SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS OF GREAT HANSHIN-AWAJI EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OF JANUARY 17,1995
Haruo, HAYASHI; Yoshiaki, KAWATA; Associate Professor, Research Center for Disaster Reduction Systems, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University; Professor, Research Center for Disaster Reduction Systems, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
1995-01-01
A brief overview of what happened during the first month after the Hyogoken-nambu earthquake of January 17,1995 is given in terms both of the emergency responses initiated and the societal impact. For emergency responses, formal organization responses are discussed in reference to "Saigai taisaku kihon-ho (the Fundamental Disaster Management Law)" and "Saigai kyujyo-ho (the Disaster Relief Law)". Using the Kobe Fire Department as an example, search and rescue efforts as well as fire suppressi...
Societal implications of great Hanshin-awaji earthquake disaster of January 17, 1995
KAWATA, Yoshiaki; HAYASHI, Haruo
1995-01-01
A brief overview of what happened during the first month after the Hyogoken-nambu earthquake of January 17, 1995 is given in terms both of the emergency responses initiated and the societal impact. For emergency responses, formal organization responses are discussed in reference to "Saigai taisaku kihon-ho (the Fundamental Disaster Management Law)" and "Saigai kyujyo-ho (the Disaster Relief Law)". Using the Kobe Fire Department as an example, search and rescue efforts as well as fire suppress...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Honma, T; Yamada, K; Watanabe, K [Hokkaido Electric Power Co. Inc., Sapporo (Japan)
1995-06-14
A heat pump system utilizing the domestic waste water was introduced into a gymnasium owned by Hokkaido Electric Power to elucidate the applicability of domestic waste water as a thermal source of heat pump in the cold region. The gymnasium is a two-storied concrete building with the floor space of 2292m{sup 2}. Ground water at temperatures from 10 to 20{degree}C is utilized for the water supply. Made to flow together as waste water, the dirty water and daily exhaust water are discharged at the rate of 100t/day into a river after passing through the septic tank. Higher by 5 to 15{degree}C than the atmospheric temperature, the discharging temperature is kept higher than 10{degree}C even during the very cold period. The domestic waste water is almost neutral in pH, and normal in both SS and BOD. The heat pump was utilized for two stages, i.e., thermal collection and temperature heightening. The capacity of a sewage storage tank tank was made to be 170m{sup 3} to meet the thermal load of 139000kcal/h in the gymnasium. The temperature of 15{degree}C could be kept during the air heating trial. The system is about 2 in coefficient of performance. The K-value of heat exchanger decreased by about 30% after seven months of operation. Upon its overhauling, its K-value recovered to 2.37, so that it must be overhauled once a year. 5 refs., 15 figs. 4 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Takahashi, S.; Yamagishi, K.; Hirama, K.; Ueno, T. [Obayashi Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
1998-07-10
A geotextile drainage material called ART-DRAIN has been developed. It was applied to temporary roads in a tunnel, to evaluate its permeability through a long-term permeability test using a model. The ART-DRAIN is a drainage material for protecting the roads from muddy conditions in a tunnel due to spring water. A filter for permeating fine soil particles was employed to keep the permeability. From the long-term permeability test using a model, appropriate permeability of ART-DRAIN was maintained for three years without blinding. There was only a slight inflow of fine grain soils into the ART-DRAIN. It was confirmed that the permeability was not obstructed by the fine grain soils. The ART-DRAIN was applied to tunnel construction works for the high-speed railway in Kyoto and the national road in mountains. From these applications, factors for enhancing the permeability effect were confirmed, which includes the selection of high quality muck, insurance of the road-bed strength by the initial compaction, use of road drainage materials with high compressible property and permeability of filter, and intervals of drainage. 1 ref., 19 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hirano, M. [Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan)
1998-06-01
Described herein are the current status and development of insecticides for domestic purposes. For aerosol type cockroach-killing insecticides, oily type is predominant in Japan whereas aqueous type in USA and other countries. They are mixtures of knockdown agents and killing agents, the former being used for their immediate and lethal effects whereas the latter for their lethal effect. In 1996, agents showing high knockdown effects, such as pyrethroids, are registered. Fumigants are used in closed spaces, which are ventilated after they are used. Bait agents contain inducing agents. Recently, ticks become social problems as an allergy source. The insecticides are generally used to remove them, although physical methods, such as cleaning and heat treatment, are effective. They are centered by aerosols and fumigants, but insecticidal sheets are used to some extent. Fleas coming from pets also cause problems. Increased resistance of insects to insecticides has led to development of new types of insecticides, such as those based on organophosphates and those aimed at prevention of their metamorphosis. Commercial insecticides are safe, as long as they are produced in compliance with the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and used correctly. Nevertheless, however, researches for safer countermeasures against insects are needed. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ishihara, O. [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1996-09-30
A case study for a natural energy system serving for a private house is reported with the outline of the system and the measurement results of the temperature and heat environments both in summer and winter. A 2-story house with an area of 141m{sup 2} and a total floor area of 186m{sup 2} is introduced including the site where it stands. Then, it is described on a floor heating system by circulating warm water through pipings embedded in the structural bodies, made of reinforced concrete from a solar heat collector consisted of 20 galvanized steel pipes of 100mm in diameter and 7m in length, a wall and ceiling cooling system with well water that gushes out at a rate of about 2 tons/min, and also the use of 20 amorphous solar cell panels as the source of electric power generation of about 17W capacity for these 2 systems, a house sewage disposal after the first stage treatment into the soil of kicken garden and so forth. Upon these system installed, 50 measurement items such as temperatures of outdoor and each room, humidity, quantity of sunshine and so on were measured for 1 year, and the instrumentation data were collected. From various analytical results, it was revealed that the highest temperature of warm water pipings in winter was 32{degree}C, while the lowest temperature of 17{degree}C was recorded in the morning and the surface temperature in the structural bodies of a room located at the south-east corner remained stable in summer more or less at 27{degree}C and so forth. 13 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wada, Hideo; Kitamura, Takao; Kato, Shunsaku; Oyashiki, Satoru (Goverment Industrial Research Inst. Shikoku, Takamatsu, (Japan) Toyo Engineering Work Ltd., Tokyo, (Japan))
1990-01-31
Wastewater containing organic pollutants is generally treated by the biological methods like the activated sludge process, etc. But these biological methods are not necessarily applied to the wastewater with high salt content generated at pickles making plants, etc.. In this report, with the objective of application of the electrolytic oxidation treatment to the organic wastewater with high salt content of pickles making plants, the effects of such conditions as pH, temperature and current, etc. on the treatment rate and treatment efficiency were examined, furthermore, the treatment process was simulated on the basis of a simple reaction model, and its simulation results were compared for study with the experimental results. The results are shown below: No effect of pH was observed, hence no pH control is required; The higher temperature of the wastewater accelerates the treatment rate; It was considered that in high temperature, a loss due to autolysis of hypochlorous acid increases, but the current efficiency of generating hypochlorous acid increases too and since the latter effect is bigger, the above phenomenon occurs. The current has a small effect on the treatment efficiency. With the simple reaction model, the change of residual chlorine concentration, etc. with time can be reproduced semiquantitatively. 7 refs., 6 figs.
Water saving in IC wafer washing process; IC wafer senjo deno sessui taisaku
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Harada, H. [Mitsubishi Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Araki, M.; Nakazawa, T.
1997-11-30
This paper reports features of a wafer washing technology, a new IC wafer washing process, its pure water saving effect, and a `QC washing` which has pure water saving effect in the wafer washing. Wafer washing processes generally include the SC1 process (using ammonia + hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution) purposed for removing contamination due to ultrafine particles, the SC2 process (using hydrochloric acid + hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution) purposed for removing contamination due to heavy metals, the piranha washing process (using hot sulfuric acid + hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution) purposed for removing contamination due to organic matters, and the DHF (using dilute hydrofluoric acid) purposed for removing natural oxide films. Natural oxide films are now remained as surface protection films, by which surface contamination has been reduced remarkably. A high-temperature washing chemical circulating and filtering technology developed in Japan has brought about a reform in wafer washing processes having been used previously. Spin washing is used as a water saving measure, in which washing chemicals or pure water are sprayed onto one each of wafers which is spin-rotated, allowing washing and rinsing to be made with small amount of washing chemicals and pure water. The QC washing is a method to replace tank interior with pure was as quick as possible in order to increase the rinsing effect. 7 refs., 5 figs.
Studies on CO2 removal and reduction. CO2 taisaku kenkyu no genjo
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shindo, Y [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan)
1993-02-01
This paper summarizes study trends mainly in CO2 fixing processes. Underground CO2 storage is a most promising method because it can fix a huge amount of CO2 and has low effects on ecological systems. Storing CO2 in ocean includes such methods as storing it in deep oceans; storing it in deep ocean beds; dissolving it into sea water; neutralizing it with calcium carbonates; and precipitating it as dry ice. Japan, disposing CO2 in these ways, may create international problems. Separation of CO2 may use a chemical absorption process as a superior method. Other processes discussed include a physical adsorption method and a membrane separation method. A useful method for CO2 fixation using marine organisms is fixation using coral reefs. This process will require an overall study including circulation of phosphorus and nitrogen. Marine organisms may include planktons and algae. CO2 fixation using land plants may be able to fix one trillion and 8 hundred billion tons of CO2 as converted to carbon. This process would require forest protection, prevention of desertification, and tree planting. Discussions are being given also on improving power generation cycles, recovering CO2 from automotive exhausts, and backfilling carbons into ground by means of photosynthesis. 23 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tanaka, Y.; Takahashi, K. [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Motoyama, N. [Fuji Electric Corporate Research and Development, Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)
1998-06-10
Measures against Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) in the waterworks are discussed. C. parvum is a pathogenic protozoan, and exists in the form of oocyst protected by a hard shell. It does not multiply in water or food, but does in human intestines and causes violent diarrhea and bellyache. A grave concern was created when many people were infected with the protozoan via tap water in Japan and the United States. Under such circumstances, ozone is used in an experiment to inactivate C. parvum. It is found that the C. parvum oocyst inactivation effect is evaluated by using a Ct value (disinfectant concentration Cmg/Ltimescontact time in minute) and that ozone treatment inactivates 90-99% of the protozoan. When various advanced water treatment technologies are being introduced for the purpose of serving safe and tasty water, the outcome of this study conveniently offers an ozone treatment method that will additionally inactivate pathogenic protozoa. Studies will be continued to elucidate the effects of factors of ozone treatment and water quality for the completion of an ideal disinfection process. Reference is made to an example of disinfection work implemented at a water purification plant of Milwaukie City, United States. 9 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.
Preventive measures of water pollution in China; Chugoku ni okeru suishitsu odaku boshi taisaku
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Qian, Y.; Huang, X.
1996-01-10
This paper describes the progress and the major results of research and development on technologies and measures to prevent water pollution in China. Tests and researches have been performed on an upward anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), a vertical baffled anaerobic sludge blanket, two-phase anaerobic digestion, and an anaerobic fluidized bed. When anaerobically digested sludge and aerobic active sludge are inoculated in the UASB, particle-shaped sludge was formed well in both sludges. This technology has begun to be used in breweries and citric acid factories. With anaerobic treatment of waste water containing sulfate, the sulfate was recovered as sulfur by using the first and second phases. Research and development is being progressed on the oxidation ditch technology as an improved version of the active sludge method. In a pilot test of a soil treatment system and a stabilization pond treatment system as alternative technology for the active sludge method, the BOD in the treated water was found 2.5 mg{times}1/l. Attentions are drawn on primary treatment, a living organism contact oxidation method, and a continuous filtration treatment process as technologies to turn polluted water into resources. 6 refs., 1 tab.
Review on development of biofouling control `97; Seibutsu fuchaku boshi taisaku no shinpo `97
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kawabe, A. [Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1998-01-15
Some recent information is presented about the adhesion of organisms to marine structures. A biocoating is a community of microorganisms adhering to the surface of an object, composed of a matrix of exocrines and what it carries, which are suspended matters originating in the seawater and organic particles originating in the organisms. As a biotechnological measure for preventing the adhesion of large organisms, there is the use of synthetic repellents. New chemicals, however, have to clear the law requesting a review and approval of the authorities concerned before they can be put to use. Furthermore, their cost if high will give rise to another difficult problem. There are two chemical methods against them, one the injection of chemicals aiming at all larvae on the adherence stage and the other the execution of electrolysis for the formation of repellent chemicals in the seawater. In case a thick chemical concentration is mandatory for a good result, chemicals may be allowed to melt out of the coating or surface electrolysis may be caused by use of a conductive coating. Available for providing the object with an organism-rejecting surface are functional materials such as silicone, chlorine generating electrodes, and repellent-containing carriers. Also mentioned in this report are electrochemical methods, use of copper alloys or zinc, and application of silicone-based coatings. 129 refs., 16 figs, 8 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sugi, T. [Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1998-10-01
Outlined in this report are microbe-caused troubles that happen in manufacturing processes particularly in water treatment systems, measures for dealing with such troubles, and the antimicrobial and fungicidal functions presented by slime inhibiting agents. In heat exchangers in production lines in chemical and iron-making industries, and in paper making processes in paper and pulp industry, deposits, called slime and composed mainly of microbes, occur to cause various troubles such as reduction in production efficiency. In general, vermicides and multiplication depressants are used for the prevention and removal of slime deposition. They include chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, chlorinated isocyanuric acid, and dibromohydantoin, which are used for slime control mainly in cooling water systems. Slime inhibitors are needed for paper pulp, antiseptic agents with its effect lasting long are required for industrial production, and, in small cooling towers where chlorine management is demanding, antimicrobial agents of the organic nature are used. In case water treatment is inappropriately performed, troubles may be caused by Legionella microbes, for whose destruction chemical-aided washing is necessary. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
For the purpose of increasing the research capability of the Center for Consultancy, Training and Technology Transfer in Vietnam, research cooperation for prevention of water pollution was given for plants of the local industry located in the suburbs of Hanoi city. In the survey of the actual state of the water pollution in the industrial area in the suburbs of Hanoi city, the following was found out: In the area, approximately 110 companies of the production industry such as livestock feed, papermaking, dyeing, brewing, construction materials, etc. are in operation and are discharging the untreated waste water into rivers and waterways because waste water treatment facilities are not prepared yet. In this research cooperation, the following were carried out: detailed survey of specified plants and proposal for improvement, training of Vietnamese researchers/engineers in charge of water pollution prevention technology, invitation to/training at Japan of Vietnamese managers/researchers, seminar to be held on the site, equipment to be given that is needed to measure water quality. The equipment to be given is a portable multi-item water quality meter and analytical equipment such as spectrometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Oshima, K [Geological Survey of Japan, Tokyo (Japan)
1991-09-01
This paper describes the considerations on the influence of the global warming on the environment, and the discussions on the measures against the climatic changes. With respect to the environmental effects by the global warming, the considerations were given based on the studies on the effects of mainly the Quaternary climatic changes on the surface sea water temperatures, sea level and animal flocks. If the magnitude of the climatic changes anticipated to occur during the 21st century is lower than that have taken place in the past 10,000 years during which the agricultural production has developed to a full-scale, there would be no fear of drastically changing the ecology on earth. If the estimation of future climatic and environmental changes becomes possible, then four basic positions could be selected for establishing the contermeasure plans. That is, the first is the measures to correspond to birth-rebirth transmigration; the second is the measures to carbon dioxide disposition upon concluding that the cause for the global warming is the atmospheric increase of carbon dioxide concentration, measures for conservation and international cooperation; the third is to deal with the warming environments; and the fourth is the means to reconstruct the earth. While a number of countermeasures may be prepared, Which of them should be selected will be decided by the amount of effects. 15 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tanaka, T [Nara Women' s University, Nara (Japan). Faculty of Home Economics
1991-11-30
This study notes the life styles of people who reside in apartment houses, investigates the habitat segregation in the shapes of houses and living stories preferred according to the life styles, and clarifies what common facilities and services are demanded by the residents. Based on two axes of urban life orientation and positiveness toward community activities, three life style groups were extracted, namely, the urban type, community type and negative type groups. The urban type group has the features that many of them are of smali family, have a high ratio of self-engaged or free-time business, and have high incomes. Expanding the front desk reception service seems to give residents more satisfaction than increasing the number of common facilities. The community type group puts more importance on the neighborhood relationship. Medium-rise housing appears to be more suitable for them. Two or more of common facilities and common spaces are required to meet residents {prime} demand for community activities and interchanges with neighbors. The negative type group neither uses the common facilities and services very often nor demands much about them. 9 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Honda, S; Murayama, Y; Tanaka, H; Yazawa, T; Eguchi, K [Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka (Japan)
1991-11-25
This paper describes efficiency improvement in wastewater treatment to separate SS component using anaerobic fermentation with fixable microorganisms and multihole glass separation films. Measurement of microorganism deposition on microporous PVF resin in a fermentation tank revealed that hydrophilic resins with smooth surface have better deposition, and the suitable carrier hole diameters were from 300[mu]m to 500[mu]m. Adding slightly-soluble carbonate when bacteria are fixed collectively is effective in preserving the entire methane fermentation reaction system and stabilizing the carriers. A composite film comprising SiO2-ZrO2-based porous glass made by using a sol-gel process and porous ceramics had the maximum desalination rate reaching 90%. The permeation rate at a film thickness of 2[mu]m was 46 times as much of that for 500-[mu]m single-layer porous glass. As a result of reforming the pore surface by introducing -Si(CH3)3, the film has turned affinitive to non-polar solvent, repelling water to permeate. In an experiment for fermentation liquid permeation of separation film composite bioreactor using digestive sludge, the higher the SS particle concentration, the more the initial clogging was difficult to occur. The film permeating flow velocity showed a maximum value at hole diameters of about 0.2[mu]m. 3 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1996-03-01
To know the trend of measures taken for global warming, conducted were overseas surveys, participation in academic society meetings, and literature surveys. The phaseout time of all ozone depleting substances responsible for the ozonospherial destruction was determined for both developed and developing countries in the 7th Meeting of countries which concluded the Montreal Protocol. As information on measures for protecting the ozonosphere, introduced was activities under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). New fluorine containing ethers were introduced as cleaning solvent which causes no ozonospherial destruction and is low in global warming index. Toxicity data were obtained on HFC-236ea and HFC-236fa which are promising substitutes in HCFC foaming and refrigerant fields. The paper introduced an outline of the 1st Meeting of countries which concluded the Framework Convention on Climate Change held in 1995. According to the report on the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection of the Netherlands, the amount of emission of fluorine containing greenhouse effect gas (in CO2 conversion) reached 8-14% of all the amount of greenhouse effect gas emitted in 1990 unless the control is reinforced. An outline of the TEWI-3 project was introduced which is useful for comparing effects of substitution technologies on global warming. 14 refs., 11 figs., 29 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Suzuki, Y. [Setsunan University, Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1998-05-05
This paper describes the survey of energy load leveling systems in Europe. In Denmark, especially regional heating is remarkably diffused, and they have 350 plants. With extending the service areas, the energy load leveling has been promoted. For the cogeneration plants of SK Power, the largest electric power company, they have hot water heat storage tanks for regional heat supply with a total capacity 2,200 MWh. The regional heating system in Goeteborg City of Sweden supplies 80% of the total heat demand of the city. Unused energy sources derived from petroleum refining, sewage treatment, and garbage burning are utilized. In Uppsala, they have seasonal heat storage systems using solar heat. The Vienna Regional Heat Supply Corporation supplies heat equivalent to 5,000 GWh a year. Cogeneration plants and garbage burning plants are used as heat sources, and 25% of the total heating in the city is supplied. In Austria, they have an electric power demand with a peak in winter, and they have a pumped-storage power station in Kaprun for the annual load leveling using dump power in summer. This paper also introduces a compressed air storage gas turbine plant at Huntorf of Germany, and a large-scale underground natural gas storage of Gaz de France. 6 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Inamori, Y. (national Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba (Japan)); Takamatsu, Y. (University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba (Japan))
1993-05-01
This paper describes the effect of surfactants on purification capability and living life phases in the living life membrane method and the activated sludge method as biological waste water treatment methods. As a result of treating artificial waste water in an immersion hearth process of the living life membrane method, it was found that LAS added concentration at 50 mg/l or higher would not affect noticeably the quality of water treated under a steady-state operation, but that at 100 mg/l has aggravated the treated water quality by increasing COD. In the case of soaps, the COD in the treated water has aggravated when the added concentration is 70 mg/l or higher. The result of discussing the activated sludge process using urban sewage water indicated that COD in the treated water shows higher value for synthetic detergents than for soaps at the detergent added concentration of 140 mg/l or higher, having affected adversely the treated water quality. An activated sludge treatment process was operated to identify the effects of synthetic detergents and soaps on living life phases in the activated sludge and living life membranes. The result suggests that either the LAS added system or the soap added system presents no problems in a long-time aeration, while activated sludge aerated for the standard period of time has a possibility of abnormally proliferating filamentous microorganisms that can cause bulking in the soap system. 14 refs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Komiyama, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1993-05-01
This Paper describes briefly a question of whether growing coral reefs could be an effective means to fix CO2 in sea water in order to mitigate global warming: Growing coral reefs could be a promising method from the following three views: Photosynthesis performed by diverse ecosystems that constitute coral reefs is thought to excel calcification (accompanying CO2 discharge from sea to the atmosphere); corals all over the world would fix CO2 at an annual rate of several hundred million tons; and no much energies are consumed to fix CO2. However, these favorable views depend upon another condition that a time period for the CO2 fixation is not too short (a measure for the time being is 100 years or longer). Elucidating where organic matters generated by the photosynthesis would go is an important question to meet this requirement. The paper indicates that measuring nitrogen and phosphor balances in addition to carbon balance is effective for measuring ratio of a net photosynthesis rate to the calcification rate. 4 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
Networking is being executed with an objective of exchanging information on global environment technologies at an international level. In order to further promote the information exchange, and to make web sites user-friendly, fiscal 1998 has performed structuring a thesis renewal system. As a result of structuring the thesis renewal system, researchers can use the system as using a word processor by inputting data from a terminal in their laboratories. The data can also be made into a data base nearly semi-automatically. In addition to reducing time loss, delay and input errors because of re-entry, the researchers can make the data into a database on nearly a real time basis, and can provide their own theses to any part of the world through Internet. With regard to retaining Internet security, the security software having been introduced last year was renewed. In addition, detailed status such as daily access has become possible of identification as a result of introducing the net intellect. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Miyata, N.
1997-08-10
Seismic countermeasures for the existing structures are introduced on the main item: reinforcement of open-cut tunnel RC center pillars as well as on reinforcement of rigid frame viaduct pillars and installation of a device for prevention of viaduct falling. First, for reinforcing open-cut tunnel center pillars, design was devised so as to be suitable to construction environment in the subway yard. Important reinforcement materials are steel and filling materials; SS and a self-leveling material for building construction were chosen. The following construction work procedures are explained based on the actual construction: removal of interior materials of existing pillars and measurement of the actual size, high pressure water washing, steel plate fabrication, plate delivery to the yard, installation of steel plates, filler filling, painting. Next, on reinforcement of viaduct pillars on the ground, the reinforcement design concept is basically same as in the open-cut tunnel. Points of difference in design and construction are explained. On the countermeasure for prevention of viaduct falling for girder bridges without the falling prevention, countermeasure investigation and design work or installation work are being carried out. Seismic resistance evaluation and design of existing bridges, and construction work are explained. 13 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hasegawa, K. (Fir Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan))
1990-09-01
Occurence probability and the size of the industrial accident (frequency and intensity) in Japan surpassed USA since 1970, having improved its safety record year by year. The decrease in the occurence of accidents in Japan is a result of various successful measures taken in various sectors of industries. Development of disasters prevention technology is always demanded in accordance with the progress of the science and technology. A methodology of disaster prevention measures comprises accident analysis (statistical or individual)(inductive or passive) and a safety principle (assessment of danger characteristics of the chemical substances, equipment examination technique, risk analysis, analysis of a near-mistake)(deduction or positive), block should support each other for establishing the safety technology. Types of the explosion accident involves a vapor mass explosion, BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion), boil-over and vapor explosion, explosion due to run-away reaction, explosion of explosive substance and dust explosion. 13 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nakamura, K. [Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1996-07-25
This paper describes technologies and devices suitable for disposing of sewage and waste water produced in a ship. Methods for disposing of sewage in a ship include such physico-chemical disposition methods as disinfection and sterilization, and such biological disposition methods as activated sludge sewage disposition and catalytic oxidation (biological membrane treatment). Sewage treatment devices include a storage tank type sewage treatment device often used in inner sea liners such as ferry boats, and a biological treatment device (aeration device) used as a mainstream in merchant ships, large passenger liners, and governmental ships. With the storage tank type sewage treatment device, sewage is stored in a storage tank provisionally while a ship is cruising in a discharge prohibited sea area, and discharged in a sea area allowing the discharge or when the ship enters a port. The method is simple, but limited in storage volume. An activated sludge sewage treatment device consists of a tank divided into an aeration chamber, a sedimentation chamber and a disinfection chamber, an air compressor, a chlorine dissolving apparatus, and a screen. Sewage is digested and decomposed by activated sludge, and the top clear water is disinfected by chlorine, and then discharged. 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Watanabe, H.; Zhang, S. [Meijo Univ., Nagoya (Japan); Okada, N. [Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan). Disaster Prevention Research Inst.
1995-10-20
Wastewater reuse can be considered as a type of water resource development which is expected to improve the aquatic environment, as well as the stability and reliability of municipal water supply systems. To this extent, wastewater reuse has been taken into account in the planning of water supply systems in several Japanese cities. However, to date the effect of wastewater reuse on water supply system stabilization has not been discussed quantitatively, and the relation between waster water reuse rate and water supply system stability has not been analyzed. In this study, a stochastic model has been presented to evaluate the stability of water supply systems with optimal wastewater reuse rate. Some theoretical analyses and numerical studies were performed, and all of the results have shown that the model is reliable for not only basic studies on water supply system stability, but also for practical use as well. 5 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mitsuno, T; Nagahori, K [Okayama Univ., Okayama (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture; Yamamoto, T [Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo (Japan)
1991-09-01
Polders have no basin of their own, and the supply of irrigation water in polders is always short and unstable. The irrigation water system is so structured that the conflicting objects of both the insurance of irrigation water and drainage of rainwater can be achieved. Quoting an example at the surrounding area of the Kojima Bay in the southern area of Okayaja Prefecture where inning (land reclamation by drainage) has been practiced for a long time, problems in drainage improvement required for better use of low-lying flat lands are discussed. There are complicate relations among the safety against flood, rainwater drainage capability, stock capacity, and critical leveling time, therefore, the basic operation which must be performed at first in making a drainage plan is to determine the basic framework of the plan taking those relations into consideration. In low-lying flat lands, safety of the total area against flood has been established basing on the stock capacity of the paddy fields, and it is important to secure paddy field areas to a certain extent. 8 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Endo, Y. (Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))
1992-05-05
Since bunker fuel became extremely expensive through the first and second oil crisis, the share of steam turbines having lower thermal efficiency than diesel engines became less, and at present, almost all ships and vessels are equipped with Diesel engines. Also fuel consumption of a diesel engine has successfully been reduced by 24% in about 10 years, but the discharge of air pollutant in the exhaust gas has shown a trend of increase. Air pollutant in exhaust gas of marine engines which has not drawn attention so far has also begun attracting notice, and as marine traffic increases, some control of it will be made sooner or later. Hence economical and effective counter measures against exhaust gas are necessary. In this article, as measures for reducing NO {sub x}, discussions are made on water-emulsion fuel, humidification of air supply, multi-nozzle atomization, injection time delaying and SCR (selective catalitic reduction). Also measures for reducing SO {sub x} is commented upon and the continuation of superiority of Diesel engines in the future is predicted. 5 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nagasaka, M. [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1995-12-20
For the waste water from meat processing factories, high in BOD and fat concentration, an effective treatment method was studied, wherein quillaia saponin was dosed. The waste water treatment facility of Factory K, manufacturer of ham and sausage, includes a total volume of 410m{sup 3} of aeration tanks taking in an average of 300m{sup 3}/day of waste water. The facility suffers from sludge overflows routinely, and, as a measure to cope with the situation, coagulating agents are dosed to the waste water for forced settlement. Under these circumstances, investigations were conducted to learn the effect of saponin dosing to the facility. Beginning on the 50th day of operation, saponin was dosed to the aeration tanks, and no coagulating agents were dosed to the waste water being treated by aeration. Approximately 3mg/liter of saponin was dosed to the influent waste water not treated. As the result, it was found that the BOD value decreased in the treated waste water while that in the influent untreated waste water increased as the run advanced. Even when the load grew heavier and the pretreatment was dispensed with, there was improvement in the treated water thanks to saponin dosing, which confirmed the effectiveness of saponin dosing. 6 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nishioka, Shuzo [National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Tokyo, (Japan)
1990-01-25
It is a matter of course that the issue of the global warming requires management of policy science, but the ultimate target of various propositions is not just the holding back of the global warming which causes the collapse of living; it is necessary to check the propositions from the viewpoints of evasion of international strifes, security of fairness among generations, measures against uncertainty, and measures delayed from the actual phenomena. For Japan it is necessary to declare its responsibility to the environment, and make it clear that Japan pays sufficient costs and efforts. In order to exhibit its leadership, Japan must clarify its stance and then contribute to the world making the most of its unparalleled ability consolidated in the systematic and technical background of public pollution and in the cultural conception. Targeted policies will be the support of developing countries in their independent environmental management, exhibition of leadership in the environmental field and acceleration of international agreements. 4 refs., 1 fig.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sema, T [Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)
1991-04-01
A quantitative evaluation was made on techniques of CO{sub 2} immobilization utilizing organisms by referring to literatures. The techniques used for the evaluation were the following six ones: The first one is to plant trees on wastelands located in the tropics and the subtropics and CO{sub 2} is immobilized by grown trees. The second one is to compulsorily blow CO{sub 2} into water to immobilize CO{sub 2} by multiplicated microorganisms such as green algae. The third one is to multipulicate phytoplanktons by spraying deficient trace elements on oceans where trace elements such as Fe are deficient in spite of rich nutritive salts to absorb and immobilize CO{sub 2}in seawater. The fourth one is to multipulicate shellfishes in coastal regions to immobilize CO{sub 2} in seawater as their shells. The fifth one is to multipulicate many coral reefs in tropic or subtropic coastal regions to immobilize CO{sub 2} as calcium carbonate. The sixth one is to multipulicate large size seaseeds such as giant kelps in shallow seawaters to immobilize CO{sub 2} in seawater. The width of each applicabe area, immibilizingcapability of CO{sub 2} and the executing cost were considered to evaluate respective methods. As a result, the multipulication of marine planktons were thought most promising. 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-02-01
A new energy vision was established that discusses how the way the new energy introduction consistent with district characteristics should be, and has at the same time the leadership and specificity. Takane Town in Yamanashi Prefecture is a town located in the south skirt of Mt. Yatsugatake, having a population of about 9400 and households of about 3200. The town consumes energies converted into petroleum of about 19,000 kL/year. The activity achievements were put into order by the following five items: 1) what is the new energy vision?, 2) district characteristics, 3) the basic plan, 4) plans placed with emphasis, and 5) promotion of the vision. Item 4 includes introduction of new energies into the welfare, education and cultural facilities, utilization of bio-mass energy using livestock resources, introduction of new energies into the Hananomori Park at South Yatsugatake, introduction of clean energy fueled automobiles, and small hydropower generation utilizing clean streams in the Kiyosato area, introduction of new energies into the Kiyosato Station square, introduction of next generation agriculture utilizing new energies, and communications with nature and ecology of Takane Town. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nagasaka, M. [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1995-12-20
For waste water treatment facilities of S marine products industrial complex, a demonstrative test was carried out on a waste water treatment method in which addition of biological activity promoter `quillaia saponin` and the aerobic/anaerobic method are combined. In the S marine products industrial complex, there are more than 100 plants which deal mostly with salt-preserved and boiled-fish-paste products. The plant is operated by the activated sludge method with the pretreatment pressurized floatation. The capacity of the aeration tank and concentration tank for the experiment was 2600m{sup 3} and 110m{sup 3}, respectively. The amount of saponin added was approximately 3mg/L for the amount of influent (raw waste water). The measurement items were transparency, SS, COD, BOD, n-hexane extracts (oil content), MLSS, etc. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the equipment of flocculant addition and pressurized floatation as pretreatment facilities is not necessary; the activated sludge treatment of even the waste water in which n-hexane extracts are more than 100mg/L is possible without the pretreatment; and the n-hexane extracts in the treated water is less than 2mg/L. 7 refs., 7 figs., 6 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hayashida, T. [Hitachi Plant Engineering and Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Hatta, T. [Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1997-10-15
This paper introduces the electrodialysis method, the reverse osmosis method, and the evaporation system for reutilization of waste water in non-collection lines in power plants. In the electrodialysis method, waste water which has been divided and fed conventionally into a desalination chamber and a concentration chamber is supplied into the desalination chamber in the whole quantity to improve the recovery efficiency. A process of supplying sea water into the concentration chamber has made prevention of scaling possible. A small testing machine of high recovery electrodialysis system utilizing sea water was installed in an exclusively coal burning thermal power plant. A 3200-hour verification test has been performed, and its high treatment performance was verified. General waste water in thermal power plants is a waste water relatively less contaminated, which can be desalinated by using the reverse osmosis method to recover usable water at a low cost. However, the recovery rate decreases if salt concentration in the waste water is high. In contrast, the evaporation method can maintain the recovery rate at 90% or higher for salt concentration in the subject waste water of up to 20 g/l. Power plants in the United States built in inland areas use the evaporation method because of difficulty in obtaining sufficient amount of water. 6 refs., 22 figs., 7 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
In order to construct the information network system for a research of innovative technology for the earth, a prototype has been made. To draw necessary functions for the information network system, an information flow in a general research work is analyzed to classify it based on the functions. The information collecting function, information accumulating and sharing function, special information system for research, information providing function, and communication function of the net work correspond to the collecting information, accumulating information, being engaged in research, providing information, and communication of researcher`s actions, respectively. The services on network system supposed from these functions are the homepage search mailing list, intranet service, special information system for research, WWW Internet broadcasting, and BBS/news/conference tool, respectively. It was found that latest Internet technology enabled to construct easily controlled system environment for users and WWW would develop as a standard communication tool. 2 refs., 26 figs., 27 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
For the formulation of guidelines for the construction of an appropriate landscape in the 21st century for the creation of 'landscape industry' in a sustainable society, researches were conducted for the development of landscape materials to constitute living circumstances equipped with 'life landscape' and of technologies for evaluating them. In the landscape designing system subcommittee, the current states and problems of landscape designing systems were analyzed and problems to solve were clarified, these problems involving systems and institutions, people and collaboration, formation of a consensus, systems for production and distribution, etc. In the landscape materials subcommittee, a 'landscape cell' concept in which a life space is the unit was employed in discussing the needs for landscape materials to meet and in extracting the seeds the industry was able to offer for improvement on landscape. In the landscape evaluation subcommittee, the history and today of landscape were reviewed to define what was to be respected in the development of evaluation techniques, and guidelines were extracted towards landscape materials development and landscape industry promotion. In addition, a Landscape Frontier symposium was held. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fujie, M. [Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1997-07-05
As for high-elderly society, Japan is going to face in near future, self dependency without depending on others as far as possible of bed ridden people or people using wheel chair and also including the probable elderly ones is going to be necessary. In Japan, there is so far accumulation of high level mechatronics technology and it is thought that there is possible to develop a system to fulfill such needs. In this system, equipment has deep connection with human being and natural coexistence between the equipment and human being is most necessary. Accordingly, development and practical use of walking practicing machine used for elderly people, walking support system, daily life work support system and so forth are expected by making successful in practice the coexistence functions of high level robot/mechatronics technology and machine/man. However, the study regarding the technology that are common to man and machine, particularly, research of mental characteristics and physical characteristics of human being is still insufficient and further results are expected. 9 refs., 12 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
The present research and development is intended to develop the following technology: a system technology to measure, understand and accumulate human activities, analyze objectively the compatibility of human being with products and environments, and support to have the products and working environments comply with activity characteristics of individual persons (a system technology to create human life compatible living environment). Human activities are developed in various scenes, and it is not easy to structure technologies to measure, understand and support the activities common to all of the scenes. Therefore, development will be made on the technologies for measuring, understanding and supporting the activities in the human activity scenes. Development of the manipulative activity complying technology deals with human activities in the scenes to operate devices by which the activities are changed by situation identification and skills in addition to activity characteristics of individual persons. Furthermore, as a scene in which attention to the activity characteristics of individual persons, skills, and external situation is a problem, the automobile driving activities are taken up for discussion, as well as the object building work activities as a scene in which difference in skills of individuals is a problem. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kuromoto, E. (The Tokyo Electric Power Co. Inc., Tokyo (Japan))
1993-02-12
This paper explains quantitatively performance of heat storage tanks contributing largely to levelling power loads, and promoting and spreading more effective use of unutilized energies. A model case was used to compare differences in effectiveness of unutilized energy utilization with and without use of heat storage tanks. The heat demand used was a value in a day with a peak room cooling demand, and a heat supply system using water heat source heat pumps that utilize sewage treated water was used to manufacture cold water. As a result, the effective utilization rate of unutilized energy was increased to about 1.3 times when heat storage tanks were used. Effectiveness of a heat storage tank comes from its capability that excess amount of cold water manufactured during nighttime when heat demand falls by utilizing sewage treated water is stored in the heat storage tank, and the stored cold water can be supplied being mixed with cold water manufactured during daytime when heat demand rises sharply in daytime. Because sewage treated water has its annual temperature difference stabilized at about 10[degree]C, a heat pump utilizing the sewage treated water can reduce power required to produce heat of 1 Gcal by about 40% during room heating and about 15% during room cooling over the heating tower type heat pump. 8 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
Emission amount of nitrous oxide (N2O) from anthropogenic sources is analyzed, and reduction effects by the abatement technologies are evaluated. The concentration of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere continues to increase and emissions from agricultural and ecosystem sources are drawing particular attention. For the emission of N2O in Japan, 8.28 Gg-N2O per year is emitted from fossil fuel combustion facilities, 6.95 from waste incineration facilities, 22.5 from transportation vehicles including automobiles, 26.7 from the chemical industry including establishments engaged in adipic acid production, 2.1 from sewage treatment facilities including septic tanks, 6.3 from farmland, and 7.1 from livestock excrement. For the N2O abatement technologies for different sources, fuel improvement, high temperature combustion, acceleration of reduction decomposition reaction, and development of catalysts are significant for the combustion technologies. In connection with N2O discharged in the process of adipic acid production, major businesses have internationally committed to up to 99% abatement of the N2O emissions by 1998. With regard to wastewater and sewage treatment facilities and septic tanks, improvement in COD/NO-N ratio, retention period, pH level, and reduction process is pointed out. 204 refs., 70 figs., 53 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-09-01
Described herein are United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the world AIJ (Activities Implemented Jointly) projects, and the Japan's measures and NEDO's energy-saving model projects therefor. NEDO has been inviting the public to join the contests for the projects to be implemented as part of the AIJ Japan program for the first time since April 1996. A total of 11 projects were adopted in July, including the model project for recovering heat from red-hot coke with inert gas, to be implemented by NEDO in China. After the first invitation, an individual proposal will be accepted and examined for which no time limit is set. The NEDO's model projects approved so far include demonstration studies on facilities for effective utilization of paper-making sludge, waste heat recovery at steel furnaces, energy-saving at electric furnaces for alloys, effective utilization of waste heat at garbage incinerators, and power saving at cement kilns. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Okada, T.; Sato, N.; Ito, M. (Shikoku Electric Power Co. Inc., Kagawa (Japan))
1991-03-15
After the oil shock, Saijou thermal power station converted its energy source into coal to diversify the power source. With rising operation rate at the plant after fuel conversion, leaky condenser tubes have increased. Such leakage concentrated especially in new 70/30 cupro-nickel tubes equipped in air cooling zones of the condenser. This report investigates the cause of this leakage and describes the study results on the corrosion prevention. Consequently, following two measures were taken: a measure to prevent local erosion of aluminum brass pipes by means of preventing inflow of foreign materials such as seashells; a measure to prevent corrosion of 70/30 cupro-nickel sulfide by strengthening the injection of ferrous sulfate and by test loading of coated tubes. As a result, no sea water was leaked. Moreover, it was found through the eddy current examination that sulfide corrosion of the new 70/30 cupro-nickel tubes was reduced by iron coat and the rate of losing its thickness decreased remarkably. 1 ref., 15 figs., 5 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1993-03-01
The present paper suggests chief measures to suppress and reduce global greenhouse gases. Under the control of artificial environments such as bioreactor, hydroponics and vegetable factory, a very high fixing rate of CO2 can be obtained, but CO2 generation accompanying electric power consumption is also large. It is preferable to use methane as resource by reforming reactions or selective oxidative reaction. In the recovery technique of fluorocarbon, 100% recovery is desirable. Techniques for decomposing recovered fluorocarbon and converting it to harmless material are the most backward ones. Understanding of essential structural relationship of coal is necessary for establishing combustion technique for the reduction of N2O. The integrated power generation system composed from solid electrolyte type fuel cell and coal-gasifying process, high-performance, superheat pump system form scientific technology imposing no burden on the global environment. Establishment of purification technique for industrial- or living-related drain inflowing to a closed water area system, establishment and reinforcement of inspection system for oil spill in the oceans in a global scale are required. 240 refs., 63 figs., 30 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shinoda, T; Fukuchi, N; Fujii, H [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Sato, S
1996-04-10
It was intended to confirm, based on various problems surrounding oil flow-out accidents, that oil fences whose use is first considered when an oil flow-out accident occurs cause oil leakage due to oil pass-through phenomenon as the largest defect in performance of oil fences. Therefore, oil fence performance was analyzed by using a simulation. Furthermore, several types of diffusion prevention and avoidance measures, and combinations thereof were evaluated by using multi-criteria analysis. It was also elucidated how recognitions on the importance of methods to prevent oil pollution differ depending on standpoints. Difference in oil flow-out prevention performance of oil fences due to variation in tidal currents was made clear by combining a diffusion simulation using the finite element method with the prevention performance of oil fences relative to the tidal currents. In areas with no good hydrographic conditions where pollution spreads rapidly, it is necessary to suppress oil diffusion by extending oil fences double or triple, and using gelling agents. 4 refs., 8 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wataya, I. [Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan)
1994-08-05
In Japan where there have been occurring many earthquakes, anti-earthquake measures is one of important things that corporations should take as risk management. In particular, in the chemical industry where a large amount of combustible materials, toxic materials and high-pressure gases are used which has high potential hazard, it is its social responsibility to prevent leakage, fires and explosions of those materials due to earthquakes, and to take in advance measures for minimizing damages if they happen. This paper introduces, as actual anti-earthquake measures, mainly the anti-earthquake measures for facilities and equipment and the plans of prevention of disasters by earthquake of the Kawasaki Plant of Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd. The points in anti-earthquake design are to determine design idea and anti-earthquake design standards based on the investigations into the locational conditions of plants, the evaluation of plant safety and estimation of damage at the time of earthquake; and to adopt a fail safe mechanism for operating a plant on the safe side in the event of earthquake in its design. 2 refs., 1 fig.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yano, H.; Hashimoto, S.; Yonemura, S. [Shimizu Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Shoda, M. [Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Yokohama (Japan)
1997-07-10
Activated carbon impregnated iodic acid (deodorant D) was developed as a new deodorant. Deodorization performance of deodorant D as well as three kinds of commercial activated carbons (deodorant A, B and C) was tested for odors originating from the kitchen wastewater treatment facilities of one commercial building. The odor exhausted from this facility was medium concentration between 422 and 31,620. The main odorous compounds were hydrogen sulfide (0.076 to 15.7 ppm) and methyl mercaptan (not detected to 0.081 ppm). The hydrogen sulfide contribution to the odor concentration was about 90%. The main apparatuses from which the odors were originating were the raw water tank and the pressurized flotation tank. The total odor emission rate was between 10{sup 4.9} and 10{sup 5.7} Nm{sup 3}/min. For the performance test for deodorants, fixed bed adsorption experimental equipment was used, and the breakthrough time of odor concentration and hydrogen sulfide were used as indexes. Correlation between the contact time and the breakthrough time was observed for all of the deodorants. For a contact time of 0.5 sec, the breakthrough times for odor concentration were D>C>B>A, and the breakthrough times for hydrogen sulfide were D>C>B>A. Effectiveness of activated carbon impregnated iodic acid was recognized. 11 refs., 7 figs., 7 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yoneda, M. (Kawada Industries Inc., Tokyo (Japan))
1994-05-01
In recent years, long span of cable-stayed bridges is remarkable. The wind-induced cable vibration called as line vibration and wake galloping was given as an important problem not only in the steel cable-stayed bridges but also in the PC cable-stayed bridges. The technical engineers in design of the cable-stayed bridges have many times to confront the problems on the vibration control of cables, it is considered that sufficient understand of the wind-induced vibration and countermeasures for cables of the PC cable-stayed bridges is necessary. Many reports on the countermeasure examples and trend of vibration control centred on cables of the cable-stayed bridges have been published. In this paper, the wind-induced vibration of cables in the cable-stayed bridges was reviewed, the examples of countermeasures of vibration control on cables in the PC cable-stayed bridges was mainly introduced. The remaining tasks and future prospects on vibration control of the PC cable-stayed bridges were described. 14 refs., 13 figs., 4 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
This paper reports the research results on the present state and future trend of protective measures for the ozone layer, and the trend of preventive measures against global warming by substituting CFCs such as HFC, through international conferences, meetings and lecture meetings, and literature survey. In the 8th meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol, it was presented that refrigerator producers in Thailand phased out CFCs from their products earlier than the schedule in cooperation with Japan. The final draft including the approval of essential use from 1997 to 2002 was reviewed, and reported to the technology/economy assessment panel. Reduction of ozone depleting substances was guided in Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines. The latest trend of substituting technologies of HCFC was surveyed, and the control trend of F-containing greenhouse effect gas emission was also surveyed through the conference of the parties of climate change in fiscal 1996. Based on the IPCC report in 1995, the emission amount of greenhouse gases of nearly 10% in contribution such as CO2, methane and fluorocarbon was arranged. R and D on destruction of CFCs was also surveyed. 35 refs., 54 figs., 32 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-10
Meidensha Corporation delivered electrical components to Nippon Steel Corporation for its physical improvement program. At the raw material transportation facility of Kimitsu Works, construction work for physical improvement measures was carried out aiming at the enhancement of productivity of the sintering process and the rationalization of materials flow and equipment in the yard. Meidensha Corporation delivered electrical apparatuses such as conveyer driving components and an overall operation monitor/control unit, performed improvement on the instrument boards that were already in existence, and thereby realized remotely controlled automatic operation from the raw materials center and an overall operation monitor/control function. The important control devices are a conveyer motor, a motor operating board, three sets of overall conveyer controlling PCs (UNISEQUE SB6000), an auxiliary relay board, a CRT-aided monitor/control unit, a mover trunk setting board, a work site operation appliance/detector, a modified operation/monitor board and an automatic broadcasting unit. The CRT-aided monitor/control unit (MEIDACS-BCC) monitors and controls the operation of the facility as a whole, serving as the axis of raw materials transportation control. Load optimization is accomplished by the addition of the overall conveyer control function. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1996-03-01
With an objective to structure an information network system to promote research information exchange on global environment preserving technologies, the currently used RITE information system was reviewed, and the WWW home page was discussed. Three years have passed since the structuring of the RITE information system, during which remarkably popularized use of the Internet can be seen. With respect to provision of research information through the Internet, IP connection is possible in almost all the countries; a variety of research information utilizing WWW are provided; multi-media functions are advancing in image information, audio information and animated image information; and retrieval servers are improved according to applicable fields. Regarding the RITE information system, discussions are given on improvement in the Internet access environment, and expansion in information providing scope and information exchange environment. A WWW home page was prepared on a trial basis, which indicated that a considerable amount of information can be provided even under the presently retained information and the current network environment. 2 refs., 28 figs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kawano, K. [Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1997-09-05
The result of field investigation carried out on the state of damages of 236 hazardous material storage tanks out of 687 caused by the Hyogoken Nambu Earthquake in 1995 is introduced together with the cases of damage and the description of the countermeasures. The events of inclination and settlement of tank bodies were confirmed in 44% among those investigated in particular with tanks having a capacity of less than 1000kl and as for the basement and ground settlement, the fact that sand spouted as a result of their fluidization was witnessed as much as 81% among those investigated and the area surrounding tanks was roughly agreed with the area where ground crack appeared. A great number of other damages such as cracking of preventive seals against rain water, breakdown of oil defense banks and so forth were also confirmed. In the latter half of the report, aseismatic standards of old and new regulations as well as on the new criterion concerning the outdoor storage tank body, its basement and ground are tabulated and 4 items of anti-earthquake measures such as the final structural check up with regard to an earthquake exceeding the designed permissible stress, consolidation of tank body structure on the basis of the revised seismic coefficient method, assurance of the steadfast basement, prevention of the elevated platform from falling down and strengthening of water-proof seals and oil defense banks are enumerated in accordance with the report of investigation and examination on the resistibility of hazardous material storage equipment against the earthquake. 3 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sato, H. [Public Works Research Inst., Tsukuba (Japan); Takeda, T.; Mukai, H. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Oikawa, K. [SE Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
1996-01-30
In recent years, the techniques for the typical PC bridges shown in the title have been considerably developed in Japan. However, occurrence of characteristic vibrations of the parallel cables even at relatively low wind speeds are observed in many cases, for which an effective control means is inevitably required. In this report, an investigation of tests on effectiveness of 4 kinds of vibration control means carried out in a wind tunnel and its results are described. In the test, an elastic model of 3-dimension was used for 5 test cases including a case without any control means, and each case was explained and examined in detail. It was revealed that for a damping system, a considerably large damping effect was necessary to restraint the wake galloping, and the cable distance selected to be 1.5 times smaller or 6 times larger than the cable diameter was effective, and while vibration control wires were effective, the adjustment of the cable vibration frequency was ineffective. It was also pointed out that a further verification would be necessary for the latter 2 control systems as no enough experience was yet accumulated in the actual service. 13 refs., 16 figs., 6 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Watanabe, T; Koizumi, T; Sassa, K [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1997-05-27
Effect of water injection/draining on elastic waves penetrating through cracks is examined by measuring elastic waves before, during, and after the injection/draining of water into/from cracks in presence in granite. Two blocks of rock, with their crack-containing surfaces in contact with each other, are placed in a vessel, and water injection/draining is done through a hole on a vessel bottom side so that water will penetrate into the cracks. When the blocks are dry, there is almost no contact between the cracks, and so no crack penetrating waves are observed. Crack penetrating waves are produced when water is injected, and the position of the receiver sensing the penetrating waves changes as the water level rises. When the water level is lowered from the high water level, the waveform changes again as the level changes. The change in waveform is not so remarkable, however, as that observed during water injection thanks to the water residual in the cracks. It is now inferred that crack investigation is more effective when it is carried out with water being injected into dry cracks. The difference produced between the dry state and wet state when water is injected into dry cracks is used to detect the presence of cracks in this experiment, and this may be applied also to the investigation of cracks in the shallow part of the ground. 4 refs., 11 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1995-03-01
Technical literature is referred to for the survey of recent trends in CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) phaseout in various countries overseas. The European Union will totally abolish CFC by the end of 1994 while other developed countries will totally abolish the same by the end of 1995 in compliance with the Montreal protocol. Many of the developing countries are actively striving to reduce CFC use with the help of the Multilateral Fund of Montreal. China and India have production facilities in themselves, and have not announced a phaseout program. There is a proposition for accelerating the regulation of HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons), but reliable substitutes for them are not yet available and their ozone layer restoring capability if used will be slight. It is feared that such will on the contrary retard CFC phaseout in developing countries. Accordingly, any abrupt acceleration of CFC phaseout implementation is inappropriate. Introduced in this report as fluorine-containing greenhouse gas-related information are a summary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the history of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change activities. According to an American survey, the aluminum industry emits 30,000 tons of CF{sub 4} and C{sub 2}F{sub 6}, and the semiconductor manufacturing industry 2,000-3,000 tons. As for SF{sub 6}, 5,000-8,000 tons are emitted mainly by the power industry. Measures for inhibiting them are being taken. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ichikawa, A [JR Railway Technical Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan)
1995-02-15
As for the levitation vehicle system, the vehicle is equipped with superconducting magnets and is levitated about 10cm by the electromagnetic force that works between the push coil and levitation guide coil laid on the ground and it runs 500km an hour. But, the running resistance and energy loss called as magnetic resistance caused by the electromagnet phenomenon that generates between the superconducting magnets and structures (steel products) generate. In this paper, the magnet resistance generated in guideway structure of superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle system and its countermeasures therefor are introduced. The main countermeasures against the magnetic resistance are as follows. The steel products have to be as arranged as separated from the superconducting magnets as far as possible in the permissible design limit. Based on the analysis results the low magnetic steel would be used in an area within 1.5m from the strand of the superconducting magnet. The contact resistance of the joints part of loop-shaped components would be bigger so as to do not cause the loop current. And the big component would be divided into small parts when it is used near to the superconducting magnets. 5 refs., 10 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Takase, H; Ito, M; Sakata, M [The Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc., Fukuoka (Japan)
1993-07-30
This paper reports the design and construction of landslide preventive construction at the site of the Yamasubara hydroelectric power plant (with a maximum output of 40,700 kW) and the result of slope stability verification after completion of the construction. The moderate slope on top of the primary slide has sands presumed to be colluvial deposit distributed with a depth of 10 m or more, where occurrence of a secondary slip was feared as triggered by the primary slide. The power plant protective constructions consisted of concrete walls to protect the entire power plant including buildings, and falling stone protective fences installed around the surge tanks. The temporary measures were so set that groundwater levels are lowered to a level that can assure the slide safety factor of 1.0 or more by means of drain boring using the down-the-hole hammer type. The permanent protective construction used rock anchors that are superior in constructability and economy. The stability of sliding slope faces was verified to confirm effects of the protective constructions. The verification included observations of groundwater level behavior, water well-up from drain holes, and movements in the slopes. The result showed that the protective constructions have give sufficient effects. Continued slope stability control is important. 16 figs., 7 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1996-09-01
This paper presents the environment-friendly residence `ED-1` utilizing the sunlight effectively. ED-1 of 97m{sup 2} in first floor area and 81m{sup 2} in second one has, on its roof, the photovoltaic power generation system, the solar hot water collector which supplies hot water by circulating heated antifreezing solution into a hot storage tank, and the solar hot wind collector which largely contributes to energy saving together with a hot room named an S unit on the first floor. The small S unit faced toward the south adjacent to a dining room is made of timber and thermal insulation glass. The S unit stores heat in a floor by taking the sunlight into a room in winter, while enhances a heating effect by discharging stored heat in nighttime. In some cases, duct circulation of heated wind is possible. Solar radiation of 90% can be removed by outside glass fiber screen of the S unit together with double glazing coated by special metal film. Roof material is superior in heat insulation, air tightness and energy saving, while floor material in sound insulation and heat storage. The target for reducing energy essential to human life by 70% was thus nearly achieved. 1 fig.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kawasaki, T.; Ishitani, H.; Matsuhashi, T. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering
1997-01-30
The paper made an analysis of the heat island phenomenon in the Kanto area using 3-D numerical analysis models and a study on the effectiveness of the measures to prevent it. The models are composed of advection/diffusion models of heat/steam in the wind-velocity field and atmospheric air, heat diffusion models in the underground and undersea, and heat balance models on the ground surface and sea surface. In the calculation, a simulation was conducted of the case of taking the following three measures: the case where the exhaust heat was reduced 30% in the assumed typical day of summer; the case where the heat volume of buildings/trunk roads was reduced; the case where the evaporation efficiency of buildings/trunk roads was raised. The result of the study was as follows: The reduction effect of the exhaust heat is totally large, but precisely observing, some meshes contrarily showed rises in temperature in the suburbs. Also in the case of reducing the heat volume, the same phenomenon occurred, but the effect was large in the center of a city. It was found that the effect was unexpectedly large in the case of increasing the evaporation efficiency. 7 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
Most of the limekilns now in operation in China are of the old type, demanding 30% more heat than limekilns in general use for instance in Japan. The survey assesses the effect of energy conservation or greenhouse gas reduction in case the old limekilns are replaced by new ones. For the implementation of this survey, the Benxi Iron and Steel Complex in Benxi City, Liaoning Province, China, who hope that their old limekilns will be replaced, is assumed to be the site of construction. A survey is conducted on this assumption, and the effect of greenhouse gas reduction in case new limekilns are popularized in China is also assessed. Under this program, the earth kilns will be abolished, to be replaced by 600 tons/day new limekilns. However, some of the single cylinder shaft kilns are to be retained. It is concluded that fuel consumption will be reduced by 7.49 times 10{sup 3} tons/year in terms of crude oil, fuel cost by 10,120,000 yuan/year, and CO2 emissions by 23,200 tons/year. The installation will cost 991-million yen, and the investment recovery period will be 7.9 years. The amount of metallurgical lime that China produces is 10-million tons/year, of which 70% comes from the old limekilns. After completion of the replacement there will be 33 limekilns, and the need is quite great. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Saiki, Y.
1996-07-01
Offensive odor substances belongs to a quite different field from the perfume inspire of the same sense of smell, and is a substance forming a lot of troubles which is formed in intimate resident environments such as manufacturing factories of the chemicals, incineration and decomposition treatment process of living body relating substances, stock raising facilities, restaurants and others. A material called the offensive odor substance is generally in very low concentration in the atmosphere, most of which is ppm order in its detection limit. And, the offensive odor intensity is proportional to logarithm of its concentration. For example, even removing 99.9% of the offensive odor substance from its forming source, there is remained its difficult countermeasuring problem of no removing as its offensive odor. At present, the offensive odor is severely regulated by means of laws and acts, research on its relating field is active, and its relating publications have become plenty. In this paper, outline on recent state of the offensive odor and its measuring technique was summarized. 14 refs., 6 figs., 8 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
With an objective to serve for environmental preservation in developing countries, joint researches have been performed on anaerobic waste water treatment systems utilizing bio-technology. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. This fiscal year has performed the bench scale test and the operation research of an anaerobic waste water treatment pilot plant jointly with the Standards and Industrial Research Institute in Malaysia on waste waters from the vegetable fat and oil chemical industry. In the bench scale test, data were collected on the oil removing effect of the pressurization and flotation treatment, and the characteristics of the anaerobic treatment. Operation research was performed in the pilot plant by using the anaerobic waste water treatment plant and the aerobic treatment facility. In addition, a feasibility study was carried out to evaluate an optimal treatment system. Furthermore, three researchers were received from Malaysia to whom lectures were given on the Japanese anaerobic treatment technologies, and visits and operation training on the waste water treatment facilities. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1995-03-01
With an objective to serve for environmental preservation in developing countries, joint researches have been performed on anaerobic waste water treatment systems utilizing bio-technology. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1994. In the research cooperation with Thailand, a reactor applicability test was performed by using a pilot plant to determine the operating conditions, and necessary data were obtained. The pilot plant was completed of installation in November. In the research cooperation with Indonesia, Tofu manufacturing waste water was selected as the object of pilot plant research. In the detailed design the Tofu manufacturing waste water shall be treated anaerobically, and the kitchen waste water shall be treated aerobically to acquire the intended water quality. In the research cooperation with Malaysia, as a result of visiting six industries and 22 factories for investigation, waste waters from chemical and foodstuff factories were selected as the object waste waters for the research. Three researchers from Thailand and Indonesia respectively were received in Japan to provide education including experimental training and visits to waste water treatment facilities. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nakayama, M.; Sasaki, M. [Kajima Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1998-07-30
Quantitative analyses of silicone migration into marble from elastic silicon adhesive were carried out by EPMA and LMA, and the amount of migrated silicone was calculated in terms of silicone concentration. By EPMA, silicone distribution into the area centering around the boundary between elastic adhesive and marble was clarified, and the migrating condition of silicone from elastic adhesive to marble was made clear. In the case of LMA, silicone concentration in micro-area in marble was measured to use the measured result for the succeeding analyses. As a result of the analysis, the trend of the change of silicone migration with the passage of time could be expressed by treating the silicone migration as diffusion phenomenon, and the depth of silicone migration could be quantified. It was confirmed that the cover primer applied at the back of marble to inhibit migration could prevent contamination of marble caused by silicone migration. The analytical method of this study seemed to be applicable to other stone materials or other adhesive and sealing materials. 14 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1995-03-01
With an objective to serve for environmental preservation in developing countries, joint researches have been performed on anaerobic waste water treatment systems utilizing bio-technology. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1994. In the research cooperation with Thailand, a reactor applicability test was performed by using a pilot plant to determine the operating conditions, and necessary data were obtained. The pilot plant was completed of installation in November. In the research cooperation with Indonesia, Tofu manufacturing waste water was selected as the object of pilot plant research. In the detailed design the Tofu manufacturing waste water shall be treated anaerobically, and the kitchen waste water shall be treated aerobically to acquire the intended water quality. In the research cooperation with Malaysia, as a result of visiting six industries and 22 factories for investigation, waste waters from chemical and foodstuff factories were selected as the object waste waters for the research. Three researchers from Thailand and Indonesia respectively were received in Japan to provide education including experimental training and visits to waste water treatment facilities. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
A verification plant operation study is conducted in cooperation with Thailand over wastewater treatment technologies for effectively decomposing and removing organic matters contained in foods plant wastewater and for recovering methane gas therefrom. The effort aims to transfer to Thailand anaerobic wastewater treatment technologies for recovering methane gas. For the 3-year research that began in fiscal 1998, a verification plant was installed at Cho Heng Rice Vermicell Factory Co., Ltd., located 30 kilometers west of Bangkok City. In the first half of verification plant related operation studies for fiscal 2000, the plant was kept in operation for the determination of the optimum operating conditions, and operation/maintenance technologies were transferred to Thailand. In the second half, plant operation was studied for by-passing the ultimate sedimentation tank of the factory. The results of activities are summarized into seven chapters of (1) outline of research cooperation project implementation, (2) outline of project implementation in fiscal 2000, (3) verification plant operation study, (4) automatic monitoring system construction, (5) technology disseminating activities, (6) study of support in Japan, and (7) subjects for future discussion. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The Research Cooperation Project on Simplified Industrial Wastewater Purification System carried out in cooperation with Indonesia and Malaysia was terminated in fiscal 1998. A follow-up check was conducted for spreading the fruits of the project. In concrete terms, for the study of problems to solve for the dissemination across Malaysia of the results of the project implemented in that country, technical guidance was provided relative to the study of operation performed by the counterpart operating their own pilot plant and the like. International Meeting for Technical Exchange was participated in, convened in Thailand in the period March 6-8, 2001. The contents of research activities included the two fields of (1) the selection of coagulants and (2) the study of pilot plant operation. In field (1), PAC (poly-aluminum chloride) and aluminum sulfate were compared with each other in terms of performance and cost in case they were used as coagulants, and then it was made clear that PAC was superior. In field (2), operation was studied using UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) type facilities of Southern Acid Plant. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1993-09-01
The electric power industry has made stable and economic power supply possible by advancing diversification in power sources and shifting the petroleum supply sources to southern countries and China. The cost constitution of the electric utility business in the fiscal year 1992 was such that the ratio of fuel cost is 15.9% against the total cost amount of 13 trillion 399.3 billion yen. As opposed, the fuel cost percent in the fiscal 1980 was 37.7%. This means that the effect of the fuel cost on the total cost has become smaller even if the fuel cost varies as a result of external factors including fluctuation in foreign exchange rates. Peaks in the power demand have been recorded in day time in high summer when air conditioning demand increases, which have been growing year after year. Expenses to maintain facilities and functions to deal with this demand increase have been increasing. The owned capital ratio in the electric power business was 15.7% in the fiscal 1992, which is by far lower than the average of whole industry of 28%. Execution of measures against the power peaks and improvement of the management constitution are the problems posed on the electric power industry. 4 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The results of the overseas survey were summed up mostly of global warming prevention measures taken by the U.S. government and those by private companies. At COP3 in 1997, the U.S. gave a pledge internationally that they would reduce greenhouse effect gas emissions during 2008-2012 7% below from that in 1990. But the U.S. government seems hesitating to take concrete measures in regions. Hesitating, however, they are publicly making it a target to find how to eliminate a risk of global warming which is now a global problem in cooperation with other countries and international organizations. Concretely, programs are as follows: ranking of the energy consumption amount of household electric appliances, housing loan programs taking energy efficiency into account, preferential taxing system, incentive money system in case of using the substituting energy transportation program, waste management program, commendation of men of achievements and prize-winning, etc. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
Described herein are the recent trends of the ozone layer protection and global warming prevention measures. Latest international information has been collected by attending the 10th Meeting of the Party of Montreal Protocol, and the 17th and 18th Open Ended Working Group. The important decisions made so far are investigation on the novel ozone layer destruction substances, requirement of studying on decommissioning Halon facilities, collection of information of HFC and PFC, and reporting to IPCC. Information regarding regulation trends of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} are collected by attending the COP-4 meeting and the preparatory meetings therefor. The report on these 3 substances will be completed in July or so, 1999. The trends of technical development in HCFC alternatives in refrigeration and blowing sectors were investigated. HFC-245fa and HFC-365mfc are introduced. Also introduced is latest information regarding the emission estimation and control measures of HFC in USA and UK, emission control measures of SF{sub 6} in USA and Japan, and techniques for destruction of CFC and the like, which could be the basic techniques for controlling diffusion of HFC. The CFC phase-out programs of China, the biggest ozone layer destruction substance (e.g., CFC) consuming country, are also outlined. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
With the study focused on the possibility of technological breakthroughs, from the results of the survey on industrial technological trend and the preliminary examination concerning the technology for reducing nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O), proposals were made on the direction of the future R and D. As technologies for reducing N{sub 2}O generation in the furnace, there are improvement of combustion process and development of high performance fluidized mediums. These are definite in their targets and methods, and are applicable as urgent countermeasures for immediate effects as well as highly reliable in the process of implementation. Meantime, as technologies for reducing N{sub 2}O in a flue gas by catalysts, there are decomposition or reduction of N{sub 2}O in the middle-temperature range (300-400 degrees C) and in the low-temperature range (lower than about 150 degrees C), suppression of N{sub 2}O as by-product generated in the NOx treatment process, and development of catalysts. These are applicable for a broad range of N{sub 2}O sources including automobiles. In addition, requiring no great modifications in the equipment infrastructure, these technologies will seem to spread immediately to a broad range of fields once an effective catalyst is developed. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kiuchi, T. [Kokushikan Univ., Tokyo (Japan)
1997-07-31
This paper summarizes an outline of a prepared draft of a `guideline for anti-earthquake measures for a clean room`. The guideline is intended to prevent earthquake disasters to facilities and their peripherals. Structural and non-structural members are classified according to criticality, and each category is provided with a grade target for safety performance. Horizontal withstand force required to be maintained, horizontal seismic force for design purpose, and values of the design horizontal seismic force multiplied with criticality coefficient are treated as required safety for architectural structures, non-structural members, and building facilities (devices and buildings). Structures to reduce disturbance are classified into the following structures: an anti-seismic structure of elastic strain energy resisting type or plastic hysteretic energy absorbing type, a vibration controlling structure of damping providing type, mass adding damper type or counterforce providing type, and a vibration absorbing structure of slide mechanism type or soft and elastic material supporting type. The damping providing type of the vibration controlling structure increases damping constant, and reduces stress shear force and response displacement. The vibration absorbing structure extends vibration period of a structure. A vibration absorbing device consists of supporting function to support a structure in a stable condition and a damping mechanism to suppress transformation. 6 figs., 11 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
Joint research with Thailand has been performed by using a demonstration plant on decomposition and removal of organic substances contained in waste water generated from foodstuff factories, and on recovery of methane gas being the greenhouse effect gas. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. In order to advance smoothly the adequate design and demonstration operation of the demonstration plant, investigations were performed on the water using conditions in the CHO HENG rice powder manufacturing factory, and on the waste water generating sources, and the latest waste water data. Visits and investigations were also given on business entities in Thailand as to their design capability, quality control, delivery time control and maintenance capability. In designing the demonstration plant, the basic process combining the anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment was adopted, and the detailed design was made according to the results of operation of the pilot plant in the past. This fiscal year has performed civil engineering construction composed mainly of RC structures, and fabrication and installation of devices and facilities ancillary to different structures. Devices were fabricated in Thailand whenever possible, with some parts being imported from Japan. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
Joint research with Thailand has been performed by using a demonstration plant on decomposition and removal of organic substances contained in waste water generated from foodstuff factories, and on recovery of methane gas being the greenhouse effect gas. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. Performed in the former half of this fiscal year were fabrication of part of the devices used in the anaerobic treatment process, civil engineering construction of storage tanks and buildings for the aerobic treatment process, importation and fabrication of devices, installation of the entire facility, piping construction, and electric instrumentation construction. The construction to build the demonstration plant has been completed. Performed in the latter half of the year are the water operation, granule filling into each UASB reactor, charging activated sludge into the aerobic facilities, the trial operation 1 using the actual waste water (precipitation test) and the trial operation 2 (through flowing of actual liquid). The operation research is still in continuation. On the other hand, in the assistance research in the country, discussions were given on the granule activity evaluating and testing method, influence of granules on temperatures, water flowing test for restoration of activity of the granules stored under elevated temperatures and for an extended period of time, and properties of the transported granules. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The Research Cooperation Project on Simplified Industrial Wastewater Purification System carried out in cooperation with Indonesia and Malaysia was terminated in fiscal 1998. A follow-up check was conducted for spreading the fruits of the project. In concrete terms, for the study of problems to solve for the dissemination across Malaysia of the results of the project implemented in that country, technical guidance was provided relative to the study of operation performed by the counterpart operating their own pilot plant and the like. International Meeting for Technical Exchange was participated in, convened in Thailand in the period March 6-8, 2001. The contents of research activities included the two fields of (1) the selection of coagulants and (2) the study of pilot plant operation. In field (1), PAC (poly-aluminum chloride) and aluminum sulfate were compared with each other in terms of performance and cost in case they were used as coagulants, and then it was made clear that PAC was superior. In field (2), operation was studied using UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) type facilities of Southern Acid Plant. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nishiyama, M.
1994-07-31
Validation is defined as firm establishment of a documentary evidence showing the system concerned is functioning as designed. Validation for sterilizing grade filter is not limited only to validation of the filter itself, but evaluation of its extract as well as adsorption and the sterilizing condition of the filter and system are the items to be examined. It is necessary to make validation of the filtering system as a whole taking into consideration any kind of element of composition in order to reach the target. In this article, in order to avoid description on diversified subjects, only validation for the filter is focused and its technique is introduced. The procedure for executing validation is stated first, and concerning validation for the sterilizing grade filter, a bacterial retention test is explained in detail, then with regard to an integrity test, sterilization of the devise concerned and pharmaceutical suitability/extract tests, the points which call special attention and testing items are introduced. Finally self inspection and evaluation of operating performance qualification are described. 13 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
This report dealt with the background of energy policies in E.U. countries and energy plans. At COP3, E.U. countries internationally gave a pledge that they will reduce the emission of greenhouse effect gas 8% from that as of 1990 during 2008-2012, which is stricter than those given by Japan and the U.S. Actually, the European Commission made public 'Toward the European Climate Change Programme' and 'Green Paper on Emissions Trading in the E.U.' These are correspondent to E.U.' global warming preventive strategy which is called the twin track approach by the European Commission. The former is a frame for coordinating individual reduction measures taken under the responsibility of member countries as the whole E.U. As to the latter, for the specified sectors from energy supply sectors to large energy consumption industries, it was planned to be started in 2005. And, the basic policy on the trade and concrete subjects/problems on the trading system were arranged. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
This report dealt with the background of energy policies in E.U. countries and energy plans. At COP3, E.U. countries internationally gave a pledge that they will reduce the emission of greenhouse effect gas 8% from that as of 1990 during 2008-2012, which is stricter than those given by Japan and the U.S. Actually, the European Commission made public 'Toward the European Climate Change Programme' and 'Green Paper on Emissions Trading in the E.U.' These are correspondent to E.U.' global warming preventive strategy which is called the twin track approach by the European Commission. The former is a frame for coordinating individual reduction measures taken under the responsibility of member countries as the whole E.U. As to the latter, for the specified sectors from energy supply sectors to large energy consumption industries, it was planned to be started in 2005. And, the basic policy on the trade and concrete subjects/problems on the trading system were arranged. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
With relation to some global energy systems of which viability is predicted in the future, an evaluation was conducted from the viewpoints of economical efficiency, energy balance, CO2 emission, etc. The fossil fuel CO2 capture system, the conventional thermal power plant added with CO2 recovery/treatment facilities, is expected to reduce approximately 70-75% of the CO2 emission. The fossil fuel decarbonated hydrogen system, which decarbonates fossil fuels, recovers/treats CO2 at the place of fuel supply and uses as hydrogen, is of poor practical application from an economical point of view. The fossil fuel methanol synthesis system, which synthesizes methanol from fossil fuels at the place of fuel supply, generates electric power and recovers/treats CO2 with the methanol, is large in energy loss and CO2 emission and low in overall efficiency and CO2 reduction effect at the time of methanol synthesis. The renewable energy hydrogen system is an ultimate system with no emission of CO2, though it costs much. 110 refs., 83 figs., 107 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
The trend survey was conducted of global warming protection measures by participation in international conferences, scientific society meetings and lecture meetings, and by literature surveys. We participated in the international conference on ozonosphere protection measures. In the 9th meeting of the nations which concluded the Montreal Protocol, the strengthening of restrictions on methyl bromide was decided on. In the UNEP solvent technology selection conference and the OORG conference of the World Bank, reports were made on substituting solvents in Japan, activities supporting developing countries, and the developmental trend of urethane use foaming agent. In the international conference on ozonosphere protection measures, introduced were the present status of Japan`s ODA for developing countries and examples of success of the substitution in the solvent field. The paper included nine reports on CFC destruction technology related literature made public in the past one year. The paper also introduced a comparative study of de-HCFC substituting technology at U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. EPA`s prediction of emission of fluorine 3 gas, the predicted value of HFC emission and trial calculation of contributing rate in all greenhouse gases by IIR, Green Peace and Elf Atochem, and NOAA`s measured data on SF6 in the atmosphere. 49 refs., 46 figs., 26 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Horiguchi, S [National Inst. of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan)
1993-06-15
In compliance with the request of the Compressed Gas Safety Association of Japan, the visits to the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor (OSHA), which are the apparatus of government, the Compressed Gas Association (CGA), the makers of gas used in the semiconductor industry, the makers of cylinder cabinet, and the semiconductor manufacturing factories run by Japanese were made by the present authors in order to examine the actual situations of the safety measure to the gas used in semiconductor industry of U.S.A. In this paper, the viewpoints as well as the actual situation relating to the safety measure to the compressed gas in said visited apparatus and enterprises are introduced. Especially, a number of points which should be referred to are indicated that recently in America, the control of the dangerous materials are regulated rigorously due to the environmental problems, and additionally the files of material safety data sheet based on Hazard communication of OSHA are ranged in the passageways for being read freely, the certain safety educations are given to the employees in offices and the visiting traders or marketers concerned as the duty. 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
The energy-saving and other global environmental technologies are surveyed by collecting relevant information from various institutes, both abroad and domestic, to contribute to development of ceramic gas turbines. USA has announced a climate change plan, based on the five principles, to promote utilization of high-efficiency technologies and development of new clean technologies. UK is promoting to improve energy efficiency, along with liberalization of its energy markets. Germany concentrates its efforts in the 'Program for Energy Research and Energy Technologies.' France places emphasis on prevention of air pollution and rational use of energy. The R and D trends at public institutes, e.g., universities, for global environmental technologies are surveyed, from which a total of 14 themes are extracted as the seed technologies. At the same time, a total of 9 techniques potentially applicable to the seeds are extracted by mainly reviewing JICST and patent information, and assessed. The R&D trends of the IPCC-related researchers are also surveyed, but provide no theme directly applicable to the seeds. Most of the related themes at the private and public institutes surveyed, both domestic and abroad, are concentrated on carbon dioxide. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Inada, Y. [Ehime Univ., Ehime (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Seki, S.
1996-12-21
Recently, many of the low temperature materials such as LNG and LPG used as an energy substitution for petroleum were stored in the reclaimed land of the sea side district, however, it is necessary for those storage methods to enlarge sites. Therefore, it was considered to directly store the low temperature materials in openings excavated in the rock mountains. However, countermeasures for leakage of liquid and cold gas from cracks in openings would be an important subject. In this study, as a countermeasure for leakage of liquid and cold gas in the case in which low temperature materials were stored in openings in the rock mountains, the lining of resin materials on the surface of openings was proposed. Characteristics of strength and deformation and values of the thermal physical properties for the resin materials at the low temperature were obtained by experiments. This material was compared with granite supposed as a parent rock, and the thermal property of the resin materials was understood. Next, an analysis was conducted in the case of using the resin materials as a lining, the behavior of the surrounding rocks of the openings and the stability of the lining were investigated. 17 refs., 25 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The recent situations of global warming mitigation measures related to flurine-containing greenhouse gases of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} are surveyed. In the meeting of the Parties of Montreal Protocol of 2000, no decision has been made on HCFC phaseout schedule amendment in the developed and developing countries, which is one of the major items. COP-6 has failed to reach agreement on handling CO2 absorption sources. For the international trends in estimation of the emissions of HFC and others, the IPCC's emission estimation methodology guidance for HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} (translated into Japanese) and the methodologies taken by other countries are introduced. The trends of the emission control measures for HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} include CO2 refrigerant application for mobile air-conditioners, announcement by Coca-Cola of HFC phaseout by 2004, announcement by the Canadian refrigerant air-conditioner industry of introduction of the surcharge system for promoting refrigerant recovery, and SF{sub 6} emission reduction technologies in Mg fabricating industries. Also introduced are cost evaluation of emission reduction technologies, latest scientific knowledge in the global environments, and harmonization of global warming mitigation and ozone layer protection in the developing countries, among others. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Motoki, Y. [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1998-07-01
This paper describes development of large-capacity UPS (uninterruptive power source) for large-capacity computer systems by Fuji Electric. This UPS is composed of a rectifier, inverter, transformer, and ac filter. The rectifier and inverter are composed of the same IGBT power modules. The IGBT power module has an integrated structure consisting of IGBT, gate driving circuit, snubber circuit, electrolytic capacitor, cooling fin, and fuse. Downsizing of snubber circuit and improvement of mounting efficiency were realized by developing a large current substrate with small wiring inductance. Advanced input/output performance and control characteristics of USP were realized by the digital control using RISC and DSP of high-speed processor. For the inverter control algorithm, PWM pulse can be calculated using parameters derived from the state equation of the main circuit constants. The output voltage distortion factor less than 5% was realized at the nonlinear load of 100%. The UPS systems in the out-sourcing business and large-scale business center are illustrated as examples. 6 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
Under the hydrogen-utilizing international clean energy system technology project WE-NET (World Energy NET Work) in fiscal 1998, researches and studies were conducted to clearly define safety designs and to improve on accident-and-safety analyses. In relation with system safety design, investigations continued into Japanese and foreign manuals and regulations about the handling of hydrogen and its peripherals, and safe design guidelines (draft) were compiled. Anomalies and accidents supposed to be typical of each of the systems concerned were investigated. As for accident-and-safety analyses, incorporation of a turbulence model was studied in relation to models representing the leak, evaporation, and diffusion of liquid hydrogen, and improvement was achieved when the scope of evaluation was enlarged concerning the hydrogen detonation model. The integration of the two models was discussed for the due evaluation of a series of processes of liquid hydrogen leak, evaporation, diffusion, and detonation. Calculation was performed for two assumed accidents, and the results were found to justify the integration of the two models. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
This paper summarizes mainly on HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6} the trends in the last one year in technologies and regulations that can make compatible the ozone layer protection and the global warming prevention. Activities of the HFC/PHC task force established jointly by TEAP and IPCC are very important in deciding the future positions of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}. This paper reports the status of activities taken during fiscal 1999. IPCC reviewed the method of calculating the quantity of greenhouse effect gas emission. The paper introduces from its draft the gist of calculating the discharge quantity of HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}. Introduction is given from the HFC/PFC task force report the actual status of using coolants, foaming agents and aerosols using HFC, PFC and SF{sub 6}, and the trends of developing substitution technologies. The paper introduces a fluorocarbon destruction technology as an international trend in discharge suppression measures. The paper reports movements of COP-5 in fiscal 1999 for gases other than the three gases including HFC. Chlorobromo-methane was indicated as a new substance, and n-propyl-bromide was decided to continue with measurement of ozone destruction coefficient. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
The urban heat-island phenomenon is one of the man-made changes of local climate. The objectives of this research are to develop a heat-island model to cover the building scale to mesoscale and to assess the countermeasures to heat- island effects. The analysis of Tokyo by remote-sensing, field observation and estimates of anthropogenically exhausted heat using energy consumption data were conducted. And, techniques to assess the most effective countermeasure against the urban warming were developed. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
In the investigation, reviewing detailed processes of mining industries, current situation for saving energy among mining and materials production industries are executed. Discussions on the evaluation methods for global warming, possibility of saving energy, location of smelters, etc. are made among the investigation. As the results, energy saving for the industries in japan is in the highest level all over the world and the effort to improved it almost reaches their limits at the moment. However, considering global environment, there are still possibilities to reduce the impact to the environment. Since the evaluation methods of saving energy for the global environmental has not fixed yet, worldwide discussions for the methods area expected. For the remarkable energy saving, instalment of new process is essential. For the achievement of the saving, continuous research and development are necessary. For the sustainable development of mineral industries and the promotion of global environmental protection, governmental backup and the contribution by national institutes are expected. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nakatsuka, R.; Nishi, M.; Kishimoto, T. [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan)
1998-11-05
Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., is constructing in Maizuru City a coal-fired thermoelectric power plant to operate two 900,000kw generators. The result of a preliminary survey predicted an encounter with boulders 50-900mm in diameter to obstruct the pile driving process. In a basic pile driving arrangement, a boat mounted with a 1600tf capable fully rotatable crane and a boat carrying an automatic lift type working platform are operated, and a pile is driven under the guidance of a keeper aboard by a vibratory hammer down until it can stand erect on its own. Next, the vibratory hammer gives place to a 50tf-m capable hydraulic hammer, which drives the pile further down until it lands at a depth level with prescribed bearing power. In case pile penetration under a vibratory hammer becomes difficult (at a shallow level), the pile is pulled out, a casing pile is driven in, and then boulders are removed by hammer gloves. In case boulders emerge during hydraulic hammer operation (at a relatively deep level), since dealing with such is beyond the capacity of hammer gloves, pile installation by inner excavation is performed by driving with a heavy bob. The bob is provided with multiple blades on its head, with water and compressed air supplied continuously for the bob to fall freely to crush boulders and to perform excavation at the same time. Mucking is accomplished using an air lift type reversely circulating water system. 1 ref., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
This paper describes the surveys in fiscal 1999 on establishing industrial technology strategies in the human life engineering field. The human life engineering is an engineering to identify scientifically humans and their living characteristics, and apply them to products, systems, and environment building. Market size for the human living related industries is more than two trillion yen, whose annual growth rate is 9%. Discussions were given on problems that hinder technological innovations in this field. What lacks is the comprehensive strategic conception, and insufficient is the structural approach by related organizations. Technological systems for designing have not been established, and technological foundations relative to human characteristics and living characteristics are not well arranged. Methods to evaluate research achievements have not been established, and the works on proposing international standards are weak. Insufficiency in human resource nurturing is also an issue. As the future prospect and strategies, such fields as psychology, recognition, and sensitivity are important for the seeds technologies, and so are the measurement of supportive technologies, and information processing. The human living engineering aims at supporting safety, freedom from care, and high-quality life, realizing industrial and technological competitiveness of the world top groups, and forming societies with activity and high quality. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
The status of the methane generation due to landfill with waste has been analyzed to investigate the actual circumstances of effective utilization of methane in the world and its possibility. The artificial generation of methane is 375 Tg per year among the total methane generation in the world, 535 Tg per year. The methane generation from the landfill with waste is 40 Tg per year, which becomes a rather large contribution. The methane generation from the landfill with waste in Japan is estimated to be from 130 to 520 Gg per year, which is a rather low value as a share in the world. This is caused by the sub-aerobic property of landfill in Japan, and the methane generation can be suppressed. Accordingly, there are no systems using recovered methane as energy source in Japan. In the USA, profitability of energy recovery can be established in 600 to 700 landfills among about 6,000 landfills. The methane recovery is practically conducted at more than 120 landfills. The recovered methane is used as a power generation fuel. 45 refs., 43 figs., 27 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-06-01
This research and development project divides largely the behaviors appearing in a daily life into movement behavior and operation behavior. The research and development is executed by dividing the subject into development of a behavior supporting technology intended for the movement behavior and development of a behavior supporting technology intended for the device operation. In developing the movement behavior adapting technology, behavior scenes in a house are taken up as the important scenes to obtain peace of mind in the daily life, and construction work behavior scenes are taken up, in which environment and work contents change from moment to moment. Then, development works are carried out on the following technologies: a technology to measure on site the human behaviors and physiological conditions, a technology to understand and accumulate the behavior contents, and a behavior supporting technology to assure relief and safety by means of abnormality notification and risk avoidance. This paper summarizes the research achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of the movement behavior adapting technologies. Chapter 1 reports the research and development on a technology to adapt behaviors in the behavior scenes in a daily life. Chapter 2 describes the research and development on a technology to adapt behaviors in the behavior scenes in construction works. Chapter 3 reports the result of surveys on the research movements in the present research areas. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
Survey was made on residential waste treatment in Shanghai city. Shanghai city with nearly 13 million registered residents produces on average 10,000-11,000 tons/day residential solid wastes. Such wastes are basically disposed by land filling. A landfill site has a current disposal capacity of 7,500 tons/day, and is scheduled to be expanded up to 9,000 tons/day. Problems of waste disposal in Shanghai city are as follows: transportation of wastes collected in the city by trucks, transportation through transit stations to the landfill site by ships, and high disposal cost. Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Bureau is pursuing researches on recycling of wastes, reduction of wastes and harmless treatment in place of conventional land filling. As the survey result, adoption of complete separate collection of wastes is basically important, and application of the latest technologies such as combustion treatment for every waste, heat use, gasification fusion furnace, and RDF (refuse derived fuel) for coal-firing boilers should be considered. 86 figs., 18 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
With an objective of proposing to ISO a thermal environment evaluation method, development has been performed on an evaluation technology to evaluate comfort and discomfort in non-constant and non-uniform thermal environment, and research has been carried out on structuring an evaluation standard. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000. In developing the evaluation technology by using a 'human body thermal model' it was verified that the 'human body thermal model' being the achievement of the project to develop the human sensitivity measurement applied technology is effective as a method to evaluate non-uniform thermal environment, as a result of the experimental verification of the human testees. With regard to the effects on human body of thermal transient based on the testee experiment, such basic findings were derived that the thermal transient affects the psychological reaction even after movement, and that thermal sensitivity of aged persons of both sexes, and young generation shows greater positional difference in peripheral sections than in the trunk sections. The major standard being the object of this research is ISO 7730, for which discussions were given on the revision draft for the floor heating standard and the transient standard, the evaluation method using a human body model, and the evaluation method using a thermal mannequin as the new standards. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
Global environment handling technologies were investigated and put into order. Universities often make research and development on themes that can be handled at laboratory levels or by simulations. Development at a practical application level is few. Technological seeds may include manufacture of hydrogen by water and steam decomposition using solar energy, and new synthesizing reactions utilizing solar energy. Included may also be urban type wind power generation, superconductive energy storage systems, biomass utilization, and natural energy utilization. Furthermore, CO2 recovery and utilization by liquefaction, alkaline metal heat power generation, and pulse power technologies can also be found. Studies on applying advanced technologies to environmental measures include composite materials, membrane separation, photo-catalysts, optical elements, porous bodies, functional polymers, bio-reactors, electron beams, and aeration. Private corporations are working noticeably on prevention of fluorocarbon and dioxin emission, PCB treatment and waste water treatment technologies, catalyst application technologies, recycling technologies, and incineration ash treatment and utilization technologies. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-05-01
The project aims to prepare inter-industry relations tables and models for energy analysis for Asian countries and thereby to probe into relations between the industrial structure or the ultimate consumption structure and energy consumption. For the comprehension of energy consumption as broken by each industry, Asian nations' inter-industry relations tables and energy statistics are linked for the compilation of energy analysis oriented inter-industry relations tables, and the resultant tables are used for the metric analysis of industrial structures and energy consumption structures in these countries. The tables prepared this time are 1985 tables for Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines and 1990 tables for China, Singapore, and Malaysia. The Malaysian transportation sector needs to be improved in energy saving. In Singapore, energy saving is functioning effectively in the transportation sector. China's energy consuming industries are those involving coal, chemistry, steelmaking, ceramics, and earth and quarrying. In Taiwan, improvement needs to be made in the transportation sector. Korea should conserve energy in the transportation sector. In the Philippines, energy needs to be saved in businesses related to water supply, transportation, and fishery. Thai industries as a whole needs to save energy. Improved energy consumption efficiency is sought for in the Indonesian cement related sector. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
The paper arranged the present situation and the problems of environmental cooperation for developing countries, and studied based thereon how to cooperate in environmental protection for developing countries in the future. At the same time, it arranged the problems/subjects posed when environment-related companies in Japan try to transfer environmental technology to developing countries, for the purpose of using them as data in studying possibility of reviewing the environmental cooperation presently conducted. A view on environmental cooperation is that as security of mankind, it is necessary to help developing countries in technology/knowledge/fund. However, a trial calculation indicated that the initial investment of 11.1 trillion yen is needed only for desulfurization and water treatment in China and ASEAN countries. Such a huge amount of money cannot be paid at all even by developed countries. As the support of environmental protection measures, the one also including energy and resource is needed. Further, the support of environmental protection measures should be the one that has the exhibition effect and influential effect, promotes efforts of developing countries' own, and pushes independent environmental measures forward. From this point of view, a study was made on what the details of the environmental cooperation should be like. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-05-01
The project aims to prepare inter-industry relations tables and models for energy analysis for Asian countries and thereby to probe into relations between the industrial structure or the ultimate consumption structure and energy consumption. For the comprehension of energy consumption as broken by each industry, Asian nations' inter-industry relations tables and energy statistics are linked for the compilation of energy analysis oriented inter-industry relations tables, and the resultant tables are used for the metric analysis of industrial structures and energy consumption structures in these countries. The tables prepared this time are 1985 tables for Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines and 1990 tables for China, Singapore, and Malaysia. The Malaysian transportation sector needs to be improved in energy saving. In Singapore, energy saving is functioning effectively in the transportation sector. China's energy consuming industries are those involving coal, chemistry, steelmaking, ceramics, and earth and quarrying. In Taiwan, improvement needs to be made in the transportation sector. Korea should conserve energy in the transportation sector. In the Philippines, energy needs to be saved in businesses related to water supply, transportation, and fishery. Thai industries as a whole needs to save energy. Improved energy consumption efficiency is sought for in the Indonesian cement related sector. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
As to the commercialization of the waste water treatment technology for food plant, the research cooperation with Thailand was carried out from FY 1998 to FY 2000, and the results were summed up. In this project, the R and D were made for the following purposes: treatment of organic matters in waste water for reduction in water pollutants, recovery of the methane gas emitted in the atmosphere for the effective use, reduction in sludge generation in the anaerobic + aerobic treatment system, simplification of operation/maintenance of the system, reduction in running cost. In FY 1998, conducted were the design of the total process and the manufacture/construction of a part of the anaerobic treatment process. In FY 1999, conducted was the manufacture/construction of the total process including the aerobic treatment process. After the completion of the construction work, operational study was made. In FY 2000, the demonstrative operation was conducted at the demonstrative plant, and the technology transfer was made in terms of analysis of operational data, maintenance of equipment, operational management, etc. Further, the technical explanatory meeting such as seminar was held as activities for the spread of this technology. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
The list of errata was prepared for the data book of the international measures project for rational energy use (Survey project of the analysis tool of Asian energy consumption efficiency). Corrected pages of the data book 1 (1990) are as follows: 187-190, 223-226, 259-262, 295- 298, 369-370, 387-388 and 405-406 on Malaysian data. Corrected pages of the data book 2 (1985) are as follows: 102-105 on Chinese data, 154 on common data, and 187-190, 223-226, 259-262, 295-298, 369-370, 387-388 and 405-406 on Malaysian data. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yamamoto, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Zama, A. [Obayashi Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
1995-08-10
With the progress of power-electronics, a inverter has been generally applied to building facility equipment. This equipment go by chapping a current in high frequency, so secondarily generates electromagnetic noise. The characteristics and propagation of electromagnetic noise generated by an elevator machine were measured. From this, it was recognized that high-level spectrum was included in the frequencies under 100kHz, and electromagnetic noise was scattered a wide area on the roof and the highest floor of the building. By intercepting the conductive noise on the motor main distribution line, the area influenced by the noise was restricted to only a small area around the elevator machine room. 4 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
As to the development and introduction of the global warming mitigation technology, the paper studied an approach to the formation of a social consensus and how to apply concrete methods and proposed a realistic approach in the light of the present situation of public enterprises in Japan. As tools and rules which are particularly important in activities of forming the consensus, the paper cited up what the PR control should be, responses to mass communications, HP making and regulation/preparation of the related laws, and made a concrete study. As examples in which there occurred friction with the society due to the insufficient formation of consensus, the following construction plans were taken up to consider problems, etc. in disclosure of the information in the plans: Underground Research Laboratory, movable weir in the Yoshino River, and waste disposal facilities at Fuimae tideland. Also in Japan, some methods for the consensus formation have been carried out, and in the survey, as concepts for classifying the methods, two different approaches, Public Outreach and Public Relations, were introduced. As to the former, a consensus formation method in the construction of power plants in Japan was introduced, and as to the latter, a method in consensus conferences in the U.K. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-02-01
This project aims to prepare the inter-industry relations table and analysis model for energy analysis for every Asian country, and analyze the relation between energy consumption and industrial structure or final demand structure. The 1985 and 1990 inter-industry relations tables of each country were prepared in cooperation with the governmental organizations of China, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and India. However, the 1987 and 1990 tables were prepared for China. In fiscal 1998, the project invited the representatives of each concerned organization, and held the international workshop together with Japanese specialists to discuss various issues related to not only table preparation but also data analysis. The following items were analyzed for every country: a change in final energy consumption, a dependence on coal in primary energy consumption, transfer of energy consumption to other energy resources, and an energy consumption rate in the whole industry. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
Safety measures and assessment technology were studied for the WE-NET project. As the study result in fiscal 1996, the information on safety design, anomaly and accident was collected and arranged. The information on safety measures, ideology and criterion was also collected by visiting some domestic and overseas organizations experienced about handling of liquid hydrogen (LH). The initial survey was made for the safety design ideology, analytical technique and disaster preventive measures of LNG systems as the similar cold liquid system. Accidents and explosion accident of a hydrogen production plant (water electrolysis) in Germany were analyzed. Events on storage tanks and leakage around the tanks were studied as typical risk of LH considering temporary and LNG system design information. The model based on the LH spillage test result and 3-D dispersion of vapor cloud were prepared by modifying a simulation code. The model allowed evaluation of the effect of explosion and fire accidents of compressed hydrogen gas and flying fragments on structures and people, and visual display of distances from a tank and damage conditions. 19 refs., 29 figs., 18 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-05-01
Efforts have been under way to prepare inter-industry relations tables and energy data for four Asian countries, namely, China, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia, and a tool for energy consumption efficiency analysis has been developed and improved. In Chapter 1, energy supply and demand in the above-named four countries is reviewed on the basis of recent economic situations in these countries. In Chapter 2, bilateral inter-industry relations tables usable under the project are employed for the analysis of the economic status of each of the countries and energy transactions between them, and a method is described of converting the tables into one-nation inter-industry relations tables which meet the need of this project. In Chapter 3, national characteristics reflected on the respective energy input tables are described, and a method is shown of converting a nationally characterized unit energy table into a common unit energy input table for registration with a database. In Chapter 4, the constitution of the Asian energy consumption efficiency improvement analyzing tool and a system using the tool are explained. In Chapter 5, some examples of analyses conducted by use of the analyzing tool are shown, in which the energy saving effect and CO2 emission reduction effect are estimated for Indonesia by use of the analyzing tool. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Otahara, Y [Ministry of Construction, Tokyo (Japan). Shikoku Regional Construction
1991-09-25
The Yoshino river is one of the most prominent rivers in Japan, representing the Shikoku district, with the trunk length of 194km and the basin of 3,750km{sup 2} extending in 4 prefectures in the district. The upstream area includes areas where the average annual rainfalls exceed 3,000mm, being famous as a high-rain zone. The basic water level stream is 24,000m{sup 3} s which is one of the largest in Japan. Schistosity develops with the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, which tend to be easily weathered. As a result, there are many landslide spots distributed in the Sambagawa belt. The Shikoku district as a whole has one fifth of the landslide dangerous areas of Japan. Countermeasure activities against landslides were initiated in 1982 in Tokushima and Kochi prefectures. Outlines of landslides in those areas, underground structure, activity of landsliding, countermeasure activity against landslides, and the result of the activity are introduced. 12 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
Efforts are exerted to develop new technologies whereby carbon dioxide is absorbed by and fixed in rapidly growing trees. The trees are felled and subjected to high-efficiency carbonization, and the thus-obtained carbonized material is used for environmental purification or the like and then buried in the ground. Studies are under way to find out if the cycle (operations) may be organized into an industry. Activities are conducted in the five fields of (1) carbonized materials, (2) carbonization, (3), industrial use of charcoal, (4) stabilization of charcoal, and (5) reports on surveys (mainly overseas). In field (2), following an introduction consisting of the carbonization mechanism and the definition of terms, surveys are conducted of the existence of carbonizable resources in Japan, distribution channels of imported charcoal and activated charcoal in Japan, various carbonization apparatuses, carbonization equipment incorporated into gasifying fusion furnaces, carbonization furnace as a system, and the trends of development of pyroligneous acid and development of its use. In field (3), studies are made on its use in industries, on its application to agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry, and on the utilization of its electromagnetic properties. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
As a technology to evaluate comfort/discomfort of spaces where the thermal environment is non-uniform and unsteady, simulation by a human thermal system, evaluation technology using thermal mannequins substituting for humans, was developed. For the purpose of working out the evaluation standards using it, an experimental study was conducted, and the FY 1999 results were outlined. In the development of evaluation technology using the human thermal system, it was confirmed that the overall trend accorded with the experimental results, as a result of the improvement so made that the contact thermal environment can be simulated. In the development of evaluation technology of the thermal mannequin, a small thermal mannequin was fabricated. As a result of the evaluation of the non-uniform thermal environment, validity of the equivalent temperature was demonstrated. The results of the use of the small mannequin made the design/fabrication of an adult use mannequin possible. In the study to elucidate thermal susceptibility of each part of the human body, an experiment was carried out using an examinee in the uniform and steady environment, and the results were studied of the experiment using the aged examinee on validity of PMV by ISO7730. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
For the purpose of reducing environmental loads of waste and effectively using resource by waste recycling, a study was conducted of high-level treatment/effective use technology for domestic/industrial wastes, etc. The paper reported the results of fiscal 1996. In the EcoCement producing technology using the synthetic urban type waste, EcoCement with stable quality was obtained using sewage sludge and industrial waste as raw materials. In the specified freon decomposition disposal technology, an experiment was carried out on durability, etc. of the processing unit. In the high speed/reduced smell biological garbage disposal technology, technology of fermenting disposal, etc. were established, and at the same time technology of making garbage compost was developed. In the technology to manufacture environment friendly type plastic containers, etc., a degradation behavior was grasped of degradable plastics in the compost. In the spread type waste plastic/thermal recycle technology, studied were a system to collect waste and a system to make waste solid fuel. Technology to recycle coolant freon was studied. 14 refs., 261 figs., 137 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
A technology is developed which treats pickle maker's wastewater containing highly concentrated saline contaminants by resorting to a combination of bacilli and membrane treatment. A 9m{sup 3}/day capable experimental plant is built and experiments are conducted. In the basic research, it is found that the temperature best for bacilli is 30-45 degrees C. They multiply without difficulty until the target salinity of 3% is achieved and, in a culture test, they can multiply until salinity is as high as 8%. Among submerged membrane filtration methods, hollow fiber membrane microfiltration is the most suitable, with its pressure loss increase rate low and stable at a filtration flux of 0.33m{sup 3}/m{sup 2}/day. Tests are conducted at salinity levels up to 1.5% at the experimental plant, when no adverse effect is detected. A BOD (biological oxygen demand) removal rate of not lower than 99.9% is attained under the condition where BOD=15,000-20,000mg/L. In a study of cost performance in which two methods are applied to a real size plant, it is found that the newly developed method is superior to the conventional activated sludge method because its installation area is approximately 1/3, construction cost approximately 65%, and running cost approximately 60% of what the conventional method demands. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
Cooperation in energy and environment aspects with developing countries is considered very important in view of the following points: (1) the cooperation will help developing countries to grow economically while minimizing the damages from industrial pollution and environmental problems; (2) conservation of energies and promotion of use of new energies will contribute to solving pollution problems associated with energy production, and will result in assurance of stability of primary energy availability for Japan; (3) preservation of environments in countries exporting foods to Japan will link to maintaining health of Japanese people and increasing their welfare; and (4) Japanese industrial pollution preventing technologies and knowledge whose levels are high worldwide may be utilized to create new business chances for Japanese business entities. The present survey has discussed the importance by territories, the importance by cooperation modes, and sharing of roles by governmental and private organizations, and performed case studies. Considerations were given from the discussion results on how the environmental projects should be planned in the environment cooperation, the contents to be of win/win from the viewpoint of motivation, the project image for subjected territories being composite and comprehensive, and the cases from the viewpoint of mutual coexistence referred to as prevention of global warming and assurance of food and energy resources. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
In the Asian region, for the purpose of grasping effects of both economic growth and effective energy consumption, an analytical tool added with a computational function was developed with the interindustrial relations table as database for the analysis of the present situation and the simulational analysis. In the analysis of the present situation, changes between the two time-points, 1985 and 1990, were analyzed using the developed energy consumption table and the CO2 emission table. The energy consumption amount is increasing with the growing economy. However, the energy unit consumption is decreasing in countries except Korea, the Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia. The trend is that the energy consumption is becoming effective and the CO2 emission amount is decreasing. As an example of simulating the introduction effect of energy saving technology, the simulation was conducted on the three: iron steel, paper/pulp, and cement in Indonesia. As a result, the decrease in energy consumption was shown in paper/pulp by 48%, in cement by 16%, and in iron/steel by 16%. The same was also indicated in CO2 emission. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
1993-05-05
With an objective to promote capital investments that have been fallen because of the recession in Japan, the Petroleum Department of the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy has decided to take the following measures limited to one year for application. The measures consist of the taxation system for high-level energy saving investment promotion and the taxation system for small business machine investment promotion. In the former system, facilities that are effective for promoting rationalization and serving for environment preservation are admitted a special depreciation of 30% (36% for small business) on acquired prices or a tax deduction of 7% (8.4% for small business). Tax deduction of 7% (8.4%) is granted on leased assets. However, machineries are subject to a requirement of the price to be higher than 2 million yen (2.7 million yen in leasing). As a result, petroleum product shipping facilities are also covered by the taxation measures. The latter system, which is intended to promote investments by small business corporations, admits a special depreciation of 30% and a tax deduction of 7% for machineries acquired at prices above 2 million yen. Electronic computers and facsimile machines are also subjected to the taxation measures if their prices are higher than one million yen.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
An energy supply system which is globally formed for global environmental protection is called a global energy system (GES), in which to achieve substantial CO2 reduction, various measures against CO2 are introduced to energy systems extending from places of fuel supply to places of fuel consumption. For the study of a scenario for introduction such a GES, it is necessary to investigate the GES presently proposed and make a traverse evaluation of it under uniform preconditions and evaluation criteria. Concretely, following a case study of evaluating performance of the GES with a power system as the final form from viewpoints of economy, energy balance, CO2 emissions, etc., the paper arranged characteristics of liquid fuel supply systems including methanol from a traverse aspect, made evaluation of performance and possibilities of the introduction in the areas concretely named, and studied positioning of this energy system, scenario for the future introduction and possibilities of the introduction from global and long-term aspects. 79 refs., 102 figs., 77 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-10-01
This paper is a collection of data on surveys for energy consumption efficiency improvement, taking Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines as the object countries. I. Industry related various value tables consist of the following: basic transaction table, throw-in coefficient table, final demand converter table, import coefficient table, added value coefficient table, inverse matrix coefficient table, sensitivity coefficient table, influence coefficient table, production inducing amount, production induction dependence, import inducing amount, import induction coefficient, import induction dependence, and inverse matrix coefficient table. II. Energy related various coefficient tables consist of the following: inherent unit quantity table, energy consumption table, CO2 table (1), CO2 table (2), unit requirement table, energy consumption induction table, energy consumption induction coefficient table, energy consumption induction dependence table, CO2 induction table (1), CO2 induction coefficient table (1), CO2 induction dependence table (1), CO2 induction table (2), CO2 induction coefficient table (2), and CO2 induction dependence table (2). Industries are classified into 34 kinds. III. The energy consumption table, CO2 table (1) and CO2 table (2) are shown as the simulation results for the four countries: Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
Concerning the study of safety measures in WE-NET, the paper described the fiscal 1997 results. For drawing up a policy for safety design, technology of preserving hydrogen at high temperature/pressure, continuing collecting information on existing plants (liquid hydrogen, LNG). Investigating manuals of NASA and NASDA and also referring to people`s opinions at chemical plants, etc., the study entered into the setting-up of the safety policy and design standards. Examples of anomalies/accidents were extracted, and classification/arrangement were commenced of the measures for anomalies of detection/prevention/protection. Toward the diffusion of hydrogen and the enhancement and unification of explosion/fire simulation models, the extraction of problems has been almost finished. The second mini work shop on safety was held in the U.S., and exchanges of information were made among researchers of each country. All agreed on the importance of collecting data as the base of safety standards. As to safety measures in various tests using combustor evaluation experimental facilities, experimental equipment for materials under liquid hydrogen and experimental equipment of thermal insulation under liquid hydrogen, problems were extracted between researchers and people concerned with safety measures, and the measures to solve them were studied. 18 refs., 31 figs., 10 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
A CMG (coal mine gas) recovery/utilization system was designed, constructed, and then demonstrated at a model coal mining district in Liaoning Province for the purpose of contributing to the solution of energy and environment related problems in China. The recovery system demonstration test, aiming to improve on safety and productivity of coal mining and to supply recovered gas with stability, involved gas drainage test boring, mine sealing, sealed gas induction control, centralized gas monitoring, etc., which were carried out at the coal mine working face. A utilization system demonstration test was conducted, and CMG would continue to be supplied to the current users and CMG utilization would be started at the other 6 coal mines. For the supply of CMG to large-scale gas consuming areas, steel materials were manufactured and processed for spherical gas holders and denitrification facilities, gas holders were constructed, pipe lines were installed, and a provisional gas supply was carried out. For the transfer and diffusion of the technology, Chinese engineers were trained in Japan and Japanese engineers were dispatched to China. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
In this R and D, studies were made on the following: 1) comparative analysis of genes - a system based on PCR coupled with high-speed and high-throughput fragment analyzer; 2) development of the system which detects SNPs rapidly; 3) study of the technique for DNA analysis and comparison of DNA sequence by use of the triple-stranded DNA formation; 4) improvement of a genomic DNA subtraction method, the In-Gel Competitive Reassociation technique; 5) development of computer simulation system which has capability of predicting changes in gene expression; 6) development of a workbench system assisting at gene regulatory network construction; 7) analysis of a gene expression control network; 8) general R and D issues. In 1), PCR method was developed to confirm the principle. In 2), micro plant was developed. In 3), new long cDNA library was constructed. In 4), basic experiment on FRET technology was conducted. In 5), basic model was developed of clock gene expression oscillation simulation. In 6), system was developed of gene information subtraction. In 7), workbench was designed for support of transcription control network analysis. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kaneko, T; Nagao, A [Japan Highway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
1991-09-25
21.9km of the route between Doi and Iyosaijo of the Shikoku Jukan (Transverse) expressway was chosen along the central tectonic line which is the largest active fault in Japan. Countermeasure works for slope faces were carried out attaching importance to ground anchor and reinforced earth works, and the section was completed on March 29, 1991. In the section, longitudinal alignment, plain alignment and road structure were reexamined to determine the center line so as to avoid landslide areas as far as possible, and much cost curtailment was realized for the landslide countermeasure works although there were many slope face collapses during excavation. The collapsed soil amounted to about 50 to 600m{sup 3} for one collapsed spot, with 1 to 2m average thickness of the slid layers. Reinforced earth work method was found to be effective for small to medium scale slope face countermeasure works. PC anchor or other landslide countermeasure works were required for large scale landslides which have the depths of slide exceeding 2m. 5 refs., 7 figs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nomura, T.; Fujiwara, A.; Ito, M. [Obayashi Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
1997-07-10
The present study has performed a two-dimensional sprint supporting experiment on effects imposed on vibration damping efficiency of spacers by variation in cable interval, vibration frequency, weight and diameter of parallel cables used in cable-stayed bridges. The experiment indicated phenomena varying in such a way that a characteristic having an unstable limit cycle is shown at cable intervals smaller than SH = 3.05 D, while a soft type characteristic is shown at cable intervals greater than 4.0 D. The onset velocity for wake galloping (WG) to appear increases in proportion to mass and attenuation parameters. Its increasing rate agrees nearly well with the manual type gradient. The appearance of WG can be suppressed easily when the cable intervals are greater than 4 D. The lower the cable vibration frequency, the higher the damping capability can be raised by using friction force. Because the damping performance of spacers decreases relatively when cable weight increases, the suppression effect decreases contrarily to a case of using no spacers. The wind velocity for the WG to appear when spacers are used can be evaluated by using the damping gradient. 5 refs., 20 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nagano, K.; Sugiyama, H.; Takahashi, M. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)
1997-01-30
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is studied from the viewpoint of implementing costs. As far as the global warming issue is concerned, the factor to affect the environment is not the emitted volume but the concentration in the air. The ultimate target is the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentration at a level not to impose serious artificial damage on the ecosystem. Accordingly, various time paths are considered, including one in which much emission is allowed at the beginning and suppression is enforced acceleratedly in the later stage. In this study, a path demanding but the minimal cost in the period up to the target time point is discussed, using as the tool the marginal cost for measure implementation. In a reasonable emission control strategy, the emission control marginal cost follows a time path that is dependent upon an increase function to be determined by the discount rate and survival rate (time constant) in the atmosphere. In the industrial branch, instead of imposing short-term and rigid emission volume control limits, a longer-term target may be set for reduction in the loads responsible for concentration acceleration, concrete emission controls under the given conditions may be implemented at the discretion of the implementing organizations, and reduction in cost may be realized by time distribution with the environmental impacts kept at approximately equal levels. 5 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fukuchi, N. [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Nakamura, M. [Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo (Japan); Murayama, M.
1996-12-31
Identification was intended on effects of such thermal factors as metabolic amount, environmental temperature and humidity, and clothing resistance on human body temperatures during works under hot environments. Therefore, measurements were carried out on human skin temperatures, rectum temperatures and humidity inside clothing, while amount of motion, environmental temperature, and clothing are changed in a constant temperature room and under a sun irradiation environment. Furthermore, a heat balance model was prepared, which divides the objects into an outer shell layer whose temperature changes depending on the result of this experiment and into a core having constant temperature characteristics. An equation to derive skin temperatures was introduced from the model. The equation formulated a calculation formula for heat accumulation in human body, which can be used as a hot heat index. Relationship between thermal factors and heat storage amount was investigated to consider a thermal limit for a physical work. An equation to derive skin temperatures was confirmed capable of expressing general change in skin temperatures, being proved by comparison with experiments. Calculation formulas for amount of heat stored in human body were shown capable of expressing influence of different thermal factors, the expression being useful as a hot heat index. Calculating the human body heat storage is very largely affected by effect of sweat to dissipate heat, hence it is necessary to improve the accuracy including that for body temperature adjusting reactions. 17 refs., 17 figs., 5 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
This report describes the fiscal 1998 result on development of genome informatics technology. As comparative analysis technique of genes, the combination of electrophoresis and PCR was used. For improvement of the throughput and reproducibility of the technique, module- shuffling primers were used, and the multi(96)-arrayed capillary fragment analyzer was devised. The system detecting SNPs rapidly was also developed successfully. As analysis technology of DNA sequence by use of triple- stranded DNA formation, study was made on construction of long cDNA libraries, selective subtraction of specific sequences from libraries, and the basic technology of homologous cloning. Study was also made on each reaction step of IGCR technique for fast analysis, and specifications of a fluorescence transfer monitor. As modeling technique of genetic sequence information, the simulation model was developed for gene expression regulatory networks during muscle differentiation, and feedback regulation of period genes. Such support systems as transcription factor prediction and gene regulatory network inference were developed from existing data. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fukuchi, N [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Nakamura, M [Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo (Japan); Murayama, M
1997-12-31
Identification was intended on effects of such thermal factors as metabolic amount, environmental temperature and humidity, and clothing resistance on human body temperatures during works under hot environments. Therefore, measurements were carried out on human skin temperatures, rectum temperatures and humidity inside clothing, while amount of motion, environmental temperature, and clothing are changed in a constant temperature room and under a sun irradiation environment. Furthermore, a heat balance model was prepared, which divides the objects into an outer shell layer whose temperature changes depending on the result of this experiment and into a core having constant temperature characteristics. An equation to derive skin temperatures was introduced from the model. The equation formulated a calculation formula for heat accumulation in human body, which can be used as a hot heat index. Relationship between thermal factors and heat storage amount was investigated to consider a thermal limit for a physical work. An equation to derive skin temperatures was confirmed capable of expressing general change in skin temperatures, being proved by comparison with experiments. Calculation formulas for amount of heat stored in human body were shown capable of expressing influence of different thermal factors, the expression being useful as a hot heat index. Calculating the human body heat storage is very largely affected by effect of sweat to dissipate heat, hence it is necessary to improve the accuracy including that for body temperature adjusting reactions. 17 refs., 17 figs., 5 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
For the state-run plant of Pakistan Steel in Pakistan, an investigational study was conducted on energy conservation and reduction in greenhouse effect gas emission. In the project, energy conservation technology on the following was tried to be introduced: coke oven coal moisture control (CMC) equipment, sintering cooler waste heat recovery equipment, blast furnace hot stove waste heat recovery equipment, blast furnace pulverized coal injection (PCI) equipment, blast furnace top pressure recovery turbine (TRT) equipment, and hot strip mill heating furnace regenerative type burner equipment. Further, in the project on environmental improvement, studies were made on coke oven environmental improvement and blast furnace cast house dust collection. The results of the study indicated that economical effects of the energy conservation project were considered as low because the unit price of energy of Pakistan Steel is low. However, substitution of the low-priced domestic coal for the imported coal has a good effect, and energy conservation in the TRT power generation and by the regenerative type burner produces a highly economical effect. Therefore, Pakistan Steel also agrees to positively promote the project. Moreover, concerning the environmental improvement project, it was considered that the necessity of the project is high in the relation of the coke oven aimed at reducing emissions of toxic substances. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 WE-NET phase 2, task 2 research result on safety measures. In the study on preparation of the safety design standard, based on the concept design of the hydrogen supply station under investigation in task 7, latent anomalies and accidents, safety measures against them, and precautions for the safety design were arranged. Survey was made on databases available to collect failure rates necessary for quantitative risk assessment. In the study on establishment of a safety evaluation method, an evaporation apparatus for liquid hydrogen was prepared for comparative experiment with liquid nitrogen. Various information on flow and evaporation properties of liquid hydrogen were obtained. Survey was made on previously reported documents for hydrogen explosion experiment and preparation of an experiment plan. The simulation model for spillage, evaporation and diffusion of liquid hydrogen was verified and improved on the basis of the experiment results. A commercially available computation program for hydrogen deflagration was introduced, and its implementation was studied. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
For the purpose of contributing to the economic growth and the global environmental protection in the Asian area, an investigation was carried out into energy conservation technology and environmental protection technology in the chemical industry of Japan. Measures for energy conservation are shifting from those which do not cost so much such as reduction in excess air rate of the heating furnace, and reduction in reflux ratio of the distillation tower to those with equipment investment such as waste heat recovery of the heating furnace and waste heat recovery of the distillation tower. In the 1980s, the utilization of low temperature waste heat by absorption type refrigerator and heat pump was promoted and the energy utilization efficiency by computer control was enhanced. Concerning environmental measures, the following were carried out: installation of the flue gas desulfurization device and reconstruction of high-rise stack, reduction of NOx by combustion control, smoke/dust disposal of electrostatic precipitator, combustion of hydrocarbon causing photochemical oxidant, catalytic oxidation, condensation, treatment by activated carbon, activated sludge treatment for BOD/COD, diaphragm process for dimethylmercury, ion exchange resin process, etc. 21 refs., 29 figs., 27 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The project for energy saving dissemination activities and technological assistance for Thailand is carried out, and the FY 2000 results are reported. For Siam Iron and Steel (SISCO), the experts are dispatched for reviewing the operating conditions of the facilities constructed by the model project, their maintenance and examination, time series diagnosis of the recuperator performance, and providing technical assistance for fuel consumption and high-load combustion of the downstream unit. Furthermore, the site survey and technical assistance are provided for two newly selected Thai steel enterprises, Sahaviriya Steel Industries Public Co. (SSI) and the Bangkok Iron and Steel Works Co. (BISW). For SSI, it is predicted that energy of approximately 50Mcal/ton can be saved by, e.g., enhancement of waste heat recovery, enhancement of heat insulation of skid pipes, introduction of steel discharging temperature prediction system, and combustion control. For BISW, it is predicted that energy of approximately 25Mcal/ton can be saved by, e.g., enhancement of waste heat recovery and reduction of heat loss in the waste gas. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-09-01
This paper describes the discussion report for fiscal 1998 on the CMG (coal methane gas) recovery and utilization project to be implemented from fiscal 1998 through fiscal 2002 at Tiefa Mining Bureau of Liaoning Province in China. The Daixing mine was selected as the survey object. The introduced technologies and facilities include test drilling for degassing (medium measure horizontal degassing of 300-m class), induction from degassing holes, fly ash sealing, sealed gas degassing, surveillance and control technologies and facilities. The recovered gas is to be supplied to the cities of Tiefa and Tieling as town gas, for which compressed gas feeding and controlling technologies and facilities will be introduced. This paper lists the gush-out quantity (1,000 Nm{sup 3}), the recovery quantity (1,000 Nm{sup 3}), the recovered gas concentration (%), the utilization quantity (1,000 Nm{sup 3}), and the utilization rate (%). The figures for the respective items before and after the implementation are 128366, 32949, 44.5, 7000, 5, 123500, 43890, 49.1, 39826, and 32. The quantity of gas gushing out at facings decreases in association with increase in the recovered gas quantity, whereas the gas concentration at facings in the Daixing mine in 2003 is estimated to decrease to 0.1%, contributing to safe mining operation. The test drilling for medium measure horizontal degassing expands the degassing assured scope per one test drilling seat, and can reduce the total test drilling length and construction amount. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
The data book is compiled, based on common industrial classifications, as the tool for analyzing, e.g., the mutual ripple effects of economic growth and increased efficiency of energy consumption throughout the Asia-Pacific region. This book summarizes the industrial-related and energy-related tables for 8 Asian countries and Japan. The book II is for the 1985 data (1987 data for China), comparing with the book I for the 1990 data. The industry-related tables are composed of the tables for transaction bases, input coefficients, final demand converters, importation coefficients, inverse matrices, sensitivity/influence coefficients, production inducement levels, production inducement coefficients, degrees of dependence on production inducement, importation inducement levels, importation inducement coefficients, and degrees of dependence on importation inducement. Energy-related tables are composed of the tables for, e.g., energy input, energy consumption, emissions, and CO2 emissions. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
The above-named seminar was held in Bangkok, Thailand, on January 30, 2001, and covered three kinds of industries of ceramics, glass, and aluminum. Approximately 200 people attended the meeting, consisting of NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)-affiliated people and 16 lecturers from Japan, and Thai participants. The seminar comprised a 'keynote address' and 'lectures on engineering' that aimed at the three industries as a whole, and 'lectures on engineering' and 'cases and activities for energy conservation' that aimed, respectively, at the three industries. Lectures were delivered on operating technologies which were already in practical use and on state-of-the-art technologies. The keynote address, entitled 'Global warming prevention and industrial furnaces,' covered the results of the 'High-performance industrial furnace field test project.' The lectures on engineering dealt with the 'instrumentation control system' and 'heat insulation technology' which were basic technologies for energy conservation and 'diagnosis technology and practice' which aimed at the enhancement of energy conservation after the start of operation. Questions and answers were earnestly exchanged. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
For the purpose of curtailing energy consumption in the steel industry, a heavy energy consuming industry in Thailand, a model project was carried out for waste heat recovery on a billet reheating furnace, with the fiscal 1999 results compiled. This model project is to install a high efficiency recuperator and the latest combustion control system in the existing furnace in a SISCO (The Siam Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.) plant in Thailand. This year, following the preceding year, the construction manual was prepared, as were the test run manual, performance verification manual, operation and maintenance manual, etc. Supervisors were also dispatched to the site, giving guidance of the installation work, test run and the demonstrative operation, on the basis of these documents. Operation for verifying performance of the equipment was implemented on November 17, 1999, with the intended results obtained. Subsequently, operation maintenance instructors were dispatched, with energy saving effect proved through the collection/analysis of operation data and monitoring, for example. Further, as the dissemination activities, pamphlets and videos were prepared, and seminars were held, among others. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 2000 from the WE-NET Phase II for Task-2, the safety measures. In order to structure safety design criteria, potential anomalies, accident phenomena, and safety measures that can be applied were put into order based on the conceptual designs on hydrogen supply stations. Items of information were collected and put into order on failure rates and other factors to estimate accident occurrence frequency required for quantitative risk assessment. Representative event scenarios were selected by estimating the event evolving processes. In order to obtain knowledge about the steady state of run-off and evaporation of liquefied hydrogen, experiments were performed by using a small-size experimenting device, whereas new findings were discovered. To identify the fundamental knowledge related to explosion of hydrogen, and to verify a program simulating the explosion, explosion experiments were inaugurated to have established the stable experiment performing method. A calculation program simulating leakage and evaporation of liquefied hydrogen was verified and analyzed from the experimental results, and the program improvements were discussed. Pre-estimation and verification were carried out on the explosion experiments by using the hydrogen explosion and combustion simulating calculation program, and discussions were given on program improvement. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-03-01
With an objective to identify quantitatively the mutually influencing effect of economical development and energy consumption efficiency improvement in the entire Asia-Pacific region, a data collection was prepared according to the common industry classification as a tool to analyze energy consumption improvement in Asia. This data collection summarizes the industry relation tables and the energy relation tables available in eight Asian countries (Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, China, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia) and Japan. Both kinds of the tables are unified in conception among the nations, hence comparable. The industry relation table consists of a basic transaction table, a charged coefficient table, a final demand converter table, an import coefficient table, a reverse matrix table, a sensitivity coefficient able, an influence force coefficient table, a production inducing amount table, a production inducing coefficient table, a production induction dependence table, an import inducing amount table, an import induction coefficient table, and an import induction dependence table. The energy table consists of an energy input table, an energy consumption table, and an emission table. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 research result on Japanese technology competitiveness, future trend, technology innovation and policy needs in a medical health care field. Future international growth of a medical health care equipment industry is promising because of an expected progress of medical care technology, change in medical care needs and creation of the new global market. The current highlighted technical trend is fusion of medical technology with network, system, biotechnology and micro-machine technologies, and such fusion is expected to contribute to daily use, less/no invasion and improvement of medical treatment. Industry-government cooperative measures for upgrading an international competitiveness are as follows: an approach as national policy by preparing Japanese BECOM, preparation of a system supporting venture businesses for developing medical health care equipment, and systematic establishment of a medical-engineering cooperative system. Preparation of a complementary relation with overseas countries is also desirable. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
This paper explains the Japan-China alternative energy seminar (February 28 and March 1, 2001, at Beijing). The purpose of the seminar is to introduce systematic and three-dimensional or land/sea/air measures for waste disposal including recycling in Japan, to provide guidance of measures in improving recognition and methods for waste disposal in China, and also to contribute to the dissemination and promotion of a model project for effectively utilizing waste heat from rubbish incineration, a project being implemented in Harbin City now. The activities of NEDO were introduced, with emphasis placed on a model program, called Green Aid Project, for managing heat from waste incineration. On the subjects of sustainable development, urban environment, and energy, the policy of China's tenth five-year plan was demonstrated, and the treatment of wastes in China was also explained. The present state of waste processing in Japan was introduced, as was its maintenance of the facilities. Concerning Japan's waste processing technologies and characteristics of the equipment, there were presented non-incineration processing including crushing/separating, RDF, compost, methane fermentation, etc.; incineration plants; and each of the technologies such as combustion, exhaust gas, ash treatment, use of remaining heat, and gasification melting. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nasu, S. [The Energy Conservation Center Japan, Tokyo (Japan)
1997-02-01
Tokyo Electric Power has realized a peak shift of 5% for the maximum power demand by various measures to cope with increasing power demand and differential rate by time zone, including expansion of the differential rate system and heat-storage systems. Some of more notable recent techniques are eco-ice and eco-vendor systems, the former storing ice in the heat-storage tanks and the latter strongly cooling vending machines during nighttime. The NAS battery system is being developed as the new technique for load leveling. The energy-related advisory organ for Minister of International Trade and Industry asks each industrial unit to save at least 1% of power on the annual average as the energy-saving measure towards 2000. The energy-saving measures promoted by the government for the coming winter are controlled release of wastes, efficient use of power, setting room temperature at 19{degree}C or lower and voluntarily refrain from commuting by cars. The US power industry is abandoning the concept of DSM in the midst of deregulation and increased competition, and cutting budgets for new energy development. California`s SCE is promoting energy-saving through expanded use of high-efficiency motors, accurate grasp of customers` needs and publicity activities through internet systems. 4 figs., 1 tab.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-09-01
This paper describes the achievements of the discussions in fiscal 1998 on the utilization facilities related to the coal bed methane gas supply plan for the city of Tieling in China. The gas quality standard calls for 3,500 kcal/m{sup 3} or more (methane concentration of 41% or higher). The supply is planned to start in December 1999, and continue the supply of 141,000 Nm{sup 3}/day in 2000, and 212,000 Nm{sup 3}/day in 2001 and thereafter. A gas supply center to collect gases recovered from each mine will be installed in the vicinity of the existing gas holder located about 2 km east of the Tiefa Mining Bureau. The Japanese side bears the cost of installing a gas compression and transportation facility for gas supply to the city of Tieling, a monitoring system, and devices for comprehensive surveillance system. This paper shows the overall plan drawings, the drain separator room building plan, the plans for arranging devices in the machine room, and the piping scheme. In addition, the piping plan around the gas holder, and the basic device plan are shown. Also appearing in the paper are the machine summary drawings, summarized flow charts, gas holder plan, de-humidifier plan, and electricity and instrumentation plans. The main body and supporting structure for the gas holder, and the foundation strength calculation sheets are also shown. Descriptions are given also on the facilities to deal with variation in demand quantity and supply quantity. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1999-09-01
This paper describes the achievements of the discussions in fiscal 1998 on the recovering system for coal bed methane gas to be supplied to the city of Tieling in China. The paper puts on record the associated documents, and figures and drawings. The associated documents appearing in the paper include the table for explosion-proof examination on the recovering devices, a parts list for the RK-3A type test drilling machine, and its operation manual. Specifications for the test drilling machine (including those for the sealing pumps), specifications for the mouth facilities, and device lists are shown. Test drilling device arrangement drawings and standard drilling record table are also described. Central blower specifications, a back-fire preventing device, a device to prevent well exterior from freezing, and a summarized drawing for drain remover for gas induction for the Daixing mine are explained. The schemes for induction and sealing, specifications and procedures for observation devices are shown. Specifications for sealing materials and the centralized monitoring facilities are also touched on. The safety measures, measures taken for power failure in the centralized monitoring facilities, and the control organization are described. Test drilling cost simulation and environment assessing methods are also described. The figures and drawings presented include the topographic map, Daixing mine cavity drawing, pipeline network, and chart for representative test drilling columns near the coal beds were also presented. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
This paper describes the survey and discussion on a system to treat microorganisms generated from organic wastes and recover bio-gas energy as an ancillary facility of buildings. The roof of a building is the most suitable location in terms of open space and odor problem, and because the waste liquid after energy recovery can be flown into the city sewage system. Suitable processes for energy recovery are the primary fermentation, followed further by second stage fermentation purposed of reducing BOD. Since rapid enhancement of the efficiency cannot be expected from the present methane fermentation technologies, it is worth discussing to convert the first step from methane fermentation to hydrogen fermentation, for which technological development is indispensable. Permission by the national or local government would be an important condition. Organic wastes treatment systems with different scales may be considered from wastes treatment in each house to treatment of wastes after collection on the whole city basis. Treating wastes with high water content, such as kitchen refuses and human waste is beneficial among organic wastes being collected and treated by local governments. It is beneficial because sorted collection for that purpose can be carried out, and existing incineration systems can be operated more efficiently. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
The survey has given an eye to the coal that it can be easily burnt together with combustible waste and supplements unstable generation of waste. Thus, the establishment of the Energy Center at the place where infrastructure of coal will be arranged, a lot of combustible waste will be expected to generate and a considerable aniybt if energy will be used, has been planned, and this survey is intended to study the scale of Energy Center, its economy and the problems to be solved. In power plant project using RDF for above-mentioned local governments, the construction of power plant and the renewal time of the existing incinerator to RDF facility can be planned separately in this system. The power plant will be economically constructed and the amount of coal can be decreased in accordance with increased RDF to meet wide range of refuse treatment. In FY 1997, the actual situation of the waste treatment and the infrastructure of coal supply was surveyed, and selection of the place suitable for the Energy Center and its scale was studied. 69 figs., 50 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
In this report, for Japan and typical developing countries and for the CO2 emitted from the combustion process of the fixed type exhaust source which is easy in recovery, technical problems and economical problems were made clear in case of using the recovered CO2 for the industrial field, and at the same time, effects of the energy conservation were studied. As to CO2, the two methods were considered: a method to use the recovered CO2 as it is and a method to use the carbon compound obtained by reducing CO2 by any method. Further, in the industrial field, there are a lot of industries which use CO2, carbon, methanol, etc., and in the present situation fossil fuel is used for production materials such as CO2, carbon and methanol. As substitutes for fossil fuels for the industries using these hydrocarbons as raw material, the use of the recovered CO2 and the synthesized hydrocarbon was considered. And, survey was made of the applicable industrial fields, the amount of the recovered CO2 use there, and effects of energy conservation by reduction in amount of the fossil fuel use. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
For global scale measures to be taken for environmental protection, it becomes more and more important in the future to positively transfer and spread energy conservation technologies of Japan to overseas countries. Especially, it is effective for both economic growth in the Asian region and global environmental protection to transfer technologies which the oil refining industry has been developing and accumulating. Energy conservation in the oil refining industry means the energy conservation by strengthening the operational control at the first and second oil crises in the first stage, the energy conservation in the second stage which was accompanied by small and medium scale plant/equipment investments during several years after the first stage, and the energy conservation in the third stage which was accompanied by large scale investments from the first half of the 1980s to the present, resulting in improvement of 40% over before the first oil crisis. As to environmental protection measures, measures to reduce waste from oil refinery against air pollution and water pollution were prepared by the first half of the 1970s, and technologies were established of waste water treatment, flue gas desulfurization and denitrification. A lot of facilities for improvement of product quality and for low pollution were installed. In addition to environmental technologies, also in other industries, there were seen the heightening of thermal efficiency of kiln and thermal efficiency of cooling technique of clinker cooler in the cement industry and the improvement of productivity in the paper/pulp industry. 360 figs., 62 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
Oil demand is expected to substantially grow in the future, and the use of oil with combustibles such as hull, baggase and waste is considered from an effective use of energy. A regional model survey was conducted as measures to reduce environmental loads where the fuel mixing combustion with coal and other energy is made the core. The domestic production amount of hull is 2.4-3.0 tons/year, which have a heating value of 3,500 kcal/kg. If hull can be formed into the one storable for a the long term (the one mixed with low grade coal, etc.), it can be a fuel for stable supply. Bagasse is produced 100 million tons/year, which have a heating value of 2,500 kcal/kg. Among wastes, waste tire, plastics, waste, sludge, etc. have a lot of problems in terms of price and environment, but each of them has a heating value during 3,000-10,000 kcal/kg. As to the coal combustion, the pollutional regulation on it is strict, and much higher processing technology is needed. The technology of coal fuel mixing combustion with other energy has not risen higher than the developmental level. Though the technology is a little bit higher in price than the coal fuel single combustion, it is viable. 38 refs., 32 figs., 65 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
Research was conducted with the aim of provide small and medium enterprises as well as consumers with (1) information concerning color on a global scale and (2) technical support for the color planning of homes and apparel. (1) In 20 major countries (23 regions), color-related sensory evaluations were carried out and simultaneous fact-finding studies to investigate the use of colors in homes and apparel were conducted, after which a database was built containing color information according to country (region). (2) Using the above data together with data from color evaluation experiments, a model formula was obtained for measuring the amenity of colors. (3) This formula was employed to develop software for evaluating the amenity of colors by computer. (4) A multimedia system was built that permits shared use of the results of (1) through (3) above. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
Research was conducted with the aim of provide small and medium enterprises as well as consumers with (1) information concerning color on a global scale and (2) technical support for the color planning of homes and apparel. (1) In 20 major countries (23 regions), color-related sensory evaluations were carried out and simultaneous fact-finding studies to investigate the use of colors in homes and apparel were conducted, after which a database was built containing color information according to country (region). (2) Using the above data together with data from color evaluation experiments, a model formula was obtained for measuring the amenity of colors. (3) This formula was employed to develop software for evaluating the amenity of colors by computer. (4) A multimedia system was built that permits shared use of the results of (1) through (3) above. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-03-01
For the purpose of conserving energy and reducing greenhouse effect gas, a remodeling project was studied of urea plants constructed from the 1960s to the 1970s. Conditions for being companies for study are as follows: company has a production scale of more than 0.2 million t/y, adopts the complete circulation method, and will continue operation. And, Duncans Industries Ltd. (DIL) was selected. DIL owns the ammonia plant of 3 series x 400 t/d and the urea plant of 3 series x 682 t/d. In the modeling, stripper and carbamate condenser are added to the existing reactor as the main equipment. As a result of the study, the energy conservation effect was 13,667 toe/y, and the amount of reduction in greenhouse effect gas was 42,289 t-CO2/y. The total amount of this project was roughly estimated at 1.517 billion yen. By carrying out the project, the urea production cost is reduced approximately $9/t, but the project becomes unprofitable if the urea price is based on $188.1/t. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1996-03-01
The coal utilization is expected to make substantial growth according to the long-term energy supply/demand plan. To further expand the future coal utilization, however, it is indispensable to reduce environmental loads in its total use with other energies, based on the coal use. In this survey, a regional model survey was conducted as environmental load reduction measures using highly cleaned coal which were taken in fiscal 1993 and 1994. Concretely, a model system was assumed which combined facilities for mixed combustion with coal and other energy (hull, bagasse, waste, etc.) and facilities for effective use of burned ash, and potential reduction in environmental loads of the model system was studied. The technology of mixed combustion between coal and other energy is still in a developmental stage with no novelties in the country. Therefore, the mixed combustion technology between coal and other energy is an important field which is very useful for the future energy supply/demand and environmental issues. 34 refs., 27 figs., 48 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-07-01
A color amenity calculating system was developed. The paper described the details, calculating method, verification, etc. of the system. This calculating system automatically calculates the score of amenity for color of the specified image, and the application field is 'exterior/appearance of building and streets,' 'interior,' and 'fashion.' Elements composing color amenity are the matching degree, familiarity, lightness, brightness and unity of colors. The weighed average value of these becomes general color amenity. Based on 'the survey of the world's youth,' color amenity is calculated by area, assuming that people in 23 areas of 20 countries in the world have different amenity by male/by female. In the system, objects are called up by 'input of stimulus,' and color information of images is numerated by 'measurement of color distribution.' In 'selection of parameters,' it is clarified whom the amenity is for (by country/by sex). The calculation is made instantaneously, indicating the result on the screen. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-07-01
A color amenity calculating system was developed. The paper described the details, calculating method, verification, etc. of the system. This calculating system automatically calculates the score of amenity for color of the specified image, and the application field is 'exterior/appearance of building and streets,' 'interior,' and 'fashion.' Elements composing color amenity are the matching degree, familiarity, lightness, brightness and unity of colors. The weighed average value of these becomes general color amenity. Based on 'the survey of the world's youth,' color amenity is calculated by area, assuming that people in 23 areas of 20 countries in the world have different amenity by male/by female. In the system, objects are called up by 'input of stimulus,' and color information of images is numerated by 'measurement of color distribution.' In 'selection of parameters,' it is clarified whom the amenity is for (by country/by sex). The calculation is made instantaneously, indicating the result on the screen. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1983-03-01
As the element research on a 10-MW class geothermal binary cycle power plant to be built in the coming term, researches were made on corrosion preventive measures and the cycle optimum for the plant. This paper reports the achievements in fiscal 1982. In the research on corrosion preventive measures, different kinds of materials were buried in three locations having different soil natures to study corrosion due to soil. The corrosion rate of heat conducting pipes using the heat media R114 was estimated as very small as 1/40 of the corrosion rate in geothermal waters. In the research on the cycle optimum for the plant, experimental research was performed on thermo-dynamic properties and thermal stability of the mixed media using R114 as the main component. As a result, the R114/R112 system was found to have higher pressure than R114, but the media circulation amount is less, and the output at the power transmission terminal increased by 5 to 10%. The system showed the most excellent heat cycle characteristics. In the research of building a power plant installed with two different power generation systems, a computer program was prepared that calculates heat balances all at once for the case of installing a geothermal binary cycle power plant in a geothermal steam power plant. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1996-03-01
This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: 1) environmental preservation technology using biotechnology, 2) technology for effective use of unused hydrocarbon resource, 3) technology for development of environmental harmony type catalyst. In 1), a survey was conducted of applicability of biological surfactant to prevention measures of pollution by heavy distillate. It showed that part of the biological surfactants is reaching a stage of its being industrially produced by gene recombination bacteria, but as a whole, biosynthetic genes have hardly been elucidated. In 2), a survey of high-grade treatment technology of petroleum coke was made. It pointed out that it is necessary to develop a technology which makes the most of features of petroleum coke and allows defects. In 3), scientists and engineers of Japan and Europe searched for themes on which they can jointly study in the fields of NOx removal catalyst, up-grading of fuel, and development of catalyst combustion of fuel. 287 refs., 136 figs., 128 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-03-01
This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: (1) technology for effective use of saturated hydrocarbon, (2) technology for reducing excess of aromatic hydrocarbon, (3) high-grade treatment technology of petroleum coke. In (1), surveys were conducted of technologies of effective use of natural gas and effective use of C4 saturated hydrocarbon. Surveyed were a method for producing synthesis gas from natural gas, a technology to liquefy natural gas into fuel following the synthesis gas production process, a technology to liquefy natural gas into fuel without the synthesis gas production process, and the trend of effective use of C4 saturated hydrocarbon. In (2), surveys were made of process to reduce production of aromatic hydrocarbon as much as possible, process to effectively separate aromatic hydrocarbon, and process to convert excess aromatic hydrocarbon into polymer, etc. In (3), surveys were conducted on petroleum coke and pitch in terms of production methods, the supply/demand situation, property characteristics, usability to new fields, etc. 170 refs., 114 figs., 65 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-07-01
An investigational study was conducted for the youth of main 20 cities of the world including Japan, aiming at clarifying characteristics of the color sense and at constructing a color-related global database and studying how to use it. This data is the results of the analyses. In the analysis of all items, the following were indicated: color mapping by country, analysis of similarity of countries, relations between 'the survey of the world's youth' and the internet survey, etc. In the analysis of each item, the following were shown: regional difference in color of hair/color of pupil/color taste, analysis of life color, analysis of memory color in the natural world, warm-cold/light-heavy/loud-quiet images and color taste, analysis of color association data by language, regional difference in colors which have been most enjoyed/regional difference in colors peculiar to cities, and analysis of regional difference in evaluation of coloring matching degrees. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1998-03-01
For the purpose of the effective international research cooperation, the paper surveyed in fiscal 1997 the effective use technology of saturated hydrocarbon, technology against the surplus aromatic hydrocarbon and technology of high grade treatment of petroleum coke. In the survey of the effective use technology of saturated hydrocarbon, trends of FT synthesis technology and DME synthesis technology were studied as trends of technology to produce synthetic gas, and a project was proposed for technical development of using natural gas as liquid fuel in Japan. In the survey of technology against the surplus aromatic hydrocarbon, studied were the benzene law regulation and the supply/demand trend of aromatic hydrocarbon, process to reduce production of aromatic hydrocarbon as much as possible, process to reduce aromatics of the produced petroleum products, and process to effectively use aromatic hydrocarbon as chemical raw material. In the survey of high grade treatment of petroleum coke, studied were a possibility of using HS petroleum coke in the DIOS method, iron bath gasification, and copper bath gasification technology. 108 refs., 146 figs., 103 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1994-03-01
This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: 1) environmental preservation technology using biotechnology, 2) technology for effective use of unused hydrocarbon resource, 3) solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) technology for high-efficient electric vehicles. In 1), bio-remediation is a choice as the result of trially using technologies for remediation of the environment polluted by pollutant, but it is not a technically completed one, but one which will be improved by trial and error. By the application of gene engineering, the use of gene recombination enables wide spread of decomposition genes. In 2), technical subjects were studied such as superheavy distillate, oil shale, coalhead methane and methane hydrate. In 3), designed were cylinder type and planar type SOFC of 850degC operation and 10kW output. Accumulation and weight of a total SOFC system are 81 liters and 100 kg in cylinder type and 136 liters and 200 kg in planar type. The vehicle can be equipped with the SOFC. 171 refs., 72 figs., 54 tabs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
Research is conducted to properly deal with environmental problems, such as compromised solar cell safety, which may follow the mass introduction and diffusion of photovoltaic power systems. In the research of fiscal 1999 on technical literature on environmental measures against lead and animal tests, a need was found to reduce lead in power systems and to grasp lead elution characteristics for the establishment of environmental measures. In a safety test conducted for thin-film CIS (copper indium diselenide) based solar cells, basic data were collected about the vaporization rate of Se, the effect of moisture on the Se vaporization rate, etc. Basic data were also collected about the relationship between the combustion temperature and the amount of scattered lead in particular from the solder used as the conducting material in silicon based solar cells. In the evaluation of the environmental impact of thin-film CIS solar cells in case of fire, it was found that Se concentration below 10-20m in the plume was near the permissible concentration of 0.1mg/m{sup 3} as recommended by Japan Society for Occupational Health and that the concentration levels predicted for the periphery were two orders of magnitude smaller than the mandatory level. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-06-01
The feasibility study was conducted on a model project in Vietnam, aimed at solving the environmental pollution problems resulting from use of coal by demonstrating and disseminating the Japan's environmental technologies in the Southeast Asian countries. The feasibility study was conducted for the Cua Ong Coal Preparation Enterprise, which has the largest coal preparation capacity in Vietnam and port facilities. It is treating raw coal from 10 coal mines for classification and preparation, and shipping coal of various types that meet the standards for domestic use and export. The survey results point out that unrecovered coal remains in waste water discharged from the coal preparation plants to pollute the sea area, and that quantity of the refuse increases because of the unrecovered coal it contains. The environmental technologies needed to introduce include modification to variable wave pattern type jigging separator, refuse height measuring instrument and automatic controller, circulating heavy medium gravimeter, highly functional settling pond, and flocculent facilities. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-07-01
An investigational study was conducted for the youth of main 20 cities of the world including Japan, aiming at clarifying characteristics of the color sense and at constructing a color-related global database and studying how to use it. This data is the results of the analyses and mapping. The following were included as data: calculational results of the mapping by country (all items), calculational results of the similarity analysis of countries (regions), regional clusters of color taste and characteristics of each cluster, international comparison of memory color in the natural world, analysis of regional difference in warm-cold/light-heavy/loud-quiet images, analysis of color association data by language, analysis of image maps by factor analysis, regional difference in color association concerning 15 languages, analysis of regional difference in color association data by language, analysis of regional difference in colors which have been most enjoyed/colors peculiar to cities, international comparison of evaluation of 2-color coloring matching degrees, and international comparison of evaluation of coloring matching degrees. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
1997-07-01
An investigational study was conducted for the youth of main 20 cities of the world including Japan, aiming at clarifying characteristics of the color sense and at constructing a color-related global database and studying how to use it. This data is the results of the analyses. In the analysis of all items, the following were indicated: color mapping by country, analysis of similarity of countries, relations between 'the survey of the world's youth' and the internet survey, etc. In the analysis of each item, the following were shown: regional difference in color of hair/color of pupil/color taste, analysis of life color, analysis of memory color in the natural world, warm-cold/light-heavy/loud-quiet images and color taste, analysis of color association data by language, regional difference in colors which have been most enjoyed/regional difference in colors peculiar to cities, and analysis of regional difference in evaluation of coloring matching degrees. (NEDO)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2000-03-01
A lathe, which is a central tool in a factory of automobiles or home electric appliances, tends to suffer decreased machining precision resulting from thermal deformation. This project is aimed at development of the energy-saving, high-precision lathe technologies using self compulsory cooling and thermal insensitive technologies as the countermeasures against the thermal deformation. The self compulsory cooling is a method of cooling by evaporation of water with an evaporative, water-absorptive cloth being bonded to a machine tool surface around the major axis. The thermal insensitive technologies include the three-dimensionally zero-center design technologies which help design a lathe in such a way to set the processing point (tool working point) at the base of thermal deformation in the X, Y and Z axis directions; material combination technologies to control thermal deformation; and coloring technologies to control thermal deformation. The development target is the high-precision lathe fabrication technologies, which realize a temporal precision change of 1 to 2 {mu}m or less per work dimension of 100mm. The activities cover 5 areas, including development of elementary technologies for each item and construction/evaluation of the full-size test unit. (NEDO)