Environmental control by biotechnology and ecotechnology, construction of ecopolis. Seibutsu kogaku-seitai kogaku to kankyo joka, Ecopolis no soshutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mori, T [Shimane Univ., Shimane (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture

1992-09-01

The relationship between environmental control and biotechnology is discussed, and purification of moats and lakes is taken up as a concrete example of introducing biological waste water treatment technology to ecotechnology. In addition, an overall waste disposal system connecting cities and agricultural districts is investigated. After the purification of water and waste problem solution, etc. are discussed, the importance of creating ecopolis and ecotown is described. The 3 concepts of microbial ecotechnology (high densification of organism, field control, interaction between organisms) are used to explain biological treatment technology. Attempts for direct purification and ecotechnology are described quoting a few examples. If waste produced in cities and ligneous materials or charcoal obtained from forests are mixed for treatment, effective waste treatment or new resources production may be possible. It seems to be possible to create ideal ecopolis and ecotown by applying the doctrine of irrigation, drainage and reclamation engineering and the technology established by now. 35 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Study on the optimum design of bus window pillar join40t; Bus window pillar ketsugo buzai no saiteki sekkei ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomioka, N [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan); Lim, S; Kim, M; Lee, H; Kang, S; Bae, D

1997-10-01

Automobile body structure is generally assembled using various spot welded box sectional members. Especially, in the case of the bus, the shape of window pillar joint is assembled m T-type. This T-type member has some problem such as high stress concentration, low fatigue strength and structural rigidity. Therefore, in this report, performed a study on the optimum design of the bus window pillar joint for such problem by FEM analysis and experiments. 1 ref., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Study on the effect of micro-gravity on bio-functions; Seitai kino eno bisho juryoku no eikyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The effect of micro-gravity on bio-functions and vital reaction was studied using the facility of Underground Gravity-free Experiment Center Co. On the effect on osteoblast shape and gene expression, although fluorochrome reacting with Ca was well taken into cells, no significant difference in Ca content in cells was observed before/after falling. Expression of genes related to cell propagation was controlled under micro-gravity. Protoplast fusion of Lentinus was unaffected by micro-gravity. The mRNA fragments of gravity sensitive mutant of rice plant were affected by micro-gravity. Paramecium was set swimming in solutions with different specific gravities. The reaction behavior of Paramecium was affected by the difference in specific gravity between cell bodies and solutions. The water content metabolism functions of a mouse with needle stimulus, in particular excretory, were slightly promoted by micro- gravity. The cortisol level in blood of a falling mouse group rose showing strong stress. As the preliminary study on the geotaxis of insects, motion of bagworm was observed. 12 refs., 38 figs., 4 tabs.

Study on the advanced orientation control technology of biopolymers; Seitai kobunshi zairyo no kodo haiko hairetsu seigyo gijutsu no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Creation of new functional organic materials for the medical application has been investigated under the microgravity. Facilities of the Japan Microgravity Center were used for this study. For the high-speed synthesis of uniform polymer particles under the microgravity condition for ten seconds, appropriately good results were obtained in the oxidation polymerization of pyrroles. For the synthesis of organic conductive thin films by the electrolytic polymerization, the resistance of electrolyte became larger in the microgravity field. It was required to set conditions so as to enhance the effects of microgravity environment. For the orientation control and thin film formation of proteins, the bacteriorhodopsin was examined. It was found that the microgravity improved the quality of electrocoatings. When the surface tension and viscosity of coating liquid were appropriately controlled under the microgravity, thin films were able to be prepared by utilizing a change from 1g to {mu}g. When the high viscosity fluid is placed in the artificial two-dimensional space composing of two parallel plates, and the low viscosity fluid, such as air, is injected into the above, the interface grows in the finger shaped pattern, namely, viscous fingering. The influence of gravity on this phenomenon was also investigated. 11 refs., 45 figs., 5 tabs.

Continuous measurement of electrical characteristics in plants. 3. Shokubutsu seitai no denki tokusei sokuteiho. 3. ; Suikoeki pH chosei heno tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekiyama, T; Haniyu, H; Saiki, H

1989-09-01

Controlling pH of nutrient solution and keeping the other conditions unchanged, measurements of variation in electric potential difference between leaf and hypocotyl of a bush bean plant was performed for about seven days. Silver electrodes 0.3mm in diameter were glued on the surface of the plant using conductive paste prepared by dissolving gelatine in Ringel {prime} s solution. The results obtained are summarized as follws: first, when pH of the solution is suddenly increased or decreased, the potential of leave becomes high or low with respect to that of hypocotyl respectively; second, the variation in potential difference between them is affected by the rate at which pH of the solution is adjusted, although the total variation of pH is controlled to be the same, and in particular by mild adjustment (0.02 - 0.05pH/min) it is reduced to 1/2 - 1/4 of that produced by sudden change; third, abrupt change in pH of the solution cause to the plant the temporary suppression of its water absorption having a duration of 7 - 15 minutes. A short account is given of a non-contact type measurement of bioelectric potential performanced by making use of a Faraday {prime} s cage. 11 refs., 12 figs.

Estimation of hydrogen bondings in coal utilizing FTir and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); FTir to DSC wo mochiita sekitannai suiso ketsugo no teiryoteki hyoka no kokoromi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mae, K.; Miura, K. [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-28

With an objective to know coal condensation structure which has influence on coal conversion reaction, an attempt was made on quantitative evaluation of hydrogen bonding in coal. Using as test samples the VDC made from Taiheiyo coal swollen by tetralin and vacuum-dried, and its pyrolyzed char, DSC measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT) were performed. An FT spectrum comparison revealed that the VDC swollen at 220{degree}C has the hydrogen bonding relaxed partly from the original coal. However, since the change is in a huge coal molecular structure restraining space, it has stopped at relaxation of the bonding energy without causing separation as far as free radicals. On the other hand, the DSC curve shows that the VDC has slower endothermic velocity than the original coal. In other words, the difference in heat absorption amounts in both materials is equivalent to the difference of enthalpy ({Delta} H) of both materials, which corresponds to the relaxation of the hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the {Delta} H was related to wavenumber shift of the FT spectra (which corresponds to change in the hydrogen bonding condition). By using this relationship, a method for evaluating hydrogen bonding distribution was proposed from an O-H contracting vibration change that can be measured by using the FT spectra and a thermal change that can be measured by using the DSC. 3 refs., 7 figs.

FY1995 bio-information monitoring microsystems for human health care; 1995 nendo kenko kanri wo mokutei to shita seitai joho keisokuyo micro system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-31

Long term and continuous monitoring of health parameters have been expected for patient monitoring, human health care and sick prevention. Bio-information monitoring microsystems which can send personal health information to the doctor in the hospital at any time through mutual data communication networks. A prototype of the very low-power consumption wireless systems for monitoring ECG (Electrocardiogram) was fabricated and tested. It consists of an ECG detector/transmitter located at the chest and a relay transmitter placed at the wrist. Data communication between them is obtained with very low-power signal transmission by AC micro current flown through the tissue of the body. A prototype of a multi sensor chip for biosensing micro capsule was also fabricated and tested. It consists of a piezo resistive diaphragm pressure sensor, a pH ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor) and a p-n diode temperature sensor. To realize reliable medical telemetry in severe electromagnetic environment, spread spectrum communication to ECG data method was applied. This method is very useful for the data communication of bio-information monitoring microsystems. (NEDO)

PWM control of current source type six-phase inverter with improved waveforms by coupling reactor; Ketsugo reactor ni yori hakei kaizen sareta denryugata rokuso inverter no PWM seigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inami, K.; Danjo, M.; Kondo, Y.; Yamada, M. [Niihama Technical College, Ehime (Japan); Toki, K. [Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Kagawa (Japan); Heike, J. [Shikoku Instrumentation Co. Ltd., Kagawa (Japan)

1998-10-01

A PWM method has been applied to a high capacity six phase current source inverter system in order to obtain sinusoidal output voltage and current. In this system, the three-phase coupling reactor is connected between the inverter output and an induction motor used as a load. Then the reactor eliminates harmonic components included in the inverter output current except 12k {+-} 1 (k=1,2,3)th order. As a result, the distortion factor of the inverter output current decreases. But the resonant circuit is composed of the capacitance of filter capacitor and the induction motor leakage inductance. Then the resonance current is superimposed on the induction motor phase currents. To solve this problem, the optimal PWM pattern is derived, so that the resonant current becomes very small. The order of the resonant frequency component of the induction motor phase current depend on the inverter frequency. Then total inverter frequency range is divided into several areas. The optimal PWM pattern is derived in each areas. As a result, the use of each optimal PWM pattern allows us to drive the induction motor, over a wide range of speed, under the condition of small distortion factor of phase currents. 5 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

FY1995 new technology of artificial organ materials which can induce host biocompatibility; 1995 nendo jinko zokiyo seitai kino fukatsukagata sozai no kaihatsu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-12-01

The aim of this project is to produce a highly biocompatible materials for next generation's artificial organs using the following methods: 1, Micromodification of polymer materials. 2, Biocompatible treatment for biological materials. 3, Application of bioabsorbable materials. 4, Bioactive substance immobilization. and 5, Use of autologous tissue as artificial organ materials. As a synthetic polymer material, microporous polyurethane was used for a small diameter vascular prosthesis. The graft with this technology was successfully implanted in rat abdomical aortic position. The graft of 1.5 mm in internal diameter and 10cm in length showed excellent patency with nice endothelialisation. As a biological material, microfibers of collagen was used for a sealing substance of vascular prothesis. The microfibers absorbed a large amount of water, which could prevent blood leakage from the graft wall. The graft showed non-thrombogenic property and excellent host cell affinity, resulted in rapid neointima formation. As to autologous tissue, bone marrow was used, since marrow cells can differentiate into any mesenchimal cells with synthesis of growth factors. Marrow cell transplanted vascular prothesis showed rapid capillary ingrowth. These results indicated that the newly designed materials had suitable properties for materials of next generation's artificial organs. (NEDO)

FY1995 new technology of artificial organ materials which can induce host biocompatibility; 1995 nendo jinko zokiyo seitai kino fukatsukagata sozai no kaihatsu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-12-01

The aim of this project is to produce a highly biocompatible materials for next generation's artificial organs using the following methods: 1, Micromodification of polymer materials. 2, Biocompatible treatment for biological materials. 3, Application of bioabsorbable materials. 4, Bioactive substance immobilization. and 5, Use of autologous tissue as artificial organ materials. As a synthetic polymer material, microporous polyurethane was used for a small diameter vascular prosthesis. The graft with this technology was successfully implanted in rat abdomical aortic position. The graft of 1.5 mm in internal diameter and 10cm in length showed excellent patency with nice endothelialisation. As a biological material, microfibers of collagen was used for a sealing substance of vascular prothesis. The microfibers absorbed a large amount of water, which could prevent blood leakage from the graft wall. The graft showed non-thrombogenic property and excellent host cell affinity, resulted in rapid neointima formation. As to autologous tissue, bone marrow was used, since marrow cells can differentiate into any mesenchimal cells with synthesis of growth factors. Marrow cell transplanted vascular prothesis showed rapid capillary ingrowth. These results indicated that the newly designed materials had suitable properties for materials of next generation's artificial organs. (NEDO)

FY1995 new technology of artificial organ materials which can induce host biocompatibility; 1995 nendo jinko zokiyo seitai kino fukatsukagata sozai no kaihatsu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-05-01

The aim of this project is to produce a highly biocompatible materials for next generation's artificial organs using the following methods: 1, Micromodification of polymer materials. 2, Biocompatible treatment for biological materials. 3, Application of bioabsorbable materials. 4, Bioactive substance immobilization. and 5, Use of autologous tissue as artificial organ materials. As a synthetic polymer material, microporous polyurethane was used for a small diameter vascular prosthesis. The graft with this technology was successfully implanted in rat abdomical aortic position. The graft of 1.5 mm in internal diameter and 10 cm in length showed excellent patency with nice endothelialisation. As a biological material, microfibers of collagen was used for a sealing substance of vascular prothesis. The microfibers absorbed a large amount of water, which could prevent blood leakage from the graft wall. The graft showed non-thrombogenic property and excellent host cell affinity, resulted in rapid neointima formation. As to autologous tissue, bone marrow was used, since marrow cells can differentiate into any mesenchimal cells with synthesis of growth factors. Marrow cell transplanted vascular prothesis showed rapid capillary ingrowth. These results indicated that the newly designed materials had suitable properties for materials of next generation's artificial organs. (NEDO)

FY1995 new technology of artificial organ materials which can induce host biocompatibility; 1995 nendo jinko zokiyo seitai kino fukatsukagata sozai no kaihatsu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-05-01

The aim of this project is to produce a highly biocompatible materials for next generation's artificial organs using the following methods: 1, Micromodification of polymer materials. 2, Biocompatible treatment for biological materials. 3, Application of bioabsorbable materials. 4, Bioactive substance immobilization. and 5, Use of autologous tissue as artificial organ materials. As a synthetic polymer material, microporous polyurethane was used for a small diameter vascular prosthesis. The graft with this technology was successfully implanted in rat abdomical aortic position. The graft of 1.5 mm in internal diameter and 10 cm in length showed excellent patency with nice endothelialisation. As a biological material, microfibers of collagen was used for a sealing substance of vascular prothesis. The microfibers absorbed a large amount of water, which could prevent blood leakage from the graft wall. The graft showed non-thrombogenic property and excellent host cell affinity, resulted in rapid neointima formation. As to autologous tissue, bone marrow was used, since marrow cells can differentiate into any mesenchimal cells with synthesis of growth factors. Marrow cell transplanted vascular prothesis showed rapid capillary ingrowth. These results indicated that the newly designed materials had suitable properties for materials of next generation's artificial organs. (NEDO)

Determination of sup 238 U in marine organisms by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Yudo ketsugo plasma shitsuryo bunsekiho ni yoru kaiyo seibutsuchu no sup 238 U no teiryo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishii, T.; Nakahara, M; Matsuda, M.; Ishikawa, M. (National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki (Japan))

1991-05-25

Since the {sup 238} U concentration in seawater is about 3ng/ml at the element level and the activity concentration is 40 {mu} Bq/ml which are considerably higher that those of other {alpha} radioactive materials, it is necessary to study the concentration levels of many marine organisms. After confirming that the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a new high sensitive analysis for multi-elements is effective to analyze heavy elements such as rare earth elements or uranium, etc., this method was applied to determine {sup 238} U in 55 species of marine organism. The {sup 238} U concentration in soft tissues of marine animal ranged from 0.076 to 5000ng/g wet weight and large difference of concentration was observed depending on the kind of animal and the tissue. Especially, the branchial heart of cephalopod molluscs showed the specific accumulation of {sup 238} U. The concentration factor of branchial heart of Octopus vulgaris which showed the highest value was calculated to be about 10 {sup 3} by comparing it with the concentration of {sup 238} U in Japanese coastal waterseas. The concentration of {sup 238} U in 20 species of algae ranged from 10 to 3700ng/g dry weight. 11 refs., 2 figs., 9 tabs.

Study of the influence of microgravity on the biological cells and molecular level; Seitai saibo bunshi level ni okeru bisho juryoku no eikyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The shape of osteoblast, gene appearance, gene of rice blast, cellular fusion of plants, gravity acceptance mechanism of unicellular organisms, and physiological and immunity functions of mice were investigated under the microgravity condition. The influence of gravity on the vital reaction and the influence of microgravity on the crystallization of vital substances were also investigated. For the observation of osteoblast, the fluorescence dye reacted with Ca was well taken in the cells. The microgravity affected the stability of rice blast, but hardly affected the protoplast culture of mushroom. The reaction of ciliate against the gravity related to the specific gravity difference between cells and outer liquid. The level of adrenaline in blood of mice increased during the drop. The moving speed of trigger waves of chemical parallel slit formed at the BZ reaction under the microgravity became 60% to 80% of that on the ground. In the case of crystallization at the deposition agent concentration of 1% to 4%, the turbidity showing the degree of crystallization changed complicatedly. Nine processes of crystal growth were recognized. 21 refs., 55 figs., 1 tab.

FY1995 report on the analyses of functional living systems using magnetic stimulation and magnetic fields; 1995 nendo jiki shigeki oyobi kyojiba ni yoru seitai kino kaimei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-05-01

The purpose of the project is to widen the understanding of the biological effects o magnetic fields and to search potential applications of biomagnetics to medical diagnosis and treatments. We developed a method of localized magnetic stimulation of the brain. By concentrating induced eddy currents on a target with a pair of opposing pulsed magnetic fields produced by a figure-eight coil, they were able to stimulate the human cortex within a 5 mm resolution. We studied the properties of diamagnetic water in static magnetic fields. The phenomenon that the surface of the water was pushed back by magnetic fields of higher gradients was observed. The behavior of oxygen dissolved in an aqueous solution under magnetic fields of up to 8T with a gradient of 50T/m was studied. For oxygen concentrations greater than 11 mg/l, a clear redistribution of dissolved oxygen was observed. Effects of strong magnetic fields on a process of dissolution of fibrin clots was studied. Fibrin polymers in water magneto-phoresically drifted in the direction of increasing magnetic fields, and dissolution of fibrin polymers by plasmin was accelerated. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the research and development project for utilization of information of high-molecular-weight structures in a living body. Survey on the technological trends of utilizing the reactions with metals in a living body; 2000 nendo seitai kobunshi kozo joho riyo gijutsu kaihatsu chosa hokokusho. 'Seitai kinzoku hanno riyo gijutsu' ni kansuru gijutsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the FY 2000 results of the survey on the technological trends of utilizing the reactions with metals in a living body, noting the bio-processes effectively coping with the environmental problems. The effects of heavy metals on microorganisms have been investigated on the molecular biology level, but are not fully elucidated. Recently, the microorganisms capable of converting inorganic metal ions in water into the insoluble compounds have been known, leading to possibility of bioremediation to solve pollution by heavy metals, which have detrimental effects on human health. Heavy metals must be recovered, because they are not extinct by decomposition. The plant aided purification has been attracting attention to cope with heavy metals accumulated in soil. Application of bacteria-aided leaching, which is adopted as one ore smelting process, to the technologies for utilizing metals in a living body has been expected, because diversified activities of inanimate matters in extreme environments have been known. Recently, bio-machining of metals aided by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, one species of independent nutrient bacteria capable of eating metals, has been developed to a potentially viable stage. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the research and development project for utilization of information of high-molecular-weight structures in a living body. Survey on the technological trends of utilizing the reactions with metals in a living body; 2000 nendo seitai kobunshi kozo joho riyo gijutsu kaihatsu chosa hokokusho. 'Seitai kinzoku hanno riyo gijutsu' ni kansuru gijutsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the FY 2000 results of the survey on the technological trends of utilizing the reactions with metals in a living body, noting the bio-processes effectively coping with the environmental problems. The effects of heavy metals on microorganisms have been investigated on the molecular biology level, but are not fully elucidated. Recently, the microorganisms capable of converting inorganic metal ions in water into the insoluble compounds have been known, leading to possibility of bioremediation to solve pollution by heavy metals, which have detrimental effects on human health. Heavy metals must be recovered, because they are not extinct by decomposition. The plant aided purification has been attracting attention to cope with heavy metals accumulated in soil. Application of bacteria-aided leaching, which is adopted as one ore smelting process, to the technologies for utilizing metals in a living body has been expected, because diversified activities of inanimate matters in extreme environments have been known. Recently, bio-machining of metals aided by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, one species of independent nutrient bacteria capable of eating metals, has been developed to a potentially viable stage. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of a technology to measure biological molecular interactions; 1998 nendo seitai bunshi sogo sayo no keisoku gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

It has been indicated possible in principle in recent years to measure biological molecular interactions with the molecules in the living state by combining the technologies called the co-focussing optical system and the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The FCS method is a method capable of analyzing concentrations, sizes, and inter-molecule interactions through detection of fluorescence fluctuation in single molecules in submicron zones. In spite of the FCS method being a very effective method to measure interactions in biological molecules, the technology has not reached a level that allows easy utilization under the present condition. The present research and development is intended to solve the technological problems in the FCS method in the co-focussing optical system, and perform as many research and development works as possible in a short time to establish a technological foundation that can be provided to bio-industrial and medical sites. Particularly, in order to make the utilization thereof possible in measuring biological molecular interactions in cells, a measuring technology using the bi-photon excited fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was established with an objective to reduce damages to cells and their internal micro organs, and minimize effects of interference signals from the own fluorescence. (NEDO)

Joint stiffness identification of body structure using neural network. Jointed part composed of 2 beams; Neural network ni yoru shatai kozo no ketsugo gosei dotei. Buzai 2 hon kara naru ketsugobu no baai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okabe, A; Tomioka, N [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

The method to obtain a joint stiffness value from displacements of jointed part using hierarchical neural networks in case of a jointed part composed of two beams were proposed. First, the sample data of displacements of jointed part vs. joint stiffness are prepared as learned data. Second, the relations between displacements of jointed part and joint stiffness are constructed from these learned data using a hierarchical neural networks. It was found that the value of joint stiffness can be obtained from displacement of jointed part by the trained neural network. 4 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 survey report. Basic survey on trends of waste use type production facilities and waste fuel production facilities; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Haikibutsu riyogata seizo shisetsu oyobi haikibutsu nenryo seizo shisetsu doko kiso chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This survey was made to obtain the basic data for future spread and promotion of No.6 type (waste use type production facilities) and No.7 type (waste fuel production facilities) which were added to the objects having been subsidized since fiscal 1997 under `the environmental harmony type energy community project.` In the former, the kiln in the cement industry and the blast furnace in the steel industry can be extremely large places to receive waste plastic since the facilities are distributed in every area and the treatment capacity is large. However, the effective collection, transportation and sorting of large quantity of waste plastic, especially the problem of removal of vinyl chloride, is a big bottleneck. As to the use of waste plastic using gasification technology, there are no actual results on the commercial basis. That is, however, appropriate for treatment of the waste difficult in treatment, and can be expected of the usage in the chemical industry. In the latter, in the facilities using industrial waste raw materials as fuel, solidification and liquefaction are both operated on a commercial basis. In relation to the solidification and use as fuel of general waste, the treatment of combustion ash is preventing the expansion of use of waste in the industrial field because of a large quantity of chlorine included in the products. 92 refs., 54 figs., 35 tabs.

FY1995 study of the new generation system for the vector type biomagnetmeter and optimization of the system; 1995 nendo jisedai seitai jiki tajigen keisoku system oyobi saitekika no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The most advanced devices for magneto-encephalography(MEG),so far developed are equipped with more than 100 channels which measure the z-component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the scalp or of the chest, However, there do not exist any multi-channel MEG measuring device capable of measuring the three components of the MEG vectors. The purpose of this study is to develop a SQUID magnetometer with more than 180 channels with the configuration for the three-component vector measurement and to apply the device to the investigation of the higher functions of the brain of which the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Furthermore, it will open up new clinical methods for various discases. 1) We arranged three coils in a column to measure the x,y and z-components of the magnetic field and arranged 60 of those columns so that they cover the whole scalp and measure the 3-component MEG at 60 points simultaneously. 2) We developed a dewar in which more than 200 SQUID elements can be immersed in liquid helium and at the same time the arrangement of the coils allows as close fit as possible to the scalp to be measured. 3) A gantry was developed for the above dewar so that the dewar might be fixed at an arbitary position and its vibrations were minimized. 4) DOIT-type circuit was adopted for the FLL circuit, which realized a simple system. 5) We established a signal processing system which samples the signal from all the SQUID sensors simultaneously at a high sampling rate and analyzes the data efficiently. 6) We measured 3-component MEG signals and found that it can bring out new information useful for investigating the higher functions of the brain. (NEDO)

Effect of heat generation from bone cement on bone tissue in total knee arthroplasty; Jinko kansetsu okikaeji no one cement no hatsunetsu ga seitai soshiki ni oyobosu eikyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuda, M.; Uchida, T. [Kobe University, Kobe (Japan); Iwatsubo, T. [Kobe University, Kobe (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Kurosawa, M.; Hashimoto, Y. [Kobe University, Kobe (Japan). Faculty of Medicine; Fukushima, H.

1998-01-25

Bone cement is often applied to fix the components in a surgical operation, such as TKA (total knee arthroplasty). In this paper, we consider the effect of heat generation from bone cement on bone tissue in TKA by using numerical simulation. First, we applied an axisymmetric model of tibia to finite element method and analyzed heat generation of bone cement. To confirm the results of analysis by experiment, we measured the temperature determined by 6 points i.e., 2 points each in component-cement interface, cement and bone-cement interface. As a result, the temperature determined by analysis agrees with that determined by experiment. Next, we proposed the evaluation formula of the bone necrosis. We constructed a bone necrosis map from the simulation. From the map, we found that the bone necrosis region was about 2 mm from the bone-cement interface. In addition, the bone necrosis is severe at the base of the tibial component. 7 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the development of polymeric material from renewable resource using biocatalyst; 2000 nendo seitai shokubai wo riyoshita saisei kano shigen kara no kobunshi sozai no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The project aims to develop a biocatalyst-assisted synthesizing method for efficiently manufacturing sugar containing polymers and polylactic acids which generate less environmental impact. The ALP-901 derived from actinomycetes operates best with 5% water content, and remains free of hydrolytic effect even when the rate rises to 20%, and catalyzes transesterification only. The esterification activity of bioprase rose remarkably upon addition of water. A polymer with a molecular weight of scores of thousands was obtained in the polymerization of sugar ester monomers. A sugar undecylenate with a double bond at an end was successfully polymerized. The sugar containing polymer exhibited excellent biodegradability. In a reaction of butanediol and lactide, several types of lactic oligomers different in molecular weight were synthesized. The oligomers were caused to react with divinylcarboxylic acid in the presence of an enzyme, and a polymerizable lactic oligomer was obtained. Furthermore, in a reaction between glucose and lactide, several lactic oligomer derivatives were synthesized, different in molecular weight. In a reaction of the derivatives and divinylcarboxylic acid with an enzyme added thereto, a polymerizable lactic oligomer derivative was obtained, which was brought into polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator for the production of a high molecular weight gel. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 report on results. Development item, 'development of evaluation technique for biocompatibility and the like of porous materials'; 1999 nendo takozairyo no seitai tekigosei nado hyoka gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

With the purpose of establishing fundamental technologies for ceramic porous materials that are excellent for artificial bone for a living body, evaluation technologies were developed for mechanical properties and biocompatibility, with fiscal 1999 results compiled. Performed for the examination of the mechanical properties were flexural test, compression test, tensile test, shearing test, torsion test, fatigue test, etc., with an evaluation testing method studied assuming that ceramic porous materials were applicable to implanting members. In the evaluation of biocompatibility, five kinds of osteoblast-like cell lines were cultured on a plastic disk and a dense hydroxyapatite disk, with adhesion and proliferation of the cells compared. Since these osteoblast-like cell lines adhere and proliferate on the surface and in the pore of hydroxyapatite, evaluation of the biocompatibility such as cell affinity was found possible with this in vitro method. With the view of obtaining principles for designing new bioactive ceramics, a method was developed for evaluating apatite-forming abilities of metal oxide gels having different compositions and structures in simulated body fluid. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 report on results. Development item, 'development of evaluation technique for biocompatibility and the like of porous materials'; 1999 nendo takozairyo no seitai tekigosei nado hyoka gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

With the purpose of establishing fundamental technologies for ceramic porous materials that are excellent for artificial bone for a living body, evaluation technologies were developed for mechanical properties and biocompatibility, with fiscal 1999 results compiled. Performed for the examination of the mechanical properties were flexural test, compression test, tensile test, shearing test, torsion test, fatigue test, etc., with an evaluation testing method studied assuming that ceramic porous materials were applicable to implanting members. In the evaluation of biocompatibility, five kinds of osteoblast-like cell lines were cultured on a plastic disk and a dense hydroxyapatite disk, with adhesion and proliferation of the cells compared. Since these osteoblast-like cell lines adhere and proliferate on the surface and in the pore of hydroxyapatite, evaluation of the biocompatibility such as cell affinity was found possible with this in vitro method. With the view of obtaining principles for designing new bioactive ceramics, a method was developed for evaluating apatite-forming abilities of metal oxide gels having different compositions and structures in simulated body fluid. (NEDO)

FY 1998 achievement report on the R and D project on industrial science technology. Development of a functional biomolecule analysis/synthesis system; 1998 nendo kinosei seitai bunshi kaiseki gosei system no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of developing the technology required for the biotechnology industry, a study was made on proteins having ligand recognition function, and the FY 1998 results were reported. In the technology development of a system for various/diversified syntheses of functional molecules, a system was designed/trially manufactured which enables the simultaneous synthesis of various biological/functional substances (compound library) at high-efficiency. In the development of the structure analysis system of ligand recognized proteins, a high-efficient biopolymer analysis system was developed which is based on TOF (time-of-flight) mass spectrometer and analyzes proteins produced by recombined genes quickly and precisely. In the R and D of functional molecules using ligand recognized proteins, the cloning was successfully made of the human estrogen receptor gene hER {alpha}, which is composed of 1,785 bp, from MCF-7-BOS. Further, the bioassay system for estrogen-like substances using MCF-7 cells was established. (NEDO)

Report on the FY 1999 international research cooperation project. Development of polymer materials from renewable resources using biocatalyst; 1999 nendo seitai shokubai wo riyoshita saisei kano shigen kara no kobunshi sozai no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

The R and D were conducted of saccharide polymer using biocatalyst and polylactic acid using biocatalyst. In the R and D of technology to synthesize polymerizing saccharide ester, the use of ALP901 led to success in acquiring hydrophobic polymerizing saccharide ester and saccharide ester with phenol residue. A study was also made of technology to synthesize polymerizing divinyl ester. In the study of the optimization of enzyme reaction conditions, the optimum temperature of ester exchange was 50 degrees C, and also under much higher temperature, 100 degrees C, the enzyme reaction was found to proceed with. In the study of the synthesis of polylactic acid, it was impossible to obtain polymer in the case of using ester lactate. However, in the case of using lactic acid, polymer was acquired at the numerical average molecular weight of approximately 1,200. In the study of the optimization of enzyme reaction conditions, polymer with high molecular weight was acquired at the enzyme amount of 5-10%. It was found out that the conversion rate exceeds 98% in the case of doing the reaction for more than 3 days at the enzyme amount of 5-10%. (NEDO)

Report on survey in fiscal 2000 on the survey and research on technology to integrate artificial bone system with living organism, taking individual difference into account; 2000 nendo kotaisa wo koryoshita jinkokotsu system no seitai tekigoka gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Survey and research have been performed on artificial bones as to the bone growth and bone absorption mechanism, nature demanded in artificial bones, and ideal concept of artificial bones. As a result of the survey, the following matters were made clear: Ti alloy draws high attention as the artificial bone material; and up-to-date research is being made to promote fusion of the Ti alloy bone with natural bones by putting apatite covering on the Ti alloy bone by means of chemical treatment, wherein porous layers are produced on the surface that do not form inclination from a dense bone to a sponging bone, or from high density to low density, but produce the reverse inclination, as in the cross section structure of natural bones. Reports have been given from the dentistry, oral surgery, plastic surgery, and orthopedic surgery on the followings: a fact that magnesium affects greatly the stimulation of osteoblasts; a case where absorption of the mandibular bone has been created clinically due to Ti-made mini-plate; and a case where even Ti has been eluted into soft tissues. Artificial bones made of magnesium structure is being studied as one of the solutions thereof. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the international standardization R and D. System to make comprehensive evaluation of potential health effects of next generation image media; 1997 nendo seika hokokusho kokusai hyojun soseigata kenkyu kaihatsu. Jisedai media seitai eikyo sogo hyoka system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1998-03-01

The paper proposed the international standardization for the use of next generation image media by evaluating health effects of the use of next generation image media such as head mounted display and 3D monitor. A method to comprehensively evaluate health effects was studied with the design friendly to humans and standardization on safety as final targets. Themes were divided into the autonomous nervous system and the measuring system. The development was carried out of a method to evaluate the autonomous nervous function by the dynamic state of blood circulation and pupillary reflex as well as the development of portable sphygmomanometer and pupillometer. Using these developmental instruments and conventional instruments, measurement was made of blood pressure, cardiac output, respiration, pupil size, eyeball movement and focus accommodation. A possibility was suggested of obtaining the uniform elucidation also in case analytical changes of individual parameters cannot be extracted or consistency cannot be seen in the course of changes. The paper determined basic standards for the experimental use stereoscopic image, made measuring use 3D images, and collected realtime data by the overall simultaneous measuring system constructed. 109 refs., 166 figs., 18 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on regional consortium research and development project. Regional consortium activity in its 2nd year (Research and development of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials); 1999 nendo hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

Studies are conducted about highly biocompatible {beta}-type titanium alloys and calcium phosphate-based ceramics, high in strength and low in elasticity and constituted of non-toxic alloy elements, and about the technology of providing coatings for these materials. In the designing of such a highly biocompatible titanium alloy and the evaluating of its mechanical properties, studies are conducted about alloy formation into a practical size, fatigue characteristics and micro-structure, methods for improving its wear resistance, etc. In the development of a melting/casting technique for this purpose, studies are conducted about the melting/casting of the alloy into a practical size and about a high-recision casting technology. In the research on biological evaluation of biocompatibility and on the technology of precision casting for dentistry, studies are conducted about the reaction of the alloy with biological tissues and methods for precision casting for dentistry. Studies are also conducted about the development of technologies for precision work and precision finish for alloys. Further studies involve the development of calcium phosphate-based ceramics for the enhancement of {beta}-type titanium alloy's biocompatibility and the establishment of a technology of providing coatings for the alloy. (NEDO)

FY1999 report of the research results of medical/engineering cooperative research project, fundamental research on diagnosis/treatment systems by imaging higher order information of living systems; 1999 nendo igaku kogaku renkeigata jigyo koji seitai joho no gazoka ni yoru shindan chiryo system ni kansuru kiban kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

The research and development efforts are made for the fundamental technology necessary for visualizing higher order information of the organs and tissues at high precision and non-invasively, and for supporting treatment of the malignant tumor and cerebrovascular diseases, while keeping the functions of the affected organs intact, and the FY 1999 results are reported. The program for the visualizing techniques includes designs of the pulse sequence for a 1H/13C-MRSI analyzer which observes proton and carbon by magnetic resonance spectrometric imaging (MRSI), and starts its programming. The program for the real-time analysis of tissue dynamics starts the designs of the coil for pelvis receiving the signals for monitoring dynamics of the abdominal organs at superhigh field. The program for systems for supporting treatment while keeping the functions of the affected organs intact starts development of the MR-matching heating system, for which the applications are designed, and measures against eddy current and resistance of the system as a whole to noise are studied. Development of the high-precision supersonic wave and far-infrared ray irradiation systems is started, in order to establish the treatment aided by radiant ray while keeping functions of the affected organs intact. (NEDO)

FY2000 report of the research results of medical/engineering cooperative research project, fundamental research on diagnosis/treatment systems by imaging higher order information of living systems; 2000 nendo igaku kogaku renkeigata kenkyu jigyo koji seitai joho no gazoka ni yoru shindan chiryo system ni kansuru kiban kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

The research and development efforts are made for the fundamental technology necessary for visualizing higher order information of the physiological functions of the organs and tissues at high precision and non-invasively, and for supporting treatment of the malignant tumor and cerebrovascular diseases, while keeping the functions of the affected organs intact, and the FY 2000 results are reported. The program for the visualizing techniques includes development of the pulse sequence for commercializing the proton and carbon magnetic resonance spectrometric imaging (MRSI), and development of the prototype 1H/13C-detecting circuit. The program for the real-time analysis of tissue dynamics includes production of cine-images of, e.g., the peristalsis of the uterus, to accumulate the basic data for monitoring dynamics of the abdominal organs. The program for systems for supporting treatment while keeping the functions of the affected organs intact includes the MR-aided temperature-sensing systems, and improvement of the techniques for correcting motion of the measured organs by extracting characteristic points in the images taken and of MR-aided temperature sensing accuracy. The program for radiotherapy and ultrasonic therapy of malignant tumors in the body stems includes development of high-accuracy irradiation system aided by real-time three-dimensional body motion monitoring system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 regional consortium R and D project (Regional consortium field). Report on R and D of production technology of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials (1st fiscal year); 1998 nendo chiiki konsoshiamu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Chiiki konsoshiamu bun'ya (hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

This project aims at development of high-strength high- biocompatible {beta}-type Ti alloy with lower modulli of elasticity composed of non-toxic elements, phosphate calcium ceramics for improving the biocompatibility and coating technology, and establishment of production technology of hybrid-type biocompatible hard tissue replacing materials. In fiscal 1998, the project promoted the following: Design of high-biocompatible {beta}-type Ti alloy materials, development of thermomechanical treatment for improving dynamic characteristics of such alloy, survey on practical melting and casting technologies and dental precision casting process, evaluation of the biocompatibility of the alloy by cytotoxicity, selection of tools for precision machining and surface finishing, control of contents, orientation and precipitation of biocompatible crystals such as {beta}- Ca(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} fibers for further improvement of the biocompatibility. This paper also outlines the survey results on the market needs, market size and market share for the feasibility of these materials. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 project of inviting proposals for international joint research - invitation for international proposal (Novel No.2). Achievement report on development of high-strength ultralight biocompatible implant material using porous titanium; 2000 nendo kokusai kyodo kenkyu teian kobo jigyo - kokusai teian kobo (shinki No.2). Takoshitsu chitan ni yoru seitai shinwasei kokyodo chokeiryo implant zai no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-03-01

An implant material manufacturing technology is developed for which a titanium based metal material is made porous and osteoblasts are allowed into holes in the material surface for the establishment of fixation and mechanical similarity between the material and bones. Activities are conducted in the six fields of (1) the establishment of material adjusting technology, (2) establishment of high-porosity sintering technology, (3) research and development of hydrogen-aided technology of pore formation, (4) improvement on mechanical characteristics/dimensions evaluation technology, (5) establishment and implementation of biocompatibility evaluation technology, and (6) the development of technology for commercializing high-porosity implant materials. In field (3), pure titanium and titanium hydride are pulverized and classified, and very fine powders only are mixed and sealed into a capsule made of pure iron, which is subjected to extrusion into bulk and then heated to a high temperature for the generation of hydrogen gas for the formation of a limitless number of pores. Pure titanium and a Ti-Al-V-Mo-Fe alloy easy to treat in a low-temperature superplastic process are used for the study of the process. In field (6), in the wake of element technology development, commercialization of implant materials is considered, technical tasks to discharge before new industry creation are made clear, and measures in this connection are studied. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 achievement report on regional consortium research and development project. Regional consortium of venture business fostering type--Creation of key industries (Development of technologies for manufacturing and utilizing various biological regulatory substances using Hokkaido-produced biomasses as materials); 1998 nendo Dosan biomass wo genryo to shita kakushu seitai chosetsu kino busshitsu no seisan riyo gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The efforts aim to meet consumers' needs for products that will prevent lifestyle diseases or the like. For this purpose, substances answering the purpose are extracted from Hokkaido-produced agricultural and aquatic biomasses, and prepared for testing. Researches are conducted on how they behave in the enzyme, cell, and biological systems, and active substances are isolated and identified. In relation to the aquatic biomass, a technology is established of extracting and separating DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), taurine, etc., which are multivalent unsaturated fatty acids effective in preventing lifestyle diseases, from the unused parts of the squid. In relation to the agricultural biomass, antimicrobial active substances are extracted and separated from small fruit plants such as the chicory. Long-keeping foods are tentatively produced by the addition of dried powder of the chicory root tuber. In the elucidation of various biological regulatory substances contained in the Hokkaido-produced biomasses, they are tested for their abilities to resist microbes and active oxygen. Furthermore, verification tests are conducted by administering the substances to the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy. First year report. Development of a next generation biopolymer information measuring system based on the nano channel electrophoresis; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy. Nano channel denki eido ni motozuku jisedai seitai kobunshi joho keisoku system no kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

On the basis of the nano channel electrophoresis technology, the construction was proceeded with of a system which integrates the basic process such as reaction, separation and detection needed for measuring biopolymer information and analyzes a number of samples simultaneously and with high accuracy/high sensitivity. Studies were made in the following three fields: 1) development of the basement technology on extraction/amplification/separation/detection of biopolymer; 2) development of micro-processing technology and system design and study on the development of device; 3) comprehensive investigational study. In 1), developmental technology is divided into the following: technology to effectively fraction/refine biopolymer from biological samples, technology for recognition control and manipulation of biopolymer, technology of amplification use micro-reaction of biopolymer, multiple selection technology of biopolymer using the specific molecular recognition, and technology for ultra-high speed separation of biopolymer. As to the multiple selection technology, DNA terminal recognizing hemin is altered by thiol group and connected to the surface of electrode to make an electrode type hemin recognition device. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium field. Third year report. R and D of the manufacturing technology of hybrid type biocompatible hard tissue substituting materials; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium bun'ya. Hybrid gata seitai yugo kinosei kososhiki daitai sozai seizo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 3 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

As instrument materials substituting for hard tissue such as tooth root and artificial hip joint, the technology development is being proceeded with of the use of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys coated by hydroxy apatite. Studies were made in the following 6 fields: 1) design of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys, system control and dynamic evaluation; 2) development of high efficiency calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxy apatite) and development of surface coating technology; 3) development of melting casting technology of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys; 4) biological evaluation of biocompatibility of high-biocompatible {beta} Ti alloys and completion of dental precision casting technology; 5) basic research on affinity of low rigidity Ti alloys (trial manufacture); 6) development of technology of precision processing and precision finishing processing of alloys. In 5), in the test on affinity of the trial-manufactured alloys, stainless steel and existing Ti alloys, it was verified that the trial-manufactured alloys were excellent in affinity. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the R and D for acceleration of biological resource information basement preparation (bioinformatics). Third revision. Development of measurement technology of interaction among biological molecules (Development of high-precise automatic analysis technology for a trace amount of cellular protein); 1998 nendo seibutsu shigen joho kiban seibi kasokuka kenkyu kaihatsu (bioinformatics) seika hokokusho. Seitai bunshikan sogo sayo no keisoku gijutsu no kaihatsu (saibonai chobiryo tanpakushitsu no koseido jido kaiseki gijutsu no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

An experimental study was conducted with the aim of developing the technology to acquire/analyze in high sensitivity manifestation proteins existing in a trace amount and in various kinds, concretely, signal transfer molecules, transcription factors, etc. which exist in one cell. After extracting a trace amount of functional proteins for analysis from the specified functional cell, the study was made on the following: precise separation and detection technique for cellular proteins, efficient digestion technique and contaminant elimination technique of stained protein, precise separation of peptides by micro-LC technique, precise peptide molecular mass detection of each separated peptide with high sensitivity, reconstruction of protein structure by computer algorithm. As a result, as to the analysis level, an analysis technology with high sensitivity of a 50 fmol level was established as against the existing level of several pmol. Moreover, after the separation/digestion of proteins by the 2D electrophoresis, a series of the process automation system was completed which is high-precise separation using protein columns - molecular analysis - structure prediction by computer. (NEDO)