Natural History Muuseum eksponeeris kogemata surnud rotti / Rael Artel

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Artel, Rael, 1980-

2004-01-01

Grafitikunstnik Robert Banks (Banksy) liimis salaja Briti loodusmuuseumi näitusesaali seinale klaasist kasti surnud rotiga. Teose nimi "Bankus Militus Ratus" oli esitatud kaasnevas tekstis. Roti topis oli riidesse mähitud, päikeseprillid peas, seljakott selja, mikrofon käpa küljes jm. Klaaskasti seinal oli grafititekst "our time will come"

Assessing the impact of road transport infrastructure investment on economic development in South Africa

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Anathi Hlotywa

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: There has been considerable decline in the investment on road transport infrastructure in recent times, as a result of the dwindling economic investment owing to lowering gross domestic product (GDP since 2009. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between road transport investment (ROTI and economic development (ED in South Africa. This article adopts the Harrod–Domar (HD model of economic growth and development theory, endogenous growth theory and Solow–Swan neoclassical growth model. Method: Data were derived from the South African Reserve Bank, Quantec database and Statistics South Africa (StatsSA between 1990 and 2014. It used time series, econometric models cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM to analyse. Result: The results of the estimation demonstrate that the explanatory variables account for approximately 86.7% variation in ED in South Africa. Therefore, there exists a positive relationship between ROTI and ED. Conclusion: This study established a long-run relationship between phenomena and demonstrates the role of road transport investment on economic development in South Africa.

ANALYSIS OF CAROTENOIDS AND LYCOPENE IN TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL. AND THEIR RETENTION IN TOMATO JUICE

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Ján Mareček

2012-04-01

Full Text Available 800x600 Normal 0 21 false false false SK X-NONE X-NONE In this work we investigated the effect of variety and processing on the content of carotenoids and lycopene in fruits and Tomato juice from the fruit after heat treatment. The experiment included four varieties are edible tomato for industrial processing (Báb, Žiara PK, Šampion and Roti PK. The concentration of total carotenoids and lycopene were determined spectrophotometrically on UV-VIS spectrophotometer Jenway at a wavelength of 445 and 472 nm. The highest average content of carotenoids in fruits were recorded at a variety Roti PK (7.0 mg/100 g-1 and lowest in variety Báb (4.8 mg/100 g-1. Heat treatment had a statistically significant positive effect on the lycopene content, changes in carotenoid content were not significant. Effect of genotype (variety for the content of the endpoint was significantly important.doi:10.5219/195 Normal 0 21 false false false SK X-NONE X-NONE

Uued mälestised aastal 2015 ja kadunud mälestised 2013-2015 / Triin Talk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talk, Triin

2016-01-01

Kolmest uuest ehitusmälestisest: Rapla KEK'i haldushoonest, Kulla leerimajast ja kultuuriseltsi Koit majast. Kultuurimälestiste hulgast on välja arvatud: Vana-Saaluse park, Roti vesiveski küün, Sangaste mõisa rehe 2 varemed, Maidla mõisa teenijatemaja ja valitsejamaja, Porkuni mõisa aednikumaja ja Sindis Kooli 8 asuv ouidust tööliselamu

Latitudinal variation in the occurrence of GPS L-band scintillations ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

TEC (ROT) and the rate of change of TEC index. (ROTI) have been studied by several researchers to ... is also of interest to study the spatial and tempo- ral variabilities of the GPS L-band scintillations in ...... tional GPS Service for Geodynamics, Berne, Switzerland,. March 25–26, 351p. Weber E J, Basu S, Bullett T W, ...

Pembuatan Aplikasi Delivery Order Toko Roti Vania Bakery

OpenAIRE

Antonio, Michael; Budhi, Gregorius Satia; Purba, Kristo Radion

2017-01-01

Amid the many activities that continue to rise, and time-consuming public to buy food directly to the desired bakery. Then some of the food and bakery through examples of existing cases, birth of a solution by providing messaging services, and to send food to the customer. If there is a case, if a person does not know what the menu is available, then surely someone is forced out of the house and go to the food or bakery it to make sure it directly. By using the application, with the internet ...

EFEKTIVITAS NIRA AREN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGEMBANG ADONAN ROTI

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Mody Lempang

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Fermentation is a natural process that happen in fresh-sweet sap of aren trees (Arenga pinnata Merr., because many kinds of microorganism stay and life in this substance e.g. bakteria (Acetobacter acetic and yeast (Saccharomyces tuac. Species of yeast from genus of Saccharomyses, e.g. Saccharomyses serivisae is wellknown as microorganism that can ferment sugar (glucose into alchohol and CO2. This natural process as well happen in aren sap, so that this substance potencially using as a swollen agent of bread or cake dough. This research objective is to recognize the effectiveness of aren sap as a swollen agent of bread dough. Fermentation duration of bread dough was one hour by using swollen agent of fresh, 10 hours old and 20 hours old of aren sap. Daily yield of sap tapped from aren trees in Maros district, South Sulawesi province was 7 litre (4-5 litre collected in the morning and 2-3 litre colected in the afternoon. Aren sap containt some of nutritions e.g. carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin C and mineral. Sweet taste of aren sap caused by it’s charbohydrate content of 11.18%. The effectiveness of aren sap as a swollen agent of bread dough is lower than instant (commercial yeast. The older of aren sap the lower of it’s effectiveness as a swollen agent of dough and kuality of bread yield.　　　　Keywords : Sap, Arenga pinnata, swollen agent, bread dough

PENGARUH PENGOLAHAN DAN PENAMBAHAN Na2EDTA PADA TERIGU FORTIFIKASI TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN BIOLOGIS SENG

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Estu Nugroho

2014-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to analyze changes in bioavailability of zinc (Zn caused by addition of Na2EDTA and processing of fortified wheat flour. Bioavailability of zinc was tested by in vitro method as a simulation of human digestive track. The result showed that there was no significant difference in the bioavailability of zinc on wheat flour which is processed by frying (donuts, steaming (steamed bun, and baking (bread (p>0.05. However, there was a tendency to increase the bioavailability of wheat flour processed by frying (donuts and baking (bread when compared to the raw dough. Raw dough had bioavailability of zinc 13.29%, after frying (donut increase to 14.72%, and after baking (bread increase to 17.06%. The addition of Na2EDTA also did not increase bioavailability of zinc significantly for the three types of processing (p>0.05, despite increased bioavailability of zinc on the donuts by 4.67%.Keywords: bioavailability, in vitro, Na2EDTA, wheat flour, zincABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perubahan ketersediaan biologis seng (Zn yang terjadi akibat penambahan Na2EDTA dan pengolahan terigu yang difortifikasi. Uji ketersediaan biologis seng dilakukan secara in vitro dengan mensimulasikan pencernaan manusia. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan ketersediaan biologis seng yang nyata pada terigu yang digoreng (donat, dikukus (bakpau, ataupun dipanggang (roti (p>0.05. Namun, terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan ketersediaan biologis pada terigu yang diolah dengan cara digoreng (donat dan dipanggang (roti dibandingkan dengan adonan mentah. Adonan mentah memiliki nilai ketersediaan biologis seng sebesar 13.29%, setelah digoreng (donat memiliki nilai ketersediaan biologis seng sebesar 14.72% dan setelah dipanggang (roti memiliki nilai ketersediaan biologis seng sebesar 17.06%. Penambahan Na2EDTA juga tidak memberikan peningkatan ketersediaan biologis seng yang nyata pada ketiga jenis pengolahan yang

PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN BREAD BAKING MODEL

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Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Bread product quality is highly dependent to the baking process. A model for the development of product quality, which was obtained by using quantitative and qualitative relationships, was calibrated by experiments at a fixed baking temperature of 200°C alone and in combination with 100 W microwave powers. The model parameters were estimated in a stepwise procedure i.e. first, heat and mass transfer related parameters, then the parameters related to product transformations and finally product quality parameters. There was a fair agreement between the calibrated model results and the experimental data. The results showed that the applied simple qualitative relationships for quality performed above expectation. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the microwave input is most meaningful for the internal product properties and not for the surface properties as crispness and color. The model with adjusted parameters was applied in a quality driven food process design procedure to derive a dynamic operation pattern, which was subsequently tested experimentally to calibrate the model. Despite the limited calibration with fixed operation settings, the model predicted well on the behavior under dynamic convective operation and on combined convective and microwave operation. It was expected that the suitability between model and baking system could be improved further by performing calibration experiments at higher temperature and various microwave power levels.  Abstrak  PERKIRAAN PARAMETER DALAM MODEL UNTUK PROSES BAKING ROTI. Kualitas produk roti sangat tergantung pada proses baking yang digunakan. Suatu model yang telah dikembangkan dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitaif telah dikalibrasi dengan percobaan pada temperatur 200oC dan dengan kombinasi dengan mikrowave pada 100 Watt. Parameter-parameter model diestimasi dengan prosedur bertahap yaitu pertama, parameter pada model perpindahan masa dan panas, parameter pada model transformasi, dan

Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu Terhadap Kualitas Roti Tawar

OpenAIRE

Yuliandari, Vebi; Ruaida, Ruaida; Holinesti, Rahmi

2015-01-01

Purple sweet potato flour as a food ingredient has not been optimally used in the diversification of food processing, while the purple sweet potato flour can be an alternative to replace some of the flour as the main ingredient of bread This study aimed to analyze the effect of substitution of purple sweet potato flour as much as 5 %, 10% and 15% of the wheat flour used for external quality and internal quality as well as hedonic on bread. The research is a pure experiment with completely ran...

Dinámica poblacional del rotífero Brachionus ibericus aislado de estanques para camarón, alimentado con diferentes dietas

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José Cristóbal Román-Reyes

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La producción de microalgas vivas para cultivar rotíferos constituye uno de los mayores costos de operación en la larvicultura de peces, por lo que se están desarrollando sustitutos comerciales de microalgas para la alimentación y producción de rotíferos. Se desconoce el efecto que tienen las formulaciones comerciales sobre la dinámica poblacional de rotíferos nativos del noroeste de México y en este estudio se evaluó el efecto de cuatro dietas comerciales (Espirulina, RotiMac®, Nanno 3600®, RotiGrow-Plus® y la microalga viva Nannochloropsis sp., sobre el crecimiento poblacional y fecundidad del rotífero Brachionus ibericus (GenBank KJ949043, aislado de una granja de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei. Se realizaron cinco réplicas por tratamiento alimenticio utilizando recipientes con volumen de 12 L de agua, con temperatura de 29 ± 1°C y salinidad de 35 ± 1, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que durante los periodos experimentales, las dietas probadas resultaron adecuadas para alimentar a B. ibericus, con tasas de crecimiento, tiempos de duplicación, densidades máximas y fecundidades que fluctuaron entre 0.20 a 0.27 rotíferos día-1, 2.60 a 3.42 días, 215 a 344 rotíferos mL-1 y de 0.16 a 0.39 huevos hembra-1, respectivamente. Las diferencias entre tratamientos fueron significativas (P 0.05 a las obtenidas con Nanno 3600®.

PENERAPAN BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR ROTI (Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Leta Leta

2010-07-01

Full Text Available This research is aimed for knowing the influence of temperature, pH, and their interaction on the amount and quality of oils formed in fermentative extraction of coconut oil using bakers, yeast the treatment examined temperature divided into four treatments, pH divided into two treatments, and three repetitions. All treatment in this research met SII. The research result show that: (1 Treatment of temperatures give different effects on the amount of oils, temperatures of 350C and 300C produced the highest amount of oil, give different effects on water content, temperatures of 300C and 350C resulted in the lowest amount of water content, gave different effect on iodine number, and on lathering number, temperature of 350C resulted in the lowest number, did not give different effects on the level of free-fats acid. (2 Treatment of pH did not give different effect on the amount of oil, on water content but give different effect on iodine number, on lathering number, pH of 4 was lower the pH of 4.5. (3 Interaction of treatments of temperatures and pHs give different effect on the amount of oil, temperatures of 350C with pH of 4 and temperatures of 300C with pH 4 produced highest amount of oil, give different effect on water content, temperature of 300C with the pH of 4.5 resulted in the lowest amount of water content, the temperature of 250C with pH 4.5 produced high water content (0.55%, temperature 300C with pH 4.5 resulted in the lowest peroxide number. It gives different effect on the content of free fats acid, produced oil whit bright colour, good taste and smell and it was not immediately rancid.

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PEMBUAT BAHAN ADONAN ROTI TIPE HORIZONTAL BERKAPASITAS 10 KG

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Sukanto Sukanto

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Modern technology recently was impact technology manufacturing of breads. Many mixer machine available on market, but to get special capacity mixer  as 10 kg is difficult. The goals of the research to design and manufactur mixer machine with 10 kg capacity. Experimental metode was applied of this study. The opinions data will be collected by some producer and grocer breads  responden. Furthermore the conclusion of this machine people need will be design and manufactur. Running test must be done to know performance machine produced. Finally this research was produced mixer machine with 10 kg capacity with  mixer unit by  screw sumbu horizontal system and 1 phase electric was applied. Dimension machine is ±85 x 65 x100 cm. Running test was done with good result, breads batter material ductile and kalis suitable to breads.  Beside that’s  the capacity of mixer was increase until 3 time form 1 – 3 kg

Geomagnetic storm effects on the occurrences of ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial/low-latitude region

Science.gov (United States)

Amaechi, P. O.; Oyeyemi, E. O.; Akala, A. O.

2018-04-01

The study investigated the effects of intense geomagnetic storms of 2015 on the occurrences of large scale ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial/low-latitude region. Four major/intense geomagnetic storms of 2015 were analyzed for this study. These storms occurred on 17th March 2015 (-229 nT), 22nd June 2015 (-204 nT), 7th October 2015 (-124 nT), and 20th December 2015 (-170 nT). Total Electron Content (TEC) data obtained from five African Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations, grouped into eastern and western sectors were used to derive the ionospheric irregularities proxy indices, e.g., rate of change of TEC (ROT), ROT index (ROTI) and ROTI daily average (ROTIAVE). These indices were characterized alongside with the disturbance storm time (Dst), the Y component of the Interplanetary Electric Field (IEFy), polar cap (PC) index and the H component of the Earth's magnetic field from ground-based magnetometers. Irregularities manifested in the form of fluctuations in TEC. Prompt penetration of electric field (PPEF) and disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) modulated the behaviour of irregularities during the main and recovery phases of the geomagnetic storms. The effect of electric field over both sectors depends on the local time of southward turning of IMF Bz. Consequently, westward electric field inhibited irregularities during the main phase of March and October 2015 geomagnetic storms, while for the June 2015 storm, eastward electric field triggered weak irregularities over the eastern sector. The effect of electric field on irregularities during December 2015 storm was insignificant. During the recovery phase of the storms, westward DDEF suppressed irregularities.

Climatology of ionospheric scintillation over the Vietnam low-latitude region for the period 2006-2014

Science.gov (United States)

Tran, Thi Lan; Le, Huy Minh; Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Fleury, R.

2017-10-01

This paper presents the characteristics of the occurrence of ionospheric scintillations at low-latitude, over Vietnam, by using continuous data of three GSV4004 receivers located at PHUT/Hanoï (105.9°E, 21.0°N; magnetic latitude 14.4°N), HUES/Hue (107.6°E, 16.5°N; magnetic latitude 9.5°N) and HOCM/Ho Chi Minh city (106.6°E, 10.8°N; magnetic latitude 3.3°N) for the period 2006-2014. The results show that the scintillation activity is maximum during equinox months for all the years and depends on solar activity as expected. The correlations between the monthly percentage scintillation occurrence and the F10.7 flux are of 0.40, 0.52 and 0.67 for PHUT, HUES and HOCM respectively. The distribution of scintillation occurrences is dominant in the pre-midnight sector and around the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), from the 15°N to 20°N geographic latitude with a maximum at 16°N. The results obtained from the directional analysis show higher distributions of scintillations in the southern sky of PHUT and in the northern sky of HUES and HOCM, and in the elevation angles smaller than 40°. The correlation between ROTI and S4 is low and rather good at PHUT (under EIA) than HOCM (near equator). We found better correlation in the post-midnight hours and less correlation in the pre-midnight hours for all stations. When all satellites are considered during the period of 2009-2011, the range of variation of the ration between ROTI and S4 is from 1 to 7 for PHUT, from 0.3 to 6 for HUES and from 0.7 to 6 for HOCM.

Pemanfaatan Roti Afkir Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performans Itik Peking Umur 1-8 Minggu

OpenAIRE

Akiki, Adli

2014-01-01

Adli akiki: Utilization of Waste Bread in Feed to Peking Ducks Performance for age 1-8 week, under the Supervision of MA’RUF TAFSIN and USMAN BUDI. This research has been conducted at Bunga Raya street Medan asam kumbang, which took place from December 2013 until January 2014. This research aims to determine the effect of the use of waste bread on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion Peking duck. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 tr...

PROTEOLYTIC AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF HALOPHILIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM TWO INDONESIAN FERMENTED FOODS

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Asep A. Prihanto

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Exploration of fermented foods as sources of fibrinolytic enzymes is increased in the last decades. Terasi and Jambal roti is Indonesian traditional fermented fish products, which were famous in Java Island. Both are important products in Indonesian dishes, especially in Java. Investigation on halophilic lactic acid bacteria using MRS and M-17 agar obtained seventy four isolated strains. Their proteolytic and fibrinolytic activities were determined using skim milk agar and plasminogen-free fibrin plate. Twenty five isolates showed protease activities, while only four of them secreted fibrinolitic enzyme. The highest proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity was shown by TB1 strain, which is identified as Bacillus coagulans. The 16s rDNA is still in investigating to confirm the TB1 strain identity.

Storage influence on the functional, sensory and keeping quality of quality protein maize flour.

Science.gov (United States)

Shobha, D; Kumar, H V Dileep; Sreeramasetty, T A; Puttaramanaik; Gowda, K T Pandurange; Shivakumar, G B

2014-11-01

Apart from nutritional values functional and sensory properties affect the behavior of food system and its acceptability for consumption during storage. Hence keeping quality of maize flour (HQPM-7) with and without lime treatment(control) was studied in terms of functional (bulk density, pH, swelling capacity, water and oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, peroxide value), sensory (appearance, color, taste, texture, mouth feel and overall acceptability) and rolling parameters (water absorption by flour, rolling quality, diameter after baking ) for a period of 6 months under room temperature (25 ± 5 °C) in two types of packages viz, LDPE cover (P) and plastic box (B). Physical parameters such as length, breadth and thickness (11.26-10.52 mm, 9.67-9.14 mm, & 4.72-3.95 mm) were reduced in lime treated grains compared to control. Significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in ash content of lime treated flour (1.67 ± 0.01 g) was observed compared to control (1.5 ± 0.02 g). Calcium content of lime treated maize flour increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 48 to 136 mg. There is a significant reduction in functional properties of flour after 3 and 2 months irrespective in polyethylene cover and plastic box. The properties like rolling quality, diameter after baking and water uptake by the flour were reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after 4 months of storage in treated and after 1 month in control samples. Sensory scores of roti (dry pan cake) decreased significantly after 3 months of storage with an overall acceptability score of 4.0 and 3.4. In control samples mean taste (3.6), mouth feel (3.8) as well as OAA scores (3.8) decreased after second month. Hence lime treated maize flour with added nutritional benefits is suitable for making rotis of good palatability and can be stored in LDPE covers up to 3 months.

Effect of different milling methods on glycaemic response of foods made with finger millet (Eucenea coracana) flour.

Science.gov (United States)

Jayasinghe, M A; Ekanayake, S; Nugegoda, D B

2013-12-01

Compare glycaemic response of foods prepared with finger millet flour, using traditional stone grinding and industrial milling. Crossover study. Healthy volunteers (n=11) consisting of five males and six females), aged between 20 and 30 years, with a body mass index of 18.5-23.5 Kgm-2. Blood glucose concentration was measured at fasting and 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after ingestion of roti and pittu made with stone ground or industrially milled finger millet flour, containing 50 g of available carbohydrates. Glycaemic Index (GI) values were expressed as the average value of the 11 subjects. Significant differences (p0.05) in proximate compositions of the different foods or raw flours. Foods prepared with finger millet (kurakkan) flour with a larger particle size distribution resulted in a lower glycaemic response.

LTV1 raidījuma „Aizliegtais paņēmiens” ētiskie aspekti

OpenAIRE

Zeikate, Ieva

2015-01-01

Bakalaura darba tēma ir LTV1 Raidījuma „Aizliegtais paľēmiens” ētiskie aspekti. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt raidījuma saturu, noskaidrot, vai tajā tiek ievēroti ţurnālistikas ētikas principi un vērtības, noteikt raidījuma mērķus un izmantotos līdzekļus, kā arī to saskaľotību, veicot raidījuma izpēti aptuveni gada garumā. Teorija balstīta par televīziju, pētnieciskās ţurnālistikas teorētisko raksturojumu, ētiku un ţurnālistikas ētikas pamatprincipiem. Izvēlētās pētniecības metodes i...

Aktivitas Protease Dari Bacillus circulans Pada Media Pertumbuhan Dengan pH Tidak Terkontrol

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La Ode Sumarlin

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Salah satu enzim yang telah banyak dipelajari adalah enzim protease. Jenis enzim inimerupakan enzim yang penting dari segi ekonomi karena menguasai 59% dari total penjualanenzim di dunia. Aplikasi protese telah meluas, baik pada industri pangan maupun nonpangan.Industri pangan memanfaatkan protease untuk memperbaiki tekstur, mempersingkat waktupencampuran, dan meningkatkan volume adonan pada pembuatan roti, menjernihkan bir,mengempukkan daging, dan menggumpalkan susu. Enzim ini dapat dproduksi oleh mikrobadalam suatu media mengandung Air Rendaman Kedelai (ARK dengan pH tidak terkontrol.Pengukuran aktivitas enzim menggunakan metode Bergmeyer dan Grassl sedangkan kadarprotein ditentukan dengan metode Bradford. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa AktivitasProtease (AP pada media Air Rendaman Kedelai dan media standar dengan pH tidakterkontrol masing-masing sebesar 0,1814 U/ml dan 0,0342 U/ml. Produksi protease pada mediatersebut optimum pada pH 9,28, jam ke-56 pada fase akhir eksponensial dari fase pertumbuhanmikroba.

FORMULASI TEPUNG LABU KUNING (Cucurbita maxima DAN TERIGU TERHADAP DERAJAT PENGEMBANGAN ADONAN DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK ROTI MANIS

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Susilawati Susilawati

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of the research was to determine the formulation of pumpkin flour and wheat flour for producing the best of dough improvement and organoleptic properties of sweet bread. The research was carried out in a complete randomized block design, single factor with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The 8 formulations of pumpkin flour and wheat flour  were: (F consisted of F1 (0:100, F2 (5:95, F3 (10:90, F4 (15:85, F5 (20:80, F6 (25:75, F7 (30:70, and F8 (35:65. The results showed that F3 was the best formulation to produce sweet bread with a dough improvement  2.51% and organoleptic with score of color 4.07 (yellow, texture 3.43 (somewhat soft, taste 3.50 (sweet, flavor 3.00 (somewhat typical pumpkin, and overall acceptance 3.70  (like. The sweet bread of F3 contained moisture 18.90%, ash 1.18%, fat 8.63%, protein 9.47%, crude fiber 3.11%, and carbohydrate (by difference 58.71%. Keywords:  Cucurbita maxima, pumpkin flour, sweet bread, wheat flour

Pemanfaatan Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa textilia )Menjadi Selai Sebagai Isian Roti Serta Daya Terima dan Kandungan Zat Gizinya

OpenAIRE

Kamal, Mustapa

2015-01-01

Banana peel plantains (Musa textilia) is a waste material (organic waste) which pretty much amounts. Banana peel generally significantly untapped simply disposed of as organic waste and used as fodder. Banana peel plantains can be processed into jam. Jam is a preferably food by children to the adult. Jam has a teksture (holf solid) and sweet taste. This research aims to determine the acceptability test and nutritional content of jam with the using of banana peel plantains. The type of researc...

Penggunaan Enzim α-Amilase dari Saccharomycopsis fibuligera R64 untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Roti Komposit Terigu-Ubi Jalar Ungu

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Agus Safari

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas var. Ayamurasaki is one of typical sweet tubers which is also commonly well known as Ipomoea blackie due to blackish purple (solid purple tuber skin and flesh. The sweet potato can be transformed into flour or pasta and used to substitute wheat flour in the production of composite bread. Instead of synthetic chemical compounds, α-amylase isolated from the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera can be added to the flour or dough of the composite bread to improve its quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of α–amylase addition on the quality of the purple sweet potato flour and pasta composite bread. The observed properties of the bread were crumbs morphology of the bread, volume increment, bread height, texture, and organoleptic test. The results showed that addition of the α-amylase to the dough of the composite bread increased the volume increment value from 155.0% to 177.1% and from 335.7% to 342.1% for the sweet potato flour and pasta bread composite, respectively. While height of the bread increased from 4.7 to 5.1 cm and from 6.9 to 7.8 cm after addition of the enzyme for the sweet potato flour and pasta bread composite, respectively. Composite bread with α-amylase addition has softer texture and higher preference. Morphology examination result showed that starch granules in the bread crums with α-amylase treatment were disrupted. Most plausibly, the enzymes degrade the starch granules and produced dextrin which inhibited the cross linking formation between starch and protein, and therefore, the speed of hardening process of the bread can be reduced.

MANAJEMEN KULTUR ROTIFER DENGAN TANGKI VOLUME KECIL

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Philip Teguh Imanto

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Keberhasilan pembenihan ikan sangat dipengaruhi keberhasilan produksi jasad pakan rotifer secara tepat dan efisien. Penelitian kultur rotifer dengan tangki volume kecil bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi produksi yang paling optimal dan memenuhi prinsip dasar akuakultur low volume high density. Penelitian menggunakan tangki polyethylene dengan volume 500 L dan volume media awal 100 L, padat tebar awal 200 ind. rotifer per mL dengan sediaan pakan dasar fitoplankton Nannocloropsis occulata, ragi roti (0,05 g/mio.rot./feeding dan suplemen Scott emulsion (0,005 g/mio.rot./feeding. Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap; tahap pertama (I tanpa penambahan air laut, peningkatan volume hanya dari penambahan 15 L Nannochloropsis tiap hari sampai hari kelima, tahap kedua (II dengan penambahan alga 40 L dan air laut 40 L; serta tahap ketiga (III dengan menggandakan pemberian ragi roti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada percobaan tahap I: total produksi rata-rata 122,37 x 106 ind. rotifer, pada tahap II: 97,67 x 106 ind. rotifer, dan pada tahap III: dicapai rata-rata total produksi tertinggi dengan 187,17 x 106 ind. rotifer per tanki kultur 500 L. Pengelolaan kultur pada tahap III memberikan hasil terbaik dengan simpangan terkecil antar tangki kultur ulangan, dan membuktikan sebagai pengelolaan terbaik untuk kultur rotifer dengan tangki volume kecil.  Success of marine seed production is highly influenced by effective and efficient production performance of life food rotifer. Observation on rotifer culture using small volume tank was aimed to get the optimum production and efficiency, to fulfill the basic principle of aquaculture “low volume high density”. Polyethylene tanks of 500 L. were used as culture container, with initial 100 liter sea water as culture medium and initial density of 200 ind. rotifer per mL. N. occulata, baker yeast (0.05 g/mio.rotifer/feeding and Scott emulsion (0.005 g/mio.rotifer/feeding were used as basic feed, and

Observational Analysis of Variation Characteristics of GPS-Based TEC Fluctuation over China

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Xifeng Liu

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this study, the characteristics of the total electron content (TEC fluctuations and their regional differences over China were analyzed by utilizing the rate of the TEC index (ROTI based on GPS data from 21 reference stations across China during a solar cycle. The results show that there were significant regional differences at different latitudes. Strong ionospheric TEC fluctuations were usually observed at lower latitudes in southern China, where the occurrence of TEC fluctuations demonstrated typical nighttime- and season-dependent (equinox months features. This phenomenon was consistent with the ionospheric scintillation characteristics of this region. Additionally, compared to low-latitude China, the intensity of TEC fluctuations over mid-latitude China was significantly weaker, and the occurrence of TEC fluctuations was not a nighttime-dependent phenomenon. Moreover, the intensity of TEC fluctuations was much stronger during high solar activity than during low solar activity. Furthermore, the summer-dependent characteristics of TEC fluctuations gradually emerged over lower mid-latitude areas as equinox characteristics weakened. Similar to the equinox characteristics, the summer-dependent characteristics gradually weakened or even disappeared with the increasing latitude. Relevant discussions of this phenomenon are still relatively rare, and it requires further study and analysis.

Role of therapeutic fasting along with other Naturopathy and Yoga Modalities in addressing acne vulgaris – A single case report

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Pushparaj Ameya

2017-09-01

Full Text Available A 23 year old female diagnosed as acne vulgaris underwent Therapeutic fasting (TF and other naturopathy and yoga modalities for 30 days. She presented with eruptions all over her face and the face was edematous. She was given a modified diet for initial 3 days which included fresh fruits and juices along with cooked vegetables and sorghum roti. Additionally Naturopathy treatments like Swedish massage, steam bath, warm water enema and hip bath were given along with some yogic postures, pranayam and kriyas (Cleansing procedures. The patient responded well to the therapeutic fasting. By the end of 30 days there were no eruptions in her face and her skin also was clear. All the treatments were based on the principle of naturopathic medicine that the body has its own power to heal itself. TF has shown to attenuate inflammatory status of the body by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and decreasing body fat and circulating levels of leukocytes. This is the first study to report the non pharmacological approach towards treating acne. To conclude fasting along with other naturopathy and yoga modalities has shown noteworthy changes in reducing the inflammatory response in acne vulgaris. However large scale studies are warranted.

MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG

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Saptana Saptana

2014-09-01

telur ayam  kampung; dan 3 menganalisis rantai nilai komoditas telur ayam  kampung. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari hasil wawancara terstruktur dengan peternak ayam  kampung petelur serta wawancara kelompok dengan para pelaku rantai pasok di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis R/C ratio, margin tata niaga dan analisis rantai nilai, sementara informasi kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dengan fokus pada kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1 terdapat delapan pelaku utama rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam  kampung,  yaitu pemerintah, industri perbibitan, peternak, kelompok peternak, asosiasi peternak, pedagang di sentra produksi, pedagang di sentra konsumsi, dan industri kue/roti; 2 kelembagaan yang paling strategis dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam  kampung adalah kelembagaan distribusi dan pemasaran; dan 3 industri kue/roti menerima nilai tambah terbesar per  unit output, sedangkan pedagang besar di pusat produksi dan pedagang besar di pusat konsumsi menerima nilai terbesar secara agregat. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang dihasilkan adalah pengembangan agribisnis komoditas telur ayam  kampung harus dilakukan secara terpadu dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok. Kata kunci: kelembagaan, tata niaga,  rantai nilai, telur, ayam kampung

Women miners in developing countries: pit women and others

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt; Martha Macintyre [Australian National University (Australia). Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies

2006-05-15

Contrary to their masculine portrayal, mines have always employed women in valuable and productive roles. Yet, pit life continues to be represented as a masculine world of work, legitimizing men as the only mineworkers and large, mechanized, and capitalized operations as the only form of mining. Bringing together a range of case studies of women miners from past and present in Asia, the Pacific Region, Latin America and Africa, this book makes visible the roles and contributions of women as miners. It also highlights the importance of engendering small and informal mining in the developing world as compared to the early European and American mines. The book shows that women are engaged in various kinds of mining and illustrates how gender and inequality are constructed and sustained in the mines, and also how ethnic identities intersect with those gendered identities. Chapters dealing with coal mining include: Introduction: Where life is in the pits (and elsewhere) and gendered; Japanese coal mining: women discovered; Mining gender at work in the Indian collieries: identity construction; Women in the mining industry of contemporary China; Roti do, ya goli do! (give us bread, or give us bullets!): stories of struggles of women workers in Bhowra colliery, India and Globalization and women's work in the mine pits in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. 17 ills.

Hydrological and chlorofluoromethane measurements of the Indonesian throughflow entering the Indian Ocean

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Fieux, M.; Andrié, C.; Charriaud, E.; Ilahude, A. G.; Metzl, N.; Molcard, R.; Swallow, J. C.

1996-05-01

The Java Australia Dynamic Experiment high-resolution February-March 1992 conductivity-temperature-depth and chlorofluoromethane section obtained between Australia and Bali and on the sills between Flores, Sumba, Sawu, Roti, and the Australian continental shelf allows detailed examination of the water masses distribution and their inferred circulation. A sharp hydrological front between the Indonesian waters and the southern Indian Ocean waters is found between 13°S and 14°S in both seasons (February-March 1992 and August 1989). It separates the high-salinity surface waters to the south from the lower-salinity surface waters derived from the Indonesian Seas to the north. It reaches the surface in February 1992, whereas it was capped by a particularly low salinity surface layer in August 1989. Near Bali, the NW monsoon of February-March produces large intrusions of low-salinity water from the Java Sea, through Lombok Strait in the upper 100 m. At depth, the North Indian Intermediate Water, flowing along the Indonesian coast, brings salty, low-oxygen and low-chlorofluorocarbon water. It enters the Sawu Sea through Sumba Strait toward the east, while it undergoes strong mixing with the Indonesian Seas water. The primary pathway of the Indonesian waters is found north of the front and south of the North Indian Intermediate Water, between 13°S and 9°30'S, and the associated salinity minimum can be followed all across the Indian Ocean.

Seed protein improvement in wheat by mutation breeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muhammed, A.; Shakoor, A.; Tahir Nadeem, M.; Ali, A.; Ifzal, S.M.; Sadiq, M.

1976-01-01

Several nutritional surveys conducted in different areas in Pakistan have shown the prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition, especially among young children. However, there is no evidence of overall deficiency of protein resources in the country on a national basis. The available data are entirely inadequate to draw a definite conclusion about the extent of malnutrition in the country, and to plan a strategy for improving the diet of vulnerable groups. The common meal of the low income groups consists of Dal-Roti, which is a spiced pulse soup and pan bread. It is therefore essential to improve the protein content of the pulses and wheat in order to overcome malnutrition. The average yield per acre of pulses in Pakistan is very low, and it is particularly important to evolve high yielding, improved grain quality varieties of the popular pulses which have been hitherto largely neglected. Studies on the improvement of various local and exotic varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mung (Phaseolus aureus), through induced mutation, have yielded several high yielding and high protein mutants. These mutant lines are being further investigated for the confirmation of their variant traits. Single plant selections of mung bean made from the M 2 generation on the basis of their plant type, habit of growth, maturity time, grain yield and disease resistance are under critical observation. Other pulses, e.g. Cicer arietinum, Lens esculenta and Phaseolus mungo have also been included in the programme; however the breeding work on these crops is still in the preliminary stages. (author)

First Study on the Occurrence Frequency of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over West Africa Using an All-Sky Airglow Imager and GNSS Receivers

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Okoh, Daniel; Rabiu, Babatunde; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Otsuka, Yuichi; Segun, Bolaji; Falayi, Elijah; Onwuneme, Sylvester; Kaka, Rafiat

2017-12-01

This is the first paper that reports the occurrence frequency of equatorial plasma bubbles and their dependences of local time, season, and geomagnetic activity based on airglow imaging observations at West Africa. The all-sky imager, situated in Abuja (Geographic: 8.99°N, 7.38°E; Geomagnetic: 1.60°S), has a 180° fisheye view covering almost the entire airspace of Nigeria. Plasma bubbles are observed for 70 nights of the 147 clear-sky nights from 9 June 2015 to 31 January 2017. Differences between nighttime and daytime ROTIs were also computed as a proxy of plasma bubbles using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers within the coverage of the all-sky imager. Most plasma bubble occurrences are found during equinoxes and least occurrences during solstices. The occurrence rate of plasma bubbles was highest around local midnight and lower for hours farther away. Most of the postmidnight plasma bubbles were observed around the months of December to March, a period that coincides with the harmattan period in Nigeria. The on/off status of plasma bubble in airglow and GNSS observations were in agreement for 67.2% of the total 768 h, while we suggest several reasons responsible for the remaining 32.8% when the airglow and GNSS bubble status are inconsistent. A majority of the plasma bubbles were observed under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions (Dst ≥ -40 and Kp ≤ 3), but there was no significant pattern observed in the occurrence rate of plasma bubbles as a function of geomagnetic activity. We suggest that geomagnetic activities could have either suppressed or promoted the occurrence of plasma bubbles.

Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) flour as a vehicle for fortification with zinc.

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Tripathi, Bhumika; Platel, Kalpana

2010-01-01

Millets, being less expensive compared to cereals and the staple for the poorer sections of population, could be the choice for fortification with micronutrients such as zinc. In view of this, finger millet, widely grown and commonly consumed in southern India, was explored as a vehicle for fortification with zinc in this investigation. Finger millet flour fortified with either zinc oxide or zinc stearate so as to provide 50mg zinc per kg flour, was specifically examined for the bioaccessibility of the fortified mineral, as measured by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion procedure and storage stability. Addition of the zinc salts increased the bioaccessible zinc content by 1.5-3 times that of the unfortified flour. Inclusion of EDTA along with the fortified salt significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of zinc from the fortified flours, the increase being three-fold. Inclusion of citric acid along with the zinc salt and EDTA during fortification did not have any additional beneficial effect on zinc bioaccessiblity. Moisture and free fatty acid contents of the stored fortified flours indicated the keeping quality of the same, up to 60 days. Both zinc oxide and zinc stearate were equally effective as fortificants, when used in combination with EDTA as a co-fortificant. The preparation of either roti or dumpling from the fortified flours stored up to 60 days did not result in any significant compromise in the bioaccessible zinc content. Thus, the present study has revealed that finger millet flour can effectively be used as a vehicle for zinc fortification to derive additional amounts of bioaccessible zinc, with reasonably good storage stability, to combat zinc deficiency. Copyright 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Coordinated observations of postmidnight irregularities and thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures at low latitudes

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Dao, Tam; Otsuka, Yuichi; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Nishioka, Michi; Yamamoto, Mamoru; Buhari, Suhaila M.; Abdullah, Mardina; Husin, Asnawi

2017-07-01

We investigated a postmidnight field-aligned irregularity (FAI) event observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar at Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E, dip latitude 10.4°S) in Indonesia on the night of 9 July 2010 using a comprehensive data set of both neutral and plasma parameters. We examined the rate of total electron content change index (ROTI) obtained from GPS receivers in Southeast Asia, airglow images detected by an all-sky imager, and thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures obtained by a Fabry-Perot interferometer at Kototabang. Altitudes of the F layer (h'F) observed by ionosondes at Kototabang, Chiang Mai, and Chumphon were also surveyed. We found that the postmidnight FAIs occurred within plasma bubbles and coincided with kilometer-scale plasma density irregularities. We also observed an enhancement of the magnetically equatorward thermospheric neutral wind at the same time as the increase of h'F at low-latitude stations, but h'F at a station near the magnetic equator remained invariant. Simultaneously, a magnetically equatorward gradient of thermospheric temperature was identified at Kototabang. The convergence of equatorward neutral winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres could be associated with a midnight temperature maximum occurring around the magnetic equator. Equatorward neutral winds can uplift the F layer at low latitudes and increase the growth rate of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, causing more rapid extension of plasma bubbles. The equatorward winds in both hemispheres also intensify the eastward Pedersen current, so a large polarization electric field generated in the plasma bubble might play an important role in the generation of postmidnight FAIs.

Fermentation of seaweed flour with various fermenters to improve the quality of fish feed ingredients

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Siti Aslamyah

2017-07-01

laut digunakan sebagai substrat, yaitu Kappaphycus alvarezii strain hijau, K. alvarezii strain coklat, Gracillaria gigas, Sargasum sp., dan Caulerva sp. Perlakuan yang diuji empat fermentor, yaitu Bacillus sp. 2 mL/100 g tepung rumput laut; 1,5% ragi tape sebagai sumber Rhizopus sp.; 1,5% ragi roti sebagai sumber Saccharomyces sp.; campuran Bacillus sp., ragi tape Rhizopus sp., dan ragi roti Saccharomyces sp. dengan komposisi 1 mL+1 g+1 g/100 g tepung rumput laut; serta kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan persentase KBK (21,94–27,76% dan KBO (8,35–11,66% semua jenis rumput laut difermentasi dengan fermentor dibandingkan kontrol (KBK 17,65–20,36, dan KBO 4,36–5,98% dan yang tertinggi dengan fermentor campuran (KBK 24,86–27,76 dan KBO 10,02–11,66%. Begitu juga yang terjadi pada komposisi kimia rumput laut difermentasi, terjadi peningkatan kadar protein (9,23–15,93% dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen/BETN (56,05–70,26% pada setiap rumput laut yang diberi perlakuan fermentasi menggunakan fermentor, dibandingkan kontrol (protein 8,82–11,54% dan BETN 52,26–65,72%, yang tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh rumput laut yang difermentasi dengan fermentor campuran (protein 9,92–15,93% dan BETN 58,47–70,26%. Namun, terjadi sebaliknya pada kadar abu, serat kasar, dan lemak rumput laut yang difermentasi dengan fermentor lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol, dan terendah dengan perlakuan fermentor campuran. Kata kunci: fermentasi, fermentor, rumput laut, kualitas, bahan pakan

A statistical study of GPS loss of lock caused by ionospheric disturbances

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Tsugawa, T.; Nishioka, M.; Otsuka, Y.; Saito, A.; Kato, H.; Kubota, M.; Nagatsuma, T.; Murata, K. T.

2010-12-01

Two-dimensional total electron content (TEC) maps have been derived from ground-based GPS receiver networks and applied to studies of various ionospheric disturbances since mid-1990s. For the purpose of monitoring and researching ionospheric disturbances which can degrade GNSS navigations and cause loss-of-lock on GNSS signals, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan has developed TEC maps over Japan using the dense GPS network, GEONET, which consists of more than 1,200 GPS receivers and is operated by Geophysical Survey Institute, Japan. Currently, we are providing two-dimensional maps of absolute TEC, detrended TEC with 60, 30, 15-minute window, rate of TEC change index (ROTI), and loss-of-lock (LOL) on GPS signal over Japan. These data and quick-look maps since 1997 are archived and available in the website of NICT (http://wdc.nict.go.jp/IONO/). Recently developed GPS receiver networks in North America and Europe make it possible to obtain regional TEC maps with higher spatial and temporal resolution than the global weighted mean TEC maps in the IONEX format provided by several institutes such as International GNSS Service (IGS) and another global TEC map provided by MIT Haystack observatory. Recently, we have also developed the regional TEC maps over North America and Europe. These data and quick-look maps are also available in the NICT website. In this presentation, we will show some severe ionospheric events such as high latitude storm-time plasma bubbles and storm enhanced density events observed over Japan using the GPS-TEC database. These events cause loss-of-lock of GPS signals and large GPS positioning errors. We also discuss about the statistical characteristics of LOL on the GPS signal caused by ionospheric disturbances.

Observational study of ionospheric irregularities and GPS scintillations associated with the 2012 tropical cyclone Tembin passing Hong Kong

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhe; Liu, Zhizhao

2016-05-01

This study presents the ionospheric responses observed in Hong Kong to a Typhoon, namely, Tembin, from the aspects of the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities and scintillations, using Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from a ground-based GPS scintillation monitoring station in Hong Kong and from GPS receivers on board the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites. The ionospheric irregularities and scintillations are characterized by the rate of total electron content variation index (ROTI) and the amplitude scintillation index S4, respectively. The typhoon Tembin formed over the western North Pacific during 18-30 August 2012 and approached Hong Kong during 24-27 August 2012 with the closest distance 290 km from Hong Kong at around 17 universal time (UT) on 25 August 2012. The ground-based observations indicate that in the nighttime period of 20:00-02:00 local time (LT = UT + 8 h) on 26 August when Tembin passed closely to Hong Kong, the ionospheric irregularities and scintillations of GPS signals were observed in the south of Hong Kong, over the area of 13°N ~ 23°N in latitude and 110°E ~ 120°E in longitude. From the COSMIC observations, it shows that the number of radio occultation scintillation events peaks on 26 August 2012 during the passage of Tembin. Without the presence of strong geomagnetic or solar activity, it is suspected that gravity waves might be generated in the lower atmosphere and likely seed the formation of ionospheric plasma irregularities. This work for the first time from Hong Kong observes the sign of coupling between the lower atmosphere and ionosphere in a tropical cyclone event, combining both ground- and space-based GPS observation data.

Assessing the Performance of GPS Precise Point Positioning Under Different Geomagnetic Storm Conditions during Solar Cycle 24

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Xiaomin Luo

2018-06-01

Full Text Available The geomagnetic storm, which is an abnormal space weather phenomenon, can sometimes severely affect GPS signal propagation, thereby impacting the performance of GPS precise point positioning (PPP. However, the investigation of GPS PPP accuracy over the global scale under different geomagnetic storm conditions is very limited. This paper for the first time presents the performance of GPS dual-frequency (DF and single-frequency (SF PPP under moderate, intense, and super storms conditions during solar cycle 24 using a large data set collected from about 500 international GNSS services (IGS stations. The global root mean square (RMS maps of GPS PPP results show that stations with degraded performance are mainly distributed at high-latitude, and the degradation level generally depends on the storm intensity. The three-dimensional (3D RMS of GPS DF PPP for high-latitude during moderate, intense, and super storms are 0.393 m, 0.680 m and 1.051 m, respectively, with respect to only 0.163 m on quiet day. RMS errors of mid- and low-latitudes show less dependence on the storm intensities, with values less than 0.320 m, compared to 0.153 m on quiet day. Compared with DF PPP, the performance of GPS SF PPP is inferior regardless of quiet or disturbed conditions. The degraded performance of GPS positioning during geomagnetic storms is attributed to the increased ionospheric disturbances, which have been confirmed by our global rate of TEC index (ROTI maps. Ionospheric disturbances not only lead to the deteriorated ionospheric correction but also to the frequent cycle-slip occurrence. Statistical results show that, compared with that on quiet day, the increased cycle-slip occurrence are 13.04%, 56.52%, and 69.57% under moderate, intense, and super storms conditions, respectively.

ANALISIS JENIS, JUMLAH DAN MUTU SARAPAN PAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

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Sopiyandi Sopiyandi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Type Analysis, Number and Quality Breakfast of Children on Elementary School. The research objective is to analyze the full breakfast at the elementary school students in District Rasau Jaya covering aspects of the type, quantity and quality of the breakfast. This research is an analytic with Cross sectional study design. Subjects were students at SDN 1 Rasau Jaya aged 8-12 years, a large sample of 215 respondents. The results showed that as many as 98.6% of students breakfasts with ten types of food most consumed by children during breakfast ie eggs, white rice, fried rice, yellow rice, tempeh, bulb meatballs, dumplings, bread, sausages and porridge. While the five types of beverage most consumed by children during breakfast was tea, milk, juice, water, and syrup. 54% of the number of good energy, 51% protein and 68.4% fat in both categories. 61.9% carbohydrate intake is not good. The nutritional quality of food is quite good kid. Abstrak : Analisis Jenis, Jumlah Dan Mutu Sarapan Pagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis sarapan pagi pada siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Rasau Jaya meliputi aspek jenis, jumlah dan mutu sarapan. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian Cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SDN 1 Rasau Jaya usia 8-12 tahun, besar sampel penelitian sebanyak 215 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 98,6 % siswa sarapan dengan sepuluh jenis makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh anak selama sarapan yaitu telur ayam, nasi putih, nasi goreng, nasi kuning, tempe, pentol bakso, siomay, roti, sosis, dan bubur. Sedangkan lima jenis minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh anak selama sarapan adalah teh, susu, air jeruk, air putih, dan sirup. Sebanyak 54% jumlah energi baik, protein 51 % dan lemak 68,4% pada kategori baik. 61,9% asupan karbohidrat tidak baik. Mutu gizi pangan anak tergolong baik.

Food choices during Ramadan

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Thamina Rashid

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Few studies have assessed the dietary Practices of people with diabetes during Ramadan (1. A sub study of Ramadan prospective diabetes study (2 which was conducted at the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and endocrinology, Karachi Pakistan in 2009 analyzed the food choices of patients with diabetes during Ramadan. Several irregularities regarding dietary intake and food choices were noted among the study participants. Although, the patients were counseled regarding diet before Ramadan, many did not follow the dietary advice. All patients had taken food at Iftar but majority of them preferred fried items like samosas, pakoras (fried snack, chicken rolls etc. these deeply fried items can lead to post Iftar hyperglycemia. Patients were also opted for fruit chat, dahibara and chanachaat at Iftar, higher load of these items can also worsen glycemic control. The striking finding was almost absence of meat (protein intake at Iftar but study from India showed increment of all three macronutrients during Ramadan (3. This may result in higher intake of items from carbohydrate and fat groups resulting in hyperglycemia after iftar. Intake of vegetables at Iftar was also negligible and hence the diet was not well balanced. The food choices at sahoor included roti, paratha (fried bread, slices, khajla, pheni, meat, egg and milk. Though it is advisable to take complex carbohydrates, protein and fat at sahoor as these are slowly digestible and can prevent hypoglycemia during fasting but khajla pheni are extremely rich in fat and carbohydrate content and should be avoided (4. However, paratha in 2 teaspoon of oil can be taken at sahoor.Patients with diabetes who fast during the month of Ramadan should have pre Ramadan dietary guidance and counseling session in order to modify their food preferences and choices during the holy month of Ramadan (4.

Magnetic storm effect on the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities at an equatorial station in the African sector

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Olushola Abel Oladipo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Large-scale ionospheric irregularities usually measured by GPS TEC fluctuation indices are regular occurrence at the equatorial region shortly after sunset around solar maximum. Magnetic storm can trigger or inhibit the generation of these irregularities depending on the local time the main phase of a particular storm occurs. We studied the effect of nine (9 distinct storms on the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities at Fraceville in Gabon (Lat = −1.63˚, Long = 13.55˚, dip lat. = −15.94˚, an equatorial station in the African sector. These storms occurred between November 2001 and September 2002. We used TEC fluctuation indices (i.e. ROTI and ROTIAVE estimated from 30 s interval Rinex data and also we used the storm indices (i.e. Dst, dDst/dt, and IMF BZ to predict the likely effect of each storm on the irregularities occurrence at this station. The results obtained showed that most of the storms studied inhibited ionospheric irregularities. Only one out of all the storms studied (i.e. September 4, 2002 storms with the main phase on the night of September 7-8 triggered post-midnight ionospheric irregularities. There are two of the storms during which ionospheric irregularities were observed. However, these may not be solely attributed to the storms event because the level of irregularities observed during these two storms is comparable to that observed during previous days before the storms. For this station and for the storms investigated, it seems like a little modification to the use of Aarons categories in terms of the local time the maximum negative Dst occurs could lead to a better prediction. However, it would require investigating many storms during different level of solar activities and at different latitudes to generalize this modification.

Pengimbuhan Ragi Roti dalam Pakan Meningkatkan Respons Imun Nonspesifik dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (SUPPLEMENTATION OF BAKER’S YEAST IN FEED ENHANCE NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE AND GROWTH OF NILE TILAPIA

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Henky Manoppo

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cereviciae to enhancenonspecific immune response and growth of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were obtainedfrom Freshwater Hatchery Tateli (BP3I, Marine and Fisheries Office, North Sulawesi. After acclimatizationfor two weeks in 1000 L fiberglass tank, fish with an average weight of 9 g were put in five 45 L-aquaria ata density of 15 fish/aquarium. During the experiment, fish were fed with feed pellet supplemented withfive different doses of baker’s yeast (10, 20, 30, 40 g yeast/kg pellet for four consecutive weeks at 5% bw/day, twice a day. Fish in different aquarium received different dose of baker’s yeast. Immune parametersincluding total leucocyte count and phagocytosis activity and growth of fish were measured at two weeksinterval. After four weeks of feeding, total leucocyte count and phagocytosis activity of phagocyte cells offish fed pellet supplemented with 10 g yeast/kg pellet increased significantly as compared to that ofcontrol fish (p<0.01. Growth of fish fed pellet supplemented with 10 g yeast/kg pellet also increasesignificantly as compared to control group (p=0.01. Average weight gain of fish fed pellet supplementedwith 10 g yeast/kg pellet was 15.00±1.00 g while control fish was 8.33 g. As conclusion, supplementationof baker’s yeast in feed could enhance nonspecific immune response and growth of Nile tilapia fish.

GNSS monitoring of the ionosphere for Space Weather services

Science.gov (United States)

Krankowski, A.; Sieradzki, R.; Zakharenkova, I. E.; Cherniak, I. V.

2012-04-01

The International GNSS Service (IGS) Ionosphere Working Group routinely provides the users global ionosphere maps (GIMs) of vertical total electron content (vTEC). The IGS GIMs are provided with spatial resolution of 5.0 degrees x 2.5 degrees in longitude and latitude, respectively. The current temporal resolution is 2 hours, however, 1-hour maps are delivered as a pilot project. There are three types IGS GIMs: the final, rapid and predicted. The latencies of the IGS ionospheric final and rapid products are 10 days and 1 day, respectively. The predicted GIMs are generated for 1 and 2 days in advance. There are four IGS Associate Analysis Centres (IAACs) that provide ionosphere maps computed with independent methodologies using GNSS data. These maps are uploaded to the IGS Ionosphere Combination and Validation Center at the GRL/UWM (Geodynamics Research Laboratory of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland) that produces the IGS official ionospheric products, which are published online via ftp and www. On the other hand, the increasing number of permanently tracking GNSS stations near the North Geomagnetic Pole allow for using satellite observations to detect the ionospheric disturbances at high latitudes with even higher spatial resolution. In the space weather service developed at GRL/UWM, the data from the Arctic stations belonging to IGS/EPN/POLENET networks were used to study TEC fluctuations and scintillations. Since the beginning of 2011, a near real-time service presenting the conditions in the ionosphere have been operational at GRL/UWM www site. The rate of TEC index (ROTI) expressed in TECU/min is used as a measure of TEC fluctuations. The service provides 2-hour maps of the TEC variability. In addition, for each day the daily map of the ionospheric fluctuations as a function geomagnetic local time is also created. This presentation shows the architecture, algorithms, performance and future developments of the IGS GIMs and this new space

Vitamin profile of cooked foods: how healthy is the practice of ready-to-eat foods?

Science.gov (United States)

Agte, Vaishali; Tarwadi, Kirtan; Mengale, Sangeeta; Hinge, Ashwini; Chiplonkar, Shashi

2002-05-01

During recent years importance of B complex vitamins, beta-carotene and vitamin C has been realised in terms of their antioxidative and anticarcinogenic properties. Fruits and vegetables are the rich sources of these vitamins. However, there are considerable cooking losses of vitamins, and information on vitamin contents of cooked foods is essential for assessing the adequacy of vitamin intakes. Secondly, there is a growing trend to consume ready-to-eat foods such as stuffed pancakes (samosa, patties), pastries, French fries; replacing traditional foods for lunch or dinner like roti, vegetable curry, bread, non-vegetarian items. Ready-to-eat foods are considered to give empty calories rather than a balanced diet. A study was undertaken to estimate ascorbic acid, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and beta-carotene of 263 cooked food samples and 260 meals representing dietary patterns of Asia, Africa, Europe, USA and Latin America by spectrophotometry and photoflurometry. A broad range of beta-carotene (84-2038 mcg%), riboflavin (0.01-0.48 mg%), thiamine (0.04-0.36 mg%), vitamin C (1-28 mg%) and folate (26-111 mcg%) was observed in individual foods. Bakery products and sweets were found to be poor sources and green leafy vegetables and fruits were good sources of these five vitamins. The differences between ready-to-eat foods and meals consumed during lunch or dinner were prominent for beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and folic acid (P < 0.05). The cooking losses were 34.6, 30, 52.2, 45.9 and 32.2% in case of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, beta-carotene and folic acid respectively. Irrespective of whether it is ready-to-eat or a lunch/dinner food item, the contribution of vegetables in the preparations was found to make a marked impact on the vitamin profile. While results justify the concept of a food pyramid, emphasis needs to be given to types of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins; preferably in their uncooked form, rather than considering their

Comparable Dietary Patterns Describe Dietary Behavior across Ethnic Groups in the Netherlands, but Different Elements in the Diet Are Associated with Glycated Hemoglobin and Fasting Glucose Concentrations.

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Dekker, Louise H; van Dam, Rob M; Snijder, Marieke B; Peters, Ron J G; Dekker, Jacqueline M; de Vries, Jeanne H M; de Boer, Evelien J; Schulze, Matthias B; Stronks, Karien; Nicolaou, Mary

2015-08-01

Ethnic minority populations in Western societies suffer from a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insight into the role of dietary patterns in T2D may assist public health nutrition efforts in addressing these health disparities. We explored the association between dietary patterns and biomarkers of T2D in 5 ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, Netherlands. A total of 3776 men and women aged 18-70 y of Dutch, South Asian Surinamese, African-Surinamese, Turkish, and Moroccan origin from the HELIUS (HEalthy LIfe in an Urban Setting) study were included. Diet was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived separately per ethnic group. First, food group-based dietary patterns were derived by using principal components analysis and the association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma fasting glucose was assessed by using multivariable linear regression. Second, biomarker-driven dietary patterns based on HbA1c and fasting glucose concentrations were derived by applying reduced rank regression. Two comparable food group-based dietary patterns were identified in each ethnic group: a "meat and snack" pattern and a "vegetable" pattern. The meat-and-snack pattern derived within the Dutch origin population was significantly associated with HbA1c (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.19) and fasting glucose (β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.26) concentrations. A biomarker-derived pattern characterized by red and processed meat was observed among Dutch-origin participants; however, among ethnic minority groups, this pattern was characterized by other foods including ethnicity-specific foods (e.g., roti, couscous). Although similar food group dietary patterns were derived within 5 ethnic groups, the association of the meat-and-snack pattern with fasting glucose concentrations differed by ethnicity. Taken together with the finding of ethnic differences in biomarker-driven dietary patterns, our results imply that addressing T2D risk in

PAKOM PELATIHAN PENDAURULANGAN SAMPAH MENJADI BARANG KERAJINAN TANGAN PADA IBU-IBU PENGURUS PKK

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Ambarwati Ambarwati

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Sampah merupakan permasalahan yang sering muncul di masyarakat. Sampah yang menumpuk tidak hanya menimbulkan kesan kotor tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan bau yang tidak enak. Produksi sampah diperkirakan mencapai 0,8 sampai 1,0 Kg/orang/hari. Meskipun sampah berpotensi menimbulkan masalah, namun jika dikelola dengan baik, maka akan diperoleh dampak yang positif,  diantaranya diperolehnya lingkungan yang bersih dan bahkan dapat memberikan tambahan uang belanja bagi masyarakat. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengelola sampah adalah dengan pemanfaatan sampah menjadi berbagai barang kerajinan tangan. RT 03 Kemasan dan RT 04 Kauman, merupakan 2 RT yang berada di wilayah RW 09 Ngadirejo, Kartasura,  Sukoharjo. Pada tahun 2015 ini bapak Kepala Desa Ngadirejo mencanangkan kedua RT sebagai RT percontohan kegiatan Bank Sampah. Untuk mendukung program tersebut maka diajukan kegiatan yang meliputi: pemanfaatan sampah menjadi berbagai macam kerajinan tangan. Dari kegiatan ini didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut : (1. Sampah dapat didaur ulang menjadi barang kerajinan tangan yang lebih bermanfaat. (2. Sebanyak tiga barang kerajinan tangan dapat dibuat dari sampah pada pelatihan ini, yaitu : a. Potongan kain sisa yang dibuat bros, b. Dus bekas roti yang dilapisi kulit jagung kering, pelepah batang pisang kering dan kertas kardus bekas untuk dibuat tempat tisue, serta c. Botol plastik bekas untuk dibuat tempat pensil. (3. Semua (100% peserta berpendapat pelatihan ini bermanfaat. (4. Hasil di RT 03/09 Kemasan menunjukkan barang kerajinan yang paling mudah dibuat adalah tempat tisue (78,57%, yang paling menarik juga tempat tisue (50%, yang paling bermanfaat adalah tempat pensil (64,29%, semua  barang berpotensi untuk dijual  (50%, dan barang yang paling berpotensi untuk dijadikan souvenir adalah bros (85,71%. dan mereka bersedia untuk mengikuti pelatihan serupa jika suatu saat ada pelatihan lagi. (5. Hasil di RT 04/09 Kauman menunjukkan barang kerajinan

EFEKTIFITAS WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN PRODUK JIGAR FRUIT SALAD DI PLAZA SEMANGGI

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Suhendra Suhendra

2015-05-01

Full Text Available There are many ways to convey the message to promote, so that the target market right on target. To promote the growing consumer interest in buying that nominal required no small amount of good to advertise in print media, TV, internet, radio. This probably would not have happened if it can maximize the promotion by using the Word Of Mouth. It is applied by Jigar Fruit Salad which is a culinary business. Varian products include Mayo Fruit Salad, Yogurt Fruit Salad, Pickled Fruit Salad, Fruit Salad Rojak Caramel, honey Dazzling Fruit Salad, Fruit Rojak Serut Salad, Fruit Salad and Mango Fruit Toast. Jigar Fruit Salad has a target market aged 19-40 years, male and female students and employees, SES B, a healthy lifestyle. Jigar Fruit Salad is located in Plaza Semanggi Mall foodcourt with minimal skills possessed to start the promotion, Fruit Salad Jigar select Word of Mouth as a way to intensify the promotion, establish a commercially viable product and consumption with positioning as a healthy food and fresh as the most basis for intensifying Word of Mouth to reach consumers to buy the product Jigar fruit salad.   Ada banyak cara untuk menyampaikan pesan untuk berpromosi, agar target market tepat sasaran. Untuk berpromosi sehingga minat beli konsumen tumbuh dibutuhkan nominal yang tidak sedikit untuk mengiklankan baik di media cetak, TV, internet, radio. Hal ini mungkin tidak akan terjadi jika dapat memaksimalkan promosi dengan menggunakan Word Of Mouth. Hal tersebut diaplikasikan oleh Jigar Fruit Salad yang merupakan satu bisnis kuline. Varian produknya antara lain Fruit Salad Mayo, Fruit Salad Yogurt, Fruit Salad Asinan, Fruit Salad Rujak Caramel, Fruit Salad honey Dazzling, Fruit Salad Rujak Serut, Fruit Manggo Salad dan Roti Panggang Buah.Jigar Fruit Salad mempunyai target market umur 19 – 40 tahun, laki- laki dan perempuan mahasiswa dan karyawan, SES B , bergaya hidup sehat. Jigar Fruit Salad terletak di Foodcourt Mall Plaza Semanggi

AATR an ionospheric activity indicator specifically based on GNSS measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Juan, José Miguel; Sanz, Jaume; Rovira-Garcia, Adrià; González-Casado, Guillermo; Ibáñez, D.; Perez, R. Orus

2018-03-01

This work reviews an ionospheric activity indicator useful for identifying disturbed periods affecting the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This index is based in the Along Arc TEC Rate (AATR) and can be easily computed from dual-frequency GNSS measurements. The AATR indicator has been assessed over more than one Solar Cycle (2002-2017) involving about 140 receivers distributed world-wide. Results show that it is well correlated with the ionospheric activity and, unlike other global indicators linked to the geomagnetic activity (i.e. DST or Ap), it is sensitive to the regional behaviour of the ionosphere and identifies specific effects on GNSS users. Moreover, from a devoted analysis of different Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) performances in different ionospheric conditions, it follows that the AATR indicator is a very suitable mean to reveal whether SBAS service availability anomalies are linked to the ionosphere. On this account, the AATR indicator has been selected as the metric to characterise the ionosphere operational conditions in the frame of the European Space Agency activities on the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS). The AATR index has been adopted as a standard tool by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for joint ionospheric studies in SBAS. In this work we explain how the AATR is computed, paying special attention to the cycle-slip detection, which is one of the key issues in the AATR computation, not fully addressed in other indicators such as the Rate Of change of the TEC Index (ROTI). After this explanation we present some of the main conclusions about the ionospheric activity that can extracted from the AATR values during the above mentioned long-term study. These conclusions are: (a) the different spatial correlation related with the MOdified DIP (MODIP) which allows to clearly separate high, mid and low latitude regions, (b) the large spatial correlation in mid

ANALISIS JENIS, JUMLAH, DAN MUTU GIZI KONSUMSI SARAPAN ANAK INDONESIA

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Fachruddin Perdana

2013-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze type, amount, and nutritional quality of breakfast among Indonesian children aged 3—12 years old. Data used for this study was secondary data of Basic Health Survey 2010 (Riskesdas 2010. Data was collected from June until August 2010 by applying a cross sectional design. This study covered 33 provinces of Indonesia, with total 40,437 children consisted of 20,659 boys and 19,778 girls. The results of this study showed that ten major type of foods consumed during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles, tofu, bread, chicken and biscuits; and five major type of beverages consumed during breakfast were drinking water, tea, milk, coffee, and syrup. The food consumed on average of more than 5 g a day during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles; and the beverages consumed on average of more than 15 mL a day were water, tea, and milk. Only 10.6% of children breakfast met energy intake>30% RDA.Keywords: breakfast, breakfast amount, breakfast type, children, nutritional quality of breakfastABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jenis, jumlah, dan mutu gizi konsumsi sarapan anak Indonesia usia 3—12 tahun. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah data sekunder (data konsumsi pangan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010 (Riskesdas 2010 yang dilaksanakan oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2010 dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini mencakup 33 provinsi di Indonesia, dengan 40 437 total subjek; yang terdiri dari 20 659 laki-laki dan 19 778 perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sepuluh jenis makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi selama sarapan adalah nasi, kangkung, telur ayam, ikan, tempe, mi instan, tahu, roti, daging ayam, dan biskuit; lima jenis minuman yang

KERAGAAN COPEPODA CYCLOPOIDA: Apocyclops sp. PADA KONDISI KULTUR

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Philip Teguh Imanto

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Copepoda pada dasarnya adalah udang berukuran mikroskopik yang menjadi rantai pakan alami yang penting di perairan bebas. Investigasi jenis-jenis copepod lokal akan membantu menyiapkan informasi untuk pengembangan budidayanya sebagai jasad pakan alami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkoleksi jenis Cyclopoida lokal perairan pantai Gerokgak, Buleleng, Bali, diisolasi dan dikembangbiakkan dengan pakan kombinasi antara alga Nannochloropsis oculatta, tepung terigu, ragi roti, dan hati ayam dalam tangki beton 5 m3. Tiga ratus individu Cyclopoida yang membawa telur ditempatkan pada tiga wadah kultur bervolume satu liter. Pengamatan pada pertumbuhan individu dilakukan dengan sampling setiap hari dan setiap dua hari untuk melihat perkembangan telurnya. Jenis Cyclopoida lokal termasuk famili Cyclopidae dan genus Apocyclops spp. Kecepatan pertumbuhan mencapai 20 µm setiap harinya, dan dari fase copepodit mencapai ukuran dewasa membawa telur dianalisis selama 12 hari, perkembangan telur memerlukan waktu maksimal 10 hari, sehingga estimasi siklus umur minimal adalah 22 hari. Produktivitas rata-rata telur Apocyclops spp. pada penelitian ini diestimasi sebanyak 36 (minimum16-maksimum 65 butir per individu betina. Penelitian kultur lebih lanjut difokuskan pada optimalisasi suhu, salinitas, oksigen terlarut pada media hingga optimalisasi pada jenis pakan. Copepod, a microscopic shrimp, is an important member in natural food chain in waters. Investigating the types of local copepod will provide valuable information for the development of other natural live feed culture. The research was carried out by collecting local Cyclopoida species from Gerokgak coastal waters, Buleleng Regency-Bali, isolated and cultured with combination feed of algae Nannochloropsis oculatta, wheat flour, yeast bread and chicken liver in 5 m3 concrete tank. Three hundred individuals of Cyclopoida carrying eggs were placed in three beaker glasses of one-liter culture volume. An observation

Measurements within the Pacific-Indian oceans throughflow region

Science.gov (United States)

Fieux, M.; Andrié, C.; Delecluse, P.; Ilahude, A. G.; Kartavtseff, A.; Mantisi, F.; Molcard, R.; Swallow, J. C.

1994-07-01

Two hydrographic (θ, S, O 2) and trichlorofluoromethane (F-11) sections were carried out between the Australian continental shelf and Indonesia, in August 1989, on board the R.V. Marion Dufresne. The sections lie in the easternmost part of the Indian Ocean where the throughflow between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean emerges. They allow us to describe the features of the water-property and circulation fields of the throughflow at its entrance in the Indian Ocean. Between the Australian continental shelf and Bali, the Subtropical and Central waters are separated from the waters of the Indonesian seas by a sharp hydrological front, located around 13°30 S, below the thermocline down to 700 m. Near the coast of Bali, upwelling occurs in the near-surface layer under the effect of the southeast monsoon; at depth, between 300 m to more than 800 m, a water mass of northern Indian Ocean origin was present. From the characteristics of the bottom water found in the Lombok basin, the maximum depth of the Java ridge which separates the Lombok basin from the Northwest Australian basin lies around 3650 m. Off Sumba, Savu, Roti and Timor channels a core of low salinity and high oxygen content near-surface water was found in the axis of each channel, which suggests strong currents from the interior Indonesian seas towards the Indian Ocean. The entrance of the deep water flowing in the opposite direction, from the Indian Ocean to the Timor basin, was marked below 1400 m to the sill depth, through an increase of salinity and oxygen content. The flow reversal, observed briefly by a Pegasus direct current profiler in the Timor strait, was located at 1200 m depth. During the southeast monsoon, the net (geostrophic + Ekman) transport calculated on the section Australia-Bali give an estimate of the throughflow between 0 and 500 m of 22 ± 4 × 10 6 m 3 s -1 towards the Indian Ocean, with a concentration of the transport in the upper layers (19 × 10 6 m 3 s -1 in 0-200 m) and

A New Approach for Identifying Ionospheric Gradients in the Context of the Gagan System

Science.gov (United States)

Kudala, Ravi Chandra

The Indian Space Research Organization and the Airports Authority of India are jointly implementing the Global Positioning System (GPS) aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system in order to meet the following required navigation performance (RNP) parameters: integrity, continuity, accuracy, and availability (for aircraft operations). Such a system provides the user with orbit, clock, and ionospheric corrections in addition to ranging signals via the geostationary earth orbit satellite (GEOSAT). The equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), due to rapid non-uniform electron-ion recombination that persists on the Indian subcontinent, causes ionospheric gradients. Ionospheric gradients represent the most severe threat to high-integrity differential GNSS systems such as GAGAN. In order to ensure integrity under conditions of an ionospheric storm, the following three objectives must be met: careful monitoring, error bounding, and sophisticated storm-front modeling. The first objective is met by continuously tracking data due to storms, and, on quiet days, determining precise estimates of the threat parameters from reference monitoring stations. The second objective is met by quantifying the above estimates of threat parameters due to storms through maximum and minimum typical thresholds. In the context GAGAN, this work proposes a new method for identifying ionospheric gradients, in addition to determining an appropriate upper bound, in order to sufficiently understand error during storm days. Initially, carrier phase data of the GAGAN network from Indian TEC stations for both storm and quiet days was used for estimating ionospheric spatial and temporal gradients (the vertical ionospheric gradient (σVIG) and the rate of the TEC index (ROTI), respectively) in multiple viewing directions. Along similar lines, using the carrier to noise ratio (C/N0) for the same data, the carrier to noise ratio index (σCNRI) was derived. Subsequently, the one-toone relationship between �

Kebiasaan sarapan tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

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Irma Yunawati

2016-08-01

bangsa. Upaya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM harus dilakukan sejak dini. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas SDM yaitu status gizi. Sarapan memiliki kontribusi dalam memenuhi asupan gizi, menyumbangkan 15-25% AKG. Melewatkan sarapan membuat tubuh kekurangan glukosa sehingga tubuh membongkar persediaan tenaga dari jaringan lemak tubuh dan menyebabkan penurunan berat badan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan sarapan terhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Alma Ata Centre for Healthy Life and Food (ACHEAF 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah anak sekolah dasar kelas II-VI di Kecamatan Amanuban Barat dan Kie, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan dengan total sampel sebanyak 313 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling menggunakan software computer generated random number. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dengan confi dence interval (CI 95% pada tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05 dan hasil analisis data yang bemakna dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Proporsi kebiasaan sarapan anak sekolah adalah 82,11%. Jenis sarapan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah sarapan beras (bubur nasi dan nasi sebesar 78,32% dan sebanyak 21,68% mengonsumsi sarapan non-beras (jagung bose, ubi/singkong, pisang rebus, mie instan, bubur jagung, roti/kue. Kontribusi asupan energi sarapan sebesar 13,94% AKG dan asupan protein sarapan sebesar 14,4% AKG. Tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah.Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan sarapan tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak sekolah di Kecamatan Amanuban Barat dan Kie.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan sarapan, anak sekolah, status gizi

Perkiraan Asupan Iodium dan Natrium Menggunakan Urin 24 Jam pada Anak dan Dewasa

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Djoko Kartono

2015-01-01

deficiency area but considerably high intake of sodium based on the analysis of a 24 hour urine collection. Keywords: adult, children, iodine, sodium, 24 hours urine.   ABSTRAK Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas 2007 mendapatkan angka hipertensi yang tinggi (31.7%. Pertanyaannya, masih relevankah program fortifikasi iodium dalam garam karena konsumsi garam berkorelasi dengan hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai kadar iodium urin dan natrium urin serta perkiraan asupan natrium dan iodium. Disain studi potong lintang dengan sampel keluarga: bapak, ibu, anak 6-12 tahun. Lokasi di tiga desa di Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang. Sebanyak 99 keluarga menjadi sampel penelitian. Variabel dikumpulkan mencakup berat dan tinggi badan, kadar iodium   garam, volume urin 24 jam, kadar iodium urin dan natrium urin. Perkiraan asupan iodium dan natrium menggunakan nilai iodium dan natrium urin dan volume urin. Jenis garam yang dikonsumsi (97% bentuk bata, rerata kadar iodium 20.4 ppm dan konsumsi garam 8.0 ± 4.7 gram per orang per hari. Median dan rerata volume urin 1500 mL dan 1523 ± 623 mL. Median dan rerata ekskresi iodium urin (EIU 93 dan 105 ± 61 μg/L. Proporsi EIU subyek < 100 μg/L 55.6% dan EIU ≥ 300 μg/L 1%. Median dan rerata ekskresi natrium urin (ENU 2588 mg/L (ppm dan 2732 ± 986 mg/L. Proporsi ENU ≥ 2300 mg/L 62%. Frekuensi konsumsi sumber iodium dan natrium: 47.5% subyek mengonsumsi mi instan dan snack 1-2 kali seminggu, 98% mengonsumsi vetsin/kecap/saus ≥ 1 kali sehari. Frekuensi makan makanan asin: 53.9% subyek mengonsumsi 1-2 kali seminggu dan 26.9% mengonsumsi roti/biskuit/cake 1-2 kali seminggu. Median dan rerata asupan iodium (bapak, ibu, anak 113 μg/L dan 126 ± 73 μg/L. Median dan rerata asupan natrium (bapak, ibu, anak 3131 mg/L dan 3306 ± 1193 mg/L. Ringkasnya, garam merupakan sumber utama asupan iodium dan natrium walaupun kadar iodium dalam garam cukup rendah dibanding standar nasional industri. Lokasi penelitian merupakan daerah kekurangan

St. Patrick's Day 2015 geomagnetic storm analysis based on Real Time Ionosphere Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

García-Rigo, Alberto

2017-04-01

clear variations for both global and European scales associated to the event, (6) global maps of inter-frequency phase rate variations as proxy phase scintillation index from 1Hz real-time IGS network (NRCan), (7) manually scaled ionospheric peak parameters from European ionosondes (FUC), (8) NOAA US-Total Electron Content Product (NOAA-USTEC) operational product, which shows the passage of the storm-enhanced density, (9) as well as other products -also from MONITOR ESA/ESTEC-funded project-, such as the Rate of TEC index (ROTI), Single Receiver Medium Scale TIDs index (SRMTID), GNSS Solar Flare Detector (GSFLAD), which is a EUV rate proxy, the Sunlit Ionosphere Sudden TEC Enhancement Detector (SISTED) and the Global Electron Content (GEC) generated from UQRG GIMs (UPC-IonSAT).

Digital Base Band Converter As Radar Vlbi Backend / Dbbc Kā Ciparošanas Sistēma Radara Vlbi Novērojumiem

Science.gov (United States)

Tuccari, G.; Bezrukovs, Vl.; Nechaeva, M.

2012-12-01

can then allow exploring easily the desired range of search for unknown or not fully determined orbit objects. These features make Radar VLBI personality most useful in the space debris measurements. DBBC sistēma izstrādāta Noto Radioastronomijas institūtā. Sistēmas galvenaisuzdevums - palielināt visa Eiropas VLBI tīkla jutību - realizēts, palielinotvisas novērojamās joslas platumu un pielietojot ciparu signālu apstrādes metodes.Izejas datu plūsma palielināta no 1 līdz 4 Gbps katram radioteleskopam un visasoperācijas, kas saistītas ar signālu apstrādi (frekvences pārveidošana, pastiprinājums,iekšējie ģeneratori, utt.), realizētas digitālā formā, kas ļauj iegūt nozīmīgusuzlabojumus atkārtojamībā, precizitātē, vienkāršībā, nemaz neminot vispārzināmāspriekšrocības, ko nodrošina digitālo tehnoloģiju izmantošana. Maksimālā ieejassignāla frekvenču josla ir 3.5 GHz, un momentānais joslas platums ir līdz 1 GHz uzkatru no astoņiem iespējamajiem RF/IF kanāliem. Šī datu reģistrācijas sistēma irļoti veiktspējīga platforma ne tikai EVN, bet arī citiem radioastronomijas pielietojumiem,un papildus tiek izstrādāta vesela virkne programmatūras pakotņu, kasvēl vairāk paplašina sistēmas funkcionalitāti. Tas ietver PFB (Polifāzes FiltruBanka) uztvērējus "Spectra”, kas piemēroti augstas izšķirtspējas spektroskopijasvajadzībām. Papildus realizēts jaunas programmatūras risinājums, ar mērķiizmantot DBBC sistēmu kā daudzfunkcionālu datu ciparošanas iekārtu, kasizmantojama bistatiskiem radara novērojumiem, tai skaitā arī radara VLBInovērojumiem. Šāda veida novērojumos tiek pētīta kosmisko atlūzu populācija,nodrošinot iespēju detektēt pat centimetra izmēru objektus. Debess apgabalaapstarošanai tiek izmantots jaudīgs raidītājs, un tiek analizēts atbalss signāls, kasatstarojas no zināmiem vai nezināmiem objektiem un tiek uztverts ar vienu vaivairākiem teleskopiem uz Zemes