Report on current status of petroleum substituting energy development in the USA in FY 1997; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (sekiyu daitai energy kaihatsu no genjo (Beikoku))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

In the last twenty-five years, the level of social recognition for the importance of energy conservation grew progressively from a total nonexistence of concern to the driving force that ensures the future environmental health of the nation and the world. Executive Order 12003, relating to energy policy and conservation, was signed by President Jimmy Carter and dated July 20, 1977. In 1992, President Clinton issued Executive Order 12759 - federal Energy Management. Each agency will prescribe policies under which its industrial facilities in the aggregate increase energy efficiency by at least 20% in fiscal 2000 in comparison to fiscal 1985. Current Federal programs for building efficiency are estimated to result in 31.5 billion dollars in annual energy saving for consumers by 2010. Future trends attract attention. The major programs currently in force to implement these policies and directives include Rebuild America, Million Solar Roofs Initiative, Home Energy Rating Systems, and Weatherization Assistance Program. 37 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.

Report on current status of petroleum substituting energy development in the UK in FY 1997; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (sekiyu daitai energy kaihatsu no genjo (Eikoku))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Blair`s cabinet of the UK, as soon as it was formed, started a review of all policies of the past Conservative government, including the area of energy and environment. The Labour Party has already underlined its commitment to promoting petroleum substituting, i.e., renewable energy. The government made clear that the unique British NFFO Scheme to promote sources of renewable energy would continue and in November, 1997 published the policy guide for the fifth round of NFFO bidding. The British energy market is generally considered to be the most liberalized for free competition in Europe and even the retail market for households is going to be completely open for competition in electricity and gas supply by 1998. As to the regulation of the green house gas exhaust, the Labour Party has put forward a target to cut 20% of the exhaust level of 1990 by the year 2010. The government is now preparing measures for its implementation. At present, the EU is debating the draft of the landfill directive. In the UK, the construction of waste incineration and power generating plants with modern technology is now being promoted. 27 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on the development of technologies for utilizing biological resources such as complex biosystems. Development of technologies for producing substitute fuel for petroleum by utilizing organisms; 1997 nendo fukugo seibutsukei nado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Technologies of producing useful substances using the substance decomposing/producing functions of complex biosystems and methods of their handling are developed. In the utilization of microbes in the digestive tracts of termites and longicorns, it is made clear that several kinds of termites cleave the {beta}-O-4 ether linkage. In relation to technologies for wood decomposing complex microbial system construction and complex vector system development, a screening system is constructed in which strains that exhibit complex actions are combined. Concerning the advanced utilization of tropical oil plants, conditions are determined for inducing callus out of oil palm tissues. Out of oil palm sarcocarp tissues, mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) is isolated for the construction of a cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) library. For the purpose of isolating a powerful promoter, a partial base sequence is determined for ubiquitin that frequently expresses itself in cells. A pathogenic bacterium ailing the oil palm is sampled for identification, and it is inferred that the bacterium is a kind of Ganoderma boninense. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the development of the utilization technology of biological resources such as bioconsortia. Development of the petroleum substituting fuel production technology using biology; 1998 nendo fukugo seibutsukei nado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the purpose of establishing the analysis technology and industrial utilization technology required for the establishment of the utilization technology of consortia's high functions which are already used in the fermentation technology field over the limit of the conventional bio-technology using functions of single biological species, study was made. As a part of the study, the establishment was aimed at of the high-grade utilization technology of seaweed/algae using the degradation/conversion functions of the consortium base and the useful substance production technology by interaction of the consortium base of organism and flora/fauna. Studies for the establishment of the technology were made in the following two fields: technology to use unused resources such as lignocellulose and technology to produce petroleum substituting useful resources. As to the technology to use unused resources, the establishment was proceeded with of the technology to degrade/convert the seaweed-origin acidic polysaccharide into the useful substance using the consortium system. In FY 1998, in search of the excellent microorganism consortia which can degrade/solubilize carageenan, samples were picked up from the underwater of the Republic of Palau and incubated in the flat culture medium. Thirty-eight kinds of the degraded bacterium group were acquired. Using the degraded bacterium group, {kappa}-carrageenan was degraded and analyzed of the products. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the development of the utilization technology of biological resources such as bioconsortia. Development of the petroleum substituting fuel production technology using biology; 1998 nendo fukugo seibutsukei nado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the purpose of establishing the analysis technology and industrial utilization technology required for the establishment of the utilization technology of consortia's high functions which are already used in the fermentation technology field over the limit of the conventional bio-technology using functions of single biological species, study was made. As a part of the study, the establishment was aimed at of the high-grade utilization technology of seaweed/algae using the degradation/conversion functions of the consortium base and the useful substance production technology by interaction of the consortium base of organism and flora/fauna. Studies for the establishment of the technology were made in the following two fields: technology to use unused resources such as lignocellulose and technology to produce petroleum substituting useful resources. As to the technology to use unused resources, the establishment was proceeded with of the technology to degrade/convert the seaweed-origin acidic polysaccharide into the useful substance using the consortium system. In FY 1998, in search of the excellent microorganism consortia which can degrade/solubilize carageenan, samples were picked up from the underwater of the Republic of Palau and incubated in the flat culture medium. Thirty-eight kinds of the degraded bacterium group were acquired. Using the degraded bacterium group, {kappa}-carrageenan was degraded and analyzed of the products. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 survey report. Survey report on development and utilization of alternative energies for oil in Pacific region; 2000 nendo Taiheiyo chiiki sekiyu daitai energy kaihatsu riyo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

A survey was conducted, with environmental matters taken into consideration, for building an information gathering infrastructure for the countries in the Pacific region, capable of promptly and accurately collecting and offering energy related information. Conducted in this fiscal year were regular data gathering, review of oil supply and demand and alternative energy supply and demand in the Pacific region, on-site survey of alternative energy development and utilization in Vietnam, quarterly analyses of trend of energy demand, and the like. The supply of primary energy in the Pacific region increased by 2.3% per year in the period 1980 through 1998. The rate of increase was the lowest with oil, and the highest with hydroelectricity, atomic power, and recoverable energies such as geothermal energy. The Vietnamese Government is promoting its efforts to develop power sources by use of recoverable energies for farm village electrification. Efforts are being earnestly exerted to develop its rich natural gas resources and it is expected that there will be a remarkable achievement in the use of alternative energies due to an increase in natural gas consumption. In the field of data collection, various data were registered with the database. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 report on the survey of making models for introducing petroleum substituting energy systems; 1994 nendo chosa hokokusho (sekiyu daitai energy system donyu model sakusei ni kansuru chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

In the promotion of measures taken for energy conservation, it is necessary to give local governments, entrepreneurs, etc. appropriate and concrete guidance for introducing energy systems which meet with features of the areas and buildings and courses for how to construct infrastructures of towns or cities in case of development and redevelopment. Recently, also in local governments, etc., there are seen attitudes toward positive study of introduction of energy conservation systems and petroleum substituting energy systems in case of redevelopment, and the situation is that the spread and expansion are expected by giving appropriate guidance for the introduction. Accordingly, the study makes analyses of the trend and characteristics of developmental projects and makes/arranges models of promising petroleum substituting energy systems, aiming at contributing to promotion of guidance for the introduction to local governments, entrepreneurs, etc. Approximately 20 models of petroleum substituting energy systems were made which are thought to be promising. For each, the following were arranged: outline of system, introduction target, introduction effects, the point of promotion of the introduction, related subsidy systems, actual results, etc. 22 figs., 34 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 survey report. Survey of development and utilization of energy substitutes for oil in the Pacific region; 1999 nendo Taiheiyo chiiki sekiyu daitai energy kaihatsu riyo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The Pacific region is a densely populated region where economy is developing at a high pace with China and other newly industrialized economies at the core. When energy balance in the region is studied, it is found that China and some others have already turned pure importers of energy and that probabilities are high that, along with development of economy and improvement on living standards, all the nations in the region will become pure importers. Accordingly, in the presence of urgent problems of global pollution and oil resources depletion, it is important to make sure that data particularly about the development of substitute energies for oil in this region be collected and duly dealt with for accurately predicting future developments. In this survey, a database is to be built to grasp the trends of energy supply and demand with attention focused on substitutes for oil which are available at hand. In this fiscal year, data for 1997 were added to the database for analysis into demand and supply of substitutes for oil in the Pacific region, and energy data were gathered for this purpose. Detailed tables of balance were compiled, broken down by energy source. Other detailed tables of balance were also prepared, these broken down by ultimate consumption department. (NEDO)

Industry brief letter; Kasupikaioki sekiyu koku kaihatsu sekiyu shigen kaihatsu nado sannyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-02-01

4 companies of Petroleum Resources Development, Indonesia Petroleum, Teikoku Petroleum an Itochu Petroleum Development will sign petroleum exploration and development contract in petroleum mining property offshore of Caspian Sea with Azerbaijan National Petroleum Company, Sokar Company. In another mining property, Mitsui group reached conclusion with Sokar Company in mining right. Resource development competition between existing international petroleum majors and Japanese petroleum companies around Caspian Sea may be further intensified. (translated by NEDO)

Research report of fiscal 1997. Joint research project on petroleum substituting energy between Japan and the EU; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nichi EU sekiyu daitai energy kanren kyodo kenkyu jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Four researchers were invited from EU countries to promote R & D of petroleum substituting energy in Japan, and the joint research was made in institutes of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology related to each theme for 50 days. On the research on deep geothermal prospecting based on volcanic halocarbon group, it was showed that halocarbon discharged from volcanic or hydrothermal system is an important window to survey activities within the earth. On the research on catalyst for hydrogenation of coal-derived liquid, XPS data was reported, and some preliminary conclusions were obtained. On the research on oxide system anode material for Li secondary cells, a method for improving the state of host to ion moving in 1-D to 3-D networks by diffraction method was showed. In particular, the method was effective to offer electronically sensitive environment to moving ion system. On the research on hydro-dechlorination of hydrocarbon halide, the theme related to environmental measures against waste hydrocarbon halide (depletion of the ozone layer) was studied. 83 refs., 32 figs., 20 tabs.

Report on a survey in fiscal 1998 for petroleum substituting energy development and utilization in the Pacific Ocean region; 1998 nendo Taiheiyo chiiki sekiyu daitai energy kaihatsu riyo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A survey was carried out to make available the information base that can collect, put into order and provide quickly and accurately the energy related information based on global environment problems in the Pacific Ocean region. Fiscal 1998 has performed a substituting energy demand and supply analysis in the Pacific Ocean region by adding the 1996 data, in addition to collection of the normal energy data. For the purpose of analyzing the petroleum substituting energy demand and supply in the Pacific Ocean region, data were collected from 17 countries for fiscal 1997 and the quarterly data for 1998. Retroactive data collection was also continued. The growth rate of primary energy supply in the Pacific Ocean region is 1.8% in average in the 1980's, and 3.8% in the 1990's. In contrast, the growth rate of petroleum substituting energies is 6.4% in the 80's and 6.2% in the former half of the 90's, being far higher than the growth rate of the primary energy supply. The share of the petroleum substituting energies accounting for in the primary energy supply has increased from 6.7% in 1980 to 12.1% in 1996. As the breakdown, nuclear power accounts for overwhelmingly large, followed by geothermal energy and new energies. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1995 report on the survey of making models for introducing petroleum substituting energy systems. 2; 1995 nendo chosa hokokusho (sekiyu daitai energy system donyu model sakusei ni kansuru chosa). 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

In the promotion of measures taken for energy conservation, it is necessary to give local governments, entrepreneurs, etc. guidance for introducing energy systems which meet with features of the buildings and courses for how to construct infrastructures of towns or cities in case of development, redevelopment, etc. In fiscal 1995, each of the petroleum substituting energy systems was studied more detailedly, and the trend of building facilities for the introduction was studied and arranged. Energy systems by the following were set up paying attention to energy sources, energy conversion and energy transportation as factors composing a petroleum substituting energy system: photovoltaic power generation, use of solar energy, use of wind energy, use of geothermal energy, use of biomass energy, use of waste, use of temperature difference energy, cogeneration, load levelling, wide-area energy supply, etc. Also studied and arranged were energy demand, location, the recent trend, the point of introduction of energy systems, examples of introduction, etc. in relation to indoor sport facilities, hospitals, hotels, multiple dwelling apartments, commercial facilities, offices, plants, etc. 52 figs., 55 tabs.

Research report of fiscal 1997. Invitation project of specialists on petroleum substituting energy between Japan and the EU; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nichi EU sekiyu daitai energy kanren senmonka shohei jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Specialists were invited from EU countries for information exchange to promote R and D of petroleum substituting energy in Japan. In the seminar on the present and future trend of R and D of fuel cells in EU countries, the present R and D state of fuel cells in Italy, the present state and future R and D plan of fuel cells in ANSALDO group, the state of SOFC R and D in Germany and by international cooperation, and R and D of polymer electrolyte fuel cell in Fraunhofer institute for Solar Energy Systems were reported contributing to mutual understanding between Japan and the EU. Exchange of opinions and information was also made between 4 fuel cell specialists of EU countries and Japanese specialists. The report on such an exchange includes the outline of Japanese fuel cell technologies, and the present R and D states of phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). The specialists visited some government organizations, semi-government organizations, institutes and private enterprises related to promotion, support and verification of R and D of fuel cells. 2 tabs.

FY 1997 report on the results of the industrial technology R and D project. Development of technology to use biological resources such as the complex biological system (Development of biological use petroleum substitution fuel production technology); 1997 nendo fukugo seibutsukei nado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Experimental researches were conducted and the FY 1997 results were reported with the aim of establishing analytical technology for the complex biological system by which the complex biological system can be analyzed in such a state as it is using the molecular biological method. In the study of the molecular genetic analytical technology, PCR primers used for amplification of topoisomerase II genes of the whole eukaryote was designed. As to the histochemical analytical technology, a study was made on the new constitution microorganism detection method by the hybridization method and the antibody specific dyeing method, and the following were conducted: manifestation in quantity of colibacillus and the recovery, refining, and construction of peptide library by fuzzy display method. Concerning the functional analytical technology, technological researches were made such as the environmental adaptation mechanism of high thermophile and the information transfer mechanism among bacteria through cell membranes for elucidation of the special environment detection/response mechanism and the special environment adaptation/resistance mechanism. As to the separation/culture technology, various anaerobic microorganisms were separated from marine sponge for the development of a method of culturing in 3D matrices. (NEDO)

FY 1998 industrial technology R and D project. Report on the results of the development of utilization technology of biological resource such bioconsortia system (Development of production technology of biological use petroleum substituting fuels); 1998 nendo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Fukugo seibutsukeinado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu (seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Technology development was conducted for production of useful substances using the bioconsortia system. In FY 1998, the development of element technology was studied. As to the utilization technology of gut symbiotic microorganisms such as termite and longhorn beetle, clone types of gut microorganism complex system were analyzed to find out the diversification. In the decay of wood, co-culture of two species of mold fungus was increased in efficiency than single culture. More than 90% was classified/identified of the mold fungi accumulated (in wood piece)/separated for the utilization of plant symbiotic microorganisms. For the production of petroleum substituting useful resource, conditions were established of callus induction from immature embryos of tropical oil crops, especially oil palm, and of regeneration of a lot of small plants from the callus. To establish the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of oil palm, the binary vector harboring the reporter gene and selectable marker gene was constructed. Using the vector, oil palm tissues are inoculated and infected with agrobacteria. To heighten the function of palm oil, 10 particular clones were selected from the complementary DNA library obtained from oil palm fruit tissues. The genetic study of germs was also made. (NEDO)

Life cycle assessment for next generating vehicles. Feasibility study of alternative fuel vehicles and electric vehicles; Jisedai jidosha no life cycle assessment. Daitai nenryo jidosha oyobi denki jidosha no feasibility study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanyu, T; Iida, N [Keio University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

To show environmental assessment of introduction of substitute fuel vehicles is important information to formulate the future vehicles policy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is put forward to simulate such potential, allows us to state the reduction environmental impacts of substitute vehicles on their total life cycle. The purpose of this study is assessment and analysis of the life cycle CO2 emission for substitute fuel vehicles, such as, alternative fuel vehicles, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. 8 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (D.M.E.) as on alternative fuel for diesel engine; Daitai diesel nenryo to shite no dimethyl ether (D.M.E.) no funmu tokusei ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wakai, K; Nishida, K; Yoshizaki, T; Hiroyasu, H [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

D.M.E. which was paid attention to as on alternative fuel for a diesel engine, was injected by using Bosch type injection pump and a hole nozzle into a high pressure and high temperature vessel. The spray was observed by using schlieren photography. Spray characteristics, such as, the tip penetration, the cone angle and the volume of the spray were and were compared with a diesel fuel spray. The following thing, and so on were found out as a results. The spray angle of the DME spray of atmosphere pressure Pa=0.1Mpa spreads out large in comparison with the diesel fuel spray, and the way of the change by the pressure is contrary to the case of the diesel fuel spray. 3 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Report on surveys in fiscal 1998 on the project to invite petroleum substituting energy related experts in Japan and EU; Nichi EU sekiyu daitai energy kanren senmonka shohei jigyo 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In relation with coping with global environmental problems in recent years, needs are increasing more than ever for enhancing fossil energy utilization rates, developing and expanding utilization of petroleum substituting energies that can substitute fossil energies. Since Japan is particularly a large energy consuming country, and cannot escape from depending on import for the majority of its energy resources, it is an urgent issue to enhance the energy utilization efficiency and further promote development and utilization of new energies. To do this, it is indispensable to exchange such item of information as identification of actual status in other countries of handling the petroleum substituting energies. Taking up geothermal energy, fiscal 1998 invited four experts from EU countries. Visits were made for about two weeks on Japanese research institutes and business enterprises related to geothermal energy, and opinions and information were exchanged. A seminar was held on the final day, where the EU experts have made presentations on the current status and future prospects on geothermal research and development in EU. Greatly valuable suggestions were given for the Japan's future geothermal research and development. (NEDO)

Survey report for fiscal 1998. Joint research project with researchers related to petroleum substituting energies in the EU countries; 1998 nendo EU shokoku no sekiyu daitai energy kanren kenkyusha tono kyodo kenkyu jigyo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

It was intended to invite researchers related to petroleum substituting energies from the EU countries to perform joint researches at research organizations under the auspices of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology having deep relations with research themes of the invited researchers, to deepen the mutual understanding, and to form efficient cooperative relationship. The intention is also to contribute to research and development of petroleum substituting energies to be used in Japan in the future. The research themes, researchers, their research organizations, and the receiving research organizations are as follows: (1) evaluation of reservoir impedance in high-temperature rock experimental fields by Mr. Ralph Weidler (Germany) at Ruhr University received by the Resource and Environmental Technology Research Institute; (2) changing the particle boundary structure of ceramics by using the alkoxide process by Dr. Ramon Torrecillas (Spain) at Institute Nacional del Carbon received by the Nagoya Industrial Technology Research Institute; (3) research on corrosion in metallic materials for molten carbonate type fuel cells by Dr. Giuseppe Calogero (Italy) at Institute for Transformation and Storage of Energy received by the Osaka Industrial Technology Research Institute; and (4) estimation of behavior of deep geothermal reservoirs with high enthalpy by Dr. Enrico Maranini at Universita' Di Ferrara received by the Geology Survey Center. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the project on the industrial science technology R and D. Development of utilization technology of biological resources such as bioconsortium system (Development of the petroleum substituting fuel production technology using living organisms); 1999 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Fukugou seibutsukei tou seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu (Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of establishing the high-grade utilization technology of unused seaweed/algae and production technology of useful substances using high-grade functions of bioconsortia, study was conducted, and the FY 1999 results were reported. In the analysis of the ocean environment adaptation mechanism, the R and D were made of a selection method of the marine microbial consortia using korormicin. In the study of the high-grade utilization technology of unused resources/substances such as marine-producing algae, several tens of the carrageenase producing microbial consortia were acquired from the surface of seaweed, and some carrageenase producing bacteria and non-producing bacteria were acquired by isolating as pure strains. In the study of the petroleum substituting useful resource production technology, developed was a monitoring system of the environmental stress using marine-product invertebrate/micro-algae symbiotic system. In the study of the high-grade utilization of large useful algae, elucidation of the related genes, fabrication of variants and analysis of genes were carried out for the bacterium BUP-7 which indicates activity of growth acceleration/shape formation of seaweed. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the project on the industrial science technology R and D. Development of utilization technology of biological resources such as bioconsortium system (Development of the petroleum substituting fuel production technology using living organisms); 1999 nendo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Fukugou seibutsukei tou seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu (Seibutsu riyo sekiyu daitai nenryo seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of developing the technology for producing and degrading useful substances using bioconsortia, study was made of the handling technology of bioconsortia, the basic element technology, etc., and the FY 1999 results were reported. In the study of the high-grade utilization technology of lignocellulose/the components, an sample was obtained in which the effect of the bacteria culture supernatant treatment was recognized in the biobleaching by co-treatment of the bacteria culture filtrate - MnP. As to the search for control factor of lignin degrading enzyme and the utilization technology, it was found out that bisphenol A was efficiently degraded by a combination of laccase and mediator production bacteria. Concerning the utilization technology of plant symbiotic bacteria, classification/identification have been finished of approximately 60% of the stored bacteria. In the study of the production technology of the petroleum substituting useful resource, a system was constructed in which immature embryos were used for callus induction and regeneration of plantlets, and plants were regenerated at high frequency via the formation of adventitious embryos. By this, the culture cell with high propagation ability was obtained. (NEDO)

Joint Research. Report on the results of developing commercialization of a technology of process wastes and re-utilize them by using petroleum substituting energy; Kyodo kenkyu. Sekiyu daitai energy riyo haikibutsu shori saishigenka gijutsu jitsuyoka kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A study was conducted on a technology to melt shredder dust and non-combustible wastes directly by using coal, reduce their volume and re-utilize them. The elementary study on a high-temperature melting and treating technology set such targets as optimizing the melting and treating technology in correspondence with properties of materials to be treated, by using a small melting test plant, achieving a volume reduction rate of 1/200, and reducing treatment cost. In order to make innoxious the different kinds of environmental loading materials contained in exhaust gas from a high-temperature gasification and direct melting system, discussions were given on an optimum control condition for the exhaust gas system facilities. Furthermore, physical properties of discharges (slags nd metals) were investigated to discuss material re-utilization. In discussing optimal systems, three kinds of systems including two types utilizing fuels were proposed as high-temperature gasification and melting treatment process from a viewpoint of technology and cost. Respective systems were compared with each other on treatment cost, and their priorities were identified. 56 refs., 50 figs., 55 tabs.

Chronology of petroleum geophysics; Sekiyu butsuri tansa nenpyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kametani, T

1996-10-01

A table, chronology of petroleum geophysics in overseas and in Japan, has been prepared for the convenience of checking events, which are thought to be important as notable affairs in application, success, and technical innovation. In overseas, successes in the 1920s were remarkable, when the US modern geophysical exploration made a start. Successes in determining the position of exploratory drilling by means of the gravity torsion balance, fan shooting seismic refraction method, and seismic reflection method occurred one after another. The USA has kept its situation stably as the number one by the seismic reflection method occurred most lately, and its life has been further elongated by adopting digital techniques. The CDP technique which became to be used simultaneously, and the seismic sources without using explosives, such as vibro-seismic source and air gun, extended the success of digital techniques drastically. In the future, the progress of 3-D exploration technology is expected. In Japan, about 18 years lag in the seismic reflection method is observed when compared with the USA. Japan has provided leading techniques in the shallow layer seismic reflection method and S-wave exploration. 40 refs., 1 tab.

Fuel cell heat utilization system; Nenryo denchi netsuriyo sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, T. [Tokyo (Japan); Omura, T. [Tokyo (Japan)

1995-07-04

In the conventional fuel cell heat utilization system, the waste heat is recovered to be utilized by either the waste heat recovery heat exchanger or the waste heat recovery steam. In the employment of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger system, however, the utility value is decreased when the temperature of the waste heat is lowered. Contrarily, in the employment of the waste heat recovery steam system, the supplementary water requirement is increased corresponding to the amount of waste heat recovery steam, resulting in the cost increase for water treatment. This invention solves the problem. In the invented fuel cell heat utilization system, a pressurized water from the steam separator is introduced into the second circuit to utilize directly the heat in the heat utilization system without employing the heat exchanger. If a blowdown valve is installed between the second circuit heat utilization system and the steam separator, the heat loss due to the blowdown can be reduced, since the low temperature water is blown down after being utilized in the heat utilization system. 4 figs.

Public subscription project for international joint research proposals in fiscal 2000 - public subscription of international proposal (Substitution No.2). Report on achievements in developing technologies to produce oil-alternative energies from fibrous material based biomass and industrial wastes; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (daitai No.2). Sen'ishitsukei biomass oyobi sangyo haikibutsu kara no sekiyu daitai energy seisan gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Development has been advanced on technologies to manufacture methanol efficiently by combining a technology to convert selectively fibrous material based biomass into sugar under high concentration sulfuric acid condition with the immobilized enzyme flash fermentation process, both being developed in the United States. Activities have been taken in the following three fields: 1) establishment of an optimal biomass treatment condition by using concentrated sulfuric acid, 2) chromatographic separation of sugar and sulfuric acid, and 3) discussions on conditions to apply the immobilized enzyme flash fermentation process. In Item 1), discussions were given, using rice straw and waste woods as the object, on effects of biomass particle size, sulfuric acid to biomass feeding ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature and time on the cellulose to hemicellulose reaction ratio and the sugar conversion factor, whereas it was revealed that the governing factors are the biomass/sulfuric acid contact area and the reaction temperature. In Item 2), a chromatographic device filled with anion ion exchange resin was used to set the sugar recovery rate of 100% and the sulfuric acid recovery rate of 93%. (NEDO)

Development of MCFC and PEFC technologies; Jisedai nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hori, M; Ozu, H; Sonai, A [Toshiba Corp. Tokyo (Japan)

1996-06-01

Next-generation fuel cells under development by Toshiba Corporation are outlined. The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has become stable in performance, which results from the conversion of the matrix group from the {gamma}-type to {alpha}-type LiAlO2. The cathode material is expected to withstand the elution of electrolyte for 20000 hours. The soft structure separator developed for stack constitution is expected to improve electrical contact and reduce the cost of stack. An appliance has been completed to tentatively produce every element concerned. During an actual operation, the structural soundness of the 2-cell stack was confirmed by thermal load tests. As for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), an interior humidification method has been developed using a porous material for supplying water to the polymer film. The amount of moisture can be controlled, which will enable a larger-area cell. A 1kW-class stack with a world-record-level 1200cm{sup 2} electrode area has been developed, which stack has shown that the target output has been attained. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency of the system including fuel treatment has been examined. 10 figs.

Econometric analysis on oil-substituting energy; Sekiyu daigae energy keiryo bunseki chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-03-01

This is a fiscal 1991 report on the investigation having been carried out for the past 6 years by the Institute of energy Economics contracting with NEDO. The report is to make an overall evaluation of various aspects seen in the development of petroleum substitution energy in relation with the environmental problem. Various kinds of simulations are conducted by developing the industrial related model which can analyse effects of CO{sub 2} emmission control measures exerted on Japan{prime}s microeconomics such as the industrial structure, based on the analytical model which was developed by the fiscal 1990. For example, in establishment of 4 cases such as a standard case, a carbon tax imposition case, an industrial structure arrangement case and a high efficiency-new energy promotion case, signs are seen like that the primary energy supply in 2010 will decrease with heightening of energy price and improvement of consumption efficiency from 740 million kl in crude oil in the standard case to 620 million kl in the high efficiency-new energy promotion case, and CO{sub 2} emission will decrease from 440 million tons to 350 million tons. 14 refs., 65 figs., 114 tabs.

Econometric analysis on oil-substituting energy. Sekiyu daigae energy keiryo bunseki chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-03-01

This is a fiscal 1991 report on the investigation having been carried out for the past 6 years by the Institute of energy Economics contracting with NEDO. The report is to make an overall evaluation of various aspects seen in the development of petroleum substitution energy in relation with the environmental problem. Various kinds of simulations are conducted by developing the industrial related model which can analyse effects of CO{sub 2} emmission control measures exerted on Japan{prime}s microeconomics such as the industrial structure, based on the analytical model which was developed by the fiscal 1990. For example, in establishment of 4 cases such as a standard case, a carbon tax imposition case, an industrial structure arrangement case and a high efficiency-new energy promotion case, signs are seen like that the primary energy supply in 2010 will decrease with heightening of energy price and improvement of consumption efficiency from 740 million kl in crude oil in the standard case to 620 million kl in the high efficiency-new energy promotion case, and CO{sub 2} emission will decrease from 440 million tons to 350 million tons. 14 refs., 65 figs., 114 tabs.

Study of fuel control strategy based on an fuel behavior model for starting conditions; Nenryo kyodo model ni motozuita shidoji no nenryo hosei hosho ni tsuite no kosatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakajima, Y; Uchida, M; Iwano, H; Oba, H [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

We have applied a fuel behavior model to a fuel injection system which we call SOFIS (Sophisticated and Optimized Fuel Injection System) so that we get air/fuel ratio control accuracy and good driveability. However the fuel behavior under starting conditions is still not clear. To meet low emission rules and to get better driveability under starting conditions, better air/fuel ratio control is necessary. Now we have understood the ignition timing, injection timing, and injection pulse width required in such conditions. In former days, we analyzed the state of the air/fuel mixture under cold conditions and made a new fuel behavior model which considered fuel loss such as hydrocarbons and dissolution into oil and so on. Al this time, we have applied this idea to starting. We confirm this new model offers improved air/fuel ratio control. 6 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Fiscal 1991 report. International Fuel Cell Conference; Nenryo denchi kokusai symposium hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Lectures, presentations, and questions given at the event involved items 1) Plenary session, 2) Technology development strategies, 3) Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), 4) Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), 5) Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), 6) Other fuel cells, and item 7) Closing session. Under item 1), current states and prospects of technological development were reported by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Japan and by industrial technology developing organizations of the U.S. and Europe. Under item 2), a report was given by the U.S. about a fuel cell-driven automobile developing program. Under item 3), a report was given on the exchange of information about plant operation, maintenance, and inspection with importance attached to accuracy. Under item 4), reports were given about a 70kW stack operating program of the U.S. and a 1MW stack pilot plant program of Japan. Under item 5), some NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) projects and a 25kW stack operating test of Westinghouse Electric Corporation were reported. What were learned through participation in this conference are mentioned below. Japan is in the forefront as far as the development of PAFC and MCFC technologies are concerned. The U.S. is ahead of Japan in the development of SOFC while also in Japan efforts to develop element technologies for SOFC are in progress steadily. The U.S. and European countries lead Japan in the development of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). (NEDO)

Hydrogen battery car developed in Matsuda; Matsuda suiso nenryo denchisha wo kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-06-01

Matsuda announced that the hydrogen battery car 'Demio FCEV' was developed by the company. This new type car not only does not need an air humidifying machine, but also supplies the necessary electricity with an ultra capacitor of a large scale condenser. Its maximum output is 40 kw, the highest speed is 90 km per hour, and the accelerating time from the stop state to 40 m is about 5 seconds, the same level as a gasoline car. One time of hydrogen charging serves for 170 km running. As a hydrogen battery car, it is the third one in the world, following the DAIMURA in Germany and TOYOTA. (translated by NEDO)

Gas replacement system for fuel cell. Nenryo denchi no gas chikan hoshiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, T

1990-02-14

When stopping the operation of a fuel cell, the gas in the reaction gas system is purged using such an inert gas as nitrogen for inactivation. A gas source such as inert gas bomb must be prepared beforehand for the purpose. This invention relates to a method of production of inert gas from the air collected from atmosphere to use it as the purge gas. The air collected from the atmosphere is passed through an oxygen remover filled with oxidation catalyst to remove oxygen, and dehumidified by a dehumidifier filled with drying agent, the obtained inert drying gas with nitrogen as the main constituent being used as the purge gas. Copper system catalyst supported by silica is used as the oxidation catalyst, and silica gel as the drying agent. After the operation of the fuel cell is re-started, a part of the high temperature fuel gas extracted from the reaction gas system is introduced to the oxygen remover for the reduction of oxidation catalyst and for heat regeneration of dehumidifying agent by the contained hydrogen. 1 fig.

Alternative disinfection technology for water purification systems; Josui shori ni okeru enso daitai shodoku gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aizawa, T. [The Institute of Public Health, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-09-10

This paper describes chlorination substituting disinfection technologies used in water purification systems. Chloramine treatment is regarded as effective in reducing trihalomethane (THM). Chlorine is injected in the initial stage in the form of free chlorine to disinfect pathogenic microorganisms in a short time, which is then added with ammonia to convert it into chloramine for further utilization. Chlorine dioxide has not been used in Japan, but introduced in Europe and America to treat THM. Ozone has the strongest oxidizing power, and is used for disinfection, virus inactivation, decomposition of THM precursors, and removal of fungus odor. The ozone treatment will produce aldehyde if an organic matter is present, but aldehyde can be removed by treatment using organismic activated carbon. Ultraviolet ray treatment has an advantage of being difficult of producing byproducts. This system was experimentally compared with free chlorine treatment on disinfection effect, mutagenicity, suppression of producing THM byproducts, and odor removal. In order to assure reliability of microorganismic and chemical safety in tap water supply systems, assurance by considering the entire system is important, not only by operating the disinfection units, but also combining such physical water purifying technologies as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and membrane treatment. The use of chlorine substituting disinfectants is also a part of the conception. 6 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Research on natural gas fuel injection system. Development of high-performance pressure regulator; Tennen gas yo nenryo funsha system no kenkyu kaihatsu. 1. Tennen gas nenryo funshayo no koseino regulator kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, S; Ishii, M; Takigawa, B; Makabe, K; Harada, S; Ono, H [Nippon Carburetor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

With the aim of further reducing the exhaust emissions of natural-gas vehicles, vigorous research and development work is under way today on multi point gas injection (MPGI) system. In this studies, a high-performance pressure regulator, which is one of the main components of this MPGI system, has been newly developed. The results showed that a significantly better accuracy of the regulated pressure level using this regulator was obtained under the wide range of operating conditions, including instantaneously greater changes of fuel flow rate. In addition, the advanced studies of gaseous fuel injectors (GFIs) would be also conducted. 4 refs., 8 figs.

Process improvement technology for petrochemical plant; Sekiyu kagaku puranto ni okesu purosesu kaizen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, Shin

1999-05-05

Before, GTC technology Co. was a manufacturer of the tray as a Greenwich technology. It is the subsidiary, which undertakes technology and licence of the engineering firm in U.S.A. at present. It carries out besides the technology licence support in the startup for the prolonged driving of technical service, operating condition of the plant of improvement and optimization and, etc. Has made separation and purification technology, which made extractive distillation to be a beginning good and has the process improvement technology to the PTA (high-pure terephthalic acid) from BTX (benzene toluene xylene) of petrochemical plant. (NEDO)

Development of materials of `bekko work` using horn; Gyukaku riyo ni yoru bekko daitai zairyo no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mori, S.; Nagata, S. [Technology Center of Nagasaki, Nagasaki (Japan); Sakoguchi, A. [Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Kumamoto (Japan)

1996-11-10

The technical art `Bekko` is one of the traditional technologies in Japan, and the materials of `Bekko` are shells of hawksbills. However, the industry of `Bekko Work` has been facing a crisis recently, because the import of turtleshell is restricted. We have therefore tried to develop new materials as substitutes for the turtleshell by utilization of horn. The noteworthy aspects in this study are as follows: (a) It has been clearly established that the horn could be reformed with amber color similar to that of turtleshell by chemical treatment using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (b) It is also of interest that we produced new materials like `Bekko` by mixing horn powder and turtleshell powder at the appropriate ratio and molding them in the temperature range of 110-120{degree}C. 1 ref., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Methanol as moter fuel in 21 century; 21 seiki no jidosha nenryo to metanoru

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tominaga, H [Saitama Inst. of Technology, Saitama (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-02-01

When the oil resources situation is taken into consideration, it is important to prepare now for the demand and supply situation of oil in the 21st century. The first method of the preparation is the noble-use of oil. The second method is the development and popularization of energies for transportation equipment which can take the place of petroleum. The candidates are synthetic liquid fuel, natural gas, and electricity (secondary batter). Methanol is the only synthetic liquid fuel which has the possibility of competing with petroleum both technologically and economically. By using methanol, cleaner combustion can be expected as compared with petroleum and coal. Methanol can be produced via synthetic gas not only from coal but also from natural gas, oil sand, oil shale, and biomass. From the technological point of view, innovation of quantity production technology of methanol is the first important subject. The second importance is the development of methanol vehicles and methanol fuel. Presently, methanol vehicles and fuels are in the stage of wide range and long-term verification test by running actual vehicles. 1 tab.

Fiscal 1996 achievement report. Development of liquid fuel conversion technology (Feasibility study project on liquid fuel conversion); 1996 nendo ekitai nenryo tenkan gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ekitai nenryo tenkan kanosei chosa nado jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This article comprises Part 1 on 'surveys of gas fields fit for a new methanol manufacturing process' and Part 2 'reports on overseas surveys of gas fields fit for a new methanol manufacturing process.' In Part 1, surveys are conducted on the existence, exploitation, and the actual utilization of natural gas resources, and on the status of natural gas industry related infrastructures in the Middle East. Proved natural gas reserves in Iran were 742tcf (trillion cubic feet) as of 1996-end, which was the largest in the world next to Russia. As for Kuwaiti natural gas resources, they all accompany oil production, with the proved reserves marking 52.4tcf as of 1996-end or the smallest in the Middle East. In Egypt, there were proved reserves of 20.4tcf as of 1996-end, and further existence of 30-40tcf is predicted. Proved reserves in Yemen are approximately 15tcf. Proved reserves in Oman were 30tcf as of 1996-end. It is expected that there will be a 1.4% increase in the demand for methanol for automobiles. The annual demand for methanol for power generation is 720,000 tons. In Part 2, on-site surveys of infrastructures and the like indispensable for methanol plant installation are reported. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 achievement report. Development of liquid fuel conversion technology (Feasibility study project on liquid fuel conversion); 1996 nendo ekitai nenryo tenkan gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ekitai nenryo tenkan kanosei chosa nado jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This article comprises Part 1 on 'surveys of gas fields fit for a new methanol manufacturing process' and Part 2 'reports on overseas surveys of gas fields fit for a new methanol manufacturing process.' In Part 1, surveys are conducted on the existence, exploitation, and the actual utilization of natural gas resources, and on the status of natural gas industry related infrastructures in the Middle East. Proved natural gas reserves in Iran were 742tcf (trillion cubic feet) as of 1996-end, which was the largest in the world next to Russia. As for Kuwaiti natural gas resources, they all accompany oil production, with the proved reserves marking 52.4tcf as of 1996-end or the smallest in the Middle East. In Egypt, there were proved reserves of 20.4tcf as of 1996-end, and further existence of 30-40tcf is predicted. Proved reserves in Yemen are approximately 15tcf. Proved reserves in Oman were 30tcf as of 1996-end. It is expected that there will be a 1.4% increase in the demand for methanol for automobiles. The annual demand for methanol for power generation is 720,000 tons. In Part 2, on-site surveys of infrastructures and the like indispensable for methanol plant installation are reported. (NEDO)

Effect of water pollution on marine organisms; Sekiyu osen no kaiyo seibutsu eno eikyo hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogata, M. [Okayama Univ., Okayama (Japan); Fujisawa, K. [Okayama Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Okayama (Japan)

1997-10-10

Toxicity of petroleum component to aquatic organisms appears as a result of its deposition onto living organisms followed by its migration into bodies of the organisms, and emergence of toxicity from the migrated component. Effect evaluation processes standing on this viewpoint may include the exposure monitoring or migration monitoring, in which the petroleum component migrated into marine organisms is analyzed and the state of the component concentrated in these organisms is measured, or effect monitoring, in which actions of the petroleum component in the organisms are investigated. The effects of petroleum on aquatic organisms would include the following occurrence: direct fatal toxicity acting on cells and membranes, quasi-fatal toxicity causing death indirectly through feeding actions and abnormal actions, direct coating of oil on surface of organisms, which prevents movability and feeding actions of the organisms and reduces hydrophilicity of plumes and hairs, pollution of living organisms due to migration of carcinogenic aromatic compounds into bodies of the living organisms, and change in species compositions and geographic distribution of living organisms due to change in physico-chemical environment. This paper explains cases of detection and identification of organic sulfur compounds, aromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, paraffins, olefins and heavy metals in parametric compounds of petroleum. 20 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Concerning problems of petroleum refining facilities. ; Promote international lateral work sharing, and strengthening of infrastructures in petroleum industry. Sekiyu seisei setsubi mondai ni tsuite. ; Kokusei suihei bungyo no suishin to sekiyu sangyo no kiban kyoka wo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1991-06-05

This paper discusses how to promote international lateral work sharing and how to strengthen infrastructures in the petroleum industry, as a problem prevailing over the petroleum refining facilities in Japan. Excess distillation facilities have been applied with the disposition policy. However, in view of the supply and demand situation in petroleum products for medium to long term span in the world with the pan-Pacific region as the main concern, that applicable to Japan, and that experienced during the Persian Gulf crisis, the excess facility disposition policy was revised, particularly on white kerosene, of which supply and demand tightness is concerned about, so that production capacities may be increased as required. Japan, a large presence in the international economics, is required to work more positively on petroleum refining facilities located in the oil producing countries and intermediate locations to promote the international lateral work sharing. On the one hand, in order to strengthen the infrastructures in the Japanese petroleum industry, it is necessary to promote rationalization and use at higher efficiency of the oil supply system, and convergence of the the petroleum industry, including joint investments for projects exceeding capabilities of individual enterprises. 3 tabs.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the investigation of alternative gas system and process technologies for dry etching in electronic device manufacturing; 2000 nendo denshi device seizo process de shiyosuru etching gas no daitai gas system oyobi daitai process no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop technologies for saving PFC (perfluoro-compound) and conserving energy in semiconductor manufacturing processes, in particular, in the layer insulation film (SiO{sub 2}) dry etching process. Activities are conducted in the five fields of (1) research and development of technologies for reducing the amount of etching gas consumption, (2) development of a dry etching technology using alternative gas, (3) development of a dry etching technology using a low dielectric constant layer insulation film, (4) research and development of novel wiring structures and a method for fabricating the same, and (5) re-entrusted studies. Conducted in field (5) are studies of novel alternative gas - solid sources to substitute PFC, theory design technologies for low dielectric constant organic macromolecules, low dielectric constant material film fabrication by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), and technology for optical wiring inside chips. In field (2), studies are conducted of low GWP (global warming potential) alternative PFC gas aided etching and decomposition prevention technologies for reduction in PFC emissions, and it is made clear that C{sub 4}F{sub 6} performs excellently as an etchant. (NEDO)

Study on fuel supplying method and methanol concentration sensor for the high efficient operation of methanol fuel cells. Methanol nenryo denchi no unten ni okeru nenryo kyokyu hoho no kento to methanol nodo sensor no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsukui, Tsutomu; Doi, Ryota; Yasukawa, Saburo; Kuroda, Osamu [Hirachi, Ltd., Tokyo, (Japan)

1990-01-20

A fuel supplying method was studied and demonstrated, essential to the high efficient operation of methanol fuel cells. Methanol and water were supplied independently from each tank to an anordic electrolyte tank in a circulating system, detecting a methanol concentration and liquid level of anordic electrolyte by each sensor, respectively. A methanol sensor was also developed to detect accurately the concentration based on electrochemical reaction under a constant voltage. A detection control circuit was insulated from a constant-voltage power supply to prevent external noises. The methanol sensor output was compensated for temperature, and a new level sensing method was adopted to send out a command comparing different responses to electrolyte shortage. As the methanol fuel cell was operated with this fuel supplying system, the stable characteristics of the cell were obtained within the variation of {plus minus} 0.1mol/l from the specified methanol concentration. 6 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1998 annual report on the development of fuel cell power generation techniques. Research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cells (research results); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu. Kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1998 research and development results of solid electrolyte fuel cells. For R and D of the tubular type cell by the wet processing technique, the tests are conducted to evaluate the initial performance and long-term durability for continuous operation of the single tubular cell. For development of the several-kW class modules, computer-aided simulations are conducted. For R and D of material and substrate techniques, the thermal cycle characteristics, cell characteristics and stress of the cell modules are evaluated, in order to evaluate their reliability. The thermal cycle test results indicate that performance of the single-stage cell is unaffected by the thermal cycles. It is found by the stress evaluation that use of the separator plate having a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the electrolyte plate and use of the sealant having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the electrolyte plate are effective means to reduce stresses. For the research to reduce costs of the cell materials, their chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics are evaluated. For the system research, the areas for which the compact systems are suitable and their optimization are studied. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 survey report on rationalization project for international energy conservation, technological dissemination project for international energy conservation, and Green Helmet Project. Japan-China alternative energy seminar/waste disposal; 2000 nendo kokusai energy shiyo gorika nado taisaku jigyo, kokusai energy shohi koritsuka nado gijutsu fukyu jigyo, green helmet jigyo chosa hokokusho. Nicchu sekiyu daitai energy seminar haikibutsu shori

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This paper explains the Japan-China alternative energy seminar (February 28 and March 1, 2001, at Beijing). The purpose of the seminar is to introduce systematic and three-dimensional or land/sea/air measures for waste disposal including recycling in Japan, to provide guidance of measures in improving recognition and methods for waste disposal in China, and also to contribute to the dissemination and promotion of a model project for effectively utilizing waste heat from rubbish incineration, a project being implemented in Harbin City now. The activities of NEDO were introduced, with emphasis placed on a model program, called Green Aid Project, for managing heat from waste incineration. On the subjects of sustainable development, urban environment, and energy, the policy of China's tenth five-year plan was demonstrated, and the treatment of wastes in China was also explained. The present state of waste processing in Japan was introduced, as was its maintenance of the facilities. Concerning Japan's waste processing technologies and characteristics of the equipment, there were presented non-incineration processing including crushing/separating, RDF, compost, methane fermentation, etc.; incineration plants; and each of the technologies such as combustion, exhaust gas, ash treatment, use of remaining heat, and gasification melting. (NEDO)

Survey on commercial use of fuel cells; Nenryo denchi ni kansuru jitsuyoka no tame no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The basic survey was carried out for the future approach to R & D of fuel cells. Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) is in the stage of demonstration research and field test supported by subsidy after the end of Sunshine project. Its reliability and durability problems are being solved, and its cost reduction is only one problem for practical use. Distributed systems or on-site systems will be used utilizing its excellent environmental characteristics. Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide one (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte one (PEFC) under development were thus surveyed. The following are surveyed: (1) Contribution to a human society such as improvement of energy demand/supply structure and environmental protection, (2) Technological items such as outlook for R & D, validity of developmental issues, comparison between various R & D and significance in industrial promotion, (3) Economic items such as profitability and feasible period, and (4) Social items such as sociability, compatibility to needs, possibility of locations, international meaning, market scale and promotion scenario. 90 refs., 67 figs., 96 tabs.

Manufacturing method of molten carbonate fuel cell. Yoyu tansan prime en nenryo denchi no seizo hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muneuchi, Atsuo; Murata, Kenji

1989-09-14

An fuel electrode of a molten carbonate fuel cell is preliminarily dipped with molten carbonate. This operation is troublesome and reduces the productivity because this operation is made by the fuel electrode unit. In this invention, the carbonate is dipped in the process of temperature elevation after the assembly of the fuel cell. In other words, the carbonate electrode is buried in a groove formed in the fuel electrode leaving a gas flowing space; this fuel electrode is layer-built with a matrix and an oxidant electrode to form a unit cell; this unit cell is assembled to compose a fuel cell; while an anti-oxidant gas is fed to a groove of the fuel electrode, temperature is raised up to the operation level, wherein the carbonnate in the groove is molten to be dipped into the fuel electrode. The anti-oxidant gas is such inactive ones as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and helium. 2 figs.

Molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system. Yoyu tansan prime en gata nenryo denchi hatsuden sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uematsu, K; Hatori, S [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1991-11-01

In an indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell, the reforming temperature is limited less than the operating temperature of the fuel cell, as the heat source for reforming is depended on the reaction heat at about 650 {degree} C of the fuel cell. To improve the reforming rate at the low temperature range, it is considered to increase S/C (ratio of steam to carbon), but this scheme will cause such problems as to increase the voltage drop of the anode, to drop the heat recovery ratio on the cogenerator, to increase the capacity of the heat exchanger, etc. In this invention, in the power generating plant of a molten carbonate fuel cell the inert gas is added to the reforming raw gas, and in addition to the above the gas is mixed with steam and led into the reforming chamber of the plant. When the inert gas which is not directly concerned in the reforming reaction is added to, total mol number increases and the reforming reaction is acceralated. Consequently, the reforming rate can be raised, though the reforming temperature is low. 2 figs.

Water supply method to the fuel cell cooling water system; Nenryo denchi reikyakusuikei eno kyusui hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, T. [Tokyo (Japan); Nishida, S. [Tokyo (Japan)

1996-12-17

The conventional fuel cell has long cooling water piping ranging from the fuel cell exit to the steam separator; in addition, the supply water is cooler than the cooling water. When the amount of supply water increases, the temperature of the cooling water is lowered, and the pressure fluctuation in the steam separator becomes larger. This invention relates to the water supply method of opening the supply water valve and supplying water from the supply water system to the cooling water system in accordance with the signal of the level sensor of the steam separator, wherein opening and closing of the supply valve are repeated during water supply. According to the method the pressure drop in every water supply becomes negligibly small; therefore, the pressure fluctuation of the cooling water system can be made small. The interval of the supply water valve from opening to closing is preferably from 3 seconds to 2 minutes. The method is effective when equipment for recovering heat from the cooling water is installed in the downstream pipeline of the fuel cell. 2 figs.

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Standardization of FCEVs; 2000 nendo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi jigyo jidoshayo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. FCEV hyojunka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 activities for standardization of fuel cell powered vehicles and development of the infrastructures related to participation in ISO. Fuel cell powdered vehicles are believed to be the most favored vehicles of the next generation for their low emissions and fuel efficiency. The world leading automakers, including Japanese makers, have announced plans to commercialize these vehicles in 2003 to 2004. Under these situations, the discussion has been initiated to move forward standardization of the fuel cell powdered vehicles at the international conferences, e.g., ISO (International Standardization Organization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). At ISO/TC22/SC21 (Electric Vehicles) for which the Japan Electric Vehicle Association (JEVA) is in charge as the domestic council, the proposal has been made and approved to begin working towards the standardization at the conference in November 1999. Consequently, FCEV special subcommittee consisting of public organizations (including academic organizations and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), automakers, automotive parts manufacturers and other organizations related to the automotive industry has been established in February 2000 under the JEVA standardization section and started the activities. The Japanese proposals for safety and fuel cell vehicle terminology will be presented to the ISO meetings to be held in May 2001 in Tokyo. (NEDO)

Current srate and problems in Japanese petroleum development. ; International trends in petroleum development and problems in Japanese devepment business. Waga kuni sekiyu kaihatsu no genjyo to mondai ten. ; Sekiyu kaihatsu no kokusai doko to waga kuni kaihatsu jigyo no kasai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1991-11-05

Petroleum production and its supply and demand require ever closer coordinations among the countries involved. On the other hand, however, there a large number of difficult questions as the problems of global environmental pollution and greenhouse effects increase their seriousness and the economic resources in the petroleum business become scarcer. This paper describes the current state of the Japanese petroleum development, the necessity of spontaneous petroleum development, the international trends in the petroleum development business, and the tasks for Japan in the petroleum development business. Japan is a late comer in the petroleum development business. There are such difficulties as sizes of oil fields being discoverd are becoming smaller, the natural conditions in development target areas are getting severer, and the economic effects are inferior. Japan, whose petroleum self-supply rate is about 0.3%, whose petroleum dependency is heightening as a result of increase in nuclear power generation, and who is the third largest petroleum consuming country next to the U.S.A and Soviet, must use efficiently her financial and technical powers to vitalize her spontaneous petroleum development. Japan has a duty to contribute to the world {prime}s future stabilized supply of oil. The Japanese Government has launched the five-year fund development plan to perform basic surveys for ail in the north-east part of the Japan Sea and the pacific Ocean.

Fabricating method of gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell. Nenryo denchiyo gas kakusan denkyoku no seizo hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harada, H [Yokohama (Japan)

1994-01-28

Cation exchange film is pressure bonded by hot-pressing on an aluminium foil for the solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell which uses the cation exchange film as the electrolyte (PEMFC), but the conditions for the hot-pressing are severe because the softening temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene used as the binder for the bonding is higher than that of the cation exchange film. This invention is concerned with a method of improving adhesion and binding between the cation exchange film surface and the electrode catalyst layer, wherein K or Na type perfluorosulfonic acid system copolymer of the same material as that used for the cation exchange film is used as the binder in preparing the electrode catalyst layer of PEMFC, and the softening temperature of the cation exchange film itself is increased to enable high temperature hot-pressing. It is desirable to use the cation exchange film with the dry film thickness from 50 to 150[mu] and ion exchange capacity from 0.83 to 1.43 milli-equivalent/g (dry resin). 1 fig.

Fabricating method of gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell. Nenryo denchiyo gas kakusan denkyoku no seizo hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harada, H [Yokohama (Japan)

1994-01-28

When the cation exchange film of the solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell which uses the cation exchange film as the electrolyte (PEMFC) is bonded with the electrode catalyst layers for the anode and cathode, the hot-press conditions are severe and satisfactory bonding is hard to be achieved because the softening temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene used as the binder for the bonding is higher than that of the cation exchange film. This invention is concerned with a means of obtaining PEMFC which can generate high cell voltage, wherein perfluorosulfonic acid system copolymer solution or dispersed solution similar to that used for the cation exchange film is used as the binder when bonding carbon cloth or carbon paper coated with electrode catalyst layers for anode and cathode to the cation exchange film, setting of hot-pressing conditions is made easier, and the adhesion and bonding of the cation exchange film surface and the electrode catalyst layers are improved. 1 fig.

FY 1992 report on the results of the commissioned research and development project. R and D of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells); 1992 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-05-01

The research and development project is carried out for fuel cell power generation technologies and solid electrolyte type fuel cells, and the reports on the FY 1992 results issued by the participant organizations are summarized. For R and D of the modules, Fuji Electric conducted the R and D for the large-area, cell-stacked type, and Sanyo Electric for the composite cell-stacked type. For R and D of the materials and fundamental technologies, Fine Ceramics Center is conducted the R and D for microscopic structures of the electrode, Fujikura for electrode structures produced by spraying or the like, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for multi-functional fuel electrodes, Murata Seisakusho for co-sintering technologies, and Mitsui Shipbuilding for current collecting technologies. For R and D of the systems, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry conducted the R and D for the systems, Electric Power Development and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries jointly for designs of the cell peripheries, and the Japan Research and Development Center for Metals for elementary technologies for the peripheral devices. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development of power generation by solid electrolyte fuel cell. Research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cell; 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu kenkyu seika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-06-01

This project is aimed at establishment of the module basic technology and commercialization of the solid electrolyte fuel cell in the early stage by designing, construction, operation and performance evaluation of a several kW-class module which incorporates the cylindrical cell fabricated by the wet process. The FY 1999 R and D efforts include (1) cell performance demonstration study: the cylindrical single cell fabricated by the wet process is demonstration-tested to determine the initial performance and durability for continuous operation, thereby comparing the external reforming with internal reforming in output, with the internal reforming rate as the parameter, (2) development of a several kW-class module: the adequate cell arrangement structure within the module is studied by the computer-aided simulation, and the tests for confirming thermal cycle durability of the modified bundle are conducted using the module power generation unit and the several kW-class module is tested, and (3) development of the technology for designing a thermally supported module: the effects of, e.g., air and fuel supply conditions on the module performance are analyzed using the analytical model as the base. Expansion of the module level to the process simulation model has been completed, based on these results. (NEDO)

FY 1993 report on the results of the commissioned research and development project. R and D of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells); 1983 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-05-01

The research and development project is carried out for fuel cell power generation technologies and solid electrolyte type fuel cells, and the reports on the FY 1993 results issued by the participant organizations are summarized. For R and D of the modules, Fuji Electric conducted the R and D for the large-area, cell-stacked type, and Sanyo Electric for the composite cell-stacked type. For R and D of the materials and fundamental technologies, Fine Ceramics Center conducted the R and D for microscopic structures of the electrode, Fujikura for electrode structures produced by spraying or the like, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for multi-functional fuel electrodes, Murata Seisakusho for co-sintering technologies, and Mitsui Shipbuilding for current collecting technologies. For R and D of the systems, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry conducted the R and D for the systems, Electric Power Development and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries jointly for designs of the cell peripheries, and the Japan Research and Development Center for Metals for elementary technologies for the peripheral devices. (NEDO)

Monitoring of EOR operations by electrical prospecting. 2; Denki tansaho ni yoru sekiyu kyosei kaishuho no monitoring. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ushijima, K; Mizunaga, H; Tanaka, T; Masuda, K [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Tamagawa, T [Japex Jeoscience Institute, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

Fluid flow tomography (FFT) was applied to monitor the behavior of underground fluid in steam enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for oil sand reservoirs. FFT uses electrode arrangement of a mise-a-la-masse method, and continuously measures time variation in charged and spontaneous potential at various surface points to obtain realtime the images of underground seepage flow. It continuously measures ground surface potentials of 120 channels at intervals of 2s by applying alternative DC between a casing pipe and distant current electrode. It separates charged and spontaneous potential components, and converts them into time series data. It estimates the time and spacial distributions of seepage flow from time variation in spontaneous potential. It determines the change rate distribution of time-sliced apparent resistivity from charged potential to estimate the scale and area of seepage flow. As the experimental result, positive and negative electrodes in the change rate distribution were observed, and the direction connecting each electrode agreed with that of resistivity anomaly. FFT could observe realtime time variation in apparent resistivity due to steam injection. 9 refs., 7 figs.

FY 1991 report on the results of the demonstration test on the methanol conversion at oil-fired power plant. Feasibility study of a new system for the stabilized supply of fuel use methanol; 1991 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken. Nenryo you metanoru kyokyu antei ka no tameno shin system no kanosei chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

As a part of the project on the demonstration test on the methanol conversion at oil-fired power plant, feasibility study was made of a new system for methanol production by using abundant hydraulic power energy overseas and by combining water electrolysis and coal gasification technology, and the FY 1991 results were summarized. As a result of the survey, the following were selected as water electrolysis facilities: high efficiency/high current density/simplification system and solid polyelectrolyte electrolysis system with a high purity of hydrogen gas. As the coal gasifier, the oxygen blown furnace was selected which has a high carbon utilization factor, is able to gasify coal at high pressure, has no unnecessary N{sub 2}, and is being used in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power system. As methanol synthesis facilities, the MGC/MHI method super converter was selected. Assuming the output of hydroelectric power generation to be 4,000MW, conceptual design of the optimum system was made. The methanol cost was estimated under the conditions written below: cost of hydroelectric power generation at site: 2-5 yen/kWh, coal unit price at site: 5,000-6,000 yen/t, transportation distance: 5,000-10,000 km. (NEDO)

FY 1992 report on the results of the demonstration test on the methanol conversion at oil-fired power plant. Feasibility study of a new system for the stabilized supply of fuel use methanol; 1992 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken. Nenryo you metanoru kyokyu antei ka no tameno shin system no kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-03-01

An investigational study was made of potentiality of a new system for methanol production by using abundant hydraulic power energy overseas and by combining water electrolysis and coal gasification technology, and the FY 1992 results were summarized. In this fiscal year, survey was made of the potential water power and coal in Malaysia, Canada and Brazil, and case study was also made. As a result of the study, the cost of methanol was 7.1 yen/10{sup 3}kcal in case of Malaysia, 8.6 yen/10{sup 3}kcal in case of Canada and 8.9 yen/10{sup 3}kcal in case of Brazil. It was found out that the cost was economically less advantageous as compared with the present methanol price of 3.0-5.5 yen/10{sup 3}kcal. In a comparison between the existing coal/oil/LNG thermal power generation and this system from viewpoints of the energy balance/CO2 emission amount, the energy balance of this system is worse than those of the above-mentioned power generation when adding the coal thrown, but the CO2 emission amount of the system was less than those of coal/oil thermal power generation. In conclusion, this system seems to be an effective means in the light of the promotion of development of the undeveloped hydraulic power, effective utilization of renewable energy and global environmental preservation. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1979. Research on fuel cells (Research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells); 1979 nendo nenryo denchi no kenkyu seika hokokusho. Arukari suiyoeki denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

This paper describes achievements in fiscal 1979 in research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells. Trial fabrication and tests for an oxygen electrode were performed on a catalytic electrode added with silver using carbonblack and graphites as carriers having excellent corrosion resistance and large surface area. Characteristics not inferior to electrodes using activated carbon as a carrier were obtained in both of the initial characteristics and continuous discharge characteristics. A platinum added electrode also showed the same performance as the silver added electrode. A hydrogen electrode containing Zr and iron among those containing Raney-Ni was found to have high oxidation resistance and stability in terms of life. A platinum added electrode using graphite as a carrier provided satisfactory initial characteristics as a hydrogen electrode. Research on a single cell construction has used and tested eight-cell laminated cells with an area of 1,000 cm{sup 2} using bipolar sheets made of carbon. The test verified appropriate the removal of produced water and heat using mainly the hydrogen circulation, which has been discussed in the summary design. The paper describes heat cycles, for which tests of ten and odds times in total were performed to have demonstrated that they are free of any anomaly. Furthermore, a manifold was attached as a means to improve the volume efficiency. Its function was also tested. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1980. Research on fuel cells (Research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells); 1980 nendo nenryo denchi no kenkyu seika hokokusho. Arukari suiyoeki denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1980 in the Sunshine Project on developing aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells. The oxygen electrode is a silver catalyst electrode using as carriers carbon lack and graphite powders having good corrosion resistance. A continuous discharge test was performed on the electrode for 3,000 hours. Furnace black having large surface area and naturally colloidal graphite showed stable performance. The hydrogen electrode, which is a catalyst electrode made of Raney-Ni containing third elements was given a 3000-hour continuous discharge test, where Zr addition presented stable performance. Activated carbon was found a good carrier in platinum added electrodes. For electrodes operating under high pressure gases, electrodes attached with sintered nickel film are suitable. With regard to prototype cells, laminated cells with high volume efficiency structured mainly with gasket seals were designed and fabricated. The IV characteristics measurement and continuous discharge test thereon revealed no functional problems. Furthermore, cells having electrode area of 100 cm{sup 2} and using bipolar sheets made of carbon were verified capable of withstanding 2000-hour continuous discharge. A non-conductive resin mold was proposed to prevent electrolytic corrosion of the carbon sheets. Discussions were given also on corrosion resistance of bonding agents. (NEDO)

Upgrading of brown coal by slurry-dewatering; Kattan no yuchu dassui ni yoru clean kotai nenryo no seizo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okuma, O.; Shimizu, T.; Inoue, T.; Shigehisa, T.; Deguchi, T.; Katsushima, S. [Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe (Japan)

1996-10-28

This paper describes an outline of solid fuel production process from brown coal and the investigation results of its elemental techniques. Dried coal is produced by this process which consists of a dewatering of crushed brown coal in oil-based solvent, a solid and liquid separation of slurry, and a remained oil recovery by heating. This process is characterized by the higher thermal efficiency compared with usual drying and the restraint of spontaneous combustion of product coal. It was revealed that solid fuel with low moisture, low ash, low sulfur, and suppressed spontaneous combustion property can be produced from Australian brown coal through this process. From the comparison between kerosene and fuel oil A, it was confirmed that the oil content during dewatering was smaller and the oil recovery by heating was easier by using a solvent with lower boiling point. It was also confirmed that the spontaneous combustion property can be suppressed using small amount of asphalt by solving asphalt in the solvent and adsorbing asphalt on the surface of brown coal. From these results, low rank coals including brown coal, which are difficult to use, are expected to be used as clean coal with low ash and low sulfur through this process. 2 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Technology assessment on a hydrogen fueled aircraft system; 1980 nendo suiso nenryo kokuki system ni kansuru technology assissment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This paper describes technology assessment on a hydrogen fueled aircraft system. Indispensable as technological assignments are structuring different safety systems including prevention of leakage and ignition, not to speak of developing an airframe structure that considers cryogenic and brittle nature of liquefied hydrogen. Operation related industries would be subjected to increased burdens, such as purchase and servicing of new implements and materials, but the liquefied hydrogen industry will have a chance of growing largely with wide repercussions. In the environmental aspect, the aircraft will have less CO and SOx emission in exhaust gas and lower noise than the conventional jet aircraft. Technological problems to be solved in the development include the safety of fuel tanks, safety assurance measures, and liquefied hydrogen of the required amount to be supplied easily and at low cost. To meet these requirements, noticeable progress is demanded in hydrogen manufacturing technologies. What is also required is explosion-proof safety that does not have to require crews to take special considerations in take-off and landing, not to speak of during flight. This also applies to fuel feeding and servicing on the ground. Considerations must be given that rise in operation cost should not be excessive. (NEDO)

Trends in business management strategies of major international oil companies; Kokusai sekiyu kigyo meja no keiei senryaku no doko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kashio, H. [The Institute of Energy Economics, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-07-01

This paper summarizes the former half part of the analysis made on business strategies of major international oil companies. The net earning of R/D Shell in fiscal 1994 increased by 1.8 billion dollars to 6.3 billion dollars. Its loan rate decreased to 16.7%. It increased the crude oil production by 3% to 2.2 million B/D, and the natural gas production by 1.2% to 7.3 billion cfd. The upstream department had the net earning decreased by 23% to 2.4 billion dollars because of decline in crude oil price. The net earning of the downstream department showed an increase by 20% over that in the previous year to 3.2 billion dollars. The chemical department had its business turned to black ink. The net earning of Exxon in the same year decreased by 200 million dollars to 5.1 billion dollars due to the reduced crude oil price and low refining margin. The upstream and downstream departments showed a decrease of 530 million and 630 million dollars respectively. The chemical department had an increase of 130% to 950 million dollars as a result of the recovery in the European markets. The net earning of Mobile in the same year showed a decrease of 2.1 billion dollars, ending in the amount of 1.1 billion dollars. The decrease has been caused by the decline in crude oil and natural gas prices and a 30% reduction in the refining margin. The chemical department changed for the better, with improved sales margins in oil products sold in overseas markets. 28 figs.

International symposium on environmental impacts of advanced alternative to CFC; CFC shinki daitai busshitsu no kankyo eikyo ni kansuru kokusai symposium hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-02-07

The international symposium on environmental effects of new CFC substitutes was held in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Pref. on February 7-9, 1996, and 19 papers were made public. In Session 1 (Plenary lecture), reports were made on Global warming and climate change: a review of recent studies; Stratospheric ozone, CFCs, and CFC-substitutes: an update, etc. In Session 2, Measurements of OH rate constants for advanced refrigerants as well as HCFCs and HFCs; The reaction rate of CFC alternatives with OH radical; Experimental and estimated rate constants: reactions of hydroxyl radicals with several halocarbons, etc. In Session 3, Measurement of uptake coefficients of some acetyl halides and fluorinated ethers into water; Mass transfer at the air/water interface: removal processes of halocarbonyl compounds; Heterogeneous reactions of fluorinated ethers on allophane or titanium dioxide, etc. In Session 4, papers were reported on model calculations relating to the global warming.

Analysis of fuel spray characteristics for premixed lean diesel combustion; Kihaku yokongo diesel kikan ni okeru nenryo funmu kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, S; Harada, a; Miyamoto, T; Akagawa, H; Tsujimura, K

1997-10-01

Premixed lean diesel combustion (PREDIC) makes it possible to achieve low NOx emission. It is an important factor to make the homogeneous spray formation for PREDIC. In this paper presents I the effect of the spray dispersion on emission characteristic were analyzed with the spray observation and engine test. Pintle type nozzle, which has different feature from orifice type nozzle, are used to form the hollow cone spray. As a result, the pintle type nozzle having grooves to generate the swirl flow, makes the reduced penetration in comparison with the hole nozzle under low ambient gas pressure. And it could improve THC, CO emissions at low NOx emission condition. 7 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Development of coal gas production technology acceptable for fuel cells; Nenryo denchiyo sekitan gas seizo gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, T [Center for Coal Utilization, Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Kimura, N; Omata, K [Electric Power Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-09-01

In utilizing coal for high-efficiency direct power generation using fuel cells, it is necessary that coal be fed into the fuel cells after having been made into ash-free gaseous fuel. Research and development works are being carried out with an objective to develop a coal gasification furnace most suitable for fuel cells and establish a system to refine coal up to the one that can be fed into fuel cells. Fiscal 1995 has conducted investigations on coal gasification technologies, air separation technologies, and gas refining technologies as the important element technologies, and a trial design on integrated coal gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems. This paper reports from among the above items the result of the trial design on an IGFC system using molten carbonate fuel cells. The paper describes system comparison on paths of produced gases and anode waste gas, comparison on refining processes using a wet system and a dry system, and parameter studies on oxygen concentration in gasifying agents. It was made clear that the suitable furnace is an oxygen blown coal gasification furnace, and the power generation efficiency at the system terminal can be higher than 53%. 11 figs., 6 tabs.

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Establishment of the base data for fuel quality standardization; 2000 nendo jidoshayo nenryo denchi no fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. Nenryo seijo kikakuka no tame no base data chikuseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project is aimed at studies on the effects of impurities and additives in hydrogen and methanol fuels, to establish the base data for fuel quality standardization and thereby to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. Literature survey is conducted for the effects of the impurities on performance of the cells and hydrogen-occluding alloys, and various additives for improving safety, e.g., odorants, flame visualizers for hydrogen, and fuel colorants and flame visualizers for methanol. Under the present standards, the cell and alloy performance may be affected by the impurities, e.g., CO and sulfur compounds. The commercial products are sampled, to analyze the impurity components and their concentrations. Hydrogen produced by various processes contains a high proportion of CO before being refined, which may adversely affect the performance. Methanol sampled from less frequently used refilling stations contains high proportions of carbonyl compounds, and it is necessary to confirm their effects of the reformer. In order to investigate the effects of impurities, the performance tests are conducted using the test apparatuses for performance evaluation of power generation by fuel cells and hydrogen-occluding alloys. Propane is found to be an effective flame visualizer for hydrogen, but should be contained at 5% or more to visualize the flame. (NEDO)

Amendment of oil related systems. Abolishment of the temporary measure law for importing specific petroleum products and amendment of the oil storage law and the volatile oil selling business law; Sekiyu kanren no seido kaisei ni tsuite. Tokutei sekiyu seihin yunyu oyobi kihatsuyu hanbaigyoho no kaisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kobayashi, I. [Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-07-20

This paper describes the following matters related to amendment of oil related systems which will be enforced according to the result of discussions at the Petroleum Council on the ways the oil product supply should be in the future. The temporary measure law for importing specific oil products shall be abolished when it will be expired in March 1996. This is because the law has limited the oil product importing organizations only to oil companies who have oil refining capabilities, and the continuation of the law would lose its justifiability under the present circumstances in the petroleum industry. The oil reservation law is then amended so that the emergency handling ability on oil supply will not be hampered even after possible expansion in the number of oil product importing organizations as a result of the abolishment of the temporary measure law. The quality management systems for oil products will also be revised so that the present level on quality items of the minimum necessity will not be declined with respect to the environments and safety. Furthermore, the area designating system that has been limiting erection of oil service stations will be repealed by October 1996. 2 tabs.

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D of the substituting gas system and the substituting process of the etching gas used in the electronic device production process; 1999 nendo denshi device seizo process de shiyosuru etching gas no daitai gas system oyobi daitai process no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

As to the dry etching process and the wiring process where PFC gas and electric power are required most in the electronic device production process, an investigational study was conducted with the aim of PFC saving and energy saving, and the FY 1999 results were summed up. In the study, high efficiency etching process analysis equipment was developed, and three kinds of PFC gas quantitative analysis method were comparatively studied. Relating to the substitution of global environmental warming gas, it was found that C{sub x}F{sub y} type gas was effective which includes no oxygen, has a lot of carbon element numbers, and has double unsaturated bond. Further, in the study of the technology of PFC decomposition by plasma, it was indicated that PFC of 98.7% at maximum in exhaust gas could be removed on ideal conditions. In the dry etching technology by non-PFC gas of the organic insulating film, it was found out that NH{sub 3} base gas is more excellent in both shape and speed of etching than the existing O{sub 2} base one. As to the future wiring technology, new concepts of the optical wiring inside chip, etc. were proposed. (NEDO)

NEDO fuel/storage technology subcommittee. 18th project report meeting; NEDO nenryo chozo gijutsu bunkakai. Dai 18 kai jigyo hokokukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

Taro Yamayasu, a NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) director, reports fuel and storage technologies, taking reference to the research and development of technologies relating to fuel cell power generation, cell power storage system of a novel type, ceramic gas turbine, superconductor-generated power application, wide-area energy utilization network system (urbane eco-energy system), high-temperature superconductor-supported flywheel power storage, demonstration of a novel method of load levelling, demonstration test for the establishment of a centralized control system, and so forth. Reported also is research and development involving a molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, current status of distributed cell power storage system development (large lithium secondary storage battery technology development), current status of superconductor-generated power application technology, regenerative cycle type 2-shaft ceramic gas turbine for a 300kW-class cogeneration system, high-density latent heat transportation, and so forth. (NEDO)

Heat recovery properties from fuel cell system for telecommunications use; Tsushin`yo nenryo denchi system ni okeru hainetsu kaishu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizawa, M.; Iida, S.; Abe, I.; Yamamoto, M. [NTT Integrated Information and Energy Systems Laboratories, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-08-20

NTT is developing a phosphoric-acid fuel-cell energy system for telecommunication co-generation systems to reduce energy costs and help preserve the environment. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical power to telecommunication equipment and the heat energy that is generated is used by the absorption refrigerators to cool the telecommunication rooms throughout the year. We field-tested this fuel-cell energy system in a telephone office. Two heat recovery methods were applied in the test: one uses direct steam heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant to keep the heat recovery temperature high and to avoid requiring a heat exchanger for the recovery; the other uses heat recovery from the reformer exhaust gas that is directly in contact with the heat recovery water to recover heat more economically. Our field tests confirmed that the average efficiency of heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant is 16%, and from the reformer exhaust gas is 9% under 80-kW continuous operation. Maximum total efficiency including electrical power efficiency was confirmed to be about 73% under the condition of 100-kW and an S/C ratio of 2.5 in the winter period: heat recovery from the fuel-cell stack coolant was 23%, from the reformer exhaust gas was 10%, and from electrical conversion was about 40%. 9 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Development of ceramic roller bush for diesel fuel injection pump; Nenryo funsha pump yo ceramics sei roller bush no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noda, K; Kamiya, S; Fujimura, M; Tsuzuki, M [Toyota Motor Corp., Aichi (Japan); Taniguchi, K [Denso Corp., Aichi (Japan)

1997-10-01

Silicon nitride ceramics have been applied to roller bush for diesel fuel injection pump in order to improve the seizure resistance. It was found that ceramic roller bush made it possible to improve the seizure load by more than three times as compared to conventional metal roller bush when the kerosene was used as lubricant The ceramic roller bush proved to be durable under engine operating conditions. 6 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 1997 development of fuel cell power generation technology. Part 3. Supplementary explanation to R and D of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system; 1997 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu hosoku setsumeisho. 3. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-05-01

A supplementary explanation was compiled for the results of a commissioned project reported in fiscal 1997 (development of fuel cell power generation technology, and R and D (3) of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system). The supplementary explanation was given on the development of parallel flow stack, design/manufacturing of 250 kW stacks, design and manufacturing of 250 kW stacks in connection with installation/adjustment. (NEDO)

Achievement report for 1st phase (fiscal 1974-80) Sunshine Program research and development - Hydrogen energy. Research on fuel cell (Research on high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell); 1974-1980 nendo suiso energy seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi no kenkyu (koon kotai denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

Relative to the research and development of technologies for fabricating, and assessing, materials for the constitution of high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells, stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte fuel cell manufacturing technologies are developed by use of thin film formation techniques such as high-frequency sputtering, plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition), and the thermolysis of organic zirconia compound coating. As the result, it is found that high-frequency sputtering produces thin film which is satisfying in terms of cost efficiency. Furthermore, it is found that defects in solid electrolytic thin film formed by the high-frequency sputtering method, that is, pinholes and cracks, will be remedied when the coating thermolysis method is jointly applied. In the research on fuel cell power systems, column-type high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells are built, and a power generation test is conducted. The test is successfully completed when the output of a fuel cell of the 9-column module structure gradually increases until a maximum output of 110W is achieved. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on joint research to develop fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers. Research on evaluating life of phosphoric acid fuel cells; 1997 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho. Rinsangata nenryo denchi jumyo hyoka kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-05-01

This paper discusses life evaluation on phosphoric acid fuel cells of urban energy center type for regional energy supply and on-site type to be installed in buildings. Operation characteristics tests and disassembly checks allow to identify factors for voltage decrease, and estimate the life therefrom particularly if the voltage decrease is caused from catalyst activity. The time before 10% decrease value is reached is now about 40,000 hours. The creep analysis method that has been developed recently can predict deformation in full-size reformers nearly exactly, and is effective in operating the reformer and evaluating the life at the design stage. Creep buckling is the critical value, which is caused by ecliptic deformation of internal tubes in the second catalyst layer. In a heat exchanger for fuel gas preheating, carbon in the reformed gas is carbonized and deposited due to catalytic action of nickel in the brazing material that bonds plates and fins in the heat exchanger. Iron also has a possibility of performing catalytic action. In the on-site type 1,000-kW class fuel cells, no structural problems have been presented even after the operation has been stopped. In order to extend time interval between phosphoric acid supply into the cells, it is necessary to reduce difference in the remaining phosphoric acid amounts in the stack lamination direction and in the cell flat surface. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Development of the infrastructure to spread stationary polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems; 2000 nendo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. Teichiyo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no fukyu kiban seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 studies on development of the infrastructures necessary for introduction and spread of stationary polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems. This project is aimed at establishment of testing and evaluation methods for safety, reliability, performance and so on, and collection of the data, both domestic and foreign, for drafting rules and standardization. The methods are studied to collect the data for the start-up/shut-down operations and rated-load/partial-load operations; establishing the methods for safety evaluation when inert gas purging is dispensed with; and dependence of the cell stack on current, carbon monoxide concentration and cell temperature to establish the basic performance testing methods. The makers are independently developing the stationary PEFC systems, and the data of the selected systems are collected individually as the test systems. The cell stacks also adopt different humidification and cooling methods by makers, and they are tested and their data are collected and analyzed, in order to establish the common testing methods. (NEDO)

Effect of oxygenated fuel on premixed lean diesel combustion; Kihaku yokongo diesel nensho ni oyobosu gansanso nenryo kongo keiyu no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, S.; Miyamoto, T.; Harada, A.; Akagawa, H.; Tsujimura, K. [New ACE Institute Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-05-01

Because injection timing in diesel engines is early in a premixed lean diesel combustion system using early fuel injection, ignition timing is determined by ignitability of the fuel used. The conventional diesel fuel, which has good ignitability, causes excessively early ignition, thus aggravating fuel consumption. In order to reduce cylinder temperature with an aim of delaying ignition timing to improve the fuel consumption, attempts are being made on using low cetane fuels to reduce CO2 gas supply or compression ratio, and to vary ignitability of the fuels. The present study investigated ignition timing control and properties of exhausts by mixing different types of oxygenated fuels into light oil. Mixing the oxygenated fuels into light oil proved that the ignition timing can be controlled, and mixing such low cetane fuels as ethanol and MTBE achieved improvement in fuel consumption. Trial use of the oxygenated fuels aggravated CO concentration, which is caused because the cylinder temperature was reduced. Numerical calculations suggest that use of fuels with faster evaporation speed and lower cetane number is effective in improving the fuel consumption and the exhausts. 12 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Simulation study using 3-D wavefield modeling for oil and gas exploration; Sanjigen hadoba modeling wo mochiita sekiyu tanko no simulation study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Saeki, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

As the surroundings of objects of oil exploration grow more complicated, seismic survey methods have turned 3-dimensional and, in this report, several models are examined using the 3-dimensional simulation technology. The result obtained by the conventional wave tracking method is different from actual wavefields, and is unrealistic. The difference method among the fullwave modelling methods demands an exorbitantly long computation time and high cost. A pseudospectral method has been developed which is superior to the difference method, and has been put to practical use thanks to the advent of parallel computers. It is found that a 3-dimensional survey is mandatory in describing faults. After examining the SEG/EAGE Salt model, it is learned that the salt is well-developed and that 3-dimensional depth migration is required for sub-salt exploration. It is also found through simulation of the EAGE/S Overthrust model, which is an elastic model, that no quality records are available on thrust zones in complicated terrains. The records are poor in quality since the actually measured wavefield is regarded as an acoustic wavefield when it is an elastic wavefield. 1 refs., 18 figs., 2 tabs.

Research report on the trend of preventive measures against global warming by substituting CFCs; Daitai freon no chiku ondanka taisaku doko ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper reports the research results on the present state and future trend of protective measures for the ozone layer, and the trend of preventive measures against global warming by substituting CFCs such as HFC, through international conferences, meetings and lecture meetings, and literature survey. In the 8th meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol, it was presented that refrigerator producers in Thailand phased out CFCs from their products earlier than the schedule in cooperation with Japan. The final draft including the approval of essential use from 1997 to 2002 was reviewed, and reported to the technology/economy assessment panel. Reduction of ozone depleting substances was guided in Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines. The latest trend of substituting technologies of HCFC was surveyed, and the control trend of F-containing greenhouse effect gas emission was also surveyed through the conference of the parties of climate change in fiscal 1996. Based on the IPCC report in 1995, the emission amount of greenhouse gases of nearly 10% in contribution such as CO2, methane and fluorocarbon was arranged. R and D on destruction of CFCs was also surveyed. 35 refs., 54 figs., 32 tabs.

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Part 1. Development of fuel cell power generation technologies (Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system); 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenknyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This research and development project is aimed at development of the stacking, cooling and operating technologies for the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation systems, to improve service life and performance of these systems and reduce their cost, based on the results obtained so far by the FY 1993. The R and D efforts are directed to (1) technologies for improving stack performance, (2) development of the plant system by operating a 1,000kW class power generation system, and (3) support technologies, e.g., those for stack materials. The item (1) studies 3 stack types, cross-flow, parallel-flow and internal reforming types, including the electrodes, electrolyte-supporting bases and improvement of performance and service life by separator reforming for the cross-flow and parallel-flow types, and installation and operation of a 200kW class stack system for the internal reforming type, where cells are assembled into the system and tested for their operability, after the auxiliary units are PAC-tested. The item (2) installs a 1,000kW class plant, which is operated, after clearing the requirements set by the related laws, e.g., Electric Utility Industry Law, for starting the operation, to achieve the intended targets. The item (3) includes development of the technologies for stack materials, technologies for handling gases produced by coal gasification, and studies on the total systems. (NEDO)

Fundamental analysis of thermally regenerative fuel cell utilizing solar heat; Taiyonetsu wo riyosuru netsu saiseigata nenryo denchi no kiso tokusei no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ando, Y; Tanaka, T; Takashima, T; Doi, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan); Aosawa, T; Kogoshi, S [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Study was made on a thermally regenerative fuel cell using solar heat. The thermally regenerative fuel cell was devised which is composed of 2-propanol liquid-phase endothermic dehydrogenation at nearly 100degC, and acetone liquid- phase exothermic hydrogenation at nearly 30degC as reverse reaction. This low-temperature dehydrogenation can relatively easily utilize a flat solar heat concentrator. 2-propanol dehydrogenation generates acetone and hydrogen. Generated acetone generates electric power in hydrogenation, generating propanol. This propanol regenerates acetone and hydrogen in dehydrogenation. The activity of Ru and Pt composite catalyst was considerably higher than that of Ru or Pt single catalyst. The activity was also higher in carbon felt or carbon cloth carrier than carbon plate carrier. The open circuit voltage of the fuel cell was estimated to be 110-120mV, nearly consisting with theoretical values. Short circuit current was also estimated to be 9-11mA, suggesting reduction of its internal resistance as an important subject. 4 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Study of fuel spray characteristics for premixed lean diesel combustion; Kihaku yokongo diesel kikan ni okeru nenryo funmu keisei ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, S.; Miyamoto, T.; Harada, A.; Akagawa, H.; Tsujimura, K. [New ACE Institute Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-05-01

A study is being made on premixed lean diesel combustion (PREDIC) by means of early fuel injection in diesel engines. The PREDIC makes it possible to largely reduce NOx emission, but has such problems as ignition control and increase in THC and CO generation. In order to clarify the relationship between fuel spray characteristics in the PREDIC and properties of gas mixture and exhausts, the present study has investigated spread and internal structure of the spray by means of spray observation experiment using a pintle swirl nozzle. Based on the result therefrom, simulations were used to investigate effects of spatial dispersion characteristics of the spray on properties of the gas mixture and exhausts before ignition. The pintle swirl nozzle forms conical spray having an air layer inside the spray, where penetration is suppressed even under low atmospheric pressure. By forming hollow spray or solid spray in the conical spray, a possibility was indicated that equivalent ratio distribution of the gas mixture can be controlled and NO emission may be reduced. 8 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1998 annual report on the conversion of fuel at Igumnovskaya thermal power plant; Igumnovskaya hatsudensho nenryo tenkan 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

As part of the industrially advanced countries' joint action on the basis of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a thermal power plant in Igumnovskaya (I-plant), Russia was selected as the candidate for rationalization by conversion of fuel from coal to natural gas and introduction of combined-cycle generation, for investigation of the effect on reduction of greenhouse gas generation. The I-plant is located in one of the Russia's largest chemical industry regions, supplying power and steam to the factories in the region. The draft rationalization plan adopts a combination of a coal-fired 300,000 kWh plant that has not been completed and obsolete facilities in the I-plant as the reference case. The plan is drafted to construct a 450,000 kWh combined cycle unit and 3-200 t/h boilers, while effectively utilizing the existing facilities. It requires an investment of US$340 million. The construction works are scheduled to start in 2002 for the initial start-up in 2004. It is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 1.8 million tons a year and cumulatively 52.7 million tons in the 30-year period from 2005. (NEDO)

Electrolyte loss mechanism of molten carbonate fuel cells. 1; Yoyu tansan`engata nenryo denchi ni okeru denkaishitsu loss kiko ni tsuite. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

During a single-cell disassembly test of molten carbonate fuel cells having been operated for 90 hours to 5500 hours, correlativity was discovered between decrease in the retained amount of electrolyte due to decrease in pore capacity of electrodes and electrolyte plates and the electrolyte loss. The electrolyte loss amount cannot be explained with the conventional mechanisms, thereby a new model was proposed. The cathode has shown very little change in the capacity change in pores with diameters smaller than 2 {mu}m per unit area. The anode has remained almost constant after 1000 hours, but the electrolyte plates have shown remarkable decrease. Therefore, it is possible to estimate that the electrolyte plates should have been the major cause for the electrolyte loss. The result of measuring the electrolyte loss amount agreed well with that estimated using pore capacity curves. This fact suggests that the electrolyte loss can be explained by a new mechanism that hypothesizes the existence of a largest size of retaining pores that can support carbonates and defines that the electrolyte loss is generated from decrease in the pore capacity. 7 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Sintering behavior of porous electrolyte supporting matrix for molten carbonate fuel cells; Yoyu tansan`en nenryo denchi denkaishitsu hojiso no shoketsu kyodo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

Considerations were given on pore distribution in lithium aluminate that supports electrolyte in molten carbonate fuel cells under cell operating condition, and its sintering mechanism by measuring time-based change in the linear contraction. The following findings were obtained: Pore capacity in the lithium aluminate layer has decreased in 1000-hour operation, creating pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m in which no carbonates have been filled; the cross-leak in reaction gases and ion resistance in the electrolyte retaining layer have increased resulting in degraded cell performance; the lithium aluminate layer has generated initial quick densification as a result of melting of the carbonates, with the more the liquid phase, the larger the linear contraction; and pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m are thought to have been generated as the densification of the lithium aluminate due to dissolution and reprecipitation progresses. The densification can be explained well if this is regarded to consist of a slow densification process in association with sintering of lithium aluminate particles, and progress in a sintering mechanism where solid phase has solubility against liquid phase. 9 refs., 8 figs.

Cavitation characteristics of multihole diesel-fuel nozzles in high-speed oil flows. Diesel kikan yo nenryo tako nozzle no abura cavitation tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokota, M. (Shimonoseki Univ. of Fisheris, Yamaguchi (Japan)); Ito, Y. (Hachinohe Inst. of Tech., Aomori (Japan)); Aoki, H. (Xexel-Gleason U.S.A. Inc., New York (U.S.A))

1991-07-25

Recently, since higher velocity and higher pressure are required for diesel injection systems, cavitation behaviors in high velocity oil flows are strongly interested in such as 100 to 500 m/s for oil flow velocity and less than the cavitation factor {sigma} of 0.01. In this paper, oil cavitation characteristics at the injection part of multihole nozzles, especially on the flow characteristics, were studied systematically using fuel injection multihole nozzles for an actual use. As a result, it was clarified that subcavitation area (sub C), transition area, and supercavitation area (SC) could be existing in C{sub d}-{sigma} relation, which was similar to that specified cavitation conditions could be exisiting in the actual working area of multihole nozzles. And it was also clarified that flow coefficient C{sub d} relied on Reynolds number R{sub e} in the transition of {sigma}{ge}{sigma}{sub cr} and in {sub C} area, and mainly relied on {sigma} in SC area of {sigma}<{sigma}{sub cr}. Moreover, it was also confirmed that such tendency was similar to the one of the two-dimensional contraction of an area. 22 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Hear recovery properties from fuel cell system for telecommunications use; Tsushin`yo nenryo denchi system no fuirudotesuto ni okeru hainetsu kaishu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizawa, M.; Iida, S.; Abe, I.; Amanuma, H. [NTT Integrated Information and Energy Systems Laboratories Tokyo (Japan); Uekusa, T.; Waragai, S. [NTT Power and Building Eacilities Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-20

NTT is developing a phosphoric acid fuel cell energy system for telecommunication co-generation systems to reduce energy costs and help preserve the environment. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical power to telecommunication equipment and the heat energy that is generated is used by the absorption refrigerator to cool the telecommunication rooms throughout the year. We fieldtested this fuel cell energy system in a telephone office for three years. Heat recovered water from fuel cell stack coolant was supplied to the absorption refrigerator and further extra-heat was recovered by a heat exchanger. The toral heat recovery amount was about 86000 kca/h (the heat recovery efficiency was 20%) under 200kW operation. The absorption refrigerator was supplied about 49000kcal/h of heat and operated with 0.7 of coefficient of performance throughtout the year. The electrical efficiency was maintained more than 38% after 13000h operation. 12 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

FY 1998 annual report on the conversion of fuel at Igumnovskaya thermal power plant; Igumnovskaya hatsudensho nenryo tenkan 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

As part of the industrially advanced countries' joint action on the basis of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a thermal power plant in Igumnovskaya (I-plant), Russia was selected as the candidate for rationalization by conversion of fuel from coal to natural gas and introduction of combined-cycle generation, for investigation of the effect on reduction of greenhouse gas generation. The I-plant is located in one of the Russia's largest chemical industry regions, supplying power and steam to the factories in the region. The draft rationalization plan adopts a combination of a coal-fired 300,000 kWh plant that has not been completed and obsolete facilities in the I-plant as the reference case. The plan is drafted to construct a 450,000 kWh combined cycle unit and 3-200 t/h boilers, while effectively utilizing the existing facilities. It requires an investment of US$340 million. The construction works are scheduled to start in 2002 for the initial start-up in 2004. It is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 1.8 million tons a year and cumulatively 52.7 million tons in the 30-year period from 2005. (NEDO)

Evaluation report on research and development of a subsea petroleum production system; Kaitei sekiyu seisan system no kenkyu kaihatsu ni kansuru hyoka hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

In order to assure stable supply of oil and natural gas resources, and achieve enhancement in ocean development technologies in general, development has been made on the subsea petroleum production system (SBPPS), which is effective in ocean floor petroleum production from oil fields at great depths (300 m or deeper), and can be applicable to continental shelves and continental slopes around Japan. The SBPPS consists of four sub-systems of shafts, pipelines, manifolds, and riser and oil storage, whose basic development targets were established for the total system. The system was given a conceptual design for the total system, and the above four sub-systems were designed according to the conceptual design. The experimenting devices of each system were fabricated on a trial basis while fundamental studies are being made on component technologies, and experiments were performed to verify basic functions of the sub-systems. Developments were made on such operation technologies as the system operation technology, production control technology, safety control technology, and maintenance and repair technology required to operate the SBPPS. On-shore and general off-shore experiments were carried out to verify the functions of the experimenting devices of each system, the comprehensive functions and the operation technology. Comprehensive evaluation was given on the above achievements from the technical, economic and social viewpoints. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Part 2-1. Development of fuel cell power generation technologies (Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system); 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-1. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This research and development project is aimed at modification and improvement of the stacking technologies, to improve service life and performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system and reduce its cost. For the cross-flow type stack, optimization of the anode firing conditions leads to controlled reduction of the fine pores, and incorporation of the cathode with MgO successfully leads to controlled elution of NiO and Ni short-cut. For the separator, the service life is extended by treatment of the material with Al and controlling its rigidity. The cell life prediction method is improved to enhance its accuracy. The cell life of -4.3mV/1,000h is achieved by these technologies. For the parallel-flow type stack, the electrodes are improved to achieve the cell life of -1.4mV/1,000h, the technologies for producing the separator for a 1m{sup 2} class unit are developed, and the basic structures of a large-capacity stack are designed. For the internal reforming type, a 200kW class reforming stack is constructed, and operated for 5,259 hours. The causes for electrolyte loss are analyzed by developing the relationships between operating temperature and electrolyte loss, electrolyte mass and sustainability of the cell characteristics, and steam partial pressure over the cathode and electrolyte loss, and also by testing the Ni short-cut. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the infrastructure construction project for spreading high-efficiency fuel cell systems/development of test apparatuses for evaluation of fuel cell systems for automobiles; 2000 nendo kokoritsu nenryo denchi system kiban gijutsu kaihatsu / jidoshayo nenryo denchi system hyoka shiken sochi no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project studies the testing/evaluation methods for spreading fuel cells for automobiles. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. The problems involved in evaluation of the single cell units are classified into those involved in the cell construction and methods of evaluating the operation performances of the single cell units. These problems are analyzed mainly by literature survey. The mode simulation tests will be greatly simplified, if the system can be tested on the bench without being actually boarded on the vehicle. Therefore, this project is aimed at development of a comprehensive mode simulator which can be automatically operated corresponding to the running modes of various countries, to test the performance of FCEV and to examine the effects of each component independently on the vehicle performance. The factors required to reproduce the actual driving states of an FCEV on the bench are analyzed, and the conceptual designs are drawn for the controlling algorithms. It is necessary to standardize the stack and reformer testing methods, in order to evaluate the fuel cell system components. For these objects, the prototype units are constructed to evaluate 10kW direct hydrogen type stacks and 5kW methanol reformers. The units are also constructed to evaluate the high-pressure (1MPa) reformer reactors and hydrogen separation membrane systems. (NEDO)

Design of hydroprocessing catalyst for the production of ultra clean fuels. Super clean nenryo wo mezashita jushitsu tanka suiso seisei shokubai no kokinoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimada, Hiromichi (National Chemical Lab. for Industry,Tsukuba, (Japan))

1990-02-01

In order to develop high function catalyst for the ultra clean fuel refining and other purposes, the catalyst was studied in correlation between the function and structure. Hydrogenation power of aromatic ring and hydrogenolysis power of carbon-carbon bonding, which are principal functions of catalyst in the hydrogenation refining, were evaluated with model material. 30 kinds of catalyst were figure shown in classification result of evaluation. As for the mutual operation of molybdenum and carrier, it is necessary for molybdenum sulfide to be highly dispersed on carrier in order to heighten the hydrogenation activity. While the hydrogenolysis activity, as necessitating electrically negative molybdenum type to be formed on carrier, is manifested by the formation of Bronsted acidity point with hydrogen sulfide, adhering thereto. As for the molybdenum sulfide catalyst, mainly hydrogenation activity point, in case that structure, similar to molybdenum disulfide, is dispersed as a single layer on carrier, and hydrogenolysis activity point, in case that it forms a multi-layer structure thereon, are formed in edge part of respective crystal. The lowering in activity under a long time sevre condition, which mainly are carbonic material deposition, matallic adhesion, etc., is also influenced by the structural change in catalyst. 10 refs., 5 figs. 2 tabs.

Data book on new energy technology development in FY 1997. Fuel cells; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The purpose of this survey is to grasp the trends of technology development of fuel cells and their market, and to provide data required for supporting the introduction and diffusion of fuel cells. This report consists of Part 1 titled as `Trends of development of fuel cells in FY 1997`, and Part 2 titled as `Compiled data`. The Part 1 consists of three chapters, i.e., Chapter 1 titled as `Introduction`, Chapter 2 as `Development trends of fuel cells for on-site power generation`, and Chapter 3 as `Trends of development of fuel cells for mobile objects and fuel cell-powered vehicles`. The introductory chapter not only outlines the development trends but also describes the results of the 5th Grove Fuel Cell Symposium noticed as the major global international symposium on fuel cell in general and the environmental problems discussed at the COP3 Kyoto Conference, both held in TY 1997. The Part 2 contains the principles, system configurations and applications of fuel cells, PAFC, MCFC, SOFC, PEFC, modifier, DMFC, development trend of fuel cell-powered vehicles, and national policies for fuel cells in Japan. The Appendix features a report of the new technique investigation working group and information on fuel cells from newspapers. 100 refs., 4 figs.

MT survey in the Minaminoshiro oil field; Minaminoshiro chiiki ni okeru MT ho ni yoru sekiyu tanko (sanjigen MT ho chosa no kento). 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuo, K; Minegishi, M [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-10-22

Preliminary experiment, investigation, and study are conducted prior to an experimental 3-D MT (magnetotelluric) survey planned to be carried out in the Minaminoshiro district, Akita Prefecture. In the preliminary investigation, MT measurements were performed at nine locations. It was anticipated that national highways, waste treatment plants, high-voltage power lines, and railways in presence in the district would act as noise sources. Although the impact of such noise was detected in the single site treatment result, yet it was found that it would be mostly eliminated by use of the remote reference treatment. It was learned that the resistivity structure in this district was quite low in contrast or 1 ohm/m against 30 ohm/m, but the result of 3-D model calculation indicated that a sufficient analysis would be possible even in such a low contrast case. Furthermore, as the result of the study of the density of observation stations in the magnetic field, it was found that changes in the response of magnetic field to the resistivity structure would be approximately 2% at the maximum and that the ill effect on the result of measurement would be of the negligible magnitude even when a single magnetic field observation station is deployed against plural electric field observation stations. 6 refs., 7 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on development of power generation using fuel cells. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell (II-2, text of the achievement); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (II-2, kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

The effort aims at developing a 1000kW-class power plant and also at using gasified coal as fuel in the future. The fuel system facilities include a high-temperature blower. The exhaust heat recovery facilities comprise a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a turbine compressor. As for the electrical system facilities, an inverter is installed, tested, and adjusted. Control system facilities are also tested and adjusted. In relation with the operation of the plant, coordination is conducted about technological and process-related matters with the Kawagoe thermal power station of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., where the fuel cell power plant is to be constructed, which is for the smooth execution of a test run. Ceramic-based cathode materials are being developed, which is for the fabrication of stacks improved in performance, higher in current density, longer in life, and lower in cost. Also exerted are efforts at developing multiple-function electrolyte plates and metallic materials (for example for separator plating). The extent of the acceptability of impurities concentration and gas refining systems are also under study, which is to prepare for future coal gasification. Reference is also made to the study of a total system. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on development of power generation using fuel cells. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell (II-2, text of the achievement); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (II-2, kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

The effort aims at developing a 1000kW-class power plant and also at using gasified coal as fuel in the future. The fuel system facilities include a high-temperature blower. The exhaust heat recovery facilities comprise a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a turbine compressor. As for the electrical system facilities, an inverter is installed, tested, and adjusted. Control system facilities are also tested and adjusted. In relation with the operation of the plant, coordination is conducted about technological and process-related matters with the Kawagoe thermal power station of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., where the fuel cell power plant is to be constructed, which is for the smooth execution of a test run. Ceramic-based cathode materials are being developed, which is for the fabrication of stacks improved in performance, higher in current density, longer in life, and lower in cost. Also exerted are efforts at developing multiple-function electrolyte plates and metallic materials (for example for separator plating). The extent of the acceptability of impurities concentration and gas refining systems are also under study, which is to prepare for future coal gasification. Reference is also made to the study of a total system. (NEDO)

Report on achievement in developing fuel cell power generation technology in fiscal 1998. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system (Summary of the research result); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kenkyu seika no yoyaku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

Based on the achievement made in the second term plan of researching and developing a molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, attempts are made on extending the service life, improving the performance, and reducing the cost. At the same time, lamination, cooling and operation technologies will be established, and a 1000-kW class power generation plant will be developed. Realization of use of coal gasified fuel in the future is aimed. Stack materials and their processing technologies will be developed, the cell durability will be improved, and the total system research will be carried out. This paper describes the achievements made during fiscal 1998. A process and control (PAC) test was performed on the fuel system facilities in the 1000-kW class generation plant, and its result was analyzed. The fuel system facilities had the test program using simulated fuel cells set from the system side digested nearly completely, verifying that actions can be taken for operation using actual fuel cells to be executed in fiscal 1999. Analysis of the test result presented raw material conversion rate of 96.6% or higher, generation of hydrogen plus CO of 740 m{sup 3} N/h, and NOx generation of 10 ppm or less. Stable combustion of a low calorie gas (500 kcal/m{sup 3} N) was achieved, completing all of the research objectives planned for fiscal 1998. (NEDO)

General report on the results of the development of fuel cell technology such as urban energy center. Evaluation study of life of phosphoric acid fuel cells (fiscal 1995 and 1996); Toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu kenkyu seika sogo hokokusho. Rinsangata nenryo denchi jumyo hyoka kenkyu (1995 kara 1996 nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Receiving subsidies from MITI, NEDO carried out this project in fiscal 1995 and 1996 as a joint research with Technology Research Association for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Power Generation System and others. The project aimed at developing the accelerated test method which can evaluate in a short time the cell life of phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) and the lowering of characteristics. The accelerated test method of PAFC life is thought to be a tool indispensable for the promotion of commercialization, but the accelerated test method like the usual material evaluation has not yet been established. To solve this problem, procedures were developed to rationally plan the accelerated test on short stacks of full scale based on the small cell test data. Here, to rationally estimate the operational state under actual conditions based on the data on the accelerated test, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanism of deterioration of PAFC. By conducting in parallel the element study for the basic elucidation of cell deterioration phenomena, obtained was the useful information/knowledge which back up the results of the accelerated test scientifically. 168 figs., 33 tabs.

Survey on construction of the database for new energy technology development. Fuel cell; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

As a part of the data related to technological development of new energy, the database for fuel cells was prepared. The major international conferences held in fiscal 1996 were reviewed. As the atmosphere of the whole conference, phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) is in a stage just before practical use, and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is in a stage of the demonstration study of MW class one. The study on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is in considerable progress. In particular, the application of PEFC to automobiles is in real investigation. For the database, kinds and features of various fuel cells, operation principles, system configurations of FC plants, application fields, and characteristics were arranged. Field test examples for public and industrial uses were separately arranged, and in particular, the application examples of PAFC were presented together with developmental conditions of the other fuel cells. Overseas situations were equal to domestic ones, and their marketability was predicted. The Japanese subsidy policy and some U.S. policies were also arranged. 28 refs., 51 figs., 37 tabs.

Investigation on preparing data collections related to new energy technology development. Fuel cells; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

With an objective to put data related to fuel cells systematically into order, related data were collected comprehensively. Reviewing large international conferences impresses dawn of commercialization in phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), take-off of megawatt-class molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and remarkable advancement in studies on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The data collection may be compiled as follows: basic principles, features, operation principles, system configurations, utilization fields, and characteristics were summarized on fuel cell power generation systems using phosphoric acid, polymer, molten carbonate, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells; major installation examples in Japan and overseas countries were summarized; investigations were given on developing other fuel cells such as alkaline type and direct methanol type fuel cells; and marketability, subsidies operations in Japan, and states of policy implementation in the U.S.A. were investigated and put into order. 22 refs., 24 figs., 21 tabs.

Actual situation and future tendency of relaxation of petroleum restrictions in Western Europe. Seio ni okeru sekiyu kisei kanwa no jittai to kongo no doko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1989-07-31

An oversea investigation was made in 1988 to study the present situation of the relaxation trends of petroleum resrictions in the countries of Western Europe. Among petroleum markets of West European countries, in those of West Germany and UK both quantity and price have had no restrictions. And in France they were liberalized quite recently. On the other hand, in South European countries such as Italy, Spain and Greece the prices of petroleum products are controlled by the governments. EC is going to integrate petroleum markets by the end of 1992 so that petroleum products may flow beyond the borders freely. In France, relaxation of restrictions on the petroleum industry was carried out in 1985 employing the petroleum business law of 1928 with elasticity and four years have passed since then. In Italy petroleum companies cannot decide the prices of major petroleum products freely. In Spain, the petroleum market is going to be completely liberalized in 1993 in accordance with the engagement with EC. Greece is at strife with EC on the adjustment of policies. 26 figs., 86 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 basic survey report for promotion of joint implementation. Energy saving at petrochemical plant; 1999 nendo sekiyu kagaku kojo no sho energy chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A survey is conducted of energy-saving and greenhouse gas reducing measures in cooperation with the National Petrochemical Public Company Limited (NPC), Thailand. The NPC is the first petrochemical producer in that country and, after 10 years' operation, the largest such producer there. Transfer of energy-saving technologies from Japan will lead to the construction of clean development mechanism (CDM) in the future. The NPC plant surveyed is situated in a Maptaphut industrial complex, and produces ethylene propylene from natural gas and at the same time serves as a utility center to supply electricity and steam to factories and plants in the vicinity. Items examined involve waste heat power generation, power generating gas turbine efficiency improvement, ethylene plant cracking furnace heat retaining capability enhancement, steam pipe heat retaining material renewal, and replacement of obsolete air conditioners with higher-efficiency equipment. After tentative calculation a conclusion is reached that the total of energy-saving effects of the said five items will be 21,900 tons/year in terms of crude oil and that a CO2 reduction will be feasible at a rate of 45,300 tons/year. These figures are larger than the ones predicted before the survey. A total of 354.3 million bahts will have to be invested. Negotiations will continue with attention directed to the progress of NPC's preparedness to accept CDM. (NEDO)

Report on achievement in developing fuel cell power generation technology in fiscal 1998. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system (Test of the research result report); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

This paper summarizes the text of the research result report in the separate volume II-1 from among the fiscal 1998 report on the achievement made on researching and developing a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power generation system. For the AC-DC type system whose high performance and large capacity stacks are being developed, detail designs were made on 250-kW class stack module assembly and installation procedure. At the same time, processing and forming were continued on such main components as electrodes, electrolyte plates and separators. The cells were assembled as modules, sintered, installed and adjusted. Aids were given by the process and control (PAC) test on devices and piping of the fuel cell system block. Cell life extension is also under study. For the parallel flow type stack, two 250-kW stacks were fabricated, and an overall adjustment test was begun thereon in March. For the reformer, an internal reforming system was developed for the 200-kW class system, whose adjustment test is scheduled for April 1999. Capacity increase is also under discussion. For practical use of MCFC, stack life of 40,000 hours is said required. The current status is at the level of exceeding 10,000 hours, but the necessity is seen in suppressing voltage drop associated with lapse of time. (NEDO)

Effect of fuel composition on poly aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter from DI diesel engine; Particulate chu no PAH ni oyobosu nenryo sosei no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, S; Tatani, T; Yoshida, H; Takizawa, H; Miyoshi, K; Ikebe, H [COSMO Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The effect of fuel composition on poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in particulate matter from DI diesel engine was investigated by using deeply desulfurized fuel and model fuel which properties are not interrelated. It was found that the deeply desulfurized fuel have effect on reducing PAH emissions. Furthermore, it was suggested that poly aromatics in the fuel affect PAH emissions and the influence of tri-aromatics in the fuel was promoted by the coexistence of mono-aromatics or naphthene. PAH formation scheme from each fuel component was proposed by chemical thermodynamic data. 4 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

Improvement of lean combustion characteristics of heavy-hydrocarbon fuels with hydrogen addition; Suiso tenka ni yoru kokyu tanka suisokei nenryo no kihaku nensho no kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakai, Y. [Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama (Japan); Ishizuka, S. [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1999-09-25

The Lewis numbers of lean heavy-hydrocarbon fuels are larger than unity, and hence, their flames are prone to extinction in a shear flow, which occurs in a turbulent combustion. Here, propane is used as a representative fuel of heavy-hydrocarbon fuels because the Lewis number of lean propane/air mixtures is larger than unity, and an attempt to improve its combustion characteristics by hydrogen addition has been made. A tubular flame burner is used to evaluate its improvement, since a rotating, stretched vortex flow is established in the burner. The results show that with' hydrogen addition, the fuel concentration, the flame diameter and the flame temperature at extinction are reduced and its combustion characteristics are improved. However, it is found that the effective equivalence ration at extinction cannot become so small as that of lean methane/air mixture, which has a Lewis number less than unity. (author)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cells; Kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu 1997 nendo seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1997 on research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cells. Fuji Electric has demonstrated possibilities of film type cells of predominantly metallic flat plate supporting type of a large-area cell lamination system, and seal-less stack structure. Sanyo Electric has discussed making thinner the composite cell lamination type anode, optimization in sintering temperature, and sealing materials. The Fine Ceramic Center has performed a 1,000-hour test on an La(Sr) MnO{sub 3}-YSZ electrode, in which A-site defect amount was decreased to 0.1-0.02 to stabilize micro-structure air electrodes for an extended period of time. Fujikura has discussed functional materials for high dispersion and slanting in a fuel electrode Ni/YSZ. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has fabricated MgO-based fuel electrodes on a trial basis, and performed internal reformation and power generation tests by using full-size stacks. Murata Manufacturing Company has verified long-term power generation properties and stability of a three-layered co-sintered film of flat plate type. Mitsui Shipbuilding has reached a near final conclusion on the basic structure of gas separator cells. The Central Electric Power Research Institute has completed a conceptual design on a 300-MW class composite power generation system in which SOFC and gas turbines are combined. The Electric Power Development Company has discussed problems in SOFC composite power generation development using coal gasified fuel. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 survey report. Survey of factors causing degradation of phosphoric acid fuel cells; 1994 nendo rinsangata nenryo denchi no cell rekka yoin chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

This survey aims to effectively promote studies for evaluating phosphoric acid fuel cell degradation. Data of time-dependent changes in voltage are collected from 58 plants now in operation (for 17,500 hours at the maximum). Half of them exhibit a degradation rate of 0.25-1%/1000 hours while degradation is abruptly accelerated midway in the other half. Causes for voltage drop are not known clearly. Since but a little systematically collected test data are available concerning the mechanism of cell degradation, it is decided that tests be conducted using small test model cells sharing the same specifications. Primary test conditions (combination of temperature, current, and pressure with test reference levels), performance evaluating methods (conditions of data collection), and methods of investigation by dismantling (items and frequency of investigations) are determined, and guidelines are provided for element tests for complementing the said test items and for studying their relations with the degradation mechanism. Based on acceleration-related factors to be obtained by common specification test cells, corporations involved will develop their own accelerated test methods. Small cells are fabricated for testing parameters, and model cells are specified. (NEDO)

International cooperation project. Evaluation report on development of new oxidation and environment resistant materials for petroleum excavation; Sekiyu kussakuyo taisankasei taikankyosei shinzairyo no kaihatsu hyoka hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In order to enhance the environment and wear resisting performance of the bearing mechanism for petroleum excavation bits assuming use at a depth of 6,000 m, discussions were given on a cubic boron nitride based ultra-hard thin film and a Ti{sub x}M{sub 1-x}N based hard thin film as the new materials. This paper describes the evaluation report for the year 2000. It was found that the promising material is the Ti{sub x}M{sub 1-x}N. The practical applicability test would require a considerable amount of expense and insurance fee, while putting the material into practical use would take some more time. However, the achievements in developing this new material will allow the material to be applied to cutting tools used under the same onerous condition, and theoretical development would be possible on the consideration of the film properties, whereas further development may be expected in the future. An international joint study has performed evaluations on the environmental resistance and the characteristics of the film at the University of Toronto. These evaluations are effective in enhancing further the properties of the thin film in the future. Achievements have been accumulated steadily from starting the fundamental studies, and high level objectives have been achieved. Accurate identification has been made on the state of developing the parts for petroleum excavation bits, with the objectives set properly. Putting the bits into practical use will still require public assistance. (NEDO)

A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Science.gov (United States)

Shenton, ME; Hamoda, HM; Schneiderman, JS; Bouix, S; Pasternak, O; Rathi, Y; M-A, Vu; Purohit, MP; Helmer, K; Koerte, I; Lin, AP; C-F, Westin; Kikinis, R; Kubicki, M; Stern, RA; Zafonte, R

2013-01-01

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also referred to as concussion, remains a controversial diagnosis because the brain often appears quite normal on conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Such conventional tools, however, do not adequately depict brain injury in mTBI because they are not sensitive to detecting diffuse axonal injuries (DAI), also described as traumatic axonal injuries (TAI), the major brain injuries in mTBI. Furthermore, for the 15 to 30% of those diagnosed with mTBI on the basis of cognitive and clinical symptoms, i.e., the “miserable minority,” the cognitive and physical symptoms do not resolve following the first three months post-injury. Instead, they persist, and in some cases lead to long-term disability. The explanation given for these chronic symptoms, i.e., postconcussive syndrome, particularly in cases where there is no discernible radiological evidence for brain injury, has led some to posit a psychogenic origin. Such attributions are made all the easier since both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are frequently co-morbid with mTBI. The challenge is thus to use neuroimaging tools that are sensitive to DAI/TAI, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in order to detect brain injuries in mTBI. Of note here, recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as DTI, make it possible to characterize better extant brain abnormalities in mTBI. These advances may lead to the development of biomarkers of injury, as well as to staging of reorganization and reversal of white matter changes following injury, and to the ability to track and to characterize changes in brain injury over time. Such tools will likely be used in future research to evaluate treatment efficacy, given their enhanced sensitivity to alterations in the brain. In this article we review the incidence of mTBI and the importance of characterizing this patient population using objective radiological measures. Evidence

Fiscal 1997 survey report on the trend of global warming protection measures of substituting freons; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (daitai freon no chikyu ondanka taisaku doko ni kansuru chosa hokokusho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The trend survey was conducted of global warming protection measures by participation in international conferences, scientific society meetings and lecture meetings, and by literature surveys. We participated in the international conference on ozonosphere protection measures. In the 9th meeting of the nations which concluded the Montreal Protocol, the strengthening of restrictions on methyl bromide was decided on. In the UNEP solvent technology selection conference and the OORG conference of the World Bank, reports were made on substituting solvents in Japan, activities supporting developing countries, and the developmental trend of urethane use foaming agent. In the international conference on ozonosphere protection measures, introduced were the present status of Japan`s ODA for developing countries and examples of success of the substitution in the solvent field. The paper included nine reports on CFC destruction technology related literature made public in the past one year. The paper also introduced a comparative study of de-HCFC substituting technology at U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. EPA`s prediction of emission of fluorine 3 gas, the predicted value of HFC emission and trial calculation of contributing rate in all greenhouse gases by IIR, Green Peace and Elf Atochem, and NOAA`s measured data on SF6 in the atmosphere. 49 refs., 46 figs., 26 tabs.

Numerical simulation of fuel sprays and combustion in a premixed lean diesel engine; Kihaku yokongo diesel kikan ni okeru nenryo funmu to nensho no suchi simulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyamoto, T; Harada, A; Sasaki, S; Shimazaki, N; Hashizume, T; Akagawa, H; Tsujimura, K

1997-10-01

Fuel sprays and combustion in a direct injection Premixed lean Diesel Combustion (PREDIC) engine, which can make smokeless combustion with little NOx emission, is studied numerically. Numerical simulation was carried out by means of KIVA II based computer code with a combustion submodel. The combustion submodel describes the formation of combustible fuel vapor by turbulent mixing and four-step chemical reaction which includes low temperature oxidation. Comparison between computation and experiment shows qualitatively good agreement in terms of heat release rate and NO emission. Computational results indicate that the combustion is significantly influenced by fuel spray characteristics and injection timing to vary NO emission. 10 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Study of recent fuel oil cost in air lines (Part 2). Saikin no airline no nenyuhi ni kansuru ichikosatsu (2); Nenryo shohi to hiyo tai koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanabe, Yoshikazu.

1989-03-01

Through an arrangement of published data about American air lines during 1985 through 1987, the overall expense vs. transportation fee (expense vs. effect) was studied as a main viewpoint. As a result, the fuel oil cost, even in case of wide fuselage plane, high in transportation efficiency, was high in ratio, 32 to 52% (3 to 5 times as high as that 12 to 14 years ago), and fluctuated connectedly with the oil price. While the jet fuel price fluctuated connectedly with the oil price per equal volume with 1.3 to 1.4 of price ratio. Further, the flight range ratio was recorded to be approx. 0.06 to 0.24 km/kg. While the transportation efficiency was lower than approx. 5000kg*km/kg with a wide range of overall expense, approx. 9 to 87 cents per compensative transportation ton*km. Because even a sudden decrease in transportation quantity did not decrease the overall expense, it was known to be important in management to secure the transportation quantity. 30 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on development of technologies to reduce pollutants in oil refining; 2000 nendo sekiyu seisei osen busshitsu teigen nado gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development has been made on technologies to reduce sulfur content in light oil and on optimization of light oil quality. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000. In the study of enhancing the desulfurization rate in gas oil deep hydrodesulfurization process, it was found that NiHY zeolite having Ni introduced by using the ion exchange method shows stable activity, whereas the target of sulfur content of 50 ppm or lower was achieved by adding the third constituent and by optimizing the impregnation solution to pH3. In the study of the Ni, Mo/alumina catalyst, the desulfurization activity was enhanced by optimization of carrier pore size to 120 to 140 angstroms and by addition of phosphorus and silica, having the target of sulfur content of 50 ppm or lower achieved. In the research of manufacturing low-sulfur light oil using heavy oil desulfurization and hydrocracking, optimization was performed on the catalyst used in the latter stage of heavy oil desulfurization, and evaluation was given on the performance in combination of commercially available hydrometallation catalyst/middle part HDS catalyst/bottom part HDS catalyst. As a result, achievement of the target of sulfur content in the desulfurized light oil of 300 ppm or lower was verified. Life evaluation test is in continuation on the heavy oil hydrocracking catalyst. (NEDO)

Evaluation report on the design of solid catalysts for saving energy in petrochemical industry; Sekiyu kagaku no tame no sho energy gata kotai shokubai sekkei hyoka hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The aim is to improve on hydrocarbon oxidation which is a difficult reaction (analogous to combustion and having potential for heat generation or explosion, with restrictions therefore imposed on reaction conditions) by use of a catalyst supporting porous membrane. The fiscal 1999-2000 results are stated. In this effort, the target reaction is promoted by a catalyst supported by a porous membrane while combustion is controlled by the said porous membrane that separates oxygen and hydrocarbon from each other. Such a design was not available since a catalyst supporting inorganic membrane withstanding so high a temperature was difficult to prepare. Recently, however, a porous membrane with its pores regulated to microstructural dimensions was developed. The activity of a Pd membrane catalyst is evaluated in view of the degree of oxidation of propylene, cyclohexene, and benzene. It is then found that hydrogen that has passed the Pd membrane participates in the reaction. In a propylene oxidation test using a membrane type Ag/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst, it is found that acetone is generated and that oxygen after passing through the membrane participates in the reaction. Methods are studied for preparing a metal membrane in which the catalyst system comprises a catalyst supporting porous membrane and a Pd membrane. In the fabrication of metal membranes, a highly selective hydrogen permeable membrane is stably prepared by the thermal CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. (NEDO)

Effects of fuel and air mixing on WOT output in direct injection gasoline engine; Chokufun gasoline kikan ni okeru nenryo to kuki no kongo to shutsuryoku seino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noda, T; Iriya, Y; Naito, K; Mitsumoto, H; Iiyama, A [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The effects of in-cylinder charge motion and the characteristics of the fuel spray and piston crown shape on WOT output in a direct injection gasoline engine are investigated. The fuel and air mixing process in a cylinder is analyzed by computer simulation and LIF method visualization. As a result, the technical factors to achieve enough mixing in a DI gasoline engine equipped with bowl in piston optimized for stratified combustion are clarified. 7 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

Survey report for fiscal 1998. Achievement report on research and development of direct methanol fuel cell; 1998 nendo direct methanol nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-12-01

Research and development has been performed on a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) to generate electric power through direct chemical reaction of methanol not being given modification as a fuel cell to be used for automotive engines. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. In the research of the membranes to conduct ions for the DMFC, an ion conduction membrane which introduces POSS group as the methanol eliminating functional group was prepared to achieve enhancement in tensile strength, heat resistance, and ion conductivity. In the power generation characteristics of the DMFC, verification was given on power generation performance with as high main power density as 0.1 W/cm{sup 2} by using the available electrolytic membranes and electrode catalysts. The characteristics showed effectiveness of the DMFC as the electric power supply source. In addition, fundamental findings were obtained on factors affecting the power generation characteristics of the DMFC as a result of generating power under different conditions. Research and development was given also on the water-methanol-ion exchange polymeric membrane, ion exchange membranes provided with lipophilic and water repellent electrolyte, solid polymeric membranes having high proton conductivity and low methanol permeability, and a new micro-porous filling type polymeric membrane. (NEDO)

Soot and NOx simultaneous reduction by use of CO2 mixed fuel; Ekika CO2 yokai nenryo ni yoru diesel kikan no susu, NOx no doji teigen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Senda, J; Yokoyama, T; Ikeda, M; Fujimoto, H [Doshisha University, Kyoto (Japan); Ifuku, Y [Kubota Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1997-10-01

We propose the new fuel injection system by use of diesel fuel dissolved with CO2 to reduce both soot and NOx simultaneously. In this paper spray combustion characteristics of CO2 mixed fuel is reported. It is revealed that flame temperature and KL factor at the CO2 mixed fuel combustion are lower than at the only n-tridecane combustion due to separation or partly flashing of CO2component. And the result of exhaust gas measurement shows the capability that CO2 mixed fuel is able to reduce both soot and NOx simultaneously. 12 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Research report for fiscal 1998. Research into the trends of low-carbon automotive fuel manufacturing technologies; 1998 nendo jidoshayo teitanso nenryo no seizo gijutsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Studies are made of optimum materials and methods for manufacturing low-carbon fuels for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. When their thermal dynamic limits and the technological maturity are considered, it is inferred that no extensive improvement will be achieved by merely improving on the efficiency of the existing fuels. The use of various high-efficiency driving power sources utterly different in mechanism from the conventional ones, such as those for fuel cell-powered automobiles, and the promotion of the use of low-carbon fuels such as methanol and methane for all kinds of driving power sources including those for the said fuel cell-powered automobiles, will become necessary. The use will also be necessary of recyclable materials. The biomass resources, in particular, since they absorb CO2 gas in their growing process by virtue of photosynthesis, may be said to be free of CO2 gas emissions. They have their own problems, however, which involve the economy of energy consumed for their production, harvesting, transportation, and conversion into fuels. It is therefore required that their whole life cycle be studied before their greenhouse gas reduction effect may be correctly assessed. The quantities of resources available for the production of automotive low-carbon fuels, manufacturing technologies, etc., are first of all put in order for easy perusal. An effective way is assessed for the whole including the life cycle. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on development of technology to evaluate reliability of petroleum refining facilities; 2000 nendo sekiyu seisei setsubi shinraisei hyoka nado gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This paper reports the achievements in fiscal 2000 in development of a technology to evaluate reliability of petroleum refining facilities. The development efforts were made mainly on analyses by simulation and neural net (NN) that utilize computers. In the high-temperature system facilities, the creep damage generation is governed by different factors including impurities. The evaluation on joint life requires simultaneous use of low temperature zone long-time test. Verification was made on application of non-destructive inspection, such as use of ultrasonic waves in the accelerated creep zone. Defect detecting capability was identified when an ultrasonic wave flaw detection model is used for buried piping. In the pulse eddy current flaw detection, a coil most superb in totality was selected by means of simulation, by which corrosion and wall thickness of piping and devices were detected from outside the sheathing materials. Development was made on a technology to diagnose and evaluate corrosion of tank in operation by using the AE method. The remaining life of transformers is determined by how seriously the coil insulating paper has been deteriorated, and furfural in the oil was found effective for the parameters. Particularly, application of the NN was revealed to be effective in estimating electric motor deterioration. A high-temperature sulfide corrosion rate estimating model was developed from the operation and measurement data of the facilities by applying the NN and TCBM. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of development of technology for commercializing high-efficiency fuel cell systems. Development of technology for commercializing high-efficiency fuel cell systems (Development of technology for effective utilization of power produced by polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems); 2000 nendo kokoritsu nenryo denchi system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no shutsuryoku yuko riyo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project is aimed at development of technologies for effective utilization of power produced by polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems and waste heat, to spread cogeneration systems incorporating PEFC systems for residential purposes. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. The program for high-efficiency peripherals for residential PFEC systems attempts use of GaN-FET as the semiconductor device of wide band gap and high breakdown voltage to realize conversion efficiency over 90% by improving inverter efficiency. Two types of the prototype heat recovery systems are developed for the PEFC, one incorporating a latent heat cooling system and the other a water cooling system, to improve heat recovery efficiency and increase heat recovery temperature. The program for technology to fit PEFC output to energy demand develops hot water supply systems provided with a hot water storage function for stable supply of hot water irrespective of the heat recovery conditions, and also with a back-up function with burners. The program also develops the PEFC system of fine load following characteristics, for which pure hydrogen is used as the fuel to allow the system to instantaneously follow fluctuating loads. The program for high-efficiency partial load operation technology studies a 1kW-class residential PEFC cogeneration system incorporating a power storage device for high-efficiency operation at partial loads, where the former operates in a high output mode while the latter absorbs fluctuating loads. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual report on the fuel/storage working group. 19th R and D activity report; 1998 nendo nenryo chozo gijutsu bunkakai. Dai 19 kai jigyo hokokukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-09-01

Summarized herein are the FY 1998 R and D activities by the fuel/storage working group, extracted from the 19th R and D activity report by NEDO. Mr. Kadoi, a NEDO's director, outlined the R and D activities for development of techniques for fuel cell power generation, development of decentralized cell power storage systems, demonstration of new load-leveling techniques, development of techniques for superlow-loss type power system components, development of techniques for ceramic gas turbines, pioneer R and D for MGC superhigh-efficiency turbine system techniques, demonstration tests for establishing centralized load controlling systems, development of techniques for network systems utilizing wide-area energy, development of techniques for application of superconductor-aided power systems, R and D for power storage aided by a high-temperature, superconducting flywheel, R and D for basic techniques for applying superconductors, and pioneer R and D for basic techniques for AC superconducting power equipment. The individual NEDO's researchers reported their results, which include outline of the fuel/storage technique development group, and current statuses of fuel cell technique development, new cell-aided power storage technique development, and superconductor technique development. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the R and D of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); 2000 nendo kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-05-01

Development of fuel cell power generation technology and R and D of solid oxide fuel cells were carried out, and reports of the FY 2000 results of companies were summed up. As to the R and D of the cell module, the R and D on the wet type cylinder module were made jointly by Toto Ltd., Kyushu Electric Power Co. and Nippon Steel Corp. As to the R and D of materials/basic technology, the following were conducted: evaluation of reliability of the cell module (evaluation of thermal cycle characteristics, etc.) by Chubu Electric Power Co., evaluation of reliability of the cell module (cell characteristics/stress evaluation) by Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd., cost reduction of cell materials (evaluation of chemical characteristics) by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, and cost reduction of cell materials (evaluation of mechanical/thermal characteristics) by Japan Fine Ceramics Center. Concerning the system study, study of the system (adaptation fields of the small system and the optimization) was conducted by Nippon Steel Corp. (NEDO)

Dynamic programming for reduction of fuel consumption in a photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system; Doteki keikakuho ni yoru taiyoko/furyoku/diesel hatsuden system no nenryo shohiryo no sakugen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, K.; Kenmoku, Y.; Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Nakagawa, S. [Maizuru National College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Kawamoto, T. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan)

1997-11-25

Dynamic programming is employed in the study of the operation of the diesel engine in a photovoltaic/wind-force/diesel-engine power generating system, which aims at reduction in the system fuel consumption and at determining an optimum system constitution. The parameters set in this system are the photovoltaic/wind-force supply rate, photovoltaic/wind-force power generation ratio, and battery capacity. An island in Ise Bay, with an annual load power of approximately 1.59-million kWh and mean daily load power of approximately 4336kWh is assumed as the location for the system. Observation data of Ommaezaki Weather Station are utilized for the calculation of the amount of photovoltaic/wind-force power generation. It is found as the result that the fuel consumption of the diesel engine in this system decreases to 82-84% when the natural energy supply rate is 20%. It is also found that the fuel consumption of the system records the minimum at a photovoltaic/wind-force ratio of 60/40, irrespective of the battery capacity or natural energy supply rate, and this ratio is the optimum ratio. 3 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

NEDO Forum 2001. Session on hydrogen/PEFC (Toward realization of hydrogen/fuel cell society); NEDO Forum 2001. Suiso PEFC session (suiso nenryo denchi shakai no jitsugen ni mukete)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-20

The presentations made at the above-named session of the NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) forum held in Tokyo on September 20, 2001, are collected in this report. Introduced in a lecture entitled 'March toward hydrogen/fuel cell society' were NEDO's PEFC (polymer electrolyte fuel cell) related project of its hydrogen energy technology development office and the WE-NET (World Energy Network) hydrogen program. Reported in a lecture entitled 'Toward the practical application of PEFC' were Yamanashi University Clean Energy Center's achievements in the study of polymer electrolyte film, electrodes and separators for PEFC, removal of carbon monoxide by selective oxidation, and so forth. Discussed in a lecture entitled 'Development of high efficiency energy system technologies for transportation and residential/commercial sectors' were the development of a hydrogen-fueled 1kW stack and the result of efforts to develop element technologies for power generation systems fueled by natural gas, methanol, etc. Explained also were the outline and the progress of the project in relation with the fuel cell popularization infrastructure construction project and the fiscal 2001 research and development and the future outlook in relation with the 2nd-phase technology development for WE-NET. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the survey of the trend of the technology development of fuel cell vehicles; 1999 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi jidosha gijutsu kaihatsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

For the contribution to the introduction/spread of fuel cell vehicles, survey was conducted of the trend of technology development of fuel cell vehicles and the related infrastructure, the situation of the regulation/criteria, etc. As a typical project on the D and R of fuel cell vehicles in the U.S., cited is 'Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)' which was commenced mainly by the US government and three US automobile manufacturers. The US DOE determined the introduction of a gasoline reforming type and has completed some prototype systems. In Europe, cited are 'Munich Airport Hydrogen Project,' Daimler-Chrysler's 'Transport Energy Strategy,' etc. In Japan, the introduction/promotion are being discussed in 'The New Sunshine Project' and 'The Millennium Project' proposed by former prime minister Obuchi. As to fuel cell vehicles, there are still many uncertain elements in performance, safety, economical efficiency, etc. Accordingly, the continued efforts should be made for the technology development for improvement of power performance, safety and economical efficiency and for the environmental arrangement of the infrastructure, introduction supporting system, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the survey of the trend of the technology development of fuel cell vehicles; 1999 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi jidosha gijutsu kaihatsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

For the contribution to the introduction/spread of fuel cell vehicles, survey was conducted of the trend of technology development of fuel cell vehicles and the related infrastructure, the situation of the regulation/criteria, etc. As a typical project on the D and R of fuel cell vehicles in the U.S., cited is 'Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)' which was commenced mainly by the US government and three US automobile manufacturers. The US DOE determined the introduction of a gasoline reforming type and has completed some prototype systems. In Europe, cited are 'Munich Airport Hydrogen Project,' Daimler-Chrysler's 'Transport Energy Strategy,' etc. In Japan, the introduction/promotion are being discussed in 'The New Sunshine Project' and 'The Millennium Project' proposed by former prime minister Obuchi. As to fuel cell vehicles, there are still many uncertain elements in performance, safety, economical efficiency, etc. Accordingly, the continued efforts should be made for the technology development for improvement of power performance, safety and economical efficiency and for the environmental arrangement of the infrastructure, introduction supporting system, etc. (NEDO)

Collection of summaries of polymer electrolyte fuel cell research and development reports presented at fiscal 2000 meeting; 2000 nendo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokukai yoshishu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-08

Contained in this book are the summaries of 26 essays presented at an achievement reporting conference on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) research and development held in Tokyo on March 8, 2000. In the development of high-efficiency energy systems for transportation and residential/commercial sectors, 6 essays are summarized, involving ion exchange membranes, normal pressure operation type several kW class power source systems for home use, and so forth. For the practical application of high-efficiency fuel cell systems, 12 essays are summarized, involving technologies of PEFC low cost electrodes, PEFC module manufacturing, hydrogen separation type reforming, PEFC system manufacturing, and so forth. In relation to the establishment of technologies for a fuel cell popularization infrastructure and development of key technologies for high-efficiency fuel cells, 2 essays are summarized, involving the construction of a popularization infrastructure and development of evaluation test equipment, and the like, for automotive fuel cells. In relation to the development of key technologies and verification thereof for the practical application of fuel cells, 6 essays are summarized, covering the research and development of hydrogen producing liquid fuels and hydrogen absorbing alloys. (NEDO)

FY 2000 Report on the results of survey on recent situations of global warming mitigation measures related to alternative fluorochlorohydrocarbons; 2000 nendo daitai furon no chikyu ondanka taisaku doko ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The recent situations of global warming mitigation measures related to flurine-containing greenhouse gases of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} are surveyed. In the meeting of the Parties of Montreal Protocol of 2000, no decision has been made on HCFC phaseout schedule amendment in the developed and developing countries, which is one of the major items. COP-6 has failed to reach agreement on handling CO2 absorption sources. For the international trends in estimation of the emissions of HFC and others, the IPCC's emission estimation methodology guidance for HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} (translated into Japanese) and the methodologies taken by other countries are introduced. The trends of the emission control measures for HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} include CO2 refrigerant application for mobile air-conditioners, announcement by Coca-Cola of HFC phaseout by 2004, announcement by the Canadian refrigerant air-conditioner industry of introduction of the surcharge system for promoting refrigerant recovery, and SF{sub 6} emission reduction technologies in Mg fabricating industries. Also introduced are cost evaluation of emission reduction technologies, latest scientific knowledge in the global environments, and harmonization of global warming mitigation and ozone layer protection in the developing countries, among others. (NEDO)

Treatment of bilge and oily drain water of tankers and current measures against combustible oil gas discharge; Tanker no biruji yudakusui shori oyobi kanensei sekiyu gas haishutsu taiskau no genjo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agatsuma, Y.

1996-07-25

This paper describes the current actual conditions on treatment of bilge discharged from engine area and oily drain water from cargo area of tankers. Clean bilge among various bilges discharged from engine area such as vapor drain, fresh water, rainwater, seawater and condensed water is directly dumped into the sea after temporary storage in a clean tank. Oily bilge is produced mainly by mixing of clean bilge and leakage oil from main engines and various auxiliaries. Oily bilge is dumped into the sea under comparative monitoring of the bilge quality with the dumping standard by oil concentration monitoring and control equipment after the primary treatment in a treatment tank and the secondary treatment in a bilge separator. Oily drain water from cargo area contains water ballast for cargo oil tanks, wash water for tanks and lines, and bilge produced in pump room. The oily drain water is dumped under a specific condition. However, water ballast for specific ballast tanks is excluded from the oily drain water. 2 figs.

FY 1999 report on the results of the technology development for abatement of pollutants related to oil refining; 1999 nendo sekiyu seisei osen busshitsu teigen nado gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The technologies are developed for efficiently, economically improving quality of automobile fuels by, e.g., abatement of environmental pollutants present in the oil products. For improvement of hydrodesulfurization rate of gas oil deep hydrodesulfurization process, the catalyst components high in isomerization ability of the hard-to-desulfurize compounds are investigated, and effectiveness of zeolite is confirmed. For production of low-sulfur gas oil by hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking of heavy oil, the catalyst with small pores is preferable for desulfurization of gas oil as the co-product of the treatment of heavy oil in the presence of catalyst for heavy oil desulfurization. For hydrocracking, the catalysts are prepared, on a trial basis, for achieving the target gas oil sulfur content of 10ppm or less by optimizing the zeolite and matrix properties. For suitability of gas oil qualities, it is found that the hydrogenation step is the rate-determining step among the reaction routes involved in the hydrogenation of difficult-to-desulfurize compounds. The data of low-sulfur gas oil qualities in Europe are collected. (NEDO)

Secretive production of long-chain fatty acids, triacylglycerols and n-alkane-2-ones by fermentation processes; Hakkoho ni yoru ekitai nenryo no seisan wa kanoka (shishitsu no bunpi seisan)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukui, S. [University of Fukuyama, Hiroshima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-10-20

Secretive production of lipids, which are useful source for engine-driving fuel, by microbial process using carbohydrate biomasses as substrate has been investigated in our laboratory. This review consists of four parts concerning breedings and selection of lipid-secretive microorganisms : (1) breedings of long-chain fatty acid-secretive strains from Candida lipolytica L-1 by a step-wise mutagenesis process, (2) selection of a triacylglycerol (TG)-secretive and accumulative yeast strain Trichosporon sp. SH45Y, (3) breedings of mutants, SH45Y-derivatieves, having potent ability to produce TG secretively from glucose, a typical biomass charbohydrate, and (4) selection of microorganisms which produce liquid-n-alkane in culture medium by utilizing long-chain fatty acids and TG; a strain of Penicillium decumbens can produce liquid alkalis with a yield of approximately 60 % in weight from palm kernel oil, a commercial TG. 10 refs., 7 figs., 7 tabs.

FY 1994 report on the results of the R and D of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); 1994 nendo SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-05-01

Development of fuel cell power generation technology and R and D of solid oxide fuel cells were carried out, and reports of the FY 1994 results of companies were summed up. As to the R and D of the cell module, R and D were conducted of 'large area cell' by Fuji Electric Corporate R and D, Ltd. and 'combined cell module' by Sanyo Electric Co. As to the R and D of materials/basic technology, the following were conducted: 'R and D of the electrode micro structure' by Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 'R and D of the electrode structure by thermal spraying method by Fujikura Ltd., 'R and D of the multi-functional fuel electrode' by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., 'R and D of the cofiring technology' by Murata Mfg. Co., and 'R and D of the current collecting technology' by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Concerning the R and D of the system, 'the system study' by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry' and 'development of element technology for periphery devices' by The Japan Research and Development Center for Metals. (NEDO)

FY 1994 report on the results of the R and D of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); 1994 nendo SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-05-01

Development of fuel cell power generation technology and R and D of solid oxide fuel cells were carried out, and reports of the FY 1994 results of companies were summed up. As to the R and D of the cell module, R and D were conducted of 'large area cell' by Fuji Electric Corporate R and D, Ltd. and 'combined cell module' by Sanyo Electric Co. As to the R and D of materials/basic technology, the following were conducted: 'R and D of the electrode micro structure' by Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 'R and D of the electrode structure by thermal spraying method by Fujikura Ltd., 'R and D of the multi-functional fuel electrode' by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., 'R and D of the cofiring technology' by Murata Mfg. Co., and 'R and D of the current collecting technology' by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Concerning the R and D of the system, 'the system study' by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry' and 'development of element technology for periphery devices' by The Japan Research and Development Center for Metals. (NEDO)

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999 for trends in policies on prevention of global warming by use of substitute fluorocarbons; 1999 nendo daitai furon no chikyu ondanka taisaku doko ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper summarizes mainly on HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} the trends in the last one year in technologies and regulations that can make compatible the ozone layer protection and the global warming prevention. Activities of the HFC/PHC task force established jointly by TEAP and IPCC are very important in deciding the future positions of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}. This paper reports the status of activities taken during fiscal 1999. IPCC reviewed the method of calculating the quantity of greenhouse effect gas emission. The paper introduces from its draft the gist of calculating the discharge quantity of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}. Introduction is given from the HFC/PFC task force report the actual status of using coolants, foaming agents and aerosols using HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}, and the trends of developing substitution technologies. The paper introduces a fluorocarbon destruction technology as an international trend in discharge suppression measures. The paper reports movements of COP-5 in fiscal 1999 for gases other than the three gases including HFC. Chlorobromo-methane was indicated as a new substance, and n-propyl-bromide was decided to continue with measurement of ozone destruction coefficient. (NEDO)

Report on results of development of fuel cell power generation technology 1998. Research and development on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (technological development of element, research on ion exchange membrane for practicability of high performance cell); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, yoso kenkyu kaihatsu (koseino denchi jitsuyoka no tame no ion kokan maku ni kansuru kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This paper explains the results during fiscal 1998 of ion exchange membranes in the development of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Studies were made on three kinds of standard and two kinds of experimental membranes selected among the Flemion membranes, which are perfluorosulfonic acid membranes made by Asahi Glass Co.,Ltd., and also on the Nafion membranes by Dupon as reference. As the resistance evaluation of the environmental cycle for the membranes, a temperature cycle test was carried out, with the characteristics measured such as moisture content, membrane resistance, mechanical properties, and gas permeability, so that the effects were examined of the temperature cycle on the membranes. Evaluation was also commenced on the water permeability, an important substance-moving characteristic of ion exchange membranes. In the evaluation of the characteristics of membrane-electrode assemblies, the environmental cycle test was performed by joining electrodes to membranes, with the evaluation similarly made as for the membranes alone. On the basis of a correlation between the water permeability and the cell performance, studies were made on the effect of thickness of the membranes on the cell performances. A continuous stability/durability operation of 3,500 hours was verified using Flemion R. As for membrane reinforcement, studies were continued on the cloth and fibril reinforcements as in the previous year.(NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on international research cooperation project. Research and development of transfer standard for oil flowmeter; 1999 nendo sekiyu ryuryokei no iten hyojunki no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research was conducted for the development of a highly reliable flowmeter which enables the efficient calibration of flowmeters at oil plant working sites and the international comparison of oil flow standards, and is also usable as the standard of oil flow at private businesses. In this connection, international research cooperation was carried out with Physical Engineering Research Institute, Germany. In the study of rotors, tooth profiles were contrived and various analyses were conducted for each screw type. In the study of flow inside flowmeters and of structures, screw-type volumetric flowmeters of K Co. were subjected to various tests for structural analysis, and visible models were fabricated for the clarification of flow characteristics. In the study of servo systems and instrumentation, several types of pressure difference detecting mechanisms were newly contrived, and servo control systems were investigated. In the study of trial manufacture and evaluation, the UF-VI080{alpha} cast iron (FC250) rotor flowmeter and the UF-VI080{alpha} aluminum (A7075BE) rotor flowmeter were examined. Both failed to achieve the target precision of {+-}0.2% in the case of gasoline but, in the case of kerosene and heavy oil, the target levels were sufficiently met. (NEDO)

Survey for making a data book related to the development of new energy technology. Fuel cell; 1999 nendo shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

To proceed with the systematical arrangement of the new energy related data, this survey collected the data relating to fuel cells, and systematized them with the aim of making a data book related to fuel cells. Further, fuel cells are still developing, and therefore, the trend of development in this one year was roughly seen to make it the data toward the future development. This data book is composed of Part 1 (the world development trend in FY 1999) and Part 2 (data book). Part 1 was divided into the fixed power system (Chapter 1), fuel cell vehicle (Chapter 2), and selection of fuel (Chapter 3). The book has a big feature that the selection of fuel was added as an individual chapter, which is a difference from that of FY 1998. In the description of the developmental trend of fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in Chapter 2, the results of the present development and the trend were described in line with the subjects in achieving the commercialization of FCV. Part 2 is a data book which indicates the state of technology development of each of various fuel cells such as actual results of the demonstrative operation of fuel cells in Japan and abroad. (NEDO)

Study on initial stage of diesel spray formation. Effects of the condition inside the nozzle sac; Diesel funmu no shoki keisei katei ni kansuru kenkyu. Sac nai nenryo no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, N.; Tsujimura, K. [Nissan Diesel Motor Co. Ltd., Saitama (Japan); Komori, M.

1996-06-25

To realize clean diesel exhaust, it is very important to clarify the atomization phenomena of the fuel spray. In this study, the initial stage of the atomization process of a diesel injection fuel spray was analyzed with a high-speed image converter camera under the conditions of atmospheric gas pressure and room temperature. As a result, it was found that the initial spray formation was greatly affected lay the condition inside the nozzle sac. In the case in which fuel existed in the sac, pin-like structure spray formation was observed at the initial injection stage. This phenomenon was not observed in the case in which no fuel was present in the sac, and a widely spread fuel spray formation was observed at the initial injection stage. The relatively low-speed fuel spray injected in the initial low-sac-pressure condition was pushed away by the subsequent fuel spray injected in the high-sac-pressure condition. 7 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Stability of diffusion flame formed in a laminar flat plate boundary layer. Effect of fuel dilution; Soryu heiban kyokai sonai ni keiseisareru kakusan kaen no anteisei. Nenryo kishaku no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeuchi, M [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan); Ueda, T; Mizumoto, M [Keio University, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Science and Technology; Amari, T [Keio University, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-10-25

A stability limit of the diffusion flame with fuel injection from a porous wall in a laminar flat plate boundary layer is measured as functions of fuel (CH4) concentration of CH4/N2 injectant mixture ({chi}) and its injection velocity (v). The free stream velocity (U{infinity}) is set as 0.6 m/s. The thermal condition at the wall is controlled by setting temperature at the upstream end of the porous wall as a reference temperature. When v >20 mm/s, the flame becomes unstable with the separation of leading flame edge with decreasing {chi}. The value of {chi} at the stability limit is constant without regard to v as long as the wall temperature is kept constant. As the wall temperature is decreased the value of {chi} increases. The separation is supposed to take place as a result of the limit of the reaction rate. When v <20 mm/s, the flame becomes unstable with the oscillation. The value of {chi} at the stability limit increases drastically with decreasing v. The oscillation takes place mainly due to the repeat of the extinction due to heat loss to the wall and the flame propagation in the combustible layer. 10 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

FY 2000 report on the basic survey to promote Joint Implementation, etc. Feasibility study of the effective utilization of by-product high-sulfur concentration petroleum coke at Fujian Petrochemical Co. Ltd., Fujian Province, China; 2000 nendo kyodo jisshi nado suishin kiso chosa hokokusho. Chugoku sekiyu kako shudan koji fukusei ren'yu kako yugen koji Fujian koio nodo sekiyu cokes no yuko riyo ni kansuru F/S chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of conserving energy and reducing greenhouse effect gas emission, an investigational study was conducted for the project on the effective utilization of high-sulfur petroleum coke at Fujian Petrochemical Co., Fujian Province, China. In the project, IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) power generation facilities are introduced to the refinery of Fujian Petrochemical Co. By gasifying the residues produced from the refinery as raw material, the gas clean the same as natural gas is produced and is used as power generation use fuel. As a result of the study, the energy conservation amount was 94,300 toe/y, and was 1,414,500 toe in cumulative amount during 15 years. Further, the amount of greenhouse effect gas reduction was 291,600 t-CO2/y, and was 4,374,000 t-CO2 in cumulative amount during 15 years. The construction cost of the project is approximately 29.7 billion yen. The annual profit to be obtained from the project is approximately 8.66 billion yen, which is indicated by difference between before and after the implementation of the project. The calculated years required for return of investment were 3.4. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D on the assessment of reliability of oil refining facilities; 1999 nendo sekiyu seisei setsubi shinraisei hyoka nado gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

At present, in oil refineries in Japan, the term of the continued operation in oil refining facilities is shorter than that in Europe and America because of the regulation on the open inspection period for boilers and hazardous material storage tanks. As a result, the refining cost is comparatively higher than in Europe and America due to the increase in inspection/repair cost and decrease in operational rate. Therefore, it is becoming important to effectively supply petroleum products by keeping stability in oil refining facilities of the whole Japan and prolonging the term of the continued operation of oil refining facilities, etc. In this R and D, the technical development is conducted which is needed for the long-term continued operation of oil refining facilities. The items for the R and D are as follows: assessment technology of reliability of oil refining high temperature system facilities, assessment technology of reliability of piping/storage facilities in oil refinery, assessment technology of reliability of oil refining power system facilities, technology of management support system in oil refining facilities. In this fiscal year, technical survey, data collection, and construction of the basic concept of developmental technology were mostly conducted. Also conducted were trial manufacture of various probes for non-fracture inspection use, oscillators, etc., and basic design of inspection equipment and trial manufacture of a part of them. And the data acquired were analyzed. (NEDO)

Time domain electromagnetic method for petroleum exploration. Part 3. Case study in Yoneyama area; Sekiyu tansa ni okeru TDEM ho data shutoku to kaiseki ni tsuite. 3. Niigataken Yoneyama chiiki deno tekiyorei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, H; Mitsuhata, Y [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Shiga, N [Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

The result is reported of a TDEM method-based survey for oil exploration conducted in the Yoneyama district, Niigata Prefecture. The survey covered the southern part of the sedimentary basin in the prefecture, known for the poor quality of the seismic prospecting data that had been recorded. The purpose of the TDEM method-assisted survey was to probe the high-resistivity volcanic rock structure and low-resistivity sedimentary layer, and to know their details. The obtained data were subjected to interpretation by use of the 1D inversion method. A 4000m-deep level was subjected to interpretation, 34 data were inputted, and the early model consisted of 20 layers. As the result, it was found that there was a high-resistivity layer ranging from the ground surface down to a depth of approximately 500m, that a low-resistivity layer 2500-3000m in thickness lay thereunder, and that the lowest layer had a high resistivity of approximately 100 Ohm m. By comparing these data with the geological structure, structures were disclosed corresponding to the rock bed depth, Ukawa syncline, Ishiguro anticline, and Yoneyama mountain mass. 3 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Simulation of PV/FC power hybrid system. Change of system capacity with load form factor; Taiyoko hatsuden nenryo denchi hybrid system no simulation. Fuka keijoritsu ni yoru system yoryo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekiguchi, N.; Tani, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Study is conducted of a photovoltaic/fuel-cell hybrid system whose power storage is a hydrogen storage that uses a hydrogen absorbing alloy. In a simulation in this research, the solar cell conversion efficiency is changed from 15.0% to 21.0% and the fuel cell power conversion efficiency from 40.0% to 50.0%, and the resultant changes in the capacity and operation rate are investigated for each of the devices in the system. The findings follow. A 1.0% change in the solar cell conversion efficiency results in a 4.8kW change in the solar cell capacity and a 1.6-ton change in the hydrogen storage capacity. With a 1.0% change in the fuel cell power conversion efficiency, there is a 14.7kW change in the solar cell capacity and a 5.3-ton change in the hydrogen storage capacity. The fuel cell capacity is not dependent on the solar cell conversion efficiency or fuel cell power conversion efficiency but on the maximum load in each of the load form factors. The rate of occurrence of an operation rate of less than 30% is 54.7% both in DC/DC converter and hydrogen generator, 24.6% in fuel cells, and 16.7% in the DC/DC inverter. 7 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

New concept for low emission diesel combustion. 2nd Report. Combustion improvement by applying EGR and oxygenated fuel; Teikogai diesel engine no nensho concept. EGR, gansanso nenryo ni yoru nensho kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokota, H.; Nakajima, H.; Kakegawa, T. [Hino Motors, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-05-01

Described herein are performance of a new concept of premixed, multiple injection combustion, in which part of the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at the early stage and the remainder is injected in the ordinary manner, and characteristics of the exhaust gases. Also described are the effects of EGR and oxygenated fuel on reduced HC emissions and fuel consumption. The ordinary premixed, multiple injection combustion system has problems related to fuel efficiency, and HC and particulate missions. When combined with an EGR system, this system reduces HC emissions to one-third. MTBE shows an effect of improving fuel efficiency, when mixed with diesel fuel. No particulate matter is exhausted and fuel efficiency is improved by 6%, when MTBE is present in the fuel at 30% by weight. The pre-mixture is less homogeneous in the absence of EGR and oxygenated fuel, producing a luminous flame observed in the fuel-rich region. No such a flame is observed, when MTBE is added to the fuel and suction air temperature is increased to the level corresponding to that associated with EGR, conceivably resulting from increased suction air temperature and lower boiling point of MTBE, which together make the pre-mixture leaner and more homogeneous. 7 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 research report. Survey on data collection for development of new energy technology (fuel cell); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (nenryo denchi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This report is composed of Part 1: the development trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, and Part 2: the collected data and appendices. Part 1 includes 4 chapters, (1) The outline of the development trend, (2) Stationary fuel cell, (3) The development trend of fuel cell vehicles, and (4) The development trend of small transportable fuel cells. The report newly includes the development trend of small-capacity fuel cells and the report on 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar notable as an international conference on fuel cell summarizing the trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, as compared with the fiscal 1997 report. Part 2 is the collected data on domestic and foreign demonstration operation results of fuel cells, and technical development of every fuel cell. In addition to various collected data on the whole of fuel cells and their use techniques, Part 2 includes the principle, features, system configuration, performance simulation technique, application and market analysis of fuel cells, and the national policy and concerned laws on a subsidy system for introduction of fuel cells, for example. (NEDO)

Attempt of lean burn of a 4 cycle gasoline engine by the aid of low pressure air assisted in-cylinder injection; Tonai kuki nenryo funsha ni yoru lean burn no kokoromi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hatakeyama, S; Kondo, M; Sekiya, Y; Murayama, T [Hokkaido Automotive Engineering College, Hokkaido (Japan)

1997-10-01

Comparable performance and exhaust emission with conventional carburetor was obtained by a low Pressure air assisted in-cylinder injection system. And lean burn of idling and light load operation till A/F=70 was realized by installing a spark Plug and a reed type injection nozzle in a divided combustion chambaer of a 4 cycle gasoline engine. 2 refs., 10 figs.

Fiscal 1999 report on basic research for promotion of joint implementation programs. Energy saving project for Jingling Petrochemical Corp. Nanjing Refinery; 1999 nendo Jingling sekiyu kako koji Nanjing seiyusho shoene project chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A survey is conducted for the above named plant under an energy saving project expected to link to the clean development mechanism (CDM) of COP3 (Third Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Studies are conducted about the refurbishment of the existing power recovering facilities in the wake of a plan for enhancing FCC (fluid catalytic cracker) processing capability and about power recovery from unused exhaust gas from the RFCC (residual fluid catalytic cracker) second catalyst regeneration tower. A modification plan was drafted and rough designs were prepared therefor, and it was found that power recovery from RFCC would be technologically and economically unfeasible because of the high temperature and extremely small quantity of the recoverable gas. It was then concluded that the plan be abandoned. Thanks to the refurbishment of the existing power recovering facilities to go out of service under the new operating conditions after FCC facility modification and to the installation of a new exhaust gas processor for air pollution prevention, there will be 10.6MW to be recovered for a reduction in fuel for in-house power generation. The consequential reduction in energy consumption will result in a CO2 reduction of 70,000 tons/year. Though China has not yet ratified the COP3 protocol, it is hoped that it will consider emission tradings and participate in the project when designated as a CDM country. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the basic survey of the promotion of Joint Implementation, etc. Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co./cogeneration; 1999 nendo Beijing Yanshan sekiyu kako yugen koji netsu heikyu fukugo hatsuden chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For a combination with COP3 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the paper reported the FY 1999 survey of the cogeneration project of Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co. The existing two heavy oil fueled boilers (steam output: 240t/h) are dismantled, and two gas turbines and two waste heat boilers (steam output: 241t/h, electricity output: 136.9MW) are installed. The energy conservation effect is approximately 0.91 million tons/year of crude oil. The effect of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is CO2 2.83 million tons/year. A plan on system interconnection, distribution, electricity, instrumentation control was drawn up. The construction term is planned to be about two and a half years. The initial investment amount is 700 million yuan {+-} 100 million yuan. The expense vs. energy conservation effect was calculated as 98t (crude oil conversion)/year/million yen, and the expense vs. greenhouse gas emission reduction effect 302t-CO2/year/million yen. Concerning the profitability, the generating cost was 0.4 yuan/kWh which dropped from the selling power cost of the Yanshan area, 0.45 yuan/kWh. As candidates of the natural gas fueled cogeneration, there are possibilities of 10 sites and 550MW scale only in the Beijing area. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the research and development of transfer standard gage for oil flowmeter (final assessment); 2000 nendo sekiyu ryuryokei no iten hyojunki no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (saishu hyoka hokokusho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In a servo PD (positive displacement) flowmeter for oil, a differential pressure transmitter detects difference in pressure between the PD flowmeter input and output ports and a rotor is driven by a servo motor so that the pressure difference between before and after the PD flowmeter rotor will be zero. The design enables high-accuracy measurement across a wide range of flow rates and is not easily affected by the surrounding physical conditions such as viscosity and density. For the development of such a flowmeter, it is necessary to develop a rotor that rotates smoothly free of locking in a steady and uniform flow, to build a visualized model that enables the analysis of flow inside the flowmeter which in turn will enable the determination of optimum differential pressure detecting ports, and to connect a newly developed servo mechanism to the thus determined ports. As the result of the research, a servo PD flowmeter is developed, which is a 50mm diameter prototype employing the Invoflex tooth form which is the waveform for a rotor suitable for a high performance flowmeter. Placed in a generally used oil flow calibration liquid, which is gasoline, kerosene, or the like, it covers a flow rate range of 1:10 and reads with an accuracy of {+-}0.1%. It remains stable in performance and suffers but a little change with the passage of time. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on research and development of combustion technology utilizing microgravity conditions for fuel diversification; 2000 nendo bisho juryoku kankyo wo riyoshita nenryo tayoka nensho gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project is aimed at development of optimum combustion technology with diversified fuels, e.g., naphtha and LCO, for gas turbines and others as power sources for topographical energy supply. The combustion under the microgravity is also investigated using the underground facilities at Japan Microgravity Center. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. For construction of combustion model and simulation, the combustion reactions for various liquid fuels are simplified to calculate ignition delay, adiabatic flame temperature and laminar burning velocity with an error less than about 3%. The microgravity combustion experiments are conducted for spray dispersed into a cylinder, to find flame propagation velocities changing with the vaporization characteristics of liquid fuels, and also to construct the combustion models. The premixed turbulent combustion simulation program is developed using a probability density function and analyzed. Development of new combustion technologies includes the study themes of flame propagation and combustion of the air mixture of the multi-component fuel in which the spray exists, combustion characteristics of the droplets of diversified fuels, and combustion of gas turbines with diversified fuels. A propane/air mixture shows different flame propagation characteristics whether it contains kerosene or LCO droplets. The effects of electrical field intensity in the combustion zone on combustion of fuel droplets are elucidated. (NEDO)

Research on the general analytical method of fossil fuel cycle from a viewpoint of the global environment. 3; Chikyu kankyo kara mita sogoteki kaseki nenryo cycle bunseki hyoka shuho no chosa. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The general analysis/assessment method of a fossil fuel cycle was studied. Seven kinds of power generation plants such as LNG cycle and coal cycle ones, and four kinds of transport and treatment systems of recovered CO2 such as ocean and underground systems were studied as case studies on life cycle analysis. As data necessary for life cycle analysis, the database was constructed which stores the facilities and operational energy required for a total energy system from mining of fossil fuel to treatment of recovered CO2, and the quantity of environmental waste such as CO2 emission. As a result, the decrease rate of energy balance defined as ratio of input energy to power plant output was estimated to be 14-43% and 20-60% in LNG cycle and coal cycle, respectively. Even if the recovery rate of CO2 in power plants reached 80-90%, reduction of total CO2 emission was limited to only 20-40% because of CO2 emission during mining, liquefaction and transport of fuel. 168 refs., 48 figs., 102 tabs.

Fiscal 1996 achievement report. Development of liquid fuel conversion technology (Development for practical application of a new production process); 1996 nendo ekitai nenryo tenkan gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shinseizo process jitsuyoka kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The research and development aims to establish, through verification tests, practical application technologies for two methods, namely, a 'low-temperature liquid phase method' by which cost will be reduced thanks to simplified plant facilities and a 'vapor phase fluidized bed method' in which a composite reforming process may be combined for better economics of scale with a vapor phase fluidized methanol synthesizing method whose facilities may be built to be very large. For the former method, development efforts are made to enable catalyst performance characterization and low-temperature liquid phase methanol production using a small pyrolysis reactor. In the research on pyrolysis reaction, a Raney copper/KOMe/MeOH-based catalyst is used, and this attains a raw material gas conversion efficiency of 92.7%. In the construction of a low temperature liquid phase process, it is found that a single spun conversion efficiency of not less than 90% may be achieved using a heterogeneous catalyst. For the latter method, studies are conducted for the development of, and for the establishment of technologies for designing, synthetic gas production technologies in the development of a heat exchanger type composite reforming furnace and a fluidized bed methanol production process, the development of a catalyst manufacturing technology for fluidized bed practical application, the development of a fluidized bed methanol production technology, and the optimization of the process and its economic efficiency. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 research report on the energy consumption survey for popularizing stationary fuel cell systems; 2000 nendo teichiyo nenryo denchi no fukyu wo mokutekito shita energy no shohi ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

A survey was conducted about the current state of domestic energy consumption for studying the feasibility of a stationary energy system using the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. A study relative to domestic energy consumption dealt with transition in the energy consumption rate, dependence on locality, and the effect of the makeup of residences. The monthly and hourly patterns of demand for heat for hot-water supply were referred to power consumption data broken down by time zone, and it was found that approximately 1kW output would be suitable for this purpose. A study was made about the pattern of operation that such a fuel cell system should follow, and it was learned that a pattern in which 'the system operates according to the imposed load starting at seven o'clock in the morning when the electricity rate switches to the higher and the output does not exceed what is necessary to meet the daily demand for heat.' This method was found to assure the most efficient way of operation covering more than 80% of the need for hot water and electricity. In a study of consumption of energy for business, feasibility was suggested to exist in the installation of systems of 30kW or less at small hotels, barber shops and beauty parlors, restaurants, schools equipped with minor-scale food service, small hospitals, clinics, and the like. (NEDO)

Report on the survey of the commercialization of wood biomass energy. Project on the production of wood pellet fuel; 2001 nendo mokushitsu baiomasu energy jigyoka chosa hokokusho. Mokushitsu peretto nenryo seizo jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-02-01

For the purpose of regenerating forestry and contributing to the policy for prevention of global warming, a potential study was made of the commercialization of the wood pellet using low-quality wood materials such as thinnings and wood pieces from lumber mill. In the study, based on the survey of raw materials of wood pellet and the demand amount, the scale of pellet production was assumed, and subjects were arranged toward the basic design of plant, evaluation of economical efficiency and commercialization. As a result of the study, the following subjects were extracted. In the study, the supply of lumbers of 2,800 t/y and securing of demand of about 1,600 t/y were set forth as a premise, but the subject was to secure the initial demand. The pellet combustor was higher in price than the kerosene combustor, and for the imported combustion equipment, the combustion of white pellet was supposed. It is necessary to develop combustor of pellets including the bark. In the trial calculation of the unit price of heat utilization (yen/Mcal), the pellet stove was about 3.3 times as high in price as the kerosene stove. It is necessary to reduce the pellet price down to 30 yen/kg or so by decreasing the cost of pellet production. (NEDO)

Achievement report for 1st phase (fiscal 1974-80) Sunshine Program research and development - Hydrogen energy. Research on hydrogen-fueled engine; 1974-1980 nendo suiso energy seika hokokusho. Suiso nenryo gendoki no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

The research aims to acquire data necessary for designing an engine, which is fueled by hydrogen stored in metal hydrides, for an automobile power plant. It covers the characteristics of hydrogen and their theoretical examination, basic studies on the turbulent mixing and combustion of hydrogen, research using a single-cylinder engine, changes brought into engine performance upon addition of hydrogen, etc. When hydrogen is burned in a spark ignition engine, flashback to the induction system is prone to occur. But this is prevented by directly injecting nothing but hydrogen into the cylinder. In the case of hydrogen fuel, there is the problem of thermal NO generation. Since a hydrogen/air flame is higher in temperature than flames in the case of other fuels, it generates more NO. As techniques for lowering the flame temperature, there are lean fuel combustion, water vapor injection, delayed ignition timing, etc. For the improvement of power and performance, increasing the engine revolution and pressurizing the inlet air are the methods, but both have their own shortcomings. An engine equipped with a third valve is experimentally constructed in this research, which is theoretically free of flashback, suppresses a reduction in the inlet air volume, and necessitates no high-pressure injection system. (NEDO)

Technologies for simulation improvement of NOx and PM emissions and fuel consumption of future diesel engines for heavy-duty trucks; Shorai no ogatasha diesel engine ni okeru NOx, PM, nenryo shohi no kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimoda, M.; Shimokawa, K.; Uchida, N.; Tsuji, Y.; Yokotaa, H.; Hosoya, M. [Hino Motors, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-01-01

Future diesel engines for heavy-duty trucks are required to have significantly low NO{sub x} and PM emissions and fuel consumption characteristics. In order to improve these characteristics, various technologies including high pressure fuel injection systems, combustion optimization. high boost pressure turbocharging, EGR homogeneous charge compression ignition combined with multiple injections, and aftertreatment are discussed. As each technology has a number of challenges to overcome, it will take long before engines with these technologies are commercially available. In this paper, the research activities accomplished to date are reported. (author)

Environmental science, petroleum engineer`s view. CO2 gas reduction technologies for global warming prevention; Sekiyu gijutsusha no shiten kara no kankyo kagaku. Chikyu ondanka eno taio no tame no CO{sub 2} yokusei gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nomura, K [Tokyo (Japan)

1998-08-01

This paper discusses the techniques concerning diesel engines for cogeneration systems, techniques concerning fuel consumption-saving type lubricating oils and techniques concerning oil refineries, out of the CO2 emission control (energy saving) techniques for coping with the global warming which the petroleum engineers are now tackling. The paper introduces CO2 emission control techniques using a petroleum cogeneration system and studies on NOx removing techniques using catalysts as the techniques concerning diesel engines; techniques for reducing friction loss, which occurs in an engine and a transmission, by improving the recipes of lubricating oils and the development of novel friction modifiers as the fuel consumption-saving type lubricating oil techniques; and the CO2 separating techniques using a system for recovering the low-temperature waste heat produced in petroleum refinement with a high efficiency, or using a solid film such as a molecular sieve as the energy-saving techniques used in oil refineries. 18 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Three-dimensional analysis of internal flow characteristics in the injection nozzle tip of direct-injection diesel engines; Sanjigen suchi kaiseki ni yoru DI diesel kikan no nenryo funsha nozzle nai ryudo tokusei no kaimei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogawa, H; Matsui, Y; Kimura, S [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

To reduce the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, it is essential to optimize the fuel injection equipment closely related to combustion and emission characteristics. In this study, three-dimensional computation has been applied to investigate the effects of the injection nozzle specifications (e.g., sac volume, round shape at the inlet of the nozzle hole) and needle tip deviation on internal flow characteristics. The computational results revealed that the effects of the nozzle specifications and needle tip deviation with a smaller needle lift on internal flow characteristics and a general approach to optimize the injection nozzle specifications were obtained. 3 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Injection and spray characteristics of a variable orifice nozzle applied the jerk type fuel injection pump for DI diesel engine; Jerk shiki nenryo funsha pump wo mochiita kahen funko nozzle no funsha funmu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, T; Matsui, K; Iwasaki, T; Kobayashi, T [Zexel Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Matsumoto, Y [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

A Variable Orifice Nozzle (VON) by changing a cross-sectional area of the nozzle injection hole, for improving a rate of injection and injection duration, has been developed to study its injection and spray characteristics. The nozzle geometry was optimized to analyze a nozzle internal flow by computational method. Results show that, injection and spray pattern responded to the nozzle orifice cross-sectional area which is changing larger to smaller in the part load range. This results suggest to contribute a combustion improvement which decreasing NOx and soot. 14 refs., 10 figs.

Development of two-stage compression heat pump for hot water supply in commercial use. Research of compatibility with alternative refrigerant, HFC-134a; Gyomuyo nidan asshukushiki kyuto heat pump no kaihatsu. Daitai reibai HFC-134a no tekiyosei kensho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimoto, K.; Hasegawa, H.; Saikawa, M.; Iwatsubo, T.; Mimaki, T. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-03-01

Performance of two-stage compression and cascade heating heat pump cycle was evaluated in the case using alternative refrigerant, HFC-134a, instead of CFC-12 through calculations and experiments. Heat source and heat load temperature conditions of CFC-12, HFC-134a, and HCFC-22 were calculated. As a result, this cycle provided equivalent coefficient of performance to use of CFC-12 and HCFC-22. Especially for HFC-134a, discharge gas temperature from compressor was much lower than that of the others, which prevented the heat decomposition of refrigerant. It was found that HFC-134a was suitable refrigerant for high temperature output equipment like this cycle. To grasp the possibility of hot water supply at 65 {degree}C and behavior of lubricating oil which can not be obtained only from calculations, applicability of HFC-134a was investigated. Experiments were conducted using a small test apparatus with electric input of 2 kW. As a result, satisfactory performance was obtained for each evaluation item. Applicability of HFC-134a to the two-stage compression cycle was confirmed. 9 refs., 21 figs., 16 tabs.

Comparison of the toxicity of wastewater disinfected with the alternatives to chlorination by bioassay using seaweed (Porphyra yezoensis conchospores); Kaiso (susabinori gai hoshi) wo mochiita seibutsu kentei ni yoru toshi gesui no enso daitai shodoku shorisui no dokusei hikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takami, T.; Maruyama, T.; Suzuki, Y. [Miyazaki University, Miyazaki (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Kaiga, N. [Toshiba Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Miura, A. [Aomori University, Aomori (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1998-11-10

The technique now in use for disinfecting municipal sewerage is the free chlorine method, and the free chlorine reacts with ammonia in the treated water for the formation of NH4Cl. The resultant compound is strongly toxic and harms aquatic organisms, this creating a knotty problem to solve. In this report, a bioassay utilizing Porphyra yezoensis conchospores is performed, and the toxicity reducing effect is discussed of the seaweed on water specimens disinfected by free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet rays. Porphyra yezoensis is easy to acquire, and the bioassay evaluates the toxicity of the water specimens by evaluating the survival rate of conchospores discharged by free-living conchoceles and the rate of inhibited sprouting. The outcome is summarized below. The injection dose required for inactivating 99.9% of the groups of coli bacteria in the treated water and the trend of fluctuations in the concentration level are obtained. No inhibition of conchospore sprouting occurs even with the addition of 100% of treated water in the chlorine-disinfected specimen or chlorine dioxide-disinfected specimen. 19 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Application of magnetotelluric method to hydrocarbon exploration. Case study of MT survey in Yurihara oil and gas field, Akita prefecture; MT ho no kokunai sekiyu tanko eno tekiyo. Akitaken Yurihara chiiki ni okeru jikken chosa kekka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mitsuhata, Y; Matsuo, K; Ishikawa, H; Tanaka, H; Nakagami, K [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1996-10-01

The experiment and survey were carried out to verify the effectiveness and limitation of MT method. The previous seismic reflection method is unsuitable for steep terrain and over-folded complicated geological structure. In such difficult areas, application of MT method is increasing as complement or substitution for the reflection method. However, the evaluation of resistivity structure interpretation for every area is slightly difficult because of lack of data, poor quality of data, and no verification data at boreholes. Consequently, the survey was again carried out in well-known Yurihara oil and gas field, Akita prefecture whose geological structure has been surveyed in detail at boreholes, by adding new 32 sites, 22 sites on the south side and 10 sites on the north side of the measuring line extending from east to west. As a result, it was clarified that the lower high-resistivity layer found by MT method is equal to the Nishikurosawa basaltic layer, and basalt extends to the west in the north area. This result can`t be simply compared with the previous geological profile. 8 refs., 8 figs.

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. For safety and environmental factors; 2000 nendo jidoshayo nenryo denchi no fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. Anzensei shuhen kankyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 activities for safety and environmental factors involved in fuel cell powdered vehicles. The current technical standards and specifications for CNG and LPG fueled vehicles are investigated, to extract the factors necessary to establish the safety evaluation guidelines when these fuels are replaced by hydrogen fuel. The rules extracted and studied include those related to collision and resultant fuel leakage, removal of spark and hot sources, leakage in the fuel system, leakage into containers and passenger rooms, and materials. For the rules on test methods of fuel tanks, the investigated items include fire resistance, impact resistance and permeation loss of fuel from the tanks. For system safety, the investigated items include possible unusual situations, leakage of the electrolytes and electrical shock. The basic data are collected for destruction of the fuel tanks, spout of hydrogen from and electrification of the hydrogen-occluding alloys, flame retardancy of high-voltage wires for automobiles, and hydrogen diffusion simulation. The safety-related technical trends are followed by hearing the related organizations, including automakers. Literature survey and hearing are conducted to investigate the environmental effects of radio wave interference and noise. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the model project on the effective utilization of waste-base biomass fuels. Basic survey for the feasibility; 1999 nendo haikibutsukei biomass nenryo yuko riyo model jigyo jisshi kanosei kiso chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Survey on the waste biomass was conducted for Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Nepal, Butan, Myanmar and Cambodia to study feasibility of the project for the concrete utilization of biomass resources. In Thailand, it is expected to construct large-scale model plants for biomass resources such as rice hulls, bagasse, wood waste and oil palm. In Malaysia, expected are the cogeneration at 5MW class palm oil plant, large-scale power plant using wood waste, plant using the biomass from waste palm oil, etc. In Indonesia, there is a great potentiality, but it is necessary to handle it carefully in consideration of the unstable situation of the society. In Vietnam, the detailed survey of feasibility is needed on the project for efficiency heightening at state-run plants, the assumed national plants (recommended by the government), etc. In Laos, small-scale power generation using the forestry waste such as sawdust is expected. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 result reports of the researches under consignment from NEDO. Developments of fuel cell technology, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, fuel cell power generation system technology, and high-voltage type several tens kW class distributed power source system; Shin energy sangyo gijutsu sogo kaihatsu kiko itaku gyomu 1996 nendo seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, hatsuden system gijutsu kaihatsu, koden`atsugata suju kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper precisely reports the research result on development of fuel cell technology in fiscal 1996. On verification of cell durability, the cell test result in hydrogen including CO of 100ppm using Pt-Ru catalyst as CO resistant catalyst showed that the loss percent of cell voltage decreases with an increase in Ru content. On development of stack technology, the carbon humidification plate superior in chemical stability was developed as one of the parts for layered stacks. The separator with a water- permeable carbon plate and serpentine flow fields was fabricated for highly layered stacks, and achieved the target performance in single cell power generation test. On establishment of design basis for compact fuel processor, the bench-scale test was conducted of Ru/{gamma}-Al2O3 and Pt-Ru/{gamma}-Al2O3 catalysts as advanced CO selective oxidation catalyst for CO reducers. On demonstration test for the several tens kW class stationary power plant, the system configuration of power generation plants using natural gas as fuel was studied. 106 figs., 38 tabs.

FY 2000 report on the results of the project to promote the comprehensive management of petroleum products. Development of a risk assessment system; 2000 nendo sekiyu seihin sogo kanri suishin jigyo seika hokokusho. Risk hyoka system kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The R and D were conducted on the system to assess risk of chemicals which considers the human health, environment, etc., and the FY 2000 results were reported. In this fiscal year, the goal of the study was to establish a system of user-friendly interface, easy-to-use system components and data access methodology. As to the details of the system, additional assessment items on the human health were found and surveyed, and the development of a new system for the assessment of acute exposure was started. Relating to the handling of various data on toxicity, physical properties, etc., reference is to be made to the database of National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, MITI, as a base. Concerning the simple assessment corresponding to the PRTR method, almost all 435 chemicals designated by the PRTR act were to be included in the internal database. As to the development of the system, the simple assessment system corresponding to the PRTR method was developed, and a testing system, {beta} version, was completed. Further, the development of a 'site-specific assessment system' was started which considers the geological/meteorological situation of the site. (NEDO)

Present state and future of pretrochemical industry; Domestic and overseas situations concerning new and additional construction of facilities of ethylene and BTX. Sekiyu kagaku sangyo no genjo to kongo; Ethylene BTX no shinzosetsu wo meguru naigai josei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konuma, Yoshio

1990-02-25

Since 1987, petrochemical industry has jumped into the era of properity and as a whole, been supported by increasing demands. Although it is said that the 21st Century is the age of chemistry, but for petrochemistry the age of 1990 {prime} s is the age of international competition for the survival towards the 21st Century. The scale of individual enterprise of the Japanese chemical industry including petrochemical enterprises still remains small when compared with that of the individual world-wide chemical enterprises of the U.S.A., Germany and the U.K., etc., besides these world-wide enterprises have established their production bases and research facilities in Japan. In addition, there is somewhat uncertainty in the foundation which is supporting the present prosperity. This article scans the present situation of petrochemistry in its preface, explains the present state and trends of individual industry in the chapters covering the environment around the Japanese petrochemical industry, the report (summary) of the Long Term Credit Bank Institute of Management, trends of advance of oil industry into petrochemical business, production capacity of ethylene and new as well as additional plant construction plans. In this industry, is observed the constitution of Japan which is unable to form internationally competitive power irrespective of her recognition of its necessity because of their giving priority to the balance of their business world. 1 tab.

FY 2000 report on the results of the project to promote the comprehensive management of petroleum products. Development of a risk assessment system; 2000 nendo sekiyu seihin sogo kanri suishin jigyo seika hokokusho. Risk hyoka system kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The R and D were conducted on the system to assess risk of chemicals which considers the human health, environment, etc., and the FY 2000 results were reported. In this fiscal year, the goal of the study was to establish a system of user-friendly interface, easy-to-use system components and data access methodology. As to the details of the system, additional assessment items on the human health were found and surveyed, and the development of a new system for the assessment of acute exposure was started. Relating to the handling of various data on toxicity, physical properties, etc., reference is to be made to the database of National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, MITI, as a base. Concerning the simple assessment corresponding to the PRTR method, almost all 435 chemicals designated by the PRTR act were to be included in the internal database. As to the development of the system, the simple assessment system corresponding to the PRTR method was developed, and a testing system, {beta} version, was completed. Further, the development of a 'site-specific assessment system' was started which considers the geological/meteorological situation of the site. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 survey report. Basic survey on trends of waste use type production facilities and waste fuel production facilities; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Haikibutsu riyogata seizo shisetsu oyobi haikibutsu nenryo seizo shisetsu doko kiso chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This survey was made to obtain the basic data for future spread and promotion of No.6 type (waste use type production facilities) and No.7 type (waste fuel production facilities) which were added to the objects having been subsidized since fiscal 1997 under `the environmental harmony type energy community project.` In the former, the kiln in the cement industry and the blast furnace in the steel industry can be extremely large places to receive waste plastic since the facilities are distributed in every area and the treatment capacity is large. However, the effective collection, transportation and sorting of large quantity of waste plastic, especially the problem of removal of vinyl chloride, is a big bottleneck. As to the use of waste plastic using gasification technology, there are no actual results on the commercial basis. That is, however, appropriate for treatment of the waste difficult in treatment, and can be expected of the usage in the chemical industry. In the latter, in the facilities using industrial waste raw materials as fuel, solidification and liquefaction are both operated on a commercial basis. In relation to the solidification and use as fuel of general waste, the treatment of combustion ash is preventing the expansion of use of waste in the industrial field because of a large quantity of chlorine included in the products. 92 refs., 54 figs., 35 tabs.

Activation of charcoal made from japanese cypress as oxygen electrode in fuel cell by deposition of Pd-metal/Heteropolyacids of the micropores; Kinzokuparajiumu-heteroporisan no bunsan tanzi niyoru hinoki mokutan no nenryo denchisansokyoku to shiteno kinouka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yumine, Takuya.; Kominami, Hiroshi.; Kera, Yoshiya. [Kinki University, osaka (Japan); Abe, Ikuo. [Osaka Municipal Technology Research Institute, Osaka (Japan)

1998-12-31

Pd- and Pt-metal were observed by TEM to be highly disperdsed on charcoal prepared from Japanese Cypress [Hinoki] at 900degreeC (Pd, Pt/H2). Nafion-sheet was hot-pressed with Pd/H2 and Pt/H2 disc-pellets placed in the other sides to make a fuel cell-electrode unit. The 1-V curve in the H{sub 2}-O{sub 2} fuel were measured : The voltage certainly grew with increase in the amount of Pd-metal (1{yields}13wt%) and with a mixing of [Nafion] powder (11wt%). The discharge character was greatly improved with the addition of heteropolyacid (H{sub 3}PMo{sub 11}VO{sub 42};PVMo{sub 11}). When a charcoal prepared from Hinoki at 2400degreeC (HG) was used, the inner resistivity was about 10-times lower than the case of H2 used, although the dispersed states of Pd-metal became considerably poor on HG rather than H2. The actuvuty also increased further with the addition of Nafion and PVMo{sub 11}. (author)

FY1992 research report on the evaluation and analysis of data collected in fuel cell power generation field test project; 1992 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1992 in the field tests on fuel cell power generation systems. The three locations subjected to the present analysis are all installed with 50-kW systems, whereas power generation efficiency of around 35% such as 35.3, 34.2 and 34.6% was obtained when the systems were operated at the rated output. When the load gets to below a certain load band (about 30 kW), the power generation efficiency decreases proportionately with the load. The overall efficiency including heat supply was 77.8, 70.7 and 80.3% respectively at about the rated output, showing a trend that the higher the thermal efficiency, the higher the overall efficiency. The case of generating both electric power and heat simultaneously has higher efficiency than the case of heat supply alone. The contribution rate of the fuel cell as a base load was 2.8, 4.6 and 13.6%, respectively. The system with as high value as 13.6% takes a power load following type operation mode, in which power is generated during a time band with large load during weekdays, and no power is generated at nighttime and in holidays when load is smaller, playing a role of peak responding power supply. Only one trouble has occurred in an auxiliary generator in the heat recovery system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology (Advanced materials for extreme environments - Development of methane fueled aeroengine); 1993 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

Efforts were exerted to develop advanced materials for use under extreme environments, which were intermetallic compounds and fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials excellent in heat resistance, specific strength, oxidation resistance, or the like. For the development of intermetallic compounds, efforts were made to develop Ti-Al-X (X=metal) high specific strength intermetallic compounds and Nb-Al-X (X=metal) high melting point intermetallic compounds. Ternary phase diagrams were prepared and the effect of added elements on basic characteristics was investigated. Basics of element technologies (texture control, melting, casting, and isothermal rolling) for manufacturing panel materials were studied and, in the case of Ti-Al-X systems, Ti-Al thin panels were fabricated. In the case of Nb-Al-X systems, items were experimentally fabricated by casting in an effort to study precision casting technology optimization. For the development of composite materials, efforts were made to develop SiC based and SiMC (M=metal) based fibers, and studies were carried out to complex them with Ti-Al based matrices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research cooperation project. Research cooperation on community-oriented practical photovoltaic power systems (Practical methane gas fermentation fuel cell power systems); 1999 nendo metan hakko gas nenryo denchi hatsuden system no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report describes the research cooperation with developing countries on practical methane gas fermentation fuel cell power systems in 1999-2002. This research aims to construct the methane gas fermentation fuel cell power facility using livestock excreta which can supply power to the facility and peripheral areas. The facility controls various substance concentrations in waste water within environmental standards, and uses waste as compost. This project is very promising in use of environment-friendly energy, effective use of unused energy and power supply to unelectrified areas for China under serious conditions such as rapid increase in energy demand and various environment problems. There are such various issues to achieve this target as securing livestock (pig breeders) and excreta, and fermentation and recovery of suitable methane gas necessary for fuel cell power systems from excreta. This report is composed of 2 parts, (1) Current use of energy resources and use of unused energy in Guangdong province, and (2) Technical requirements for practical methane gas fermentation fuel cell power systems. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report. Data collection and evaluation analysis in the project on field tests on the fuel cell generation; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Nenryo denchi hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru data shuyaku oyobi hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The paper installed fuel cell power generation equipment experimentally at various facilities which are the final diffusion form of the new energy power generation, conducted long-term operation under the actual load, collected/analyzed various data, arranged them as data useful for full scale introduction/diffusion, aiming at forming the base for general diffusion of the fuel cell power generation. The number of the systems installed for field test execution has been 24 places/28 units since the start of the project, and the system capacity totaled 4,250kW. The actual operation hours in five years are 6,000-28,000. In fiscal 1996, the average cumulative accumulated operational rate was approximately 68%, a little over that in fiscal 1995, 65%. The average load factor was 69% in fiscal 1995 and 70% in fiscal 1996. The utilization rate increased as a whole to about 57% on average if seeing only fiscal 1996, as compared with that in fiscal 1995, about 48%. The power generating efficiency was approximately 34% on average. As to the status of shutdown of the fuel cell power generation, the paper surveyed the average interval of failure, the rate of frequency of shutdown, the analysis of shutdown, etc. 250 figs., 29 tabs.

Fiscal 1996 comprehensive report on R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu sokatsu hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technology for composite thin film formation such as laser MOCVD, for thin film lamination, and for synthesis reaction and characterization in compounded fields where temperature/pressure/magnetic field/electrical field, etc., are compounded, for the purpose of creating materials with functions newly added or reinforced by regulating compositions and structures through atomic/molecular orders. The R and D was conducted on 24 themes, which were rearranged into four categories. Examples of the themes are as follows; development of super hard permanent magnets by crystallization process control of Nd-Fe-B amorphous alloys, as for structural control technology; research on high functional thin film sensors (PbLaTiO{sub 3}) using laser MOCVD, and research on ultra thin film by multi-ion-beam sputtering with ion/photo irradiation, as for thin film technology; R and D on highly ordered structure control technology in electrode surface compounded reaction fields, as for compounded fields; and, research on diagnostic technique for compounded reaction fields by laser-ionization method, as for supporting technologies. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of anti-corrosion technologies for oil production system); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Shinaji ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A computer simulation-aided designing technology is completed to help develop synergy ceramics which are complicated in phase constitution and material structure. A program, which simulates sintering and particle growth for multiple solid-state and solid-state/liquid-phase systems, has been built assuming the form of an integrated micro/nano level simulation technology based on the Monte Carlo method. The new program applies to systems consisting of more than three different phases, and deals in a uniform way with the designing of various textures formable by transfer of matters in solid-state particle growth, Ostwalt ripening, solid-state sintering, liquid-phase sintering, and additive reaction. The Monte Carlo method-assisted program is applied to systems based on AlN, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and a good result is achieved in each case. The molecular dynamic method is mainly used in atom level simulation for application to ZrO{sub 2}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Si-C-N, and a good result is achieved in each case. (NEDO)

FY 2000 survey report on the project on energy conservation/environmental preservation for oil corporations in Croatia by rehabilitation of oil refinery; 2000 nendo Croatia sekiyu kosha muke seiyusho no rihabiri ni yoru shene kankyo hozen project chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of strengthening the international competitive force in the oil industry of Croatia and reducing greenhouse effect gas by introducing energy conservation technology, study was made of the rehabilitation of oil refineries (Rijeka and Sisak) of Croatia's oil corporation, INDUSTRIJA NAFTE d.d. (INA). Rijeka and Sisak Refineries have the oil processing capacity of 6 million t/y and 4.6 million t/y, respectively, but they were constructed during the 1960s-1970s and are now superannuated. In this project, the following are adopted: heightening of the temperature of raw material supply, surging avoidance control, reutilization of condensate water of vacuum distillation, heightening of MEA concentration, control of excess air ratio in heating furnace, preheating of combustion air in heating furnace, application of small-diameter pump impeller, the optimum control of steam/electric system, heightening of temperature of cleaning water of desalting device, stop of adoption of flare seal gas, etc. The energy conservation effect to be expected from the project is 43,065 toe/y in a total of the two refineries, and the reduction in greenhouse effect gas is 133,000 t-CO2/y. Further, the internal return rate is 53.12%, which is very attractive for INA. (NEDO)

Assessment of effects of maturity of Japan`s economy and society and improvement in automotive fuel consumption on demand for automotive fuels; Nippon keizai shakai no seijukuka to nenpi kaizen ga jidoshayo nenryo juyo ni ataeru eikyo hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimomura, S. [The Institute of Energy Economics, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-04-01

This paper evaluates impacts of the maturity of Japan`s economy and society and the improvement in automotive fuel efficiency on the demand for automotive fuels by FY 2010. Standard case and lower order case were examined. When the traffic volume of passenger cars in FY 1995 is assumed to be 100, it become 121 and 119 in standard and lower order cases, respectively. The traffic volume of lorries become 106 and 102 in standard and lower order cases, respectively, which showed a rather small growth. Deterioration rate of the fuel consumption was estimated by considering the difference in fuel consumption of new cars and existing cars. Although the fuel consumption will be lowered by FY 2000 when the cassation rate of ordinary passenger cars will rapidly increase, the impact will be lowered after that. For lorries for commercial use, the running fuel consumption will be gradually lowered due to the increased carrying capacity and vehicle weight a lorry with improving the transportation efficiency. Decreased running speed by traffic jam is also a cause of the deterioration of fuel consumption. When a policy of improvement in the fuel consumption is promoted in a background of CO2 issues, the fuel consumption of each vehicle will be gradually improved. The peak of fuel demand will be in FY 2005 by considering the changes in economical and social structures and the improvement in fuel consumption for the environmental protection. 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Electrolyte loss mechanism of molten carbonate fuel cells. 2.; Application to the cell with matrix electrolyte layer; Yoyu tansan`engata nenryo denchi ni okeru denkaishitsu loss kiko ni tsuite. 2.; Matrix gata denkaishitsuso wo yusuru denchi eno oyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

A single cell of molten carbonate fuel cell using a matrix electrolyte layer fabricated by using the doctor blade process has been operated for several thousand hours, measured of electrolyte loss amount, and analyzed by using a new electrolyte loss mechanism. The result may be summarized as follows: according to a result of measuring the matrix layer pore distribution, the average pore size has increased little by little; pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m at which no electrolyte retention becomes possible remain at nearly constant ratio up to 1800 hours, but increased after 2500 hours; the pore capacity in ports with the largest electrolyte retaining diameter of 2 {mu}m or less showed slight decrease with time in the anode, and an initial decrease followed by flatness, and then a sharp decrease after 1800 hours in the matrix layer; the electrolyte loss measurement values have remained nearly constant for 25 hours to 1800 hours, but increased sharply thereafter; and the electrolyte loss in this single cell due to pore capacity decrease in pores as power generating parts with diameters smaller than 2 {mu}m was explained quantitatively by a new electrolyte loss mechanism. 11 refs., 6 figs.

National research and development project. Report on evaluation of research and development of remotely controlled excavators for highly deep submarine oil fields; Ogata kenkyu kaihatsu project. Daishindo enkaku sosa kaitei sekiyu kussaku sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu ni kakawaru hyoka hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-02-04

Described herein are results of evaluation of the developed excavators remotely controlled for highly deep submarine oil fields. The excavator system was designed to work at the target water depth of 200 to 250 m and excavation depth of 8,000 to 9,000 m, though not quite satisfactorily. There were several practical problems to be solved, e.g., those found in accuracy of reentry in the excavated section, cables connecting the driving equipment to the excavated section, and entangled hoses. The works were divided and system was configured in an attempt to secure all-weather type serviceability and to improve economic viability. The other major works included attempts to improve equipment functions and reduce manpower cost. Nevertheless, however, the construction cost was considered to be higher than expected, and no firm prospect was obtained whether the new excavator system was economically competitive with the conventional rig. The factors that pushed up the construction cost were various facilities needed by the new system with the separated excavation and driving sections, e.g., those facilities for helping the system land on the sea bottoms, material supply/storage facilities, and automated/unmanned facilities. The system failure and other items related to reliability are no clearly understood, making it difficult to compare it with the conventional rig in service factor. It was not adequate, therefore, to advance the next R and D phase as planned, and decided that the project was suspended to see the world development trends, because the clear plans for the future could not be drawn at that time. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of synergy ceramics (research and development of technologies to prevent corrosion in petroleum production systems); 1999 nendo synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research and development has been performed on the following themes: 1. Material realizing technology, and advanced evaluation and design technology (1-(1) ultra precision materials, 1-(2) high-temperature energy materials, 1-(3) basic member design technology, 1-(4) materials having function to detect stresses and micro destruction, 1-(5) porous materials to control gas hole patterns, and 1-(6) materials having self-restoring/self-lubricating function); 2. Application technology (2-(1) materials having substance and light selecting function, 2-(2) high wear resistant and easy-to-process materials, 2-(3) high-performance resistance materials for electric power devices, and 2-(4) flexible sliding materials); 3. Formation of common base technologies. 4. Report on achievements in countries making joint researches. In Item 1-(1), micro destruction mechanisms were analyzed, and the directionality of material structure control was clarified. In Item 1-(2), controlled closing holes were introduced. In Item 1-(3), polycrystalline alumina, polycrystalline zirconia, and zirconia particle dispersed alumina were evaluated microscopically and macroscopically. In Item (4), Y-TZP/Ni nano-compound materials were fabricated successfully. In Item 1-(5), destruction behavior of porous ceramics was studied. In Item 1-(6), characteristics were investigated on Fe(Al)Al2O3 which was fabricated on the trial basis. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 report on basic research for promotion of joint implementation programs. Energy saving project for West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Dalian/West Pacific Oil Refinery; 1999 nendo Dalian Nishitaiheiyo sekiyu kako yugen koji Nishitaiheiyo seiyusho shoene project chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

An energy saving survey is conducted for the above named plant under a project expected to be linked to the clean development mechanism of COP3 (Third Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Supply/demand balance is poor at various utilities in this refinery, with surplus steam in summer and with hydrogen rich surplus off gas (flare combustion, discharge into the air) from the respective devices causing numerous problems about energy efficiency. Under the project, hydrogen will be recovered from the refinery off gas for utilization, systems related to fuel, steam, and power will be improved, and a surplus gas fired turbine power generating facility will be installed. Power generation of 29MW is feasible, which elevates the percentage of private power generation to the total demand for power from 25% to 71%. The purchase of power from external coal fired power stations will decrease greatly, contributing to energy saving. A yearly amount of 136-thousand tons of CO2 will be reduced thanks to the hydrogen recovery system and the gas turbine power generating facility to be newly installed. The Chinese party, much interested in the project, intends to be a participant as a joint implementer. The Japanese party has received a request for technological and financial assistance. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Photon-aided measuring and processing technologies (Research and development of advanced measuring and processing technologies for oil production system); 1998 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system kodo keisoku kako gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Research and development was conducted of photon-aided measuring and processing technologies and of the technology of generating photons, all these usable in oil digging. In the research and development of high-reliability laser welding technology, it was found that reflection from the keyhole served as an indicator betraying instability if any in laser welding, and this enabled the establishment of a method for observing defects in welded sections. In the research and development of technologies for measuring internal transmission of short-wavelength radiation and for photoelectron spectroscopy, a high-efficiency continuous generation of hard X-rays was noticed in the former while, in the latter, the soft X-ray source in a light source was evaluated. In addition, a photoelectron flight tube was fabricated, and evaluated. In the research and development of fiber laser, a fiber structure type was decided to be used, and fiber laser was successfully oscillated for the first time in the world. In the research and development of high-performance laser diodes, a laser diode device was fabricated as the first step in this effort. A discussion was made about a high-efficiency combination of heat sink materials, lamination and assembly system, and fibers, which was for achieving higher performance. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 comprehensive report on R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu sokatsu hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technology for composite thin film formation such as laser MOCVD, for thin film lamination, and for synthesis reaction and characterization in compounded fields where temperature/pressure/magnetic field/electrical field, etc., are compounded, for the purpose of creating materials with functions newly added or reinforced by regulating compositions and structures through atomic/molecular orders. The R and D was conducted on 24 themes, which were rearranged into four categories. Examples of the themes are as follows; development of super hard permanent magnets by crystallization process control of Nd-Fe-B amorphous alloys, as for structural control technology; research on high functional thin film sensors (PbLaTiO{sub 3}) using laser MOCVD, and research on ultra thin film by multi-ion-beam sputtering with ion/photo irradiation, as for thin film technology; R and D on highly ordered structure control technology in electrode surface compounded reaction fields, as for compounded fields; and, research on diagnostic technique for compounded reaction fields by laser-ionization method, as for supporting technologies. (NEDO)

FY 1981 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Verification test on the environmental safety; 1981 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken seika hokokusho. Kankyo anzensei jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-08-01

Assuming the use of methanol which is expected to be promising as petroleum substituting fluid fuel, an investigational study was made on the environmental safety, and the FY 1981 results were summed up. In the study/evaluation of the verification test, conducted were the survey of the results of the studies having been made on toxicity of methanol, working-out of a plan for verification test on the environmental safety of methanol, etc. Moreover, for the purpose of grasping effects of methanol and methanol combustion gas on living organisms, the following were carried out: design and a part of the construction work of facilities in which the test is made for breeding monkey/aquatic animal in the methanol environment, test on its effect on aquatic animal, and purchase of a part of the equipment used for test on its effect on rat/mouse. As to the tests, the following were in the planning stage: toxicity test using macaca on high-concentration (acute)/low-concentration (chronic) inhalation of methanol gas, toxicity test on inhalation of formaldehyde as mock combustion flue gas, test on effects of methanol on fish/shellfish in terms of the fatal concentration/repellent behavior/chronic influence/hindrance of multiplication, etc. (NEDO)

Report for fiscal 1998 on results of research and development of silicon-based polymeric material. Material research for the liquid methane fueled aircraft engine; 1998 nendo keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Research was conducted for the purpose of establishing basic technology concerning molecular design, synthesis, material formation, and evaluation of silicon-based polymers which are expected to provide superior electronic/optical functions, high heat/combustion resistance and dynamic properties. The research subjects were such as following: research and development of silicon-based polymeric materials with sea-island microstructures; research and development of silicon-based polymeric materials with sea-island microstructures; research and development on IPN formation with silicon-based polymers; research and development of hybrid silicon polymers with organometallic compounds; research and development of silicon containing polymer materials with ring structures; general committee for investigation and research; the optimized low-temperature Wurtz synthesis and modification of polysilanes; study of unsaturated and hypercoordinate organosilicon compounds; basic studies on the synthesis and properties of silicon-based high polymers; studies of new monomer-synthesis and their polymerization reaction; studies on new method of preparation and functionalization of polysilanes; novel applications of silicon-based polymers in imaging devices for information display, memory, and recordings; and molecular design of silicon-containing {pi}-conjugated and {sigma}-conjugated compounds. (NEDO)

Numerical simulation of growth of flames formed in two-dimensional mixing layer. 2nd Report. Effect of dilution of fuel; Nijigen kongo sonai ni keiseisareta kaen no seicho ni kansuru suchi simulation. 2. Nenryo no kishaku ni yoru eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noda, S [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Hashimoto, K [Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Osaka (Japan); Nakajima, T [Kobe University, Kobe (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-07-25

The effect of fuel dilution on growth of flames formed in 2-D mixing layers was studied by numerical simulation. The methane mass fraction of fuel was adjusted to 1.0, 0.3 and 0.2 through dilution by nitrogen, while the oxygen mass fraction of an oxidizer was fixed at 0.27. Flame structure was complicated due to the flows separated by flame at the leading edge of flames, and three peaks of the second Damkohler number were observed. Fuel dilution by nitrogen caused blow-off of flames, and the mixing ratio of the fuel and oxidizer at the leading edge of flames was essential to blow-off of diffused flames. In the case where vortices were observed in a flow field, the first Damkohler number was important which was determined by the hydrodynamic characteristic time of coherent vortices and the chemical characteristic time of flame propagation based on the mixing ratio of the fuel and oxidizer at the leading edge of flames. The diffused flames were elongated by shearing force, and an exothermic reaction was suppressed and a flame stabilization decreased with a decrease in second Damkohler number. 10 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1994 Report on the results of the joint research project for optimum introduction of development of fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers; 1994 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu saiteki donyu chosa seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-05-01

Described herein are the FY 1994 results of the joint research project for optimum introduction of development of fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers or the like. The necessary economic conditions for introduction of a fuel cell system to be competitive with the conventional system which individually supplies electric power and heat are 250,000 yen/kW as the construction unit cost, 0.10m{sup 2}/kW as the installation area, 5 years as the cell body life, use of an inexpensive fuel gas (2 to 6 yen/Mcal). Moreover, it is an indoor system which shall have the operational characteristics to follow daily demand fluctuations while operating under the optimum conditions in the urban redevelopment area considered. A 5,000kW-class fuel cell plant burning fuel gas (2 yen/Mcal) will need a total floor area of approximately 400,000 m{sup 2} in an energy-intensive office type demand area. These conditions shall be met in order to economically introduce the 5,000kW-class plant. It is also necessary to compare the plant with the competitive cogeneration plants. The specifications for the prototype now under consideration are sufficient for the energy-saving effect, and it is premised that these specifications and characteristics are secured. (NEDO)

Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of The Fuel Society of Japan (1991). 28th Coal Science Conference/91st Coke Meeting; (Sha) nenryo kyokai godo taikai happyo ronbunshu (1991). Dai 28 kai sekitan kagaku kaigi dai 91 kai cokes tokubetsukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1991-11-07

Relating to coke, studies are made on the rapid coke production method, oven investigation during carbonization, and operational management/control. As to coal science, studies are mainly on the brown coal two-stage liquefaction (BCL) method, and data on the pilot plant and PSU are reported. Concerning bituminous coal liquefaction, PSU data mostly including the NEDOL process, and characteristics of liquefaction residue and its effective utilization by thermal decomposition are reported. Regarding the liquefaction mechanism, an experimentally extensive study on catalyst, solvent and reaction conditions is made using model materials and coal itself on the bench scale and also in the pilot plant. Engineering subjects on residue, solvent deashing, scale attachment and coprocessing are also reported. Relations of decomposition process to coal chemical structure changes and reaction conditions are investigated. As to coal gasification, studies, which are not many, are conducted on material balance, heat balance, and image characteristics of char for gasification and factors controlling reactivity.

Fiscal 1990 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Development of methane fueled aeroengine); 1990 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research efforts went on for the development of advanced materials, that is, intermetallic compounds and fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials. Activities were conducted in the four fields of (1) high specific strength intermetallic compounds, (2) high melting point intermetallic compounds, (3) fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials, and (4) a comprehensive survey. In Field (1), ternary phase diagrams (Mo, Nb) were prepared for Ti-Al-X (X=metal) systems, and studies were conducted of systematic methods for developing Ti-Al based high specific strength intermetallic compound materials. In Field (2), work was started to prepare binary phase diagrams for Nb-Al systems, and studies were conducted about their basic characteristics and characteristic governing factors. A powder manufacturing tester was designed and built, and basic tests were started for powder manufacturing. In Field (3), a success was attained in fabricating a low oxygen fiber rendered infusible by electron beam irradiation, and the infusible fiber was found to be high in quality. Studies were started of coatings for the fiber to achieve still higher performance. In Field (4), technical trends were surveyed, coordination was effected between various technology developing activities, and the results were put to proper management and then disseminated. (NEDO)

Study of a fuel injection quantity sensor in diesel engine. Part 3. Experimental evaluation of the improved type micro turbine sensor; Diesel kikan ni okeru nenryo funsharyo sensor no kenkyu. 3. Funsharyo keisoku no seido kojo ni kansuru jikken hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maehara, H; Iwasaki, T; Kobayashi, T [Zexel Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

A Micro Turbine Sensor has been developed to measure fuel injection quantity and injection rate. Previous reports described results of experiments on the MTS which were carried out under steady and unsteady flow conditions. The MTS has been improved in shape of a holder tip and a detecting procedure for rotating speed of a turbine. As a result revolution speed of the turbine increased 18% over the conventional type holder under steady flow condition. Furthermore the measurement resolution of the MTS came up to about 2(mm{sup 3}/pulse) at 20(mm{sup 3}/stroke) under intermittent spray conditions using fuel injection pump. 11 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 1992 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Development of methane fueled aeroengine); 1992 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-03-01

Research and development was carried out for intermetallic compounds and fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials for use as advanced materials at high temperatures. Activities were conducted in the four fields of (1) high specific strength intermetallic compounds, (2) high melting point intermetallic compounds, (3) fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials, and (4) a comprehensive survey. In Field (1), Mo, Nb, and Cr were added to Ti-Al systems and ternary phase diagrams were prepared for them, and isostatic forging was combined with heat treatment for the collection of basic data for achieving an optimum microstructure. Basic technologies were established for the manufacture of sheets by isothermal rolling. In Field (2), Ti, Ta, and W were added to Nb-Al systems and partial ternary phase diagrams were prepared for them. Specimen materials were subjected to a high-temperature compression test, when a specimen containing 10% of W recorded 230MPa at 1,600 degrees C. In Field (3), a silicon carbide based fiber was developed and it demonstrated the excellence of low oxygen fibers with respect to thermal properties after being rendered infusible by electron beam irradiation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells (Research using pilot test facility - for public release); 2000 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, research and development was conducted of a coal gas production technology using the oxygen-blown coal gasification technology, and the fiscal 2000 results are put together. In the construction of the pilot test facility, part of the road in the site was constructed as continued from the preceding fiscal year. In the construction of the coal gasification facility, some of the devices were built, which were the coal feeding system, coal gasification furnace, heat recovery boiler, and the char recovery device, and some of the thus-built devices and procured devices were installed. In the study of the control of the operation of the oxygen-blown coal gasification system, the pilot test facility was divided into unit devices and, for each of the unit devices, detailed procedures for pre-start preparation, start, stop, and for the stop of accessorise were deliberated, and important operating steps were worked out. Timing charts were prepared for the operation of each of the facilities during plant start/stop operations. In the effort to deal with serious accidents, special operation procedures were studied and prepared on the case-by-case basis. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell system); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-01

In fiscal 1974, the domestic and overseas developmental states of fuel cell bodies were surveyed, and some problems on the interconnection between a fuel cell system and power system were studied. Since the maximum outputs of conventional fuel cells are only nearly 10kW, however, those from several hundreds kW to several ten thousands kW are required for buildings or commercial power facilities, in the fiscal 1975, some supposed problems derived from such scale- up of fuel cells were extracted to study their solutions. Study was made on 4 kinds of fuel cells such as alkaline electrolyte, acidic electrolyte, molten salt electrolyte and solid electrolyte fuel cells, and fuel modifier for generating hydrogen. As preliminary modeling work for dynamic performance analysis of fuel cell systems, study was made on scale of the model, DC devices and equipment for customers, environmental impact, power supply reliability, various characteristics and problems in load variation including start and stop, and kinds of accidents and their measures. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Development of methane fueled aeroengine); 1991 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Research and development was carried out for intermetallic compounds and fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials for use as advanced materials. Activities were conducted in the four fields of (1) high specific strength intermetallic compounds, (2) high melting point intermetallic compounds, (3) fiber reinforced intermetallic compound composite materials, and (4) a comprehensive survey and research. In Field (1), ternary phase diagrams (Mo, Nb) were prepared for Ti-Al-X (X=metal) systems, and studies were made of alloy designs for Ti-Al based high specific strength intermetallic compounds. In Field (2), binary phase diagrams were prepared for Nb-Al systems, and the effect of phase and structure on their basic properties were investigated. A powder manufacturing tester was designed and built, and basic powder manufacturing tests were conducted. In Field (3), studies were made of heat treatment and surface coating technologies, and a silicon carbide based fiber was developed, excellent in oxidation resistance. In Field (4), technical trends were surveyed, and studies were made as to basic technical tasks to discharge for the development of materials for aeroengines. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of carbon-based high-function material technologies (research and development of ocean bottom petroleum production system); 1999 nendo tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu

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2000-05-01

As part of the research and development of carbon-based high-function material technologies, research and development has been performed on a material creating technology and a process technology to crease mechanically high-function materials. The former technology performs synthesis by using the electron excited CVD process and the explosion synthesizing process, intended to analyze the structure and properties thereof. It is intended to synthesize nitriding-based carbon films and elucidate their composition and structure by using the mass separation ion beam method and the laser beams. Synthesizing nano tubes by utilizing catalytic reactions, and investigating their properties are intended by using the thermal CVD process, plasma CVD process and arc discharge process. Elucidation is intended on the reaction and production mechanisms of carbon-based materials, theory estimation, structures possessed by the carbon-based materials, and mechanisms to manifest their characteristics. The latter technology relates to the three assignments subjected to a composition inclining film forming technology, a complex shaped film forming and micro processing technology, and a large area film forming technology. It is intended to utilize positively such properties as low friction and wear performance and high-temperature corrosion resistance expected in high-function carbon-based materials including amorphous carbon, diamond and nitrided carbon for the purpose of application to surface protection of movable parts in different industrial machines, and building materials including glasses. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development results of photon-applied instrumentation/processing technologies. Research and development of advanced measuring/processing technologies for oil production systems; 1999 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system kodo keisoku kako gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the research and development of photon (laser) beam utilization as part of the R and D project of the advanced measuring/processing technologies for oil production systems. For the high-reliability laser welding technology, the tests are conducted for welding 15 mm thick steel plates and 5 mm thick aluminum alloy plates by synthesized iodine/YAG laser beams, producing high-quality welding results. For the microscopic processing technology, attempts have been made for development of quantum functional optoelectronic devices which have nanometer-sized ultrafine dots. For the non-destructive composition measuring technology, the internal transmission measurement program produces the target light quantity by increasing brightness of the short-wavelength light source. The three-dimensional digital tomography (DT) images with a space resolution of several micrometers are obtained. For the tightly-focusing all-solid-state laser technology, a fiber-structured fiber laser is developed, on a trial basis, to attain a power of 15 W. A high-power, high-brightness laser diode, required for exciting the fiber laser is developed, and a power of 30 W or more is obtained by an InGa(As)P device. The comprehensive investigation results are also presented. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the basic survey to promote Joint Implementation, etc. Prevention of emissions of gasoline vapor from oil depots in Indonesia; 2000 nendo kyodo jisshi nado suishin kiso chosa hokokusho. Indonesia sekiyu kichi nado kara no gasoline joki hoshutsu no boshi

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2001-03-01

A field survey was conducted of oil shipment depots in Java and Bali islands owned by Indonesia's state-run oil company to study measures for reduction in greenhouse effect gas emissions. Studies were made on the grasp of the amount of the hydrocarbon vapor emitted into the air, the amount of the gasoline recovered in case of adopting the vapor emission preventive technology, equipment cost/operational cost, etc. Concretely, the following three were studied: change of the gasoline storage tank to the inner floating roof type, and prevention of evaporation loss at the time of receiving and breathing loss caused by temperature changes; replacement with the vapor recovery type loading arm to recover gasoline vapor generated at the time of shipment/filling, and installation of the vapor recovery unit to recover vapor as gasoline; vapor balance system to recover in underground tank the gasoline vapor generated at the time of filling gasoline at gas station. As a result of the study, the recovered gasoline amount was 66,393 Kl/y and the CO2 reduction amount was 14,474 t/y at oil shipment depots and approximately 650 gasoline stations in Jakarta and Surabaya. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on research and development of human cooperating and coexisting robot system. Research and development of rationalization in oil refining system; 2000 nendo ningen kyocho kyozongata robot system kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisei system gorika kenkyu kaihatsu

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2001-06-01

It is intended to develop a human cooperating and coexisting robot system that can move around freely during operation and shutdown of a oil refining plant to perform different works. This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 2000. With regard to the navigation and maintenance work functions, design was made on the robot induction system and its conception to perform the works after the robot has reached a place of the work. The specifications required for the robot supporting agent were made clear, and the constituting modules were designed to exchange information with the robot. Specifications were compiled for a portable remote operation device intended of operating different vehicles. Investigations were carried out on such protection technologies as interference check and shock absorbing materials to protect the robot platform. A method was developed to acquire posture and motion patterns of a human demonstrator, using only the upper half of the body, from the images captured by a head-mounted camera. Discussions were given on the specifications, systems and image processing algorithms required for vision-navigated autonomous walking, whose practicability was verified. Autonomous walking by means of map-based guidance, and hand operating technologies were also discussed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 R and D project for industrial science and technology. Report on results in developing methane-fueled aircraft engine (R and D on silicon-based polymeric material); 1993 nendo methane nenryo kokukiyo engine kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Keisokei kobunshi zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu

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1994-03-01

R and D was conducted on silicon-based polymeric materials for structural use, for the purpose of establishing fundamental technologies such as molecular design, synthesis, material forming and evaluation method concerning silicon-based polymers, with the fiscal 1993 results summarized. In the studies of synthesis technologies of silicon-based polymeric materials having a sea-island structure, a series of polymers with an Si-C main chain structure were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic monomers. In the studies of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure forming technologies, polycarbosilanes with superior thermal stability and solvent solubility were synthesized through structural control based on molecular design. In the studies of composite structural materials between organic metallic complex and silicon-based high polymer, the compounding was carried out by introducing or blending organic metallic complex into the main chain of silicon polymer, with evaluation made on the heat resistance. The studies of silicon polymer structural materials having a ring structure were conducted on high heat resistant polymers that were obtained by dehydrocoupling polymerization with magnesia as a catalyst. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on the Super/Hypersonic Transport Propulsion System Research and Development Project. 2/2. Development of methane-fueled aeroengine; 1997 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2/2. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaiahtsu

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1999-03-01

A technology is developed of integrating a turbo system and a ram system into a combined cycle engine. In fiscal 1997, an experimentally built engine is subjected to its first ground test and attains the expected result, and preparations are made in full swing for a high-altitude performance test scheduled for fiscal 1998. No problems relative to design criteria and mount structure load are detected in a total oscillation analysis and fan blade off analysis, this verifying the reasonableness of the design. The heat transfer module as designed is also found equipped with sufficient strength. The engine attains the maximum rotation speed in the ground test, and is found stable in operation. Although the vibration of the shaft and outer shell stays in a domain not suggesting a trouble, yet the vibration of the low-pressure turbine blade is beyond the limits in a certain domain. Tests are repeated after defining a domain where sustained rotation is forbidden. The secondary air system operation is found normal. The newly added MSV (mode selector valve), and the variable system and ram fuel control of FVABI (front-variable area bypass injector: important for switchover from turbo mode to ram mode), are also found normal in operation. The function, ignition, and zoning sequence of the ram combustor are found valid. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on the Super/Hypersonic Transport Propulsion System Research and Development Project. 1/2. Development of methane-fueled aeroengine; 1997 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1/2. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

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1999-03-01

The aim is to develop a ramjet engine for hyper/supersonic transport planes to fly at Mach 2.5-5. A combustion test is conducted and the targeted NOx emission level is attained. It is now expected that the application of heat resistant composite liners to the combustor will lead to a successful cooling structure. In the modification of the design for an increase in engine thrust, a net thrust of 1132N is achieved. In the study of turbojet elements, a success is attained in avoiding resonance at a design point in fan static vane natural oscillation. Concerning the low-pressure turbine, the targeted adiabatic efficiency of 90% is attained at the design point expansion ratio. In the study of a combined intake that exhibits high performance across a range of plane take-off through Mach 5 flight, shock waves are controlled with stability in a wind tunnel test. Targeted levels in noise control are attained in a flight simulation noise test using a fiscal 1997 reduced scale model. The compatibility of metal materials peripheral to a real engine with lubricating oils and their carbonization at high temperatures are evaluated. A lubricating oil is finally selected, and the temperature domain for its use is determined. The experimentally built combined cycle engine is found to be mechanically sound presenting no problem for instance in relation to methane fuel ram ignition performance. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on regional consortium research and development project. Regional consortium activity in its 2nd year (Research and development of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials); 1999 nendo hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2

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2000-03-01

Studies are conducted about highly biocompatible {beta}-type titanium alloys and calcium phosphate-based ceramics, high in strength and low in elasticity and constituted of non-toxic alloy elements, and about the technology of providing coatings for these materials. In the designing of such a highly biocompatible titanium alloy and the evaluating of its mechanical properties, studies are conducted about alloy formation into a practical size, fatigue characteristics and micro-structure, methods for improving its wear resistance, etc. In the development of a melting/casting technique for this purpose, studies are conducted about the melting/casting of the alloy into a practical size and about a high-recision casting technology. In the research on biological evaluation of biocompatibility and on the technology of precision casting for dentistry, studies are conducted about the reaction of the alloy with biological tissues and methods for precision casting for dentistry. Studies are also conducted about the development of technologies for precision work and precision finish for alloys. Further studies involve the development of calcium phosphate-based ceramics for the enhancement of {beta}-type titanium alloy's biocompatibility and the establishment of a technology of providing coatings for the alloy. (NEDO)

FY 1983 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Part 1. Verification test on the environmental safety; 1983 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken seika hokokusho. Kankyo anzensei jissho shiken (Sono 1)

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1984-03-01

As to the verification test on the environmental safety in the use of methanol as power generation use fuel, the following were summed up: review of the verification test and the interim evaluation, state of implementation of the FY 1983 verification test, study/evaluation of the results of the FY 1983 test, survey of research trends, plan of the FY 1984 verification test, record of the committee, etc. Concerning the interim evaluation, high evaluation was obtained as described below: Testing facilities were constructed as planned at first to make the implementation of various tests possible; Tests were smoothly conducted, and among the acute test using monkey, test on mock flue gas using monkey/rat, test on mutagenicity and test on the effect on aquatic animals, tests using oryzias latipes and abalone on the fatal concentration, avoidance behavior and chronic effect were finished by the end of FY 1983 almost as planned; The long-term inhalation test using monkey and rat/mouse has been smoothly in progress. In the survey of research trends, the paper introduced the outlined literature on the methanol metabolism of monkey, changes in the methanol concentration in blood/urine in the case of drinking methanol by mistake. (NEDO)

FY 1982 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Part 2. Verification test on the environmental safety; 1982 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken seika hokokusho. Kankyo anzensei jissho shiken (Sono 2)

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1983-03-01

For the purpose of contributing to the promotion of methanol introduction and establishment of conversion technology, testing research on environmental safety of methanol was conducted, and the FY 1982 results were reported. In this fiscal year, construction was completed of testing facilities for breeding monkey/aquatic animal in the methanol environment, and test was started. In the test on the rapid exposure of macaca to high concentration (10,000ppm), effects were recognized on the blood physiochemistry, urine analysis, cardiac function, cerebral basal nuclei and cinerea part, as a result of various inspections/analyses made after 7-day exposure. Further, for the macaca exposed to a concentration of 3,000ppm, no remarkable changes were observed in urine analysis, pH value, etc. As to the effect of toxicity of methanol on oryzias latipes, toxicity is considerably lower than that of other chemicals. At about 3% concentration, half the number of oryzias latipes was fatal in 96 hours. Further, when diatom is exposed to methanol of concentration of 100ppm or more at the time of starting culture, the diatom continues to be hindered by methanol even after methanol fades away. At the same time, methanol also seems to have effects on the shape and metabolism of diatom. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. System technology to create living environment of human activity compatible type (development of high-level petroleum plant information system); 1999 nendo ningen kodo tekigogata seikatsu kankyo soshutsu system gijutsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu plant kodo johoka system gijutsu kaihatsu

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2000-06-01

This research and development project divides largely the behaviors appearing in a daily life into movement behavior and operation behavior. The research and development is executed by dividing the subject into development of a behavior supporting technology intended for the movement behavior and development of a behavior supporting technology intended for the device operation. In developing the movement behavior adapting technology, behavior scenes in a house are taken up as the important scenes to obtain peace of mind in the daily life, and construction work behavior scenes are taken up, in which environment and work contents change from moment to moment. Then, development works are carried out on the following technologies: a technology to measure on site the human behaviors and physiological conditions, a technology to understand and accumulate the behavior contents, and a behavior supporting technology to assure relief and safety by means of abnormality notification and risk avoidance. This paper summarizes the research achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of the movement behavior adapting technologies. Chapter 1 reports the research and development on a technology to adapt behaviors in the behavior scenes in a daily life. Chapter 2 describes the research and development on a technology to adapt behaviors in the behavior scenes in construction works. Chapter 3 reports the result of surveys on the research movements in the present research areas. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report on overseas technology concerning R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu kaigai gijutsu chosa hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

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NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technologies for ultra high purity separation/processing, ultra fine particle crystal control, and high functional organic material synthesis and support. The results were classified into four categories and, on the basis of the results, the researchers paid a visit to and had a conference with related organizations overseas, for the purpose of exchanging opinions with European and American specialists and extracting evaluation and problems of the results. On laser CVD/organic thin film technology, eight institutions including University College London were visited by the researchers, with opinions exchanged on eight subjects such as studies on synthesis of high functional metallic thin film using the laser MOCVD method. On new materials/processing technology, seven institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of four researches such as preparation of Pb-based ferroelectric thin film using multi-ion-beam sputtering method. On micro-structure characterization technology, six institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of nine studies such as micro-structure characterization by transmission electron microscopy. On ion CVD/ion implantation technology, five institutions including The University of Salford were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of seven researches such as creation and utilization of ultra-high vacuum. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report on overseas technology concerning R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu kaigai gijutsu chosa hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technologies for ultra high purity separation/processing, ultra fine particle crystal control, and high functional organic material synthesis and support. The results were classified into four categories and, on the basis of the results, the researchers paid a visit to and had a conference with related organizations overseas, for the purpose of exchanging opinions with European and American specialists and extracting evaluation and problems of the results. On laser CVD/organic thin film technology, eight institutions including University College London were visited by the researchers, with opinions exchanged on eight subjects such as studies on synthesis of high functional metallic thin film using the laser MOCVD method. On new materials/processing technology, seven institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of four researches such as preparation of Pb-based ferroelectric thin film using multi-ion-beam sputtering method. On micro-structure characterization technology, six institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of nine studies such as micro-structure characterization by transmission electron microscopy. On ion CVD/ion implantation technology, five institutions including The University of Salford were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of seven researches such as creation and utilization of ultra-high vacuum. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1998 on the basic research for energy consumption efficiency improvement in developing countries. Joint research for oil consumption efficiency improvement. Indonesia; 1998 nendo hatten tojokoku energy shohi koritsuka kiso chosa nado jigyo sekiyu shohi koritsuka kyoryoku chosa jigyochosa hokokusho. Indonesia

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1999-03-01

On-site researches are conducted to study the possibility of a model business using energy-saving and environment preservation technologies of Japan and Indonesia. At textile plants, the management of heat and water in the dyeing and finishing processes is found inadequate, with great quantities of heat left uncared-for in medium- and low-temperature wastewater. An energy-saving proposition is submitted in which solar energy and absorption-type refrigerators are combined. Instrumentation and management also require improvement. At nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizer plants, the energy consumption rate is found aggravated by degradation of facilities, and continued research and further analysis are necessary before working out energy-saving policies for them. At urea fertilizer plants, though it is not easy to modernize the manufacturing processes, energy-saving and environment preserving efforts are under way within the bounds of capability. Their energy consumption rate is high because of frequent shut-downs. It is necessary to detect an anomaly at its early stage and to introduce backup systems for the elimination of erroneous operations. Operating conditions need to be analyzed for validity. At melamine manufacturing plants, process drainage is allowed into the river without any treatment contaminating the water with products of melamine hydrolysis. Short-term and long-term solutions are suggested. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the R and D of 'frontier carbon technology.' R and D of a system to support production of undersea oil; 2000 nendo 'tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu' no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu

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2001-05-01

This report summarized the results of the FY 2000 R and D of frontier carbon technology (FCT). In Chapter 1, technology of original production of substances, new carbon-base substances such as hetero-diamond and carbon nitride with high-grade and various characteristics are synthesized. And, the following are also established: method to synthesize nanotubes, etc. in quantity, technology to control interatomic bonding, technology to control hetero-element replacement, etc. BCN films were obtained by film formation by changing the gas component ratio of diborane, methane and nitrogen by the electron beam excitation CVD method. The sp{sup 3} bonding control in carbon film was advanced. By reacting benzene with raw materials using nickel phthalocyanine as catalyst, carbon nanotube with a 60nm diameter was obtained. Using ECRCVD device, carbon fiber was synthesized on Si substrate. In Chapter 2, original production process technology of mechanical high function materials, subjects are as follows: composition gradient film forming technology, complicated morphology film formation/micro processing technology, technology to apply carbon-base materials to tribology. The application of the materials to the movable part of various industrial machines is considered by making use of characteristics such as low friction and low abrasion which are expected of amorphous carbon, diamond, carbon nitride, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D of genom informatics technology. Development of measures for stabilized supply of petroleum using compound living organisms; 1999 nendo genom informatics gijutsu kenkyu kaihtsu seika hokokusho. Fukugo seibutsukei riyo sekiyu antei kyokyu taisaku kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

In this R and D, studies were made on the following: 1) comparative analysis of genes - a system based on PCR coupled with high-speed and high-throughput fragment analyzer; 2) development of the system which detects SNPs rapidly; 3) study of the technique for DNA analysis and comparison of DNA sequence by use of the triple-stranded DNA formation; 4) improvement of a genomic DNA subtraction method, the In-Gel Competitive Reassociation technique; 5) development of computer simulation system which has capability of predicting changes in gene expression; 6) development of a workbench system assisting at gene regulatory network construction; 7) analysis of a gene expression control network; 8) general R and D issues. In 1), PCR method was developed to confirm the principle. In 2), micro plant was developed. In 3), new long cDNA library was constructed. In 4), basic experiment on FRET technology was conducted. In 5), basic model was developed of clock gene expression oscillation simulation. In 6), system was developed of gene information subtraction. In 7), workbench was designed for support of transcription control network analysis. (NEDO)

Basic research on energy conservation in developing countries. Joint research on oil conservation (research report on the industrial basis of Socialist Republic of Vietnam); Hatten tojokoku energy shohi koritsuka kiso chosanado jigyo sekiyu shohi koritsuka kyoryoku chosa. Betonamu shakai shugi kyowakoku sangyo kiso chosa hokokusho

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1996-03-01

The field research of oil conservation was conducted in developing countries, in particular, Vietnam where a steep increase in oil consumption is anticipated in the future. Energy conservation is the most effective direct measures to control combustion of fossil fuels, and an important issue to be promoted by all countries in the world to prevent global warming and reserve energy resources. In fiscal 1994, main industries in the northern part of Vietnam were researched. In fiscal 1995, the report meeting of plant survey results in the northern part and the technical seminar of energy-saving in industrial field were held, and plants around Ho Chi Minh City in the southern part of Vietnam were researched. Although Vietnam has recently acquired membership in ASEAN and is undergoing dramatic economic growth, has many problems in environmental measures. Japan has top-ranking results on energy-saving in industrial field, and the transfer of such superior technologies and techniques will greatly contribute to resource and global warming problems as well as pollution control measures in Vietnam. 13 refs., 25 figs., 26 tabs.

FY 1995 annual report on research and development of propulsion systems for supersonic transport aircraft. Pt. 2. Research and development of methane-fueled engines for aircraft; 1995 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

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1996-03-01

Described herein are the R and D results of FY 1995 for the total system as part of R and D of propulsion systems for supersonic transport aircraft. For R and D of the intake, researches on aerodynamic flow passages at a combined intake design point of Mach 5 are conducted, in which the effects of the boundary layer are taken into consideration, and the wind tunnel tests are conducted for the combined intake. For R and D of the nozzle, experiments are conducted to establish the techniques for designing exhaust nozzle variable schedules in the turbo region, aerodynamic force in the turbo and ram regions, cooling systems, and composite liners. For R and D of the turbojet engines, the second phase engine tests are conducted with the engine of improved designs and two-dimensional variable exhaust nozzle. The tests produce good results in terms of engine endurance and mechanical soundness of the low-pressure systems. For R and D of the combined cycle engine incorporating the turbojet and ramjet engines, the model tests are conducted to understand aerodynamic characteristics when these engines are switched to each other. (NEDO)

Current statuses of international cooperation activities, and research and development activities, based on IEA's Implementing Agreement for a Program on Research and Demonstration of Advanced Motor Fuels; EIA jidoshayo senshin nenryo jisshi kyotei ni motozuku kokusai kyoryoku katsudo oyobi kenkyu kaihatsu no genjo

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1999-09-01

Described herein are current statuses of international cooperation activities, and R and D activities, based on IEA's Implementing Agreement for a Program on Research and Demonstration of Advanced Motor Fuels. This agreement is aimed at efficient implementation of researches, demonstration tests and information exchanges for advanced motor fuels by promoting international cooperation. It raises future environment-compatible diesel fuels and new fuels for new engines as the major R and D themes, which cover information exchanges for engines/vehicles of heavy- duty vehicles, motor fuel information services, toxicity assessments of bio-diesel fuels, feasibility studies on possibility of dimethyl ether as diesel fuel, surveys on barriers in alternative fuel markets, surveys on biodegradable lubricant oils, and effects of new heavy-duty vehicle techniques on the environments. Some of the results reported in FY 1997 are those for comparison between current motor fuels and dimethyl ether in toxicity, analysis of the failure mode effects of dimethyl ether tank in vehicles, and surveys on barriers in alternative fuel markets. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on technical results. Part 2 of 2. Research and development of supersonic transportation aircraft propulsion systems (Development of methane-fueled aircraft engines); 1998 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2/2. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

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1999-09-01

The research and development project is conducted for (1) ramjet systems, (2) high-performance turbojet systems, (3) instrumentation/control systems and (4) total systems, in order to develop methane-fueled supersonic transportation aircraft engines, and the intended targets are achieved. This project has ended with preparation of the overall plans of the target engine. Described herein is the R and D of the combined cycle engine, following the results described in Part 1 of 2. This program includes designs and development of (1) the turbojet engine, and (2) combined cycle engine. The item (1) includes studies on cycles, preparation of the overall plans and studies on the systems, and the item (2) includes the designs, ground and altitudes function tests, and ground noise tests. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1998. Development of advanced surface processing technology for methane-fueled aircraft engine members (Laser-aided advanced processing system technology); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine buzai no kodo hyomen kako gijutsu kaihatsu (Laser oyo senshin kako system gijutsu)

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1999-03-01

For the research and development of erosion-resistant abradable materials for the methane-fueled aircraft engine front section, a laser-aided surface reform technology was developed for Ti alloys and the like. In relation with the article 'Intermetallic Compound Coating Formation Technology,' an NiTi sprayed coating containing excess Ni solid solution was found to be quite high in resistance to erosion, and similar to Ti-6Al-4V in resistance to oxidation at 300 degrees C. Furthermore, an MCrAlY erosion-resistant coating was formed capable of resisting oxidation at temperatures higher than 1000 degrees C. In relation with the article 'Spraying Phenomenon Evaluation Technology,' studies were made of combustion synthesis reaction during plasma spraying and of the prediction of flight trajectories of different powders, for which optical fiber dichroic temperature measuring, 2-dimensional imaging, and LDV (laser Doppler velocimetry) were applied in combination. Concerning the spraying of intermetallic compound coatings, a temperature rise occurred when heating by laser was performed simultaneously with the laser-induced combustion synthesis reaction. In relation with the article 'Technology of Multiple Spraying on Curved Substrate,' it was found that the gas cooled method works effectively when spraying an erosion-resistant coating onto a thin Ti alloy made turbine blade. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on technical results. Part 1 of 2. Research and development of supersonic transportation aircraft propulsion systems (Development of methane-fueled aircraft engines); 1998 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1/2. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

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1999-09-01

The research and development project is conducted for (1) ramjet systems, (2) high-performance turbojet systems, (3) instrumentation/control systems and (4) total systems, in order to develop methane-fueled supersonic transportation aircraft engines. For the item (1), the ram combustor for the target engine is designed to evaluate its performance, and the shock-position within the dummy intake is successfully controlled by the variable exhaust nozzle. For the item (2), the R and D efforts are directed to the fans and low-pressure turbines, the former covering the studies on the single-stage elements for the fans of high flow rate, and the elements for the 2-stage, high-efficiency, high-load fans. For the item (3), the R and D efforts are directed to the electronic control systems and electro-optical measurement systems, the latter including development of the improved optical positioning and rotational sensors operating at high temperature of 350 degrees C. For the item (4), the R and D efforts are directed to intake nozzles as the total system component, noise reduction technology, and cooling and new material application technologies. (NEDO)

FY 1995 annual report on research and development of propulsion systems for supersonic transport aircraft. Pt. 1. Research and development of methane-fueled engines for aircraft; 1995 nendo choonsoku yusokiyo suishin system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine no kaihatsu

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NONE

1996-03-01

Described herein are the R and D results of FY 1995 for ramjet, high-performance turbojet, control/measurement and total systems. For R and D of the ramjet system, the combined component test is conducted, using a dummy intake which simulates the flow pattern downstream of the intake throat, ram combustor and variable exhaust nozzle. The first free jet test is successfully conducted at a combustor exit temperature of 1900 degrees C. For R and D of the high-performance turbojet components, the experimental researches are conducted on fan components, a combustor, and high-performance, variable, low-pressure turbine. For R and D of the control/measurement system, the system developed is improved by incorporating a dual redundant FADEC. The engine test produces good results. For R and D of the total system, the R and D efforts are made for the intake, nozzle, noise reduction, cooling and application of new materials, and combined cycle engine. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research report on the demand forecast of rare element minerals, recycling technology of rare elements from waste, and substitute rare element minerals; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Kisho genso koseki no juyo yosoku, kisho genso no haikibutsu kara no kaishu gijutsu oyobi daitai kisho genso koseki nado ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Rare element mineral is indispensable material for functionalization of high-tech raw materials. Its deposit is poor, an increase in its future demand is expected, and its information disclosure is insufficient because of strategic important material. To solve these problems, the following were studied systematically, and urgent research themes on rare element minerals were clarified: (1) High-efficiency recycling technology of rare elements, (2) Waste treatment system after recycling of rare elements from the viewpoint of environmental measures, (3) Establishment of the database of rare element minerals, and development of new substitute rare element minerals, and (4) Design method of substitute materials possible to generate various existing functions without any rare elements. Among them, in particular, precise separation of 46 kinds of rare elements from waste of high-tech raw materials, and recycling of rare elements from zinc refining waste and pyrite ore deposit containing copper were pointed out as important themes. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 project of inviting proposals for international joint research - invitation for international proposal (Substitution No.1). Achievement report on development of biogasification process for low coalification degree coal; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (daitai No.1). Teisekitankadotan no biogas ka process kaihatsu seika hokokusho

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2001-03-01

In this biogasification process, coal is subjected to pretreatment and then experiences methane fermentation. The aim is to reduce the amount of CO{sub 2} per unit thermal equivalent to be generated by low coalification degree coal. The electrolytic oxidation technology for coal pretreatment is developed jointly with ESC (Electrosynthesis Company, Inc.), U.S. For the development and improvement of electrolytic oxidation technology, the experimenting electrolytic tank of ESC and a small-scale electrolytic oxidation unit developed by the same are used. Using the developed electrolytic oxidation technology, coal is made meltable at a rate of 2.93%/min, which means that 80% or more of the coal turns meltable in 30 minutes. The technology has its own problem, however, that the power consumption rate is high. The report comprises nine chapters, including (1) the goal and background of research and development, (2) enhancement of research and development, (3) electrolytic oxidation of low coalification degree coal, (4) methane fermentation, (5) prospect of practical application, (6) reference materials and list of literature, and (7) reports on research tours overseas. (NEDO)

Basic survey project of advanced efficiency of energy consumption in developing countries. Cooperation survey of efficient consumption of petroleum (survey of industrial foundation in the Philippines); Hatten tojokoku energy shohi koritsuka kiso chosa nado jigyo sekiyu shohi koritsuka kyoryoku chosa. Philippine koku sangyo kiso chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1997-03-01

The purpose of the survey is to promote the international research cooperation projects from the survey stage, via demonstration research stage to the diffusion stage. Field surveys have been conducted to find out the needs of energy saving and environmental technology for the efficient consumption of petroleum in the developing countries with mass-consumption of petroleum in the future. The survey was conducted in the Philippines in the FY 1996. Next developing themes were proposed. The first theme was developing method of sugar plant. The magnesia method has been developed as a basic technology for cleaning sugar solution process instead of using lime. By the recycling method, the waste cake amount can be remarkably reduced. The second theme was electron beam exhaust gas treatment by a dry method of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of high concentration SOx and NOx in the fertilizer production plants. The third theme was the energy saving technology for SOx reduction of heating furnace for iron-steel by using an ultra energy saving-type regenerative burner. The last theme was chlorine bypass technology in cement industry, which would become an advanced technology development for the use of chlorine containing fuels in the near future. 40 refs., 36 figs., 79 tabs.

FY 1993 report on the results of the R and D of advanced function creation processing technology. Development of technology for corrosion prevention of the petroleum production system; 1993 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

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1994-03-01

In the study of a corrosion resistant high sensitivity gas sensor, the following two technologies are needed: decrease in impurities of materials for super-higher purity, and formation of films with physically high quality such as orientation and homogeneity. Experiments were made on laser excitation separation refining, CVD, laser ablation, super-high vacuum, etc. For the stabilized formation of high-adhesion thin/thick films, studies were carried out of the surface activation for processing substrate surface before film formation, interface counter diffusion in thin film formation process, and the technology for combination of these. The higher-order structure control of materials was attempted using the reaction field combined with the photochemical reaction by the high grade photon field, based on the molecular beam vapor-deposition technology under super-high vacuum. In the synthesis of materials by the photon combined reaction field, studies were made of the design/process of a dynamic device which reacts like pulse the photon/high pressure/strong magnetic field on carbonaceous materials and a static combined reaction field device by the stationary high pressure field. A study was commenced of a synthesis method in relation to fullerene with a new structure which has unique characteristics. (NEDO)

FY 1996 report on the results of the R and D of advanced function creation processing technology. Development of technology for corrosion prevention of the petroleum production system; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1997-03-01

Ti-Ni micro particle composite thick films could be synthesized using pulse evaporation type/magnetic field closed type evaporation source for both high hardness and high toughness. Corrosion resistant gradient composition thick films were obtained which change in composition from Ni to CrSi2 by on-substrate collision/serial sintering technology by micro particles produced by hybrid-plasma. The following were conducted: synthesis of micro particles by laser induction vapor phase reaction, formation of collision of airsol particles, and development of the continuous creation process of nano structure advanced materials by continuous combination of microwave sintering. As the higher-order structure control technology in the molecular beam complex reaction field, studies were made of photochemical reaction, effects of magnetic field on other-molecular reaction, and functional control technology. The molecular/higher-order structure control by photochemical reaction was an important factor for sensor function improvement of the formed thin film. Photon/pressure complex reaction field device was developed and an experiment was made on the material synthesis. The diamond/cBN solid solution synthesis, etc. were conducted and the hardness next to diamond was obtained. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 industrial science and technology R and D project. Research report on R and D of genome informatics technology (Development of stable oil supply measures using complex biosystem); 1998 nendo genome informatics gijutsu kenkyu kaihtsu seika hokokusho. Fukugo seibutsukei riyo sekiyu antei kyokyu taisaku kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

This report describes the fiscal 1998 result on development of genome informatics technology. As comparative analysis technique of genes, the combination of electrophoresis and PCR was used. For improvement of the throughput and reproducibility of the technique, module- shuffling primers were used, and the multi(96)-arrayed capillary fragment analyzer was devised. The system detecting SNPs rapidly was also developed successfully. As analysis technology of DNA sequence by use of triple- stranded DNA formation, study was made on construction of long cDNA libraries, selective subtraction of specific sequences from libraries, and the basic technology of homologous cloning. Study was also made on each reaction step of IGCR technique for fast analysis, and specifications of a fluorescence transfer monitor. As modeling technique of genetic sequence information, the simulation model was developed for gene expression regulatory networks during muscle differentiation, and feedback regulation of period genes. Such support systems as transcription factor prediction and gene regulatory network inference were developed from existing data. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 industrial science and technology R and D system. R and D report on human media / R and D on the advanced information system technology for oil refinery plants; 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu, sekiyu plant kodo johoka system gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

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1999-03-01

As a part of R and D on human media, this report describes the fiscal 1998 result on development of the advanced information system for oil refinery plants. The R and D on human media have been promoted toward construction of a new information system around human beings by advanced integrated media technology since fiscal 1994. The whole concept is body sensation-, heart sensation- and knowledge- friendly media. For safe operation of oil refinery plants, this project develops (1) the intelligent monitoring of measuring instrument information and image information, (2) the display and guidance for facilitating collection of operation data by operator, (3) the modeling for efficient management of previous data and their effective use for current operations, and (4) the autonomous cooperative control technology. In fiscal 1998, the following subsystems were designed and prepared: The interface agent, virtual plant display interface, semantic representation interface, ontology, distributed cooperative processing technology, plant model and interface system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on the venture business assisting type regional consortium - Minor business creation base type. Development of environmentally friendly chromium-free plating technology and research on its practical application; 1999 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho. Kankyo ni yasashii kuromu daitai mekki gijutsu kaihatsu to sono jitsuyoka kenkyu

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2001-03-01

In this research, the seeds provided by Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture and Nomura Plating Co., Ltd., relative to their plating processes using ion exchange membranes and metal anodes are utilized. Efforts are made to prolong the bathing life of the Ni-W alloy plating solution, to put the plating bath in an enclosure, to develop a chromium-free plating technology wherewith bating life is longer, environmental impact is smaller, and resistance to corrosion is higher, and experiments and tests are conducted for industrialization and for the practical application of the developed technologies. At Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture, electrolytic Ni-W alloy plating was taken up. An insoluble anode separated from the plating solution by a cation exchange membrane and plural metal anodes were brought into a new process and, into the same, novel technologies were further introduced, which were a metal ion supply method in which the distribution of current to 3 anodes was regulated and the employment of a sacrificial anode decomposition agent. The new process was investigated for its validity and difficulties. Furthermore, Ni-W-P alloy plating was studied and a mirror-like Ni-W-P alloy plate was developed in a phosphorous acid added bath without detriment to the non-waste solution plating process, and the plate exhibited high corrosion resistance in a CASS (copper-accelerated acetic acid salt spray) test. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on fuel cell system); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

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1975-03-01

In this paper, surveys were conducted on 'the developmental situation of the body of fuel cell' and 'the performance required for the inverter connecting fuel cell and electric power system and the peripheral device, and fuel cell.' However, the economical evaluation was to be made at an appropriate time, and the FY 1974 survey was limited to the technology. The results of the investigational study made based on the above-mentioned policy were described in and after Chapter 2. In Chapter 2, described were the prospects of fuel cell and the guide for this fiscal year. In Chapter 3, the relative evaluation of various kinds of fuel cells in terms of the following: electrode structure, catalyst, cell stack, auxiliary machine, dynamic characteristics of cell, efficiency, life, reliability, maintenance, safety, environmental safety, construction cost, maintenance/running cost, and material cost. In Chapter 4, the present technical situation of inverter and the peripheral device, and the situation of the future R and D in Japan and abroad. In Chapter 5, the positioning of the fuel cell system in the hydrogen energy system, and various kinds of performance required for structural elements. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on area consortium research and development business, 1st year. Area consortium energy research and development (biofuel production by advanced function bioreactor); 1998 nendo chiiki consortium energy bun'ya. Kokino bio reactor ni yoru bio nenryo seisan ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

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1999-03-01

Studies were made to produce ethanol directly from starch and cellulose and to collect biodiesel fuels from waste oil by an enzymatic method. For an increase in the yield of biodiesel fuel production, lipase enzymes were explored and optimum reaction conditions were sought for. Starch decomposition was quick for conversion into the target material in a system with the co-expression of amylase and glucoamylase present on the yeast cell surface layer. There was dramatically rapid progress in the increase of enzymatic activity in the cell, although dependent on cell membrane surface treatment conditions. In the generation of acetaminophen by recombinant cohesive yeasts, highly active and expressive yeasts were automatically fixed in the porous support (intelligent bioreactor) while those deactivated or dead were automatically removed. For the construction of a fuzzy control system for this reaction, basic models were investigated, built on the basis of the enzymatic model of reaction and substance balance. A high-precision structural analysis was conducted for the exploration of secondary structure stabilizing factors in protein and peptide and for the elucidation of correlations between structure and function. (NEDO)

FY 1991 Report on the results of the research and development of the processing technologies for creating advanced functions. Development of the technologies for preventing corrosion of oil production systems; 1991 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1992-03-01

The research and development project has been started to develop the technologies for superhigh-purity separation/processing; controlling ultrafine crystal particles, including creating composites by the aid of a plasma laser; synthesizing highly functional organic materials; and supporting these technologies, for creating functions, e.g., advanced sensing functions, highly functional electromagnetic characteristics, and corrosion resistance, heat resistance and high strength. The R and D program for the technologies for superhigh-purity separation/processing covers development of highly corrosion-resistant, high-sensitivity gas sensors and highly functional thin oxide film sensors. The R and D program for controlling ultrafine crystal particles covers the researches on the technologies for creating inclined structures by the ion composite vapor-phase process, and the technologies for producing composites by the aid of a plasma laser. The R and D program for the organic material synthesis technologies includes researches on the technologies for controlling higher structures in a molecular beam composite reaction field, and on the technologies for synthesizing materials in a photon composite reaction field and in an interfacial composite reaction field. The R and D program for the supporting technologies includes the researches on the technologies for diagnosing a composite reaction field by the laser-aided ionization method. In the FY 1991, which is essentially the first year for the project, the efforts are directed to designs and construction of the required facilities, and preliminary tests. (NEDO)

Research report of fiscal 1997. Basic research project on energy saving in developing countries (cooperative research on oil saving / basic research on the industry of Thailand); 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Hatten tojokoku energy shohi koritsuka kiso chosa nado jigyo sekiyu shohi koritsuka kyoryoku chosa (Taikoku sangyo kiso chosa hokokusho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Field research was made for oil saving in Thailand. To promote energy saving in a textile industry as main export industry, its motivation for production stuff is essential in business improvement. Proposal for work improvement, supply system of bonuses, and small-group activity are effective. Management of an energy consumption rate is essential in business management. Use of efficient waste water treatment equipment is also one of the issues. In food factories, various scopes for improvement are still found by mass/heat balance analysis in production process. As an example, a large amount of water is consumed in vain for washing raw rice in a rice powder factory, and separation of SS precipitate from waste water should be improved. Because of lagoon treatment, an effluent standard is not achieved in spite of consumption of wasteful aeration power. This treatment is reasonable because of its scale and site, although the standard can be achieved by activated sludge method. Reconsideration of the standard is also necessary based on a local total BOD load capacity. The profitability of a methane fermentation method should be examined. 72 figs., 95 tabs.

FY 1992 report on the results of the demonstration test on the methanol conversion at oil-fired power plant. Demonstration test on a methanol reformation type power generation total system; 1992 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken. Metanoru kaishitsu gata hatsuden total system jissho shiken

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1993-03-01

For the promotion of introduction of methanol to oil-fired power plant, based on the results of the element study, operational study was conducted of a 1,000kW class total system plant for which each of the elements was combined, and the FY 1992 results were summarized. In the operational study, data on various kinds of operational study were sampled of each of the simple cycle/regeneration cycle of liquid methanol and simple cycle/regeneration cycle of gas methanol. As to the reformed gas/water injection/regeneration cycle, all functions as a total system plant worked normally, and it was confirmed that the reformed gas/water injection/regeneration cycle operation could be made possible. Besides, the following were conducted: confirmation test on the performance of the developmental catalyst used in the operational study by bench-scale test device, trial operation for adjustment of gas turbine and combustion study such as the performance test in each cycle, manufacture/study of catalyst for the total system, study for longevity of catalyst for the total system, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1992 report on the results of the demonstration test on the methanol conversion at oil-fired power plant. Developmental study of a methanol engine system for power generation; 1992 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken. Hatsuden you metanoru enjin system no kaihatsu kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1993-03-01

For the purpose of establishing the methanol engine technology for promotion of methanol introduction to oil-fired power plant, an experimental study was made, and the FY 1992 results were summarized. In the study of technology development, the following were carried out: evaluation of durability of multi glow plug and development of high-durability glow plug, confirmation of potentiality of the laser ignition system by element evaluation test, evaluation/improvement of durability of the injection system and development of injection pump for the actual machine, trial manufacture of the 2-stage injection system and confirmation of characteristics, study of improvement in ignitability/combustion state by optimization of the temperature of glow plug, compression rate, etc., evaluation of durability of combustion chamber, etc. by the heat load measuring test and heat balance, etc. As a result of the engine test, the pump housing stayed favorable without damage in the use of about 20,000h, plunger assembly did in the use of about 4,500h, and valve assembly did in the use of about 20,000h. As to the manufacture of the actual machine, a prototype was designed/manufactured of a 500kW class direct injection 4 cycle supercharging 6 cylinder methanol engine. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1990 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Research and development of advanced composite materials using oil as raw material); 1990 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu genryokei senshin fukugo zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Efforts were made to develop technologies of oil based C/C (carbon/carbon) composites. In a comprehensive survey, studies were conducted of the trends of associated technologies and tasks to discharge for the development of materials usable at ultrahigh temperatures. For the development of advanced composite materials, efforts were exerted to develop technologies in the three fields of (1) oil pitch derived random structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, (2) oil pitch derived onion structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, and (3) oil pitch derived double structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials. In Field (1), random structure fiber manufacturing conditions were studied, basics of their relations with fiber thermal properties and the like were understood, carbon fibers were provided with surface coating, and studies were made to enhance the oxidation resistance of carbon fibers. In Field (2), fiber forming conditions were studied and their relations with fiber physical properties, such as strength, in an oxidizing atmosphere were grasped. In Field (3), manufacturing conditions and their relations with fiber physical properties were learned, and a technology was developed to manufacture composite rods. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 survey report. Basic survey project on international cooperation for energy consumption efficiency improvement (Project on cooperation for oil consumption efficiency improvement - Fiscal 1999 survey report on Indonesia); Kokusai energy shohi koritsuka nado kyoryoku kiso chosa jigyo / sekiyu shohi koritsuka kyoryoku chosa jigyo. 1999 nendo Indonesia chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

The project aims to contribute to the promotion of international research cooperation ranging from the survey stage through the stages of verification study and popularization, and, for this purpose, it conducts on-site investigations for exploring needs for environmentally-friendly energy-saving technologies in developing countries where there will be massive-scale oil consumption in the future. In this report, surveys and deliberations are conducted to embody proposed measures, and findings are compiled, based on the surveys conducted in the preceding financial year relating to energy efficiency in and environmental technologies for the textile and chemical industries. Much is expected from the proposed measures as promising subjects of joint verification researches. A technology is proposed for energy saving in the textile industry of Indonesia. The technology aims to wash cloth using high-pressure water from a special nozzle, to continuously measure the level of contamination of the waste water, and to feed back the measured values to the water supply side for the automatic optimization of the amount of the washing water and for the utilization of warm waste water for the ultimate purpose of cascade-aided energy saving. As for the proposition for recovering chemicals mainly caustic soda, it achieves environmental improvement and energy saving in the chemical industry simultaneously. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Research and development of advanced composite materials using oil as raw material); 1993 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu genryokei senshin fukugo zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

There was a progress in the development of oil based C/C (carbon/carbon) composite technology. Studied in a comprehensive endeavor were coordination between various technology developing activities, surveys of trends of relevant technologies, and technological tasks to discharge for the development of materials usable under extreme environments. Technologies developed for advanced composite materials involved (1) oil pitch derived random structure carbon fibers, (2) oil pitch derived onion structure carbon fibers, and (3) oil pitch derived double structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials. Under item (1), random structure carbon fibers were examined for high reproducibility of physical properties, continuous surface coating technology for fibers, and weavability. Under item (2), onion structure carbon fibers were studied for development into C/C composite reinforced fibers. Under item (3), the mechanical structure of double structure carbon fibers was clarified, and C/C composite materials were fabricated using experimental prepregs worked out after studying matrix composition and impregnation techniques. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Research and development of advanced composite materials using oil as raw material); 1991 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu genryokei senshin fukugo zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Development of oil based C/C (carbon/carbon) composite technology was carried out. In a comprehensive survey, studies were conducted of the trends of associated technologies and tasks to discharge for the development of materials usable under ultrahigh temperature environments. For the development of advanced composite materials, efforts were exerted to develop technologies in the three fields of (1) oil pitch derived random structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, (2) oil pitch derived onion structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, and (3) oil pitch derived double structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials. In Field (1), physical properties and the like of a specimen fiber were clarified by studying conditions for manufacturing random structure carbon fibers, and the specimen was provided with a surface coating for the study of oxidation resisting performance improvement. In Field (2), onion structure carbon fiber forming conditions and basic technologies for structure manifestation were established, and basics of fiber surface coating technology were studied. In Field (3), double structure carbon fiber forming conditions were studied, specimen fabrication was carried out, and fiber surface coating technology was studied. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1989 achievement report on next-generation industrial structure technology. Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments (Research and development of advanced composite materials using oil as raw material); 1989 nendo chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu genryokei senshin fukugo zairyo no kenkhyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1990-03-01

The research and development of advanced composite materials succeeds the composite material development project initiated in fiscal 1981, and activities were conducted in the two domains of advanced composite material development and comprehensive survey implementation. In the comprehensive survey, trends of associated technologies were investigated, and technical tasks were studied relative to the development of advanced materials. In the effort to develop advanced composite materials, activities were conducted in the three fields of (1) oil pitch derived random structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, (2) oil pitch derived onion structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials, and (3) oil pitch derived double structure carbon fiber/carbon based matrix composite materials. In Field (1), relations between conditions of forming carbon fibers out of pitch and carbon fiber random structure were elucidated, and development was started of technologies for providing fibers with oxidation resisting surface coatings. In Field (2), relations between conditions of forming carbon fibers out of pitch and carbon fiber onion structure were elucidated, and development was started of technologies for providing fibers with oxidation resisting surface coatings. In Field (3), efforts were started to elucidate oxidation resistance governing factors. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the R and D of 'frontier carbon technology.' R and D of a system to support production of undersea oil; 2000 nendo 'tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu' no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-05-01

This report summarized the results of the FY 2000 R and D of frontier carbon technology (FCT). In Chapter 1, technology of original production of substances, new carbon-base substances such as hetero-diamond and carbon nitride with high-grade and various characteristics are synthesized. And, the following are also established: method to synthesize nanotubes, etc. in quantity, technology to control interatomic bonding, technology to control hetero-element replacement, etc. BCN films were obtained by film formation by changing the gas component ratio of diborane, methane and nitrogen by the electron beam excitation CVD method. The sp{sup 3} bonding control in carbon film was advanced. By reacting benzene with raw materials using nickel phthalocyanine as catalyst, carbon nanotube with a 60nm diameter was obtained. Using ECRCVD device, carbon fiber was synthesized on Si substrate. In Chapter 2, original production process technology of mechanical high function materials, subjects are as follows: composition gradient film forming technology, complicated morphology film formation/micro processing technology, technology to apply carbon-base materials to tribology. The application of the materials to the movable part of various industrial machines is considered by making use of characteristics such as low friction and low abrasion which are expected of amorphous carbon, diamond, carbon nitride, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 research report. Research trend survey for next-generation industrial structure technology research and development project - Research and development of advanced materials for extreme environments; 1991 nendo jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu project ni kakawaru kenkyu doko chosa hokokusho. Chotaikankyosei senshin zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekitoku sekiyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Efforts were exerted to develop intermetallic compounds and advanced C/C (carbon/carbon) composite materials usable under extreme environments such as high temperatures. In relation with advanced composite materials, especially with projects for developing composite materials using oil as raw material, a survey was conducted of the three fields of (1) summarization of activities conducted up to fiscal 1991, (2) contents of associated aerospace projects, and (3) oil based composite material technology. In Field (1), past achievements are summarized. In Field (2), aerospace projects under way across the world are broken down by airframe and engine, and are reviewed from the viewpoint of needs for materials. In Field (3), the present and future of heat resisting thermosetting composite materials, thermoplastic composite materials, and C/C composites are discussed. Characteristics such materials are supposed to finally assume and tasks to discharge for technical development are also taken up. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on regional consortium research and development project. Regional consortium research on energy (Research and development of biofuel production using highly functional bioreactor - 2nd year); 1999 nendo kokino bio reactor ni yoru bio nenryo seisan ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (dai 2 nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

Microbes capable of a high biodiesel fuel (BDF) yield from moisture-containing oils assumedly waste oil are investigated. Lipase attributed to Rhizopus oryzae exhibits a high reaction rate of not lower than 90%. The process functions even when microbes are immobilized by BSPs. BDF does not affect driving performance, and black smoke is reduced. A process basic to industrial production is developed by use of a fixed bed reactor. In the production of ethanol from starch thanks to plural kinds of glucoamylase producing yeast, ethanol is produced at a rate of 7-8% under microaerophilic conditions in both proliferation and fermentation periods, which means a success achieved in growing arming yeast equipped with enhanced functions. A 20-liter class bench plant is installed and immobilization by BSPs is tested, when no problem is detected. In a reaction involving these immobilized microbes, a reaction rate near 16% is achieved. In the production of ethanol by yeast immobilized by BSPs, use of a fuzzy control system is studied, and it is found that prolonged stability is available when glucose concentration is sustained at 10-20g/liter. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and researches on peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell systems); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This paper discusses hydrogen fuel cell systems. In the economic performance of fuel cells, the ratio of fuel cost accounting for in the power generation cost is as very high as 66% or higher to 82%, if hydrogen unit cost is in the range of 20 to 50 yen per Nm{sup 3}. Enhancing the power generation efficiency contributes more greatly to reduction of the power generation cost than by reducing the construction cost. There should be no much influence on the power generation cost if a system lasts four to five years. The paper also discusses the discrete type power generation system. Discussions were given on a waste heat recovering fuel cell system using as the model an office building of 16 stories above the ground, with one basement and a total floor area of 16,000 m{sup 2}. If the system can be constructed in such a way that the fuel cell capacity is made slightly larger than that corresponds to power load, and whole air conditioning load can be taken care only by waste heat by using a heat pump, the auxiliary heat source can be made smaller, and the overall fuel conservation ratio can be larger, thus the fuel was found saved by 40% than in existing systems. In using hydrogen in automobiles, weight problem will emerge if high-pressure hydrogen or metallic hydride is used for hydrogen storage. Liquefied hydrogen is light in weight, but large in volume. Development is desired on high-performance hydrogen absorbing alloys. (NEDO)

Survey report on the status of new energy in the U.S. On-site research centering on fuel cell, hydrogen energy, and wind energy (Westinghouse Electric Corporation); Beikoku shin energy jijo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi, suiso furyoku energy wo chushin to suru jicchi chosa (Westinghouse Electric Corporation hen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1982-02-01

Under the auspices of the New Energy Foundation and the New Energy Industrial Forum technical development committee, a survey team is sent to the U.S. and conducts investigations there about fuel cells, hydrogen production, wind power generation, etc. Visited in the U.S. are the Advanced Energy System Division of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. As for the phosphoric acid fuel cell, research and development is under way so that two 7.5MW demonstration plants will start service operation by 1987. As for the solid oxide fuel cell, a performance test has completed for a 15-cell model, and a life test is now under way. There is a plan to construct a 500kW plant in 1988. In the production of hydrogen by means of the sulfur hybrid decomposition process, a laboratory model with a capacity of 2L/min was built in 1978, and a life test is now under way for the constituent materials and catalysts. In the field of wind power, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation has developed a 200kW generator, which is now in operation in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, and Hawaii. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the research and development project for the photon-aided instrumentation and processing technologies. Research and development of the advanced instrumentation and processing technologies for oil production systems; 2000 nendo photon keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system kodo keisoku kako gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-03-01

Described herein are the FY 2000 results of development of the photon-aided instrumentation and processing technologies, as part of development of the advanced instrumentation and processing technologies for oil production systems. The program for the microscopic processing technology combines iodine and YAG laser beams as the high-power laser beams of wavelength of the order of 1{mu}m, in order to realize laser-aided welding of high-quality thick plates, the welding demonstration tests producing good results; improves an in-process monitoring sensor, to confirm its high reliability; and improves size controllability for ultrafine semiconductor particles for development of quantum functional optoelectronic devices, and extends the electric conductivity for production of the transparent conducting films. The program for the non-destructive composition measuring technology develops a light source which produces short wavelength ray of sufficient brightness; produces three-dimensional CT images with a resolution of 2{mu}m, and is developing superconducting X-ray detectors. The program for the high-power all-solid-state laser technology starts development of a rod-type oscillation-controlling laser which can provide mixed operations of CW, pulsed and Q-switched oscillation modes at an average power of 1kW level. The program for the tightly-focusing all-solid-state laser technology develops the prototype of disk type fiber laser using silica fibers of rectangular cross-section, which produces a power of 103W, and starts development of a laser diode. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 regional consortium R and D project (Regional consortium field). Report on R and D of production technology of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials (1st fiscal year); 1998 nendo chiiki konsoshiamu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Chiiki konsoshiamu bun'ya (hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

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1996-03-01

This project aims at development of high-strength high- biocompatible {beta}-type Ti alloy with lower modulli of elasticity composed of non-toxic elements, phosphate calcium ceramics for improving the biocompatibility and coating technology, and establishment of production technology of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials. In fiscal 1998, the project promoted the following: Design of high-biocompatible {beta}-type Ti alloy materials, development of thermomechanical treatment for improving dynamic characteristics of such alloy, survey on practical melting and casting technologies and dental precision casting process, evaluation of the biocompatibility of the alloy by cytotoxicity, selection of tools for precision machining and surface finishing, control of contents, orientation and precipitation of biocompatible crystals such as {beta}- Ca(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} fibers for further improvement of the biocompatibility. This paper also outlines the survey results on the market needs, market size and market share for the feasibility of these materials. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 1/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 1/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include a test of the motor-operated valve, individual test of the gasification furnace circulation water pump, individual test of the motor for the same, individual test of the SGC (syngas cooler) circulation water pump, individual test of the coal feeder rotary valve, individual test of the foreign matters extraction rotary valve, individual test of the foreign matters classifier, individual test of the char feeder rotary valve, individual test of the slag conveyer, individual test of the slag vibrator, individual test of the slag crusher, individual test of the slag separation tank exhaust blower, individual test of the slag separator water pump, test of gasification furnace interlocking, verification test of alert for the same, test of gasification furnace system pressure rise, test of oxygen line ventilation, test of comprehensive purge master sequence, verification test of distribution performance of the distributor, test on char system rock hopper pressure application and pressure release, test of pneumatic actuator valve loop, actual operational test of the soot blower, and an individual test of the receiving conveyer. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 3/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 3/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include a test operation of the expansion turbine in the air separation facility, test operation of the lubricating oil pump for the expansion turbine in the same, test operation of the oxygen compressor in the same, test operation of the medium pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, test operation of the lubricating oil pump for the medium pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, test operation of the high pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, performance verification test for the air separation facility, sequence test for upper/lower stage normal pressure coal hopper purge master in the gasification facility, sequence test for upper/lower stage initial coal loading master in the same, sequence test for char system rock hopper pressure application master in the same, sequence test for gasification furnace light oil leak check master in the same, sequence test for coal rock hopper pressure application master in the same, sequence test for upper/lower coal rock hopper coal reception master in the same, sequence test for slag hopper quenching operation master in the same, and sequence test for gasification steam drum water filling master in the same. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 report on technological results. Development of fuel cell technology such as urban energy center (Survey for practical development of optical system of decentralized power source for residential use); 1994 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Minseiyo bunsangata dengen saiteki system jitsuyoka kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1995-05-01

Feasibility study was conducted on the technology for practical application of a several kW class fuel cell for the people's livelihood, particularly, for residential use. The study was made in six areas consisting of study on the present state of technology, conceptual design of a small fuel cell, survey on a promising market, basic concept of cell for residential use, feasibility study on application and on introduction. There is no record of development of the several kW class; while the fuel cell excels in the efficiency of energy utilization and the environmental conservation, its performance greatly deteriorates by start and stop under the present technology. Accordingly, it is a prerequisite that the equipment is for an electric heat combined type and for system interconnection. Also, while it is proper that the cell is phosphate type and that the fuel is natural gas, an innovation is necessary in the technology for reforming the cell and the fuel. The conceptual design revealed the possibility of a power generation system having a generating efficiency of 32%, exhaust heat recovery rate of 30%, and dimension of 75x65x150 cm. On the basis of a feasibility study on the application to the combination of a house and a beauty parlor, an advantage was recognized in the fuel unit cost of 5 yen/meal and the equipment cost of 200-250 thousand yen/kW, with demand estimated for 2.5 million installations nationwide including 950 thousand in natural gas supply districts. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 2/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 2/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include an individual test of the receiving pit hopper vibrator, individual test of the pulverized coal related rotary valve, individual test of the pretreatment compressed air fan, individual test of the coal pulverizer lubricating device, individual test of the coal pulverizer pressure device, individual test of the coal pulverizer, individual test of the coal pulverizer motor, individual test of the coal feeder, individual test of the pulverized coal bunker exhaust fan, individual test of the pulverized coal bunker exhaust fan motor, test of capacity for pulverized coal, individual test of the pulverized coal conveyer blower, test of the sequence of the same, test of pulverizer inert clearing, individual test of the pretreatment condensed water pump in the coal pretreatment device, test of airborne conveyance in the same, verification test of inter-hopper transfer in the same, test of coal pulverization in the same, test operation of the raw material air/low pressure nitrogen compressor in the air separation facility, test operation of the raw material air freezer in the same, and a test operation of the MS adsorber/MS regeneration electric heater. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Research and development of polymer electrolyte fuel cell module (Development of 10kW-class transportable power source system of high current density type); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, kodenryu mitsudogata 10kW kyu kahangata dengen system no kaihatsu

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1999-03-01

For the development by the end of fiscal 2000 the above-named system which will operate on methanol/air (normal atmospheric pressure) yielding 0.3W/cm{sup 2} or more, efforts are exerted about a high-lamination type PEFC (polymer electrolyte fuel cell) module and a lamination type methanol reformer, this project carried over from fiscal 1997. In relation with the PEFC module, platinum loading was reduced (by 60% from the amount in fiscal 1997) by catalytic layer improvement, cell characteristics were improved, continuous load imposition was performed using a reformed simulation gas, life test was conducted consisting of frequent starts and stops, lamination was built using shaping separators, and a 2kW-class stack was built and evaluated for performance. Next to come is a test run of a 5kW-class stack. In relation with the lamination type methanol, element components were tested. A reformer section and a catalytic combustion section were designed, manufactured, and tested, and a vaporizer section and a CO reduction section were evaluated for performance and life. A 2kW-rate lamination type methanol reformer was designed and built by integrating the said element components, and was subjected to a test run for performance evaluation. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Results of research and development project for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Development of high current density type 10kW class portable power source systems; 1999 nendo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kodenryu mitsudogata 10kW kyu kahangata dengen system no kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the research and development project aimed at development of multi-stacked PEFC modules and plate-stack type methanol reformers, and researches on portable power source systems, for development of methanol-air 10kW class (over 0.3W/cm{sup 2}) PEFC systems for portable use by the end of the FY 2000. The programs for the multi-stacked PEFC modules include improvement of tolerance against CO by improvement of catalyst bed and gas passage structures; development of a multi-stacked 5kW class stack structured to prevent fuel starvation; endurance tests conducted at a constant load using a simulated methanol reformate gas; and development, on a trial basis, of the stack using a formed separator. The programs for the plate-stack type methanol reformers include development, on a trial basis, of reforming catalysts integrated with flow passages, combustion catalysts and CO oxidation catalysts, and endurance evaluation tests for the reformer elements. The researches on portable power source systems include studies on, e.g., system control/behavior and efficiency, and basic system designs. The performance and environment endurance tests are also conducted for auxiliary equipment, e.g., blowers. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of human media under the industrial and scientific technology research and development institution. Research and development of a high-level petroleum plant information system technology; 1999 nendo human media no kenkyu kaighatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu plant kodo johoka system gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1999 on development of a high-level petroleum plant information system technology as part of the research and development of human media. Structuring has been performed on a prototype system comprising two stages: the phase 1 system of the single-element concentration and control type and the phase 2 system of the multi-agent type for the original fusing purpose. Relative to the interface agent, development has been made on a function for fusing, voice interactive function was realized, and personifying agent function was operated on a trial basis. In addition, a database server for large-scale cases was developed. Coordination with other agents and interactive operation were realized by making autonomic the hypothetical plant display interface. Dynamic task sharing was realized by means of discrete coordination processing. A server and a message producing system were completed, by which the processing can be progressed in coordination by having multiple number of agents share the ontology and the object models based thereon. The definition display interface was mounted for the discretely coordinating environment. (NEDO)

General report of entrustment investigation for demonstration tests of turnover from oil to methanol in the thermal power plants in fiscal 1995. Total assessment of methanol using power generation technology; 1995 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho methanol tenkan nado jissho shiken itaku gyomu hokokusho sokatsu hokokusho. Methanol riyo hatsuden gijutsu sogo hyoka chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1996-03-01

To promote the introduction of methanol fuel into the thermal power plants, total assessment was provided. For calculating the methanol production cost, the plant was assumed to be constructed in the Southeast Asia or Middle East. Two methods, i.e., steam reforming and gaseous phase fluid methods, were investigated. Since the price of natural gas is low in the Middle East, the methanol production cost by the gaseous phase fluid method is estimated to be about 1.5 yen per thousand kcal. The transportation cost can be reduced into one-half to one-third of current cost using a large-scale tanker. Although the heating value of methanol per weight is lower than that of LNG, the volume flow of methanol is similar to that of LNG due to its low specific gravity. Conceptual designs were conducted for some power generation systems, such as gas turbine of combined cycle, diesel engine, and fuel cell. The power generation cost was estimated to be 8 to 9 yen per kWh, which depends on the receiving price of methanol. It is nearly equivalent to that of LNG combined cycle power generation. There are no problems of air pollution and ash disposal. When considering the long-term security of energy sources, the use of methanol would be one of the selections as utilization of natural gas. 6 refs., 33 figs., 25 tabs.

Achievement report on industrial science and technology research and development in fiscal 2000. Research and development of synergy ceramics (Research and development of technology to prevent corrosion in petroleum production systems); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-03-01

Achievements in fiscal 2000 were put into order for research and development of synergy ceramics aimed at completion of high temperature energy materials and ultra-precision materials. Activities were taken in the following four areas: 1) materialization technologies and advanced assessment and design technologies, 2) application technologies, 3) common basic technologies, and 4) assessment on composite function manifestation process. In Item 1), discussions were given on ultra-precision materials, high temperature energy materials, member designing basic technologies, materials to detect stress and microfine destruction, pore pattern controlling porous materials, and self-restoration and self-lubrication functioning materials. In Item 2), discussions were given on material and light selection functioning materials, high abrasion resistant and easy-to-process materials, high performance resistance materials for electric power devices, and flexible sliding materials. In the material and light selection functioning materials, their material selecting function was manifested by controlling micro pores through xerogelation on inorganic and organic hybrids. In the assessment of the composite function manifesting process, the wet type forming process was assessed, that uses microfine powder for model parts assuming cut members. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Research and development project for quick-effect type international standards for creating new industries (Standardization of quality and testing methods of automobile fuels and lubricants); 1999 nendo sokkogata kokusai hyojun sosei kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho. Jidoshayo nenryo nado no seihin hinshitsu shiken hoho no hyojunka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

The research and development project is conducted for the method of evaluating the effects of fuel oils on automobile engines (combustion chamber deposit), testing of valve trains of diesel engines, and testing the effects of gasoline engine oil on oil seal rubber (oil seal compatibility), with the objective to propose the international standards. In the study of the combustion chamber deposit, the combustion chamber deposit method is applied to the road running mode, to clarify that this method is well correlated with the market conditions. In the study of wear of the valve train of diesel engines, the two diesel engine oils, now adopted by the European valve train wear testing method, are applied to the JASO testing method, to clarify that the JASO method is internationally applicable. It is concluded that these two methods can contribute to the international standardization. In the study of the oil seal compatibility, the effects of testing period and engine oil type are investigated, to clarify that this method should be further developed to serve as the international standard. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Part 1 - Construction and test operation); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Sono 1 - Koji shiken unten hen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, research and development was conducted of a coal gas production technology using the oxygen-blown coal gasification technology, and the fiscal 2001 results are put together. In the construction of the pilot test facility, work involved the road in the site, road illumination system installation in the site, and an unauthorized entry prevention system. In the construction of the coal gasification facility, work involved electrical instrumentation and painting for the coal feeding system, coal gasification furnace, heat recovery boiler, and so forth, and the installation of a series of devices was completed. In July following the completion, power was received and test operations were started, which included the operation of the coal gasification facility alone. Renting was started in August for the coal pretreatment facility, air separation facility, and the slag treatment device. In the study of the operation control technology for the oxygen-blown coal gasification furnace system, test operations were conducted based on the operating procedures prepared in the preceding fiscal year, which included a test operation performed for the pilot test facility alone. Parameters for equipment control obtained through the test operations, and improvements on operating steps carried out as required, were all reflected on the operating procedures. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1998. Basic research for promoting joint implementation, etc. (fuel change plan for No. 1 and No. 9 Irkutsk Heat and Power Co-Generation Plants, Irkutsk, Russia); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Roshia renpo Irkuktsk shu dai 1 go oyobi dai 9 go Irkutsk netsu heikyu hatsudensho nenryo tenkan keikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

A research is conducted to find out if efficiency will increase and greenhouse gas will decrease when fuel is changed from coal to gas at the above-named plants, and the economics of the plan is reviewed. The No. 1 plant comprises 18 coal-fired boilers with a total design capacity of 2985 tons/hour, and 8 steam turbine generators rated at 185MW, constructed in the 1940s. The No. 9 plant was constructed in the 1960s and 1970s. Four different modifications programs are drafted to study the fuel change plan. As the result, it is found that the addition of natural gas burning facilities to the existing heat and power co-generation plants and the modification of the existing boiler-related facilities will be low in earning rate and reliability, though excellent in budget size and cost efficiency; and that to dismantle the existing plants and to newly construct heat and power plants operating on gas turbines will bring about a higher earning rate, fuel cost reduction effect, and reliability, though such will cost more. (NEDO)

Industrial science and technology research and development institutions in fiscal 2000. Research and development of human media (Report on achievements in research and development of high-level information system for petroleum plant); 2000 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (sekiyu plant kodo johoka system gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Having selected a petroleum refining plant as a large and complex system, a system was developed, that is capable of operating safely and efficiently a plant even by young operators by utilizing the human media technology that realizes information environment having a sense of unity with humans. With this system, if an anomaly is detected in the plant condition, the agent and the operator talk with each other freely, and necessary items of information are displayed on a large screen from moment to moment according to the priority thereof. Activities were taken in the following nine areas: 1) the total system, 2) research on an interface agent, 3) research on hypothetic plant indication interface, 4) research on a discrete cooperative treatment technology, 5) research on plant models and interface systems, 6) research on plant ontology, 7) research on significance indication interface, 8) improvement of tools to structure a large-screen integrated indication system, and 9) investigations on technological trends in foreign countries. (NEDO)

Research and development project for large industrial technologies in fiscal 1992. Achievement report on research and development of an advanced function creating and processing technology (Development of a technology to prevent corrosion in petroleum production systems); 1992 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1993-03-01

In order to enhance durability and safety of members used in ocean bottom petroleum collecting systems, researches were made to create materials having excellent corrosion resistance, strength and heat resistance. In the research of a gas sensor to measure nature of drilled mud water, high corrosion resistance and sensitivity improvement in an infrared gas sensor was attempted through research and development of a high-purity and high-quality film forming technology. In the research of an inclination structure creating technology, researches were made on an interface control technology to enhance adhesion of substrates with ultra fine particle complexes. Developmental research was performed on materials by synthesizing the ultra fine particle complex and by injecting ions into the surface layer. In developing thick ceramics film or bulk having high functions, researches were carried out on a synthesizing technology using compound plasma, and a synthesizing technology using compound laser. In synthesizing high-function organic materials, researches were performed on a high-order structure control technology using the molecular beam compound reaction field, and on a material synthesizing technology using the photon compound reaction field and the interface compound reaction field. A compound reaction field diagnosis technology using the laser ionizing process was studied as a supporting technology. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the R and D of industrial scientific technology. R and D of synergistic ceramics (R and D of corrosion prevention technology for the petroleum production system); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Synergy ceramics no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

To heighten durability and safety of materials/parts for undersea oil drilling, the development of ceramic base materials was made by developing function harmony type process technology which harmonizes on a high grade contrary characteristics and various functions. The paper summed up the fiscal 1997 results. In the design of system formation, computational simulation technology was developed to the composite process and the diploid system. The development of multifunction simultaneous manifestation materials was trially made by the higher nano structure process. A study was made of control of microstructures of porous materials and matrix filling by the gas phase precipitation control. Proposed were selective control of grain growth from species crystals and the columnar particle orientation laminated structure of simultaneous manifestation of strength and toughness. By composite precipitation reaction control, studied were simultaneous dispersion of whisker and increase in density of matrixes, and harmonization with long fibers. Silicon nitride was trially made with low lubrication/friction coefficients and high strength. A simulation method for crack progress behavior evaluation was developed using a testing notched specimen heterogeneous microstructures. Analyses were made of brittle fracture mechanics and reliability evaluation. 273 refs., 344 figs., 29 tabs.

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999. Survey on trends in developing innovative technologies related to reducing CO2 emission in departments consuming great quantity of energy, such as petrochemical industry; 1999 nendo sekiyu kagaku kogyo nado energy tashohi bumon ni okeru CO{sub 2} sakugen ni kansuru kakushinteki gijutsu kaihatsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

A survey was performed on the state of developing energy saving and CO2 emission reducing technologies in the following fields: (1) distillation technologies, (2) combustion technologies, (3) heat transfer and conduction technologies, and (4) technologies to convert and fix generated CO2. While the technologies in the field (1) are of the matured domain, technologies providing 20 to 60% energy saving effect have been developed. In the field (2), gas turbine combustion can achieve an overall plant thermal efficiency of 50% or more, whereas a trial calculation indicates that CO2 emission can be reduced by 22%. Catalytic combustion is noticed as a measure to make low NOx emission possible. A composite type catalytic combustor for gas turbines demonstrated that NOx emission of less than 5 ppm can be achieved. In the field (3), energy saving effect higher by 52% than in the warm wind room heating system has been obtained. Development has been made on heat storing materials that have phase change temperature of higher than 80 degrees C and large latent heat storage quantity. In the field (4), researches are advanced in a TiO{sub 2} catalyst that uses sunlight. A catalyst that is methanated at high speed with CO2 conversion rate at nearly 100% has been developed. In methanol synthesis, a catalyst that has high selectivity even at low temperatures has been developed. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on project to develop technology related to new recycled products. Research and development of cover soil replacement process utilizing waste magazine papers for final disposal facility and soil flow-out prevention process; 2000 nendo zasshi koshi wo riyoshita saishu shobunjo muke fukudo daitai koho oyobi dojo ryushutsu boshi koho no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (kokaiyo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-03-01

Research and development has been made on a cover soil replacement process utilizing waste papers for final disposal facility and a soil flow-out prevention process. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000. In evaluating waste paper fibers and waste paper binder films, the safety level was assumed sufficiently high if the fibers are used for the cover soil replacement process for final disposal facility. However, films may have a possibility of destruction if force is applied by such as heavy machines running on the films, hence it must be avoided. According to the on-site scattering test using unattended mixed slurry spraying machine capable of being remotely controlled, the coverage was found good, and scattering of incineration residues can be prevented completely. With regard to monitoring of hydrogen sulfide gas, a system having a hydrogen sulfide sensor and GPS mounted on a slurry spraying machine capable of remote control operation was completed, and its usefulness was verified. By using a wastes disposal facility simulating device, investigations were performed on effects on seepage water and wastes when the cover soil replacing material utilizing waste papers is used, and on changes in the properties of the cover soil replacing material. (NEDO)

Report on achievement in the preceding research related to global industry technologies for the global industry technology research and development project. Research on gas systems substituting global warming gases such as PFC used in manufacturing semiconductors; 1998 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu ni kakawaru sendo kenkyu. Handotai seizo nado ni shiyosuru PFC nado no chikyu ondanka gas no daitai gas system no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

The present semiconductor manufacturing process uses a great amount of PFC having large global warming coefficients and extremely long atmospheric life. A research was made particularly on reduction of its emission from etching processes. After introducing how the semiconductor industry has been working conventionally on protection of the global environment, this paper makes clear the purpose and positioning of this preceding research, as well as how it is moved forward. The paper also reports the results of analyzing and discussing the exhaust gases from etching devices using several kinds of substitute PFC gases. Survey results are reported on the possibilities of new substitute gases, plasma decomposition and treatment of exhaust gases, reaction process simulation, and in-situ analyzing and evaluating technologies. Investigations were made on the possibility of using no PFC in wiring processes which consume greater amount of PFC, as well as on wiring techniques using inter-layer insulation film with low dielectric rate, a new wiring structure forming technology, new functional elements, circuits and systems in a wide range. Proposals were given on specific research and development themes and plans that begin in fiscal 1999. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the international standardization R and D. R and D of the standardization of a method to test acceleration life of phosphorous acid fuel cells; 1997 nendo seika hokokusho kokusai hyojun soseigata kenkyu kaihatsu. Rinsangata nenryo denchi no kasoku jumyo shiken hoho no hyojunka ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

As for fuel cells, which are expected as a new clean energy, the R and D are being proceeded with in various fields of the world, but the standardization has not been made both in Japan and abroad. In Japan, the situation is that the information on technical terms, indication method, performance test method, and environment/safety test methods of the phosphorous acid fuel cell power generation is publicly spread. In relation to the international promotion of fuel cells to be predicted, it is necessary to internationally standardize cells themselves which are a key component of fuel cell power generation facilities. Phosphorous acid fuel cells are expected of the earliest commercialization of all, but the common test method to evaluate life characteristics of the cell stack has not been established yet. In the R and D, for the purpose of internationally standardizing test methods to evaluate life characteristics of the cell stack, a study on the acceleration life test method of phosphoric acid fuel cells was conducted in terms of the technical trend, data, standard, etc. A plan was prepared on general rules of the method to test acceleration life at the cell reaction part of the small cell, and activities also were started for setting up a technical committee for the fuel cell power system in President`s Advisory Committee on Future Technology. 29 figs., 20 tabs.

Survey report on the status of new energy in the U.S. On-site research centering on fuel cell, hydrogen energy, and wind energy (4th World Energy Engineering Congress); Beikoku shin energy jijo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi, suiso furyoku energy wo chushin to suru jicchi chosa (dai 4 kai World Energy Engineering Congress)

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1982-02-01

A survey group dispatched by the New Energy Industrial Forum technical development committee conduct researches into the status of technologies in the U.S. relative to fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and wind energy. The group also attend the 4th World Energy Engineering Congress. As for the research and development of the phosphoric acid fuel cell, it is undertaken by the United Technology Corporation, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, and the Engelhard Corporation, each having its own peculiar technologies and thereby avoiding competition with others in one and the same domain. As for the molten carbonate fuel cell, the Argonne National Laboratory is entrusted with the control of technology development, and the Laboratory in turn requests the United Technology Corporation and Westinghouse Electric Corporation to develop technologies and systems. As for the solid oxide fuel cell, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation is entrusted with its development through the intermediary of the Argonne National Laboratory. As for hydrogen energy, the General Electric Company and Westinghouse Electric Corporation develop hydrogen production systems and the Brookhaven National Laboratory develops hydrogen storage systems using metallic hydrides. As for wind power generation, a Bendix-made 3,000kW wind power plant is visited and discussion is held on it. (NEDO)

FY 1984 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Survey of the potential quantity supplied of overseas resource (Survey of the usability of methanol); 1984 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken kaigai shigen kyokyu kano ryo chosa (Metanoru riyo kanosei chosa) seika hokokusho

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1985-03-01

The paper studied a scenario of the demand for power generation use methanol in Japan by grasping the situation of the utilization of methanol as fuel in the world, studying a scenario of power supply and the positioning of methanol power generation in Japan, doing a trial calculation of the breakeven price of power generation use methanol, etc. As to the usability of power generation use methanol as fuel, in the use for the reformed gas turbine and fuel cell, there is a possibility of making up for the disadvantage in fuel price by future technical development. For the fuel conversion at existing coal-fired power plants and the application of methanol to combined cycle and newly-installed boiler, it is necessary to have a substantial drop in methanol price. Taking an advantage that methanol can be transported in small size and easily be stored, methanol can possibly be used as fuel for dispersed power sources. The potential demand for petroleum substituting methanol is estimated at approximately 25 million t/y, assuming it to be 1/2 of the petroleum consumption amount. The present methanol market in the world is not so large for quantity use as fuel, and for the introduction, therefore, it is necessary to secure flexibility in supply. (NEDO)

FY 1984 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Survey of the potential quantity supplied of overseas resource (Survey of the potential quantity supplied of methanol); 1984 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken kaigai shigen kyokyu kano ryo chosa (Metanoru kyokyu kano ryo chosa) seika hokokusho

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1985-03-01

Based on the results of the survey of the potential quantity supplied of overseas resource which was made from FY 1981 to FY 1983, the paper predicted the world methanol supply plan, changes in the oil situation, economical efficiency of methanol and the competitive power with petroleum products, etc., and studied the time of potential supply, areas of potential supply and supply potential of power generation use methanol during the period toward 2000. In case the comparatively low crude oil price is predicted due to the energy supply/demand (Scenario A), the supply potential of power generation use methanol in four projects on methanol production taken up as trial calculation example is considered very low. Even in case the comparatively high crude oil price is predicted (Scenario C), it is in 1989 that the methanol market price becomes equivalent in heat quantity to the crude oil price. It is difficult to expect the potential before 1989. In case of the intermediate case between Scenario A and Scenario C (Scenario B), it is in 1993 that the methanol price becomes equivalent in heat quantity to the crude oil price. It is difficult to expect the potential before 1993. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 R and D on original advanced material creation technology (development of precise structure control materials for oil refinery improvement). R and D result report on multi-dimensional polymers; 1998 nendo dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisei kodoka seimitsu kozo seigyo zairyo kaihatsu) seika hokokusho. Tajigen kukan polymer no kenkyu kaihatsu

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1999-03-01

For development of radical-controlled synthesis technology of aromatic compounds using enzyme-related catalysts and synthesis technology of ordered compounds, and development of synthesis technology of new polymer groups with non-covalent bond linkages and new topological structures, this R and D on multi-dimensional polymers is promoting 2 research themes, (1) precise polymer synthesis technology using enzyme-related catalysts, and (2) chemical synthesis technology for polymers with non-covalent bond linkages and new topological structures. The joint research on (1) precise polymer synthesis technology using enzyme-related catalysts established the high-yield synthesis technology of phenol dimer first in the world. The joint research first studied the synthesis using 2,6-dimethylphenol as monomer through synthesis of phenol groups using ferrosalen, and obtained the mixture of polymer components more than 10,000 in molecular weight and low-molecular weight components by using 1,4- dioxane as solvent. (NEDO)

Report on results concerning development of supermetal technology, R and D of offshore oil production supporting system, and development of technology for aluminum-based high-anticorrosive microstructured metallic material (FY2000); Super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (2000 nendo). Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu (Aluminium kei kotaishokusei bisai kozo seigyo kinzoku zairyo gijutsu kaihatsu)

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2001-03-01

With the purpose of developing high strength and high-anticorrosive aluminum-based material through microstructure control, R and D was conducted, with fiscal 2000 results compiled. In the research of grain refinement mechanism, molten metal rolled stock was experimentally produced in which Mg content was varied 0-2.5 mass % with Al-2.5 mass % Mn as its base. As a result, a microstructure with an average grain size of about 3 {mu}m was obtained by processing the alloy through homogenization at 550 degrees C, cold rolling by 91% and the final treatment at 350 degrees C without Mg addition. Addition of Mg increased square grain boundaries in the microstructure, raising proof stress to about 180 MPa in Al-2.5%Mn-2.5%Mg alloy. In the research of development of the machining process, a rapid heating process was performed on a typical aluminum alloy, with the effect examined, by an alloy system or a plate thickness, on the electric power used and on the temperature reached. A rapidly heated aluminum alloy plate turned to have a microstructure with equi-axed grains of a uniform size, compared with a salt bath processed material heated at the same temperature. (NEDO)

FY 1982 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Survey of the potential supply amount of overseas resource (Survey of the potential supply amount of methanol); 1982 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken. Kaigai shigen kyokyu kano ryo chosa (Metanoru kyokyu kano ryo chosa) seika hokokusho

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1983-07-01

For the study of the potential supply amount of methanol as power generation use fuel, survey was conducted as case study on the following: Victorian brown coal of Australia, conversion of Arun natural gas to methanol at site in Indonesia, political/social/technical restrictions, supply scale, economical efficiency, etc. at the time of the supply to Japan. For the calculation of economical efficiency, it was assumed that the scale of methanol production was 5,000 t/d, that the plant operated years were 20 and that the price of acquisition of raw material was US$4-10/t in Victorian brown coal and US$1-4/t in Arun natural gas. As a result of the study, in the case of natural gas base methanol, the CIF Japan is lower than CIF prices of LNG and crude oil in case the price of acquisition of raw material is US$1/t, but is higher than those in case the price is US$2/t. In the case of brown coal base methanol, it was found that the CIF Japan could not be lower than CIF prices of LNG and crude oil even in case the price of acquisition of raw material is US$4/t, which is the lowest. (NEDO)

Report on the results of the fiscal 1997 R and D under consignment from NEDO of photon measuring/processing technology (R and D of petroleum production system high-grade measuring/processing technology); 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku photon keisoku kako gijutsu (sekiyu seisan system kodo keisoku kako gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

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1998-03-01

The R and D were conducted of high-strength and high-accuracy welding/joining technology using laser, technology to measure and assess the joining state of structures and defects around the surface of structures and inside structures by high accuracy and high resolution, and technology/equipment to generate a laser light source for the tool, which are all required to remarkably enhance safety/reliability of oil drilling facilities working in the severe environment. In fiscal 1997, as the R and D of oil production system high-grade measuring/processing technology, technical study, study of measures to be taken, operating experiment, assessment, examination, etc. were conducted on the following themes: 1) macroscopic processing technology (R and D of high-reliability laser welding technology), 2) non-destructive composition measuring technology (R and D of internal measurement and photoelectron spectroscopy using short-wavelength radiation), 3) tight-focusing all-solid-state laser technology (R and D of fiber laser), 4) tight-focusing all-solid-state laser technology (R and D of high-efficiency laser diode), and 5) comprehensive investigation of phonics engineering (investigation for photon-applied materials processing technology). 256 refs., 205 figs., 18 tabs.

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of solid polymer type fuel cells (Development of techniques for power generation systems and several tens kW class, distributed power source systems); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu / koden'atsugata su 10kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

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1999-03-01

The cells are tested using a CO-containing synthetic reforming gas in 1998, to verify the long-term characteristics of the solid polymer type fuel cells. The cells, equipped with the anode catalyst developed therefor, are tested for extended periods, to confirm the performance and stability in the synthetic gas flow. For development of the catalyst, the optimum content of Ru in the Pt and Ru alloy composition is determined. For the cell tests, the single- and 3-cell units are tested for extended periods. For verification of commercial viability of the stacked cell systems, the cell-humidifying techniques are developed, which can uniformly humidify each cell in the stacked unit with a number of cells, after investigating the effects of temporal changes in water permeability, pretreatment conditions and film thickness. These techniques are used to develop and operate a 10kW, stacked cell unit, which successfully generates power of 10.6 kW at the rated current density, exceeding the target of 10 kW. For development of design bases for compact fuel treatment system, the techniques which allow reduction of CO concentration to 10 ppm or less at high repeatability are developed. (NEDO)

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of solid polymer type fuel cells (Development of techniques for power generation systems and several tens kW class, distributed power source systems); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu / koden'atsugata su 10kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

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1999-03-01

The cells are tested using a CO-containing synthetic reforming gas in 1998, to verify the long-term characteristics of the solid polymer type fuel cells. The cells, equipped with the anode catalyst developed therefor, are tested for extended periods, to confirm the performance and stability in the synthetic gas flow. For development of the catalyst, the optimum content of Ru in the Pt and Ru alloy composition is determined. For the cell tests, the single- and 3-cell units are tested for extended periods. For verification of commercial viability of the stacked cell systems, the cell-humidifying techniques are developed, which can uniformly humidify each cell in the stacked unit with a number of cells, after investigating the effects of temporal changes in water permeability, pretreatment conditions and film thickness. These techniques are used to develop and operate a 10kW, stacked cell unit, which successfully generates power of 10.6 kW at the rated current density, exceeding the target of 10 kW. For development of design bases for compact fuel treatment system, the techniques which allow reduction of CO concentration to 10 ppm or less at high repeatability are developed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 phase 2 R and D report of WE-NET (International Clean Energy Network Using Hydrogen Conversion). Task 6. Development of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell supplied with pure hydrogen; 1999 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET) dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Task 6. Junsuiso kyokyu kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 research result on development of element technologies for a pure hydrogen fuel cell power system of nearly 45% in efficiency at terminal, and demonstration test result on the 30kW class polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system supplied with pure hydrogen. On cell voltage characteristics in high-utilization operation, study was made on degradation and corrosion caused by short supply of hydrogen by using a single cell. As a result, it was found out that reverse polarization of -3.0V has small effect, however, that of -0.7V causes corrosion and deterioration of cell characteristics in a short time. In operation using actual-size cells for the 30kW class plant, it was effective to wet cells on the air side. On hydrogen high-utilization operation technique, study was made on hydrogen recovery and recycle operation, anode outlet line closed operation, and anode recycle operation. In addition, some studies were made on specifications of auxiliary facilities for fuel cells, safety measures for fuel cells and humidity control of supplied hydrogen gas. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the research cooperation project - Research cooperation in developmental support for oil producing countries. Development of the new field of usage of Orinoco oil for fuel of gas turbine combined power generation; 2000 nendo san'yukoku kaihatsu shien kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. Gasu tabin fukugo hatsuden nenryo muke Orinoko oil no shin yoto kaihatsu

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2001-09-01

For the purpose of spreading the usage of Orinoco crude oil which is suffering from sluggishness in the export and heightening the economical efficiency in Venezuela, research cooperation was made for a project for reduction of the power cost and environmental loads in Japan by producing the advanced gas turbine use fuel oil from Orinoco oil and exporting it to Japan. In this project, conducted were the technical verification that the gas turbine use fuel oil (GTF) can be produced from Orinoco oil and the economical verification based on the result thereof. As a result of the technical verification, it was confirmed that from the Orinoco crude oil which is heavy, high in sulfur and high in heavy metal concentration, a refined oil satisfying the following properties of the advanced gas turbine fuel oil could be trial-produced using the distilling unit, SDA unit, desulfurizer and de-metaling unit: vanadium concentration: 0.5 wtppm or below; sodium + potassium concentration: 1.0 wtppm or below; viscosity: 20 cSt or below at 135 degrees C. Further, from the economical verification, the good result was obtained that the price was lower than the LNG price and the domestic price of A heavy oil/C heavy oil. (NEDO)

Public subscription project for international joint research proposals in fiscal 2000 - public subscription of international proposal (substitution No.3). Report on achievements in research related to industrial utilization and social systematization of gas hydrate technologies; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (daitai No.3). Gas hydrate gijutsu no sangyo riyo shakai system ka ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

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2001-03-01

Activities have been advanced to establish necessary basic technologies by making clear the possibilities and problems in applying gas hydrate technologies to industrial fields. Activities have been taken in the following three fields: 1) industrial utilization and social systematization of gas hydrate technologies, 2) conceptual design of gas hydrate utilization technologies, and 3) researches on basic technologies to utilize the gas hydrate technologies in industries. In Item 1), discussions were given on significance of social systematization of the gas hydrate technologies, conditions for social systematization of the gas hydrate technologies, the current status of natural gas development and industrial utilization of the gas hydrate technologies. In Item 2), discussions were given on utilization of gas containability (application to natural gas transportation and storage processes), utilization of cold heat storage performance (utilization to suction air cooling of gas turbine generators), and utilization of gas selectivity (application to gas separation processes and acidic gas (CO2, SOx) separation). (NEDO)

Public subscription project for international joint research proposals in fiscal 2000 - public subscription of international proposal (substitution No.3). Report on achievements in research related to industrial utilization and social systematization of gas hydrate technologies - Separate volume; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (daitai No.3). Gas hydrate gijutsu no sangyo riyo shakai system ka ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (bessatsu)

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2001-03-01

Investigations were performed on important properties when utilization of gas hydrates to industries is discussed, such as production and decomposition speeds and storage stability. Activities have been taken in the following two fields: 1) experimental studies on production and decomposition of gas hydrates, and 2) summarized view on research related to gas hydrate self-retention effect. In Item 1), a production device of stirring system using rotating blades with gas circulation holes (self-suction type) was fabricated to have discussed the production and decomposition speeds. It was made clear that the production speed is governed by the over-cooling degree under the appropriate gas circulation and appropriate stirring conditions, and that the decomposition speed becomes abnormally high unless the self-retention status is maintained. In Item 2), following the introduction, seven researches were introduced, including the first observation of abnormal reaction of gas hydrate under the decreased pressure condition, the research by Yu. P. Handa related to gas hydrate decomposition below zero degree C, and the research by E. Mayer and A. Hall Brucker related to unexpectedly stable nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and argon clathrate gas hydrate formed from amorphous solid water. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium field. Third year report. R and D of the manufacturing technology of hybrid type biocompatible hard tissue substituting materials; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium bun'ya. Hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 3 nendo) seika hokokusho

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2001-03-01

As instrument materials substituting for hard tissue such as tooth root and artificial hip joint, the technology development is being proceeded with of the use of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys coated by hydroxy apatite. Studies were made in the following 6 fields: 1) design of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys, system control and dynamic evaluation; 2) development of high efficiency calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxy apatite) and development of surface coating technology; 3) development of melting casting technology of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys; 4) biological evaluation of biocompatibility of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys and completion of dental precision casting technology; 5) basic research on affinity of low rigidity Ti alloys (trial manufacture); 6) development of technology of precision processing and precision finishing processing of alloys. In 5), in the test on affinity of the trial-manufactured alloys, stainless steel and existing Ti alloys, it was verified that the trial-manufactured alloys were excellent in affinity. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the R and D of industrial science technology. R and D of 'carbon-base high functional material technology' (R and D of the submarine oil production support system); 1998 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tansokei kokino zairyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu)

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1999-09-01

For the R and D of carbon-base high functional materials, the paper reported on (1) material creation technology and (2) creation of mechanically high functional materials. In (1), the synthesis of new BCN-base materials is conducted by the electronic excitation CVD method and high temperature/high pressure (explosive synthesis) with the aim of analyzing the composition/structure. Using energy-controlled ion beams and laser beams, the synthesis of new CN-base materials and analysis of composition/structure are aimed at. By the thermal CVD method using catalysts, a method to synthesize a quantity of nanotubes is aimed at. The paper is aimed at clarifying the reaction mechanism on the material conversion of carbonaceous materials relating to the above-mentioned three methods and the appearance mechanism of characteristics of carbonaceous materials. (2) is composed of the following three subjects: composition gradient film formation technology, complicated shape film formation/micro-processing technology, and large area film formation. These three subjects were studied to positively make use of characteristics such as low friction/low abrasion and high temperature corrosion resistance which can be expected in amorphous carbon, diamond and high functional carbon materials of carbon nitride and to apply them to moving parts of various industrial machines and surface protection of construction materials such as glass, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the model project for the effective energy consumption in developing countries. Survey of changes of energy conservation technology and environmental protection technology in the oil refining industry in Japan; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Hatten tojokoku energy shohi koritsuka model jigyo (Nippon sekiyu seiseigyo ni okeru sho energy gijutsu to kankyo taisaku gijutsu no hensen chosa hokokusho)

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1998-03-01

For global scale measures to be taken for environmental protection, it becomes more and more important in the future to positively transfer and spread energy conservation technologies of Japan to overseas countries. Especially, it is effective for both economic growth in the Asian region and global environmental protection to transfer technologies which the oil refining industry has been developing and accumulating. Energy conservation in the oil refining industry means the energy conservation by strengthening the operational control at the first and second oil crises in the first stage, the energy conservation in the second stage which was accompanied by small and medium scale plant/equipment investments during several years after the first stage, and the energy conservation in the third stage which was accompanied by large scale investments from the first half of the 1980s to the present, resulting in improvement of 40% over before the first oil crisis. As to environmental protection measures, measures to reduce waste from oil refinery against air pollution and water pollution were prepared by the first half of the 1970s, and technologies were established of waste water treatment, flue gas desulfurization and denitrification. A lot of facilities for improvement of product quality and for low pollution were installed. In addition to environmental technologies, also in other industries, there were seen the heightening of thermal efficiency of kiln and thermal efficiency of cooling technique of clinker cooler in the cement industry and the improvement of productivity in the paper/pulp industry. 360 figs., 62 tabs.

FY 1999 report on the results of the technology development of super metal (R and D of the undersea oil production support system). Development of technology of aluminum-base high corrosion resistant fine structure controlling metal materials; 1999 nendo super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kaitei sekiyu seisan shien system kenkyu kaihatsu (aluminium kei kotaishokusei bisai kozo seigyo kinzoku zairyo gijutsu kaihtsu)

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2000-03-01

For the purpose of developing aluminum materials excellent in industrial characteristics, a study was conducted to create large-sized aluminum materials having mesoscopic crystal structure, and the FY 1999 results were summarized. In this fiscal year, to create the fine crystal grain structure, the following were conducted: fundamental study of high strain accumulation process, study of a mechanism of fine crystal grain formation, development of the processing method, and development of evaluation technology. In the study of high strain accumulation process, effects were examined of conditions of molten metal rolling on castability. Fundamental studies were also made of innovative technologies such as ECAP method, pre-forged structure controlling rolling, accumulative roll bonding and thermomechanical treatment. In the study of the mechanism of fine crystal grain structure formation, the following were conducted: Al-Mn base alloys produced by molten metal rolling, 6061 alloys by warm rolling with different peripheral speed rolling, and 7000 group alloys by warm rolling. As to the processing method, study was made on low-temperature rolling technology and rapid heat treatment technology. As to the evaluation technology, study was made on evaluation of crystal grain diameter by EBSP. (NEDO)

Research and development of a technology to create original high-function materials in fiscal 1998 (development of precision structure controlling materials by improving petroleum refining). Report on achievements in research and development of precision catalytic polymerization; 1998 nendo dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sekiyu seisei kodoka seimitsu kozo seigyo zairyo kaihatsu (seimitsu shokubai jugo no kenkyu kaihatsu)

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1999-03-01

Research and development on precision catalytic polymerization aims at developing polymerizing catalysts that can control arbitrarily the molecular weight and three-dimensional regularity by which rapid enhancement can be expected in performance of additional polymerization type polymers, and the primary structure of terminal groups. Works are being done on two sub-themes of ultimate additional polymerization and orientation catalyst polymerization. The research and development of the ultimate additional polymerization included structural control in polymerization reaction in vinyl chloride, vinylester and acrylic monomers, radical polymerization with precision orientation control, anionic polymerization with precision structural control, and precision polymerization utilizing asymmetric metal porphyrin complexes. In the research and development of the orientation catalyst polymerization, the orientation catalyst polymerization was researched and developed, elementary reaction of metallocene was elucidated, high-performance carrier catalysts were developed, advanced function polymers were synthesized at high precision based on metathesis, and improvement of functions of polyolefin was researched and developed. Surveys and studies were carried out on fundamental technologies common to the above two themes re-commissioned to five universities. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the basic survey to promote the joint implementation. Potential survey of the greenhouse effect gas reduction by high-efficient utilization of the oil residue in Bataan Refinery in the Philippines; 2000 nendo kyodo jisshi nado suishin kiso chosa hokokusho. Philippines koku Bataan seiyusho ni okeru sekiyu zansa kokoritsu riyo ni yoru onshitsu koka gas sakugen kanosei chosa

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2001-03-01

For the purpose of reducing the CO2 emitted from electricity/vapor supply facilities of Bataan Refinery in the Philippines, study was conducted of optimum energy supply facilities considering the effective use of the oil residue and future reinforcement of the refinery. Concerning the high-pressure/high-temperature condensing extraction boiler/turbine cogeneration, gas turbine cogeneration and low speed diesel engine cogeneration, comparative study was carried out in terms of thermal efficiency, reliability/preservation, environmental acceptability, effectiveness of measures for the future excessive oil residue, etc. As a result, the study was concluded as follows: the electric power consumption will markedly increase in the future; however, in the light of the situation of the refinery where the vapor demand will not increase, it is the most suitable to use low speed diesel engine cogeneration facilities as on-site power generation facilities which can burn the excessively increasing oil residue as direct fuel. The CO2 reduction effect estimated from the project on the present scale was 132,880 t-CO2/y, and the energy conservation effect estimated was 50,861 toe/y. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on research and development of multifunction members structure control technologies. Development of advanced surface treatment technologies for methane-fueled aero engines (1. Microstructure control technologies for ultrahigh temperature members); 1998 nendo fukugo kino buzai kozo seigyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Methane nenryo kokukiyo engine buzai no kodo hyomen kako gijutsu kaihatsu (chokoon buzai mikuro kozo seigyo gijutsu)

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1999-03-01

The carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite materials (C/C composites) strong at ultrahigh temperatures are taken up. So as to improve on its resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and abrasion as well as on its strength at ultrahigh temperatures, an ion engineering-assisted technique is used to reform the C/C composite surface layer and a technology is developed for thin coating formation on the C/C composite surface. Next, technologies are developed for multifunction coating formation on top of the surface, for defect prevention or removal from the C/C composite, and for adhesion enhancement between the C/C composite fibers and the matrix. Technologies are further developed for evaluating hostile environment withstanding capabilities at ultrahigh temperatures. In this fiscal year, in the study of microstructure controlling multilayer coating technologies, development is conducted of technologies of ion engineering-assisted surface control and reform and of technologies of forming multifunctional coatings high in reliability and resistance to corrosion. In the field of microstructure control composition, 3-dimensional carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite materials are manufactured by way of trial and evaluated, and their behavior under rigorous conditions is evaluated. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy field. Final year report. R and D on the bio-fuel production by high functional bio-reactor; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy bun'ya. Kokino bio reactor ni yoru bio nenryo seisan ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu (saishu nendo) seika hokokusho

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2001-03-01

A system was developed for producing automobile fuel from the recycled paper and waste cooking oil using high functional intelligent yeast. Element technology is the functional yeast creation technology and the online intelligent control technology of the process into which the fixed bio-reactor was inserted. Studies were made on the following: 1) creation of high activity lipase production/ethanol production yeasts; 2) bio-fuel production by intelligent bio-reactor; 3) process optimization control technology by fuzzy control; 4) stabilization of bio-fuel production yeast; 5) comprehensive investigational study. In FY 2000, the results were obtained as written below: development of the stable lipase coming from rhizopus japonicus, fixed bacterium using rhizopus oryzae fungus body which can be used more than ten times, direct ethanol fermentation from starch by developing the multi-copy glucoamylase manifestation yeast, operation of a 20L capacity bench plant, etc. (NEDO)

Achievement report (edition B) for fiscal 1999 on development of technology to manufacture coal gas for fuel cells. Studies by using pilot test facilities (Volumes for equipment fabrication and constructions, and trial run design); 1999 nendo seika hokokusho (B ban). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (kisokoji kiki seisaku hen shiunten sekkei hen)

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2000-03-01

With an objective to develop a coal gas manufacturing system for fuel cells, research and development has been performed on a oxygen-blown coal gasifier and researches on a technology to purify gases for fuel cells. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The current fiscal year has performed, among other the pilot plant construction works, execution of the above-the-ground constructions for the operation center and compressor room building, construction of the cooling water tanks, and partial improvement of roads in the plant site. In the gasifier facilities, items of equipment were fabricated, some of the outsourced articles were procured, and the installations thereof were carried out. For the gas purifying equipment, installation of the gas analyzer room was executed. In the trial run design, discussions were given on the systematic improvements in the test items, the gas sampling procedures, the unit protecting interlock, and the facility protecting logic. For the trial run design, establishment has been implemented on the efficient and functional test plans by establishing priority on the tests to be executed, so that the development items demanded in the pilot test and research can be achieved within the limited test processes. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on the phase II research and development for hydrogen utilizing international clean energy system technology (WE-NET). Task 6. Development of fuel cell of pure hydrogen fueled solid polymer type; 2000 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET) dai 2 ki kenkyu kaihatsu. Task 6. Junsuiso kyokyu kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

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2001-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 2000 from the WE-NET Phase II for research and development Task-6. The objective is to verify performance and reliability, by means of field tests, of a power generation plant using fuel cells of pure hydrogen fueled solid polymer type with power transmission terminal efficiency of 45% and output of 30 kW. The fuel cells were developed by using the cathode humidification process as a humidification method suitable for operation at high utilization rates. With a three-cell stack made by using this humidification process (having an effective area of 289 cm{sup 2}), verification was made on the current density of 0.2A/cm{sup 2}, the characteristics of 0.75V or higher, and the uniform voltage distribution performance being the immediate targets. In order to mitigate the hydrogen utilization in the fuel cells, discussions were given on the serial flow system that divides the laminated cells into two blocks. Thus, operation was found possible with the utilization rate in each block reduced to about 80% by selecting an adequate division rate even if the hydrogen utilization rate is 96% in the entire stack. Stable operation has been performed in the 5-kW class power generation test using the cathode interior humidifying system. Specifications for 30-kW class power plant, system configuration, safety, and material balance were discussed. The basic design was made on the hydrogen gas humidity adjusting system. (NEDO)

Report on the results of the FY 1999 R and D of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Development of the power system technology (Development of high voltage several 10 kW class dispersed generation system); 1999 nendo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu (koden'atsugata suju kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

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2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the FY 1999 development of polymer electrolyte fuel cell and several 10 kW class dispersed generation system. The humidification of the cell body is the internal humidification method in which water is directly supplied to cell, which makes the cell life long. The cooling using latent heat of vaporization of the water supplied makes the temperature distribution inside the cell face homogeneous. In the test for long life, the system was stably operated at voltage lowering speed of 11mV/1000h. The optimization of water supply structure in the stack increases the latent heat cooling amount and makes the temperature distribution inside the cell face homogeneous. The reduction of CO concentration in reformed gas is extremely important for improvement of cell performance and long-term stabilization of cell voltage. By the two-stage structure selective oxidation device, the CO concentration at inlet, 5,000 ppm, can be reduced to below 10 ppm at outlet. In the demonstrative experiment on the several 10 kW class dispersed generation system, efforts for reduction in size of structural equipment and package were made, and a possible size of 200*150*180cm was obtained. Based on the chart of 30kW class system flow, the heat material balance was analyzed, and the power generation efficiency of 40% at a.c. sending end and overall efficiency of 80% were confirmed. (NEDO)

FY 1983 report on the results of the verification test on the methanol conversion for oil-fired power plant. Survey of the potential supply amount of overseas resource - Survey of methanol usability (Conceptual design of methanol reformed gas turbine); 1983 nendo sekiyu karyoku hatsudensho metanoru tenkan tou jissho shiken kaigai shigen kyokyu kano ryo chosa (Metanoru riyo kanosei chosa) - Metanoru kaishitsu gata gastabin no gainen sekkei

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1984-03-01

For the purpose of using methanol as power generation use fuel, the paper carried out of the conceptual design of methanol reformed high efficiency gas turbine and the evaluation study of economical efficiency. The methanol reformed gas turbine is to recover the heat from turbine flue gas and to improve thermal efficiency by using the fact that the vapor reforming reaction or decomposition reaction of methanol advance endothermicly at low temperature between 250 and 350 degrees C. It was judged that the combination with the existing technology made the practical application possible and that it was appropriate to adopt the regenerative gas turbine/water-injection and reforming (RGGT/WI and R). As a result of the trial calculation of construction cost of RGGT/WI and R and calculation of power generation cost, RGGT/WI and R became more profitable than the simple open gas turbine at a capacity ratio of 10% or more, and became more profitable than the combined cycle at all capacity ratios. In the use of RGGT/WI and R, which uses methanol as fuel, SOx is not included in flue gas, and the NOx included is estimated at 35ppm or so. The amount satisfies the standard according to the boiler using fluid as fuel. (NEDO)

FY 2001 report on the results of the survey of the formation promotion subsidy project on the environmentally friendly type energy community. Survey of the commercialization of high efficiency power generation using fuel of waste such as waste construction materials; 2001 nendo kankyo chowa gata energy komyuniti keisei sokushin hojo jigyo. Kensetsu haizai tou haikibutsu nenryo ni yoru kokoritsu hatsuden no jigyosei chosa chosa hokokusho

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2002-03-01

The paper studied a system for power generation and heat utilization using wood chips such as waste construction materials, used paper inappropriate for recycling and plastic refuse from neighboring local governments as fuel and assessed a potentiality of the commercialization. As to the system, the following were conducted: selection of the optimum combustor in the waste power generation, survey of the state of corrosion of boiler tube in the steam conditions and waste properties, selection of the optimum quality of boiler materials, etc. In the assessment of a potentiality of the commercialization, the commercialization was studied as in-house power generation/heat utilization business with a power generation scale of 9,950kW and a steam supply scale of 31.5t/h. As a result of the study, the energy conservation effect was found to be expected as follows: reduction of 33,000kL/y crude oil equivalent and reduction of 16,000t-CO2/y emission. As a result of studying the economical efficiency of business, the unit price of wood chip purchase and the unit price of waste plastic treatment which are required to recover the difference of the initial investment within 5 years were greatly different from the level as an aim. For the realization as business, a subsidy of 15% and more cost reduction were requested. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of silicon-based polymeric materials (development of liquid methane fueled aircraft engine); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo / Shin energy Sangyo gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Keisokei kobunshi zairyo no kenkyu kaihatsu (methane nenryo kokukiyo engine kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

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1998-03-01

This R and D aims at establishing the basic technology on the molecular design, synthesis, use as materials, and evaluation of silicon-based polymers, of which excellent electronic/optical functions, high heat-resistance/combustion-resistance/dynamic characteristic are expected. The paper introduced the results of the fiscal 1997 R and D of them. The themes are as follows: technology of synthesis of silicon-based polymeric materials with sea-island microstructures, interstitial type structure forming technology, composite materials with organometallic complexes and silicon-based polymers, silicon-based polymer structural materials with ring structures, optimization of the Wurtz`s synthesis method of silicon-based polymers, unsaturated and hypercoordinate organosilicic compounds, function of silicon-based polymers, synthesis and polymerization of new silicon-based monomers, development of a new synthesis method of polysilane and the function, development of new application of silicon-based polymers in imaging devices for recording/memory/display of information, molecular design of {pi}-conjugate and {sigma}-conjugate compounds including silicon, and conformation and electronic state of silicon-based polymeric materials. 186 refs., 141 figs., 68 tabs.

FY 1993 research and development of the technology for controlling structures of functional composite members. R and D of advanced surface processing for methane-fueled aircraft engine members (Technology for controlling the microscopic structures of superhigh-temperature members); 1993 nendo fukugo kino buzai kozo seigyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (methane nenryo kokukiyo engine buzai no kodo hyomen kako gijutsu kaihatsu). Chokoon buzai micro kozo seigyo gijutsu

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1994-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1993 research and development project, implemented for development of the technologies for modification of material surfaces and interfaces, with the objectives to develop the optimum members for methane-fueled aircraft engines. For R and D of multi-layered films with controlled microscopic structures, the tests are conducted for forming thin-film layers by, e.g., ion implantation, ion mixing and implantation of large quantities of ions as the surface controlling/modification techniques based on, e.g., ionic techniques. The tests are conducted for, e.g., chemical vapor-phase reaction evaporation and low-pressure plasma spraying as the technologies for forming multi-functional films of, e.g., high reliability and resistance to corrosion. For development of the technologies for controlling/compositing the microscopic structures, the tests are conducted for, e.g., selection of the matrix materials, and prevention/removal of defects by the chemical vapor-phase reaction penetration treatment effected for extended periods. For development of the technologies for evaluation of the characteristics under superhigh-temperature environments, the tests are conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics of isotropically uniform metallic materials under multi-dimensional stresses and evaluation thereof, and mechanical and thermal characteristics of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon composites and evaluation thereof. (NEDO)

FY 2000 research cooperation project on the research cooperation for the commercialization of the regional adaptation type photovoltaic power generation system, etc. Research cooperation for the commercialization of the methane fermentation gas fuel cell power generation system; 2000 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Chiiki tekigogata taiyoko hatsuden system to no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku (Metan hakko gas nenryo denchi hatsuden system no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku)

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2001-03-01

Research cooperation for the commercialization of methane fermentation gas fuel cell power generation system was made in a stock farm in Guangzhou city, China, and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In the project, the methane fermentation gas is recovered from animal faces, and a power generation system by fuel cell using the gas as fuel is constructed, and at the same time the waste is made compost and used as manure. In this fiscal year, the starting ceremony was made at the stock farm in Guangzhou city in June, and the main body of fuel cells was carried in and assembled. The trial operation of the system was successfully made in March 2001. At the same time, survey of the waste water from the farm and methane fermentation was made with accuracy. Survey was further made of the actual state of the recent energy supply/demand and the present situation of renewable energy as measures taken for non-electrification areas and environmental problems. As a result, the importance of further cooperation with the China side was emphasized in terms of the securing of animals/faces, optimum methane fermentation/recovery from animal faces, optimization of electric power of the area and environmental response, etc. (NEDO)

Report of the FY 1995 research cooperation promotion projects (overall evaluation). Research cooperation in fuel cell utilization/district power generation system and village type technique for simplified continuous production of raw palm oil; 1995 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku suishin jigyo (sogo hyoka) hokokusho. Nenryo denchi katsuyo chiiki hatsuden system ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku / sonrakugata kan'i renzoku palm arayu seizo gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku

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1996-03-01

The research cooperation project for fuel cell utilization/district power generation system is conducted under the research cooperation agreement between NEDO and Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), to demonstrate a 50 kW pilot plant constructed at EGAT's Bang Pakong power station. The fuel cell reforms self-spouted natural gas into H{sub 2} as the fuel. It has produced a total power of 341,921 kWh under the conditions of cumulative operating time: 8,115.4 hours, longest continuous operating time: 1,100 hours, service factor: 89.64%, load ratio: 86.13% and system utilization factor: 77.20%. The fuel technique will be acceptable for Thailand, if it is economically competitive. The project for producing raw palm oil is for Malaysia. The facilities introduced and tested for the new process are a continuous steam-heated fruit remover, fiber/nut separator, and shell cutter. The new process is evaluated to produce higher-quality raw palm oil in higher yield while consuming less energy. The new process, whose steps are automated, saves operating cost, and suitable for Malaysia which is suffering shortage of manpower. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of transportation use and residential/commercial use high efficiency energy system technology. R and D of polymer electrolyte cells (Research on ion exchange membranes for commercialization of highly durable cells); 2000 nendo unyu minsei you kokoritsu energy system gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (Kotaikyusei denchi jitsuyoka no tame no ion kokanmaku ni kansuru kenkyu)

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2001-03-01

As to ion exchange membranes for fuel cells, the R and D were made with the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the membrane required to realize highly durable modules and of demonstrating durability of membrane, and the FY 2000 results were reported. Concerning the low ion exchange capacity thin membrane, the following were confirmed: in perfluorosulfonic acid with ion exchange capacity of 0.84-1.0, the lower the ion exchange capacity is, the greater characteristics of mechanical strength are improved; the optimization of membrane thickness makes the design which satisfies cell characteristics and mechanical strength characteristics possible. In the durability test by medium-/long-term continued operation using each of small unit cell and large unit cell, the results of the stable operation of 5,000 hours using S1102 and S1201Q membranes were obtained. About effects of methanol, changes were observed in creep characteristics and piercing strength in the test on the environmental cycle at -40 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The membrane of low ion exchange capacity kept high elastic modulus even after the treatment at 120 degrees C, which indicated its usability for the higher temperature operation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 project of inviting proposals for international joint research - invitation for international proposal (Power generation No.14). Achievement report on joint research for utilizing Russia's now-unused high-viscosity crude oil as fuel for power generation; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (hatsuden No.14). Russia miriyo konensei gen'yu no denryoku nenryo riyo kyodo kenkyu chosa seika hokokusho

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2001-03-01

The Russkoye high-viscosity oil field is located in the western part of Siberia, Russia. Joint research is under way to develop a technology for reducing the viscosity for the collection of crude oil through the utilization of a gas condensate discharged by a neighboring gas field. This report comprises eight chapters, namely, (1) the background, purpose, and contents of the research, (2) Russia's oil resources and oil industry, (3) high-viscosity oil fields in Russia, (4) analysis of Russkoye crude oil and gas condensates yielded in Russia, (5) methods for viscosity reduction, (6) evaluation of combustibility, (7) scenario for developing the Russkoye oil field, and (8) research results as summarized and future tasks. Studied in chapter (5) are approaches to viscosity reduction, methods for emulsification, and a method for viscosity reduction by use of a gas condensate. These are tested and the results after analysis clearly show that the Russkoye crude oil, when blended with a gas condensate, will turn transportable and will provide a fuel equivalent to fuel oil C. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 international research cooperation project. Feasibility study of finding out the seeds of international joint research (technology for effective use of saturated hydrocarbon, technology for reducing excess of aromatic hydrocarbon, high-grade treatment technology of petroleum coke); 1996 nendo kokusai kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Kokusai kyodo kenkyu seeds hakkutsu no tame no FS chosa (howa tanka suiso no yuko riyo gijutsu, hokozoku tanka suiso no yojo taisaku gijutsu, sekiyu cokes no kodo shori gijutsu)

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1997-03-01

This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: (1) technology for effective use of saturated hydrocarbon, (2) technology for reducing excess of aromatic hydrocarbon, (3) high-grade treatment technology of petroleum coke. In (1), surveys were conducted of technologies of effective use of natural gas and effective use of C4 saturated hydrocarbon. Surveyed were a method for producing synthesis gas from natural gas, a technology to liquefy natural gas into fuel following the synthesis gas production process, a technology to liquefy natural gas into fuel without the synthesis gas production process, and the trend of effective use of C4 saturated hydrocarbon. In (2), surveys were made of process to reduce production of aromatic hydrocarbon as much as possible, process to effectively separate aromatic hydrocarbon, and process to convert excess aromatic hydrocarbon into polymer, etc. In (3), surveys were conducted on petroleum coke and pitch in terms of production methods, the supply/demand situation, property characteristics, usability to new fields, etc. 170 refs., 114 figs., 65 tabs.

FY 2001 report on the survey of the formation promotion subsidy project on the environmentally friendly type energy community. Potential survey of the introduction of a processing/power generation system using ASR in the South region of Tochigi Prefecture; 2001 nendo kankyo chowa gata energy komyuniti keisei sokushin hojo jigyo. Tochigi ken nanbu chiiki ni okeru ASR (Shuredda dust) wo nenryo to shita shori hatsuden system no donyu kanosei chosa chosa hokokusho

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2002-03-01

For the consistent processing of waste automobile in Tochigi Prefecture and the neighboring area, survey/study were made of the thermal recycle using shredder dust, ASR (automobile shredder residue), as fuel as well as the material recycle. As to the amount of material recycle of waste automobile, the amount of potential recycle of iron, copper, plastic, etc. was estimated, and it was found out that the potential recycle of parts such as engine was 40-45%, that of iron scrap 35-40%, and that of ASR 20-25%. The amount of fuel (ASR amount) to be thrown into the gasification power generation system was set up at 150t. As the gasification power generation system, the pyrolysis gasifier and shaft kiln gasification melting furnace were selected. In the study of economical efficiency of the gasification power generation system, the following were considered: ASR processing price, plant cost, subsidy, running cost, char receiving price, power selling price, etc., but even in the case of the pyrolysis gasifier with highest valuation, both payback years and IRR did not reach the target. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on results of development of high-efficiency energy system technologies for transportation and domestic use. R and D of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, power system technologies, and several kW class domestic power systems operating at normal pressure; 1999 nendo un'yu minseiyo kokoritsu energy system gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, hatsuden system gijutsu kaihatsu, joatsu sadogata su kW kyu kateiyo dengen system no kaihatsu

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2000-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the research and development project aimed at development of fuel cell systems for power source systems suitable for domestic use. The programs for development of fuel cell body include improvement of the anode forming method for increasing its CO tolerance, enhancing cell performance at 0.5mg-metal/cm{sup 2} as the catalyst quantity to a level almost comparable to that obtainable at 0.9mg-metal/cm{sup 2}. The programs for development of the fuel supply system include studies on endurance of the elements, e.g., starting-up/shutting-down of the Ru/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst, using a microreactor, confirming that it is serviceable for at least 1,000 hours. The natural gas reformer is developed and operated, on a trial basis, achieving stable supply of steam and fuel, and thermal efficiency of 82.7%. The operation researches include development and operation of a 1kW class module, achieving the performance surpassing the FY 1999 targets (average cell voltage: 0.70V, output: 1.27kW) with a simulated reformate gas at an air utilization rate of 20% and current density of 0.3A/cm{sup 2}. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of technologies to invent original high-functional materials (development of precise structure control materials for enhancement of oil refining); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (sekiyu seisei kodoka seimitsu kozo seigyo zairyo kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

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1998-03-01

The paper described the R and D of technologies for creating original high-functional materials under the R and D system of industrial scientific technology. Japan chemical Innovation Institute (JCII) is conducting intensive joint researches under consignment from NEDO with private companies, universities and national research institutes. Among those, the paper reported the fiscal 1997 results of the following two researches conducted as development of precise structure control materials for enhancement of oil refining: precision catalytic polymerization and multi-dimensional space polymer. As to the precision catalytic polymerization, the paper is aimed at developing base technologies for the molecular weight and stereoregularity by which remarkable improvement in performance of addition polymerization type polymer can be expected, and on the development of a polymerization catalyst which arbitarily controls the primary structure such as end group structure and of a precision addition polymerization process. Subthemes are addition polymerization with limit and oriented catalytic polymerization. In relation to multi-dimensional space polymer, the paper is aimed at developing highly selective polymerization technology of aromatic compounds using enzyme related catalysts and synthesis technology of regular structure polymer, and synthesis technology of new polymer group having a new chain pattern except covalent bond/new polymer group having characteristics in three-dimensional space geometric structure. 244 refs,, 160 figs., 94 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the international research cooperation project for a feasibility survey for finding out seeds of the international joint research. Effective use technology of saturated hydrocarbon (technology against the surplus aromatic hydrocarbon/technology of high grade treatment of petroleum coke); 1997 nendo kokusai kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo (kokusai kyodo kenkyu seeds hakkutsu no tame no FS chosa). Howa tanka suiso no yuko riyo gijutsu / hokozoku tanka suiso no yojo taisaku gijutsu / sekiyu cokes no kodo shori gijutsu seika hokokusho

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1998-03-01

For the purpose of the effective international research cooperation, the paper surveyed in fiscal 1997 the effective use technology of saturated hydrocarbon, technology against the surplus aromatic hydrocarbon and technology of high grade treatment of petroleum coke. In the survey of the effective use technology of saturated hydrocarbon, trends of FT synthesis technology and DME synthesis technology were studied as trends of technology to produce synthetic gas, and a project was proposed for technical development of using natural gas as liquid fuel in Japan. In the survey of technology against the surplus aromatic hydrocarbon, studied were the benzene law regulation and the supply/demand trend of aromatic hydrocarbon, process to reduce production of aromatic hydrocarbon as much as possible, process to reduce aromatics of the produced petroleum products, and process to effectively use aromatic hydrocarbon as chemical raw material. In the survey of high grade treatment of petroleum coke, studied were a possibility of using HS petroleum coke in the DIOS method, iron bath gasification, and copper bath gasification technology. 108 refs., 146 figs., 103 tabs.

Fiscal 1993 international research cooperation project. Feasibility study of finding out the seeds of international joint research (technology for environmental preservation using biotechnology, technology for effective use unused hydrocarbon resource, technology of solid electrolyte fuel cells for high-efficient electric vehicles); 1993 nendo kokusai kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Kokusai kyodo kenkyu seeds hakkutsu no tame no FS chosa (biotechnology ni yoru kankyo taisaku gijutsu, miriyo tanka suiso shigen no yuko riyo gijutsu, kokoritsu denki jidosha no kotai denkaishitsu nenryo denchi gijutsu)

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1994-03-01

This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: 1) environmental preservation technology using biotechnology, 2) technology for effective use of unused hydrocarbon resource, 3) solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) technology for high-efficient electric vehicles. In 1), bio-remediation is a choice as the result of trially using technologies for remediation of the environment polluted by pollutant, but it is not a technically completed one, but one which will be improved by trial and error. By the application of gene engineering, the use of gene recombination enables wide spread of decomposition genes. In 2), technical subjects were studied such as superheavy distillate, oil shale, coalhead methane and methane hydrate. In 3), designed were cylinder type and planar type SOFC of 850degC operation and 10kW output. Accumulation and weight of a total SOFC system are 81 liters and 100 kg in cylinder type and 136 liters and 200 kg in planar type. The vehicle can be equipped with the SOFC. 171 refs., 72 figs., 54 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO (book on the handling / gas lift system). Report on the results of the R and D of the overall base technology of ocean resources (R and D of submarine oil drilling technology, etc.); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shine Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Kaiyo shigen sogo kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kaitei sekiyu kussaku gijutsu nado kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho (handling / gas lift system hen)

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1998-03-01

The paper conducted a R and D on the handling of drilling equipment in drilling/collecting of submarine oil and the gas lift of artificial oil extraction technology. As to each equipment of a barge style handling system, conducted were assembly/adjustment/trial run on land and pipe handling experiments on sea. In the experiment, confirmed were pipe transfer function, lifting function, fitting function, grasping function, etc. In the ocean experiment, studied were pipe bending stress, Karman vortex control effects, etc. Relating to the gas lift system, experiments were made on confirmation of fabrication/performance of air compressor. Moreover, a technique of air transportation to the blowing inlet of the gas lift pipe was established by developing an air blowing system and fabricating a long-distance flexible pipe. Concerning the gas/liquid/solid three-phase separator, a cyclone separator was developed, and improvement in lifting efficiency was confirmed. Helped by these, the problems of the gas lift system were almost solved, and a possibility of the commercial-base production system was obtained. 2 refs., 182 figs., 47 tabs.

FY 2001 report on the results of the survey of the environmentally friendly type energy community project. Utilization of combustible waste as solid fuel in Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the wide spread sphere of municipalities (Facilities such as RDF+LNG combined use high efficiency waste power generation); 2001 nendo Shizuoka ken shimizu shi oyobi koiki shichoson ken ni okeru kanensei haikibutsu kokeika nenryo riyo kankyo chowa gata energy komyuniti keisei sokushin hojo jigyo chosa (RDF+LNG heiyo kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden tou shisetsu) chosa hokokusho

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2002-03-01

Survey/study were conducted of viability of an idea of the high efficiency power generation that combinedly use RDF from the refuse generated in Shizuoka/Yamanashi/Nagano prefectures and LNG from the LNG base in Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture. In the survey of raw materials for RDF, the present amount that can be supplied to RDF power generation was estimated at 280 t/d in RDF and 4,300 Kcal/kg or more in heating value. As to the RDF/LNG combination power generation, combinations of RDF200t/d + 25MW (capacity of gas turbine power generation) or RDF200t/d + 70MW seem to be appropriate. And, 30% or more of RDF power generation efficiency is made possible. In the study of economical efficiency, expenses born by local governments were calculated supposing that the difference between the unit price of power selling and that of power generation in power generation is born by RDF suppliers. As a result, the share becomes approximately 8,600-12,000 yen/refuse t in 15-year operation, and was found lower than that in the existing small-/medium-scale refuse incineration treatment. The combustion flue gas associated with the power generation business becomes approximately 300,000 Nm{sup 3}/h. The gas turbine fuel is natural gas, and RDF is good in combustibility. Therefore, the effect on the environment is expected to be small. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 survey report / R and D of important region technology. R and D of technologies giving multi-functional characteristics to C/C composites (development of high-grade surface processing technology for engine members for methane fueled air craft. 1. control technology of micro structures of ultra-high temperature members); 1997 nendo seika hokokusho juyo chiiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukugo kino buzai kozo seigyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (methane nenryo kokukiyo engine buzai no kodo hyomen kako gijutsu kaihatsu). 1. chokoon buzai micro kozo seigyo gijutsu

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1998-03-01

For the purpose of developing members most suitable for aircraft use engines with methane as fuel, the R and D were conducted of technology to reform surfaces and interfaces of materials. In the R and D, the paper took up carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite materials (C/C composites). In the surface control and reformation technology using the ion engineering method, etc., in the sealing processing of C/C composites, tried was the formation of a C/SiC/Si3N4 composite layer which was formed by Si3N4 much smaller in thermal expansion coefficient than SiC. Further, technologies on ion injection, thin film formation, giving of oxidation resistance/corrosion resistance, improving/giving of thermal shock resistance, etc. In the multi-functional coating formation technology such as high liability and corrosion resistance, the study was carried out of the dense composite functionally-gradient layer as thermal stress relaxation layer and the fiber reinforced layer by carbon fiber using pores. Besides, studies were made of technologies of the micro structure control combination, evaluation of ultra-high temperature resistant environmental characteristics, etc. 61 refs., 198 figs., 44 tabs.

Report on diagnosis and survey on research cooperation in the research cooperation promotion project in fiscal 1994. Research cooperation on manufacturing clean fuel for consumer use from gasified coal gas / Research cooperation on a method for pulp manufacturing of low-pollution and energy saving type by using non-wood raw materials; 1994 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku suishin jigyo 'kenkyu kyoryoku shindan chosa' hokokusho. Sekitan gas ka gas kara no minseiyo clean nenryo seizo ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku / himokuzaikei genryo wo mochiita teikogai shoenegata pulp seizoho ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

In solving the problems in developing technologies peculiar to developing countries, Japan will provide cooperation. This paper describes the achievements in diagnosis and survey in fiscal 1994. Development will be made on a manufacturing process for dimethylether (DME), a synthesizable and portable clean fuel, by using coal produced in China. Annual DME production of 10,000 tons will make it possible to supply 50,000 households with the fuel of one year consumption, whereas return on the construction investment and profit can be expected. At the Shanxi Coal Chemistry Research Institute, a 500 tons a year plant making DME from gasified coal gas is scheduled to begin operation. Development will be made on a pulp manufacturing technology in China, in which environmental pollution due to waste water is largely reduced, and operation cost is reduced. Application of the oxygen-alkaline evaporation and decomposition process developed in Japan will be considered, which uses non-wood raw material such as rice straw, wheat straw and megass). The raw materials are immersed continually in low-concentration alkaline solution, dehydrated, and then lignin is oxidized and decomposed by using oxygen in a continuous oxidation reactor to make the material into pulp. China uses non-wood materials as paper raw materials at 80%, whereas effects are expected in waste water pollution prevention, energy saving, resource saving and economics. (NEDO)