that gives factoring service and receives the factoring service, a contribution to the accounting literature is put forward. In the study, it is shown that, even though the Uniform Accounting Plan which the factoring companies and the companies which use a factoring service in their accounting records differ from each other, recognition of it within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards is a basis. The fundamental principle of the accounting records of the company which assigns the receivables that generate from the exporting by entering into an agreement of factoring is the recognition of the income according to the fair value, by reflecting the amount which the income waits to gain the when assigning, and by separating the income which is actualised and not actualised. Keywords: Factoring, factoring transactions, Turkish Accounting Standards

Valuation and creative accounting

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Maria Madalina VOINEA

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the economic and financial valuation, that is the only type of valuation, based on a diagnosis and expertise, which has as objective to establish the market value of elements, whether goods or businesses, being a "orientation tool" for the economic operators on the market. There are specific means to measure value but there are also some mechanisms that can influence the value obtained, from the category of creative accounting. Creative accounting occurs due to human intervention and even the most advanced accounting systems are not able to do this due to the lack of reasoning. There must be also assumed that it is possible that these creative accounting techniques may be caused by a simple mistake and not necessarily with the intention of manipulating the financial results and reports. The aim of the paper is to see how specific element valuation can influence the general one, namely the value of a company.

Comments on the Joint Proposed Rulemaking to Establish Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wenzel, Thomas P

2009-10-27

I appreciate the opportunity to provide comments on the joint rulemaking to establish greenhouse gas emission and fuel economy standards for light-duty vehicles. My comments are directed at the choice of vehicle footprint as the attribute by which to vary fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards, in the interest of protecting vehicle occupants from death or serious injury. I have made several of these points before when commenting on previous NHTSA rulemakings regarding CAFE standards and safety. The comments today are mine alone, and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, or the University of California. My comments can be summarized as follows: (1) My updated analysis of casualty risk finds that, after accounting for drivers and crash location, there is a wide range in casualty risk for vehicles with the same weight or footprint. This suggests that reducing vehicle weight or footprint will not necessarily result in increased fatalities or serious injuries. (2) Indeed, the recent safety record of crossover SUVs indicates that weight reduction in this class of vehicles resulted in a reduction in fatality risks. (3) Computer crash simulations can pinpoint the effect of specific design changes on vehicle safety; these analyses are preferable to regression analyses, which rely on historical vehicle designs, and cannot fully isolate the effect of specific design changes, such as weight reduction, on crash outcomes. (4) There is evidence that automakers planned to build more large light trucks in response to the footprint-based light truck CAFE standards. Such an increase in the number of large light trucks on the road may decrease, rather than increase, overall safety.

IRBA SERIES : Accounting In Japan

OpenAIRE

Arai, Kiyomitsu

1994-01-01

Preface / Legal and Conceptual Framework of Accounting in Japan / Setting Accounting Standards in Japan - The American Influence and The Present Status / Accounting Education and Profession in Japan / The International Harmonization of Accounting Standards / The Accounting Standard Setting in Japan and Its Responses to International Accounting Standards / Selected Bibliography for Accounting in Japan

Analysis of Possibilities of Detectnig the Manipulation of Financial Statements in Terms of the IFRS and Czech Accounting Standards

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Zita Drábková

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The main objective of financial statements is to give information. The diversity of interests and objectives of individual groups of users and creators of financial statements presents the risk of manipulation of financial statements in the context of true and fair view as defined in the national accounting legislation. The paper is concerned with the different possibilities of detecting the manipulation of financial statements in terms of the Czech Accounting Standards and IFRS. The paper analyzes the selected risk detection models of the manipulation of financial statements using creative accounting methods, off-balance sheet financing methods and accounting frauds in specific case studies of selected accounting unit in terms of Czech accounting standards. Based on the analysis and comparison of the results thereof, the paper presents and evaluates the alternatives of users of financial statements to evaluate the risk of manipulation of financial statements beyond the scope of a fair and true view. The evaluation further includes a comparison of uses of these models with respect to the International Financial Reporting Standards.

The role of enterprise resource planning (ERP system in advancing the country of Jordan towards international standard accounting practices and accounting mechanisms

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Hussein Mohammed Alrabba

2017-03-01

Accounting sector. The proposition is thusly tested by the overall results from bucketing and ANOVA of Jordanian Bromine and Arab Potash companies conducted surveys. The research methodology quantitatively utilized Jordanian Bromine Company and Arab Potash Company companies to test whether the was any role played by Enterprise resource planning, commonly abbreviated as (ERP, system in advancing the country of Jordan towards universal standard accounting practices and accounting mechanisms. Notably, the data as per two studies relied on for feedback on the implementation and application of the ERP paradigm/system on the structure of the Jordanian Bromine Company and Arab Potash Company companies. The final result proved true the deduction that the overall ERP structure (Enterprise Resource Planning System greatly impacted the accounting mechanisms and standards in the Jordanian organizations. Recommendations aimed at integrating different sectors in Jordan, including the Jordanian Bromine Company and Arab Potash Company companies with the banking sector and financial institutions so that the entire system can work collaboratively under the protocols, rules and requirements of the universal standard accounting practices and accounting mechanisms.

Defense Contract Audit Agency Audits of Contractor Compliance with Cost Accounting Standards

Science.gov (United States)

1999-01-11

Appendix B. Continued Need for Cost Accounting Standards Asset Valuations. GAAP requires that assets be revalued after mergers and acquisitions. If the...purchase method is used to revalue assets , depreciation and amortization costs may increase drastically to be passed on as increased costs on...contractor fully for the assets through normal depreciation . Contractor Pension Plans. Government-funded pension assets must be properly allocated

75 FR 3509 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Rules on Auditing Standard No...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-21

... Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Rules on Auditing Standard No. 7, Engagement Quality... (the ``Commission'') a notice (the ``Notice'') of proposed rules (File No. PCAOB-2009-02) on Auditing... identify any significant engagement deficiencies before it issues its audit report. Auditing Standard No. 7...

Meeting Threshold Learning Standards through Self-Management in Group Oral Presentations: Observations on Accounting Postgraduate Students

Science.gov (United States)

Shauki, Elvia R.; Benzie, Helen

2017-01-01

This study explores the development of student self-management skills through an oral presentation task. It is motivated by the challenge to maintain consistent quality in students' oral skills and to incorporate national accounting curriculum requirements for threshold learning standards into an accounting subject. The study has been conducted in…

ACCOUNTING ISSUES CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN WINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

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Riana Iren Radu

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Agriculture is an important part of the global economy. Given the gap in the literature, the problems of legislation (in particular the lack of them, the controversies related to IAS 41 standard, we considered necessary to analyze problems and the way in which it it highlighted in the economy the production process of wines with different periods of aging. In Romania, agriculture is a sector with great potential, traditionally occupying an important role in the national economic structure. Thus, by adopting the accounting regulations imposed by Order no. 1802-29 December 2014 the national legislation was aligned with the European level, this framework being closer to regulations imposed by IAS 41. However, if we take into account large areas of forest cultures, vineyards or cultures purchased using foreign investment funds and the many foreign investments in livestock farms, it is expected that in the near future it will also be necessary to consider the application of this standard in Romania.In conclusion, this study is intended as a promoter of change that must occur in accordance with the current situation, supporting the idea of harmonizing the rules in effect worldwide.

The Flaws of Fragmented Financial Standard Setting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mügge, Daniel; Perry, James

2014-01-01

rating, accounting, and derivatives trading, this article demonstrates why the appropriateness of the organizational architecture of global financial governance is necessarily contingent upon one’s understanding of how financial markets work. In particular, if financial markets are not anchored......In the half decade following the 2007 financial crisis, the reform of global financial governance was driven by two separate policy debates: one on the substantive content of regulations, the other on the organizational architecture of their governance. The separation of the two debates among...... policymakers has been mirrored in academia, where postcrisis analyses of financial governance have remained detached from reinvigorated discussions about the nature of financial markets. We argue that this separation is deeply flawed. Presenting an analysis of interactions between standards for banking, credit...

A fundamentalist perspective on accounting and implications for accounting

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Guohua Jiang

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a framework for addressing normative accounting issues for reporting to shareholders. The framework is an alternative to the emerging Conceptual Framework of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The framework can be broadly characterized as a utilitarian approach to accounting standard setting. It has two main features. First, accounting is linked to valuation models under which shareholders use accounting information to values their stakes. Second, the desirable characteristics of accounting information are inferred from the demand of investors and analysts who use the information in practice. This stands in contrast to the “qualitative characteristics” in the Boards’ Framework which are embraced largely on the basis of their aesthetic appeal. These features lead to a set of broad accounting principles that resolve “recognition” and “measurement” issues at the core of the Boards’ Conceptual Framework and also the central issue of a balance sheet approach versus an income statement approach. The framework in the paper also frames the research questions for researchers interested in accounting policy.

The Social Organization of School Counseling in the Era of Standards-Based Accountability

Science.gov (United States)

Dorsey, Alexander C.

2011-01-01

The reform policies of standards-based accountability, as outlined in NCLB, impede the functioning of school counseling programs and the delivery of services to students. Although recent studies have focused on the transformation of the school counseling profession, a gap exists in the literature with regard to how the experiences of school…

IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors – A Closer Look

OpenAIRE

Muthupandian, K S

2008-01-01

The International Accounting Standards Board issued the revised version of the International Accounting Standard 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The objective of IAS 8 is to prescribe the criteria for selecting, applying and changing accounting policies, together with the accounting treatment and disclosure of changes in accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and the corrections of errors. This article presents a closer look of the standard (o...

Mind the Gap: Accounting Information Systems Curricula Development in Compliance with IFAC Standards in a Developing Country

Science.gov (United States)

Aleqab, Mahmoud Mohmad Ahmad; Nurunnabi, Mohammad; Adel, Dalia

2015-01-01

The authors examine the consistency between the current practices in designing and teaching accounting information systems (AIS) curricula and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) requirements for International Education Practice Statement 2 and International Education Standards 2. Utilizing a survey and interviews data in Jordan,…

ActuArial Accounting – A Branch of the Financial Accounting

OpenAIRE

Gheorghe V. Lepadatu; Doina Maria Tilea

2010-01-01

The opening of the accounting to the actuarial calculation is a normal consequence of its evolutive spirit. At the origin of the international accounting standards lies the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation bases: the historical cost, the current c...

Standardized facility record and report model system (FARMS) for material accounting and control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishimura, Hideo; Ihara, Hitoshi; Hisamatsu, Yoshinori.

1990-07-01

A facility in which nuclear materials are handled maintains a facility system of accounting for and control of nuclear material. Such a system contains, as one of key elements, a record and report system. This record and report information system is a rather complex one because it needs to conform to various requirements from the national or international safeguards authorities and from the plant operator who has to achieve a safe and economical operation of the plant. Therefore it is mandatory to computerize such information system. The authors have reviewed these requirements and standardized the book-keeping and reporting procedures in line with their computerization. On the basis of this result the authors have developed a computer system, FARMS, named as an acronym of standardized facility record and report model system, mainly reflecting the requirements from the national and international safeguards authorities. The development of FARMS has also been carried out as a JASPAS - Japan Support Programme for Agency Safeguards - project since 1985 and the FARMS code was demonstrated as an accountancy tool in the regional SSAC training courses held in Japan in 1985 and 1987. This report describes the standardization of a record and report system at the facility level, its computerization as a model system and the demonstration of the developed system, FARMS. (author)

RECOGNITION AND VALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN TOURISM AREA. INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

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Corina IOANĂŞ

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Consistent with the Financial Reporting Standards Board's international convergence and harmonization policy it is proposed that a new accounting regime will prescribe the financial reporting practice and minimum disclosure requirements for agricultural activities, including the fair value of biological assets. In any financial report, the inclusion of biological assets may confuse the reality of the income profit and the wealth profit. There are many reasons it may provide misleading figures, the most obvious would be because the entity may have reported the value of heritage properties that do not actually generate any income but rather they are properties, which actually generate expenses for the entity, for example in maintenance costs. For any regime that requires entities to account and report on biological assets there should be a clear classification system that takes into account the different types of ownership structures in a society. Therefore in Romania, it is important that any financial reporting regime on biological assets should provide for the difference between business assets and cultural assets.

Governmental entities accounting: domestic standards and foreign experience of preparation and presentation

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Ambarchian V.S.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of research refers to comparison of Ukrainian and the USA standards of preparation and presentation of governmental entities financial reports with the aim of implementation of foreign experience regarding financial data disclosure of a governmental entity activity in domestic reporting system of budgetary resources disposers. In order to achieve the aim the author applied the following general methods of cognition: induction, deduction, analogy, comparison, and historical one. Special economic methods include grouping, tabular, graphical, information and logical analysis. The research resulted in detailed analysis of the standards of the USA governmental entities financial reports presentation and comparison of their statements with domestic governmental accounting standards. As a result of performed research, the key differences in the Ukrainian and the USA rules of presentation of governmental entities financial reports are considered. The author determined the dependence of structure and a public level of the financial reports on the character of the state political and economic systems.

A fundamentalist perspective on accounting and implications for accounting research

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Guohua; Jiang; Stephen; Penman

2013-01-01

This paper presents a framework for addressing normative accounting issues for reporting to shareholders. The framework is an alternative to the emerging Conceptual Framework of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The framework can be broadly characterized as a utilitarian approach to accounting standard setting. It has two main features. First, accounting is linked to valuation models under which shareholders use accounting information to values their stakes. Second, the desirable characteristics of accounting information are inferred from the demand of investors and analysts who use the information in practice. This stands in contrast to the "qualitative characteristics" in the Boards’ Framework which are embraced largely on the basis of their aesthetic appeal. These features lead to a set of broad accounting principles that resolve "recognition"and "measurement" issues at the core of the Boards’ Conceptual Framework and also the central issue of a balance sheet approach versus an income statement approach. The framework in the paper also frames the research questions for researchers interested in accounting policy.

Management Control in Major Brazilian Multiple Banks: the Impact of Internationalization and Convergence of Accounting Standards on the Control Systems

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João Carlos Damasceno Reis

2014-08-01

Full Text Available This study verifies the impact caused by the processes of globalization and convergence to international accounting standards on the managerial control systems of the largest multiple banks that operate in Brazil. The study was exploratory in nature, with the use of the case study method and the application of questionnaires containing mostly open questions to upper tier executives of four major Brazilian banks. The analysis showed that globalization has resulted in improved control systems and widespread use of information technology. It was also found that the convergence to international accounting standards occurred properly, thanks to the steps taken by the Central Bank that aimed at an agile updating of the Brazilian accounting standards laid down for banks operating in Brazil, in line with international standards. In general, the researched banks did not report a significant impact of convergence to the IFRS on their management control systems; adherence to the international accounting standards has had more significant impacts on information systems, especially regarding the new reporting and transparency standards, rather than on management controls. This result signals that the management control systems of the four banks in the sample are in line with Anthony (1965’s vision, that is, that flexibility to adapt to every change in the external environment might actually increase risks of failure.

ACCOUNTING STANDARD SETTING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA: UPDATE ON THE CONVERGENCE PROJECT

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Bonaci Carmen Giorgiana

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Our paper contributes to the literature on international accounting by focusing on the standard setting process. As documented by research literature, accounting regulation can enhance corporate governance (Melis and Carta, 2010, corporate reporting being expected to reduce information asymmetry. Based on accounting research and trade literature we first synthesize recent evolutions in the international accounting arena. We therefore position our study within current realities significantly marked by uncertainty in relation to the world wide globalization process. The objective of our paper is to perform an analysis that would help assess further developments of the convergence project. This is done by looking at the current status of the projects being developed under the IASB –FASB collaboration, as well as by developing a comparison between IFRS and US GAAP. The employed research methodology relies on analyzing data provided through the IASB and the FASB’s websites, as well as other official documents being issued by the two Boards. The assessment of the projects was done by reviewing exposure documents and monitoring the Boards’ deliberations, while the developed comparison requires accounting regulations content analysis. Concluding upon the Boards’ ongoing projects, we might identify areas in which convergence seems to be quite close (such as revenue recognition and leasing, but also areas in which convergence becomes even more challenging (such as financial instruments or the particular case of offsetting. Similar to other studies being developed within accounting research and trade literature (SEC 2011: 8 we may conclude that, generally, US GAAP present more detailed, specific requirements than IFRS.

A Discussion of Change Theory, System Theory, and State Designed Standards and Accountability Initiatives.

Science.gov (United States)

McNeal, Larry; Christy, W. Keith

This brief paper is a presentation that preceeded another case of considering the ongoing dialogue on the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized school-improvement processes. It attempts to raise a number of questions about the relationship between state-designed standards and accountability initiatives and change and…

Reporting of tangible fixed assets pursuant to the Czech accounting law and International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrik Svoboda

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The valuation of assets is a relatively challenging activity as well as a scientific discipline having an impact on the amount of the reported assets and economic result process. The report deals with the issue of valuation of the tangible fixed assets in the accounting entities compiling the financial statements pursuant to the Czech national legislation and in conformity with the requirements of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The substantial differences in the definitions and valuation of the tangible fixed assets in these systems have been determined, indicating the impact on the economy of the accounting entity, both at the primary acquisition and as at the day of the closing of books. Attention has also been paid to the possibilities of recording the value decreases and to subsequent expenses. The analysis of legal regulations was completed with the analysis of the financial statements from selected economic entities. As per the international standards, the main difference consists in the possibility of component depreciation of tangible assets or, on the other hand, the possibility of group depreciation, in the differences in valuation in the event of acquisition paid for and of acquisition by one’s own production, and in the possibility to consider the costs of disposal of assets. The subsequent expenses are also construed in a different manner: as per the Czech regulation, they are construed as repairs and maintenance. The substantial difference in comparison with the Czech regulation consists in the possibility of re-valuation of assets upwards as well as the method of actual value determination.

Harmonisation of agricultural accounting

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Jaroslav Sedláček

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the accounting of the biological assets. There are described two approaches: Czech and international. The International Accounting Standards are emulative of more authentic presentment of economic processes in agricultural activities than Czech accounting legislation. From the comparison the both approaches accrued some differences, which can influent the financial statements of enterprises. The causation of main difference appears an application of fair value, which is prescribed for biological assets in international accounting standards. In international accounting standards is preferred principle of fair and true view, while in Czech accounting is preferred prudence principle.

Impact of Changes in Accounting Standards in Debt Ratios of Firms: Evidence in Brazil

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André Aroldo Freitas de Moura

2016-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This research investigates the impact of changes in debt ratios of Brazilian firms due to the IFRS adoption. We make a comparison between the forecast of the time-series of debt ratios accounted until 2007 for the span from 2008 to the first quarter of 2015 with those effectively accounted from 2008 to the first quarter of 2015 derived from the new accounting standard. The research utilizes SARIMAX model and Chow’s (1960 structural break forecast test, controlling for changes originating from the macroeconomic environment as well. We find evidence of significant changes in the debt ratio towards both higher and lower debt with predominance of greater ratios. This result is consistent with past literature in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Nevertheless, we do not find evidence of a structural break in the Financial Dependency ratio. Moreover, there is no evidence of any distinct effects across different industries. The research provides new evidence confirming the informational effects of IFRS by utilizing a robust time-series model with macroeconomic controls in an innovative approach towards the accounting environment.

Role of Management Accounting in Accounting in General

OpenAIRE

Oleksandr Panadiy

2015-01-01

The article elucidates main scientific approaches to understanding of essence of management accounting. From scientific studies of domestic scientists it is concluded that most of them classify management accounting under competence of accounting in general. It is shown that the first institutional factors concomitant with division of general theory of accounting into financial and management components were development of forms of business and implementation of accounting standards and manua...

Insurance choice and tax-preferred health savings accounts.

Science.gov (United States)

Cardon, James H; Showalter, Mark H

2007-03-01

We develop an infinite horizon utility maximization model of the interaction between insurance choice and tax-preferred health savings accounts. The model can be used to examine a wide range of policy options, including flexible spending accounts, health savings accounts, and health reimbursement accounts. We also develop a 2-period model to simulate various implications of the model. Key results from the simulation analysis include the following: (1) with no adverse selection, use of unrestricted health savings accounts leads to modest welfare gains, after accounting for the tax revenue loss; (2) with adverse selection and an initial pooling equilibrium comprised of "sick" and "healthy" consumers, introducing HSAs can, but does not necessarily, lead to a new pooling equilibrium. The new equilibrium results in a higher coinsurance rate, an increase in expected utility for healthy consumers, and a decrease in expected utility for sick consumers; (3) with adverse selection and a separating equilibrium, both sick and healthy consumers are better off with a health savings account; (4) efficiency gains are possible when insurance contracts are explicitly linked to tax-preferred health savings accounts.

THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION AND AUDIT QUALITY

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Hanifa Zulhaimi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The implementation of international accounting standards in Indonesia has significantly affected financial reporting. It increases information relevance for the investors because a fair value comprehensively represents assets and liabilities of an entity as of the balance sheet date. However, this triggers polemics over the value relevance of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS. This can be seen from stock price decline. This study aims to find out the effect of net income and other comprehensive income on stock price and to observe the effect of other comprehensive income moderated by audit quality. Furthermore this study also aims to find out the effect of  the subjectivity of OCI components. Using a sample of 79 companies, the writer analyzes 2014 financial statements derived from Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on the result, the predetermined hypotheses are unable to prove. Net income is the only variable that affects stock return. Thus it can be concluded that net income has a value relevance for the investors in making economic decisions.

13 CFR 120.463 - Regulatory accounting-What are SBA's regulatory accounting requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) as promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), supplemented by Regulatory Accounting Principles (RAP) as identified by... set forth in FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 15, Accounting by Debtors and...

IFRS, synchronicity, and financial crisis: the dynamics of accounting information for the Brazilian capital market

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Bruno Figlioli

2017-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study aims is to investigate the synchronicity levels of shares traded on the spot market of the São Paulo Stock, Commodities , and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA in relation to the accounting convergence process towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS in Brazil. The term synchronicity refers to the amount that company-specific information and market information are reflected in stock prices. The more share prices reflect company-specific information rather than market information, the greater the informational content of these prices will be in terms of representing the economic value of a particular company. For this investigation, information on companies and shares from 2005 to 2015 was collected, excluding the financial sector. The data were analyzed using cross-sectional and panel regressions. The results indicate a reduction in the synchronicity levels of stocks in the period of full adoption of IFRS in Brazil from 2010 onwards. From 2008 to 2009, which includes the partial adoption of IFRS in Brazil, statistically significant results were not found for the synchronicity levels of shares. However, for times of financial crisis, evidence was found of a reduction in the relevance of accounting information even with the adoption of international accounting standards. The results obtained for the Brazilian context do not support the idea that the adoption of IFRS necessarily causes an increase in the informational content of financial statements and that relevant information is consequently reflected in stock prices.

Kingdom of Morocco : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2002-01-01

This report provides an assessment of Moroccan accounting and auditing standards and practices, and the institutional capacity necessary to ensure high-quality financial reporting. The law gives accounting standard-setting responsibility to the National Accounting Council (Conseil National de la Comptabilité). Since the Council was established in 1989, Moroccan accounting standards have im...

An Analysis of Proposed Changes to Incentivize Facilities Capital Investment through Cost Accounting Standard 409.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-09-01

Standard 409, The." n.p.:n.d. Typescript report supplied to the authors by Mr. Von Lunenschloss, Hughes Aircraft Company, June 1982. 8. Clark, Charles...Profit Policy." n.p.:n.d. Typescript report supplied to the authors by Mr. C. G. Adams, General Accounting Office, March 1982. N25. Keith, Donald R

The Harmonization of Accounting

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Hajnal Noémi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The development and configuration of the regulatory framework of the accounting systems in Romania and Hungary took place in different ways. Among the reasons for the diversities in these countries’ accounting systems, the following can be certainly mentioned: different purposes of taxation, legal structure, the accountancy’s connection with the corporate law and family law, diversification on corporate financing policy, and cultural heterogeneity. Both countries quickly caught up with the international accounting harmonization standards. The adaptation of the international accounting standards has many advantages and disadvantages; these have been discussed in several previous researches. This paper aims at comparing the Romanian and Hungarian states’ accounting regulations from the early 1990s, which were implemented in order to harmonize the states’ accountancy regulations with the international standards, and their impact on the economy, based on secondary analysis.

BRAZILIAN AND INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS APPLIED TO THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE CHALLENGE OF CONVERGENCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - IPSAS AND NBCTSP

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José Francisco Ribeiro Filho (in memoriam

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The aim in this study is to analyze the current stage of conceptual convergence between Brazilian accounting standards applied to the public sector (NBCTSP and the International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS. The complexity and range of transactions between public or private sector entities, as a result of market internationalization, demand continuous and dynamic assessment of the events that promote quantitative or qualitative equity changes. For this evaluation process, observing accounting principles and standards is important to guarantee, among other information characteristics, understandability and comparability, thus reducing costs for investors and users in general, in view of the barriers raised by diverse languages, cultures, tax and economic policies. For convergence analysis, the standards’ contents were subject to a comparative study, based on a descriptive analysis, with a view to verifying the existing adherence between Brazilian and international standards applied to the public sector. The results found highlight that different aspects still have to be discussed with a view to an actual convergence with the international standards; the current convergence is partial. The high-quality conceptual exposure of the NBCPSPs is observed though, while the contents of the IPSAS are more focused on operating procedures

Peru : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2004-01-01

The report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing practices within the corporate sector in Peru, using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks, drawing on international experience and best practices in that field. This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) Accounting & ...

Financial Accounting: Classifications and Standard Terminology for Local and State School Systems. State Educational Records and Reports Series: Handbook II, Revised.

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, Charles T., Comp.; Lichtenberger, Allan R., Comp.

This handbook has been prepared as a vehicle or mechanism for program cost accounting and as a guide to standard school accounting terminology for use in all types of local and intermediate education agencies. In addition to classification descriptions, program accounting definitions, and proration of cost procedures, some units of measure and…

Starworld: Preparing Accountants for the Future: A Case-Based Approach to Teach International Financial Reporting Standards Using ERP Software

Science.gov (United States)

Ragan, Joseph M.; Savino, Christopher J.; Parashac, Paul; Hosler, Jonathan C.

2010-01-01

International Financial Reporting Standards now constitute an important part of educating young professional accountants. This paper looks at a case based process to teach International Financial Reporting Standards using integrated Enterprise Resource Planning software. The case contained within the paper can be used within a variety of courses…

Is a Widening Gender Wage Gap Necessarily Caused by a Glass Ceiling?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

I.P. van Staveren (Irene)

2012-01-01

textabstractContrary to what is generally assumed, the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling may not necessarily be positively related. An exploratory analysis of aggregate public service personnel data for Uganda shows that the gender wage gap is small at the middle level of management, whereas it

The Actuarial Accounting in the Modern Financial-Accounting Management with Applications to the Entities

OpenAIRE

Gheorghe V. Lepadatu

2012-01-01

The opening of the accounting to the actuarial calculation is a normal consequence of its evolving spirit. At the origin of the international accounting standards lies the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation bases: the historical cost, the current co...

Reporting of right-to-use according to International Accounting standards Principles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrik Svoboda

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The problem of whether and how to report in financial statements the right to use property and the obligation to pay rent or return the used property to the lessor after leasing is a fairly complex area in which it is difficult to find a generally acceptable accounting treatment. Especially for entities that are the subject of public interest, it is being demanded that in view of space comparability operative leasing should be reported on the side of lessee in the statement on financial position, both on the liabilities side, as well as on the assets side. Some possible approaches to reporting these facts are analyzed in this paper. At first the attention was paid to the simple operational lease contracts with a fixed term lease – there were compared the impacts of this way of reporting with the impact of existing accounting solutions. Moreover, the attention was also paid to the complicated lease contracts, such contracts with an option to extend contract or leasing contracts in which rents are divided into a fixed part and a part constructed variable. There were evaluated the effects of different views on the reporting of these contracts, in particular the views of the IASB and the FASB. Many preparers of accounts, however, justifiably concerned that this solution is quite complicated and the entity would be unduly burdensome due to the benefits achieved. This problem could be even more pronounced for smaller entities for potential adjustments to standards for SMEs. Such entities are often against mere change over to the principle based on the transfer of risk and commissions connected with leasing.

Two Concepts of Accountability: Accountability as a Virtue and as a Mechanisme

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bovens, M.A.P.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/074257021

2010-01-01

This paper distinguishes between two main concepts of accountability: accountability as a virtue and accountability as a mechanism. In the former case, accountability is used primarily as a normative concept, as a set of standards for the evaluation of the behaviour of public actors. Accountability

ACCOUNTABILITY WITHIN NEW OZONE STANDARDS

Science.gov (United States)

Over the past two decades, as part of the effort to develop the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), researchers have been using real human exposure data to help analyze the magnitude and extent of the risks from specific or multiple pollutants. Surrogates for exposur...

A Concept of Accounting Quality from Accounting Harmonisation Perspective

OpenAIRE

Legenzova, R

2016-01-01

The aim of this paper is to assess if and how a concept of accounting quality differs from perspectives of various types of organisations affected by the accounting harmonisation process. Accounting harmonisation is commonly associated with worldwide adoption of IFRS by public interest companies. However, in the EU this process is much broader and also involves efforts to harmonise accounting standards for non-listed companies and public sector organisations. Analysis of ...

48 CFR 9904.416 - Accounting for insurance costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for insurance costs. 9904.416 Section 9904.416 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.416 Accounting for insurance costs. ...

The logic of pension accounting

OpenAIRE

Napier, Christopher J.

2009-01-01

Accounting for pensions has been a problem for standard setters for over 30 years. Early attempts to develop accounting standards were based on a cost orientation and reflected funding considerations. More recently, a balance sheet focus has led to issues over identification and measurement of pension liabilities and assets. Accounting standards that permit enterprises to ignore, spread or segregate elements of pension cost, or to create artificial cost measures, are open to criticism and ...

42 CFR 137.168 - May the Secretary require audit or accounting standards other than those specified in § 137.167?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Operational Provisions Audits and Cost Principles § 137.168 May the Secretary require audit or accounting standards other than those specified in § 137.167? No, no other audit... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false May the Secretary require audit or accounting...

Brazilian and International Accounting Standards Applied to the Public Sector and the Challenge of Convergence: a Comparative Analysis - IPSAS and NBCTSP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Rodrigues Fragoso

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The aim in this study is to analyze the current stage of conceptual convergence between Brazilian accounting standardsapplied to the public sector (NBCTSP and the International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS.The complexity and range of transactions between public or private sector entities, as a result of market internationalization,demand continuous and dynamic assessment of the events that promote quantitative or qualitative equitychanges. For this evaluation process, observing accounting principles and standards is important to guarantee, amongother information characteristics, understandability and comparability, thus reducing costs for investors and users in general, in view of the barriers raised by diverse languages, cultures, tax and economic policies. For convergenceanalysis, the standards’ contents were subject to a comparative study, based on a descriptive analysis, with a viewto verifying the existing adherence between Brazilian and international standards applied to the public sector. Theresults found highlight that different aspects still have to be discussed with a view to an actual convergence with theinternational standards; the current convergence is partial. The high-quality conceptual exposure of the NBCPSPsis observed though, while the contents of the IPSAS are more focused on operating procedures.

Accountability. State Implementation of Common Core State Standards

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Kimberly; Mira, Mary Elizabeth

2014-01-01

All of the 15 states in this study have recently been involved in school accountability system reform. Since 2011, the states have taken advantage of a federal program to give them flexibility around certain accountability requirements of the "No Child Left Behind Act" of 2001 (NCLB), the most recent reauthorization of the Elementary and…

Annual Reviews of User Accounting Controls for the Washington Headquarters Services Allotment Accounting System

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1996-01-01

The purpose of annual accounting system reviews is to determine whether DoD accounting systems are in compliance with accounting principles, standards, and related accounting requirements established...

48 CFR 9904.405 - Accounting for unallowable costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... costs. 9904.405 Section 9904.405 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.405 Accounting for unallowable costs. ...

The Cultural Influence in Accounting Standard Setting: A Comparative Analysis of the United States, Canada, and England.

Science.gov (United States)

Bloom, Robert; And Others

A study of the processes for establishing the principles and policies of measurement and disclosure in preparing financial reports examines differences in these processes in the United States, Canada, and England. Information was drawn from international accounting literature on standard setting. The differences and similarities in the…

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK MUHASEBESİ STANDARTLARI KURULU - SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Çağatay AKARÇAY

2014-07-01

Full Text Available ÖzetSürdürülebilirlik eski bir terim olmasına rağmen, iş dünyasındaki gelişmeler ve artan rekabet sebebiyledevamlılıklarını güvenceye almak isteyen işletmeler açısından yeniden önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilirlik,ekonomik, çevresel ve toplumsal olmak üzere üç boyuttan oluşur. Sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımı bu üç boyutunişletme stratejilerine dahil edilmesini ve bu üç boyutla ilgili performansın raporlanmasını gerektirir.Sürdürülebilirlik muhasebesi ve raporlaması finansal muhasebenin tamamlayıcısı olarak kabul edilebilir.Finansal bilgi ve sürdürülebilirlik bilgisi birlikte kullanıldığında işletmenin değer yaratma ve performansıhakkında eksiksiz görünüm sunar. Bu çalışmanın amacı sektöre özel sürdürülebilirlik muhasebesistandartları oluşturan Sürdürülebilirlik Muhasebesi Standartları Kurulu hakkında bilgi sunmak ve nispetenyeni olan bu kuruluşla ilgili Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.AbstractAlthough sustainability is an old concept, developments in the business world and increasedcompetition have caused the business entities to refocus on this concept in order to safeguard theircontinuity. Sustainability consists of three dimensions, economic, environmental, and social. Sustainabilityapproach requires the integration of these dimensions into business strategies and the reporting theperformance of business activities related to these three dimensions. Sustainability accounting and reportingcan be considered as a complement to financial accounting. When used together, financial informationand sustainability information can provide a complete view of the performance and value creation of acorporation. This paper aims to provide information regarding the Sustainability Accounting StandardsBoard that provides industry specific sustainability accounting standards and to contribute to the Turkishliterature regarding this relatively new organization.

In pursuit of a foundational accountancy philosophy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Buys

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Recent accounting history is characterised by many developments, including several high-profile corporate failures, such as Enron, Parmalat and even Saambou, as well as major developments in financial reporting standards, such as the broadbased acceptance of international financial reporting standards and the convergence efforts between the UK-based International Accounting Standards Board and the US-based Financial Accounting Standards Board. As a result, long-accepted accounting assumptions are being challenged in favour of new principles and practices. Furthermore, in academic circles the scientific foundation of accounting is being questioned. At many universities, limited education is taking place in the underlying theory and philosophy of accounting in favour of teaching prospective accountants how to pass difficult professional exams. Seen against this backdrop, a reconsideration of the objectives and purpose of accountancy may be overdue. This article attempts to illuminate the intrinsic assumptions and objectives of accountancy, seen in the light of modern-day accounting issues and developments.

Georgia : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2007-01-01

This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Georgia. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit regulation, including in ...

Interpretation of Series National Standards of China on “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting and Reporting for Enterprises”

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Liang; Zong, Jianfang; Guo, Huiting; Sun, Liang; Liu, Mei

2018-05-01

Standardization is playing an increasingly important role in reducing greenhouse gas emission and in climatic change adaptation, especially in the “three” greenhouse gas emission aspects (measurement, report, verification). Standardization has become one of the most important ways in mitigating the global climate change. Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has taken many productive measures in actively promoting standardization work to cope with climate change. In April 2014, SAC officially approved the establishment of “National Carbon Emission Management Standardization Technical Committee” In November 2015, SAC officially issued the first 11 national standards on carbon management including > and the requirements of the greenhouse gas emissions accounting and reporting in 10 sectors including power generation, power grid, iron and steel, chemical engineering, electrolytic aluminum, magnesium smelting, plate glass, cement, ceramics and civil aviation, which proposes unified requirements of “what to calculate and how to calculate” the greenhouse gas emission for enterprises. This paper focuses on the detailed interpretation of the main contents of the first 11 national standards, so as to provide technical supports for users of the standards and to comprehensively promote the emission reduction of greenhouse gas at the enterprise level.

The use of a xylosylated plant glycoprotein as an internal standard accounting for N-linked glycan cleavage and sample preparation variability.

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, S Hunter; Taylor, Amber D; Muddiman, David C

2013-06-30

Traditionally, free oligosaccharide internal standards are used to account for variability in glycan relative quantification experiments by mass spectrometry. However, a more suitable internal standard would be a glycoprotein, which could also control for enzymatic cleavage efficiency, allowing for more accurate quantitative experiments. Hydrophobic, hydrazide N-linked glycan reagents (both native and stable-isotope labeled) are used to derivatize and differentially label N-linked glycan samples for relative quantification, and the samples are analyzed by a reversed-phase liquid chromatography chip system coupled online to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. The inclusion of two internal standards, maltoheptaose (previously used) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (novel), is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of using a glycoprotein as an internal standard in glycan relative quantification experiments. HRP is a glycoprotein containing a xylosylated N-linked glycan, which is unique from mammalian N-linked glycans. Thus, the internal standard xylosylated glycan could be detected without interference to the sample. Additionally, it was shown that differences in cleavage efficiency can be detected by monitoring the HRP glycan. In a sample where cleavage efficiency variation is minimal, the HRP glycan performs as well as maltoheptaose. Because the HRP glycan performs as well as maltoheptaose but is also capable of correcting and accounting for cleavage variability, it is a more versatile internal standard and will be used in all subsequent biological studies. Because of the possible lot-to-lot variation of an enzyme, differences in biological matrix, and variable enzyme activity over time, it is a necessity to account for glycan cleavage variability in glycan relative quantification experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analysis of Possibilities of Detectnig the Manipulation of Financial Statements in Terms of the IFRS and Czech Accounting Standards

OpenAIRE

Zita Drábková

2015-01-01

The main objective of financial statements is to give information. The diversity of interests and objectives of individual groups of users and creators of financial statements presents the risk of manipulation of financial statements in the context of true and fair view as defined in the national accounting legislation. The paper is concerned with the different possibilities of detecting the manipulation of financial statements in terms of the Czech Accounting Standards and IFRS. The paper an...

Revised Accounting for Business Combinations

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Arlette C.; Key, Kimberly

2008-01-01

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has recently issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (Revised 2007) Business Combinations. The object of this Statement is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of reported information about a business combination and its effects. This Statement…

The application of “fair value” accounting standards to the income statements of companies listed in the Portuguese Stock Index-20 (PSI-20)

OpenAIRE

Tiago Cardão-Pito; Jorge Barros

2016-01-01

Purpose – “Fair value” accounting standards are not consensual. Supporters claim that they offer a methodology to find the “correct” value of accounting items, whereas critics contend that “fair value” accounting reduces the reliability of financial statements through a complex and unpractical method based on subjective information. Still, the impacts of “fair value” accounting upon taxes and public revenues are rarely discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The Portuguese case allows...

Accounting for Financial Instruments in an Uncertain World

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pucci, Richard

the IFRS 9 endorsement process in the European Union. Attention is directed towards broadening our awareness of the interplay among diverse actors in the revision of international accounting standards. Ultimately, it is hoped that the thesis will broaden extant understandings of the manner in which......This thesis explores the response of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to the 2008 financial crisis. At the onset of the crisis, the international accounting standard on financial instruments, IAS 39, was blamed for exacerbating the ill effects of the economic downturn...... accounting standard-setters cope with multiple and conflicting interests which crystallize in times of crisis. The project contributes to the literature on accounting standard-setting by further explicating three pertinent issues; namely, (1) how agreements are reached in the critical moments of standard...

THE PROBLEM OF THE FINALITY OF WORSHIP AND THE STANDARD THOMISTIC ACCOUNT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. Romero Carrasquillo

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper is an attempt to introduce the issue of the finality of religious worship into the analytical Thomist tradition. It aims to develop a response, based on an analysis of St. Thomas Aquinas’s texts, to the following questions: What is the end of worship? Why do we worship God? What benefit does God derive from our worship? Alternatively, perhaps, is it not ourselves, rather than God, who are the beneficiaries of our own worship? The paper aims to develop what may be called the ‘Standard Thomistic Account’ as a solution to this problem. In the first part (II, the paper examines the problem of the finality of worship within the context of Classical Theism. Part II presents the current state of the problem in the contemporary secondary literature concerning this issue. In the third part (III, the paper focuses on Cajetan’s version of the Standard Thomistic Account, and shows in which aspects it is in need of more nuance to be able to portray Aquinas’ complete solution. Finally, Part IV proposes a careful and faithful reading of the texts and lays out the foundations for a new and more nuanced solution to the problem.

INTRODUCING IFRS IN INTRODUCTORY FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING COURSES

OpenAIRE

Katherine Kinkela; Peter Harris; John Malindredos

2010-01-01

With the possibility that International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)may replace or may change substantially the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) standards currently in place within the next decade, there is a question for accounting educators about how much of the current accounting curriculum should be devoted to IFRS. This is especially critical in the first levels of accounting, where the fundamentals of accounting are learned. While the major accounting firms are...

AACSB Standards and Accounting Faculty's Intellectual Contributions

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, B. Brian; Quddus, Munir

2008-01-01

The authors performed a content analysis of intellectual contribution portfolios of accounting faculty at various business schools that Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International recently accredited. The results showed a significant divergence in faculty research (e.g., areas, topics) and their teaching assignments. This…

Tax accounting - IFRS IAS 12 : Voor accountants, controllers en fiscalisten

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Naarding, E.; Langendijk, H.P.A.J.

2010-01-01

Deel 7 van de reeks 'Tax Assurance in beeld' is een werkboek dat vraagstukken bevat om de technische aspecten van IAS 12 Income Taxes van de International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) te oefenen. Het boek is bedoeld voor accountants, controllers en fiscalisten die zich willen bekwamen in de

Tax accounting - IFRS IAS 12: Voor accountants, controllers en fiscalisten

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Naarding, E.W.J.; Langendijk, H.P.A.J.

2010-01-01

Deel 7 van de reeks 'Tax Assurance in beeld' is een werkboek dat vraagstukken bevat om de technische aspecten van IAS 12 Income Taxes van de International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) te oefenen. Het boek is bedoeld voor accountants, controllers en fiscalisten die zich willen bekwamen in de

A SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW OF ACCOUNTING ETHICS AND GOVERNANCE EDUCATION: THE RIGHT FOOTING OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION STANDARD 4, BUT...

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aziuddin Ahmad

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper is a critique of the approach in which the issue of accounting ethics and governance has been tackled through education. In light of the existence of the International Education Standard (IES 4 specifically on ethics as the relevant framework developed by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC, the discussion in this paper centres on the requirement of IES 4 and the manner it is suggested for implementation. Based on the ontological and epistemological reality of the world as reflected in science which also parallels religion and Eastern belief system, we are sceptical of the degree of representation of reality of the model of ethics and governance that is currently upheld by accounting curriculum designers. A framework on ethics education that is more holistic is proposed.

Business combinations under common control in International Financial Reporting Standards – is authoritative accounting guidance needed?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Janowicz

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Business combinations under common control in International Financial Reporting Standards – is authoritative accounting guidance needed? The purpose of the article is to answer the question if a separate standard (IFRS is needed for business combinations under common control (BCUCC, which are not governed by any IFRS as the moment. In such cases, the approach resulting from IAS 8 should apply to them, which allows the use of national regulations to account for BCUCC. The authoress shortly described the theoretical issues related to the subject and presented the results of empirical research that verified the practical aspects of the problem. The research methodology involves a literature and legal act analysis, content analysis of financial statements, as well as deductive and inductive reasoning. On the basis of the gathered data the authoress concluded that even the existence of necessary regulations in national GAAPs does not guarantee that all the requirements related to the qualitative characteristics of the reported information are met and, as such, the main objectives for which IFRS were developed may not be met. As such, the authoritative guidance proves necessary. Very little research on the subject was published, thus, this paper may provide some additional guidance as to what issues related to BCUCC should receive particular attention.

Methodology of sustainability accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O.H. Sokil

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Modern challenges of the theory and methodology of accounting are realized through the formation and implementation of new concepts, the purpose of which is to meet the needs of users in standard and unique information. The development of a methodology for sustainability accounting is a key aspect of the management of an economic entity. The purpose of the article is to form the methodological bases of accounting for sustainable development and determine its goals, objectives, object, subject, methods, functions and key aspects. The author analyzes the theoretical bases of the definition and considers the components of the traditional accounting methodology. Generalized structural diagram of the methodology for accounting for sustainable development is offered in the article. The complex of methods and principles of sustainable development accounting for systematized and non-standard provisions has been systematized. The new system of theoretical and methodological provisions of accounting for sustainable development is justified in the context of determining its purpose, objective, subject, object, methods, functions and key aspects.

The importance of accounting principles in the accounting profession

OpenAIRE

Daniela Raluca Patrascu

2014-01-01

A true professional accountant must meet the following basic requirements: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, professional behavior, respect to technical and professional standards. Integrity expresses conceptually the professional accountant’s obligation to behave with honesty and fairness in professional and business relationships. Any company is seeking an accountant as, sincere and honest, which means the operation of fair dealing and fair protection aginst ...

75 FR 81684 - Order Approving Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-28

... Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support Fee for Calendar Year 2011 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the ``Sarbanes-Oxley Act''), established the Public Company Accounting... through registration of public accounting firms and standard setting, inspection, and disciplinary...

78 FR 11915 - Order Approving Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-20

... Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support Fee for Calendar Year 2013 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the ``Sarbanes-Oxley Act''),\\1\\ established the Public Company Accounting... through registration of public accounting firms and standard setting, inspection, and disciplinary...

77 FR 2576 - Order Approving Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-18

... Accounting Oversight Board Budget and Annual Accounting Support Fee for Calendar Year 2012 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the ``Sarbanes-Oxley Act''),\\1\\ established the Public Company Accounting... through registration of public accounting firms and standard setting, inspection, and disciplinary...

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL AND IN VARIOUS NATIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ionela Cristina Breahna Pravat

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The qualitative characteristics of accounting information presented by financial-accounting reports represent a concept which was subsequently introduced in the national legal accounting framework and, as a rule, the national conceptual frameworks represent the documents by means of which these quality criteria are established. At a worldwide level, there are more international or national organisms that have an important role in the elaboration of accounting standards in general and more specifically in the formulation of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. We find two important ones among them, and these are: International Accounting Standards Board, which creates and promotes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS, and Financial Accounting Standards Board, which elaborates Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP. However, at the level of each country a standardizing authority decides the rules for producing the financial reports and the qualitative characteristics that must be respected by the information contained in these documents. In this context, this paper aims to present a few general considerations concerning the treatment of the qualitative characteristics of the financial-accounting information in different accounting systems, such as the American one, or the British, French, German, Romanian ones, with insistence on the international approach to qualitative characteristics.

Standards vs. labels with imperfect competition and asymmetric information

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baltzer, Kenneth Thomas

2012-01-01

I demonstrate that providing information about product quality is not necessarily the best way to address asymmetric information problems when markets are imperfectly competitive. In a vertical differentiation model I show that a Minimum Quality Standard, which retains asymmetric information...

Standards vs. labels with imperfect competition and asymmetric information

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baltzer, Kenneth Thomas

I demonstrate that providing information about product quality is not necessarily the best way to address asymmetric information problems when markets are imperfectly competitive. In a vertical dierentiation model I show that a Minimum Quality Standard, which retains asymmetric information...

Accountancy In the Shadow of the Big Four

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANG PEI

2006-01-01

@@ By introducing its new accounting standards, China has recently moved substantially forward in incorporating accounting principals that comply with international rules. In February this year, the Ministry of Finance issued the revised standards, which include 39 items for corporate accounting and 48 for auditing by registered accountants.

Intelligent Accountability in Education

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Onora

2013-01-01

Systems of accountability are "second order" ways of using evidence of the standard to which "first order" tasks are carried out for a great variety of purposes. However, more accountability is not always better, and processes of holding to account can impose high costs without securing substantial benefits. At their worst,…

AMERICAN ACCOUNTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihaela Onica

2005-01-01

Full Text Available The international Accounting Standards already contribute to the generation of better and more easily comparable financial information on an international level, supporting thus a more effective allocationof the investments resources in the world. Under the circumstances, there occurs the necessity of a consistent application of the standards on a global level. The financial statements are part of thefinancial reporting process. A set of complete financial statements usually includes a balance sheet,a profit and loss account, a report of the financial item change (which can be presented in various ways, for example as a status of the treasury flows and of the funds flows and those notes, as well as those explanatory situations and materials which are part of the financial statements.

DO LITHUANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS REFLECT ACCOUNTING HARMONIZATION IN THE EU?

OpenAIRE

Dalia Kaupelyte; Renata Legenzova

2014-01-01

Financial accounting is undergoing major changes in the EU and worldwide.  Great efforts are placed on adoption of high quality accounting standards for listed companies, public sector organizations as well as small and medium business entities.  Being a member of the EU Lithuania is in compliance with the EU incentives in de jure accounting harmonization; however de facto situation in Lithuania is not adequately assessed.  One of accounting harmonization related questions is whether Lithuani...

Complexity, Accountability, and School Improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Day, Jennifer A.

2002-01-01

Using complexity theory, examines standards-based accountability focused on improving school organization. Compares Chicago Public Schools' outcomes-based bureaucratic accountability approach with Baltimore City Schools' combined administrator-professional accountability. Concludes that the combined approach should result in more lasting change.…

Accounting Policy Options under IFRS: Evidence from Turkey

OpenAIRE

Oguzhan BAHADIR; Buke TOLGA

2013-01-01

Although one of the main purposes of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to improve comparability of financial statements by eliminating different accounting treatments applied by companies, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) still permit choices in accounting treatment of similar transactions and events. This paper examines the accounting choices made by Turkish listed companies in cases where IFRSs permit a choice between alternative accounting policies. The ...

The cultural space between accounts & abilities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fitriasari, Dewi; Kampf, Constance

Relations between global accounting standards and local accountability practices in Indonesia, a country with a rich history influenced by both the East and West, are examined from a cultural perspective.  Key constructs include Swidler's notions of settled and unsettled cultures and the notion...... of open cultural systems to explain the resources available for accounting practices in Indonesia. We examine the Global Reporting Initiative and International Accounting Standards Board websites as examples of unsettled cultures--looking at their ideologies expressed via the Internet, comparing studies...... of emerging economies. The characteristics specific to Indonesia open up further possibilities for understanding the role of diversity in accountability practices for emerging economies...

The application of “fair value” accounting standards to the income statements of companies listed in the Portuguese Stock Index-20 (PSI-20

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tiago Cardão-Pito

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose – “Fair value” accounting standards are not consensual. Supporters claim that they offer a methodology to find the “correct” value of accounting items, whereas critics contend that “fair value” accounting reduces the reliability of financial statements through a complex and unpractical method based on subjective information. Still, the impacts of “fair value” accounting upon taxes and public revenues are rarely discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The Portuguese case allows us to study taxation and public revenues. Through European Union norms, “fair value” standards have become mandatory after 2005 for companies listed in European stock-exchanges. Nevertheless, Portuguese corporate tax law was reformulated in 2010 to strongly restrict the use of “fair value” for taxation purposes. We study the use of “fair value” in the Income Statements of the largest companies listed in the Portuguese exchange between 2005 and 2012. Findings – If Portugal had not adopted “fair value” standards, its tax revenue would have been higher. Over all analyzed years and in almost all studied companies, average “fair value” adjustments are negative. Although a statistical association between negative adjustments and the economic cycle was found, this statistical association is not very strong. Therefore, the economic cycle cannot be used as the only explanation for the use of “fair value”. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates that discussions concerning the “fair value” accounting method must not ignore its possible impacts on government taxes and public revenue.

Analysis and Accounting of Hedging of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation Process in the concept of Turkish Accounting Standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veli Öztürk

2013-09-01

Full Text Available In recent years, in line with developments in the financial markets, financial instruments developed rapidly. As a result of this development, how to classify financial instruments, recognition of these principles has become important. As a result of the every day increase in types of financial instruments, financial risks have emerged. Especially after the end of the Bretton Woods system that based on fixed exchange rates in 1970’s, entities faced the financial risk. IAS 39 gathered financial risks faced by businesses in the financial markets in three groups. These risks are risk arising from financial instruments at fair value and risk arising from cash flows and risk arising from the net investment in a foreign operation. Preventing from the risk arising from the net investment in a foreign operation hedge that composes the subject of this study and also one type of prevention from financial risk, is explained in Turkish Accounting Standards TAS 21 and TAS 39. The implementation section of this study, one of the varieties of hedging, hedge accounting is an example of a net investment in a foreign operation. Example implementation is divided into three sections. In the first part, the increase and decreases at the exchange rates that arised from the position in which the entity made investment does not make forward contracts arised exchange rates are shown. In the second part of our application, the accounting records related to forward contract made for preventing from net investment risk are shown, and how the forward contract prevent the entity from net investment risk is explained. In the final part of the implementation, the disposal of the net investment in a foreign country and it’s results are shown.

International Harmonisation Of Accounting Standards: The Case For A Mandatory Requirement For The Direct Method Of Reporting Operating Cash Flows

OpenAIRE

Christine Yap

2011-01-01

Even though standard setters have now embraced cash flow statements there remains ambivalence as to the best format (i.e. direct or indirect method) for disclosing cash flow from operations. In 1987 the FASB asserted that information about the gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments is more relevant than information about the net amounts of cash receipts and payments. Yet apart from Australia and New Zealand, most standard setting bodies, including the International Accounting Standa...

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING QUALITY AND ITS DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andra M. ACHIM

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The importance ofhigh-quality financial statements is highlighted by the main standard-setting institutions activating in the field of accounting and reporting. These have issued Conceptual Frameworks which state and describe the qualitative characteristics of accounting information. In this qualitative study, the research methodology consists of reviewing the literature related to the definition of accounting quality and striving for understanding how it can be explained. The main objective of the study is to identify the characteristics information should possess in order to be of high quality. These characteristics also contribute to the way of defining financial accounting quality. The main conclusions that arise from this research are represented by the facts that indeed financial accounting quality cannot be uniquely defined and that financial information is of good quality when it enhances the characteristics incorporated in the conceptual frameworks issued by both International Accounting Standards Board and Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Long-time tails do not necessarily imply self-organized criticality or the breakdown of the standard transport paradigm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krommes, J.A.; Ottaviani, M.

2000-01-01

Numerical measurements and analytical studies are performed on a stochastic model with features relevant to plasma confinement. Although the model lacks crucial features of self-organized criticality (SOC) and its transport can be computed by standard techniques, it nevertheless exhibits intermittency and algebraic time correlations. This suggests that SOC need not be the explanation for observed long-time tails in experimental fluctuation data. Arguments based on the renormalized spectral balance equation, and simulation of a standard nonlinear paradigm, predict a range of Hurst exponents in reasonable agreement with the observations without invoking submarginal dynamics

48 CFR 9905.506 - Cost accounting period-Educational institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting period-Educational institutions. 9905.506 Section 9905.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 9905.506 Cost...

The shift of accounting models and accounting quality: the case of Norwegian GAAP

OpenAIRE

Stenheim, Tonny; Madsen, Dag Øivind

2017-01-01

This is an Open Access journal available from http://www.virtusinterpress.org This paper investigates the change in accounting quality w hen firms shift from a revenue - oriented historical cost accounting regime as Norwegian GAAP (NGAAP) to a balance - oriented fair value accounting regime as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Previous studies have demonstrated mixed effects o n the accounting quality upon IFRS adoption. One possible reason is that the investigated domest...

The adoption of ‘International Accounting Standard (IAS) 12 Income Taxes’: Convergence or divergence with local accounting standards in selected ASEAN countries?

OpenAIRE

Prem W.S. Yapa; Diane Kraal; Mahesh Joshi

2015-01-01

This article concerns inter-disciplinary research on questions about the socio-economic impact of the adoption and convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with local standards in selected countries. The article approaches the research in two stages. The first stage concerns the findings and analysis relating to the general impact of the IFRS standards on Singapore and Malaysia. Findings reveal that respondents expressed reservations about cited IFRS adoption benefits...

Simulation of statistical systems with not necessarily real and positive probabilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalkreuter, T.

1991-01-01

A new method to determine expectation values of observables in statistical systems with not necessarily real and positive probabilities is proposed. It is tested in a numerical study of the two-dimensional O(3)-symmetric nonlinear σ-model with Symanzik's one-loop improved lattice action. This model is simulated as polymer system with field dependent activities which can be made positive definite or indefinite by adjusting additive constants of the action. For a system with indefinite activities the new proposal is found to work. It is also verified that local observables are not affected by far-away ploymers with indefinite activities when the system has no long-range order. (orig.)

„The Control” in View of International Accounting Regulation and Romanian Accounting Regulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Ciuraru-Andrica

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In Romania, financial reporting accountant is governed by Accounting Low number 82/1991, republished, and O.M.F.P. 3.055/2009 approving the accounting regulation in accordance with European Directives. To these are added the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS, IAS and IFRIC of which must take into account certain Romanian legal persons in accordance with applicable regulations. Therefore this paper presents the main points of the control from the two types of accounting regulations perspective (national and international applied in our country.

Nuclear fuel lease accounting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danielson, A.H.

1986-01-01

The subject of nuclear fuel lease accounting is a controversial one that has received much attention over the years. This has occurred during a period when increasing numbers of utilities, seeking alternatives to traditional financing methods, have turned to leasing their nuclear fuel inventories. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current accounting treatment of nuclear fuel leases as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) Uniform System of Accounts. Cost accounting for leased nuclear fuel during the fuel cycle is also discussed

Is a Widening Gender Wage Gap Necessarily Caused by a Glass Ceiling?

OpenAIRE

Staveren, Irene

2012-01-01

textabstractContrary to what is generally assumed, the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling may not necessarily be positively related. An exploratory analysis of aggregate public service personnel data for Uganda shows that the gender wage gap is small at the middle level of management, whereas it is twice as high at the top. At the same time, the share of women in top positions appears to be twice as high as at the middle ranks. Hence, it seems that in the context of a very patriarchal cult...

Current Account and Real Exchange Rate Dynamics in Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Firman Mochtar

2015-07-01

Full Text Available We analyze the role of both permanent and temporary factors in affecting the Indonesian current account and real exchange dynamics before and after 2000. Adopting Lee and Chinn (1998; 2006 approach as well as Chinn et al. (2007, two results stand out. First, we confirm that the behavior of the real exchange rate has altered since 2000. Identifications show that permanent shocks are the primary causes for the movement of the real exchange rate after 2000, while in the period before 2000, the Indonesian real exchange rate changes are characterized by greater dominance of temporary shocks. The apparent change in the real exchange rate behavior may be strongly justified by the implementation of free-floating exchange rate system since August 1997. Second, the shift of the real exchange rate behavior after 2000 does not necessarily affect the current account dynamics. Empirical evidence confirms that the variance of current account post 2000 remains largely due to temporary shocks. Albeit having increasing influence, permanent shocks have insignificant effect in explaining fluctuations of the current account. In this sense, the current account surplus after 2000 is attributed largely to nominal variables such as price increase, while the impact of productivity improvement is still limited.

Various notions of amenability for not necessarily locally compact groupoids

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mădălina Roxana Buneci

2014-08-01

Full Text Available We start with a groupoid G endowed with a family W of subsets mimicking the properties of a neighborhood basis of the unit space (of a topological groupoid with paracompact unit space. Using the family W we endow each G-space with a uniform structure. The uniformities of the G-spaces allow us to define various notions of amenability for the G-equivariant maps. As in [C. Anantharaman-Delaroche and J. Renault, Amenable Groupoids. Monographie de L'Enseignement Mathematique No 36, Geneve, 2000], the amenability of the groupoid G is defined as the amenability of its range map. If the groupoid G is a group, all notions of amenability that we introduce coincide with the classical notion of amenability for topological (not necessarily locally-compact groups.

Harmonisation efforts in the field of accounting of public sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milena Otavová

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Increasing requirements for financial reporting of public sector led to a need to create a system that would provide relevant and reliable information for management of accounting entities of public sector and also to increase the quality of accounting and financial statements of public institutions. The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB is therefore creating high-quality financial reporting standards for public sector (IPSAS. Paper points out the ongoing reform of accounting in the field of public finances in the Czech Republic, where there are substantial changes in accounting rules and it also introduces new accounting methods. Regarding the fact that accounting of public sector is nowadays accounting system perhaps with the greatest potential of development, paper highlights the differences in financial reporting in accordance with Czech legislation and IPSAS system. It tries to catch the essential differences that arise from the financial legislation, the accounting basis and also from the content of financial statements. The paper also indicates the difference between Czech Accounting Standards for selected accounting entities that maintain accounts in accordance with Decree No. 410/2009 Coll. and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS. There is also recommended approach to the creation of national standards with regard to international harmonization.

Accounting for Quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pflueger, Dane

2015-01-01

Background Accounting-that is, standardized measurement, public reporting, performance evaluation and managerial control-is commonly seen to provide the core infrastructure for quality improvement in healthcare. Yet, accounting successfully for quality has been a problematic endeavor, often......, but that it would need to be understood and operationalized in new ways in order to contribute to this end. Proposals for this new way of advancing accounting are discussed. They include the cultivation of overlapping and even conflicting measures of quality, the evaluation of accounting regimes in terms of what...... producing dysfunctional effects. This has raised questions about the appropriate role for accounting in achieving quality improvement. This paper contributes to this debate by contrasting the specific way in which accounting is understood and operationalized for quality improvement in the UK National Health...

Care coordination in accountable care organizations: moving beyond structure and incentives.

Science.gov (United States)

Press, Matthew J; Michelow, Marilyn D; MacPhail, Lucy H

2012-12-01

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are considered by many to be a key component of healthcare delivery system improvement. One expectation is that the structural elements of the ACO model, including clinical integration and financial accountability, will lead to better coordination of care for patients. But, while structure and incentives may facilitate the delivery of coordinated care, they will not necessarily ensure that care coordination is done well. For that, physicians and other healthcare providers within ACOs must possess and utilize specific skills, particularly in the areas of collaboration, communication, and teamwork. In this article, we present strategies in 3 domains--training, support tools, and organizational culture--that ACOs can implement to foster the development of these skills and support their use in clinical practice.

48 CFR 9905.505 - Accounting for unallowable costs-Educational institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 9905.505 Accounting for unallowable costs—Educational institutions. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for unallowable...

METHODS OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE EFFECTS OF INFLATION INDICATORS OF ACCOUNTING (FINANCIAL) STATEMENTS

OpenAIRE

Roshchektayeva U. Y.

2016-01-01

The article deals with the qualitative characteristics of the accounting (financial) statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards: understandability, relevance, reliability and comparability. The article gives a definition of reliability of the accounting (financial) statements as one of the most important quality characteristics that ensure the usefulness of accounting information for a wide range of users. We present main consequences of the lack of consideratio...

new lease accounting and health care.

Science.gov (United States)

Berman, Mindy

2016-05-01

Recently released lease accounting standards from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) present three significant challenges for healthcare organizations: All leases must be reported on a company's balance sheet, increasing liabilities on the balance sheets of healthcare organizations considerably. Contractual agreements not previously considered leases will now be treated as leases. Classification of some equipment leases could change.

The Interpretation of "in Context" Verbal Probability Expressions Used in International Accounting Standards: A Comparison of English and Chinese Students Studying at English Speaking Universities

Science.gov (United States)

Salleh, Safrul Izani Mohd; Gardner, John C.; Sulong, Zunaidah; McGowan, Carl B., Jr.

2011-01-01

This study examines the differences in the interpretation of ten "in context" verbal probability expressions used in accounting standards between native Chinese speaking and native English speaking accounting students in United Kingdom universities. The study assesses the degree of grouping factors consensus on the numerical…

Uncertainty Expressions in Accounting Standards: is there any effect of time in the differences of perception?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Fernandes Malaquias

2017-04-01

Full Text Available This paper examines whether differences in the perception of uncertainty expressions persist over time. The empirical analysis of this question involved two approaches: quantitative (with tests to compare means, medians, regression analysis with ordinary least squares and quantile regression, and qualitative, with interviews. Principal findings are that the differences in the perceptions of participants with respect to uncertainty expressions were not statistically significant, which differs from the findings reported in previous studies. This may be indicative of a tendency toward elimination of potential differences in the interpretation of accounting standards over time.

Harmonisation of agricultural accounting

OpenAIRE

Jaroslav Sedláček

2007-01-01

This paper deals with the accounting of the biological assets. There are described two approaches: Czech and international. The International Accounting Standards are emulative of more authentic presentment of economic processes in agricultural activities than Czech accounting legislation. From the comparison the both approaches accrued some differences, which can influent the financial statements of enterprises. The causation of main difference appears an application of fair value, which is ...

Regulação da contabilidade: teorias e análise da convergência dos padrões contábeis brasileiros aos IFRS Accounting regulation: theories and analysis of the Brazilian accounting standards convergence to IFRS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Lopes Cardoso

2009-08-01

Full Text Available O processo de convergência das práticas nacionais de contabilidade aos padrões internacionais implica profundas alterações na regulação da contabilidade. É natural que os contabilistas estejam preocupados em se adaptar aos "novos" padrões buscando adotá-los, e auditar sua adoção nas respectivas empresas/clientes. Entretanto, tão importante quanto adotar e auditar a adoção dos International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS nas demonstrações contábeis das empresas brasileiras é compreender o movimento de alteração das normas contábeis em âmbito nacional. Por outro lado, pouco se tem discutido sobre os impactos dessas novas regulamentações. Este artigo analisa, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, o processo de alteração da regulação da contabilidade à luz de cinco teorias da regulação. Embora as teorias sejam concorrentes, observou-se que elas podem ser utilizadas de forma complementar entre si na compreensão das alterações promovidas pela Lei nº 11.638/07 e pela Medida Provisória nº 449/08 na Lei nº 6.404/76. Considerou-se que as teorias realiana e habermasiana são as que melhor contribuem para a democratização da contabilidade, uma vez que consideram os valores sociais na elaboração e posterior interpretação da regulação.The convergence process of local accounting standards into international standards requires significant changes in accounting regulation. Accountants and auditors are working hard to understand and familiarize themselves with these "new" standards in order to adopt and audit them at their firms and/or clients. However, adopting and auditing the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS are just as important as understanding the changes in local accounting regulation. Also, the impact of the new regulation has been little discussed. This theory-based article examines the Brazilian IFRS convergence experience through an interdisciplinary perspective. Although all

Notification: EPA’s Compliance with Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 47 and Treasury Financial Manual, Part 2, Chapter 4700

Science.gov (United States)

Project #OA&E-FY18-0249, June 6, 2018. The OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the EPA’s compliance with the Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 47: Reporting Entity; and Treasury Financial Manual, Part 2, Chapter 4700

AICPA standard aids in detecting risk factors for fraud. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinstein, A; Dery, R J

1999-10-01

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 82, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, requires independent auditors to obtain reasonable assurance that financial statements are free of material mis-statements caused by error or fraud. SAS No. 82 provides guidance for independent auditors to use to help detect and document risk factors related to potential fraud. But while SAS No. 82 suggests how auditors should assess the potential for fraud, it does not expand their detection responsibility. Accordingly, financial managers should discuss thoroughly with auditors the scope and focus of an audit as a means to further their compliance efforts.

Practice and Consideration on the Usage of New Accounting Standards in Accounting and Financial Area of Grass-roots Level People＇s Bank of China%新会计准则在基层人民银行会计财务工作中的实践与思考

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

刘霞花

2011-01-01

On the February 15, 2006, the Ministry of Finance officially announced by a basic accounting principles and 38 specific accounting guidelines for the composition of the new accounting standards system, the new accounting standards to fully draw on international accounting standards, the basic realization of the substantive with the International Accounting Standards of convergence. This paper analyzes the new guidelines and problems for financial and accounting work of grassroots People＇s Banks of China, focusing on the discussion of accounting status, and put forward to rationalize the central bank＇s monetary policy transmission mechanism, the central bank clearing efficiency, improve and refine the central bank accounting standards, to maintain stable operation of the financial system.%2006年2月15日，财政邵正式公布了由1项基本会计准则和38项具体会计准则组成的新会计准则体系，新会计准则充分借鉴国际会计准则，基本实现了与国际会计准则的实质性趋同。本文分析了新准则下基层人民银行会计财务工作面临的新形势、存在的问题，着重对会计标准现状进行论述，提出理顺中央银行货币政策传导机制，提高中央银行清算效率，改进和完善中央银行会计标准，维护金融体系稳健运行的对策建议。

Accounting for Investement Property Under Romanian Accounting System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sava Raluca

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Investment property, an important component of the current assets, need special attention both in terms of their impact on accounting and well as in reporting the annual financial statements. Internationally their accounting treatment is presented by the IAS 40 Investment property issued in 2000 and being operative for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2001 with a number of subsequent amendments.First step in aligning the Romanian accounting system (RAS to the international accounting and financial reporting standards has manifested in terms of properties starting with 2012 but only for the listed companies - OMFP 1286 which has brought significant changes in the execution way of the individual financial statements of these companies and in terms of the accounting presentation of the investment properties and fixed assets held for sale. In accordance with this order and the Romanian accounting rules recognize investment properties as being a separate component of the fixed assets, applying the provisions of IAS 40.This paper deals with the next step by presenting the occurred legislative changes related to the accounting treatment of the investment property, changes that are applicable to all the Romanian companies, not just those listed on the stock exchange, starting from the financial year 2015.

DER NEUE STANDARD IFRS 15 - IASB UND FASB VERABSCHIEDEN EINEN WEITGEHEND EINHEITLICHEN STANDARD ZUR UMSATZREALISIERUNG

OpenAIRE

Bodo Runzheimer

2015-01-01

The international accounting regulations regarding sales revenues have been changed. In May 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the US regulator, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), published together new revenue recording regulations, which will be applied in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) as well as in US-GAAP (United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). The core principle of the new IFRS 15 is that an entity will recog...

Green accounting for greener energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stanojevic, M.; Vranes, S.; Goekalp, I.

2010-01-01

The first step towards the widespread use of renewable energy sources and preservation of our environment for the people of the future is to adopt the ''green accounting'' standards that translate socially and environmentally responsible behavior into monetary terms, the only language businesses understand. These standards have the potential of switching on the red light for all pollution-causing power plants, and those depleting the natural capital in any way, be it over-harvesting the forests, or exhausting the underground treasures - coal, oil, natural gas, etc. This paper will show how green accounting can help in changing the focus from the economic welfare to the total societal welfare, acknowledging the fact that human society is an integral part of the natural world. The paper will also briefly present the software developed by the authors that introduce the green accounting principles into the investment appraisal process, aiming at encouraging investments into renewable energy. The tool is also useful as a platform facilitating calibration of economic/financial instruments, like environmental taxes of governmental incentives, that are usually to boost renewable energy sector. The comparative analysis of investment into biofuel-powered combined heat and power production plant using two types of investment valuation standards, one based on conventional cash-flow analysis, the other based on green-accounting standards is detailed in the paper. The analysis is performed as a part of the European Commission Framework Program Project AFTUR, undertaken by the consortium consisting of respectful European Research Establishments in renewable energy area as well as major European biofuel-powered turbine producers. The results show that the wider adoption of green accounting standards would induce the unprecedented growth of the renewable energy sector, because it would make the investment into renewable energy attractive for investors. (author)

Are hospital quality improvement and public accountability compatible?

Science.gov (United States)

Panzer, R J

1994-07-01

The goals of public accountability and quality improvement are compatible in theory but not necessarily in practice. Both concepts emphasize the customer. However, those working toward these two goals design systems with quite different roles and relationships between the providers and consumers of health care. Superficial interactions obstruct meaningful dialogue about how to build a better system meeting both sets of goals. Current practices of public accountability and quality improvement have fundamentally different paradigms concerning the roles and responsibilities of those who provide and those who consume health care. There are at least three ways to improve the current relationship between public accountability and quality improvement. First, optimizing the design and performance of each effort would be an improvement since the goals are highly compatible. Neither ideal currently meets its own expectations, creating distrust among the proponents of each when reality falls short. Second, the two efforts could be coordinated through joint community-level planning and sharing. Finally and optimally, the two concepts could be made part of the same community-level cooperative system, an approach that offers the greatest opportunity for achieving shared goals.

High impact  =  high statistical standards? Not necessarily so.

Science.gov (United States)

Tressoldi, Patrizio E; Giofré, David; Sella, Francesco; Cumming, Geoff

2013-01-01

What are the statistical practices of articles published in journals with a high impact factor? Are there differences compared with articles published in journals with a somewhat lower impact factor that have adopted editorial policies to reduce the impact of limitations of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing? To investigate these questions, the current study analyzed all articles related to psychological, neuropsychological and medical issues, published in 2011 in four journals with high impact factors: Science, Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet, and three journals with relatively lower impact factors: Neuropsychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied and the American Journal of Public Health. Results show that Null Hypothesis Significance Testing without any use of confidence intervals, effect size, prospective power and model estimation, is the prevalent statistical practice used in articles published in Nature, 89%, followed by articles published in Science, 42%. By contrast, in all other journals, both with high and lower impact factors, most articles report confidence intervals and/or effect size measures. We interpreted these differences as consequences of the editorial policies adopted by the journal editors, which are probably the most effective means to improve the statistical practices in journals with high or low impact factors.

High Impact = High Statistical Standards? Not Necessarily So

Science.gov (United States)

Tressoldi, Patrizio E.; Giofré, David; Sella, Francesco; Cumming, Geoff

2013-01-01

What are the statistical practices of articles published in journals with a high impact factor? Are there differences compared with articles published in journals with a somewhat lower impact factor that have adopted editorial policies to reduce the impact of limitations of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing? To investigate these questions, the current study analyzed all articles related to psychological, neuropsychological and medical issues, published in 2011 in four journals with high impact factors: Science, Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet, and three journals with relatively lower impact factors: Neuropsychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied and the American Journal of Public Health. Results show that Null Hypothesis Significance Testing without any use of confidence intervals, effect size, prospective power and model estimation, is the prevalent statistical practice used in articles published in Nature, 89%, followed by articles published in Science, 42%. By contrast, in all other journals, both with high and lower impact factors, most articles report confidence intervals and/or effect size measures. We interpreted these differences as consequences of the editorial policies adopted by the journal editors, which are probably the most effective means to improve the statistical practices in journals with high or low impact factors. PMID:23418533

ACCOUNTING CONVERGENCE: ISSUES ON TRANSLATION & INTERPRETATION: EVIDENCE IN MALAYSIA

OpenAIRE

Siti Mariana Taliyang; Safrul Izani Mohd Salleh; Rosmaria Jaffar Harun

2013-01-01

The key objective of International Accounting Standard Board (hereafter "IASB") is to assure the international accounting standards with high quality and transparent accounting information to assist users in economic decision making. Despite the standards well published in formal language - English as a communication tools, the question of the consistency is widely discussed among scholars. The aim of this study is to examine if any differences in the interpretation of probability expressions...

Accounting for both local aquatic community composition and bioavailability in setting site-specific quality standards for zinc.

Science.gov (United States)

Peters, Adam; Simpson, Peter; Moccia, Alessandra

2014-01-01

Recent years have seen considerable improvement in water quality standards (QS) for metals by taking account of the effect of local water chemistry conditions on their bioavailability. We describe preliminary efforts to further refine water quality standards, by taking account of the composition of the local ecological community (the ultimate protection objective) in addition to bioavailability. Relevance of QS to the local ecological community is critical as it is important to minimise instances where quality classification using QS does not reconcile with a quality classification based on an assessment of the composition of the local ecology (e.g. using benthic macroinvertebrate quality assessment metrics such as River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)), particularly where ecology is assessed to be at good or better status, whilst chemical quality is determined to be failing relevant standards. The alternative approach outlined here describes a method to derive a site-specific species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on the ecological community which is expected to be present at the site in the absence of anthropogenic pressures (reference conditions). The method combines a conventional laboratory ecotoxicity dataset normalised for bioavailability with field measurements of the response of benthic macroinvertebrate abundance to chemical exposure. Site-specific QSref are then derived from the 5%ile of this SSD. Using this method, site QSref have been derived for zinc in an area impacted by historic mining activities. Application of QSref can result in greater agreement between chemical and ecological metrics of environmental quality compared with the use of either conventional (QScon) or bioavailability-based QS (QSbio). In addition to zinc, the approach is likely to be applicable to other metals and possibly other types of chemical stressors (e.g. pesticides). However, the methodology for deriving site-specific targets requires

Towards the convergence of accounting treatment for intangible assets

OpenAIRE

Ramírez Córcoles, Yolanda

2010-01-01

This study aims at analysing the accounting treatment for identifiable intangible assets. Our research is based on the analysis of the Spanish regulation under the current General Accounting Plan of 2007 (from now on referred to as PGC-2007) and the international regulations stated by two important accounting regulation organisms: the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In particular, we will carry out a comparative study of the...

Ghana : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2004-01-01

This report provides an assessment of accounting and auditing practices within the context of the Ghana institutional framework to ensure the quality of corporate financial reporting. The accounting and auditing practices in Ghana suffer from institutional weaknesses in regulation, compliance, and enforcement of standards and rules. Various weaknesses were identified in the laws and regula...

48 CFR 9904.408 - Accounting for costs of compensated personal absence.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for costs of compensated personal absence. 9904.408 Section 9904.408 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.408 Accounting for costs of compensated...

Giddens’ Triad in Accounting Research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Roberto Macohon

2015-09-01

Full Text Available To understand how the theory of Structuration has been investigated in Accounting, the objective was to analyze Giddens’ Triad in accounting research. Studies in the framework of the theory of Structuration (TS were triangulated. The structural dimension of signification was conceived from a perceptive perspective, that is, when cognitive schemes are used to interpret the reality. Nevertheless, in the accounting information context, Accounting cannot be considered a monolithic tool to interpret the information. From a constitutive perspective, there are the languages that provide for the social construction of reality. With a view to the systematic integration of social practices, the function of Accounting is to standardize the processes among the different organizational sectors. The legitimation structure based on the window-dressing device considers Accounting as a means to reflect the organization’s expectations. Nevertheless, Accounting needs to play a neutral role to conquer the reliability of the information disclosed. The perspective of the sanction mechanisms takes into account the assessments of the interaction forms. Hence, based on the standardization of rules and routines, Accounting can promote the processes of approval, or not, of organizational conducts. In the conception of the domination structure, the authoritative or allocative resources promote the exercise of power. Thus, Accounting can expand its activity sphere and, consequently, participate directly in organizational power disputes. Finally, the ideological mechanism is discussed that considers Accounting as a mechanism that can facilitate the understanding of the structural contradictions of society. Therefore, the accountants need to be agents of changes in the social transformation processes.

48 CFR 9904.415 - Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation. 9904.415 Section 9904.415 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.415 Accounting for the cost of deferred...

The Impact of Approved Accounting Standard AASB 1024 “Consolidated Accounts” on the Information Included in Consolidated Financial Statements

OpenAIRE

Pramuka, Bambang Agus

1995-01-01

The intent of consolidated financial statements is to provide meaningful, relevant, useful, and reliable information about the operations of a group of companies. In compliance with AASB 1024 'Consolidated Accounts', and AAS 24 Consolidated Financial Reports', a parent entity now has to include in its consolidated financial statements all controlled entities, regardless of their legal form or the ownership interest held. The new Standard also pr...

INTEGRATION OF GREEN ACCOUNTING INTO ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihaela Ungureanu

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to present the concept of green accounting, its emergence at an international level, its entry in the Romanian economic environment and, especially, the way it is understood and applied in Romania. It seeks the awareness of managers and accounting professionals on this issue, especially in the context of growing pressure for environmental protection, from the general public, media and investors. An essential role is held by the accounting profession and its relevant legislation, through the elaboration of standards and guidelines in order to support the efforts of changing the mentality of business environment. The companies are also concerned for the future and not only for the present and they understand that environmental investments are not unnecessary expenses that burden the activities, but long-term profits prerequisites.Understanding the concept is difficult without an agreement on its definition. Specialized literature presents different definitions, each author with his own interpretation and vision. This is why professional accountants' reluctance to adopt new ideas and practices of green accounting, this being an unknown territory to them and difficult to entered.

A Denotational Account of Untyped Normalization by Evaluation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Filinski, Andrzej; Rohde, Henning Korsholm

2004-01-01

Abstract. We show that the standard normalization-by-evaluation construction for the simply-typed λβη-calculus has a natural counterpart for the untyped λβ-calculus, with the central type-indexed logical relation replaced by a “recursively defined” invariant relation, in the style of Pitts. In fact......, the construction can be seen as generalizing a computational adequacy argument for an untyped, call-by-name language to normalization instead of evaluation. In the untyped setting, not all terms have normal forms, so the normalization function is necessarily partial. We establish its correctness in the senses...

A study on the conflict and intertwine of the accounting standards and the tax law in asset losses

OpenAIRE

小林, 裕明

2011-01-01

This paper first refers to the key concept of recognition of asset losses under the corporate tax law. The tax law basically restricts the loss deduction and imposes requirements of "settlements" with a fact of physical ormonetary damage for the special loss deduction unless potential nonrecognized losses may be deducted under the accounting standards from the viewpoint of disclosure for asset fair values. This loss deduction rule is derived from the foreseeability and legal stability in calc...

Determining a Consistent Set of Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards : A Research Note Based on the IASB-FASB Conceptual Framework Revision Project

OpenAIRE

Le Manh-Béna, Anne; Ramond, Olivier,

2011-01-01

Following the debate on the Conceptual Framework revision undertaken by the IASB and the FASB, this paper discusses three major concerns about the way financial reporting standards should be determined: (1) What is the role a Conceptual Framework?; (2) For whom and for which needs are accounting and financial reporting standards made?; and (3) What information set should financial reporting provide? We show that the perceived need of a Framework has resulted in practice in weak usefulness We ...

Engaging Accounting Students: How to Teach Principles of Accounting in Creative and Exciting Ways

Science.gov (United States)

Jaijairam, Paul

2012-01-01

Many students in secondary and post-secondary institutions generally have a difficult time grasping the concepts of accounting. This article contends that it is not the subject matter that is dry, but rather the methods in which faculty have traditionally presented accounting fundamentals and principles. Departing from standard lectures and…

Implementing SFAS No 121: Accounting for Impaired Assets.

Science.gov (United States)

Luecke, R W; Meeting, D T; Stotzer, W G

1996-10-01

In March 1995, FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 121: "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of." It establishes accounting standards for assets whose carrying costs have been overstated due to a variety of circumstances that have reduced the value of the assets. Healthcare financial managers should fully understand the statement's implications for their organizations.

Hungary : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2004-01-01

This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Hungary using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS),International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and the relevant portions of European Union (EU) law (also known as the acquis communautaire) as benchmarks. It also draws on ...

NDA systems to support nuclear material control and accounting in spent fuel reprocessing plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simpson, J.C.B.; Clark, P.A.; Nicols, O.P.; Whitehouse, K.R.

1999-01-01

Detailed descriptions of a number of instrument systems relating to accountancy and safeguarding of plutonium operations and storage on Thermal Oxide Plant (Thorp) are provided. The systems described include the Plutonium Inventory Measurement System (PIMS), used to provide Near Real Time Materials Accountancy (NRTMA) information within the Thorp plutonium finishing area; the Product Can Contents Monitor (PCCM), used to verify can weight measurements and isotopic composition and; the In-Store Plutonium Verification Monitor, used to provide in-situ measurements of plutonium in cans whilst they are in their storage channels. These nondestructive systems are necessarily combined with other physical security, surveillance and identification arrangements for the handling and storage of plutonium product cans [ru

Social accountability of medical education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lindgren, Stefan; Karle, Hans

2011-01-01

accountability of medical education must be included in all accreditation processes at all levels. The global standards programme by World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) provides tools for national or regional accreditation but also guidance for reforms and quality improvement. The standards are used......Medical doctors constitute a profession which embraces trust from and accountability to society. This responsibility extends to all medical educational institutions. Social accountability of medical education means a willingness and ability to adjust to the needs of patients and health care systems...... both nationally and globally. But it also implies a responsibility to contribute to the development of medicine and society through fostering competence for research and improvement. Accreditation is a process by which a statutory body evaluates and recognises an educational institution and/or its...

78 FR 34550 - Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Accounting and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-10

... to accounting standards in these rules to the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting... Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification. In accordance with 12 U.S.C. 2252..., Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Accounting and Reporting Requirements; Federal...

Application of IPSAS Standards to the Vietnamese Government Accounting and Financial Statements

OpenAIRE

LE , TRANG THI NHA

2012-01-01

The Vietnamese government has implemented a reform of public financial management in a realm of government accounting. The current government accounting regime has met requirements of budget management. However, it provides very little information of financial position and performance. Furthermore, in the context of the increasing international integration and requirements of public sector management reform, the Vietnamese government accounting needs to be improved with applying full accrual ...

Intermediate Conditions of Democratic Accountability: A Response to Electoral Skepticism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. S. Maloy

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Attempts to respond to “democratic deficits” in modern constitutional republics must contend with the broad scholarly trend of electoral skepticism. While generally casting doubt on periodic competitive elections’ suitability as vehicles of accountability, electoral skepticism does not necessarily entail an absolute devaluation of elections. Some normative and empirical research responds to this trend by refocusing attention on values other than popular power, such as civil peace, which might be served by periodic competitive elections. Another response short of abandoning the value of popular power, however, is to draw out possibilities for institutional design from the restricted conditions under which previous study has found electoral accountability to be plausible or likely. This second task requires an empirically informed exercise in political theory. Pursuing it in a programmatic and policy-relevant way requires descending from the grand, systemic level of constitutional structures and electoral formulae to intermediate (or middle-range institutional conditions of accountability, such as rules about parties, campaigns, and election administration. My analysis reinterprets principal-agent models to develop four general types of crucial condition for electoral accountability, and then ramifies this scheme by reference to recent empirical research. The result is a “top ten” list of specific institutional factors that could be theoretically decisive in helping or hindering electoral accountability. These ten conditions could guide future research designs and reform proposals alike.

Standards-Based Accountability: Reification, Responsibility and the Ethical Subject

Science.gov (United States)

Kostogriz, Alex; Doecke, Brenton

2011-01-01

Over the last two decades, teachers in Australia have witnessed multiple incarnations of the idea of "educational accountability" and its enactment. Research into this phenomenon of educational policy and practice has revealed various layers of the concept, particularly its professional, bureaucratic, political and cultural dimensions…

The Accounting Practices of Heritage Assets

OpenAIRE

Hassan, Nor Laili; Saad, Natrah; Ahmad, Halimah Nasibah; Salleh, Md. Suhaimi Md.; Ismail, Mohamad Sharofi

2016-01-01

Accrual-based accounting is introduced to the government agencies with the intention to hold prudent fiscal management and improve the efficiency of financial management and accounting of the Malaysian Government. For that purpose, Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS) was introduced as a main reference in applying the accrual-based accounting. MPSAS 17 which deals with heritage assets, will take effect in 2017. The study intended to discover how do overseas’ museums report the...

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING MEASUREMENT: INSTRUMENTATION AND CALIBRATION

OpenAIRE

stanley c. w. salvary

2005-01-01

In its Conceptual Framework (CF), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has not identified the observable phenomena and was not able to identify a single measurement property in financial accounting. While identifying aspects of the observable phenomena in financial accounting, the FASB has indicated that there are five measurement attributes which are used in financial accounting and the result is a mixed-attributes model. Lacking a critical underlying theory, the FASB’s Conceptual...

Challenges in accounting the forests - a Latvian case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evija Grege-Staltmane

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Forest has a long production cycle. Therefore forest bookkeepinghas specific characteristics. However accounting for forest activities has received little attention from accounting researchers. The release of International Accounting Standard 41 "Agriculture" (IAS 41 established a single accounting system for forest assets. The paper analyzes application of IAS 41 which regulates forest accounting. Practice of international forestry companies is examined, and current forest accounting situation in Latvia is investigated. The main factors affecting valuation of a forest in its fair value are discussed and major problems in forest accounting are illuminated.The research indicates that land value and standing timber valueshould be recorded separately and standing timber should be estimated at its fair value. Despite the attempt of the International Accounting Standard Board to improve the accounting with IAS 41 for biological assets, much enhancement in forest accounting is still needed.

GASB Achieves Standardization, Recognition.

Science.gov (United States)

Bissell, George E.

1986-01-01

In 1984 the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, created to solidify accounting principles for government entities, enumerated Generally Accepted Accounting Principles endorsed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the National Council on Governmental Accounting. These principles have recently been approved for school…

Integrated reporting – innovation in accounting paradigms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirosława Kwiecień

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The article is an introduction to the issues and results of a new trend in interdisciplinary research, which is integrated reporting. „Violated balance”, characteristic of contemporary global economy, forces us to seek solutions oriented to symbiosis between economic, social and environmental progress, which is the basis for fundamental changes in mental models that determine the way the economic organization oper-ates. On the basis of literature studies, as well as management (of innovation, knowledge, etc. science studies and research on changes in legal regulations of accounting, one can venture to say that the change in accounting paradigms is an innovation which stems from legal requirements. Legislation stimulates conceptuality, including information management, standardization of accounting, etc. Innovation theory refers to technological, organizational and market changes, so a question ariseswhether this theory can be applied to accounting practices as well? In this way an idea emerged for inves-tigating the question if the implementation of legal regulations such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS or the standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI is a manifestation of the inno-vation theory in the development of accounting systems, especially in reporting.

越南会计准则--越南会计国际化的里程碑%Vietnam's Accounting Norms: a Milestone in the Internationalization of its Accounting System

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

梁淑红

2005-01-01

Vietnam issued and promulgated the first accounting standard in 2001, whose Accounting Standards, a milestone of its accounting internalization, is the construction of financial reform in Vietnam so that it will promote the development of the accounting harmonization in ASEAN.

International Accounting Convergences Related to EU Admitance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niculae Feleaga

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Starting from January 1, 2005, member countries of the European Union began the obligatory or optional application of the international standards IAS/IFRS for consolidated accounts, what means a revolution in financial reporting of the enterprises. In regards to the individual accounts (generally based on the national book-keeping standards these will converge gradually to referential international book-keeper on short and medium term. At the world level the process which dominates the accounting systems is the convergence between american and international reference system, followed immediatly more or less by the convergence between national accounting systems and the international one. Where Romania and its specialists are situated confronting this process? A reflection subject which finalises this article.

INTEGRATION LEVEL OF FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS WITH THE ACCOUNTING CONVERGENCE PROCESS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLLERSHIP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréia Carpes Dani

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This study aims to verify the integration level between the financial and management accounting systems as a result of the convergence process with the international accounting standards and of the effectiveness of controllership in Brazilian companies. A descriptive research was undertaken, based on the application of the questionnaire by Angelkort and Weißenberger (2011 to the 500 Best and Biggest of Revista Exame, issue 2011, using a sample of 32 companies that answered the research. The correlations between the integration level of the financial and management accounting systems and the variables “consistency of financial language”, “quality of services provided” and “degree of influence in decision making”, during the convergence period with the international accounting standards, were positive and moderate. It was also observed that the period before the accounting convergence (2004 till 2007 showed a better integration level of the financial and management accounting systems than the accounting convergence period (2008 till 2011. In conclusion, the accounting convergence process increased the integration level of the financial and management accounting systems in the investigated companies, as well as the effectiveness of controllership, particularly in the consistency of the financial language, in the quality of the services provided and in the influence of the controllers’ services on these companies’ decisions.

25 CFR 225.26 - Auditing and accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Auditing and accounting. 225.26 Section 225.26 Indians... SOLID MINERALS AGREEMENTS Minerals Agreements § 225.26 Auditing and accounting. The Secretary may... agreement. Procedures and standards used for accounting and auditing of minerals agreements will be in...

Accounting and Accountability by Provincial Councils in Fiji: the Case of Namosi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nacanieli Rika

2008-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly to examine how the concepts of accounting andaccountability are understood by indigenous Fijians; and secondly to examine the role ofaccounting in the accountability of provincial councils.Provincial councils are part of the Fijian Administration, which runs alongside the centralgovernment but applies only to indigenous Fijians. The Fijian Administration was introducedby the British colonial administration in the late 1800s as a mechanism for controllingindigenous Fijians. It has undergone several reviews resulting from criticisms that it has failedto fulfill the aspirations of indigenous Fijians.There is evidence of implied and actual accountability by indigenous Fijians in Namosi. Thisis supported by monitoring mechanisms established by provincial offices. On the other hand,neither the Fijian Affairs Board nor the Namosi Provincial Council appears to take seriousresponsibility for accounting to indigenous Fijians in the province. Sadly, there is littleevidence to demonstrate an explicit accountability to indigenous Fijians. Significant scopeexists for improving the standard of accounting and accountability by provincial councils.This study contributes to understanding the role of accounting among indigenous peoples, inthe context of inherited colonial structures. It also represents accounting research conductedby indigenous academics, primarily in the Fijian language. This enables an examination ofhow language frames understanding of accounting concepts.

Challenges in accounting the forests - a Latvian case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evija Grege-Staltmane

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Forest has a long production cycle. Therefore forest bookkeeping has specific characteristics. However accounting for forest activities has received little attention from accounting researchers. The release of International Accounting Standard 41 "Agriculture" (IAS 41 established a single accounting system for forest assets. The paper analyzes application of IAS 41 which regulates forest accounting. Practice of international forestry companies is examined, and current forest accounting situation in Latvia is investigated. The main factors affecting valuation of a forest in its fair value are discussed and major problems in forest accounting are illuminated. The research indicates that land value and standing timber value should be recorded separately and standing timber should be estimated at its fair value. Despite the attempt of the International Accounting Standard Board to improve the accounting with IAS 41 for biological assets, much enhancement in forest accounting is still needed. 

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niculae Feleaga

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Feleaga

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Republic of Kazakhstan : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2007-01-01

This report on the report on the observance of standards and codes (ROSC) in Kazakhstan provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Kazakhstan. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and draws on international exper...

20 CFR 725.513 - Accountability; transfer.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Accountability; transfer. 725.513 Section 725.513 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FEDERAL COAL MINE... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT, AS AMENDED Payment of Benefits General Provisions § 725.513 Accountability...

Does fair value accounting provide a better representation of a company?

OpenAIRE

Casta , Jean-François

2004-01-01

International audience; For a number of decades now, at the instigation of Anglo-Saxon standard setters, the basis of the traditional accounting model, or the financial conventions which determine how a company's wealth and income is measured, have been increasingly called into question. This wide-reaching movement, initiated in the United States by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and internationally by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), aims to replace ...

CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS OF WAGES AND RELATED RIGHTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

NĂSTASIE MIHAELA – ANDREEA

2014-02-01

Full Text Available General research area of this article is the issue of employee benefits nationwide and can be placed in the sphere of accounting research at the intersection of the finance research and field research on human resource management. The current conditions of global economic crisis, rewarding staff works on two levels, influencing both the behavior of employees and the efficiency of the economic entity. Wages and related rights are regulated under International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards by IAS 19 "Employee Benefits" and IFRS 2 "Share-based Payment". Concerns over the years, on remuneration, was the International Accounting Standards Board, as in 1998 was developed International Accounting Standard 19 "Employee Benefits" and in 2004 was drafted to International Financial Reporting Standard 2 "Share-based Payment". This article is part of a broader research and through it we tried to address a topical issue that employee benefits and consequences of the degree of economic and financial development of economic entities and living standards of the population.

Fair value accounting and managerial discretion

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Byrne, A.; Clacher, I.; Hillier, D.; Hodgson, A.

2008-01-01

We analyse the extent to which managers exercise discretion under fair value accounting and the value relevance of these disclosures. Utilising a sample of firms that apply the UK fair value pension accounting standard, (FRS-17), we examine the main determinants of the assumptions managers use to

Accounting principles, revenue recognition, and the profitability of pharmacy benefit managers.

Science.gov (United States)

McLean, Robert A; Garis, Robert I

2005-03-01

To contrast pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies' measured profitability by using two accounting standards. The first accounting standard is that which, under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), PBMs are currently allowed to employ. The second accounting standard, seemingly more congruent with the PBM business model, treats the PBM as an agent of the plan sponsor. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 99-19, U.S. Securities and Exchange 10-K filings and financial accounting literature. Under GAAP record keeping, the PBM industry profitability appears modest. Using currently applied GAAP, the PBM treats all payment from the plan sponsor as revenue and all payment to the pharmacy as revenue. However, the PBM functions, in practice, as an entity that passes-through money collected from one party (the sponsor) to other parties (dispensing pharmacies). Therefore, it would seem that the nature of PBM cash flows would be more accurately recorded as a pass-through entity. When the PBM is evaluated using an accounting method that recognizes the pass-through nature of its business, the PBM profit margin increases dramatically. Current GAAP standards make traditional financial statement analysis of PBMs unrevealing, and may hide genuinely outstanding financial performance. Investors, regulators, pharmacies, and the FASB all have an interest in moving to clarify this accounting anomaly.

EMERGING COMMON LAW DECISIONS IN GOODWILL ACCOUNTING REGULATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radu-Daniel LOGHIN

2014-06-01

Full Text Available In respect to financial reporting, statutory accounting standards and regulations form only a part of the normative landscape. Considering the case of common law countries, besides these classic sources of norms and practices there is an alternative base for exercising the professional judgement of the accountant, the case law precedents which drive and supplement in cases accounting regulations. For the purpose of this paper, goodwill accounting is explored from a normative perspective which draws from case law precedents in Zimbabwe and South Africa, two emerging common law countries which share a rich common law heritage, resulting in a set of findings relevant to the understanding of the nature of goodwill as well as an understanding of the factors which lead to early adoption of International Accounting Standards.

Accounting practice diversity in the healthcare industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Robbins, W A; Turpin, R

1993-05-01

A recent study examining accounting practices currently being used to prepare annual hospital financial statements indicates relatively little diversity, regardless of organizational type or size. The study's findings should interest those concerned with healthcare accounting and financial reporting issues, especially healthcare administrators and members of standards setting boards who participate in accounting policy deliberations.

The Information - Connexion Between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florin Radu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In the current context of the market economy development and evolution and development of companies’ activities it is remarked the proper development of economic and financial information. In this paper we shall present both the qualitative characteristics of the accounting information, from national and international perspective, and their classification according to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 2. The need for information is covered by unpublished reports, statements, which include selective information from the financial statements. In the private sector, managers interested in the entity’s performance, turn to financial analysts, who on the basis of economic and financial indicators can give a diagnosis on the health of the entity.

Muhasebenin Uluslararası Harmonizasyonu ve İlke Bazlı Muhasebe Anlayışına Yöneliş(International Harmonization of Accounting and The Drift Towards A Principle-Based Accounting Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali İhsan AKGÜN

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Globalization resulted in the entrance of enterprises into the capital market without any obstacle; globalization of accounting and thus; revealed the obligation of creating an internationally-accepted common accounting standards and harmonizing them. Turkish Code of Commerce (TCC No. 6102 obliges all the enterprises to comply with the Turkish Accounting Standards and Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TAS/TFRS. As a result, correctly understanding the financial position, financial performance and financial analysis of an enterprise for enterprise owners and stakeholdsers who expect financial information from the enterprise is the indicator of an international standardization. The present study addresses international harmonization of accounting and the drift towards a principle-based accounting approach within the framework of the new TCC. After the literature research on international harmonization of accounting, compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS and principle-based accounting approach, the process of obligatory application of the IFRS was addressed on a conceptual basis. Furthermore, compliance with the IFRS and the drift towards a principle-based accounting approach were addressed; and some regulations concerning financial reporting in the new TCC were examined in terms of the accounting standard set to be applied and financial statements to be prepared.

ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS FOR GOODWILL IN AN EMERGING COUNTRY- THE CASE OF ROMANIA

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Raluca Valeria RATIU

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB has been promoting a worldwide accounting harmonization and convergence project for more than a decade now with the declared purpose to increase comparability of financial information worldwide. We conduct a historical and chronological analysis of the evolution of the Romanian accounting and audit regulations and their comparability to the international standards, following a period of more than two decades, post-communism until today. Romanian regulators have adopted many changes of the accounting regulations in a short period of time, moving from the International Accounting Standards (IAS partial adoption, to the European Union (EU directives, to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS. These changes have had an impact on the listed companies which have applied them.

Accounting for Carbon Stocks in Soils and Measuring GHGs Emission Fluxes from Soils: Do We Have the Necessary Standards?

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Antonio Bispo

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Soil is a key compartment for climate regulation as a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs emissions and as a sink of carbon. Thus, soil carbon sequestration strategies should be considered alongside reduction strategies for other greenhouse gas emissions. Taking this into account, several international and European policies on climate change are now acknowledging the importance of soils, which means that proper, comparable and reliable information is needed to report on carbon stocks and GHGs emissions from soil. It also implies a need for consensus on the adoption and verification of mitigation options that soil can provide. Where consensus is a key aspect, formal standards and guidelines come into play. This paper describes the existing ISO soil quality standards that can be used in this context, and calls for new ones to be developed through (international collaboration. Available standards cover the relevant basic soil parameters including carbon and nitrogen content but do not yet consider the dynamics of those elements. Such methods have to be developed together with guidelines consistent with the scale to be investigated and the specific use of the collected data. We argue that this standardization strategy will improve the reliability of the reporting procedures and results of the different climate models that rely on soil quality data.

Accounting Considerations in Public Sector Risk Management Pools.

Science.gov (United States)

Commons, Harriet V.

1987-01-01

The Government Accounting Standards Board's Insurance Issues Project has issued an invitation to comment on two issues: (1) whether governmental risk pools should follow the same accounting principles as commercial insurance companies and (2) financial statement disclosures required of entities with public accountability (MLF)

Social accounting in Albania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gentiana Filipi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Social accounting is the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to society at large. This research paper is focused on the concepts of social and environmental accounting, viewed as an important part of the Albanian policy preparation for European Union integration. Presently, however, the EU notion of corporate engagement and Social accounting is still a new concept in the region. The paper aims to reveal the Albanian reality, as a country with strong aspiration toward EU. For this purpose we have analysed the main initiatives and projects implemented in the region and in Albania aimed at developing corporate social responsibility (CSR. This paper examines the applicable and relevant paragraphs of the global financial reporting standards (IFRS. The relevant paragraphs for environmental accounting have been analyzed in relation to the environmental financial reporting. We believe that this research may serve as a starting point for further studies on this topic. This paper concludes that social and environmental reporting practices are increasing day by day in the region. In Albania the awareness of CSR and how it can be applied is still quite low, perceived mainly as an opportunity to adopt international standards and engage in environmental protection. Hence we believe that improvements in quality of environmental financial reporting are required.

Towards the convergence of accounting treatment for intangible assets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Ramírez Córcoles

2010-10-01

Full Text Available This study aims at analysing the accounting treatment for identifiable intangible assets. Our research is based on the analysis of the Spanish regulation under the current General Accounting Plan of 2007 (from now on referred to as PGC-2007 and the international regulations stated by two important accounting regulation organisms: the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB. In particular, we will carry out a comparative study of the definition, recognition criteria, valuation, amortisation, impairment of value as well as its recovery and information to be provided in the Notes to the Financial Statements. The review of these accounting regulations shows that there is no homogeneous treatment, despite the great advance achieved on this subject, to obtain a higher level of convergence.

IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments)

OpenAIRE

Steiner, Manfred

1997-01-01

IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments). - In: Rechnungslegung nach International Accounting Standards (IAS) / hrsg. von Jörg Baetge ... - Stuttgart : Schäffer-Poeschel, 1997. - S. 923-953

[COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR ACCOUNTING OF CONFOUNDERS IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT IN COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BASE OF THE METHOD OF STANDARDIZATION].

Science.gov (United States)

Shalaumova, Yu V; Varaksin, A N; Panov, V G

2016-01-01

There was performed an analysis of the accounting of the impact of concomitant variables (confounders), introducing a systematic error in the assessment of the impact of risk factors on the resulting variable. The analysis showed that standardization is an effective method for the reduction of the shift of risk assessment. In the work there is suggested an algorithm implementing the method of standardization based on stratification, providing for the minimization of the difference of distributions of confounders in groups on risk factors. To automate the standardization procedures there was developed a software available on the website of the Institute of Industrial Ecology, UB RAS. With the help of the developed software by numerically modeling there were determined conditions of the applicability of the method of standardization on the basis of stratification for the case of the normal distribution on the response and confounder and linear relationship between them. Comparison ofresults obtained with the help of the standardization with statistical methods (logistic regression and analysis of covariance) in solving the problem of human ecology, has shown that obtaining close results is possible if there will be met exactly conditions for the applicability of statistical methods. Standardization is less sensitive to violations of conditions of applicability.

Financial Accounting Constitution or its Referential Matrix

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niculae Feleaga

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Using a simplified approach it may be stated that the financial accounting theoretical framework is structured on three levels. At the first level, reference is made to the accounting objectives. These objectives are fundamental for the theoretical framework. At the second level, we find the accounting information characteristics and explicit mentions about the headings of financial statements. The mentioned characteristics of accounting information represent the basic issues for ensuring its utility. The headings represent the main categories of elements disclosed in the financial statements, like assets and liabilities – these two elements’ definitions brought radical changes both in the accounting thinking and practices. Overall, the second level’s components represent the basis for building the practice directives as a matter of recognition (identification and measurement (evaluation. Inside the third level, the recognition and measurement directives are being detailed, which will be further used by the accounting specialist in order to identify and apply the accounting standards. These two directives enclose postulates, principles and restrictions. Such specifications prove to be useful whenever precise answers must be given to relative financial information issues. Usually, it is accepted that the theoretical framework, also called the accounting framework is the standard-setting, metaphorically speaking is actually the constitution of financial accounting, or in other words, its reference matrix.

The Need for Social and Environmental Accounting Standard: Can Islamic Countries have the Lead?

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Ayman Zerban

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to motivate the Arab scholars and accounting profession in general for the need to intervene on the area of regulating social and environmental accounting more deeply. It is no longer acceptable to ignore the area of social and environmental accounting while it is widely accepted in the developed world. It is not a parasite to our discipline instead it should be an integral part of accounting. We need action because cost of doing nothing is going to be higher. As there are many theoretical perspectives in dealing with this issue in the developed world, this article tries to focus on the Islamic view concerning social and environmental accounting. No single view can help in understanding research questions, only pluralism in perspectives can help us to understand better accounting phenomenon. This study through critical perspective points to the failure of conventional financial reporting to deal with environmental problems and argues that accountability from Islamic accounting perspective is more in alignment with the environment.

Accounting for derivative contracts in an energy environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lewthwaite, T.; Majid, H.; Swingler, N.

1999-01-01

This chapter reviews the latest developments in the accounting for derivative contracts in the energy environment, covering the US accounting and disclosure requirements and the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and the Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus (EITF) 98-10 accounting for energy trading and risk management activities. UK accounting and disclosure requirements and the international point of view are discussed. Three different types of hedges are described

Accounting for derivative contracts in an energy environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lewthwaite, T.; Majid, H.; Swingler, N. [Arthur Andersen (United Kingdom)

1999-07-01

This chapter reviews the latest developments in the accounting for derivative contracts in the energy environment, covering the US accounting and disclosure requirements and the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and the Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus (EITF) 98-10 accounting for energy trading and risk management activities. UK accounting and disclosure requirements and the international point of view are discussed. Three different types of hedges are described.

The Case of a Newly Implemented Modern Management Accounting System in a Multinational Manufacturing Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Watts

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Contemporary management accounting techniques (such as TQM, BSC, JIT are widely lauded by academia but the proposed relevance to business has not necessarily the view held by industry (e.g. Burns & Vaivio, 2001; Chenhall & Langfield-Smith, 1998; Innes et al., 2000. The purpose of this article is to investigate the acquisition by a modern multi-national firm of a major IT-based management accounting program to assess the relevance and usefulness of its functionality by identifying the type(s of systems that are utilised and the rationale for upgrading or modifying its system(s. This study relies on a single case based on two in-depth semi structured interviews with accounting and finance professionals in a multi-national manufacturing company that recently implemented a modern management accounting system. The findings indicate that despite demonstrating some relevance of the management accounting information, the manufacturer deactivated components of the system that were deemed irrelevant at particular levels of the organisation. This paper provides evidence about the non-reliance on management accounting information in a multinational company operating in Australia. The findings in the study imply that relevance is linked to implementation, planning and training will help managers to better prepare themselves in setting up contemporary management accounting systems.

Accounting in Agriculture: Measurement practices of listed firms

OpenAIRE

Rute Gonçalves; Patrícia Lopes

2015-01-01

Based on the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 – Agriculture, this paper examines measurement practices of biological assets and their drivers, under accounting choice theory, given data from 2012. Taking into consideration 324 listed firms worldwide that have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) until 2011, the empirical evidence supports that while a large number of firms measures biological assets at fair value, there are others that refute the presumption of...

CONVERGENCE OF INTERNATIONAL AUDIT STANDARDS AND AMERICAN AUDIT STANDARDS REGARDING SAMPLING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chis Anca Oana

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Sampling is widely used in market research, scientific analysis, market analysis, opinion polls and not least in the financial statement audit. We wonder what is actually sampling and how did it appear? Audit sampling involves the application of audit procedures to less than 100% of items within an account balance or class of transactions. Nowadays the technique is indispensable, the economic entities operating with sophisticated computer systems and large amounts of data. Economic globalization and complexity of capital markets has made possible not only the harmonization of international accounting standards with the national ones, but also the convergence of international accounting and auditing standards with the American regulations. International Standard on Auditing 530 and Statement on Auditing Standard 39 are the two main international and American normalized referentials referring to audit sampling. This article discusses the origin of audit sampling, mentioning a brief history of the method and different definitions from literature review. The two standards are studied using Jaccard indicators in terms of the degree of similarity and dissimilarity concerning different issues. The Jaccard coefficient measures the degree of convergence of international auditing standards (ISA 530 and U.S. auditing standards (SAS 39. International auditing standards and American auditing standards, study the sampling problem, both regulations presenting common points with regard to accepted sampling techniques, factors influencing the audit sample, treatment of identified misstatements and the circumstances in which sampling is appropriate. The study shows that both standards agree on application of statistical and non-statistical sampling in auditing, that sampling is appropriate for tests of details and controls, the factors affecting audit sampling being audit risk, audit objectives and population\\'s characteristics.

48 CFR 9904.420 - Accounting for independent research and development costs and bid and proposal costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.420 Accounting for independent research and development costs and bid and proposal costs. ...

78 FR 21035 - Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Accounting and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-09

... Standards Board Interpretation No. 45 (FIN 45) Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for..., Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Accounting and Reporting Requirements; Federal... references to accounting standards in these rules to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB...

48 CFR 970.3270 - Standard financial management clauses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Standard financial management clauses. (a) The following DEAR and FAR clauses are standard financial... Accounting Standards. (b) The following DEAR clauses are standard financial management clauses. The... systems: (1) 970.5232-7, Financial management system. (2) 970.5232-8, Integrated accounting. (c) Any...

EQUALIZATION OF RESULTS ACCOUNTING POLICIES

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Florentina MOISESCU

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect that different accounting policies have on the outcome of an enterprise, this effect being represented either earnings growth or diminishing it. Deprecation policy, the policy related to inventory, policy provisions and related policy borrowing costs are some of the many other possibilities which affect the content of financial statements. Because national and international accounting standards give businesses the flexibility to choose between different policies, managers take advantage of existing loopholes and draw on creative accounting , so that it answers to the needs of the management team.

The Impact of the Cultural Dimensions on Accounting Practice in Brazil: a perspective based on the Accounting Operators’ Perception

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Bruno Jesus de Lima

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to verify to what extent the cultural dimensions impact the accounting practice in Brazil. To do so, with regard to the cultural dimensions, we used the adapted questionnaire Valued Survey Model 08 (VSM 08, which Hofstede constructed in 2008, and its Portuguese version. In order to capture accounting practices, we applied the questionnaire structured with direct questions to accounting operators, originally used by Chanchani and Willett (2004 and replicated by Almeida and Lisboa (2011 and Karabinar, Canel and Öktem (2012. The final sample consisted of 449 respondents from all over Brazil, divided into the following groups of operators: accounting users, accounting teachers, accounting professionals and accounting students. Considering that there is a diversified number of variables to capture cultural dimensions and accounting practices, we used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA. The factors were extracted through Principal Component Analysis and Varimax extraction. After the factor analysis, a multiple regression was performed with the extracted factors, in which the dependent variable corresponded to the accounting practices, and the independent variables were the cultural dimensions. The results indicate that the accounting operators are mainly conservative and the cultural dimensions that most impact the accounting practice are aversion to uncertainty and distance from power. It was concluded that it is not possible to infer that, at first, the adoption of international accounting standards leads to an improvement in the accounting process, since the countries where these standards were originally conceived (common law tradition have a low aversion to uncertainty and distance from power, something contrary to the findings in this research.

Independent Auditor's Approach to the Concept of Fraud in Accounting Standards

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Handan Bulca

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Control in the field of standards, quality and safety can be increased fraud and error reduction is envisaged. In parallel with these changes, the conditions in the Official Gazette dated 14 March 2014 to companies that provide audit is mandatory. With the implementation of auditing standards and corporate companies will become more transparent. Information users more secure thanks to the information reaching these standards will be able to make healthy decisions. The study also has redefined the concept of independent auditors and the audit process should follow an independent auditor, is also indicated. The focus of the study of the risk of fraud and cheating, Independent Auditing Standards Number 240 constitutes in terms of views.

THE ROLE OF ETHICS FOR COST ACCOUNTING PROFESSSIONALS

OpenAIRE

Petru Stefea; Nita Cornel Gabriel

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to improve the understood importance of ethics for cost accounting professionals as a tool for successful cost accounting system. Also, present study is outpointing the implications of ethical conduct over the cost accounting system and, also, a review of ethical standards and principles for cost accounting professionals. The value contribution of this paper comes from a critical review of the ethics of cost accounting professionals presented by the most important...

Household energy consumption versus income and relative standard of living: A panel approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joyeux, Roselyne; Ripple, Ronald D.

2007-01-01

Our fundamental premise is that energy consumption at the household level is a key indicator of standard of living. We employ state-of-the-art panel cointegration techniques to evaluate the nature of the relationship between income measures and energy consumption measures for seven East Indian Ocean countries. The general finding is that income and household electricity consumption are not cointegrated. Given this finding, we conclude that standard of living measures that rely on income measures and do not include household-level energy consumption information will necessarily miss important indications of both levels and changes of standard of living

[Management accounting in hospital setting].

Science.gov (United States)

Brzović, Z; Richter, D; Simunić, S; Bozić, R; Hadjina, N; Piacun, D; Harcet, B

1998-12-01

The periodic income and expenditure accounts produced at the hospital and departmental level enable successful short term management, but, in the long run do not help remove tensions between health care demand and limited resources, nor do they enable optimal medical planning within the limited financial resources. We are trying to estabilish disease category costs based on case mixing according to diagnostic categories (diagnosis related groups, DRG, or health care resource groups, HRG) and calculation of hospital standard product costs, e.g., radiology cost, preoperative nursing cost etc. The average DRG cost is composed of standard product costs plus any costs specific to a diagnostic category. As an example, current costing procedure for hip artheroplasty in the University Hospital Center Zagreb is compared to the management accounting approach based on British Health Care Resource experience. The knowledge of disease category costs based on management accounting requirements facilitates the implementation of medical programs within the given financial resources and devolves managerial responsibility closer to the clinical level where medical decisions take place.

Impact Analysis of Anti-dumping Responding on New Accounting Standards%反倾销应诉对我国会计准则影响分析

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

袁继安; 王淑川; 边保奇

2011-01-01

This paper analyzes the new corporation accounting principles real value on anti-dumping responding of fair value t criteria and new standards in cost accounting , exposed two key problems remained in the accounting principles.%文章分析了我国会计准则在公允价值计量属性与成本核算的新规定等方面对我国企业反倾销应诉工作的实际价值，阐明了准则在这方面仍然存在的两个关键问题。

ABOUT THE FINANCIAL REPORTING ON THE CAPITAL MARKETS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: REQUIREMENTS OF USING THE IFRS AND THE EQUIVALENCE OF THIRD COUNTRY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aristita Rotila

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The need to build a single European market and to ensure the competitiveness of the community capital markets led to the involvement of European Union in the convergence process taking place on a global level in the realm of financial reporting. This paper is a study on financial reporting for the capital markets in the European Union by analyzing the accounting standards that need to be applied. Specifically, this paper highlights a number of issues concerning: the adoption of IAS / IFRS in the European Union and their compulsory aspect in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the companies listed on a regulated market; the requirement’s extension of using the IFRSs adopted in the European Union to the issuers of certain third countries involving a public offer of securities in European Union or performing transactions with securities on a community regulated market; the establish of a mechanism for the determination of equivalence of certain third country accounting standards with IFRSs in force at European level and, consequently, the possibility of using by some third country issuers, in preparing the consolidated financial statements submitted to the European markets, recognized national standards as equivalent to adopted IFRS.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING QUALITY AND ITS DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS

OpenAIRE

Andra M. ACHIM; Anca O. CHIŞ

2014-01-01

The importance ofhigh-quality financial statements is highlighted by the main standard-setting institutions activating in the field of accounting and reporting. These have issued Conceptual Frameworks which state and describe the qualitative characteristics of accounting information. In this qualitative study, the research methodology consists of reviewing the literature related to the definition of accounting quality and striving for understanding how it can be explained. The main objective ...

Recording environmental assets in the national accounts

OpenAIRE

Carl Obst; Michael Vardon

2014-01-01

Accounting information is a core element of economic decision-making at both national and corporate levels. It is widely accepted that much economic activity is dependent upon natural capital and natural resources—generically termed environmental assets in an accounting context. Environmental assets are under threat of depletion and degradation from economic activity. Consequently, the incorporation of information on environmental assets into standard accounting frameworks is an essential ele...

Nuclear material accounting: The next generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kern, E.A.; McRae, L.P.; O'Callaghan, P.B.; Yearsley, D.

1992-07-01

The Westinghouse Hanford company (Westinghouse Hanford) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have undertaken a joint effort to develop a new generation material accounting system. The system will incorporate the latest advances in microcomputer hardware, software, and network technology. This system, the Local Area Network Material Accounting System (LANMAS), offers greater performance and functionality at a reduced overall cost. It also offers the possibility of establishing a standard among DOE and NRC facilities for material accounting. This report provides a discussion of this system

Nuclear material statistical accountancy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Argentest, F.; Casilli, T.; Franklin, M.

1979-01-01

The statistical accountancy system developed at JRC Ispra is refered as 'NUMSAS', ie Nuclear Material Statistical Accountancy System. The principal feature of NUMSAS is that in addition to an ordinary material balance calcultation, NUMSAS can calculate an estimate of the standard deviation of the measurement error accumulated in the material balance calculation. The purpose of the report is to describe in detail, the statistical model on wich the standard deviation calculation is based; the computational formula which is used by NUMSAS in calculating the standard deviation and the information about nuclear material measurements and the plant measurement system which are required as data for NUMSAS. The material balance records require processing and interpretation before the material balance calculation is begun. The material balance calculation is the last of four phases of data processing undertaken by NUMSAS. Each of these phases is implemented by a different computer program. The activities which are carried out in each phase can be summarised as follows; the pre-processing phase; the selection and up-date phase; the transformation phase, and the computation phase

IMPLICATIONS REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION OF IAS/IFRS IN THE ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

OpenAIRE

Alice Ţînţă; Marilena Zuca

2013-01-01

Implementing international and domestic accounting standards is very difficult. This calls for a discussion referring to the opportunity of adopting standards from other cultures- mentalities deeply rooted into principles- hence the difficulty to implement. Implementing IFRS means more than a simple change of accounting regulations. It represents a new assessment of performance that must be implemented into the entire entity. This new system might enforce decisive changes regarding accounting...

Accounting for group differences in appraisals of social inequality: differential injustice standards.

Science.gov (United States)

Miron, Anca M; Warner, Ruth H; Branscombe, Nyla R

2011-06-01

We tested whether differential appraisals of inequality are a function of the injustice standards used by different groups. A confirmatory standard of injustice is defined as the amount of evidence needed to arrive at the conclusion that injustice has occurred. Consistent with a motivational shifting of standards view, we found that advantaged and disadvantaged group members set different standards of injustice when judging the magnitude of gender (Study 1) and racial (Study 2) wage inequality. In addition, because advantaged and disadvantaged group members formed - based on their differential standards - divergent appraisals of wage inequality, they experienced differential desire to restore inter-group justice. We discuss the implications of promoting low confirmatory standards for changing perceptions of social reality and for motivating justice-restorative behaviour. ©2011 The British Psychological Society.

The update of the accounting procedures in Agricultural Cooperatives.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Enrique Viña Echevarría

2014-06-01

Full Text Available As part of the implementation of Internal Control in Agricultural Cooperatives from the standards established by the General Controller of the Republic, and the harmonization of accounting procedures Cuban Accounting Standards, It is need to update the accounting procedure manuals to guide and regulate the flows, times and registration basis, considering the current legislation, being these the purpose of the discussion in this investigation. The results focused on organizational dynamics of cooperatives, serving the agricultural cooperative sector and its relation to internal control and accounting management guidelines based on economic and social policy of the Party and the Revolution, as well as updating the procedure manuals. It even showed limitations in the application of internal control procedures and accounting according to the current regulations in Cuba, expressing the need to continue its development.

Muhasebenin Uluslararası Harmonizasyonu ve İlke Bazlı Muhasebe Anlayışına Yöneliş(International Harmonization of Accounting and The Drift Towards A Principle-Based Accounting Approach)

OpenAIRE

Ali İhsan AKGÜN

2012-01-01

Globalization resulted in the entrance of enterprises into the capital market without any obstacle; globalization of accounting and thus; revealed the obligation of creating an internationally-accepted common accounting standards and harmonizing them. Turkish Code of Commerce (TCC) No. 6102 obliges all the enterprises to comply with the Turkish Accounting Standards and Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TAS/TFRS). As a result, correctly understanding the financial position, financial perf...

48 CFR 49.602-3 - Schedule of accounting information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Schedule of accounting information. 49.602-3 Section 49.602-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... accounting information. Standard Form 1439, Schedule of Accounting Information, shall be filed in support of...

EMERGING COMMON LAW DECISIONS IN GOODWILL ACCOUNTING REGULATION

OpenAIRE

Radu-Daniel LOGHIN

2014-01-01

In respect to financial reporting, statutory accounting standards and regulations form only a part of the normative landscape. Considering the case of common law countries, besides these classic sources of norms and practices there is an alternative base for exercising the professional judgement of the accountant, the case law precedents which drive and supplement in cases accounting regulations. For the purpose of this paper, goodwill accounting is explored from a normative perspective which...

Standard symmetric operators in Pontryagin spaces : a generalized von Neumann formula and minimality of boundary coefficients

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Azizov, Tomas; Ćurgus, Branko; Dijksma, Aad

2003-01-01

Certain meromorphic matrix valued functions on C\\R, the so-called boundary coefficients, are characterized in terms of a standard symmetric operator S in a Pontryagin space with finite (not necessarily equal) defect numbers, a meromorphic mapping into the defect subspaces of S, and a boundary

Lease Accounting in Australia: Further Empirical Evidence

OpenAIRE

Hassan, Salleh; Christopher, Theo

1998-01-01

Key words: Australia; Accounting standard; Efficient contracting; Lease accounting; Signalling The objective of this study is to examine the economic factors motivating Australian listed lessee firms to adopt capitalization of finance leases policy from 1985 to 1987 as permitted by the transitional provision of AAS 17. Capitalization is considered as the preferred accounting policy for finance leases compared to footnote disclosure. Adopting a joint efficient contracting and quality signaling pers...

The Accounting Policy: Paradoxes of Implementation in Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lukin Vladimir О.

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The article is aimed at researching the contradictions associated with the use of the term of «accounting policy» in Ukraine. It is displayed that in normative documents the formulation of accounting policy does not always meet the requirements of the system of international standards. As a result, accounting policies are often being understand as the measures that are actually related to the accounting organization; an accounting policy is established not only for financial accounting and reporting, but also (not always justified for the managerial and tax accounting. It has been proved that the current accounting policy has not only positive but also negative aspects for the national accounting system.

On the conceptual underpinnings of fair value accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jatinder P. Singh

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The metamorphosis of business processes and corporate strategies is rapidly progressing across the globe. The critical role of intangibles in corporate performance is receiving its due recognition. Complex tradeable financial products are flooding financial markets. In attempts to gear up for the challenge of financial reporting in this upstaged environment, standard setters have substantively restructured reporting systems, with ‘fair value’ being the bedrock thereof. Moving away from the traditional ‘revenue/expense’ matching measure of income towards the ‘asset/liability’ measure together with the adoption of the Hicksian concept of income is clearly discernible in the pronouncements and ongoing projects of the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (hereinafter referred to as FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (hereinafter referred to as IASB . In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the issues that are controversial and equivocal, or those that need further refinement insofar as fair value accounting is concerned.

Welfare standards in hospital mergers.

Science.gov (United States)

Katona, Katalin; Canoy, Marcel

2013-08-01

There is a broad literature on the consequences of applying different welfare standards in merger control. Total welfare is usually defined as the sum of consumer and provider surplus, i.e., potential external effects are not considered. The general result is then that consumer welfare is a more restrictive standard than total welfare, which is advantageous in certain situations. This relationship between the two standards is not necessarily true when the merger has significant external effects. We model mergers on hospital markets and allow for not-profit-maximizing behavior of providers and mandatory health insurance. Mandatory health insurance detaches the financial and consumption side of health care markets, and the concept consumer in merger control becomes non-evident. Patients not visiting the merging hospitals still are affected by price changes through their insurance premiums. External financial effects emerge on not directly affected consumers. We show that applying a restricted interpretation of consumer (neglecting externality) in health care merger control can reverse the relation between the two standards; consumer welfare standard can be weaker than total welfare. Consequently, applying the wrong standard can lead to both clearing socially undesirable and to blocking socially desirable mergers. The possible negative consequences of applying a simple consumer welfare standard in merger control can be even stronger when hospitals maximize quality and put less weight on financial considerations. We also investigate the implications of these results for the practice of merger control.

The Accounting Profession: Serving the Public Interest or Capital Interest?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary A Kaidonis

2008-12-01

Full Text Available As an integral facet of society, the accounting profession has a role in the State and thecorporate sector, and is also expected to serve the public interest. The capacity for theAustralian accounting profession to serve the public interest is considered in the context oflegislation and the accounting standard setting process. Specific reference is made to theCLERP Act 1999 and ASIC Act 2001. It is argued that the combined effect of these Acts is tolegislate bias so that accounting standards privilege the specific needs of holders of capital,that is capital interest. The assumption that capital markets are surrogate for the publicinterest is contested. Accordingly, if the accounting profession follows national objectives tosupport capital markets, it may undermine its role in serving society.

LIABILITY TO SUPPLIERS REPORTING STANDARDIZATION - QUALITY GROWTH FACTOR OF ACCOUNT INFORMATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Raluca

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Under no.11 position paper "Economic and Monetary Union", Romania took responsibility of reporting according to European System of Accounts - ESA 95. Public Institution classification is necessary to delineate the perimeter of general government (S.13, subdividing it into sub-sectors and to define how to consolidate their financial statements. To fulfill this research we used methods of documentary research, observation, analysis and empirical observation. Through the specific procedure of documents observation performed we accomplish delineating the problem in the general context. The empirical experiments produced practical data. The purpose of this study considered the practical applicability of a solution in offering a model of reporting that lead to increased correctness, forwardness, quality, of accounting information provided to their users.

75 FR 13329 - Implications of Financial Accounting System (FAS) 166 on SBA Guaranteed Loan Programs

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-19

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SBA-2010-0005] Implications of Financial Accounting... from the public on: (1) The effect that the accounting changes mandated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 166 have on SBA Lender and investor...

An Exploratory Study of Accounting on Ijarah as Practiced by Malaysian Financial Institutions

OpenAIRE

Shariff, Ros Aniza Mohd; Abdul Rahman, Abdul Rahim

2005-01-01

Prior studies on Ijarah were mainly focusing on the economics, legal and financial aspects, there was, however, so far no in- depth study on accounting for Ijarah. The main objective of this study is to explore the nature of accounting practices as practiced by Malaysian financial institutions. First, the study makes comparison between the Intemational Accounting Standard on leasing (IAS 17); the accounting standard for Ijarah (FAS 8) as developed by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for...

Fair value accounting for financial instruments: some implications for bank regulation

OpenAIRE

Wayne Landsman

2006-01-01

I identify issues that bank regulators need to consider if fair value accounting is used for determining bank regulatory capital and when making regulatory decisions. In financial reporting, US and international accounting standard setters have issued several disclosure and measurement and recognition standards for financial instruments and all indications are that both standard setters will mandate recognition of all financial instruments at fair value. To help identify important issues for ...

试论现行财务会计与报表的缺陷及改进--从企业会计准则（基本准则）的缺陷谈起%On the Defects and Improvement of Current Financial Accounting and Reporting---from the defects of the enterprise accounting standards (basic standards)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

曹苏铁

2016-01-01

China's current enterprise accounting standards - Basic Standards in accounting and accounting elements of the division, the statement of accounting measurement, as well as the understanding and use of the accrual basis, all exist obvious defects. This paper analyzes the defects of the above mentioned defects, and puts forward care his own opinion 1. Do not put“sustainable management”set a foundation for enterprise accounting; 2. The profit should not be included in the accounting elements as the basic classification of accounting; 3. Enterprises in the initial measurement of the accounting elements shall, in general, use the fair value, and surviving measurement is usually follow the historical cost principle; 4. Responsibilities occurred receipt and payment system and implementation system is not “either/or” antagonistic relationship; 5. The traditional income statement can be adapted as income and expenditure.%我国现行企业会计准则—基本准则在会计假设和会计要素划分，对会计计量的表述，以及对权责发生制的理解与运用方面存在着明显的缺陷.本文逐一分析了上述缺陷条款的不妥当之处，并提出了自己的见解：1.不能把“持续经营”设定为企业会计核算的基础；2.利润不应当作为会计的基本分类列入会计要素；3.企业在对会计要素进行初始计量时一般采用公允价值，而存续计量则通常遵照历史成本原则；4.权责发生制与收付实现制不是“非此即彼”的对立关系；5.传统利润表可以改编为新的收入支出表.

Factors Influencing Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Accounting Education

Science.gov (United States)

Alzeban, Abdulaziz

2016-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by accounting educators in their attempts to incorporate IFRS materials in their teaching and explores the impact of various factors (instructor's attitude, size of accounting department, teaching load, type of institution, teaching experience and teaching materials) on the time spent on…

Indicators of working capital management before and after the adoption of the international accounting standards in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taís Duarte Silva

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The issues concerning the adoption of the international standards in Accounting have been frequently discussed, seeking to understand the possible impacts perceived in companies after the enactment of Law No. 11.638 / 2007. In this context, although appropriate working capital management is crucial to the life of organizations, few studies have been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to compare the indicators of working capital management before and after the adoption of the law, these being: Net Working Capital (NWC, Working Capital Requirement (WCR, Cash Balance (CB and Liquidity Ratio (LR. Therefore, a descriptive study was conducted using document analysis of financial statements with a quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 35 economic sectors, calculating the indicators of all companies in these sectors for the period from 2004 till 2013, which permitted the comparison of a four-year period before and four years after the adoption of the international standards. In order to identify significant changes in the indicators, we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The results showed significant changes in the indicators NWC, CB and LR, without significant change in the WCR, which suggests that the financial assets and liabilities have undergone more changes than the operating assets and liabilities

International Financial Reporting standard for Small and Medium-sized entities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z Koppeschaar

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized entities (IFRS for SMEs was published as a standard by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB during July 2009. During 2007 South Africa became one of the first countries and the first country in Africa to early accept the proposed accounting standard (exposure draft of an IFRS for SMEs. The accounting standard will probably also be accepted by numerous other countries. The aim of this article is to investigate the applicability of this accounting standard. The results indicated that the IFRS for SMEs remains too comprehensive for the majority of small companies. The IFRS for SMEs does not satisfy the needs of South African users of small company financial statements, and as a result the accounting requirements should be simplified. KEYWORDS: Financial accounting; Financial reporting requirements; IFRS for SMEs; Small companies; Users of financial statements; Small company financial statements.

THE IMPACT OF NEW CHANGES IFRS ON THE ACCOUNTING OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandra Doroş

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Legislative stages in accordance with IFRS accounting treatment, began to OMF no. 907/2005- approving categories of entities applying accounting rules in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, accounting regulations that comply with European directives, as amended, continued with NBR Order no. 13/2008, NBR Order no. 15/2009, NBR Order no. 9/2010 and ends with NBR Order no. 27/16.12.2010 - for approval of Accounting Regulations in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards applicable to credit institutions.

Comparison of accounting methods for business combinations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaroslav Sedláček

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The revised accounting rules applicable to business combinations in force on July1st 2009, are the result of several years efforts the convergence of U.S. and International Committee of the Financial Accounting Standards. Following the harmonization of global accounting procedures are revised and implemented also Czech accounting regulations. In our research we wanted to see how changes can affect the strategy and timing of business combinations. Comparative analysis is mainly focused on the differences between U.S. and international accounting policies and Czech accounting regulations. Key areas of analysis and synthesis are the identification of business combination, accounting methods for business combinations and goodwill recognition. The result is to assess the impact of the identified differences in the reported financial position and profit or loss of company.

Collaborating with Industry to Enhance Financial Planning and Accounting Education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark Brimble

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Higher education is integral to the professionalisation of financial planning in Australia. However, thetraditional separation between ‘content’ and ‘practice’ in tertiary curriculum does not necessarily equipstudents with the skills required to apply the content in a professional context. Contextualisation of thefinancial planning curriculum requires collaboration between higher education institutions and the professionto develop authentic learning environments, such as work-integrated learning (WIL. This paper describes thecollaboration by one Australian university to develop a professionally integrated Financial Planning andAccounting degree and provides evidence of its impact from an industry perspective. The results reveal a highlevel of industry satisfaction with the degree, substantial professional integration, as well as the developmentof students’ professional skills. Students also developed an improved impression of the university, its studentsand its staff.

QUALITY - SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY - HEALTH AND SAFETY INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AUDIT ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF ISO9001:2008, SA 8000:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 AND ISO 19011:2011 STANDARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina TUDOR

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to present a method of perfecting the audit of the social requirements of the quality social accountability-health and safety integrated management system with the social requirements of BusinessSocial Compliance Initiative (BSCI and Supplier Ethical Data Exchange (SEDEX. The method used was tosupplement the social requirement of SA 8000:2008 standard with the additional requirements of BSCI and SEDEX.The results are based on a correspondence between the requirements of SA 8000:2008 standard and therequirements of BSCI and SEDEX codes of conducts, because some of BSCI and SEDEX requirements are moredetailed than SA 8000:2008 standard requirements which are the base for the implementation of socialrequirements of the quality-social accountability-health and safety integrated management system. A check list waselaborated with the integrated social requirements of SA 8000:2008, BSCI and SEDEX. The check list is related tochild labour, forced and compulsory labour, health and safety, freedom of association & right to collective bargaining, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours, remuneration and management system. Theconclusion of the paper is that the elaborated check list allows the quality-social accountability-health and safety integrated management system audit to match to the requirements of BSCI and SEDEX.

Value Relevance of Accounting Information in the United Arab Emirates

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Jamal Barzegari Khanagha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the value relevance of accounting information in per and post-periods of International Financial Reporting Standards implementation using the regression and portfolio approaches for sample of the UAE companies. The results obtained from a combination of regression and portfolio approaches, show accounting information is value relevant in UAE stock market. A comparison of the results for the periods before and after adoption, based on both regression and portfolio approaches, shows a decline in value relevance of accounting information after the reform in accounting standards. It could be interpreted to mean that following to IFRS in UAE didn’t improve value relevancy of accounting information. However, results based on and portfolio approach shows that cash flows’ incremental information content increased for the post-IFRS period.

Republic of Tunisia : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2006-01-01

This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Tunisia. The analysis of practices is based among others on the review of a sample of 16 financial statements prepared in accordance with Tunisian accounting standards, including 6 listed enterprise sector companies, 3 listed credit institutions and 3 insurance undertakings (of which 2 are listed). The assessment uses International Finan...

Adoption of IFRS in Brazil: Effects on Accounting Conservatism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erivelto Fioresi de Sousa

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The objective in this study is to investigate the effect of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS on the degree of conditional conservatism in the financial statements of companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA. Considering that the convergence process with the international standards aims for the standardization of accounting information disclosure and the enhancement of its quality, the goal was to investigate the quality standards of the accounting information in Brazilian companies after the adoption of the IFRS in the phases characterized by the period 2008, when accounting pronouncements (CPC 1 to 14 were adopted, and as from 2010, when the adoption of the full IFRS became compulsory. Therefore, a sample of financial statements was used from 320 companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA between 2000 and 2012. As a proxy of information quality, the attribute Conservatism was used, as proposed by Basu (1997 and Ball and Shivakumar (2005. The results did not evidence changes in the degree of conservatism in the statements analyzed.

Changes to the Intermediate Accounting Course Sequence

Science.gov (United States)

Davidson, Lesley H.; Francisco, William H.

2009-01-01

There is an ever-growing amount of information that must be covered in Intermediate Accounting courses. Due to recent accounting standards and the implementation of IFRS this trend is likely to continue. This report incorporates the results of a recent survey to examine the trend of spending more course time to cover this additional material.…

Standards for backscattering analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitchell, I.V.; Eschbach, H.L.

1978-01-01

The need for backscattering standards appears to be twofold and depends on the uses and requirements of the users. The first is as a calibrated reference by which samples of a similar nature to the standard may be absolutely compared. The second is as a means of intercomparing the relative results obtained by different laboratories using, as near as possible, identical samples. This type of comparison is of a relative nature and the absolute values are not necessarily required. In the present work the authors try to satisfy both needs by providing identical samples which have been absolutely calibrated to a high accuracy. Very thin copper and vanadium layers were evaporated onto bismuth implanted silicon crystals and on glass plates under carefully controlled conditions. The mass of the deposits was determined in situ using a sensitive UHV microbalance. In addition, two quartz oscillator monitors were used. The samples have been analysed by Rutherford backscattering and the absolute quantity of bismuth determined by a comparison with the known amounts of deposited material. (Auth.)

FUTURE CHALLENGES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING IN TRADE BANKS

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Radka Andasarova

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Trade banks are on the threshold of the introduction of two big projects which would qualitatively change the organization of accounting. The first one is the adoption of long-expected accounting standard Financial instruments IFRS 9, and the second is connected to the introduction of new world standards in bank capital famous as Basel III - a global, voluntary regulatory standard on bank capital adequacy, stress testing and market liquidity risk, through accepted in June 2013 by the EU Capital Requirements Directive 2013/36/EC and Capital Requirements Regulation 575/2013.

Incorporating Sustainability Issues into the Financial Accounting Curriculum

Science.gov (United States)

Haskin, Daniel L.; Burke, Megan M.

2016-01-01

Changes in the views that society holds of capital allocation suggest that sustainability reporting needs to be incorporated into the financial accounting curriculum. This paper reviews the background and history of corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting and discusses formation of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board…

New physics beyond the standard model of particle physics and parallel universes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plaga, R. [Franzstr. 40, 53111 Bonn (Germany)]. E-mail: rainer.plaga@gmx.de

2006-03-09

It is shown that if-and only if-'parallel universes' exist, an electroweak vacuum that is expected to have decayed since the big bang with a high probability might exist. It would neither necessarily render our existence unlikely nor could it be observed. In this special case the observation of certain combinations of Higgs-boson and top-quark masses-for which the standard model predicts such a decay-cannot be interpreted as evidence for new physics at low energy scales. The question of whether parallel universes exist is of interest to our understanding of the standard model of particle physics.

46 CFR 403.100 - Applicability of system of accounts and reports.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... accordance with the guidelines of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. These guidelines are available by writing to the Director, Great Lakes Pilotage... PILOTAGE UNIFORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM General § 403.100 Applicability of system of accounts and reports. Each...

CONVERSION OF FOREIGN COMPANIES ACCOUNTS IN THE ACCOUNT CONSOLIDATION PROCESS IN ROMANIA UNDER THE CLOSING RATE METHOD

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Mariana BANUTA

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article approaches a topical theme of debate both in the professional academic environment and especially in the economic practice, i.e. the manner of converting the accounts of foreign companies in the account consolidation process, in Romania. We analyse the conditions of applying the accounting regulations related to the consolidation of accounts, in Romania, focusing on the manner of converting the accounts of the foreign companies according to Order no. 1802/2014 approving the accounting regulations on individual annual financial statements and consolidated annual financial statements and to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS. We focused on the presentation of the practical method of applying the conversion of the accounts of the foreign companies according to the closing rate method, because irrespective of the accounting referential applied by the parent company for consolidation, this method occurs in the pre-consolidation stage, if the group leader has affiliates abroad, and the individual financial statements of the companies in the consolidation perimeter have different disclosure currencies.

Institutional Environment,Local Government Behaviors, and the Construction of Governmental Accounting Standards%制度环境、地方政府行为与政府会计准则制定

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

潘俊; 陈志斌; 刘子怡

2013-01-01

在具有中国特色的财政分权制度环境下，影响政府会计体系建设和政府会计准则制定的因素错综复杂。作为利益相关者之一的地方政府，其行为必然影响政府财务信息需求及其披露。研究发现，地方政府举债的影响和债务风险管理的规范，基于解除公共受托责任目标的政府绩效评价体系构建，政府审计制度的约束和审计职能的发挥，都会对政府财务信息需求和政府会计准则的制定起到积极推动作用。我国政府会计准则的制定应选择以原则为主、规则为辅的导向；由财政部主导、多机构共同参与的制定主体既能保证准则的专业性和权威性，又能降低准则制定成本；以概念框架法构建政府会计基本准则和具体准则，能促进准则体系的协调优化；遵循严谨、完整的允当程序，会提升政府会计准则制定的质量和反馈效率。%Under the institutional background of fiscal decentralization with Chinese characteristics, the construction of governmental accounting system and the setting of related accounting standards are influ-enced by various complicated and perplexing factors.Certainly,behaviors of the local government,one of the stakeholders,have impacts on the demand for governmental financial information and disclosure.Theo-retical analysis reveals that the construction of financial information requirements and governmental account-ing standards are motivated by many factors,which include the consequence of local government debt and its risk management criterion,the establishment of performance evaluation system based on the goal of removing stewardship,and the function of governmental auditing.A principle-oriented approach,assisted by rules, should be adopted in Chinese governmental accounting standards setting.A standard setting body led by the Ministry of Finance and participated with various institutions would make standards professional and

Financial statements and other accounting issues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graham, G.M.

1998-01-01

The main components of the proposed new National Instrument 52-104 and Companion Policy 52-104CP resulting from the efforts of the Canadian Securities Administrators to reformulate accounting related securities policies are discussed. National Instrument 52-104 replaces several national policies which dealt with the requirement to follow generally accepted accounting principles and generally accepted auditing standards. Implications of the new rules for the oil and natural gas industry are reviewed

Accounting As the Language of Business?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Torfason, Asgeir B.; Musacchio Adorisio, Anna Linda

financial numbers to be reliable and trusted. The other, in the standard accounting rules for reporting cash flow of banks that were implemented decades ago are still in place unchanged after the crisis. According to basic theory in finance and accounting these numbers are presented to measure liquidity......The global financial crisis that started in 2007 demonstred not only a collapse of the financial system but also a failure in financial communication. The analytical substance taken for granted in accounting information turned out to be questionable. Published numbers from financial statements...... in annual reports of banks did not communicate or signal potential problems ahead. Both the academic disciplines of accounting and economics have been criticised together with banking and finance industries since the crisis. Accounting is said to be the language of business but its meaning or message...

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE IMPACT OF CONVERGENCE ON THE ACCOUNTING COMMUNICATION PROCESS OF WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION

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Maria SANDU

2011-09-01

Full Text Available In the context of the phenomenon of international harmonization and standardization of accounting, financial and accounting information quality has improved significantly in recent years. General societal development, modernization and restructuring of the economy lead to demand amplification and diversification of financial accounting information. Optimizing the management of scarce resources require an accounting of expenditures and a further reduction in profit maximization. To improve accounting and financial disclosure, transparency and creating a healthy business environment and credible way the efforts are global. Since 2002, the EU is trying to align with European standards of accounting to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS and also use a single language in the conduct of business by finding a point of convergence between European and United States accounts.

CONSIDERATIONS ON IASB RECENT ISSUED STANDARDS

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Valentin Burca

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Recent financial crisis has raised numerous dilemmas around the accounting information relevance. History has drawn a clear trend in favour of international accounting convergence. The solution of IFRS, accepted as a global set of accounting standards, seems to be the proper solution for all players of the markets. The standard - setting mechanisms promoted by IASB encourage an increasing number of countries to adopt IFRS, in different ways. But questions remain regarding several controversial accounting areas such as impairment of assets, provisions, off - sheet accounting, fair value, fiscal impact on accounting treatments and so on. This article tries to reveal several aspects regarding IASB efforts on drawing a strategy of continuous improvement focused on increasing transparency and trust in financial reports. The article aim to make a short review about the main projects of research finalised by IASB, in cooperation with FASB and other national accounting regulators.

The Dynamics of Terms in Accounting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A.; Nielsen, Sandro

2011-01-01

. However, an analysis of online dictionaries shows that these cannot cope with the dynamic nature of accounting terminology. We discuss a network of internet dictionaries in English, Danish, and Spanish that was compiled using the functional approach to specialised lexicography. We show how terminologists...... can work in subject fields where culture and context play a key role in the development of nationally accepted and internationally recommended terms, and propose ways to remedy deficiencies identified in the dictionaries examined. Finally, we discuss strategies for translating English metaphorical......European accounting terminology is dynamic as term creation and formation occurs on national, European Union and international levels. Although English is the lingua franca of accounting, international accounting standards in English exist on a par with their translations into other languages...

Definition of the Compute Accounting Record (CAR)

CERN Document Server

Guarise, A.

2011-01-01

In this document we define a Compute Accounting Usage Record on the basis of the already existing OGF UR V1.0 standard. The existing standard has been slightly modified both in syntactical and semantic aspects to allow for greater interoperability for the existing middleware layers and taking into consideration existing grid use cases.

The Republic of Montenegro : Accounting and Auditing

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2007-01-01

This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Montenegro. It uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and the relevant portions of the European Union (EU) body of law (also known as the acquis communautaire), as benchmarks.

Accelerated radiochemotherapy in pancreatic cancer is not necessarily related to a pathologic pancreatic function decline in the early period

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horst, Eckehard; Seidel, Matthias; Micke, Oliver; Ruebe, Christian; Glashoerster, Marco; Schaefer, Ulrich; Willich, Normann A.

2002-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the functional effects of ionizing radiation in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer in the early period after accelerated radiochemotherapy (ART). Methods and Materials: To analyze the exocrine component, the amino acid consumption test and fecal elastase 1 were performed in 13 patients immediately before and 4-8 weeks after ART. Pancreatic duct morphology was evaluated before therapy. Weight loss and clinical steatorrhea were recorded. Endocrine parameters were examined according to standardized criteria. Results: The relative change of the amino acid consumption test results and the median elastase concentration was 41.2% and 56.4%, respectively. Five patients still had normal test results after ART and 5 patients developed pathologic values. The median relative weight loss of the total body weight was 7.7% ± 4.5%. No steatorrhea occurred. Of the 5 patients with normal values, 3 had a mean organ dose of 41 Gy. The endocrine function measurements remained unchanged. Conclusion: Although a nominal reduction of exocrine function parameters occurred in most patients, ART was not necessarily related to a pathologic level in the early period. Diabetes was not established. The functional impairment that was existent in the patient population presumably contributed to the weight loss. Pancreatic enzyme preparations may also play a role in maintaining an anabolic state during and after radiochemotherapy

The Problems of Accounting in a Public Institution: The Case of Slovenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meta Duhovnik

2007-12-01

Full Text Available In the article the author determines that, due to changes during the privatisation process, the Slovenian framework for public institution accounting is unable to assure the relevant presentation of costs, benefits and effects. She therefore proposes certain changes based on solutions applied in the private sector accounting practices. Her conclusions and recommendations, however, are based on a need for a true and fair measurement of a public institution’s results. The recommended way to achieve this goal is the proper application of solutions included in the International Public Sector Accounting Standards issued by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board of the International Federation of Accountants.

Standard classification: Physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977-01-01

This is a draft standard classification of physics. The conception is based on the physics part of the systematic catalogue of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and on the classification given in standard textbooks. The ICSU-AB classification now used worldwide by physics information services was not taken into account. (BJ) [de

48 CFR 9903.302-2 - Change to a cost accounting practice.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Disclosure Statement, except for the following: (a) The initial adoption of a cost accounting practice for... accounting practice. 9903.302-2 Section 9903.302-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT COVERAGE CAS Rules and Regulations 9903.302-2 Change to a cost...

A Literature Review on the Determinants of Accounting Quality

OpenAIRE

DEMİREL ARICI, Nuray; KARĞIN, Mahmut

2017-01-01

Since accounting quality contains conceptually more than one dimension and measure, it is difficult to be stated with only one definition. However, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) dealt with the concept from a utilitarian approach. In other words, if accounting provides useful information to users in their decision making process, then it is well-qualified. Qualitative characteristics that are useful in terms of accounting information need to be addressed in Conceptual Framewo...

76 FR 3142 - Release of Exposure Draft Technical Bulletins; Accounting for Oil and Gas Resources and Federal...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-19

... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Release of Exposure Draft Technical Bulletins... Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice. Board Action: Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 3511(d), the Federal... October, 2010, notice is hereby given that the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) has...

Why good accountants do bad audits.

Science.gov (United States)

Bazerman, Max H; Loewenstein, George; Moore, Don A

2002-11-01

On July 30, President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act addressing corporate accountability. A response to recent financial scandals, the law tightened federal controls over the accounting industry and imposed tough new criminal penalties for fraud. The president proclaimed, "The era of low standards and false profits is over." If only it were that easy. The authors don't think corruption is the main cause of bad audits. Rather, they claim, the problem is unconscious bias. Without knowing it, we all tend to discount facts that contradict the conclusions we want to reach, and we uncritically embrace evidence that supports our positions. Accountants might seem immune to such distortions because they work with seemingly hard numbers and clear-cut standards. But the corporate-auditing arena is particularly fertile ground for self-serving biases. Because of the often subjective nature of accounting and the close relationships between accounting firms and their corporate clients, even the most honest and meticulous of auditors can unintentionally massage the numbers in ways that mask a company's true financial status, thereby misleading investors, regulators, and even management. Solving this problem will require far more aggressive action than the U.S. government has taken thus far. What's needed are practices and regulations that recognize the existence of bias and moderate its effects. True auditor independence will entail fundamental changes to the way the accounting industry operates, including full divestiture of consulting and tax services, rotation of auditing firms, and fixed-term contracts that prohibit client companies from firing their auditors. Less tangibly, auditors must come to appreciate the profound impact of self-serving biases on their judgment.

Impacts of Reinsurance Operations on Significant Items of the Financial Statements of Commercial Insurance Companies According to Czech Accounting Legislation and International Accounting Standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jana Gláserová

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The principal aim of the paper is to determine the impact of reinsurance operations in commercial insurance companies, in accordance with the relevant accounting legislation, for certain significant items of the financial statements. In actual fact, the reinsurance operations affect the profit of a commercial insurance company, following the financial statements. The prerequisite for fulfilling the objective of the paper is to analyse the accounting legislation for reinsurance operations in commercial insurance companies. Attention will be devoted also to the method of accounting for reinsurance operations and their specific reporting in various parts of the financial statements of commercial insurance companies. The partial aim of this paper is to identify significant differences in the area of accounting of commercial insurance companies, based on the comparison of accounting practices of the issues examined in accordance with IAS/IFRS. In the conclusion, the authors will address the latest development of necessary steps in adopting the concept of IFRS 4 Phase II and accomplishing the process of the application of IFRS 4 Phase II to the accounts of commercial insurance companies.

Botswana - Accrual Accounting Policy Note and Guide

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2011-01-01

This paper comprises two volumes: volume one, this concise policy and guidance note that deals with the request as outlined, and a volume two which provides more detailed technical guidance on the implementation of International Public Sector accounting Standards (IPSAS) accrual based standards. Recommended reforms directly relevant to this paper include: 1) fiscal reforms on both the reve...

Accounting bases of theory: Why they matter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zafeer Nagdee

2016-11-01

Full Text Available It is widely agreed that contemporary accounting practice is largely based on the application of professional accounting standards rather than on the application of sound, academic bases of theory. This has led to uncertainty within the field which has in turn inhibited the ability of accounting to develop into a more robust academic discipline. In conducting a thematic analysis of existing literature, this study will identify and expand on three key themes which will collectively establish the argument positing that a lacking basis of accounting theory has impaired the scholastic development of accounting practice worldwide. By introducing this argument to the academic community, this study will expose the economic risks associated with accounting’s absent bases of theory and will consequently add value by highlighting the need for additional research into the development, clarification and refinement of accounting theories that will result in more useful accounting practices worldwide

48 CFR 9904.407 - Use of standard costs for direct material and direct labor.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.407 Use of standard costs for direct...

Teaching Special Decisions in a Lean Accounting Environment

Science.gov (United States)

Haskin, Daniel

2010-01-01

Lean accounting has become increasingly important as more and more companies adopt the lean enterprise model or some variation of it. Cost and managerial accounting textbooks continue to use, almost exclusively, models based on standard overhead absorption, which if used in a lean environment will not accurately reflect the benefits from the…

The ethics of tax accounting. Is there a conflict?

OpenAIRE

TOMA, LOREDANA OANA

2016-01-01

Until the last century, the business environment use a variety of tax engineers in order to distort the tax base. The starting point in calculating taxes are accounting information but in accounting, ethics standards are based on integrity, fairness and impartiality. Can be considered taxation the main factor of accounting truth distortion or the engine of creative accounting? In such cases the present paper provide a framework with which to evaluate these situations. This paper also present...

ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM - QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AT TRADE ENTITIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CARAIMAN ADRIAN-COSMIN

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Financial and accounting information systems, today, no longer are the traditional ones, they are subject to the normalisation and harmonisation, in the idea of globalization, and as a natural consequence of this situation, the users of accounting information require more and more diverse information from these systems. The economic entities in general, and those in the trade, in particular, performance management, management of the current situation, with multiple phenomena of crisis, require substantiation of decisions on the basis of a system of real information, pertinent, relevant and provided in a timely manner (Radu, 2011 [7]. Apart from users and goals of information provided by entities of the accounting information system of trade entities, they must have certain qualitative characteristics that facilitate the process of interpretation and use of accounting information. At the same time they are needed because their accounting information through its better goal, to represent the support base for the elaboration of certain decisions by those interested. In this article I propose to introduce qualitative characteristics of accounting information provided by IASB (International Accounting Standards Board, which, incidentally, have been taken up initially by the Romanian accounting regulations, with their subsequent amendments and additions, so far, because, in the end, as a conclusion, I consider that I should be noted that these qualities cannot be effective unlessin turn, the users themselves have the quality to have the knowledge required to understand the information that is intended for them.

THE INTERFACE BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena HLACIUC

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to offer useful information about the about the two branches of accounting, management accounting and financial accounting. The role of management accounting is to make the life easier for managers and to facilitate decisions that have to take on the production process or the smooth running of the business. The managers are in a continues need of various information, from the evolution of economics processes of the companies they are leading, up to the external environment. They required data information by different techniques, statistics, graphs, mathematical calculations, to substantiate the decision to take by data value, and not just rely on technical or quantitative. Financial accounting do not offer detailed information about the evolution or informational needs of managers, this is designed external users, like: state institutions, the competition, banks, suppliers, customers who do not require daily information about the entity. Instead, the manager request the detailed information, at irregular intervals, about the production process, the labor productivity, activity reports, internal entity, which often is not available to external users of accounting information. The financial accounting is based on several conventions, laws, standards, helping financial data are comparable over time or between similar entities. The financial accounting offers information about the performance and financial position of the entity and making it intelligible at the same time by all the users. In the case of management accounting, the information do not have an standard presentation, the reports offers information about money, the moment when those have to be paid and the moment when they come back, as receipts. The management accounting it provides futures information and what will happen, in contrast to financial accounting, who provides information about the past and what just happened. Management information uses tools

Revising The Standards For Financial Reporting In Ghana | Appiah ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The need to strengthen financial reporting through standard setting in Ghana has been examined. The roles of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana) and Ghana National Accounting Standards Board were found not to be addressing the revision and updating of the standards, and bringing the procedures and ...

Higgs bosons in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model at the LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellwanger, Ulrich

2011-01-01

We review possible properties of Higgs bosons in the NMSSM, which allow to discriminate this model from the MSSM: masses of mostly standard-model-like Higgs bosons at or above 140 GeV, or enhanced branching fractions into two photons, or Higgs-to-Higgs decays. In the case of a standard-model-like Higgs boson above 140 GeV, it is necessarily accompanied by a lighter state with a large gauge singlet component. Examples for such scenarios are presented. Available studies on Higgs-to-Higgs decays are discussed according to the various Higgs production modes, light Higgs masses and decay channels. (orig.)

The Impact of the International Accounting Convergence on Income Smoothing in Brazillian Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Carlos Klann

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In Brazil, the converg ence to IASB standards began in 2008 with the entry into force of the Lawn. 11.638/07. This study has as objective to verify the influence of the convergence process to the international accounting standards in income smoothing level in Brazilian companies. The study has a quantitative approach, based on the model of Barth, Landsman and Lang (2008, was carried out from the financial statements of 133 companies in the period of 2005-2007 (pre -IFRS totaling 344 observations, as well as 106 companies in the period of 2010 - 2012 (post-IFRS, totaling 289 observations. The financial statements were extracted from Thomson ONE Banker website. In the data analysis, were applied statistical techniques of multivariate linear regression, Ftest and Pearson correlation. The results show a rising in income smoothing levels after convergence. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the process of convergence of accounting standards of the country to international standards, in order to get better quality of accounting information, does not depend only on the convergence of accounting standards.

Modeling RHIC using the standard machine formal accelerator description

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pilat, F.; Trahern, C.G.; Wei, J.

1997-01-01

The Standard Machine Format (SMF) is a structured description of accelerator lattices which supports both the hierarchy of beam lines and generic lattice objects as well as those deviations (field errors, alignment efforts, etc.) associated with each component of the as-installed machine. In this paper we discuss the use of SMF to describe the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) as well as the ancillary data structures (such as field quality measurements) that are necessarily incorporated into the RHIC SMF model. Future applications of SMF are outlined, including its use in the RHIC operational environment