Rhenium-188 - advantages and clinical potential for use of a readily available, cost effective therapeutic radioisotope for applications in nuclear medicine, oncology and interventional cardiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.F. jr.

2002-01-01

'conditioning' prior to stem cell rescue in leukemia patients. In addition to the development of the Re-188-P2045 peptide for the potential clinical treatment of lung tumors, a variety of other Re-188-labeled peptides and antibodies are being evaluated for tumor therapy, and Re-188-Lipiodol is being used for palliative therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in IAEA-supported trials. Installation of the W-188/Re-188 generator in a centralized radiopharmacy would be expected to optimize the availability and costs of Re-188. This presentation will provide an overview of the current and expected broader role of Re-188 as an important therapeutic radioisotope. (author)

Liquid kit for preparation of 188rhenium-etidronate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marczewski, Barbara; Dias, Carla Roberta; Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

2005-01-01

The aim of this study was the preparation of a liquid kit for radiolabeling of 188 Re-HEDP (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate). 188 Re was obtained from alumina based 188 W/ 188 Re generators. This paper reports the efficacy of a cold kit stored for more than two weeks, determined by the dependence of the radiolabeling yields of 188 Re-HEDP on the incubation time, reducing agent concentration, the effects of concentration of ligand, the p H of the reaction and the temperature. The cold kits showed a good stability when carrie-free rhenium-188 was added in the reaction mixture. (author)

A new technique for labeling of Lipiodol with 188Re in the treatment of hepatic tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shyh-Jen Wang; Wan-Yu Lin; Bor-Tsung Hsieh; Kai-Yuan Cheng; Lie-Hang Shen; Ming-Ja Su

2004-01-01

A new method for the synthesis of 188 Re-Lipiodol without using a chelating agent and to evaluate the stability and biodistribution of the new agent in rats with hepatic tumors was attempted. Eighteen male Sprague -Dawley rats with liver tumors were sacrificed at 1, 24, and 48 hours (six rats at each time) after injection of approximately 7.4 MBq (0.2 mCi) of 188 Re Lipiodol via the hepatic artery. Samples of tumor, liver and other organs were collected and tissue concentration (%ID/g) of the markers were calculated. A high level of radioactivity in the hepatic tumors was found at every time of the study. The ratios of tumor to normal liver tissue concentration (T/N ratio) were 7.62 at 1 hour, 8.03 at 24 hours, and 7.70 at 48 hours. Except for the liver, kidneys and lungs, concentrations in other organs were low. The new method for labeling Lipiodol with 188 Re is simple and has potential for the treatment of hepatic tumors. (author)

Effect of a 188 Re-SSS lipiodol/131I-lipiodol mixture, 188 Re-SSS lipiodol alone or 131I-lipiodol alone on the survival of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Garin, Elienne; Rakotonirina, Hervé; Lejeune, Florence; Denizot, Benoit; Roux, Jerome; Noiret, Nicolas; Mesbah, Habiba; Herry, Jean-Yues; Bourguet, Patrick; Lejeune, Jean-Jacques

2006-04-01

It has been shown that the use of a cocktail of isotopes of different ranges of action leads to an increase in the effectiveness of metabolic radiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to compare with a control group the effectiveness of three different treatments in rats bearing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using (1) a mixture of lipiodol labelled with both I and Re, (2) lipiodol labelled with I alone and (3) lipiodol labelled with Re alone. Four groups were made up, each containing 14 rats with the N1-S1 tumour cell line. Group 1 received a mixture composed of 22 MBq of Re-SSS lipiodol and 7 MBq I-lipiodol. Group 2 received 14 MBq I-lipiodol. Group 3 received 44 MBq of Re-SSS lipiodol and group 4 acted as the control. The survival of the various groups was compared by a non-parametric test of log-rank, after a follow-up of 60, 180 and 273 days. Compared with the controls, the rats treated with a mixture of Re-SSS lipiodol and I-lipiodol show an increase in survival, but only from day 60 onwards (P=0.05 at day 60 and 0.13 at days 180 and 273). For the rats treated with I-lipiodol, there was a highly significant increase in survival compared with the controls at day 60, day 180 and day 273 (P=0.03, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). There is no significant increase in survival for the rats treated with Re-SSS lipiodol, irrespective of the follow-up duration (P=0.53 at day 60, 0.48 at day 180, and 0.59 at day 273). In this study, I-lipiodol is the most effective treatment in HCC-bearing rats, because this is the only method that leads to a prolonged improvement of survival. These results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to humans because of the relatively small size and unifocal nature of the lesions in this study. It appears necessary to carry out a study in humans with larger tumours in order to compare these three treatments, particularly with a view to replacing I-labelled lipiodol by Re-labelled lipiodol. However, this study clearly demonstrated that

Liquid kit for preparation of {sup 188}rhenium-etidronate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marczewski, Barbara; Dias, Carla Roberta; Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), SP (Brazil). Centro de Radiofarmacia]. E-mail: baszot@gmail.com

2005-10-15

The aim of this study was the preparation of a liquid kit for radiolabeling of {sup 188} Re-HEDP (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate). {sup 188} Re was obtained from alumina based {sup 188} W/{sup 188} Re generators. This paper reports the efficacy of a cold kit stored for more than two weeks, determined by the dependence of the radiolabeling yields of {sup 188} Re-HEDP on the incubation time, reducing agent concentration, the effects of concentration of ligand, the p H of the reaction and the temperature. The cold kits showed a good stability when carrie-free rhenium-188 was added in the reaction mixture. (author)

188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

2017-01-19

The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188 Re is readily available from an 188 W/ 188 Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications.

188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy

Science.gov (United States)

Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

2017-01-01

The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188Re is readily available from an 188W/188Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications. PMID:28106830

Safety and Efficacy of 188-Rhenium-Labeled Antibody to Melanin in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Klein

2013-01-01

Full Text Available There is a need for effective “broad spectrum” therapies for metastatic melanoma which would be suitable for all patients. The objectives of Phase Ia/Ib studies were to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and antitumor activity of 188Re-6D2, a 188-Rhenium-labeled antibody to melanin. Stage IIIC/IV metastatic melanoma (MM patients who failed standard therapies were enrolled in both studies. In Phase Ia, 10 mCi 188Re-6D2 were given while unlabeled antibody preload was escalated. In Phase Ib, the dose of 188Re-6D2 was escalated to 54 mCi. SPECT/CT revealed 188Re-6D2 uptake in melanoma metastases. The mean effective half-life of 188Re-6D2 was 12.4 h. Transient HAMA was observed in 9 patients. Six patients met the RECIST criteria for stable disease at 6 weeks. Two patients had durable disease stabilization for 14 weeks and one for 22 weeks. Median overall survival was 13 months with no dose-limiting toxicities. The data demonstrate that 188Re-6D2 was well tolerated, localized in melanoma metastases, and had antitumor activity, thus warranting its further investigation in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Development of pharmaceuticals with radioactive rhenium for cancer therapy. Production of {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re, synthesis of labeled compounds and their biodistributions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Production of the radioactive rhenium isotopes {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re, and synthesis of their labeled compounds have been studied together with the biodistributions of the compounds. This work was carried out by the Working Group on Radioactive Rhenium, consisting of researchers of JAERI and some universities, in the Subcommittee for Production and Radiolabeling under the Consultative Committee of Research on Radioisotopes. For {sup 186}Re, production methods by the {sup 185}Re(n,{gamma}){sup 186}Re reaction in a reactor and by the {sup 186}W(p,n){sup 186}Re reaction with an accelerator, which can produce nocarrier-added {sup 186}Re, have been established. For {sup 188}Re, a production method by the double neutron capture reaction of {sup 186}W, which produces a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator, has been established. For labeling of bisphosphonate, DMSA, DTPA, DADS, aminomethylenephosphonate and some monoclonal antibodies with the radioactive rhenium isotopes, the optimum conditions, including pH, the amounts of reagents and so on, have been determined for each compound. The biodistributions of each of the labeled compounds in mice have been also obtained. (author)

Use of new tandem cation/anion exchange system with clinical-scale generators provides high specific volume solutions of technetium-99m and rhenium-188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Beets, A.L.; Mirzadeh, S.; Guhlke, S.

1998-01-01

In this paper we describe the first application of our simple and inexpensive post-elution tandem cation/anion exchange column system which is based on generator elution with salts of weak acids such as ammonium acetate instead of saline solution to provide very high specific volume solutions of technetium-99m and rhenium-188 from clinical-scale molybdenum-99/technetium-99m generator prepared from low specific activity (n,y) molybdenum-99, and tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generators, respectively. Initial passage of the bolus through a strong cation exchange cartridge converts the ammonium acetate to acetic acid which is essentially not ionized at the acidic pH, allowing specific subsequent amine-type (QMA SepPak TM ) anion exchange cartridge column trapping of the microscopic levels of the pertechnetate or perrhenate. Subsequent elution of the anion cartridge with a small volume ( 500 mCi/mL) from the alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator. (author)

Use of a new tandem cation/anion exchange system with clinical-scale generators provides high specific volume solutions of technetium-99m and rhenium-188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.R. Jr.; Beets, A.L.; Mirzadeh, S.; Guhlke, S.; Univ. of Bonn

1998-03-01

In this paper the authors describe the first application of a simple and inexpensive post elution tandem cation-anion exchange column system which is based on generator elution with salts of weak acids such as ammonium acetate instead of saline solution to provide very high specific volume solutions of technetium-99m and rhenium-188 from clinical scale molybdenum-99/technetium-99m generator prepared from low specific activity (n,y) molybdenum-99, and tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generators, respectively. Initial passage of the bolus through a strong cation exchange cartridge converts the ammonium acetate to acetic acid which is essentially not ionized at the acidic pH, allowing specific subsequent amine type (QMA SepPak trademark) anion exchange cartridge column trapping of the microscopic levels of the pertechnetate or perrhenate. Subsequent elution of the anion cartridge with a small volume ( 500 mCi/mL) from the alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator

Rhenium 188 labelling of peptide conjugates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melendez-Alafort, Laura

2001-01-01

Many human tumours express high levels, of somatostatin receptors. In order to make possible a radiotherapeutic treatment of this kind for tumour a series of somatostatin analogues that can tightly chelate beta emitting isotopes have been developed in recent years. The work carried out for this thesis has been aimed towards development of a new therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for treatment of somatostatin receptor positive tumours. The first chapters describe work with technetium-99m to establish the labelling and analytical conditions for a somatostatin analogue, [Tyr 3 ]-octreotide (TOC), as a precursor to undertaking labelling studies with the beta emitter rhenium-188. 6-Hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) was conjugated to TOC and labelled with 99m using different coligands. Then the stability, receptor binding and biodistribution of each complex were assessed. 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC using EDDA as coligand showed the best characteristics, and was superior for tumour imaging in humans than the commercially available 111 In-DTPA-octreotide. The conditions for labelling the HYNIC-TOC conjugate with 188 Re were then optimised using tricine as a co-ligand. A labelling yield of ∼80% was achieved. After purification however, the stability of the complex was low. The use of other coligand systems which had proved useful for 99m Tc labelling was explored, but yields were very poor. Other chelators such as diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG 3 ) were studied as potential co-ligand agents to label the HYNIC-TOC conjugate with 188 Re but, again low yields of the labelled peptide complexes were achieved. A novel 188 Re-HYNIC complex was prepared in high yields using N-N-disubstituted dithiocarbamates as coligands. However to date, the specific activities achieved with this system are relatively low. The use of the [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] complex to label the HYNIC-TOC conjugate was investigated

Pharmacokinetic properties of new antitumor radiopharmaceutical on the basis of diamond nanoporous composites labeled with rhenium-188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petriev, V M; Tishchenko, V K; Kuril’chik, A A; Skvortsov, V G

2017-01-01

Today the development of address therapeutic radionuclide delivery systems directly to tumor tissue is of current interest. It can be achieved by the design of drug containers of specific sizes and shapes from carbon-based composite materials. It will be allowed to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapy and avoid serious side effects. In this work we studied the pharmacokinetic properties of nanodiamond nanoporous composite labeled with rhenium-188 in rats with hepatocholangioma PC-1 after intratumoral injection. It was established that substantial part of injected radioactivity remained in tumor tissue. Within three hours after 188 Re-nanoporous composites injection activity in tumor constituted 79.1–91.3% of injected dose (ID). Then activity level declined to 45.9% ID at 120 hours. No more than 1.34% ID entered the bloodstream. In soft organs and tissues, except thyroid gland, the content of compound didn’t exceed 0.3% ID/g. The highest activity in thyroid gland was 6.95% ID/g. In conclusion, received results suggest 188 Re-nanoporous composites can be promising radionuclide delivery systems for cancer treatment. (paper)

Lipiodol as a Fiducial Marker for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Bladder Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freilich, Jessica M.; Spiess, Philippe E.; Biagioli, Matthew C.; Fernandez, Daniel C.; Shi, Ellen J.; Hunt, Dylan C.; Gupta, Shilpa; Wilder, Richard B., E-mail: richard.wilder@moffitt.org [Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (United States)

2014-03-15

Purpose: To evaluate Lipiodol as a liquid, radio-opaque fiducial marker for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for bladder cancer; Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2012, 5 clinical T2a-T3b N0 M0 stage II-III bladder cancer patients were treated with maximal transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to 64.8 Gy in 36 fractions ± concurrent weekly cisplatin-based or gemcitabine chemotherapy. Ten to 15mL Lipiodol, using 0.5mL per injection, was injected into bladder submucosa circumferentially around the entire periphery of the tumor bed immediately following maximal TURBT. The authors looked at inter-observer variability regarding the size and location of the tumor bed (CTVboost) on computed tomography scans with versus without Lipiodol. Results: Median follow-up was 18 months. Lipiodol was visible on every orthogonal two-dimensional kV portal image throughout the entire, 7-week course of IGRT. There was a trend towards improved inter-observer agreement on the CTVboost with Lipiodol (p = 0.06). In 2 of 5 patients, the tumor bed based upon Lipiodol extended outside a planning target volume that would have been treated with a radiation boost based upon a cystoscopy report and an enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan for staging. There was no toxicity attributable to Lipiodol: Conclusions: Lipiodol constitutes a safe and effective fiducial marker that an urologist can use to demarcate a tumor bed immediately following maximal TURBT. Lipiodol decreases inter-observer variability in the definition of the extent and location of a tumor bed on a treatment planning CT scan for a radiation boost. (author)

Lipiodol as a Fiducial Marker for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Bladder Cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jessica M. Freilich

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose To evaluate Lipiodol as a liquid, radio-opaque fiducial marker for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT for bladder cancer.Materials and Methods Between 2011 and 2012, 5 clinical T2a-T3b N0 M0 stage II-III bladder cancer patients were treated with maximal transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT to 64.8 Gy in 36 fractions ± concurrent weekly cisplatin-based or gemcitabine chemotherapy. Ten to 15mL Lipiodol, using 0.5mL per injection, was injected into bladder submucosa circumferentially around the entire periphery of the tumor bed immediately following maximal TURBT. The authors looked at inter-observer variability regarding the size and location of the tumor bed (CTVboost on computed tomography scans with versus without Lipiodol.Results Median follow-up was 18 months. Lipiodol was visible on every orthogonal two-dimensional kV portal image throughout the entire, 7-week course of IGRT. There was a trend towards improved inter-observer agreement on the CTVboost with Lipiodol (p = 0.06. In 2 of 5 patients, the tumor bed based upon Lipiodol extended outside a planning target volume that would have been treated with a radiation boost based upon a cystoscopy report and an enhanced computed tomography (CT scan for staging. There was no toxicity attributable to Lipiodol.Conclusions Lipiodol constitutes a safe and effective fiducial marker that an urologist can use to demarcate a tumor bed immediately following maximal TURBT. Lipiodol decreases inter-observer variability in the definition of the extent and location of a tumor bed on a treatment planning CT scan for a radiation boost.

Quality of life assessment in radionuclide therapy: a feasibility study of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in palliative 131I-lipiodol therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brans, B.; Lambert, B.; De Beule, E.; De Winter, F.; Dierckx, R.A.; Van Belle, S.; Van Vlierberghe, H.; De Hemptinne, B.

2002-01-01

The good tolerance of radionuclide therapy has frequently been proposed as a major advantage. This study explored the feasibility of using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in palliative iodine-131 lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Questionnaires were completed during interviews in which all symptoms, co-morbidity and medication were assessed at baseline within 1 week before 131 I-lipiodol therapy, and subsequently after 1 and 3 months, in 20 patients treated with locoregional, intra-arterial 131 I-lipiodol therapy with or without cisplatin. Principal observations were that (1) a number of important scales, i.e. overall quality of life, physical functioning and pain, worsened between 0 and 3 months after 131 I-lipiodol therapy, irrespective of tumour response, and (2) the occurrence of clinical side-effects was associated with a negative impact on quality of life and physical functioning 1 and 3 months after 131 I-lipiodol. The QLQ-C30 can be regarded as a feasible method for quality of life assessment in 131 I-lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and possibly in other radionuclide therapies. These observations should be related to the impact of other treatment modalities on quality of life. (orig.)

Chromatographic 188W →188Re generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khujaev, S.

2005-01-01

Full text: The main purpose of the generator - reception of daughter radioisotope Rhenium-188 from it by periodic elution for a long period of time (more than half-year). It is generally known that Rhenium-188, in the form of its complex connections, is applied in nuclear medicine in treatment and removal of painful syndromes. The generator possesses convenient nuclear-physical characteristics of a daughter radioisotope Rhenium-188. It is a source of (Irradiation with energy 2.12 MeV (98 %) with small contribution soft γ-radiation with energy 0.155 MeV (15 %). The Period of half-life destruction of radioisotope is 17 hours. The 188 W parent radioisotope for the generator is formed by irradiation of 186 W neutrons based on the following reaction: 186 W (n,γ) 187 W (n,γ) 188 W (69 days) → 188 Re (17 hours) + β The following were used as targets for irradiation: 1) Metal Tungsten (powder) of natural structure; 2) Metal Tungsten (plate) of natural structure; 3) Metal Tungsten (wire) of natural structure, d = 12 mm; 4) Metal Tungsten (powder) with enrichment on isotope 186 W - 99.79 %. The irradiated material was exposed to chemical processing with reception of radioactive solution of tungsten-188, from which sorption Tungsten was carried out onto sorbent as poly-wolframate-ions. It is established that Tungsten sorption depends on many factors as there are various chemical forms of Tungsten (VI) in water solutions, ratio of which depends on pH of the solution, concentration of Tungsten in the solution and presence of foreign ions. Tungsten sorption was carried out in static and in dynamic regimes. At dynamic regime the sorbent was placed directly in the generating column. The generator consisted of chromatographic columns with sorbent and radioisotope 188 W, eluting system and radiation protection. Rhenium-188 was taken from the generator as perrhenate sodium by elution of 0.9 % solution of chloride sodium in 10 ml. Technical characteristics of the generator

188Rhenium-HEDP in the treatment of pain in bone metastases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaudiano, J.; Martinez, G.; Hermida, J.C.; Savio, E.; Verdera, S.; Robles, A.; Muniz, S.; Leon, A.; Knapp, F.F.

2001-01-01

Systemic use of radiopharmaceuticals is a recognised alternative method for the treatment of pain in patients with multiple bone metastases. A new option, 188 Re-HEDP is proposed, using generator-obtained 188 Rhenium (β energy = 2.1 MeV, γ energy = 155 keV, half-life = 16.9 hours). After establishing parameters of biodistribution, dosimetry and image acquisition in mice, rats and rabbits, Phase I and II studies were conducted on 12 patients with multiple metastases from carcinomas, with pain surpassing other analgesic options. More than 50% pain relief was found in 91% of the patients, with total relief during a variable period in 41% of them allowing opiate and other analgesic drugs to be decreased or withdrawn, and showing a lower bone marrow contribution to total absorbed dose than that reported for other similar radiopharmaceuticals. Further study of this option is recommended in order to determine higher dose protocols without toxic bone marrow reaction possibilities. (author)

188Rhenium-HEDP in the Treatment of Pain in Bone Metastases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaudiano, J.; Savio, E.; Robles, A.; Muniz, S.; Leon, A.; Verdera, S.; Martinez, G.; Hermida, J.C.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.

1999-01-01

Systemic use of radiopharmaceuticals is a recognized alternative method for the treatment of pain in patients with multiple bone metastasis. A new option, 188 Re-HEDP is proposed, using generator-obtained 188 Rhenium (β energy = 2.1 MeV, γ energy = 155 keV, half-life = 16.9 hours). After establishing parameters of biodistribution, dosimetry and image acquisition in mice, rats and rabbits, Phase I and II studies were conducted on 12 patients with multiple metastasis from carcinomas, with pain surpassing other analgesic options. More than 50% pain relief was found in 91% of the patients, with total relief during a variable period in 41% of them allowing opiate and other analgesic drugs to be decreased or withdrawn, and showing a lower bone marrow contribution to total absorbed dose than that reported for other similar radiopharmaceuticals. Further study of this option is recommended in order to determine higher dose protocols without toxic bone marrow reaction possibilities

{sup 188}Rhenium-HEDP in the Treatment of Pain in Bone Metastases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaudiano, J.; Savio, E.; Robles, A.; Muniz, S.; Leon, A.; Verdera, S.; Martinez, G.; Hermida, J.C.; Knapp, F.F., Jr.

1999-01-18

Systemic use of radiopharmaceuticals is a recognized alternative method for the treatment of pain in patients with multiple bone metastasis. A new option, {sup 188}Re-HEDP is proposed, using generator-obtained {sup 188}Rhenium ({beta} energy = 2.1 MeV, {gamma} energy = 155 keV, half-life = 16.9 hours). After establishing parameters of biodistribution, dosimetry and image acquisition in mice, rats and rabbits, Phase I and II studies were conducted on 12 patients with multiple metastasis from carcinomas, with pain surpassing other analgesic options. More than 50% pain relief was found in 91% of the patients, with total relief during a variable period in 41% of them allowing opiate and other analgesic drugs to be decreased or withdrawn, and showing a lower bone marrow contribution to total absorbed dose than that reported for other similar radiopharmaceuticals. Further study of this option is recommended in order to determine higher dose protocols without toxic bone marrow reaction possibilities.

Studies on the preparation and isomeric composition of [sup 186]Re- and [sup 188]Re-pentavalent rhenium dimercaptosuccinic acid complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, J. (Canterbury Univ. (United Kingdom). Biological Lab.); Reghebi, K.; Lazarus, C.R.; Clarke, S.E.M. (Guy' s Hospital, London (United Kingdom)); Callahan, A.P.; Knapp, F.F. Jr. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)); Blower, P.J. (Kent and Canterbury Hospital (United Kingdom))

1993-03-01

The preparative conditions for [sup 186]Re(V)DMSA and [sup 188]Re(V)DMSA (DMSA = meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid), [beta]-emitting radiopharmaceuticals that have been shown to localize in medullary thyroid carcinoma, require modification depending on the amount of carrier rhenium and the chemical form and medium in which the rhenium is supplied. Preparative conditions are described for use with carrier-free [sup 188]ReO[sub 4][sup -] in saline, and for use with [sup 186]ReO[sub 4][sup -] in saline, sodium hydroxide or nitric acid. Preparation of [sup 186]Re(V)DMSA (carrier present up to 2 mg per 2.5 ml reaction volume) requires a DMSA:SnCl[sub 2]:Re ratio of 10:5:1 at 100[sup o]C for 30 min. Addition of excess nitric acid or hydrochloric acid up to a concentration of 155 mM does not reduce the yield from 100%. A commercial DMSA kit vial (e.g. Amerscan DMSA) can be used for preparation of [sup 188]Re(V)DMSA (carrier free) provided the required is in a volume of less than 1 ml per vial. A convenient method of concentrating the [sup 188]Re generator eluate to the required volume is described. (Author).

Absolute counting of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ravindra, Anuradha; Kulkarni, D.B.; Joseph, Leena; Kulkarni, M.S.

2018-01-01

Rhenium-188 is radiopharmaceutical that belongs to the group of strong beta-weak gamma emitters. It emits high energy beta particles, (E β m ax = 2.12MeV) and weak gamma rays (E γ = 155 keV) hence makes it suitable for wide variety of therapeutic as well as diagnostic applications. Therapeutic applications include therapy of tumors, radionuclide synovectomy, bone pain palliation, intra vascular radiation therapy etc. 188 Re-labeled medicines have been employed increasingly in the therapy of tumors and vascular restenosis. To ensure that patient receives the appropriate radiation dose during the treatment, both the activity standardization and the determination of sensitivity coefficient of the secondary standard for 188 Re have become important tasks. This paper presents the methods and results obtained for the following measurements a) Standardisation of the 188 Re by using the 4π proportional counter (4πPC)-gamma extrapolation method b) Determination of sensitivity coefficient (pA/MBq) of the secondary standard ionization chamber type Centronic IG12, 20A for 188 Re

Physico-chemical characterisation and biological evaluation of 188-Rhenium colloids for radiosynovectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ures, Ma Cristina; Savio, Eduardo; Malanga, Antonio; Fernández, Marcelo; Paolino, Andrea; Gaudiano, Javier

2002-01-01

Radiosynovectomy is a type of radiotherapy used to relieve pain and inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, 188-Rhenium ( 188 Re) colloids were characterized by physical and biological methodologies. This was used to assess which parameters of the kit formulation would be the basis in the development of a more effective radiopharmaceutical for synovectomy. Intraarticular injection in knees of rabbits assessed cavity leakage of activity. The physical characteristics of tin (Sn) and sulphur (S) colloids were determined to assess the formulation with suitable properties. Particles were grouped in three ranges for analyzing their distribution according to their number, volume and surface. The ideal particle size range was considered to be from 2 to 10 microns. Membrane filtration and laser diffraction characterization methodologies were used. While membrane filtration could give misleading data, laser diffraction proportions more reliable results. The Sn colloid showed a better distribution of particle volume and surface than S colloid, in the 2 to 10 microns range. The 188 Re-Sn colloid was obtained with a radiochemical purity higher than 95% after 30 minutes of autoclaving. While Sn colloid kit stability was verified for 60 days, the 188 Re-Sn preparation was stable in the first 24 hrs. No significant intrabatch variability (n = 3) was detected. Biodistribution and scintigraphic studies in rabbits after intraarticular injection showed relevant activity only in knee, being 90% at 48 hours. The 188 Re-Sn colloid is easy to prepare, is stable for 24 hours and shows minimal cavity leakage after intraarticular injection into rabbit knees, suggesting this radiotherapeutical agent has suitable physical properties for evaluation for joint treatment in humans

Development of a technology for the preparation of 188W-188Re generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Alexandre de

2004-01-01

A big interest has recently arisen concerning the use of Rhenium-188 (188Re) for various medical applications. Tumor therapy with antibodies labeled with 188Re is the main application, but it is being studied its application in carcinomas of medullar thyroid, bone pain palliation and radionuclide synovectomy, among others. Rhenium-188 decays 79% to the ground state of stable 188Os (Eβ1max - 2,11 MeV) and 20% to the first excited state (Eβ2max = 1,97 MeV). The deexcitation of this state gives a 155 keV gamma ray (15r%) which can be detected by imaging. Another great advantage is the viability of carrier-free 188Re from the decay of 188W (t 1/2 = 69.4 days) in a generator system. The objective of this work is the development of the technology for the preparation of 188W- 188Re generators. To accomplish this, the steps of the work are: preparation of the targets of W; irradiation of W targets in order to measure the activation and radionuclidic impurities; development of 188W-188Re generators; development of a method for the quality control of 188Re: chemical, radiochemical and radionuclidic purities. The study of alumina-based generators was performed with the irradiation of targets of natural metallic W and W03 and showed that this kind of generator will only be viable with the importation of 188W, due to the low neutron flux of the Reactor IEA-R1 Reactor for the commercial routine production of this radioisotope, but the technology of production and quality control were successful. The gel type chromatographic generators of WZr were produced with natural WO3 targets and showed that, if enriched targets are to be used and with the power upgrade of the IEA-R1 Reactor, they can be produced by the Radiopharmacy Center at IPEN-SP. The quality control methodology were determined and the results were inside the limits given by the Pharmacopoeia. (author)

A randomised, phase II study of repeated rhenium-188-HEDP combined with docetaxel and prednisone versus docetaxel and prednisone alone in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) metastatic to bone; the Taxium II trial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dodewaard-de Jong, Joyce M. van [VU University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Meander Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Amersfoort (Netherlands); Klerk, John M.H. de [Meander Medical Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amersfoort (Netherlands); Bloemendal, Haiko J. [Meander Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Amersfoort (Netherlands); University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Medical Oncology, Utrecht (Netherlands); Oprea-Lager, Daniela E.; Hoekstra, Otto S. [VU University Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Berg, H.P. van den [Tergooi Medical Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Hilversum (Netherlands); Los, Maartje [St Antonius Hospital Utrecht, Department of Medical Oncology, Utrecht (Netherlands); Beeker, Aart [Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Medical Oncology, Hoofddorp (Netherlands); Jonker, Marianne A. [VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam (Netherlands); O' Sullivan, Joe M. [Queen' s University Belfast, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Verheul, Henk M.W.; Eertwegh, Alfons J.M. van den [VU University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2017-08-15

Rhenium-188-HEDP is a beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical used for palliation of metastatic bone pain. We investigated whether the addition of rhenium-188-HEDP to docetaxel/prednisone improved efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRPC. Patients with progressive CRPC and osteoblastic bone metastases were randomised for first-line docetaxel 75 mg/m{sup 2} 3-weekly plus prednisone with or without 2 injections of rhenium-188-HEDP after the third (40 MBq/kg) and after the sixth (20 MBq/kg) cycle of docetaxel. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), defined as either PSA, radiographic or clinical progression. Patients were stratified by extent of bone metastases and hospital. Forty-two patients were randomised for standard treatment and 46 patients for combination therapy. Median number of cycles of docetaxel was 9 in the control group and 8 in the experimental group. Median follow-up was 18.4 months. Two patients from the experimental group did not start treatment after randomisation. In the intention to treat analysis no differences in PFS, survival and PSA became apparent between the two groups. In an exploratory per-protocol analysis median overall survival was significantly longer in the experimental group (33.8 months (95%CI 31.75-35.85)) than in the control group (21.0 months (95%CI 13.61-28.39); p 0.012). Also median PFS in patients with a baseline phosphatase >220U/L was significantly better with combination treatment (9.0 months (95%CI 3.92-14.08) versus 6.2 months (95%CI 3.08-9.32); log rank p 0.005). As expected, thrombocytopenia (grade I/II) was reported more frequently in the experimental group (25% versus 0%). Combined treatment with rhenium-188-HEDP and docetaxel did not prolong PFS in patients with CRPC. The observed survival benefit in the per-protocol analysis warrants further studies in the combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals. (orig.)

The Chemistry of Re-188 Radiopharmaceuticals: Could Re-188 Play the Same Role in Therapy as Tc-99m in Diagnostics?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duatti, A.

2009-01-01

-donor Lewis'bases) favoring the conversion of the tetrahedral arrangement of [ 188 ReO 4 ]- to a higher coordination geometry. Using this novel approach, we were able to obtain the high-yield preparation of a large number of Re-188 complexes having exactly the same molecular structure of the corresponding Tc-99m analogues, and clearly demonstrate that these matched-pairs of Tc-99m and Re-188 complexes fully exhibit the same biodistribution properties. These findings opened the door to the application of a number of Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals to the treatment of different neoplastic diseases. In particular, we developed Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals for the therapy of the following tumours: (a) Re-188 labeled lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, (b) Re-188 labeled peptides for the therapy of different types of peptide-receptor expressing tumors, and (c) Re-188 labeled biotin and bivalent haptens for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Recently, we devised a remotely controlled, multi-reaction, synthesis module for the preparation of different classes of Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals under conditions that dramatically decrease the radiation exposure of personnel involved in Re-188 production. (author)

World Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Council: A report on the 5th International Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Colloquium and the Final Planning Meeting of the World Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Council held at Santiago, Chile, 29 September, 2002

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, J.V.

2003-01-01

Full text: The 5th International Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Colloquium was held on 29th October 2002 as a pre-congress meeting of the World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology Congress in Santiago, Chile. Work-in-Progress research papers were presented by leaders in the field of therapeutic nuclear oncology. Speakers gave untitled presentations without abstracts and reported data from studies performed only days or weeks before the meeting. Such cutting edge research presentations stimulated lively discussion which also addressed the problems encountered and ways in which they may be circumvented. Radioimmunotherapy of haematological malignancy was discussed by Greg Wiseman of the Mayo Clinic, and Thomas Behr of the University of Marburg. Radiopeptide therapy of neuroendocrine tumours was presented by Larry Kvols from the University of Florida, and locoregional therapy of glioma was presented by John Buscombe of the Royal Free Hospital, London. All speakers reported encouraging clinical results with objective tumour responses, increased survival and improved quality of life, which encourages wider clinical application of these novel radiopharmaceutical therapies. The Round Table Discussion on clinical applications of Rhenium-188 radiopharmaceuticals was chaired by Russ Knapp from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Hans Biersack of the University of Bonn. Following an outline of current developments by Russ Knapp preliminary results of clinical trials were presented for discussion. Hans Biersack, Javier Gaudiano from Montevideo and Achim Kropp from Dresden reported effective palliation of painful skeletal metastases with 188Re-HEDP. Ajit Padhy gave an update of the IAEA multicentre trial of intrahepatic arterial 188Re-Lipiodol therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and Harvey Turner reported preliminary results in hepatoma patients using an alternative kit formulation of 188Re-Lipiodol in Fremantle. Early experience with Rhenium 188 in the prevention of re

Effect of Temperature and Mole Ratio on the Synthesis Yield of Rhenium-Tetrofosmin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Widyastuti

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Technetium-99m (99mTc tetrofosmin is widely used in nuclear medicine as a diagnostic agent for myocardial perfusion and as a tumor imaging agent. As a parenteral preparation it requires an evaluation of its pharmacokinetics and stability in-vivo. Since 99mTc has a short half-life and is only available in very low concentrations, it is impossible to characterize its chemical properties and presence in the body. Due to this reason, only technetium-99 (T1/2 = 5 × 105 years, which is available in macro quantities, or natural rhenium can be used for this purpose. In this study rhenium-188 (188Re tetrofosmin will be synthesized and applied, because non-radioactive Re can be easily obtained. Synthesis and radiochemical purity analysis of carrier-added 188Re-tetrofosmin were carried out as a model to study the in-vivo stability of technetium-99m tetrofosmin. Rhenium-188 was used as a tracer to identify the formation of rhenium tetrofosmin. Rhenium gluconate was synthesized first prior to the formation of rhenium tetrofosmin. The quality of labeling for both rhenium gluconate and rhenium tetrofosmin was analyzed using paper- and thin-layer chromatography, respectively. Rhenium gluconate can be synthesized with high labeling yield within 1 hour, whereas rhenium tetrofosmin was synthesized both in room temperature and in an elevated temperature with various tetrofosmin-to-rhenium mole ratios.The results showed that heating at 95oC led to a higher yield of more than 90% within 30 minutes. Rhenium tetrofosmin could be produced in high radiochemical purity using an excess of tetrofosmin with mole ratio of 2000. It is concluded that rhenium tetrofosmin could be synthesized through the formation of rhenium gluconate, and a higher yield could be obtained in a shorter time by heating process.

Radiation exposure and radiation protection of the physician in iodine-131 Lipiodol therapy of liver tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Risse, J.H.; Ponath, C.; Palmedo, H.; Biersack, H.J.; Menzel, C.; Gruenwald, F.

2001-01-01

Intra-arterial iodine-131 labelled Lipiodol therapy for liver cancer has been investigated for safety and efficacy over a number of years, but data on radiation exposure of personnel have remained unavailable to date. The aim of this study was to assess the radiation exposure of the physician during intra-arterial 131 I-Lipiodol therapy for liver malignancies and to develop appropriate radiation protection measures and equipment. During 20 intra-arterial administrations of 131 I-Lipiodol (1110-1924 MBq), radiation dose equivalents (RDE) to the whole body, fingers and eyes of the physician were determined for (a) conventional manual administration through a shielded syringe, (b) administration with an automatic injector and (c) administration with a lead container developed in-house. Administration by syringe resulted in a finger RDE of 19.5 mSv, an eye RDE of 130-140 μSv, and a whole-body RDE of 108-119 μSv. The injector reduced the finger RDE to 5 mSv. With both technique (a) and technique (b), contamination of angiography materials was observed. The container allowed safe transport and administration of the radiopharmaceutical from 4 m distance and reduced the finger RDE to 131 I-Lipiodol was administered by syringe or injector, but was significantly reduced with the lead container. (orig.)

Synthesis of {sup 188}Re-DMSA complex using carrier-free {sup 188}Re

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Izumo, Mishiroku [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Islam, M S

1997-03-01

The synthesis of rhenium-DMSA labelled compound using carrier-free {sup 188}Re from the {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator has been carried out. Stannous chloride was used as the reducing agent for reduction of rhenium and ascorbic acid was used as an antioxidant in the reaction media. The dependence of the yield of Re-DMSA complex upon the concentration of reducing agent, pH, reaction time, anti-oxidant, carrier and temperature was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the yield of Re-DMSA complexes were more than 98% for the carrier-free as well as carrier-added {sup 188}Re. The stability of the Re-DMSA complexes at different pH and time were also investigated. It was found that the Re-DMSA complex was very stable and did not undergo any changes or decomposition with the changes of pH from its initial values even after 48 hours of pH change for carrier-free as well as carrier-added complexes. (author)

Dosimetric evaluation of anti-CD20 labelled with 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio, Graciela; Osso Junior, Joao A.

2011-01-01

Radioimmunotherapy has the potential to deliver lethal radiation energy directly to malignant cells via targeting of radioisotope-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to specific antigens. B-cell lymphoma is a particularly good candidate for radioimmunotherapy because the disease is inherently radiosensitive, malignant cells in the blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymphonodes are accessible, and MAbs have been developed to B-cell surface antigens that do not shed or modulate. Rituximab (RTX), the human IgG1-type chimeric form of the parent murine antibody ibritumomab, is specifically targeted against CD20, a surface antigen expressed by pre-B and mature human B lymphocytes. The use of rhenium-188 from a 188 W/ 188 Re generator system represents an attractive alternative radionuclide for therapy. 188 Re is produced from beta decay of the 188 W parent. In addition to the emission of high-energy electrons (Eβ= 2118 keV), 188 Re also decays with emission of a gamma photon with an energy of 155 keV in 15% abundance. Besides the therapeutic usefulness of 188 Re, the emission of gamma photon is an added advantage since the biodistribution of 188 Re-labeled antibodies can be evaluated in vivo with a gamma camera. Also, rhenium has chemical properties similar to technetium. Thus, both can be conjugated to antibodies using similar chemistry methods. The objective of this work is to prove the usefulness of this radiopharmaceutical based on dosimetric studies, that are also required by the Brazilian Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). (author)

Stability of rhenium-188 labeled antibody

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim, B. K.; Jung, J. M.; Jung, J. K.; Lee, D. S.; Lee, M. C.

1999-01-01

For clinical application of beta-emitter labeled antibody, high specific activity is important. Carrier-free Re-188 from W-188/Re-188 generator is an ideal radionuclide for this purpose. However, low stability of Re-188 labeled antibody, especially in high specific activity, due to radiolytic decomposition by high energy (2.1 MeV) beta ray was problem. We studied the stability of Re-188 labeled antibody, and stabilizing effect of several nontoxic radical-quenching agents. Pre-reduced monoclonal antibody (CEA79.4) was labeled with Re-188 by incubating with generator-eluted Re-188-perrhenate in the presence of stannous tartrate for 2 hr at room temperature. Radiochemical purity of each preparation was determined by chromatography (ITLC-SG/acetone, ITLC-SG/Umezawa, Whatman No.1/saline). Human serum albumin was added to the labeled antibodies(2%). Stability of Re-188-CEA79.4 was investigated in the presence of vitamin C, ethanol, or Tween 80 as radical-quenching agents. Specific activities of 4.29∼5.11 MBq/μg were obtained. Labeling efficiencies were 88±4%(n=12). Very low stability after removal of stannous tartrate from the preparation was observed. If stored after purging with N 2 , all the preparations were stable for 10 hr. However, if contacted with air, stability decreased. Perrhenate and Re-188-tartrate was major impurity in declined preparation (12∼47 and 9∼38% each, after 10 hr). Colloid-formation was not a significant problem in all cases. Addition of vitamin C stabilized the labeled antibodies either under N 2 or under air by reducing the formation of perrhenate. High specific activity Re-188 labeled antibody is unstable, especially, in the presence of oxygen. Addition of vitamin C increased the stability

Rhenium carbene complexes and their applications; Rhenium-Carben-Komplexe und ihre Anwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hille, Claudia Heidi

2016-01-25

New pharmaceutically suitable metal complexes play an important role in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. One option concerning new radiopharmaceuticals, is the application of the rhenium isotopes {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re. Therefore, water soluble but at the same time stable complexes, which can be synthesized straightforward, are required. In this thesis, several synthetic pathways to such rhenium complexes bearing Nheterocyclic carbenes are presented and applicability tests of literature known complexes conducted. The selected target structures based on monocarbenes turned out to be inappropriate for use in radiopharmaceutical applications, due to their long reaction times and purification issues. Additionally, sterical and electronical effects of the carbene ligands concerning complex formation have been investigated. Possibilities of functionalization at different positions on the heterocycle as well as hydrophilic wingtips - to achieve a better stability in an aqueous media - have been examined to gain information about chemical and physical properties of the resulting complexes. Furthermore, experiments regarding the coordination of various biscarbene ligands, which provides besides the stable chelatisation additionally the possibility of varying the linking bridge, to rhenium(I/V) precursors, have been performed. Dioxo-bis-(1,1{sup '}-methylene-bis(3,3{sup '}-diisopropylimidazolium-2-ylidene)) rhenium(V )-hexafluorophosphate was synthesized via a transmetalation reaction of the corresponding silver carbene with ReOCl{sub 3}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2} and silver hexafluorophosphate. This complex provided the basis for the first radiolabeled {sup 188}Rhenium NHC complex later on. An enhancement of the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of potential rhenium biscarbene complexes based on modifications concerning the length and character of the bridging moiety between the chelating NHC rings as well as the nature of

Re-188 labelling of DD-3B6/22 Fab' monoclonal antibody fragment for radio immuno therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmidt, P.F.; Smith, S.V.; Bundesen, P.

1996-01-01

The chemical similarity of technetium and rhenium has created much interest in the nuclear medicine field to make a 'matched pair' of radiopharmaceuticals for radioimmuno- diagnosis and therapy. Clinical trials with the 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22 Fab' has shown promise in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The design of the analogous therapeutic agent with rhenium-188 (155 keV γ 15 % abundant, β E max 2.1 MeV, T 1/2 17 h) is under investigation. The present study describes the approach taken for direct radiolabelling of the DD-3B6/22 Fab' with carrier-free 188 Re and its biological evaluation in balb/c and nude mice. The effect of temperature, pH and antibody concentration on the amount and rate of transchelation was also evaluated. The final product had a specific activity of 35 mCi/mg with an immunoreactive fraction of 77%. Stability of the product was assessed under various conditions: temperature, presence and absence of an inert atmosphere and presence of ascorbic acid (stabilised). Pharmacokinetics of the final product was evaluated in balb/c and nude mice transplanted with both D-dimer (+Ve) and Glycine (-Ve) beads. Results show that 188 Re DD-3B6/22 Fab' clears rapidly from the blood (α = 2.4 hr, β = 3.5 hr) and is excreted through the renal system. Localisation to subcutaneous antigen beads shows specific uptake to the D-dimer (antigen) beads was achieved within 6 h (0.23% ID) and was maintained for 24 hour post injection. Specificity to antigen implants was 5:1 (P 99m Tc DD-3B6/22 Fab' in mice. The radiolabelling procedures are congenial for therapeutic levels and hence the authors believe that the 188 Re DD-3B6/22 Fab' has some potential for use in treatment of ovarian cancer

188Re-microspheres of albumin - the potential preparation for radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dyomin, D.N.; Petriev, V.M.

2000-01-01

In this paper author describe preparation the albumin microspheres labelled with rhenium-188. We undertake an attempt to develop kits to the generator of rhenium-188 on the basis of albumin microspheres for radiotherapy of both oncological and non-oncological diseases. Microspheres, rhenium-188 with sizes 1 0-20 micron for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (damage of large and intermediate joints), intraperitoneal administration and intrapleural administration at metastases covering a cavity. Microspheres, Re-188 with sizes 40-60 micron for treatment of disseminated kidney cancer (intraarterial, selectively), intratumoral administration to damaged nodules less than 2-3 cm. Microspheres, Re-188 with sizes 80-100 micron for large neoplasms and metastases of liver (intraarterial, selectively), intratumoral administration to damaged nodules with sizes over 3 cm. Preparation of albumin microspheres is carried out by thermal denaturation of protein in vegetable oil. Microspheres are obtained with the necessary range of sizes by ultrasonic fractionation. At our laboratory the method of preparation of albumin microspheres with any sizes of particles (from 5 -10 up to 800 -1000 microns) has been developed. (authors)

Role of 188Re(V)DMSA in the diagnosis and therapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a pilot study in an animal model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Learoyd, D.L.; Roach, P.J.; Snowdon, G.M.; Dadachova, K.; Moreau, A.M.; Robinson, B.G.

1999-01-01

Full text: 99 Tc m (V)DMSA has been reported to be highly sensitive in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Rhenium-188, a beta emitter, has potential for therapy of MTC. However, initial studies with 188 Re indicate high renal uptake which may interfere with potential therapeutic applications of this radiopharmaceutical. A modified radiolabelling method has been shown to reduced the renal uptake of 188 Re(V)DMSA in control animals. The aims of this study were to determine whether there is uptake of modified 188 Re(V)DMSA in nude mice injected with an MTC cell line and whether there is potential for MTC therapy. Two groups of mice were injected in the left flank (SC) with TT cell line, and in mice showing tumour growth a low-dose (400 kBq) of 188 Re(V)DMSA was injected via a tail vein 8 weeks later. Biodistribution was performed on several mice and several others were given 'therapy' injections (8 MBq) to determine whether tumour shrinkage could be objectively observed. Tracer uptake was highest in bone and kidneys but tumour uptake was relatively low. However, no new tumour growth was seen in any of the mice subsequent to therapy injections and 1 mouse showed complete remission within 5 weeks of injection. Further animal and human studies will need to be performed to determine the potential role of this modified 118 Re(V)DMSA in patients with MTC

Dosimetric evaluation of anti-CD20 labelled with {sup 188}Re

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrio, Graciela; Osso Junior, Joao A., E-mail: gracielabarrio@usp.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Radioimmunotherapy has the potential to deliver lethal radiation energy directly to malignant cells via targeting of radioisotope-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to specific antigens. B-cell lymphoma is a particularly good candidate for radioimmunotherapy because the disease is inherently radiosensitive, malignant cells in the blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymphonodes are accessible, and MAbs have been developed to B-cell surface antigens that do not shed or modulate. Rituximab (RTX), the human IgG1-type chimeric form of the parent murine antibody ibritumomab, is specifically targeted against CD20, a surface antigen expressed by pre-B and mature human B lymphocytes. The use of rhenium-188 from a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator system represents an attractive alternative radionuclide for therapy. {sup 188}Re is produced from beta decay of the {sup 188}W parent. In addition to the emission of high-energy electrons (E{beta}= 2118 keV), {sup 188}Re also decays with emission of a gamma photon with an energy of 155 keV in 15% abundance. Besides the therapeutic usefulness of {sup 188}Re, the emission of gamma photon is an added advantage since the biodistribution of {sup 188}Re-labeled antibodies can be evaluated in vivo with a gamma camera. Also, rhenium has chemical properties similar to technetium. Thus, both can be conjugated to antibodies using similar chemistry methods. The objective of this work is to prove the usefulness of this radiopharmaceutical based on dosimetric studies, that are also required by the Brazilian Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). (author)

Compartmental and dosimetric studies of anti-CD20 labeled with 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrio Kuramoto Graciela; Mie Nakamura Matsuda Margareth; Osso Joao Jr, Alberto

2016-01-01

Radioimmunotherapy has the potential to deliver lethal radiation energy directly to malignant cells via targeting of radioisotope-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to specific antigens. Rituximab (RTX) is specifically targeted against CD20, a surface antigen expressed by B-lymphocytes. The use of 188 Re from a 188 W/ 188 Re generator system represents an alternative radionuclide for therapy. Rhenium has chemical properties similar to technetium and both can be conjugated to antibodies using similar chemistry methods. The objective of this work is to prove the usefulness of this radiopharmaceutical based on dosimetric and pharmacokinetic studies that are also required by the Brazilian Regulatory Agency. (author)

In-house Preparation of 188W/188Re Generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sriwiang, Wiranee; Minsakorn, Napharat; Wardwilai, Charudej; Yindirum, Chareon; Sangsuriyan, Jatupol

2007-08-01

Full text: Low activity 188W/188Re generators were developed for the purpose of routinely supplying rhenium-188 for laboratory experiments and research works. Chromatography technology was applied in the construction of the generators. The chromatography columns containing 1.74 g alumina (Al2O3) were housed in plastic (PE) shielding inside the 30mm thick lead shield. Three generators were loaded with three different 188W activities; 25mCi (RG1), 25 mCi (RG2) and 50 mCi (RG3). Generator performances were determined in terms of elution yields, radiochemical purity, Al-breakthrough, 188W-breakthrough, and radionuclidic purity of the eluted products. These generators can be used for more than 6 months with average elution yields greater than 90 %. Radiochemical purity of 188ReO4- was high (> 99.7 % by ITLC), low level of 188W -breakthrough and low contamination of 192Ir and 191Os. There were only less than 1 ppm of 186W carrier and less than 3 ppm of Al-breakthrough. Key words: 188W/188Re, Generator, 188Re, Radionuclide

Production of {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re, and synthesis of {sup 188}Re-DTPA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Motoishi, Shoji; Kobayashi, Katsutoshi; Izumo, Mishiroku [Department of Radioisotopes, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Musdja, Muhammad Yanis

1999-08-01

Production of radioactive rhenium isotopes {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re, and synthesis of {sup 188}Re-DTPA have been studied. For {sup 186}Re, a production method by the {sup 185}Re(n, {gamma}) {sup 186}Re reaction in a reactor has been established. For {sup 188}Re, a production method by the double neuron capture reaction of {sup 186}W, which produces a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator, has been established. For synthesis of {sup 188}Re-DTPA, the optimum conditions, including pH, the amounts of regents and so on, have been determined. (author)

Do the benefits of iodine-131 lipiodol therapy for HCC outweigh the radiation safety issues?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitchener, M.I.; Barnden, L.R.

2005-01-01

Introduction: lodine-131 Lipiodol is a well recognised palliative treatment option for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unsuitable for surgical resection/transplantation. However, the biological and physical half-life of lodine-131 Lipiodol in this situation has significant implications for radiation protection. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the practical radiation issues and treatment efficacy. 22 patients were referred for assessment and 12 received Lipiodol therapy, 5 having multiple doses. Administered doses ranged from 1.0-2.2 GBq. Results: Patients were hospitalised between 4 and 8 days, with discharge rates ranging between 16 and 61uSv/hr at 1 metre. The shorter hospital stays and highest discharge rates related to 2 patients (multiple doses) who had difficulty tolerating the in-hospital isolation. Only 4 patients had discharge rates < 25uSv/hr at 1 metre. 2 with reduced doses. Special exemption was required from the State Radiation Protection Branch (RPB) to allow early discharge. Patients were given a radiation precaution sheet on discharge (as per the FMC program) and asked to observe the restrictions including not returning to work for 14-24 days and avoiding close contact with young children for 25-44 days post-discharge. The measured radiation dose for a patient's spouse/carer was < lOOuSv on 2 occasions. The mean exposure for nurses per patient admission was 9.1 uSv. The TLD readings for the Interventional Radiologist and treating Nuclear Physician remained well within acceptable levels. 4 of the 12 patients have died at a mean of 16.25 months (range 13-20 months) after their first dose of lodine-131 Lipiodol. Of the other 7, 3 now have progressive disease but are alive 18, 36 and 41 months following their first dose. 4 are less than 12 months post-therapy. With the co-operation of the State RPB. the issues relating to radiation protection are manageable and these patients do receive a therapeutic benefit

Radianttrademark Liquid Radioisotope Intravascular Radiation Therapy System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eigler, N.; Whiting, J.; Chernomorsky, A.; Jackson, J.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Litvack, F.

1998-01-01

RADIANTtrademark is manufactured by United States Surgical Corporation, Vascular Therapies Division, (formerly Progressive Angioplasty Systems). The system comprises a liquid β-radiation source, a shielded isolation/transfer device (ISAT), modified over-the-wire or rapid exchange delivery balloons, and accessory kits. The liquid β-source is Rhenium-188 in the form of sodium perrhenate (NaReO 4 ), Rhenium-188 is primarily a β-emitter with a physical half-life of 17.0 hours. The maximum energy of the β-particles is 2.1 MeV. The source is produced daily in the nuclear pharmacy hot lab by eluting a Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 generator manufactured by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Using anion exchange columns and Millipore filters the effluent is concentrated to approximately 100 mCi/ml, calibrated, and loaded into the (ISAT) which is subsequently transported to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The delivery catheters are modified Championtrademark over-the-wire, and TNTtrademark rapid exchange stent delivery balloons. These balloons have thickened polyethylene walls to augment puncture resistance; dual radio-opaque markers and specially configured connectors

Radiant{trademark} Liquid Radioisotope Intravascular Radiation Therapy System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eigler, N.; Whiting, J.; Chernomorsky, A.; Jackson, J.; Knapp, F.F., Jr.; Litvack, F.

1998-01-16

RADIANT{trademark} is manufactured by United States Surgical Corporation, Vascular Therapies Division, (formerly Progressive Angioplasty Systems). The system comprises a liquid {beta}-radiation source, a shielded isolation/transfer device (ISAT), modified over-the-wire or rapid exchange delivery balloons, and accessory kits. The liquid {beta}-source is Rhenium-188 in the form of sodium perrhenate (NaReO{sub 4}), Rhenium-188 is primarily a {beta}-emitter with a physical half-life of 17.0 hours. The maximum energy of the {beta}-particles is 2.1 MeV. The source is produced daily in the nuclear pharmacy hot lab by eluting a Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 generator manufactured by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Using anion exchange columns and Millipore filters the effluent is concentrated to approximately 100 mCi/ml, calibrated, and loaded into the (ISAT) which is subsequently transported to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The delivery catheters are modified Champion{trademark} over-the-wire, and TNT{trademark} rapid exchange stent delivery balloons. These balloons have thickened polyethylene walls to augment puncture resistance; dual radio-opaque markers and specially configured connectors.

Embolization therapy of uterine fibroids by using pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion or polyvinyl alcohol particles: a clinical comparative study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Dazhong; Yin Jianlin; Liu Hairi; Zhang Fuqiang; Huang Hai; Gu Youmei

2010-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolization of uterine fibroids by using pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion or polyvinyl alcohol particles as embolismic materials. Methods: Seventy-three patients with uterine fibroids were divided into two groups. Patients in group A (29 cases) were treated with pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion as embolismic materials, while patients in group B (44 cases) with polyvinyl alcohol particles (with a diameter of 300-700 μm) as embolismic materials. Embolization therapy of uterine fibroids was performed in all patients. The uterus volume, the size of uterine fibroid and sex hormone level both before and after the treatment were estimated and the results were compared between two groups. The occurrence of complications was observed. Results: The technical success of catheterization and embolization was 100% in both groups. After the therapy,both the uterus volume and the uterine fibroid size decreased significantly, but no significant difference in the size reduction existed between the two groups (P>0.05). The clinical symptoms showed a marked improvement in all patients, while the sex hormone level showed no obvious changes. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion: In treating uterine fibroids with embolization technique, both pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol particles are safe and effective embolismic materials. However, use of polyvinyl alcohol particles may be safer than pingyangmycin, as pingyangmycin is a kind of chemotherapeutic drugs, which might potentially cause some short-term or long-term complications. (authors)

Therapeutic efficacy and dosimetric aspects of Rhenium-188-HEDP in bone pain palliation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liepe, Knut

2005-01-01

Full text: Bone metastases are a frequent complication of cancer, occurring in up 70% of patients suffering from advanced breast or prostate cancer and often present with severe bone pain. In this purpose the radionuclide therapy is a useful option for cancer patients. Different radionuclides are described, such as 89 Sr, 32 P, 153 Sm-EDTMP, 186 Re-HEDP, 131 I-BDP3, 90 Y, 117mSn-DTPA, 188 Re-HEDP and 188 Re-DMSA. The most experiences are available for 89 Sr. An indication for the treatment are patients with osteoblastic metastases, bone pain, sufficient bone marrow function and at least of three bone metastases visualized in bone scan. A bisphosphonate therapy, a chemotherapy with lower bone marrow toxicity or a local field external beam radiotherapy represent no contraindications, especially because the reported synergistic effects to the systemic radionuclide therapy. In 33 treated patients (breast and prostate cancer) we investigated the effect of 188 Re-HEDP on pain relief, analgesic intake and impairment of bone marrow function. There were an improvement on the Karnofsky performance scale from 74 7% to 85 9% 12 weeks after therapy (p= 0.001). The pain score showed a maximum decrease from 44 ± 18% to 27 ± 20% in the 3rd to the 8th week after therapy (p = .009) and 76% had a pain relief (20% were pain free). The maximal differences between the values of platelets and leukocytes before and after therapy were not statistically significant (p = 0.021 and p = 0.094). In 105 investigated patients treated with different radionuclides ( 89 Sr, 153 Sm-EDTMP, 186 Re-HEDP, 188 Re-HEDP and 89 Sr in combination with chemotherapy) no different therapeutic efficacy of the treatments were observed. In dose calculation of 188 Re-HEDP a radiation dose of 3.83 ± 2.01 mGy/MBq (12.6 Gy for 3300 MBq) for bone metastases and 0.61 ± 0.21 mGy/MBq (2 Gy for 3300 MBq) were found. With the introducing of radionuclide treatments with chemotherapy and repeated treatments, the

Bone uptake by di and tetraphosphonates labeled with Rhenium-188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faintuch, B.L.; Osso, J.A. Jr.; Muramoto, E.; Faintuch, S.

2002-01-01

MDP (methylenediphosphonate) and HEDP (hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate), both diphosphonates, and EDTMP (ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid) a tetraphosphonate ligand, have been labeled with 188 Re for use in metastatic bone-pain palliation. The aim of this study was a comparison between the three complexes 188 Re-MDP, 188 Re-HEDP and 188 Re-EDTMP concerning the complexation conditions, in order to achieve maximum yield, stability and bone uptake. Methods: MDP was dissolved in water and HEDP and EDTMP were dissolved in NaOH 1N followed by decreasing pH with HCl 1N. To all mixtures stannous chloride and 188 ReO 4 were added in a nitrogen atmosphere. The preparations were heated in a boiling water bath for 15 min. The yields as well as the radiochemical stability were estimated by ITLC. Different concentrations of phosphonates and stannous chloride were evaluated. Biodistribution studies in swiss mice were done for the three 188 Re-phosphonates that presented the best radiochemical yield. Results: For 188 Re-MDP and 188 Re-HEDP the optimal ligand concentration for maximum complexation was 30 mg whereas for 188 Re-EDTMP, it was 40 mg. The best amount of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O was 2 mg/mL for MDP, 3 mg/mL for HEDP and 1 mg/mL for EDTMP. In these conditions the three complexes showed a complexation yield above 95%. All of them presented 4-hour radiochemical stability without the need for ascorbic acid solution, but for 24 hours this stability existed only in the presence of that substance otherwise re-oxidation of 188 Re occurred. All products showed a great uptake by the kidneys. 188 Re-EDTMP had the greatest uptake by the bone (3.13 ± 0.18% ID/g) followed by 188 Re-MDP (1.18 ± 0.05%ID/g) and 188 Re-HEDP (1.03 ± 0.12 %ID/g), 4 hour postinjection. 188 Re-EDTMP displayed a bone/muscle ratio of 28.5, 188 Re-MDP 4.9 and 188 Re-HEDP 4.9. Conclusion: 188 Re-EDTMP demonstrated the best potential as a radiopharmaceutical for bone cancer pain relief, encouraging further

Preparation of a radioactive boron compound (B-I-131-lipiodol) for neutron capture therapy of hepatoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chou, F.I.; Chung, H.P.; Chung, R.J.; Wen, H.W.; Wei, Y.Y.; Kai, J.J.; Lui, W.Y.; Chi, C.W.

2000-01-01

In our research, a radioactive boron compound, B-I-131-lipiodol, that can be selectively retained in hepatoma cells was prepared. Combining the effect of α particles produced by boron neutron capture reaction with the β particles released by radionuclides in the radioactive boron compounds will produce a synergistic killing effect on cancer cells. Human hepatoma HepG2 cell cultures were used to examine the stability and the intracellular distribution of the radioactive boron drug. Microscopes were used to examine the interaction and retention of B-I-131-lipiodol globules in the individual hepatoma cell. Moreover, ICP-AES and NaI scintillation counter were performed to determine boron concentrations and I-131 radioactivity, respectively. Results showed that B-I-131-lipiodol with a boron concentration and a specific radioactivity ranged from 500-2000 ppm and 0.05-10 mCi/mL respectively was stably retained in serum. The radiochemical purity of B-I-131-lipiodol was 98%. After supplement with a medium containing B-I-131-lipiodol, the HepG2 cells had intracellular B-I-131-lipiodol globules in the cytoplasm as seen by inverted light microscope, the I-131 and boron can be stably retained in HepG2 cells. (author)

Separation of Rhenium (VII) from Tungsten (VI)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vucina, J.; Lukic, D.; Stoiljkovic, M.; Milosevic, M.; Orlic, M.

2004-01-01

Examined were the conditions for an effective separation of tungsten (VI) and rhenium (VII) on alumina if the solution of 0.20 mol dm -3 NaCl, ph=2.6 is used as the aqueous phase. Under the given experimental conditions alumina was found to be much better adsorbent for tungsten than for rhenium. The breakthrough and saturation capacities of alumina at pH=2 are 24 and 78 mg W/g Al 2 O 3 , respectively. With the increase of pH these values decrease. So, at pH=6 they are only 4 and 13 mg W/g Al 2 O 3 respectively. The elution volume for rhenium for the given column dimensions and quantity of the adsorbent is about 16 ml. These results were confirmed by the experiments of the radiological separations. Tungsten-187 remains firmly bound to the alumina. The radionuclide purity of the eluted 186'188 Re at pH=2 is very high. (authors)

Rhenium

Science.gov (United States)

John, David A.; Seal, Robert R.; Polyak, Désirée E.; Schulz, Klaus J.; DeYoung,, John H.; Seal, Robert R.; Bradley, Dwight C.

2017-12-19

Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in Earth’s continental crust; its estimated average crustal abundance is less than 1 part per billion. Rhenium is a metal that has an extremely high melting point and a heat-stable crystalline structure. More than 80 percent of the rhenium consumed in the world is used in high-temperature superalloys, especially those used to make turbine blades for jet aircraft engines. Rhenium’s other major application is in platinum-rhenium catalysts used in petroleum refining.Rhenium rarely occurs as a native element or as its own sulfide mineral; most rhenium is present as a substitute for molybdenum in molybdenite. Annual world mine production of rhenium is about 50 metric tons. Nearly all primary rhenium production (that is, rhenium produced by mining rather than through recycling) is as a byproduct of copper mining, and about 80 percent of the rhenium obtained through mining is recovered from the flue dust produced during the roasting of molybdenite concentrates from porphyry copper deposits. Molybdenite in porphyry copper deposits can contain hundreds to several thousand grams per metric ton of rhenium, although the estimated rhenium grades of these deposits range from less than 0.1 gram per metric ton to about 0.6 gram per metric ton.Continental-arc porphyry copper-(molybdenum-gold) deposits supply most of the world’s rhenium production and have large inferred rhenium resources. Porphyry copper mines in Chile account for about 55 percent of the world’s mine production of rhenium; rhenium is also recovered from porphyry copper deposits in the United States, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Sediment-hosted strata-bound copper deposits in Kazakhstan (of the sandstone type) and in Poland (of the reduced-facies, or Kupferschiefer, type) account for most other rhenium produced by mining. These types of deposits also have large amounts of identified rhenium resources. The future supply of rhenium is likely

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of 99mTc and 188Re Peptides

Science.gov (United States)

Sanders, Vanessa

Radiopharmaceuticals are very powerful diagnostic tools for evaluation of a host of medical conditions. These drugs are labeled with radioactive isotopes, which are utilized to create pictures of areas of interest through absorption of the drug. They are currently in high demand due to their ability to image areas that traditional imaging devices cannot. The radioisotope 99mTc, with a half-life of 6.01 hours and a 140 keV gamma emission, is central to many radiopharmaceutical compounds. This isotope is easily obtained from a 99Mo-99mTc generator, through beta decay and column chromatography separations. Very little technetium, less than 6 ng, is needed to label the pharmaceuticals for use in-vivo. Another radioisotope 188Re is also important due to its ability to be used for therapy while being tracked throughout the body. Radiotherapy gives radiopharmaceuticals a huge advantage by their ability to destroy rapidly growing cells. One of the main reasons there is interest in rhenium pharmaceuticals is the chemical similarity between it and technetium. The 188Re isotope also has a considerably short half-life of approximately 17 hours and has emission energy of 155 keV. The 188Re isotope is separated from 188W-188Re generator, analogously to the 99Mo-99mTc generator. The ligand used in this work is a pentapepetide macrocyclic ligand. This ligand, KYCAR (lysyl-tyrosyl-cystyl-alanyl-arginine), has been designed as a potential chelating ligand for imaging and therapeutic in vivo agents. Ligands are chosen based on their in-situ biological behavior, and are used in the complexation with technetium and rhenium. Understanding and exploiting technetium and rhenium chemistry can provide insight into the reaction mechanisms and coordination chemistry of these compounds. The exploration of various oxidation states as a function of the ligands used and the reaction conditions can help develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The investigations of the manipulation of oxidation states

Determination coefficient distribution rhenium and tungsten using method extraction with solvent methyl ethyl ketone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riftanio Natapratama Hidayat; Maria Christina Prihatiningsih; Duyeh Setiawan

2015-01-01

Determination of the distribution coefficient (K d ) of the rhenium and tungsten conducted for the purpose of knowing the value of K d of the two elements. K d value determination is applied to the process of separation rhenium-188 from target of tungsten-188 for the purposes purification of radioisotopes that are made to meet the radionuclide and radiochemical purity. The K d value determination using solvent extraction with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Prior to the determination of K d values, determined beforehand the optimum conditions of extraction process based on the effect of agitation time, the volume of MEK, and the pH of the solution. Confirmation the results of the extraction was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a complexing KSCN under acidic conditions and reductant SnCl 2 . The results showed that the optimum condition extraction process to feed each of 10 ppm is when the agitation for 10 minutes, the volume of MEK in 20 ml, and the pH below 5. Obtained the maximum recovery of rhenium are drawn to the organic phase as much as 9.545 ppm. However, the condition of the extraction process does not affect the migration of tungsten to the organic phase. Then the maximum K d values obtained at 2.7566 rhenium and tungsten maximum K d is 0.0873. Optimum conditions of extraction process can be further tested on radioactive rhenium and tungsten as an alternative to the separation of radioisotopes. (author)

Rhenium-188 as an alternative to Iodine-131 for treatment of breast tumors expressing the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dadachova, E.; Bouzahzah, B.; Zuckier, L.S.; Pestell, R.G.

2002-01-01

The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), which transports iodine into the cell, is expressed in thyroid tissue and was recently found to be expressed in approximately 80% of human breast cancers but not in healthy breast tissue. These findings raised the possibility that therapeutics targeting uptake by NIS may be used for breast cancer treatment. To increase the efficacy of such therapy it would be ideal to identify a radioactive therapy with enhanced local emission. The feasibility of using the powerful beta-emitting radiometal 188 Re in the form of 188 Re-perrhenate was therefore compared with 131 I for treatment of NIS-expressing mammary tumors. In the current studies, using a xenografted breast cancer model induced by the ErbB2 oncogene in nude mice, 188 Re-perrhenate exhibited NIS-dependent uptake into the mammary tumor. Dosimetry calculations in the mammary tumor demonstrate that 188 Re-perrhenate is able to deliver a dose 4.5 times higher than 131 I suggesting it may provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy

Radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with Re-188 for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: radiochemical control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Carla R.; Osso Junior, Joao A.

2009-01-01

The development of tumor-selective radiopharmaceuticals is clinically desirable as a means of detecting or confirming the presence and location of primary and metastatic lesions and monitoring tumor response to (chemo)therapy. In addition, the application of targeted radiotherapeutics provides a unique and effective modality for direct tumor treatment. In this manner the radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses the targeting features of monoclonal antibody to deliver radiation from an attached radionuclide. Antibody therapy directed against the CD20 antigen on the surface of B-cells is considered one of the first successful target-specific therapies in oncology. The radionuclide rhenium-188 ( 188 Re) is currently produced from the father nuclide tungsten-188 ( 188 W) through a transportable generator system. Because of its easy availability and suitable nuclear properties (EβMAX = 2.1 MeV, t 1/2 = 16.9 h, Eγ = 155 keV), this radionuclide is considered an attractive candidate for application as therapeutic agent and could be conveniently utilized for imaging and dosimetric purposes. The purpose of this work is to show the radiochemical control of the optimized formulation (solution) and lyophilized formulation (kit) of labeled rituximab (anti-CD20) with 188 Re. Rituximab was reduced by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol at room temperature. The number of resulting free sulfhydryl groups was assayed with Ellman's reagent. Radiochemical purity of 188 Re-rituximab was evaluated using instant thin layer chromatography-silica gel (ITLC-SG). Quality control methods for evaluation of radiochemical purity showed good labeling yield of the antibody. (author)

Concentration of 188Re-Perrhenate for Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bokhari, T.H.; Hina, S.; Ahmad, M.; Iqbal, M.

2013-01-01

Summary: Rhenium-188 (T1/2=16.9h) has great potential for a variety of therapeutic applications, including radionuclide synovectomy, oncology and bone pain palliation. The radioactive concentration of 188Re is dependent upon the specific activity of 188W, which dictates the bed size of the alumina/gel column. Due to the high content of inactive tungsten in neutron irradiated WO3, large columns containing aluminum oxide or gel are needed to prepare to double neutron capture based 188W/188Re generators that results in large elution volumes containing relatively high188W contents and low concentrations of /sup 188/ ReO/sub 4/ This decrease in specific volume of 188ReO/sub 4/ places a limitation because a high radioactive concentration of 188ReO4 - is always needed for filling angioplasty balloons or other therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals like188Re -EHDP 188Re -EDTMP, 188Re - MAG3 and 188Re -DTPA. We report post elution concentration of 188ReO4 - using in- house prepared lead cation exchange and alumina columns. Using these columns high bolus volume (10 mL saline) of 188ReO4 - can conveniently be concentrated in 1 mL of physiological saline for therapeutic use. (author)

Labelling of Re-ABP with 188Re for bone pain palliation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Pedraza-Lopez, Martha; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Croft, B.Y.Barbara Y.; Ramirez, Flor de Maria; Padilla, Juan

2001-01-01

Etidronate and medronate have been labelled with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc-HEDP, 99m Tc-MDP) for bone scanning and, with rhenium-188 ( 188 Re-HEDP) to palliate the pain resulting from bone metastases. The objective of this study was to label alendronate, ABP, a new bisphosphonate, with SnF 2 -reduced- 188 Re. The reagents for the 5 mg ABP kit were SnF 2 , KReO 4 and gentisic acid at acid pH. The chemical, spectroscopic and microscopic characteristics, quality control, rat bone uptake of [ 188 Re]Re-ABP and similarities with 99m Tc-ABP are presented. We conclude that this is a promising new radiopharmaceutical for bone metastases pain palliation

Biokinetic and dosimetric studies of 188Re-hyaluronic acid: a new radiopharmaceutical for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Nadali, Anna; Zangoni, Elena; Banzato, Alessandra; Rondina, Maria; Rosato, Antonio; Mazzi, Ulderico

2009-01-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and has very limited therapeutic options. Recently, it has been found that hyaluronic acid (HA) shows selective binding to CD44 receptors expressed in most cancer histotypes. Since the trend in cancer treatment is the use of targeted radionuclide therapy, the aim of this research was to label HA with rhenium-188 and to evaluate its potential use as a hepatocarcinoma therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. Methods: 188 Re-HA was prepared by a direct labelling method to produce a ReO(O-COO) 2 -type coordination complex. 188 Re-HA protein binding and its stability in saline, phosphate buffer, human serum and cysteine solutions were determined. Biokinetic and dosimetric data were estimated in healthy mice (n=60) using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose methodology and mouse model beta-absorbed fractions. To evaluate liver toxicity, alanine aminotranferase (AST) and aspartate aminotranferase (ALT) levels in mice were assessed and the liver maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 188 Re-HA was determined. Results: A stable complex of 188 Re-HA was obtained with high radiochemical purity (>90%) and low serum protein binding (2%). Biokinetic studies showed a rapid blood clearance (T 1/2 α=21 min). Four hours after administration, 188 Re-HA was almost totally removed from the blood by the liver due to the selective uptake via HA-specific receptors (73.47±5.11% of the injected dose). The liver MTD in mice was ∼40 Gy after 7.4 MBq of 188 Re-HA injection. Conclusions: 188 Re-HA complex showed good stability, pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics that confirm its potential as a new agent for HCC radiation therapy.

Treatment of Liver Tumors with Lipiodol TACE: Technical Recommendations from Experts Opinion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baere, Thierry de, E-mail: thierry.debaere@gustaveroussy.fr [Gustave Roussy, Department of Interventional Radiology (France); Arai, Yasuaki, E-mail: arai-y3111@mvh.biglobe.ne.jp [National Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Japan); Lencioni, Riccardo, E-mail: riccardo.lencioni@med.unipi.it [Pisa University School of Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention (R.L.) (Italy); Geschwind, Jean-Francois, E-mail: jfg@jhmi.edu [The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (United States); Rilling, William, E-mail: wrilling@mcw.edu [Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Rm2803 (United States); Salem, Riad, E-mail: r-salem@northwestern.edu [Northwestern University, Department of Radiology (United States); Matsui, Osamu, E-mail: matsuio@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp [Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Advanced Medical Imaging (Japan); Soulen, Michael C., E-mail: michael.soulen@uphs.upenn.edu [University of Pennsylvania, Division of Interventional Radiology (MCS) (United States)

2016-03-15

Transarterial chemoembolization with Lipiodol (Lipiodol TACE), also called conventional TACE, was developed in the early 1980s and widely adopted worldwide after randomized control trials and meta-analysis demonstrated superiority of Lipiodol TACE to best supportive care. Presently, there is no level one evidence that other TACE techniques are superior to Lipiodol TACE for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which includes patients with preserved liver function and nonsurgical large or multinodular HCC without distant metastases. In addition, TACE is part of the treatment for progressive or symptomatic liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. When injected into the hepatic artery, Lipiodol has the unique property of selective uptake and retention in hyperarterialyzed liver tumors. Lipiodol/drug emulsion followed by particle embolization has been demonstrated to improve the pharmacokinetic of the drug and tumor response. Radio opacity of Lipiodol helps to monitor treatment delivery, with retention of Lipiodol serving as an imaging biomarker for tumor response. For 30 years, Lipiodol TACE has been inconsistently referenced in many publications with various levels of details for the method of preparation and administration, with reported progressive outcomes following improvements in the technique and the devices used to deliver the treatment and better patient selection. Consequently, there is no consensus on the standard method of TACE regarding the use of anticancer agents, embolic material, technical details, and the treatment schedule. In order to develop an internationally validated technical recommendation to standardize the Lipiodol TACE procedure, a worldwide panel of experts participated in a consensus meeting held on May 10, 2014.

Improvement of A.E.S System, using a 188Re-radiolabeled hapten

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morandeau, L.

2002-01-01

Full text: Feasibility of two-step radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of cancer by the Affinity Enhancement System (AES) has been demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies. This technique, associating a bispecific antibody (BsAb) and a radiolabeled bivalent peptide, reduces toxicity and improves therapeutic efficacy of the treatment compared to the one step targeting method. The formation of a cyclic complex (antigen-BsAb- hapten-BsAb-antigen) observed on the tumor allows good tumoral fixation. This is associated with low non-specific uptake, due to the fast clearance of the hapten from the organism. Iodine 131, used currently in clinical applications, has however several disadvantages. These include the mean energy of □ . particles, strong y emission and long physical half-life. Rhenium-188 is the radionuclide of choice to replace iodine-131; its low cost, its availability from a W-188/Re-188 generator and its very favorable radiophysical properties (t 1/2 =16.9h; E□=2.118 MeV; Ey (15%)=155keV) make it a very interesting radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy applications. Unlike the case of iodine-131, the radiolabelling of the peptide by rhenium-188 requires the preliminary coupling of a bifunctional chelating agent. This ensures the formation of an in vivo stable complex with the radionuclide. The object of this post-doctoral project is to obtain a rhenium-188 radiolabeled bivalent hapten. To do this, a monovalent hapten will be coupled to a chelating agent that involves two or three patterns to complex the radionuclide, leading to a bivalent or trivalent radiolabeled hapten, suitable for applications in A.E.S. system. The monovalent hapten used, called HSGL (histaminosuccinylglycyllysine) is a small heteropeptide composed of a chain of four molecules which are histamine, succinic acid, glycine, lysine. It is recognised by the antibody anti-HSG. Two kinds of chelating agents, dithiocarbamates and dithiobenzoates will be studied. They have been synthesised at

Biokinetic and dosimetric studies of {sup 188}Re-hyaluronic acid: a new radiopharmaceutical for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melendez-Alafort, Laura [Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua (Italy); Nadali, Anna; Zangoni, Elena [Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua (Italy); Banzato, Alessandra; Rondina, Maria [Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padua (Italy); Rosato, Antonio [Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padua (Italy); Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV, Padova, Padua (Italy); Mazzi, Ulderico [Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua (Italy)

2009-08-15

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and has very limited therapeutic options. Recently, it has been found that hyaluronic acid (HA) shows selective binding to CD44 receptors expressed in most cancer histotypes. Since the trend in cancer treatment is the use of targeted radionuclide therapy, the aim of this research was to label HA with rhenium-188 and to evaluate its potential use as a hepatocarcinoma therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. Methods: {sup 188}Re-HA was prepared by a direct labelling method to produce a ReO(O-COO){sub 2}-type coordination complex. {sup 188}Re-HA protein binding and its stability in saline, phosphate buffer, human serum and cysteine solutions were determined. Biokinetic and dosimetric data were estimated in healthy mice (n=60) using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose methodology and mouse model beta-absorbed fractions. To evaluate liver toxicity, alanine aminotranferase (AST) and aspartate aminotranferase (ALT) levels in mice were assessed and the liver maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of {sup 188}Re-HA was determined. Results: A stable complex of {sup 188}Re-HA was obtained with high radiochemical purity (>90%) and low serum protein binding (2%). Biokinetic studies showed a rapid blood clearance (T{sub 1/2}{alpha}=21 min). Four hours after administration, {sup 188}Re-HA was almost totally removed from the blood by the liver due to the selective uptake via HA-specific receptors (73.47{+-}5.11% of the injected dose). The liver MTD in mice was {approx}40 Gy after 7.4 MBq of {sup 188}Re-HA injection. Conclusions: {sup 188}Re-HA complex showed good stability, pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics that confirm its potential as a new agent for HCC radiation therapy.

Comparative studies of antibody anti-CD20 labeled with 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Carla Roberta de Barros Rodrigues

2010-01-01

Nuclear Medicine is an unique and important modality in oncology and the development of new tumor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for both diagnosis and therapy is an area of interest for researchers. Rituximab (RTX) is a quimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) (IgG 1) that specifically binds to CD20 antigen with high affinity and has been successfully used for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) of cell B. The CD20 antigen is expressed over more than 90% of cell B NHL. Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) and rhenium-188 ( 188 Re) are an attractive radionuclide pair for clinical use due to their favorable decay properties for diagnosis ( 99m Tc: T 1/2 = 6 h, γ radiation = 140 keV) and therapy ( 188 Re: T 1/2 = 17 h, maximum β energy = 2.12 MeV) and to their availability in the form of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc and 188 W/ 188 Re generators. The radionuclides can be conjugated to mAb using similar chemical procedures. The aim of this work was to study the labeling of anti-CD20 mAb (RTX) with 188 Re using two techniques: the direct labeling method [ 188 Re(V)] and the labeling method via the carbonyl nucleus [ 188 Re(I)]. Besides the quality control, the radiolabeled mAb was submitted to in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo biological studies. For the direct labeling, RTX was reducing by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol for generating sulphydryl groups (-SH) and further labeled with 188 Re(V), in a study of several parameters in order to reach an optimized formulation. The labeling via the carbonyl nucleus both 99 mTc and 188 Re were employed through 2 different procedures: (1) labeling of intact RTX with 99 mTc(I) and (2) reduced RTX (RTX red ) labeled with 99 mTc(I)/ 188 Re(I). Also a parameter study was performed to obtain an optimized formulation. The quality control method for evaluating the radiochemical purity showed a good labeling yield (93%) for the direct method. The labeling method via carbonyl group, the results showed that the - SH groups of RTX red are a possible way of labeling

Country report: Italy (Duatti). Development of a Kit Formulation for Labeling Biotin-Derived Ligands with the Re-188 Nitrido Core

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pasquali, M.; Boschi, A.; Uccelli, L.; Duatti, A. [Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara (Italy); Janevik-Ivanovska, E. [University of Stip (Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of)

2010-07-01

Within the scope of this CRP, we developed a series of small-molecule biotinylated Re-188 complexes containing the [{sup 188}Re≡N]{sup 2+} core. These complexes have been prepared using different chemical strategies, but all of them incorporate a biologically active biotin group. The main interest for this effort was brought to us after the introduction by Paganelli et al. of a new approach for the treatment of residual malignant cells after surgical removal of a primary breast tumour, and dubbed IART (Intraoperative Avidination for Radionuclide Therapy) [1]. Since now, the IART approach has been applied using {sup 90}Y as therapeutic radionuclide and a DOTA-functionalized biotin ligand for coordination to the radiometal. A major drawback for using {sup 90}Y as a therapeutic radionuclide comes from the absence of any radioactive decay, associated with the main β-emission, that may allow imaging of the actual biodistribution of injected radioactivity in any individual patient. Other therapeutic radionuclides, such as {sup 177}Lu and {sup 188}Re, possess an additional γ emission that easily allows imaging of target’s uptake, and could be conveniently utilized to monitor the course of therapy. In particular, {sup 188}Re emits a β- particle having almost the same energy as that emitted by {sup 90}Y, but with an associated 155-keV γ-emission that can be efficiently employed for imaging the biodistribution of the injected radiocompound. Considering also that {sup 188}Re is produced through a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re transportable generator system, and that deep similarities between the chemistry of congener rhenium and technetium usually allow {sup 99m}Tc compounds to be used for a preliminary evaluation of the biodistribution of the analogous {sup 188}Re compounds, this makes {sup 188}Re as an interesting candidate for application to the IART approach.

Country report: Italy (Duatti). Development of a Kit Formulation for Labeling Biotin-Derived Ligands with the Re-188 Nitrido Core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pasquali, M.; Boschi, A.; Uccelli, L.; Duatti, A.; Janevik-Ivanovska, E.

2010-01-01

Within the scope of this CRP, we developed a series of small-molecule biotinylated Re-188 complexes containing the [ 188 Re≡N] 2+ core. These complexes have been prepared using different chemical strategies, but all of them incorporate a biologically active biotin group. The main interest for this effort was brought to us after the introduction by Paganelli et al. of a new approach for the treatment of residual malignant cells after surgical removal of a primary breast tumour, and dubbed IART (Intraoperative Avidination for Radionuclide Therapy) [1]. Since now, the IART approach has been applied using 90 Y as therapeutic radionuclide and a DOTA-functionalized biotin ligand for coordination to the radiometal. A major drawback for using 90 Y as a therapeutic radionuclide comes from the absence of any radioactive decay, associated with the main β-emission, that may allow imaging of the actual biodistribution of injected radioactivity in any individual patient. Other therapeutic radionuclides, such as 177 Lu and 188 Re, possess an additional γ emission that easily allows imaging of target’s uptake, and could be conveniently utilized to monitor the course of therapy. In particular, 188 Re emits a β- particle having almost the same energy as that emitted by 90 Y, but with an associated 155-keV γ-emission that can be efficiently employed for imaging the biodistribution of the injected radiocompound. Considering also that 188 Re is produced through a 188 W/ 188 Re transportable generator system, and that deep similarities between the chemistry of congener rhenium and technetium usually allow 99m Tc compounds to be used for a preliminary evaluation of the biodistribution of the analogous 188 Re compounds, this makes 188 Re as an interesting candidate for application to the IART approach

Targeting cancer chemotherapeutic agents by use of lipiodol contrast medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konno, T.

1990-01-01

Arterially administered Lipiodol Ultrafluid contrast medium selectively remained in various malignant solid tumors because of the difference in time required for the removal of Lipiodol contrast medium from normal capillaries and tumor neovasculature. Although blood flow was maintained in the tumor, even immediately after injection Lipiodol contrast medium remained in the neovasculature of the tumor. To target anti-cancer agents to tumors by using Lipiodol contrast medium as a carrier, the characteristics of the agents were examined. Anti-cancer agents had to be soluble in Lipiodol, be stable in it, and separate gradually from it so that the anti-cancer agents would selectively remain in the tumor. These conditions were found to be necessary on the basis of the measurement of radioactivity in VX2 tumors implanted in the liver of 16 rabbits that received arterial injections of 14C-labeled doxorubicin. Antitumor activities and side effects of arterial injections of two types of anti-cancer agents were compared in 76 rabbits with VX2 tumors. Oily anti-cancer agents that had characteristics essential for targeting were compared with simple mixtures of anti-cancer agents with Lipiodol contrast medium that did not have these essential characteristics. Groups of rabbits that received oily anti-cancer agents responded significantly better than groups that received simple mixtures, and side effects were observed more frequently in the groups that received the simple mixtures. These results suggest that targeting of the anti-cancer agent to the tumor is important for treatment of solid malignant tumors

Study on stability of labeled yttrium-90 with lipiodol by chemical extraction for liver cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mu, P.Y.; Jiang, X.L.; Chen, J.; Zhu, Y.J.

2005-01-01

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, is one of the most common malignant diseases in many developed and developing countries. It is also one of the most common diseases endangering the people's lives and health heavily. Surgery is very effective in early-stage patients. Unfortunately, there is less than 10% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma fitting for surgical therapy. Instead of surgical therapy, other methods are considered for patients in whom surgery may not work well. Systemic administration of chemotherapeutic agents is not often considered in liver cancer patients, due to discouraging result and adverse side effects. Also, hepatocellular carcinoma is not keen on usual radioactive therapy. However, method of inner interventional radioactive nuclide is a potential way to cure liver tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma would be cured with inner interventional radioactive nuclide, which is a hot topic in experimental research on hepatocellular carcinoma at home and abroad. The purpose of the study is to label Yttrium-90 with lipiodol by means of the chemical extraction method and research the stability of labeled Yttrium-90 ( 90 Y-P204-Lipiodol) in serum of a newly-born cattle and human's blood. We chose to label steady yttrium with lipiodol, because radioactive yttrium has great nuclear character for liver cancer, yttrium-90 can eradiate pure β radial, and it's half time is 64 hours. Average energy of it is 0.93 Mev, the highest energy is 2.27 Mev. Yttrium-90 can be labeled with lipiodol by means of the chemical extraction method, which is mature in chemical techniques, combined with method of radioactive nuclide labeled in. nuclear medicine. At first, yttrium-90 is extracted in certain condition(pH, temperature, whisk time, whisk frequency, etc ) after adding yttrium-90 solution. We use some distilled water to balance the labeled organic phase twice, and test the stability of labeled yttrium-90 in serum of a newly-born cattle and

In-vitro studies with 188Re-HEDP, a clinically used bone pain palliating agent, on bone cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Rohit; Kumar, Chandan; Mallia, Madhava B.; Banerjee, Sharmila; Kameswaran, Mythili

2017-01-01

Rhenium-188 is an attractive radioisotope for a wide variety of radiotherapy applications. 188 Re-HEDP (HEDPhydroxyethylidene- 1,1-diphosphonic acid) is one such, clinically useful, radiopharmaceutical for palliation of bone pain due to osseous metastasis. Herein, our aim was to study the uptake and retention of 188 Re-HEDP in mineralized bone and to assess its cellular toxicity, along with its underlying mechanism in human osteocarcinoma (MG-63 and Soas-2) cell lines. 188 Re-HEDP uptake was found to be significantly higher in mineralized bone. The 188 Re-HEDP complex also induces G2-M cell cycle arrest and thus contributing to apoptosis and cellular toxicity in bone cancer cells. (author)

Radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with Re-188 for treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: radiochemical control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, C.R.; Osso Junior, J.A.

2008-01-01

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses target-specific monoclonal antibodies or fragments labeled with a radioactive isotope to combine humoral and radiolytic functions and has the advantage of targeting not only the cell to which the antibody is bound but also the surrounding tumor cells and microenvironment. The most successful clinical studies of RIT in patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) have targeted CD20+ Bcell tumors. Antibody therapy directed against the CD20 antigen on the surface of B-cells is considered one of the first successful target-specific therapies in oncology. The radionuclide rhenium-188 ( 188 Re) is currently produced from the father nuclide 188 W through a transportable generator system. Because of its easy availability and suitable nuclear properties (E βMAX = 2.1 MeV, t1/2 = 16.9 h, E γ = 155 keV), this radionuclide is considered an attractive candidate for application as therapeutic agent and could be conveniently utilized for imaging and dosimetric purposes. The objective of this work is the optimization of direct radiolabeling method of anti-CD20 with 188 Re using a liquid formulation. Anti-CD20 was reduced by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol at room temperature. The number of resulting free sulphydryl groups was assayed with Ellman's reagent. Optimization of radiolabeling was achieved by varying parameters: antibody mass, reducing agent mass, tartrate mass, stability and reaction time, 188 Re volume and activity. Radiochemical purity of 188 Re-anti-CD20 was evaluated using instant thin layer chromatography-silica gel (ITLC-SG). Quality control methods for evaluation of radiochemical purity showed good labeling yield of the antibody but further studies will be carried out in order to improve the labeling yields and consequently the specific activity of the product. (author)

Treatment with rhenium-188-perrhenate and iodine-131 of NIS-expressing mammary cancer in a mouse model remarkably inhibited tumor growth

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dadachova, Ekaterina; Nguyen, Andrew; Lin, Elaine Y.; Gnatovskiy, Leo; Lu, Ping; Pollard, Jeffrey W.

2005-01-01

Introduction: Novel therapeutic modalities are needed for breast cancer patients in whom standard treatments are not effective. Mammary gland sodium/iodide symporter has been identified as a molecular target in breast cancers in humans and in some transgenic mouse models. We report the results of a therapy study with 131 I - and 188 ReO 4 - of breast cancer in polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) transgenic mice endogenously expressing the Na + /I - symporter (NIS). Methods: PyMT mice (12-13 weeks old) with one palpable tumor of 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter were used. For the therapy studies, PyMT mice were (1) treated with two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of 188 ReO 4 - 1 week apart, (2) pretreated for 1 week with 5 μg of triiodothyronine (T3) followed by two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of 131 I - 1 week apart or (3) left untreated. The tumor and normal organ uptakes were assessed by scintigraphic imaging. The thyroid function of treated and control animals was evaluated at the completion of the study by measuring the T3/thyroxine (T4) ratio in their blood. Results: There was significant uptake of 131 I - and 188 ReO 4 - in the primary palpable tumors as well as in nonpalpable tumors, stomachs and thyroids. The tumor uptake after the second injection was 10 times lower in comparison with the first injection. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in both the 131 I - and 188 ReO 4 - groups in comparison with the control group, and tumors in the 188 ReO 4 - group increased in size significantly less than in the 131 I - group. The T3/T4 ratios were calculated to be 27 and 25 for the control group and the 188 ReO 4 - group, respectively; for 131 I - , both the T3 and T4 levels were below detection limit, demonstrating much less effect on the thyroids of treatment with 188 ReO 4 - than with 131 I - . Conclusions: These results prove that NIS expression in breast tumors in animal models allows specific, efficient and safe treatment with a variety of

Spherical rhenium metal powder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leonhardt, T.; Moore, N.; Hamister, M.

2001-01-01

The development of a high-density, spherical rhenium powder (SReP) possessing excellent flow characteristics has enabled the use of advanced processing techniques for the manufacture of rhenium components. The techniques that were investigated were vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), direct-hot isostatic pressing (D-HIP), and various other traditional powder metallurgy processing methods of forming rhenium powder into near-net shaped components. The principal disadvantages of standard rhenium metal powder (RMP) for advanced consolidation applications include: poor flow characteristics; high oxygen content; and low and varying packing densities. SReP will lower costs, reduce processing times, and improve yields when manufacturing powder metallurgy rhenium components. The results of the powder characterization of spherical rhenium powder and the consolidation of the SReP are further discussed. (author)

A Comparison of Three Transarterial Lipiodol-Based Formulations for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo Biodistribution Study in Humans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Simon Chun Ho; Leung, Thomas Wai Tong; Lau, Wan Yee; Lee, Nelson; Hui, Edwin Pun; Yeo, Winnie; Lai, Paul Bo San; Mok, Tony Shu Kam

2008-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the biodistribution properties of three transarterial Lipiodol-based therapeutic regimens in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this prospective study with 13 patients randomly allocated to one of three study groups, each of the patients received transcatheter intra-arterial administration into a solitary HCC with one of three different Lipiodol-based formulations: Lipiodol-ethanol mixture (LEM; Group A), Lipiodol alone (Group B), and Lipiodol and gelatin pledgets (Group C). With the use of radioactive iodine-131-labeled Lipiodol, each group was assessed for (1) pattern of Lipiodol accumulation in the lungs within the first 2 weeks as evaluated by single-photon emission computed tomography and (2) decomposition of Lipiodol formulation within the first 2 weeks as evaluated by radioactivity detected in peripheral blood and urine. The degree of Lipiodol retention in the tumor within the first 4 weeks was evaluated with CT. No statistically significant difference in Lipiodol accumulation in the lungs was detected among the three groups. However, the peak accumulation in the lungs was delayed 3 days for Group A compared to Groups B and C. The degree of Lipiodol retention within the tumor in Group A was significantly greater than that in Groups B and C on day 14 (p = 0.014) and day 28 (p = 0.013). This study showed that LEM is associated with a greater embolic effect in intrahepatic HCC at 4 weeks, and a comparable degree of lung shunting and decomposition rates, compared with ethanol-free Lipiodol formulations

Study on therapy of 188Re labelled stannic sulfur suspension in nude mice bearing human colon tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Huiyuan; Wu Yuanfang; Dong Mo

2003-01-01

The effect of therapy, tissue distribution and stability are studied in nude mice bearing human colon tumor after injections of 188 Re labelled stannic sulfur suspension. The tissues are observed with electric microscope. The results show that 188 Re labelled stannic sulfur suspension is stabilized in the tumor and its inhibitive effects on human colon tumor cells are obvious. 188 Re labelled stannic sulfur suspension is a potential radiopharmaceuticals for therapy of human tumor

Carcinogenesis induction with diethylnitrosamine in mice: A tumor model for the evaluation of unresectable primary or metastatic liver carcinoma treatment with radioisotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riccardi, F.; Anselmi, C.E.; Hunsche, A.; Fernandes, D.D.; Berdichevski, E.H.; Cembrani, L.; Anselmi, O.E.

2004-01-01

Full text: Several agents such as chemical substances, radiation and virus are capable of experimentally inducing cancer in the liver. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease are still obscure, but despite the etiological agents varying widely, the alterations induced by them demonstrate notable similarities. Considering the possibility of treatment of inoperable human hepatocarcinomas with Lipiodol-131I, Lipiodol-188Rhenium or 90YMicrospheres as a novel alternative, we developed a rat tumour model to test the effects of these radiopharmaceutical therapies. It was intended to verify the potential of hepatic carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) after partial hepatectomy (HP 70%) in Wistar rats, to analyze the histological modifications produced in the liver of the rats subjected to tumor induction and to verify the immuno-histochemical alterations through the antibody Ki67 and of the protein GSTpi after this process. The experiment was performed on 50 Wistar rats in the laboratory of the Department of Pathology - FFFCMPA. Diethylnitrosamine was administered 24 hrs. after surgery in continuous doses of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight through the drinkable water ingested by the rats. The dose was changed on a weekly basis during the period of 90 days. These rats were divided in four groups. Group-1: 5 rats subjected to pilot experiment for improvement of the anaesthetic and operative techniques. Group-2: 15 rats subjected to HP. Group-3: 15 rats that received DEN. Group-4: 15 rats subjected to HP plus DEN. After sacrificing animals (121 days after the surgical procedure) the livers were removed for histological and immuno-histochemical verification. During macroscopic evaluation, numerous frankly carcinomatous lesions of different dimensions were noticed, and in microscopic examination 100% of the lesions were hepatocarcinomas in group-4, with 73% expression of GSTpi and 67% occurrence of Ki67. In group-2 no tumour was noticed though there was 7

Study of different adsorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of 99Mo - 99mTc and 188W-188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopes, Paula Regina Corain

2009-01-01

Amongst some existing radioisotopes, 99m Tc and 188 Re present adequate physical chemical properties for use in Nuclear Medicine in the areas of diagnosis and therapy, respectively. Moreover, these radioisotopes can be distributed to medical centers in the form of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99m Tc and 188 W- 188 Re, allowing autonomy and practicity in use. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molibdenium and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99 mTc and 188 W- 188 Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) were added to the loading solutions previously prepared, with values of pH adjusted between 1 and 7, and these were then percolated through different devices containing in its interior alumina, resin or poly-zirconium compound also known as PZC. The elutions were carried out within an interval of time of approximately 24 hours for the generator systems of 99 Mo - 99 mTc and 48 hours for the generator systems of 188 W- 188 Re due to the difference between the half-lives of radionuclides involved in the reactions. The eluted samples from both generator systems containing 99m Tc or 188 Re were submitted to quality control tests aiming to evaluate the radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, but no significant contamination for 99 Mo, 188 W, technetium or rhenium in the colloidal states and zirconium were detected in the eluted solutions and in the solutions extracted with saline solution for any value of pH studied. The commercial alumina cartridges known as Acid Sep Pak were more efficient in retaining the molybdenum in the loading solutions when compared with the others commercial retention devices employed. However, when this comparison extends to the chromatographic alumina columns, the use of acid alumina as adsorbent is more efficient when compared to the Acid Sep

Preparation of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol as a hepatoma therapeutic agent

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiunnguang Lo; Aiyih Wang; Yuanyaw Wei (National Tsinghua Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan). Inst. of Nuclear Science); Wingyiu Lui; Chinwen Chi (Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan)); Wingkai Chan (Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Biomedical Sciences)

1992-12-01

An isotopic exchange method was used to label lipiodol with [sup 131]I. The labelling efficiency was > 92.5%, and the radiochemical purity of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol was above 98% as determined by ITLC. The influencing factors e.g. the heating temperature, reaction, pH and storage conditions were studied and the optimum conditions were determined. In a pilot study injecting [[sup 131]I]lipiodol for the treatment of hepatoma, about 70% of hepatoma patients had a response to the treatment with a reduction of [alpha]-fetoprotein and decrease of hepatoma sizes. The overall median survival was 9 months (range 2-17 months). (author).

Treatment with rhenium-188-perrhenate and iodine-131 of NIS-expressing mammary cancer in a mouse model remarkably inhibited tumor growth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dadachova, Ekaterina [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States)]. E-mail: edadacho@aecom.yu.edu; Nguyen, Andrew [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States); Lin, Elaine Y. [Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States); Gnatovskiy, Leo [Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States); Lu, Ping [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States); Pollard, Jeffrey W. [Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 (United States)

2005-10-01

Introduction: Novel therapeutic modalities are needed for breast cancer patients in whom standard treatments are not effective. Mammary gland sodium/iodide symporter has been identified as a molecular target in breast cancers in humans and in some transgenic mouse models. We report the results of a therapy study with {sup 131}I{sup -} and {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} of breast cancer in polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) transgenic mice endogenously expressing the Na{sup +}/I{sup -} symporter (NIS). Methods: PyMT mice (12-13 weeks old) with one palpable tumor of 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter were used. For the therapy studies, PyMT mice were (1) treated with two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} 1 week apart, (2) pretreated for 1 week with 5 {mu}g of triiodothyronine (T3) followed by two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of {sup 131}I{sup -} 1 week apart or (3) left untreated. The tumor and normal organ uptakes were assessed by scintigraphic imaging. The thyroid function of treated and control animals was evaluated at the completion of the study by measuring the T3/thyroxine (T4) ratio in their blood. Results: There was significant uptake of {sup 131}I{sup -} and {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} in the primary palpable tumors as well as in nonpalpable tumors, stomachs and thyroids. The tumor uptake after the second injection was 10 times lower in comparison with the first injection. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in both the {sup 131}I{sup -} and {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} groups in comparison with the control group, and tumors in the {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} group increased in size significantly less than in the {sup 131}I{sup -} group. The T3/T4 ratios were calculated to be 27 and 25 for the control group and the {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} group, respectively; for {sup 131}I{sup -}, both the T3 and T4 levels were below detection limit, demonstrating much less effect on the thyroids of treatment with {sup 188}ReO{sub 4

Six-year clinical follow-up after treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis with cutting balloon angioplasty followed by intracoronary brachytherapy with liquid rhenium-188-filled balloon via transradial approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hang Chiling; Wu Chiungjen; Hsieh Bortsung

2010-01-01

Long-term follow-up studies revealed a significant decline in the benefits of intracoronary radiation for in-stent restenosis. A total of 25 study and 25 contemporaneous control patients with diffuse in-stent restenosis who underwent cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) transradially, followed by subsequent intracoronary irradiation with a liquid β-emitter Rhenium-188 ( 188 Re)-filled balloon were enrolled in the study. The mean clinical follow-up durations were 64.9±13.0 and 66.3±13.8 months for the irradiated and control patients, respectively. Six-month angiographic restenosis was observed in 16% (4 of 25) of the patients in the irradiated group and 48% (12 of 25) of the patients in the control groups (P=0.03). The 6-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 12% and 44%, respectively (P=0.025). The 3-year follow-up angiography was performed in 16 of 21 (76%) irradiated patients and in 4 of 13 (31%) control patients who had no significant restenosis at the 6-month angiographic follow-up. Restenosis occurred in 1 of 16 (7%) irradiated patients and 2 of 4 (50%) control patients. Late target lesion revascularization was performed in 1 irradiated and 2 control patients. The MACE rate within 6 years was significantly reduced in the irradiated group (20% vs. 56%, P=0.019). Brachytherapy using 188 Re-filled balloon following CBA for diffuse in-stent restenotic native coronary arteries is effective in reducing target lesion restenosis and improving long-term outcomes. (author)

Intra-arterial injection of iodine-131-labeled lipiodol for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boucher, Eveline; Garin, Etienne; Guylligomarc'h, Anne; Olivie, Damien; Boudjema, Karim; Raoul, Jean-Luc

2007-01-01

Background/Aim: The therapeutic effect of intra-arterial injection of 131-iodine-labeled lipiodol for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in palliative or adjuvant settings has been promising. We report, the results of an open study of this therapy in cirrhotic patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and method: Forty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were given intra-arterial injections of 131-iodine-labeled lipiodol. These injections were repeated if necessary every 3 months. Tumor response (WHO criteria) was determined on CT scans performed after each treatment and every 3 months during the follow-up. Side effects and the cause of death were recorded. Therapeutic response and survival were analyzed. Results: The median number of treatment was 2 (1-4). There was one complete response, 18 partial responses (47.5% response rate); 19 had stable disease and 2 progressions. Overall survival rates (±CI 95%) at 1, 2 and 3 years were: 90 ± 4.7%, 60.3 ± 8%, and 39 ± 8.3%, respectively. Median survival was 27 months; 25 patients have died (4-56 months), 8 of tumor progression with a multifocal spread in the liver. Tolerance was good except for 2 patients who develop a fatal drug-related pulmonary insufficiency. Conclusion: These data suggest that intra-arterial therapeutic injection of 131-iodine-labeled lipiodol for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma can provide high rate response and long survival for individuals not eligible for surgery or local treatment

SU-D-BRB-07: Lipiodol Impact On Dose Distribution in Liver SBRT After TACE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawahara, D; Ozawa, S; Hioki, K; Suzuki, T; Lin, Y; Okumura, T; Ochi, Y; Nakashima, T; Ohno, Y; Kimura, T; Murakami, Y; Nagata, Y

2015-01-01

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with Lipiodol is expected to improve local control. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Lipiodol on dose distribution by comparing the dosimetric performance of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm, anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), and Monte Carlo (MC) method using a virtual heterogeneous phantom and a treatment plan for liver SBRT after TACE. Methods: The dose distributions calculated using AAA and AXB algorithm, both in Eclipse (ver. 11; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), and EGSnrc-MC were compared. First, the inhomogeneity correction accuracy of the AXB algorithm and AAA was evaluated by comparing the percent depth dose (PDD) obtained from the algorithms with that from the MC calculations using a virtual inhomogeneity phantom, which included water and Lipiodol. Second, the dose distribution of a liver SBRT patient treatment plan was compared between the calculation algorithms. Results In the virtual phantom, compared with the MC calculations, AAA underestimated the doses just before and in the Lipiodol region by 5.1% and 9.5%, respectively, and overestimated the doses behind the region by 6.0%. Furthermore, compared with the MC calculations, the AXB algorithm underestimated the doses just before and in the Lipiodol region by 4.5% and 10.5%, respectively, and overestimated the doses behind the region by 4.2%. In the SBRT plan, the AAA and AXB algorithm underestimated the maximum doses in the Lipiodol region by 9.0% in comparison with the MC calculations. In clinical cases, the dose enhancement in the Lipiodol region can approximately 10% increases in tumor dose without increase of dose to normal tissue. Conclusion: The MC method demonstrated a larger increase in the dose in the Lipiodol region than the AAA and AXB algorithm. Notably, dose enhancement were observed in the tumor area; this may lead to a clinical benefit

SU-D-BRB-07: Lipiodol Impact On Dose Distribution in Liver SBRT After TACE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawahara, D; Ozawa, S; Hioki, K; Suzuki, T; Lin, Y; Okumura, T; Ochi, Y; Nakashima, T; Ohno, Y; Kimura, T; Murakami, Y; Nagata, Y [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima (Japan)

2015-06-15

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with Lipiodol is expected to improve local control. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Lipiodol on dose distribution by comparing the dosimetric performance of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm, anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), and Monte Carlo (MC) method using a virtual heterogeneous phantom and a treatment plan for liver SBRT after TACE. Methods: The dose distributions calculated using AAA and AXB algorithm, both in Eclipse (ver. 11; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), and EGSnrc-MC were compared. First, the inhomogeneity correction accuracy of the AXB algorithm and AAA was evaluated by comparing the percent depth dose (PDD) obtained from the algorithms with that from the MC calculations using a virtual inhomogeneity phantom, which included water and Lipiodol. Second, the dose distribution of a liver SBRT patient treatment plan was compared between the calculation algorithms. Results In the virtual phantom, compared with the MC calculations, AAA underestimated the doses just before and in the Lipiodol region by 5.1% and 9.5%, respectively, and overestimated the doses behind the region by 6.0%. Furthermore, compared with the MC calculations, the AXB algorithm underestimated the doses just before and in the Lipiodol region by 4.5% and 10.5%, respectively, and overestimated the doses behind the region by 4.2%. In the SBRT plan, the AAA and AXB algorithm underestimated the maximum doses in the Lipiodol region by 9.0% in comparison with the MC calculations. In clinical cases, the dose enhancement in the Lipiodol region can approximately 10% increases in tumor dose without increase of dose to normal tissue. Conclusion: The MC method demonstrated a larger increase in the dose in the Lipiodol region than the AAA and AXB algorithm. Notably, dose enhancement were observed in the tumor area; this may lead to a clinical benefit.

Partial splenic artery embolization with gelatin sponge or with lipiodol for hypersplenism: a comparative study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yamin; Sun Gangqing; Qin Hao; Wang Chongbao

2010-01-01

Objective: To discuss the effects and the complications of partial splenic artery embolization with gelatin sponge or with lipiodol for hypersplenism, to provide scientific information helpful for the selection of embolization materials in clinical practice. Methods: Partial splenic artery embolization with gelatin sponge was performed in forty patients with hypersplenism due to cirrhosis (gelatin sponge group) and partial splenic artery embolization with lipiodol was carried out in another thirty-nine patients (lipiodol group). The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory studies, complications and recurrence were observed and compared between two groups. Results: No significant difference in the reduction of splenic size, in the hemoglobin levels and in the thrombocyte and leucocyte counts existed between two groups (P > 0.05). However, the platelet count in lipiodol group was obviously decreased three months after the treatment. The occurrence of complications in gelatin sponge group was much higher than that in lipiodol group (P < 0.05). The toxic reaction of the liver and gastrointestinal tract in lipiodol group was significantly slighter than that in gelatin sponge group. Conclusion: Partial splenic artery embolization with lipiodol should be employed for the treatment of hypersplenism when the patient is elder and the disease is accompanied by poor liver function, massive ascites, severe dysfunction of blood coagulation and serious portal hypertension. (authors)

Baseline Tumor Lipiodol Uptake after Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Identification of a Threshold Value Predicting Tumor Recurrence.

Science.gov (United States)

Matsui, Yusuke; Horikawa, Masahiro; Jahangiri Noudeh, Younes; Kaufman, John A; Kolbeck, Kenneth J; Farsad, Khashayar

2017-12-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between baseline Lipiodol uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with early tumor recurrence, and to identify a threshold baseline uptake value predicting tumor response. A single-institution retrospective database of HCC treated with Lipiodol-TACE was reviewed. Forty-six tumors in 30 patients treated with a Lipiodol-chemotherapy emulsion and no additional particle embolization were included. Baseline Lipiodol uptake was measured as the mean Hounsfield units (HU) on a CT within one week after TACE. Washout rate was calculated dividing the difference in HU between the baseline CT and follow-up CT by time (HU/month). Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate baseline Lipiodol uptake and other variables with tumor response. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the optimal threshold for baseline Lipiodol uptake predicting tumor response. During the follow-up period (mean 5.6 months), 19 (41.3%) tumors recurred (mean time to recurrence = 3.6 months). In a multivariate model, low baseline Lipiodol uptake and higher washout rate were significant predictors of early tumor recurrence ( P = 0.001 and Baseline Lipiodol uptake and washout rate on follow-up were independent predictors of early tumor recurrence. A threshold value of baseline Lipiodol uptake > 270.2 HU was highly sensitive and specific for tumor response. These findings may prove useful for determining subsequent treatment strategies after Lipiodol TACE.

Country report: United Kingdom. Bifunctional bisphosphonate complexes with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re for the diagnosis and therapy of bone metastases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres Martin de Rosales, Rafael; Blower, P.J., E-mail: rafael.torres@kcl.ac.uk, E-mail: philip.blower@kcl.ac.uk [Division of Imaging Sciences, King' s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

2010-07-01

1,1-Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a family of compounds extensively used in the management of disorders of bone metabolism.{sup 1} They accumulate in areas of high bone metabolism, such as bone metastases, and consequently have been receiving increasing attention as molecular imaging probes and pain palliation treatments.{sup 2} Imaging bone metastases with BPs using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or planar scintigraphy is one of the most often-performed clinical imaging procedures. Beta-emitting analogues capable of producing a therapeutic effect have also been developed.{sup 3} In particular, the rhenium compounds {sup 186/188}Re-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonate ({sup 186/188}Re-HEDP) have shown promise as palliative agents for bone metastases in recent clinical trials.{sup 4} The radiochemicals consist of a complex of a BP (e.g. methylene diphosphonate, MDP) with gamma- ({sup 99m}Tc) or beta- ({sup 186/186}Re) emitters.

Study on blood supply of lung metastasis with trans-pulmonary arterial lipiodol infusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Jianqin; Dong Weihua; Dong Weihua; Ouyang Chang; Chang Heng; Xiao Xiangsheng

2008-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the blood supply of pulmonary metastases using small volume of lipiodol through pulmonary arterial infusion. Methods: 10 cases of lung metastasis were enroled including the primary tumors of liver cancer (n=5), renal carcinoma (n=3), chordoma (n=1) and malignant neurofibroma (n=1). Plain CT scan was performed to exclude calcification or ossification within metastasis and then pulmonary arterial DSA was undertaken to evaluate tumor vessels or staining. After pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or other anomalous circulation was excluded by lobar arterial DSA, small volume of lipiodol was infused under fluoroscopy (0.5-1.5 ml for each lobar artery, total volume less than 3.0 ml). CT scan was immediately performed. Blood supply of the pulmonary metastases was assessed according to the accumulation of lipiodol on CT scans. Results: No cases but one experienced cough, expectoration, suffocating or dyspnea. No complication of cerebral or visceral embolism occurred. Totally 27 nodules were studied including 6 nodules with cloudy lipiodol accumulation and 6 nodules with tiny granules of lipiodol accumulation. No enlarged tumor vessel or tumor stain was observed within all 27 nodules on pulmonary arterial DSA. Conclusions: Pulmonary artery supplys only parts of pulmonary metastases, especially those sited at the peripheral region of the lung. Infusion of small volume of lipiodol through pulmonary artery is safe, and the increased density of lung field could return normal after several days. (authors)

Adverse events and therapeutic efficacy associated with TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma with a miriplatin-lipiodol suspension in comparison with a cisplatin-lipiodol suspension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araki, Takuji; Okada, Taiki; Kimura, Kazufumi; Sawada, Eiichi; Sano, Katushiro; Araki, Tsutomu

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term adverse events and therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a miriplatin-lipiodol suspension in comparison with a cisplatin-lipiodol suspension. Of patients who underwent TACE for unresectable HCCs in 2009 and 2010, twenty-nine and twenty-seven patients underwent TACE using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension (C-LS) and miriplatin-lipiodol suspension (M-LS), respectively. Adverse events of fever, pain, nausea, anorexia, elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, creatinine and a decrease in platelet count were evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Ver.4. to compare the C-LS and M-LS groups. The short-term therapeutic efficacy of both groups was evaluated by the treatment effect (TE) on the CT images three months after TACE according to the General Rules for the Clinical and Pathological Study of Primary Liver Cancer (the 5th edition, Revised Version). With regard to the adverse events, the M-LS group had significantly less fever and anorexia than the C-LS group. No critical adverse events were observed in either group. The therapeutic efficacy was not significantly different between the groups. TACE with M-LS had fewer adverse events than TACE with C-LS, but neither TACE led to any critical adverse events. The short-term therapeutic efficacy of TACE with M-LS was equivalent to that of TACE with C-LS. (author)

Experiment of embolizing hepatocarcinoma with heated lipiodol via hepatic artery in VX{sub 2} rabbit model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wei, Cao; Zhimin, Wang; Hongxin, Zhang [Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical Univ., Xi' an (China); Yi, Wan

2006-09-15

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tumour effect of 60 degree C Lipiodol in the embolization of VX{sub 2} hepatocarcinoma in rabbits. Methods: VX{sub 2} carcinoma cells were surgically implanted into the left liver lobe in 30 male New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups by figure and table method with 10 rabbits in each group. Physiological saline, Lipiodol (37 degree C), and Lipiodol (60 degree C) were injected in each group via hepatic artery and liver cancer was embolized. The volume of tumour and serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed after one week, and the survival period of VX{sub 2} rabbits was also observed. Results: In the group of Lipiodol (60 degree C), the growth rate of tumour (0.92{+-} 0.21) was significantly lower than that of control group (3.48{+-}) and Lipiodol (37 degree C) groups (1.69{+-}0.26), respectively (F=34.95, P<0.05). The survival period of Lipiodol (60 degree C) group (41.0{+-}3.0) d was significantly longer than the control group (31.5{+-}3.0) d (t=29.18, P<0.05). Four days after the embolization, the serum level of AST of Lipiodol (60 degree C) (148.2{+-}11.3) U/L was not higher than that of Lipiodol (37 degree C) (139.7{+-}12.3) U/L (t=1.61, P>0.05), but was significantly higher than the control group (68.6{+-}6.6) U/L (t=19.24, P<0.05). Conclusion: Lipiodol (60 degree C) greatly decreases the tumour's growth rate and prolongs the survival period. It is a safe method and has stronger inhibitory effect than other groups. (authors)

Labelled biomolecules with Sm-153, Re-188 and Y-90 for targeted radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmad, M.; Pervez, S.

2000-01-01

Direct labeling of Lanreotide with Rhenium-188 was studied. Reduction of cysteine bridge was performed by reducing agents (ascorbic acid, 2ME). The perrhenate eluted from the generator was reduced with stannous chloride. Tartarate was used as transchelating agent. After pH adjustment, shaking and incubation for various time intervals were carried out. Thin Layer chromatography and reverse phase chromatography were used to monitor the radiolabelling yield. Stability of radiolabelled Lanreotide was also checked

Rhenium Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Busev, A.I.; Tiptsova, V.G.; Ivanov, V.M.

1978-01-01

The basic methods for determining rhenium in various objects are presented. The gravimetric determination of rhenium is based on a quantitative precipitation of ReO 4 - ions with tetraphenylarsonium chloride. The determination is not hindered by tungstates and molybdates. The potentiometric determination of rhenium in alloys (>=0.5% Re) is based on perrhenate ion reduction to Re(4) with the titrated solution of the Cr(2) salt. Re(7) is titrated in a hot sulfuric acid solution in the presence of KJ. The relative error of the method is 1 to 3%. The photometric determination of rhenium is performed by the rhodamide method in molybdenum-and tungsten-containing alloys and catalytically, in rocks, after it has been separated in the form of sulfide. The extraction-photometric determination of rhenium is carried out with the aid of methyl violet (analysis of a stock with a high content of Mo, W, Ta, Nb, Ti ahd Zr) and thio-oxine (the determination of Re is hindered by Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir). Also described are methods for differential-spectrophotometric determination of Re with the aid of thiocarbamide, as well as with the aid of dimethylglyoxime in the presence of SnCl 2 in an acid medium when Re is determined in its alloys with niobium and hafnium. It takes 2 hours to analyze the Hf-Re alloy and 3 hours to analyze the Nb-Re alloy, the standard deviation being 0.005 at 30-50% Re and 0.027 to 0.019 at 10-50% Re

Pulmonary Lipiodol Accumulation after Transarterial Chemoembolization: CT Findings and Its Radiologic Outcomes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Youn, In Young; Chong, Se Min; Kwak, Byung Kook; Shin, Hyung Jin; Seo, Gi Young; Seo, Jae Seung; Kim, Jae Kyun [Dept. of Radiology, Chung Ang University Medical Center, Chung Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2011-12-15

To evaluate CT findings and radiologic outcomes of pulmonary lipiodol accumulation (PLA) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). This retrospective study involved 488 TACEs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 160) and hepatic metastasis for non-hepatic malignancies (n = 7) in 167 patients. We reviewed the patient clinicoradiologic findings before and after TACE and calculated the incidence of PLA and PLA resolution time after initial CT and after TACE. Lipiodol accumulation in the lungs was seen under CT after TACE in seven patients (M : F = 6 : 1, mean age 61 years). The incidence of PLA at CT was 4.1% (7/167 patients). In five patients, associated intrathoracic abnormalities including pleural effusion with (n 3) or without consolidation (n = 2) were revealed at CT scans. The CT resolution time and PLA recovery time were 56 {+-} 54 days and 66 {+-} 52 days, respectively. The recovery time for lipiodol accumulation was 66 days. It is believed that the clinical and radiologic outcome of PLA without respiratory failure is promising, and conservative treatment will suffice when lipiodol accumulation in the lungs is seen in CT images after TACE.

Experiment of embolizing hepatocarcinoma with heated lipiodol via hepatic artery in VX2 rabbit model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao Wei; Wang Zhimin; Zhang Hongxin; Wan Yi

2006-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tumour effect of 60 degree C Lipiodol in the embolization of VX 2 hepatocarcinoma in rabbits. Methods: VX 2 carcinoma cells were surgically implanted into the left liver lobe in 30 male New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups by figure and table method with 10 rabbits in each group. Physiological saline, Lipiodol (37 degree C), and Lipiodol (60 degree C) were injected in each group via hepatic artery and liver cancer was embolized. The volume of tumour and serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed after one week, and the survival period of VX 2 rabbits was also observed. Results: In the group of Lipiodol (60 degree C), the growth rate of tumour (0.92± 0.21) was significantly lower than that of control group (3.48±) and Lipiodol (37 degree C) groups (1.69±0.26), respectively (F=34.95, P 0.05), but was significantly higher than the control group (68.6±6.6) U/L (t=19.24, P<0.05). Conclusion: Lipiodol (60 degree C) greatly decreases the tumour's growth rate and prolongs the survival period. It is a safe method and has stronger inhibitory effect than other groups. (authors)

Biological behavior of 188Re-biotin chelate for multistep therapy with the avidin-biotin system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, T. H.; Ahn, S. H.; Choi, C. W.; Woo, K. S.; Jung, W. S.; Lim, S. J.; Lim, S. M.

1999-01-01

The purpose of this study was to test the three-step targeting of tumors in mice using biotinylated antibody, streptavidin and radiolabeled biotin for radioimmunotherapy (RAIT). Three-step pretargetting can potentially decreases harmful radiation to normal tissues in radioimmunotherapy. 188 Re from 188 W- 188 Re generator, is recently introduced in therapeutic nuclear medicine and made it possible to use whenever needed. We studied biotin-chelates MGB for use in the avidin/biotin pretargetting system. Chelates that hold radiometals with high stability under physiological conditions are essential to avoid excessive radiation damage to non-target cells. We synthesized MAG 2 GABA-Biocytin (MGB), labeled with 188 Re and evaluated biological behavior of 188 Re-MGB. biotinyl MAG 2 GABA bind the therapeutic radiometal 188 Re with excellent in vitro stability and have the required physiological properties for pretargetted therapy. In normal mice, 188 Re-MGB was excreted via hepatobiliary pathway, %ID/g of GI tract was 52.1 at 120min. In Raji cells tumor bearing nude mice, liver and colon were higher than those of normal mouse. Tumor uptake at 120min was 0.05%ID/g. 188 Re-MGB may have a role in pretargetted radioimmunotherapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma: the correlation between the enhancement in arterial-phase and lipiodol accumulation after the trans-arterial chemoembotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tan Lilian; Li Yangbing; Li Shuxin; Jiang Jindai; Li Zhimin; Liang Tongjie; Zhou Shaoping; Han Minjun

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the relationship between enhancement in arterial-phase, indicating arterial blood supply of the lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma and lipiodol accumulation after the trans-arterial chemoembotherapy. Methods: CT images of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in 32 cases during the hepatic arterial-phase were retrospectively compared with the CT images of lipiodol distribution within the tumor after the trans-arterial chemoembotherapy. Results: The lipiodol distribution was classified into five types: homogeneous and compact(n=11), inhomogeneous though compact (n=7), scanty(n=5), poorly filled(n=3) and miscellaneous (n=3). The lipiodol has a homogeneous or inhomogeneous but compact distribution when remarkable enhancement of the tumor or dominant neoplastic vascularity was demonstrated during hepatic arterial-phase. The lipiodol distribution was scanty, poorly filled, or miscellaneous distributed in the nidus of the hepatocellular carcinoma with no or poor enhancement, or with hypo-vascularity during hepatic arterial-phase. Where there was abundant vascularity of the tumor, there would be a satisfying accumulation of the lipiodol. Conclusion: The CT assessmant of the arterial-phase vascularity of the hepatocellular provides valuable information of lipiodol accumulation after the trans-arterial chemoembotherapy. (authors)

Labelled biomolecules with SM-153, Re-188 and Y-90 for targeted radiotherapy. Pakistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmad, Mushtaq; Pervez, Shahid

2000-01-01

Direct labeling of Lanreotide with Rhenium-188 was studied. Reduction of cysteine bridge was performed by reducing agents (ascorbic acid, 2ME). The perrhenate eluted from the generator was reduced with stannous chloride. Tartarate was used as transchelating agent. After pH adjustment, shaking and incubation for various time intervals were carried out. Thin layer chromatography and reverse phase chromatography were used to monitor the radiolabelling yield. Stability of radiolabelled Lanreotide was also checked

Heated lipiodol as an embolization agent for transhepatic arterial embolization in VX2 rabbit liver cancer model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cao Wei [Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1 Xinshi Road, Shaanxi Province, Xi' an 710038 (China)], E-mail: zjfurong2008@126.com; Wan Yi [Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17 West Changle Road, Xi' an 710032 (China); Liang Zhihui [Department of Radiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050082 (China); Duan Yunyou; Liu Xi [Department of Ultrasonography, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinshi Road, Xi' an 710038 (China); Wang Zhimin; Liu Yiyong; Zhu Jia; Liu Xiongtao [Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1 Xinshi Road, Shaanxi Province, Xi' an 710038 (China); Zhang Hongxin [Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1 Xinshi Road, Shaanxi Province, Xi' an 710038 (China)], E-mail: cawe-001@163.com

2010-02-15

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of heated (60 deg. C) lipiodol via hepatic artery administration in a rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer. Materials and methods: Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rabbits assigned to each group. VX2 carcinoma cells were surgically implanted into the left hepatic lobe. The tumors were allowed to grow for 2 weeks, and studies were performed until the diameter of the tumors detected by ultrasonograph reached 2-3 cm. Under anesthesia, trans-catheter hepatic arterial embolization was performed and doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C) (1 mL), lipiodol (60 deg. C) (1 mL) or control (physiological saline (37 deg. C) (1 mL)) solution was injected into the hepatic arteries of animals in the three groups. One week later, the volume of the tumor was measured by ultrasonograph again. The serum of all rabbits was collected before injection and at 4 and 7 days after injection, and the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was checked. The survival period of the three groups of rabbits after treatment was also recorded. During the last course of their disease, the rabbits were given analgesics to relieve suffering. Results: The tumor growth rate in the lipiodol (60 deg. C) group (0.92 {+-} 0.21, tumor volume from 1811 {+-} 435 to 1670 {+-} 564 mm{sup 3}) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.48 {+-} 1.17, tumor volume from 1808 {+-} 756 to 5747 {+-} 1341 mm{sup 3}) (P < 0.05) and in the doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C) group (1.69 {+-} 0.26, tumor volume from 1881 {+-} 641 to 2428 {+-} 752 mm{sup 3}) (P < 0.05). Consequently, the survival period of the animals in the lipiodol (60 deg. C) group (41.0 {+-} 3.0 days) was significantly greater than that in the doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C) group (38.0 {+-} 2.5 days) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in serum AST levels between the lipiodol (60 deg. C) group (148.2 {+-} 11

Electrochemical behaviour of rhenium-graphite electrode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varypaev, V.N.; Krasikov, V.L.

1980-01-01

Electrochemical behaviour of combination electrode from graphite with electrodeposited thin coating of electrolytic rhenium is studied. Solution of 0.5 m NaCl+0.04 m AlCl 3 served as an electrolite. Polarization galvanostatic curves of hydrogen evolution upon electrodes with conditional rhenium thickness of 3.5 and 0.35 μm, 35 and 3.5 nm are obtained. Possibility of preparation of rhenium-graphite cathode with extremely low rhenium consume, electro-chemical properties of which are simu-lar to purely rhenium cathode is shown. Such electrode is characterized with stable in time low cathode potential of hydrogen evolution in chloride electrolyte and during cathode polarization it is not affected by corrosion

Intravascular Lipiodol Presenting as an Atrial Mass

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kootte, Ruud S.; Haeck, Joost D. E.; van Lienden, Krijn P.; van Boven, Wim J. P.; van der Wal, Allard C.; de Boer, Hans H.

2017-01-01

A 68-year-old woman, previously treated with embolization of the thoracic duct with Lipiodol (an ethiodized oil injection) and cyanoacrylate glue (a topical tissue adhesive), was admitted with an asymptomatic mass in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium. The mass was surgically removed, and

A study of image-guided radiotherapy of bladder cancer based on lipiodol injection in the bladder wall

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soendergaard, Jimmi; Muren, Ludvig Paul; Elstroem, Ulrik Vindelev; Grau, Cai; Hoeyer, Morten; Oerding Olsen, Kasper

2010-01-01

Purpose. We have tested a procedure of focal injection of the contrast medium Lipiodol as a fiducial marker for image-guided boost of the tumor in bladder cancer radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we have evaluated the feasibility and the safety of the method as well as the inter- and intra-fraction shift of the bladder tumor. Materials and methods. Five patients with muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer were included in the study. Lipiodol was injected during flexible cystoscopy into the submucosa of the bladder wall at the periphery of the tumor or the post resection tumor-bed. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans were acquired daily throughout the course of RT. Results. Lipiodol demarcation of the bladder tumor was feasible and safe with only a minimum of side effects related to the procedure. The Lipiodol spots were visible on CT and CBCT scans for the duration of the RT course. More than half of all the treatment fractions required a geometric shift of 5 mm or more to match on the Lipiodol spots. The mean intra-fraction shift (3D) of the tumor was 3 mm, largest in the anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal directions. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that Lipiodol can be injected into the bladder mucosa and subsequently visualized on CT and CBCT as a fiducial marker. The relatively large inter-fraction shifts in the positions of Lipiodol spots compared to the intra-fraction movement indicates that image-guided RT based on radio-opaque markers is important for RT of the bladder cancer tumor.

Heated lipiodol as an embolization agent for transhepatic arterial embolization in VX2 rabbit liver cancer model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao Wei; Wan Yi; Liang Zhihui; Duan Yunyou; Liu Xi; Wang Zhimin; Liu Yiyong; Zhu Jia; Liu Xiongtao; Zhang Hongxin

2010-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of heated (60 deg. C) lipiodol via hepatic artery administration in a rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer. Materials and methods: Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rabbits assigned to each group. VX2 carcinoma cells were surgically implanted into the left hepatic lobe. The tumors were allowed to grow for 2 weeks, and studies were performed until the diameter of the tumors detected by ultrasonograph reached 2-3 cm. Under anesthesia, trans-catheter hepatic arterial embolization was performed and doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C) (1 mL), lipiodol (60 deg. C) (1 mL) or control (physiological saline (37 deg. C) (1 mL)) solution was injected into the hepatic arteries of animals in the three groups. One week later, the volume of the tumor was measured by ultrasonograph again. The serum of all rabbits was collected before injection and at 4 and 7 days after injection, and the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was checked. The survival period of the three groups of rabbits after treatment was also recorded. During the last course of their disease, the rabbits were given analgesics to relieve suffering. Results: The tumor growth rate in the lipiodol (60 deg. C) group (0.92 ± 0.21, tumor volume from 1811 ± 435 to 1670 ± 564 mm 3 ) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.48 ± 1.17, tumor volume from 1808 ± 756 to 5747 ± 1341 mm 3 ) (P 3 ) (P -1 ) and the doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C) group (139.7 ± 12.3 U L -1 ) (P > 0.05). However, the serum AST level in the lipiodol (60 deg. C) group was significantly higher at 4 days after injection (P -1 ). Conclusions: Treatment with lipiodol (60 deg. C) resulted in an effect on serum AST levels similar to that caused by treatment with doxorubicin-lipiodol (37 deg. C). Thus, lipiodol (60 deg. C) treatment could greatly prolong the survival period of rabbits with VX2 cancer by inhibiting tumor growth.

Investigation of SP94 Peptide as a Specific Probe for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Imaging and Therapy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yanli; Hu, Yan; Xiao, Jie; Liu, Guobing; Li, Xiao; Zhao, Yanzhao; Tan, Hui; Shi, Hongcheng; Cheng, Dengfeng

2016-01-01

SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPL), a novel peptide, has shown specific binding to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to investigate the capability of SP94 as a targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy following labeling with technetium-99m (99mTc) and rhenium-188 (188Re). HYNIC-SP94 was prepared by solid phase synthesis and then labeled with 99mTc. Cell competitive binding, internalization assay, in vitro and in vivo stability, biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies were performed to investigate the capability of 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 as a specific HCC imaging probe. Initial promising targeting results inspired evaluation of its therapeutic effect when labeled by 188Re. HYNIC-SP94 was then labeled again with 188Re to perform cell apoptosis, microSPECT/CT imaging evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Huh-7 cells exhibited typical apoptotic changes after 188Re irradiation. According to 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 microSPECT/CT imaging, tumor uptake was significantly decreased compared with that of pre-treatment with 188Re-HYNIC-SP94. The immunohistochemistry also displayed obvious necrosis and apoptosis as well as inhibition of proliferation in the 188Re-HYNIC-SP94 treatment group. The results supported that 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 is able to target HCC cells and 188Re-HYNIC- SP94 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for HCC, making 99mTc/188Re-HYNIC-SP94 a promising targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy. PMID:27649935

Country Report: Rep. of Korea. {sup 188}re-Tricabonyl Labeling Strategy: Preparation of 1{sup 188}Re(I) Tricarbonyl Precursor [{sup 188}Re(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}(CO){sub 3}]+ for the Labeling of Biomolecules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Sang Hyun [Radiation Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Korea, Republic of)

2010-07-01

The {sup 99m}Tc(I) and {sup 188}Re(I) tricarbonyl precursors [M(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}(CO){sub 3}]{sup +} have been shown to be excellent starting materials for the synthesis of {sup 99m}Tc(I) and {sup 188}Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes as well as radiolabeling of target-specific biomolecules.{sup 1-8} Recently, a user-friendly kit formulation (IsoLink{sup TM}) was developed using potassium boranocarbonate, K{sub 2}[BH{sub 3}CO{sub 2}], for preparation of the {sup 99m}Tc precursor complex. This solid reagent serves both as a source of carbon monoxide and a reducing agent for technetium. It was also used by Schibli and coworkers for the preparation of the corresponding {sup 188}Re precursor complex (“Schibili’s kit”).{sup 9} This approach involved the reduction of [{sup 188}Re]perrhenate eluate (1 ml) in neutral solution with 3 mg K{sub 2}[BH{sub 3}CO{sub 2}] and 5 mg BH3≅NH3 by incubation at 60 °C for 15 min. The amounts of reducing agents and acid (concentrated phosphoric acid) were carefully balanced not only to avoid fast hydrolysis of the boranes, but also to maintain a sufficiently low pH to stabilize reduced rhenium intermediates. The preparations resulted in yields >85 % of the desired precursor complex. In addition, perrhenate (7±3 %), colloidal {sup 188}ReO{sub 2} (<5 %), and a byproduct of unknown composition were also detected. To increase the yields even further, we evaluated the recently described borohydride exchange resin (BER) as an additional reducing agent and an anion scavengers.

Non-carrier-added 186,188Re labeled 17α-ethynylestradiol: a potential breast cancer imaging and therapy agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fassbender, M.E.; Phillips, Dennis R.; Peterson, E.J.; Ott, K.C.; Arterburn, J.B.

2001-01-01

Receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals constitute potential agents for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of diagnosed cancer in women in the United States, and it accounts for the second highest number of cases of cancer fatalities (1). In Approximately two-thirds of the breast tumors, estrogen and progesterone steroid hormone receptors can be found. Such tumors can often be treated successfully with anti-estrogen hormone therapy (2). Hence, the ability to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) contend of the breast tumor is essential for making the most appropriate choice of treatment for the patient. Along with this diagnostic aspect, steroid-based radiopharmaceuticals with high specific activity offer an encouraging prospect for therapeutic applications: 186,188 Re labeled steroids binding to receptors expressed by cancer cells appear to be potential agents for the irradiation of small to medium-sized tumors. 186 Re has been regarded as an ideal radionuclide for radiotherapy due to its appropriate half-live of 90 h and β-energy of 1.07 MeV. Moreover, the γ-emission of 137 keV that allows in vivo imaging while in therapy is an additional bonus. 188 Re is obtained from a 188 W/ 188 Re radionuclide generator system, representing an advantage for availability at radiopharmacy laboratory by daily elution. In addition, 188 Re emits high energy beta particles with an average energy of 769 keV, and the emission of the 155 keV allows simultaneous imaging for biodistribution evaluation in vivo. In order to avoid competitive saturation of the binding sites of the ligand receptor, Re labeled steroids with high specific activity are required, and the removal of all excess unlabeled ligands is mandatory. 188 Re is eluted from a 188 W/ 188 Re generator produced and provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (3). This paper outlines the solid phase-supported preparation of an n.c.a. ( 188 Re)Re-imido estradiol compound. The

SU-F-T-630: Energy Spectral Study On Lipiodol After Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization Using the Flattened and Unflattened Photon Beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawahara, D [Radiation Therapy Section, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima (Japan); Medical and Dental Sciences Course, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan); Ozawa, S; Nagata, Y [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan); Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima (Japan); Saito, A; Nishio, T; Suzuki, T [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan); Hioki, K; Masuda, H; Okumura, T; Ochi, Y; Nakashima, T; Ohno, Y [Radiation Therapy Section, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima (Japan); Tanaka, S [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

2016-06-15

Purpose: SBRT combining transarterial chemoembolization with Lipiodol is expected to improve local control. Our showed that the dose enhancement effect in the Lipiodol with 10X flattening filter free (FFF) was inserted. This study was to investigate the energy fluence variations of electron in the Lipiodol using flattened (FF) and FFF beams. Methods: FF and FFF for 6X and 10X beams by TrueBeam were used in this study. The Lipiodol (3 X 3 X 3 cm{sup 3}) was located at the depth of 5 cm in water, the dose enhancement factor (DEF) and energy fluence were calculated by Monte Carlo (MC) calculations (PHITS). Results: DEFs with FF and FFF of 6X were 17.1% and 24.3% at rebuild-up region in the Lipiodol (5.3cm depth), 7.0% and 17.0% at the center of Lipiodol (6.5cm depth), and −13.2% and −8.2% at behind Lipiodol (8.3cm depth). DEFs with FF and FFF of 10X were 21.7% and 15.3% at rebuild-up region, 8.2% and 10.5% at the center of Lipiodol, and −14.0% and −8.6% at behind Lipiodol. Spectral results showed that the FFF beam contained more low-energy (0–0.3MeV) component of electrons than FF beam, and FF beam contained more high-energy (over 0.3MeV) electrons than FFF beam in Lipiodol. Behind the Lipiodol, build-down effect with FF beam was larger than FFF beam because FF beam contained more high energy electrons. The difference of DEFs between FFF and FF beams for 6X were larger than for 10X. This is because 10X beam contained more high-energy electrons. Conclusion: It was found that the 6XFFF beam gives the largest change of energy fluence and the largest DEF in this study. These phenomena are mainly caused by component of low-energy electrons, and this energy is almost correspond to the boundary of photo electronic dominant and Compton scattering dominant region for photon beams.

Rhenium Rocket Manufacturing Technology

Science.gov (United States)

1997-01-01

The NASA Lewis Research Center's On-Board Propulsion Branch has a research and technology program to develop high-temperature (2200 C), iridium-coated rhenium rocket chamber materials for radiation-cooled rockets in satellite propulsion systems. Although successful material demonstrations have gained much industry interest, acceptance of the technology has been hindered by a lack of demonstrated joining technologies and a sparse materials property data base. To alleviate these concerns, we fabricated rhenium to C-103 alloy joints by three methods: explosive bonding, diffusion bonding, and brazing. The joints were tested by simulating their incorporation into a structure by welding and by simulating high-temperature operation. Test results show that the shear strength of the joints degrades with welding and elevated temperature operation but that it is adequate for the application. Rhenium is known to form brittle intermetallics with a number of elements, and this phenomena is suspected to cause the strength degradation. Further bonding tests with a tantalum diffusion barrier between the rhenium and C-103 is planned to prevent the formation of brittle intermetallics.

Near-Net Shape Powder Metallurgy Rhenium Thruster

Science.gov (United States)

Leonhardt, Todd; Hamister, Mark; Carlen, Jan C.; Biaglow, James; Reed, Brian

2001-01-01

This paper describes the development of a method to produce a near-net shape (NNS) powder metallurgy (PM) rhenium combustion chamber of the size 445 N (100 lbf) used in a high performance liquid apogee engine. These engines are used in low earth Orbit and geostationary orbit for satellite positioning systems. The developments in near-net shape powder metallurgy rhenium combustion chambers reported in this paper will reduce manufacturing cost of the rhenium chambers by 25 percent, and reduce the manufacturing time by 30 to 40 percent. The quantity of rhenium metal powder used to produce a rhenium chamber is reduced by approximately 70 percent and the subsequent reduction in machining schedule and costs is nearly 50 percent.

Directed light fabrication of rhenium components

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Milewski, J.O.; Thoma, D.J.; Lewis, G.K.

1997-02-01

Directed Light Fabrication (DLF) is a direct metal deposition process that fuses powder, delivered by gas into the focal zone of a high powered laser beam to form fully dense near-net shaped components. This is accomplished in one step without the use of molds, dies, forming, pressing, sintering or forging equipment. DLF is performed in a high purity inert environment free from the contaminants associated with conventional processing such as oxide and carbon pickup, lubricants, binding agents, cooling or cleaning agents. Applications using rhenium have historically been limited in part by its workability and cost. This study demonstrates the ability to fuse rhenium metal powder, using a DLF machine, into free standing rods and describes the associated parameter study. Microstructural comparisons between DLF deposited rhenium and commercial rhenium sheet product is performed. This research combined with existing DLF technology demonstrates the feasibility of forming complex rhenium, metal shapes directly from powder.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: the angiographic manifestations and endovascular treatment with pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kong Weidong; Li Yanhao; He Xiaofeng; Chen Yong; Zeng Qingle; Zhao Jianbo

2004-01-01

Objective: To observe the angiographic manifestations of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and to treat it by intra-arterial injection of pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion (PLE). Methods: Seven young patients (age range 12-19 years, mean 15.2 years) with KTS in the single low limb were examined by arteriography. Then, PLE (mixed with pingyangmycin 6-12 mg, lipiodol 4-8 ml) was injected by transcatheter into the femoral artery. The effects, side-effects, and complications of the therapy were observed. Results: The arteriography revealed a few distended small arteries with staining of venous sinus of different size in the soft tissue (5/7), as well as drainage vein enlargement (4/7) and superficial varicose vein (5/7). PLE deposited visibly in the abnormal sinus except one case. During 13-30 months' follow-up, 6 cases had good effects on limb hypertrophy after the treatment, and the limbs with lesions were obviously shrank and the thigh circumference became near to the normal limb. Another case had no obvious change. One had mild recurring around the knee one year later. The major side-effects included medium to extreme swelling of the limbs (7/7), serum transaminase elevation (2/7), and numbness of the distal end of the limb (1/7). The complications included a small piece of skin necrosis (1/7) and the first toe-drop (1/7). Conclusion: The arteriography in KTS can demonstrate a part of vascular malformations. Transcatheter intra-arterial PLE injection was effective in treating the hypertrophy of the limb caused by KTS. Because the therapy could result in some serious side-effects and complications, it should be used carefully

Thermal conduction and linear expansion of sintered rhenium and tungsten-rhenium alloys at a temperature up to 1000 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pozdnyak, N.Z.; Belyaev, R.A.; Vavilov, Yu.V.; Vinogradov, Yu.G.; Serykh, G.M.

1978-01-01

Preparation technology (by powder metallurgy methods) of sintered rhenium and tungsten-rhenium VR-5, VR-10, and VR-20 alloys is described. Thermal conduction of rhenium and VR-20 alloy has been measured in the temperature range from 300 to 1000 K. The value obtained turned out to be considerably less than those published elsewhere, this testifies to the great thermal contact resistance between the material grains. Also measured is the mean linear expansion coefficient for the mentioned above materials in the same temperature range. Linear expansion increases with rhenium content increase

CT detection of daughter nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma after lipiodol infusion via the hepatic artery

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Ohishi, Hajime; Ohgami, Syoichi; Katsuragi, Masami

1985-02-01

The detectability of daughter nodules in 80 hepatocellular carcinomas was compared between CT assisted by Lipiodol Ultra Fluid (Lipiodol) infused via the hepatic artery and IHA (Infusion hepatic angiography). Lipiodol infused via the hepatic artery was selectively accumulated in the tumor vessels and the tumors and small daughter nodules appeared as markedly high density areas by CT. 18 cases in which the daughter nodules were detected were identified only by CT. Furthermore, in 38 cases CT demonstrated superior detectability of the daughthr nodules than IHA. In 15 cases the daughter nodules were newly detected in areas other than the invaded area where the primary tumor existed. This method is very effective in the diagnosis of daughter nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma. (author).

Rhenium-osmium geochemistry: method and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luck, J.M.

1982-03-01

Experimental methods for chemical separation and isotopic analysis of rhenium-osmium are described. Accurate determinations are obtained for a quantity ratio around 10 -6 -10 -7 g. Development as a geochemical tracer is examined. Study of rhenium-osmium in meteorites allows the determination of solar system chronology and age of the galaxy. Rhenium-osmium chronology in meteorites is improved and osmium isotopes are used as petrogenetic and geological tracers. Molybdenites are studied through 187 Re- 187 Os dating [fr

Crystallochemistry of rhenium compounds with metal-metal bonds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koz'min, P.A.; Surazhskaya, M.D.

1980-01-01

A review is presented including a brief description of atomic structure of 59 coordination rhenium compounds with metal-metal bond. The most important bond lengths and valent angles are presented for each compound. The dependence of rhenium-rhenium bond length on its multiplicity is discussed and possible causes of deviations from this dependence (namely, axial ligand presence, steric repulsion of ligands) are considered. On the basis of qualitative comparison of electronegativity of ligands in dimer compounds with quarternary bond of rhenium-rhenium a supposition is made on the influence of formal charge of atomic group and summary electro-negativity of ligands on the possibility of the metal-metal bond formation

Rhenium Nanochemistry for Catalyst Preparation

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Vadim G. Kessler

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The review presents synthetic approaches to modern rhenium-based catalysts. Creation of an active center is considered as a process of obtaining a nanoparticle or a molecule, immobilized within a matrix of the substrate. Selective chemical routes to preparation of particles of rhenium alloys, rhenium oxides and the molecules of alkyltrioxorhenium, and their insertion into porous structure of zeolites, ordered mesoporous MCM matrices, anodic mesoporous alumina, and porous transition metal oxides are considered. Structure-property relationships are traced for these catalysts in relation to such processes as alkylation and isomerization, olefin metathesis, selective oxidation of olefins, methanol to formaldehyde conversion, etc.

Clinical application of transcatheter arterial thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xuan; Chen Xiaofei; Dong Weihua

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization in treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC). Methods: One hundred and sixteen cases of PHC were divided into three groups. Group A (38 cases)was treated with normal temperature chemotherapy and normal temperature lipiodol, Group B(40 cases)with thermo-chemotherapy and normal temperature lipiodol and group C (38 cases)with thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol. Group B and group C were called the thermotherapy group. Results: In the thermotherapy groups, the rates of tumor size reduction were significantly greater than those in the normal group. There were no significant different in the hepatic function tests among the three groups. The 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24- month survival rates of the normal group and thermotherapy groups were 97%, 58%, 39% and 18%, versus 99%, 79%, 57% and 36%, respectively. No significant differences were found in the rates of reduction of tumor size and survival rates between group B and group C. Conclusion: Thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-embolization possess significant effect on PHC but without conspicuous damage to liver function. (authors)

Prediction of recurrence after HCC resection. Faint oily deposits in preoperative Lipiodol-CT of remnant liver tissue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, M.; Iimuro, Y.; Mogaki, M.; Kachi, K.; Fujii, H.; Matsumoto, Y.

1994-01-01

In trying to clarify the high recurrence rate after removal of small hepatocellular carconoma (HCC), we assessed the postoperative evolution of minute hepatic Lipiodol deposits which had been diagnosed as artifacts on the preoperative Lipiodol-CT. Of 27 patients with solitary HCC less than 5 cm in diameter, 14 had such Lipiodol deposits in the preoperative CT and 9 of them (64%) developed recurrent tumors. On the other hand, 6 of the 13 patients without deposits (46%) suffered recurrence, but in 5 of these 6 patients the HCC was metachronous multicentric. The cumulative survival rate of the non-deposit group was better than that of the deposit group (p<0.1). The present study suggested that, even in patients with small HCC, minute concomitant tumors invisible by conventional imaging techniques may exist at the time of surgery. Some of these lesions without sufficient tumor vasculature showing a hypervascular blush on angiography appear to retain small, vague Lipiodol deposits. (orig.)

Transarterial lidocaine-lipiodol emulsion administration for relief of pain during transarterial chemoembolization of malignant tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Anle; Yan Zhiping; Zhou Kangrong; Wang Jianhua; Cheng Jiemin; Qian Sheng; Luo Jianjun; Chen Yi

2004-01-01

Objective: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of transarterial lidocaine-lipiodol emulsion administration for controlling abdominal pain and preventing the arterial spasm resulting from TACE, and to evaluate the optimal amount of lidocaine administration. Methods: In a prospective trial of 120 consecutive patients with malignant tumor who underwent TACE were divided into three groups, those who received lidocaine-lipiodol emulsion administration (group A, n=40), those who received lidocaine bolus intraarterial infusion immediately before TACE (group B, n=40) and those who received no lidocaine injection before TACE, (group C, n=40). The degree of post-procedure pain was evaluated by a subjective method (using visual analogue scales from 0 to 10), and an objective method (amount of post-procedure analgesics). Incidence and degree of arterial spasm were assessed by DSA. Results: The correlative pain incidences between the three groups showed significant difference (P 0.05). Mean dose of intramuscular analgesics for controlling intolerable pain in group A and B was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of arterial spasm between group A and B but it was much lower in group C. Lipiodol deposit in malignant mass was densest in group A, especially in the metastatic nodules of the liver. Conclusions: Transarterial administration of lidocaine-lipiodol emulsion can not only reduce the incidence of pain during TACE, but also prevent the arterial spasm. It is much more effective than pre-TACE administration of pethidine and intraarterial infusion of lidocaine. The authors recommond routinely for the administration of lidocaine-lipiodol emulsion. (authors)

Melanoma Therapy with Rhenium-Cyclized Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptide Analogs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas P Quinn

2005-11-22

Malignant melanoma is the 6th most commonly diagnosed cancer with increasing incidence in the United States. It is estimated that 54,200 cases of malignant melanoma will be newly diagnosed and 7,600 cases of death will occur in the United States in the year 2003 (1). At the present time, more than 1.3% of Americans will develop malignant melanoma during their lifetime (2). The average survival for patients with metastatic melanoma is about 6-9 months (3). Moreover, metastatic melanoma deposits are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy (3). Systematic chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic approach to treat patients with metastatic melanoma. Dacarbazine is the only single chemotherapy agent approved by FDA for metastatic melanoma treatment (5). However, the response rate to Dacarbazine is only approximately 20% (6). Therefore, there is a great need to develop novel treatment approaches for metastatic melanoma. The global goal of this research program is the rational design, characterization and validation of melanoma imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Significant progress has been made in the design and characterization of metal-cyclized radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides. Therapy studies with {sup 188}Re-CCMSH demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the receptor-targeted treatment in murine and human melanoma bearing mice (previous progress report). Dosimetry calculations, based on biodistribution data, indicated that a significant dose was delivered to the tumor. However, {sup 188}Re is a very energetic beta-particle emitter. The longer-range beta-particles theoretically would be better for larger tumors. In the treatment of melanoma, the larger primary tumor is usually surgically removed leaving metastatic disease as the focus of targeted radiotherapy. Isotopes with lower beta-energies and/or shorter particle lengths should be better suited for targeting metastases. The {sup 177}Lu

Rhenium corrosion in chloride melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stepanov, A.D.; Shkol'nikov, S.N.; Vetyukov, M.M.

1989-01-01

The results investigating rhenium corrosion in chloride melts containing sodium, potassium and chromium ions by a gravimetry potentials in argon atmosphere in a sealing quarth cell are described. Rhenium corrosion is shown to be rather considerable in melts containing CrCl 2 . The value of corrosion rate depending on temperature is determined

Thiocarbonyl complexes of rhenium. Pt. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abram, U.

1993-01-01

Novel rhenium complexes with terminal thiocarbonyl groups have been synthesized from ReCl 3 (Me 2 PhP) 3 and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. mer-(Diethyldithiocarbamato)tris-(dimethylphenylphosphine)(thiocarbonyl)rhenium( I), mer-[Re(CS)(Me 2 PhP) 3 (Et 2 dtc)], and tris(diethyldithiocarbamato)(thiocarbonyl)rhenium(III), [Re(CS)(Et 2 dtc) 3 ] have been studied by infrared and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. mer-[Re(CS)(Me 2 PhP) 3 (Et 2 dtc)] crystallizes orthorhombic in the space group P na 2 1 with a=1516.1(2), b=2189.8(2) and c=1035.6(1) pm. Structure solution and refinement converged at R=0.042. The coordination geometry is a distorted octahedron. The Re-C bond length is found to be 184(2) pm. [Re(CS)(Et 2 dtc) 3 ] crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P2 1 /c with a=962.2(6), b=1744.0(2), c=1537.4(6) pm and β=96.21(1) . The final R value is 0.028. In the monomeric complex the rhenium atom is seven-coordinate with an approximate pentagonal-bipyramidal coordination sphere and a rhenium-carbon distance of 181(1) pm. (orig.)

Near net shape of powder metallurgy rhenium parts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leonhardt, T.; Downs, J.

2001-01-01

In this paper, a description of the stages of processing necessary to produce a near-net shape (NNS) powder metallurgy (PM) rhenium component through the use of cold isostatic pressing (CIP) to form a complex shape will be explained. This method was primarily developed for the production of the 440 N and 490 N liquid apogee engine combustion chambers used in satellite positioning systems. The CIP to NNS process has been used in the manufacture and production of other rhenium aerospace components as well. Cold isostatic pressing (CIP) to a near net shape utilizing a one or two-part mandrel greatly reduces the quantity of rhenium required to produce the component, and also significantly reduces the number of secondary machining operations necessary to complete the manufacturing process. Further, the developments in near-net shape powder metallurgy rhenium manufacturing techniques have generated significant savings in the area of both time and budget. Overall, cost declined by as much as 35 % for the quantity of rhenium chambers, and manufacturing time was decreased by 30-40 %. The quantity of rhenium metal powder used to produce a rhenium chamber was reduced by approximately 70 %, with a subsequent reduction of nearly 50 % in secondary machining operation schedules. Thus, it is apparent that the overall savings provided by the production of near-net shape powder metallurgy rhenium components will be more than merely another aspect of any project involving high temperature applications, it will constitute significant benefit. (author)

Development of industrial hydrogenating catalyst on rhenium base

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chistyakova, G.A.; Bat', I.I.; Rebrova, V.V.

1975-01-01

Processes for forming rhenium catalysts on carbon carrier and their catalytic properties in nitrobenzene (NB) reduction were studied. Application of an ammonia preparation to the carbon surface produced impregnated carbon saturated at room temperature with a water solution of the ammonia preparation, taken in a volume equal to the volumetric capacity of the carbon. With one impregnation, 2% rhenium was taken up. Catalysts containing more than 5% rhenium were obtained by impregnating the carbon with heating and use of more concentrated solutions. Catalysts made in this way and dried at 100 0 C had the composition Re 2 OH/carbon/. The most active catalysts were those reduced at 200-250 0 C; higher temperatures, up to 300-500 0 C, decreased the activity. Study of the catalytic properties of the rhenium catalysts in a liquid phase reduction of NB showed that the specific activity of rhenium depends only slightly on the content of the active component in the catalyst and is close to the specific activity of palladium and considerably exceeds that of nickel. Study of the effect of the NB concentration and hydrogen pressure on the activity and stability of the 5% rhenium catalyst indicated that with NB concentrations from 50 to 10% the process takes place at an essentially constant rate; the order of the reaction was close to zero with an apparent activation energy of about 7000 cal/mole. At pressures of 15-200 atm the yield with the 5% catalyst was proportional to the hydrogen pressure. A big advantage of the rhenium catalysts in the reduction of NB is their high selectivity. With a higher activity than palladium and nickel catalysts, 5% rhenium catalyst produces a high operating capacity in a wide range of contact charges, which has considerable significance for industrial use in contact apparatus of the column type. Comparison of the costs of rhenium catalysts and granular carbon carrier with those of nickel, platinum, and palladium showed that 5% rhenium catalyst can

Intra-arterial embolization with pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion for the treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma: an analysis of factors affecting therapeutic results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zeng Qingle; Chen Yong; Zhao Jianbo; Zhang Kewei; Li Yanhao

2009-01-01

Objective: To analyze the factors that might affect the therapeutic results of pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion intra-arterial sclerosing embolization (PLE-IASE) in treating symptomatic cavernous hemangioma of liver (SCHL). Methods: PLE-IASE was performed in 89 patients with SCHL (32 males and 57 females). Before treatment the mean diameter of the hemangioma was (8.3±3.8) cm. Of 89 patients, 53 experienced anxiety, 35 suffered from right upper abdominal pain and the remaining one developed Kasabach-Merrit syndrome. Before PLE-IASE, the arteriographic classification was conducted based on hepatic arteriographic findings. Then pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion (PLE) was injected through the feeding artery. The dosage of pingyangmycin (PYM) was (9.8 ± 4.4) mg and the dosage of lipiodol (LP) was (5.9 ± 2.9) ml. The lipiodol deposition status was judged by the follow-up spot film taken immediately after PLE-IASE. The observations of the occurrence of complications, the relief of symptoms and the minification of SCHL were followed for 6-72 months after PLE-IASE. The linear regression analysis statistics was conducted by taking the minification as dependent variable and taking the arteriographic classification, lipiodol deposition status, the dosage of PYM, the dosage of lipiodol and the preoperative SCHL diameter as independent variable. Results: Of all 89 cases of SCHL, hypervascular type was seen in 51, hypovascular type in 26 and arteriovenous shunt (AVS) type in 12. Good lipiodol deposition status was found in 64 patients and poor deposition in 25 patients after PLE-IASE. After PLE-IASE, the symptom of anxiety in 53 patients was relieved and the right upper abdominal pain was reduced in 33 cases although intermittent pain still remained in 2 patients. The blood platelet count of the patient with Kasabach-Merrit syndrome returned to normal after the treatment. The symptomatic relieve rate was 98.7%. No serious complications occurred in the follow-up period. The linear

The biodistribution and effect on hepatic parenchyma with intraarterial injected I-131 lipiodol into hepatic artery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dong Ik; Suh, Jung Ho; Yoo, Hyung Sik; Lee, Jong Tae; Kim, Ki Whang; Park, Chan Il; Kim, Byung Ro

1989-01-01

Iodized oil has been used as a contrast agent in lymphangiography. One of the commercially available compounds is Lipidol Ultra-fluid(LUF) which contains 38% iodine by weight. Nakakuma et al(1979) reported that LUF was selectively retained in the hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma when injected directly into the ligated hepatic artery. Since that time, it has been widely utilized in the detection as well as the therapeutic attempts of hepatocellular carcinoma, where it has been mixed with chemotherapeutic agents or labeled with radioactive I-131. Like all significant advances, the mechanism of lipid retention within the hepatocellular carcinoma is not clearly understood, and also there is a lack of information about the biodistribution and kinetics of I-131 Lipiodol. The apparent safety of this technique require confirmation. The present study was aimed to assess the biodistribution and kinetics of intraarterially injected I-131 Lipiodol and the histologic changes in canine livers. It was also to verify the safety of this technique in clinical applications. Radioactive iodized oil was obtained by simple exchange method . 518 ± 19 MBq(14 mCi, about 1 mCi/kg body weight) of I-131 Lipiodol was injected intraarterially in 12 dogs as a experimental group. Serial count rates over the livers under gamma camera were measured, and then it was compared with quantitative analysis of radioactivities distributed in liver, lung, spleen, kidney, thyroid, bile and circulating blood using dose calibrator after sacrifice at various time intervals. Cumulative radiation doses were calculated by Quimby method. The effect of I-131 lipiodol on hepatic function were analysed by serial liver function tests after intrahepatic injection of I-131 Lipiodol and compared with preinjection values. Liver tissue obtained after sacrifice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Oil red-O, and also election microscopic examinations were performed. The results were summarized as follows; 1

Superselective transcather arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with a mixture of ethanol and lipiodol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Jae Hyung; Han, Joon Koon; Choi, Byung Ihn; Han, Man Chung

1992-01-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (STAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a mixture of ethanol and Lipiodol, STAE was done in 12 male patients with HCC. There were diagnosed clinically with angiographic findings and elevated alphafetprotein levels and three were recurrent tumors after surgery. Sono-guided aspiration biopsy proved the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in another six patients. The tumor was a small single nodule (2-5cm in diameter) in 11 patients. In one patient, two nodules were found. Superselective catheterization was done using 3F Tracker catheter (Target Therapeutics USA) coaxially through 6F catheter into the feeding hepatic artery, usually the third order branch. One to four cc of 75% ethanol mixed with Lipiodol was infused under fluoroscopy immediately after injection of 2% lidocaine. Immediate angiography and CT after 2 weeks were undertaken. Complete segmental or subsegmental devascularization including feeding arteries and tumor vascularities occurred in all patients. Follow-up angiography after 6 to 15 months revealed the tumor opacified by Lipiodol. The tumor decreased in 5 cases and recurrence was found in three patients. CT taken 2 weeks after STAE showed low density halo around the tumor in 5 cases. Subsequent segmentectomy in four patients revealed total or near total necrosis of the tumor and no evidence of damage in surrounding parenchyma. STAE for HCC with a mixture of ethanol and Lipiodol is an effective and safe measure for small HCC

First principles calculations of interstitial and lamellar rhenium nitrides

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Soto, G., E-mail: gerardo@cnyn.unam.mx [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada Baja California (Mexico); Tiznado, H.; Reyes, A.; Cruz, W. de la [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada Baja California (Mexico)

2012-02-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The possible structures of rhenium nitride as a function of composition are analyzed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The alloying energy is favorable for rhenium nitride in lamellar arrangements. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structures produced by magnetron sputtering are metastable variations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structures produced by high-pressure high-temperature are stable configurations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The lamellar structures are a new category of interstitial dissolutions. - Abstract: We report here a systematic first principles study of two classes of variable-composition rhenium nitride: i, interstitial rhenium nitride as a solid solution and ii, rhenium nitride in lamellar structures. The compounds in class i are cubic and hexagonal close-packed rhenium phases, with nitrogen in the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices of the metal, and they are formed without changes to the structure, except for slight distortions of the unit cells. In the compounds in class ii, by contrast, the nitrogen inclusion provokes stacking faults in the parent metal structure. These faults create trigonal-prismatic sites where the nitrogen residence is energetically favored. This second class of compounds produces lamellar structures, where the nitrogen lamellas are inserted among multiple rhenium layers. The Re{sub 3}N and Re{sub 2}N phases produced recently by high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis belong to this class. The ratio of the nitrogen layers to the rhenium layers is given by the composition. While the first principle calculations point to higher stability for the lamellar structures as opposed to the interstitial phases, the experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that the interstitial classes are synthesizable by plasma methods. We conclude that rhenium nitrides possess polymorphism and that the two-dimensional lamellar structures might represent an emerging class of materials

First principles calculations of interstitial and lamellar rhenium nitrides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soto, G.; Tiznado, H.; Reyes, A.; Cruz, W. de la

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► The possible structures of rhenium nitride as a function of composition are analyzed. ► The alloying energy is favorable for rhenium nitride in lamellar arrangements. ► The structures produced by magnetron sputtering are metastable variations. ► The structures produced by high-pressure high-temperature are stable configurations. ► The lamellar structures are a new category of interstitial dissolutions. - Abstract: We report here a systematic first principles study of two classes of variable-composition rhenium nitride: i, interstitial rhenium nitride as a solid solution and ii, rhenium nitride in lamellar structures. The compounds in class i are cubic and hexagonal close-packed rhenium phases, with nitrogen in the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices of the metal, and they are formed without changes to the structure, except for slight distortions of the unit cells. In the compounds in class ii, by contrast, the nitrogen inclusion provokes stacking faults in the parent metal structure. These faults create trigonal-prismatic sites where the nitrogen residence is energetically favored. This second class of compounds produces lamellar structures, where the nitrogen lamellas are inserted among multiple rhenium layers. The Re 3 N and Re 2 N phases produced recently by high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis belong to this class. The ratio of the nitrogen layers to the rhenium layers is given by the composition. While the first principle calculations point to higher stability for the lamellar structures as opposed to the interstitial phases, the experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that the interstitial classes are synthesizable by plasma methods. We conclude that rhenium nitrides possess polymorphism and that the two-dimensional lamellar structures might represent an emerging class of materials within binary nitride chemistry.

Concentration of rhenium from dilute sodium chloride solutions

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DRAGOLJUB M. LUKIC

2008-03-01

Full Text Available The conditions for the desorption of rhenium from the anion exchange resin Dowex 1-x8 by HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH were determined. The solution (5.0´10-3 mol dm-3 Re in 0.15 mol dm-3 NaCl was passed through a column containing 0.10 g of the resin. The total sorbed amount of rhenium was 0.20 g/g of the resin. It was then eluted by the corresponding eluent in the concentration range up to about 3.0 mol dm-3. The highest elution efficiency and the most favourable elution profile were found with 3.0 mol dm-3 HNO3. Over 77 % of the sorbed rhenium was found in the first 5 ml of the eluate. Practically all the rhenium was recovered with 20 ml of the acid. Under the given experimental conditions, HCl and H2SO4 were less favourable while NaOH was not applicable, due to very low efficiency of rhenium elution.

188Re DD-3B6/22 Fab' for use in therapy of ovarian cancer: labelling and animal studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmidt, Peter F.; Smith, Suzanne V.; Bundesen, Peter G.

1998-01-01

A fast and high yielding method of 188 Re radiolabelling DD-3B6/22 Fab' is described. An inert atmosphere [N 2 (g)] and ascorbic acid was essential for preparation and storage of therapeutic levels (≤2 GBq/mg) for up to 24 h. Immunoreactivity was greater than 75%. Pharmacokinetic studies in nu/nu mice demonstrated localisation of 188 Re DD-3B6/22 Fab' was equivalent and correlated well with the behaviour observed for 99m Tc DD-3B6/22 Fab' used to image ovarian cancer. Excellent stability at the target site in vivo supports the potential use of 188 Re DD-3B6/22 Fab' in the therapy of ovarian cancer

Transcatheter hepatic arterial thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization for the treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xuan; Chen Xiaofei

2009-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcatheter hepatic arterial thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization in the treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Methods: Sixty-eight cases with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma were equally and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in study group were treated with transcatheter hepatic arterial thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization, while the patients in control group were treated with conventional (normal temperature) transcatheter hepatic arterial chemotherapy lipiodol embolization. Results: The effective rate of study group and control group was 65%(22/34) and 32%(11/34) respectively, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). No significant difference in the postoperative changes of hepatic function tests was found between the two groups. The survival rate at 6,12,18 and 24 months after the treatment was 100%, 82%, 44% and 18% respectively in study group, while it was 91%, 47%, 15% and 6% respectively in control group. Conclusion: Transcatheter hepatic arterial thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization is an effective and safe treatment for the hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma and has no obvious damage to the hepatic function. (authors)

Ambient aging of rhenium filaments used in thermal ionization mass spectrometry: Growth of oxo-rhenium crystallites and anti-aging strategies

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Joseph M. Mannion

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Degassing is a common preparation technique for rhenium filaments used for thermal ionization mass spectrometric analysis of actinides, including plutonium. Although optimization studies regarding degassing conditions have been reported, little work has been done to characterize filament aging after degassing. In this study, the effects of filament aging after degassing were explored to determine a “shelf-life” for degassed rhenium filaments, and methods to limit filament aging were investigated. Zone-refined rhenium filaments were degassed by resistance heating under high vacuum before exposure to ambient atmosphere for up to 2 months. After degassing the nucleation and preferential growth of oxo-rhenium crystallites on the surface of polycrystalline rhenium filaments was observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Compositional analysis of the crystallites was conducted using SEM-Raman spectroscopy and SEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and grain orientation at the metal surface was investigated by electron back-scatter diffraction mapping. Spectra collected by SEM-Raman suggest crystallites are composed primarily of perrhenic acid. The relative extent of growth and crystallite morphology were found to be grain dependent and affected by the dissolution of carbon into filaments during annealing (often referred to as carbonization or carburization. Crystallites were observed to nucleate in region specific modes and grow over time through transfer of material from the surface. Factors most likely to affect the rates of crystallite growth include rhenium substrate properties such as grain size, orientation, levels of dissolved carbon, and relative abundance of defect sites; as well as environmental factors such as length of exposure to oxygen and relative humidity. Thin (∼180 nm hydrophobic films of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride were found to slow the growth of oxo-rhenium crystallites on the filament

Lipiodol injections for optimization of target volume delineation in a patient with a second tumor of the oropharynx. A case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haderlein, Marlen; Merten, Ricarda; Stojanovic, Andrea; Speer, Stefan; Fietkau, Rainer; Ott, Oliver J. [University Hospitals of Erlangen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erlangen (Germany); Scherl, Claudia [University Hospitals of Erlangen, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erlangen (Germany)

2015-08-15

Lipiodol injections were administered in the head and neck area to improve gross tumor volume (GTV) definition for small-volume re-irradiation of a 63-year-old previously irradiated patient with a second tumor of the oropharynx in the posterior wall with longitudinal ligament infiltration (cT4cN0cM0). The patient had dialysis-depending renal failure. On diagnostic computed tomography (CT), which was performed with intravenous contrast agent, the tumor in the oropharynx was not detectable. Because of dialysis-depending renal failure comorbidity, no contrast agent was applied in the planning CT and in the diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. In each cross-sectional imaging study performed, the GTV, especially in craniocaudal extensions, was not safely delineable. Therefore, craniocaudal tumor margins were pharyngoscopically marked with Lipiodol injections, an iodine-containing contrast agent. In a second planning CT, the GTV could be defined with the help of the Lipiodol marks and small-volume re-irradiation was performed. No Lipiodol-associated side effects occurred in the patient. In the present case, the use of Lipiodol injections at the tumor margins facilitated the definition of the GTV. (orig.) [German] Anwendung von Lipiodolinjektionen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich zur Verbesserung der GTV-Definition bei einer kleinvolumigen Re-Bestrahlung eines 63-jaehrigen, vorbestrahlten Patienten mit einem Zweitmalignom im Oropharynx mit Infiltration des hinteren Laengsbandes (cT4cN0cM0). Nebenbefundlich bestand bei dem Patienten eine dialysepflichtige Niereninsuffizienz. Im initialen diagnostischen Kontrastmittel-CT der Hals und Thoraxregion war der Tumor nicht abgrenzbar, so dass das Bestrahlungsplanungs-CT in Anbetracht des diagnostischen CTs und der bekannten Niereninsuffizienz ohne intravenoeses Kontrastmittel durchgefuehrt wurde. Das diagnostische MRT (vgl. Abb. 1) wurde ebenfalls ohne intravenoeses Kontrastmittel durchgefuehrt wurden. In allen durchgefuehrten

Linkable thiocarbamoylbenzamidines as ligands for bioconjugation of Rhenium and Technetium; Kopplungsfaehige Thiocarbamoylbenzamidine als Liganden zur Biokonjugation von Rhenium und Technetium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castillo Gomez, Juan Daniel

2015-04-27

Bioconjugation reactions with Rhenium and Technetium are of high importance for the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine. In this thesis the possibilities for bioconjugation using linkable Thiocarmbamoylbenzamidines as ligands for the complexation of Rhenium and Technetium were examined.

The kinetics of anodic dissolution of rhenium in aqueous electrolyte solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atanasyants, A.G.; Kornienko, V.A.

1986-01-01

The kinetics of anodic rhenium dissolution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization curves recorded at temperature from 293 to 333 K in different media (NaOH, KOH, NaCl, NaBr, HCl, H 2 SO 4 ) using the rotating disc technique. It is shown that the kinetics of anodic rhenium dissolution and effective activation energy depend not only on the composition and pH value of the solutions but also on the structure of the dissolving rhenium surface. The investigation of the anodic behaviour of the rhenium monocrystal revealed the existence of anisotropy of the monocrystal electrochemical properties. The experimental results point to an important role of adsorption processes in anodic rhenium dissolution. Rhenium dissolution proceeds with formation of intermediate surface adsorption complexes between the metal and the components of the solution

Clinical Analysis of Pulmonary Lipiodol Embolism in Patients with Hepatic Carcinoma after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization

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Wen-jin JIANG

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations, therapeutic methods and preventive measures of pulmonary lipiodol embolism (PLE induced by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE so as to improve the cognition and management of PLE. Methods:A total of 2 613 patients with hepatic cancer without history of pulmonary disease who were treated with TACE in our hospital from Sept., 2004 to Mar., 2013 were selected. The clinical manifestations, therapeutic methods and preventing measures of the 9 patients who were accompanied with PLE were observed to analyze the pre-operative hepatic computed tomography (CT and chest X-ray, intra-operative contrast examination, dosage of lipiodol and chemotherapeutic drugs, clinical manifestation and therapeutic progression as well as the postoperative follow-up.Results: Nine patients accompanied by PLE had different-severity cough, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea, and chest X-ray and/or CT showed flaky high-density radiography. After treated with oxygen inhalation, bronchus expansion and inflammation alleviation, 8 patients were improved but 1 died. Of the 8 patients, 2 were given ventilator to assist breath, and the clinical symptoms of 8 patients disappeared within 3-15 d. The re-examined chest X-ray showed normal after 20-60 d follow-up observation. Additionally, 6 patients were with nidus diameter ≥10 cm, 6 with hepatic artery-vein fistula and 7 with lipiodol dosage ≥20 mL.Conclusion: PLE often occurs in patients with giant hepatic carcinoma accompanied by hepatic artery-vein fistula, whose lipiodol dosage is ≥20 mL. Accurate and correct management during operation can effectively reduce the development of PLE.

Melanome Therapy with Rhenium Cyclized Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptide Analogs. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quinn, Thomas P.

2005-01-01

Malignant melanoma is the 6th most commonly diagnosed cancer with increasing incidence in the United States. It is estimated that 54,200 cases of malignant melanoma will be newly diagnosed and 7,600 cases of death will occur in the United States in the year 2003 (1). At the present time, more than 1.3% of Americans will develop malignant melanoma during their lifetime (2). The average survival for patients with metastatic melanoma is about 6-9 months (3). Moreover, metastatic melanoma deposits are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy (3). Systematic chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic approach to treat patients with metastatic melanoma. Dacarbazine is the only single chemotherapy agent approved by FDA for metastatic melanoma treatment (5). However, the response rate to Dacarbazine is only approximately 20% (6). Therefore, there is a great need to develop novel treatment approaches for metastatic melanoma. The global goal of this research program is the rational design, characterization and validation of melanoma imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Significant progress has been made in the design and characterization of metal-cyclized radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides. Therapy studies with 188 Re-CCMSH demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the receptor-targeted treatment in murine and human melanoma bearing mice (previous progress report). Dosimetry calculations, based on biodistribution data, indicated that a significant dose was delivered to the tumor. However, 188 Re is a very energetic beta-particle emitter. The longer-range beta-particles theoretically would be better for larger tumors. In the treatment of melanoma, the larger primary tumor is usually surgically removed leaving metastatic disease as the focus of targeted radiotherapy. Isotopes with lower beta-energies and/or shorter particle lengths should be better suited for targeting metastases. The 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg11)CCMSH and

Thermophysical measurements on solid and liquid rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pottlacher, G.; Jager, H.; Neger, T.

1986-01-01

A fast resistive heating technique was used to measure such thermophysical data of solid and liquid rhenium as enthalpy, specific heat, thermal volume expansion, and electrical resistivity. The measurements are performed with heating rates of slightly more than 10 9 K s -1 up to states of superheated liquid rhenium (7500 K)

Locoregional Confinement and Major Clinical Benefit of 188Re-Loaded CXCR4-Targeted Nanocarriers in an Orthotopic Human to Mouse Model of Glioblastoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Séhédic, Delphine; Chourpa, Igor; Tétaud, Clément; Griveau, Audrey; Loussouarn, Claire; Avril, Sylvie; Legendre, Claire; Lepareur, Nicolas; Wion, Didier; Hindré, François; Davodeau, François; Garcion, Emmanuel

2017-01-01

Gold standard beam radiation for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is challenged by resistance phenomena occurring in cellular populations well prepared to survive or to repair damage caused by radiation. Among signals that have been linked with radio-resistance, the SDF1/CXCR4 axis, associated with cancer stem-like cell, may be an opportune target. To avoid the problem of systemic toxicity and blood-brain barrier crossing, the relevance and efficacy of an original system of local brain internal radiation therapy combining a radiopharmaceutical with an immuno-nanoparticle was investigated. The nanocarrier combined lipophilic thiobenzoate complexes of rhenium-188 loaded in the core of a lipid nanocapsule (LNC 188 Re) with a function-blocking antibody, 12G5 directed at the CXCR4, on its surface. The efficiency of 12G5-LNC 188 Re was investigated in an orthotopic and xenogenic GBM model of CXCR4-positive U87MG cells implanted in the striatum of Scid mice. We demonstrated that 12G5-LNC 188 Re single infusion treatment by convection-enhanced delivery resulted in a major clinical improvement in median survival that was accompanied by locoregional effects on tumor development including hypovascularization and stimulation of the recruitment of bone marrow derived CD11b- or CD68-positive cells as confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis. Interestingly, thorough analysis by spectral imaging in a chimeric U87MG GBM model containing CXCR4-positive/red fluorescent protein (RFP)-positive- and CXCR4-negative/RFP-negative-GBM cells revealed greater confinement of DiD-labeled 12G5-LNCs than control IgG2a-LNCs in RFP compartments. Main conclusion: These findings on locoregional impact and targeting of disseminated cancer cells in tumor margins suggest that intracerebral active targeting of nanocarriers loaded with radiopharmaceuticals may have considerable benefits in clinical applications.

BEHAVIOR OF LIPIODOL MARKERS DURING IMAGE GUIDED RADIOTHERAPY OF BLADDER CANCER

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chai, Xiangfei; van Herk, Marcel; van de Kamer, Jeroen B.; Remeijer, Peter; Bex, Axel; Betgen, Anja; de Reijke, Theo M.; Hulshof, Maarten C. C. M.; Pos, Floris J.; Bel, Arjan

2010-01-01

Purpose: To investigate the stability of a novel type of markers used in partial bladder tumor irradiation and tumor deformation as indicated by the markers. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients with solitary bladder cancer, lipiodol was injected in the bladder wall during flexible cystoscopy to

Preclinical models for an innovative glioblastoma therapeutical strategy by 188Re-SSS encapsulated in nano-tools: translational view

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cikankowitz, A.; Belloche, C.; Verger, E.; Garcion, E.; Hindre, F.; Chassain, G.; Fellah, B.; Abadie, J.; Chouin, N.; Ibisch, C.; Davodeau, F.; Couez, D.; Lepareur, N.; Lacoeuille, F.; Menei, P.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Aim: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent cancer of the nervous system and therapies currently used cannot treat definitively this disease. By the way of NucSan (Nuclear for health) program which supports research development about the use of radio pharmaceutics in oncology, the aim of the proposed work is to provide evidences that internal radiotherapy through lipid nanocapsules loaded with Rhenium-188 (LNC 188 Re-SSS) is an alternative therapeutic strategy for GBM that can be translated to human medicine. Previous works have shown a remarkable efficiency of this tool among syngeneic rats linked with local and peripheral recruitments of the immune system's effectors. In this context, two animal models have been chosen to validate the feasibility of this new innovative therapy design (LNC 188 Re-SSS stereotactic injection). Materials and methods: the syngeneic six weeks old C57BL/6J female mice were treated 6 or 12 days after stereotactic GL261 cells implantation, by a single injection of increasing activities of LNC 188 Re-SSS (0,925; 1,85 and 2,7 MBq/5μl). MRI was used to follow tumor progression to determine the mass volume through the selection of regions of interest. The increased median survival time (IMST) was also assessed for treated mice versus control mice (stereotactic injection of saline solution). For long time survival animals (3 times the median survival time), they were rechallenged through the same procedure in the other hemisphere. The brachy-cephalic dog bearing spontaneous tumor will lead to additional evidences to specifically highlight the potential of this innovative technology for GBM treatment. In order to validate procedures of intracerebral injections, a stereotactic head frame specially designed for dog has been conceived which allow both images acquisition (MRI-SPECT and PET) and the achievement of biopsies. Results/Perspectives: as previously observed on rat models, the preliminary data show

Determination of rhenium in geologic samples of sandstone-type uranium deposit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Yanan; Wang Xiuqin; Yin Jinshuang

1997-01-01

The thiourea colorimetry method suitable for the determination of samples with rhenium content higher than 5 μg/g is described. The method is characterized by many advantages: stability of analytical results, simplicity and cheapness of reagent, and wide range of analysed samples. The catalytic colorimetry is also applied to determine trace rhenium meeting the demand for comprehensive appraisal of prospecting and exploration, recovery and utilization of rhenium. This method can also be applied to analyse rhenium of other samples

Behavior of Lipiodol Markers During Image Guided Radiotherapy of Bladder Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chai Xiangfei; Herk, Marcel van; Kamer, Jeroen B. van de; Remeijer, Peter; Bex, Axel; Betgen, Anja; De Reijke, Theo M.; Hulshof, Maarten C.C.M.; Pos, Floris J.; Bel, Arjan

2010-01-01

Purpose: To investigate the stability of a novel type of markers used in partial bladder tumor irradiation and tumor deformation as indicated by the markers. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients with solitary bladder cancer, lipiodol was injected in the bladder wall during flexible cystoscopy to identify the tumor. A planning CT scan was made, followed by daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans during treatment. To study the accuracy of using these markers for image guidance, uncertainties U1 and U2 were calculated, which were defined as the difference between submask registration (covering single marker) and the average of all submask registrations and the difference between the submask registration and the general mask registration (including all markers), respectively. Finally, to study tumor deformation, the relative movement of each marker pair was correlated with the relative bladder volume (RBV). Results: The analyzed patients had 2.3 marker injections on average. The lipiodol spot size was 0.72 ± 1.1 cm 3 . The intensity of spots in both CT and CBCT was significantly higher than the surrounding bladder tissue. The uncertainties U1 and U2 were comparable, and the uncertainties in left-right direction (0.14-0.19 cm) were smaller than those in cranial-caudal and anterior-posterior directions (0.19-0.32 cm). The relative marker movement of within-zone marker pairs was much smaller (and has less dependence on the RBV) than across-zones marker pairs. Conclusions: Lipiodol markers are a feasible method to track bladder tumor by using online CBCT. Tumor deformation is observed, especially for tumors that cross the defined bladder zones.

Behavior of Lipiodol Markers During Image Guided Radiotherapy of Bladder Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chai Xiangfei, E-mail: x.chai@amc.uva.n [Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Herk, Marcel van [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Kamer, Jeroen B. van de [Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Remeijer, Peter [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Bex, Axel [Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Betgen, Anja [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands); De Reijke, Theo M [Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Hulshof, Maarten C.C.M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Pos, Floris J [Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Bel, Arjan [Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2010-05-01

Purpose: To investigate the stability of a novel type of markers used in partial bladder tumor irradiation and tumor deformation as indicated by the markers. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients with solitary bladder cancer, lipiodol was injected in the bladder wall during flexible cystoscopy to identify the tumor. A planning CT scan was made, followed by daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans during treatment. To study the accuracy of using these markers for image guidance, uncertainties U1 and U2 were calculated, which were defined as the difference between submask registration (covering single marker) and the average of all submask registrations and the difference between the submask registration and the general mask registration (including all markers), respectively. Finally, to study tumor deformation, the relative movement of each marker pair was correlated with the relative bladder volume (RBV). Results: The analyzed patients had 2.3 marker injections on average. The lipiodol spot size was 0.72 +- 1.1 cm{sup 3}. The intensity of spots in both CT and CBCT was significantly higher than the surrounding bladder tissue. The uncertainties U1 and U2 were comparable, and the uncertainties in left-right direction (0.14-0.19 cm) were smaller than those in cranial-caudal and anterior-posterior directions (0.19-0.32 cm). The relative marker movement of within-zone marker pairs was much smaller (and has less dependence on the RBV) than across-zones marker pairs. Conclusions: Lipiodol markers are a feasible method to track bladder tumor by using online CBCT. Tumor deformation is observed, especially for tumors that cross the defined bladder zones.

The experimental study of VEGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with lipiodol in arterial embolization of liver cancer in rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Hanping; Feng Gansheng; Li Xin; Liang Huimin; Zheng Chuansheng

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the inhibitory effects of VEGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODN) on cultured Walker-256 cells' VEGF expression, and to observe the anti-tumor effects of intraarterial infusion of asODN mixed with lipiodol on rat liver cancer. Methods: VEGF asODN and sense ODN were added to the media of non-serum cultured Walker-256 cells, and the VEGF concentrations of the supernatants were detected by using ELISA 48 hours later. Cells of endothelial cell line ECV-304 were cultured in the supernatants. The growth of ECV-304 cells was observed by MTT method. 30 rats with Walker-256 carcinoma cells implanted into left liver lobe were randomly divided into 3 groups. 0.2 ml ultra-fluid lipiodol (UFLP group, n=10), 3OD asODN mixed with 0.2 ml ultra-fluid lipiodol (UFLP + asODN group, n=10), and 0.2 ml normal saline (control group, n=10) were infused into the hepatic artery. The volumes of tumors were measured by using MRI before and 7 days after the treatment. VEGF mRNA in cancerous and peri-cancerous tissues was detected by RT-PCR. The microvessel density (MVD) and VEGF expression were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results: asODN could inhibit Walker-256 cells' VEGF expression. The tumor growth rate was lower in UFLP + asODN group than that in UFLP and control groups [(140.1±33.8)%, (177.9±64.9)%, and (403.9± 69.4)%, respectively, F=60.02, P 0.05). The MVD in UFLP + asODN group (53.1±18.4) was significantly less than that of control group (73.2±20.4) and UFLP group (80.3±18.5) (F=5.44, P<0.05). Conclusion: VEGF asODN could inhibit VEGF expression of Walker-256 cells. It may be an antiangiogenesis therapy drug in malignant tumor. VEGF asODN mixed with UFLP in embolizing liver cancer could decrease liver cancer growth, VEGF expression, and microvessel density better than UFLP alone

Work function of carburized rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pallmer, P.G. Jr.; Gordon, R.L.; Dresser, M.J.

1980-01-01

Variations of the electronic work function of carburized rhenium foils containing approximately 5 at.% carbon have been observed using the contact potential difference technique. Surface work function was observed to vary between 5.25 and 4.1 eV, with the work function of pure rhenium taken as 5.0 eV. Decrease in work function has been ascribed to the formation of graphitic layers on the surface at temperatures below the temperature of saturated solubility. The high work function surface was observed with all carbon in solution and has been ascribed to the presence of amorphous carbon near the surface

Labeling of MDP with 188Re for bone tumour therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbezan, Angelica B.; Osso Junior, Joao A.

2011-01-01

188 Re is one of the most attractive radioisotopes for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, due to its physical decay properties, such as β - emission of 2.12 MeV, γ emission of 155 keV and half life of 16.9 hours. Biphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and are effective in several diseases that cause bone fragility and bone metastases. Because of these characteristics, labeled biphosphonates have been studied for bone pathologies, also acting as palliation of bone pain in case of metastasis.The aim of this study was to optimize the labeling of a phosphonate-MDP (Sodium Methylene Diphosphonate) with 188 Re for use in bone pain palliation. 188 Re was obtained by eluting a 188 W- 188 Re generator from POLATOM. The labeling was performed at room temperature using MDP, SnCl 2 as reducing agent and ascorbic acid. The variables studied were: Mass of ligand (3, 6 and 10 mg), reducing agent mass (5, 7, 10 and 11 mg), ascorbic acid mass (1, 3, 5 and 6 mg), pH (1 and 2) and time of reaction (15, 60, 120, 360 and 4320 minutes), that also reflected the stability of the radiopharmaceutical. The radiochemical control, that also measures the labeling efficiency was evaluated by paper chromatography using Whatman 3MM paper and the solvents acetone and 0.9%NaCl. The best formulation was the following: Mass of ligand MDP: 10 mg, mass of SnCl 2 : 5 mg, ascorbic acid mass: 3 mg, time of reaction: 30 minutes, pH: 1. Under optimum conditions, 188 Re MDP radiolabeling yield was 98,07% and the radiopharmaceutical was stable up to 72 h. (author)

Accelerator Production and Separations for High Specific Activity Rhenium-186

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jurisson, Silvia S. [Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States); Wilbur, D. Scott [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

2016-04-01

Tungsten and osmium targets were evaluated for the production of high specific activity rhenium-186. Rhenium-186 has potential applications in radiotherapy for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including targeting with monoclonal antibodies and peptides. Methods were evaluated using tungsten metal, tungsten dioxide, tungsten disulfide and osmium disulfide. Separation of the rhenium-186 produced and recycling of the enriched tungsten-186 and osmium-189 enriched targets were developed.

Electrocatalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction by rhenium oxides electrodeposited by pulsed-current

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vargas-Uscategui, Alejandro; Mosquera, Edgar; Chornik, Boris; Cifuentes, Luis

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Rhenium oxides were produced by means of pulsed current electrodeposition over ITO. • The electrocatalytic behavior of rhenium oxides electrodeposited over ITO was studied. • Electrodeposited rhenium oxides showed electrocatalytic behavior increasing the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction. • The electrocatalysis behavior was explained considering the relative abundance of Re species on the surface of the electrodeposited material. - Abstract: Rhenium oxides are materials of interest for applications in the catalysis of reactions such as those occurring in fuel cells and photoelectrochemical cells. This research work was devoted to the production of rhenium oxide by means of pulsed current electrodeposition for the electrocatalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Rhenium oxides were electrodeposited over a transparent conductive oxide substrate (Indium Tin-doped Oxide – ITO) in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte. The electrodeposition process allowed the production of rhenium oxides islands (200–600 nm) with the presence of three oxidized rhenium species: Re"I"V associated to ReO_2, Re"V"I associated to ReO_3 and Re"V"I"I associated to H(ReO_4)H_2O. Electrodeposited rhenium oxides showed electrocatalytic behavior over the HER and an increase of one order of magnitude of the exchange current density was observed compared to the reaction taking place on the bare substrate. The electrocatalytic behavior varied with the morphology and relative abundance of oxidized rhenium species in the electrodeposits. Finally, two mechanisms of electrocatalysis were proposed to explain experimental results.

Target localization of 3D versus 4D cone beam computed tomography in lipiodol-guided stereotactic radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinomas.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Mark; Chiang, Chi Leung; Lee, Venus; Cheung, Steven; Leung, Ronnie; Wong, Matthew; Lee, Frankle; Blanck, Oliver

2017-01-01

Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the accuracy of respiration-correlated (4D) and uncorrelated (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in localizing lipiodolized hepatocellular carcinomas during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). 4D-CBCT scans of eighteen HCCs were acquired during free-breathing SBRT following trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) with lipiodol. Approximately 1320 x-ray projections per 4D-CBCT were collected and phase-sorted into ten bins. A 4D registration workflow was followed to register the reconstructed time-weighted average CBCT with the planning mid-ventilation (MidV) CT by an initial bone registration of the vertebrae and then tissue registration of the lipiodol. For comparison, projections of each 4D-CBCT were combined to synthesize 3D-CBCT without phase-sorting. Using the lipiodolized tumor, uncertainties of the treatment setup estimated from the absolute and relative lipiodol position to bone were analyzed separately for 4D- and 3D-CBCT. Qualitatively, 3D-CBCT showed better lipiodol contrast than 4D-CBCT primarily because of a tenfold increase of projections used for reconstruction. Motion artifact was observed to subside in 4D-CBCT compared to 3D-CBCT. Group mean, systematic and random errors estimated from 4D- and 3D-CBCT agreed to within 1 mm in the cranio-caudal (CC) and 0.5 mm in the anterior-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) directions. Systematic and random errors are largest in the CC direction, amounting to 4.7 mm and 3.7 mm from 3D-CBCT and 5.6 mm and 3.8 mm from 4D-CBCT, respectively. Safety margin calculated from 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT differed by 2.1, 0.1 and 0.0 mm in the CC, AP, and LR directions. 3D-CBCT is an adequate alternative to 4D-CBCT when lipoid is used for localizing HCC during free-breathing SBRT. Similar margins are anticipated with 3D- and 4D-CBCT.

An experimental study on the effect of mixture of absolute ethanol and lipiodol injected into normal liver of rabbit : CT features and histopathologic changes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Mee Ran; Kim, Yun Hwan; Cha, In Ho; Chung, Kyoo Byung; Suh, Won Hyuk; Um, Soon Ho; Choi, Young Hee

1999-01-01

To investigate the safety and usefulness of Lipiodol-percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection(LPEI) and to determine the appropriate concentration of Lipiodol during L-PEI. This was achieved by evalvating CT findings and histopathologic changes according to the concentration of Lipiodol, amount of ethanol, and the time interval after injection into normal rabbit liver. This experimental study involved 18 New Zealand rabbits under US guidance. They were divided into five groups according to injected materials; two rabbits with 0.4cc of normal saline(group I), six with 0.4cc of ethanol in the left hepatic lobe(group II), and 0.4cc of Lipiodol in the right hepatic lobe(group III), five rabbits with 5% Lipiodol-ethanol(5% vol. of Lipiodol+95% vol. of ethanol), 0.2cc in the right hepatic lobe, and 0.4cc in the left(group IV); and five rabbits with 10% Lipiodol-ethanol as per group IV(group V). CT was performed immediately, one week, two weeks, and three-four weeks after injection, and pathologic specimens were obtained on the third day(acute phase) and during the third or fourth week(chronic phase) after injection. On CT, intrahepatic localization of the L-PEI injection site was well demonstrated as a focal high attenuated area which gradually decreased in attenuation on follow up CT. The opacification of the inferior vena cava by Lipiodol, the linear distribution of Lipiodol along portal veins or fissures, and peritoneal leakage were clearly demonstrated in groups III-V, though the effects gradually disappeared during follow-up CT. There was no remarkable difference in gross CT attenuation between group IV and group V. The main pathologic findings during the acute phase of group II were coagulation necrosis surrounded by macrophage, inflammatory reaction, and early periportal and subcapsular fibrosis. The findings in group IV and V were similar to those in group II and additional fat vacuole accumulations in the necrotic area were also seen. During the chronic phase

Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation

Science.gov (United States)

John, David A.

2015-01-01

Rhenium is a silvery-white, metallic element with an extremely high melting point (3,180 degrees Celsius) and a heat-stable crystalline structure, making it exceptionally resistant to heat and wear. Since the late 1980s, rhenium has been critical for superalloys used in turbine blades and in catalysts used to produce lead-free gasoline.

Preliminary studies with 188Rhenium-tin colloid for radiation synovectomy: preparation, size determination, in vivo distribution, effects and dosimetry studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathe, D.; Balogh, L.; Polyak, A.; Kiraly, R.; Andocs, G.; Janoki, G. A.; Chaudhari, P.R.; Perge, E.; Glavits, R.

2002-01-01

Generator-produced beta-emitting radionuclides such 188R e are gaining in importance for radiosynoviorthesis because of their availability on a regular basis. We prepared a 188 Re-tin colloid in reaction carried out either at 100 o C or at room temperature (RT). The size of the colloid particles was measured with a laser light-scattering method, and their biodistribution, dosimetric aspects and therapeutic effects were studied in an antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rabbits. 188R e-tin colloid solution was injected intraarticularly into the knee joints of rabbits with AIA and imaging studies were performed. Blood samples were collected post injection for estimation of the blood residence time. We also injected 2 intact rabbits in the same manner with 188R e perrhenate solution in order to observe its effects and distribution in the body. All the treated rabbit knees were subjected to histopathology.The colloid particle size distribution was different after preparation at the different reaction temperatures, with a more suitable mean of 4.53 μm in the RT preparation. The dose delivered to the synovial surface was between 3.51 and 4.21 Gy and that to the bone surface was between 0.70 and 0.84 Gy. Histopathologic examination revealed the development of fibrous connective tissue in the AIA knees 4 weeks after treatment, but not in the control group. The 188R e-tin colloid preparation used in study was suitable for radiation synovectomy application. It requires modifications in the preparation protocol so as to increase the labelling efficiency in correlation with an appropriate particle size. (author)

Effect of rhenium addition on tungsten fuzz formation in helium plasmas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khan, Aneeqa, E-mail: aneeqa.khan-3@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk [School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); De Temmerman, Gregory [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046 - 13067 St Paul Lez Durance Cedex (France); Morgan, Thomas W. [FOM Institute DIFFER – Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Eindhoven (Netherlands); Ward, Michael B. [Institute for Materials Research, School of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (United Kingdom)

2016-06-15

The effect of the addition of rhenium to tungsten on the formation of a nanostructure referred to as ‘fuzz’ when exposed to helium plasmas at fusion relevant ion fluxes was investigated in the Magnum and Pilot PSI devices at the FOM Institute DIFFER. The effect rhenium had on fuzz growth was seen to be dependent on time, temperature and flux. Initial fuzz growth was seen to be highly dependent on grain orientation, with rhenium having little effect. Once the fuzz was fully developed, the effect of grain orientation disappeared and the rhenium had an inhibiting effect on growth. This could be beneficial for inhibiting fuzz growth in a future fusion reactor, where transmutation of tungsten to rhenium is expected. It also appears that erosion or annealing of the fuzz is limiting growth of fuzz at higher temperatures in the range of ∼1340 °C.

Effect of rhenium addition on tungsten fuzz formation in helium plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Aneeqa; De Temmerman, Gregory; Morgan, Thomas W.; Ward, Michael B.

2016-01-01

The effect of the addition of rhenium to tungsten on the formation of a nanostructure referred to as ‘fuzz’ when exposed to helium plasmas at fusion relevant ion fluxes was investigated in the Magnum and Pilot PSI devices at the FOM Institute DIFFER. The effect rhenium had on fuzz growth was seen to be dependent on time, temperature and flux. Initial fuzz growth was seen to be highly dependent on grain orientation, with rhenium having little effect. Once the fuzz was fully developed, the effect of grain orientation disappeared and the rhenium had an inhibiting effect on growth. This could be beneficial for inhibiting fuzz growth in a future fusion reactor, where transmutation of tungsten to rhenium is expected. It also appears that erosion or annealing of the fuzz is limiting growth of fuzz at higher temperatures in the range of ∼1340 °C.

188W→188Re generator for biomedical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamioki, Hiroshi; Mirzadeh, S.; Lambrecht, R.M.; Knapp, R. Jr.; Dadachova, K.

1994-01-01

An alumina-based 188 W → 188 Re generator was evaluated for 188 Re yield and elution profile and 188 W breakthrough using various reagents for a three-month period. To address the problem of low specific volume, the generator was eluted with reagents which could be easily destroyed by gentle evaporation from acidic solutions (e.g. NH 4 Cl and NH 4 NO 3 ). We also evaluated a proposed ''alumina/anion-exchange'' tandem generator for the preparation of highly purified 188 Re as perrhenic acid. In parallel studies, the adsorption dynamics of tungsten on alumina showed a sharp rise in the tungsten breakthrough at W/Al 2 O 3 ratio of ∼ 120 mg/g corresponding to a distribution constant of ∼ 8400 from nitrate solution at 0.05 M ionic strength. In adsorption on anion exchange resins, carrier-free 188 Re exhibited a behavior very similar to that of macroscopic quantities of Re. These studies further demonstrated the long and useful shelf-life of 188 W → 188 Re generator. (orig.)

β-radiation exposure with 188Re-labelled pharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andreeff, M.; Wunderlich, G.; Kotzerke, J.; Behge, K.; Schoenmuth, Th.

2005-01-01

Aim: The number of therapies with radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 188 Re is increasing requiring the documentation of the beta radiation exposure Hp(0.07) of the staff at all working and production sites and during the application and follow-up of the patient according to the new German Radiation Protection Law (StrlSchV). However, data for β-radiation exposure are rare. Therefore, we determined the personal dose Hp(0.07) of the skin of the hands handling 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals to identify steps of high radiation exposure and to optimize working conditions. Method: Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD 100) were fixed to the fingertips of the radiochemist, the physician and the nurse and compared to official ring dosimeters. In addition, to monitor radiation exposure continuously readable electronic beta- and gamma dosimeters EPD (Siemens) were used. At eight days in which therapies were performed these readings were evaluated. Results: Considering one therapy with a 188 Re-labelled radiopharmaceutical the middle finger of the radiochemist (production) and the physician (application) showed a radiation burden of 894 and 664 μSv/GBq, respectively. The cumulative dose of the fingertips after eight days of therapy was 249 and 110 mSv for the radiochemist and physician, respectively. A cumulative finger dose after eight days of therapy of 17 and 39 μSv/GBq was found for physician and nurse leading to a Hp(0.07) of 3 and 6 mSv, respectively. Preparing the radiopharmaceutical labelled with 20 GBq of 188 Re the reading of the personal electronic dosimeter of the radiochemist showed a γ-dose rate Hp(10) of 55 μSv/h and a β-dose rate Hp(0.07) of 663 μSv/h which are obviously not representative for the true radiation dose to the skin of the fingertips. Conclusion: During therapy with 188 Re-labelled radiopharmaceuticals the true radiation dose to the skin of the finger tips exceeds by far the readings of the official ring dosimeters as well as the continuously

Determination of rhenium in ores of complex composition by the kinetic method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pavlova, L G; Gurkina, T V [Kazakhskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Alma-Ata (USSR); Tsentral' naya Lab. Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskogo Geologicheskogo Upravleniya, Alma-Ata (USSR))

1979-09-01

The kinetic rhenium determination method is proposed based on rhenium catalytic effect in the reaction of malachite green with thiourea. The accompanying elements, excluding molybdenum, do not interfere with the rhenium determination at their concentration of up to 0.1 M. The interfering influence of molybdenum can be eliminated by addition of tartaric acid to the solution up to the concentration of 0.1 M. This enables to determine rhenium in presence of 1000-fold quantity of molybdenum. The method is applicable for the analysis of complex copper-zinc sulphide ores.

Nipponium, the element ascribable to rhenium from the modern chemical viewpoint

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshihara, H.K. [Japan Isotope Data Inst., Sendai (Japan)

1997-11-01

Though the discovery of nipponium by Ogawa in 1908 was judged to be false and his work was forgotten for many years, the new element he believed to have found should be ascribed to rhenium (z = 75) by the following reasons: (1) the spectral line of 4882 A agrees well with the present data of rhenium, (2) recalculation of the atomic weight of the element supports the value in the neighbourhood of 185 which is very close to the present value 186.2 of rhenium, and (3) rhenium is actually present in Japanese molybdenite he studied. Therefore, it is concluded that his discovery of the `new` element was correct, but assignment of z = 43 was wrong. (orig.)

Method of stably radiolabeling antibodies with technetium and rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paik, C.H.; Reba, R.C.; Eckelman, W.C.

1987-01-01

A method is described for labeling antibodies or antibody fragments with radionuclides of technetium or rhenium to obtain stable labeling, comprising: reacting a reduced radioisotope of technetium or rhenium with an antibody or antibody fragment, or a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated antibody or antibody fragment, in the presence of free or carrier-bound diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The amount of DTPA is sufficient to substantially completely inhibit binding of the reduced technetium or rhenium to nonstable binding sites of the antibody or antibody fragment, or the DTPA-conjugated antibody or antibody fragment. The resultant stably labeled antibody or antibody fragment, or DTPA[conjugated antibody or antibody fragment is recovered

188W/188Re Generator System and Its Therapeutic Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Boschi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The 188Re radioisotope represents a useful radioisotope for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic applications, particularly because of its favorable nuclear properties. The nuclide decay pattern is through the emission of a principle beta particle having 2.12 MeV maximum energy, which is enough to penetrate and destroy abnormal tissues, and principle gamma rays (Eγ=155 keV, which can efficiently be used for imaging and calculations of radiation dose. 188Re may be conveniently produced by 188W/188Re generator systems. The challenges related to the double neutron capture reaction route to provide only modest yield of the parent 188W radionuclide indeed have been one of the major issues about the use of 188Re in nuclear medicine. Since the specific activity of 188W used in the generator is relatively low (<185 GBq/g, the eluted Re188O4- can have a low radioactive concentration, often ineffective for radiopharmaceutical preparation. However, several efficient postelution concentration techniques have been developed, which yield clinically useful Re188O4- solutions. This review summarizes the technologies developed for the preparation of 188W/188Re generators, postelution concentration of the 188Re perrhenate eluate, and a brief discussion of new chemical strategies available for the very high yield preparation of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals.

Labeling of MDP with {sup 188}Re for bone tumour therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barbezan, Angelica B.; Osso Junior, Joao A., E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

{sup 188}Re is one of the most attractive radioisotopes for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, due to its physical decay properties, such as {beta}{sup -} emission of 2.12 MeV, {gamma} emission of 155 keV and half life of 16.9 hours. Biphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and are effective in several diseases that cause bone fragility and bone metastases. Because of these characteristics, labeled biphosphonates have been studied for bone pathologies, also acting as palliation of bone pain in case of metastasis.The aim of this study was to optimize the labeling of a phosphonate-MDP (Sodium Methylene Diphosphonate) with {sup 188}Re for use in bone pain palliation. {sup 188}Re was obtained by eluting a {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator from POLATOM. The labeling was performed at room temperature using MDP, SnCl{sub 2} as reducing agent and ascorbic acid. The variables studied were: Mass of ligand (3, 6 and 10 mg), reducing agent mass (5, 7, 10 and 11 mg), ascorbic acid mass (1, 3, 5 and 6 mg), pH (1 and 2) and time of reaction (15, 60, 120, 360 and 4320 minutes), that also reflected the stability of the radiopharmaceutical. The radiochemical control, that also measures the labeling efficiency was evaluated by paper chromatography using Whatman 3MM paper and the solvents acetone and 0.9%NaCl. The best formulation was the following: Mass of ligand MDP: 10 mg, mass of SnCl{sub 2}: 5 mg, ascorbic acid mass: 3 mg, time of reaction: 30 minutes, pH: 1. Under optimum conditions, {sup 188}Re MDP radiolabeling yield was 98,07% and the radiopharmaceutical was stable up to 72 h. (author)

Uterine artery embolization with Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Yanhao; Liu Biao; Zeng Qingle; Jiang Zhongpu; Chen Yong; Huang Weilang; Shen Qi; Zhao Zhongqing

2000-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of uterine arterial embolization with Pingyangmycin(a homogenous bleomycin) lipiodol emulsion(PLE) for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Methods: Uterine arterial embolization with PLE was performed in 25 patients. The improvement of symptoms and uterine size changes were followed up in 3-18 months(mean 6 months) after the procedure. Results: All but 2 cases were successfully treated bilaterally. Super-selective angiography showed enlargement of uterine artery, accompanied by tortuous branches. The uterine size was increased. The uterus itself was significantly stained and emptied slowly. Coagulation necrosis was found in resected fibroids after embolization in 3 patients. One month after the procedure, a mean 40% reduction of uterine volume was obtained in 18 followed-up cases. The clinical symptoms were relieved significantly. The main side effects were hypogastric pain(13/25),which was intense in 6 cases. Conclusion: Uterine arterial embolization with PLE is a good non-surgical therapy in symptomatic uterine fibroids with mild side effects

Determination of rhenium in molybdenite by neutron-activation analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Terada, K; Yoshimura, Y; Osaki, S; Kiba, T

1967-01-01

A neutron-activation method is described for the determination of rhenium in molybdenite. Radiochemical separation by a carrier technique was carried out very rapidly by means of successive liquid-liquid extraction processes. The recovery of rhenium, which was determined by a spectrophotometric method, was about 93%. About 10 samples could be analysed within 6 hr in parallel runs.

Experimental dosimetry and kinetics of radioactive tracers for human applications: example of therapeutic injection of Lipiodol labelled with Iodine 131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed Mahidi, N.

1992-10-01

We have evaluated the radiation dose received by the liver and lungs for 10 patients with a hepatic carcinoma after surgical operation followed by a therapeutic dose of Lipiodol labelled with iodine 131. The cumulated activities have been obtained by using a calibrated gamma camera. Fixation and kinetics of the I 131 Lipiodol in normal and cancers livers have been measured with the determination of the effective and biological half-lives. The calculated doses are based on the MIRD method. Results confirm that Lipiodol fixation is important in the liver at J1 (about 74% of the injected activity). Its elimination is essentially urinary, pulmonary fixation remained low, the dose received by the healthy part of liver is acceptable. These values have been compared with those obtained by another method using a thermoluminescent dosimeter (LiF) installed on the skin over the liver. Comparison between results obtained by the 2 methods shows a good correlation

Studies of HEDP labelled with 188Re from different generators of 188W /188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marczewski, Barbara Szot

2006-01-01

The widespread interest in 188 Re for therapeutic applications, is due to its attractive 16,9 hours half-life, emission of a β - particle with maximum energy of 2.12 MeV and gamma-ray of 155 keV suitable for imaging. This work presents the radiolabelling of HEDP (etidronate) with 188 Re eluted from alumina-based 188 W/ 188 Re generators and tungstate-based 188 W/ 188 Re gel generators. Dependence of the yield of the 18 '8Re-HEDP on the concentration of the reduction agent, p H, reaction time, temperature and addition of carrier Re 2 O 7 were evaluated. The radiolabelling of 188 Re-HEDP procedure using the optimum conditions resulted a yield >= 98% for liquid and lyophilized kits. This basic formulation contains: 30 mg de HEDP, 7 mg de SnCl 2 , 3 mg de ascorbic acid and addition of 20 mug of Re 2 O 7 . The reactions were carried out with heating in boiling water for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of incubation. Another important aspect of this work was the radiochemical quality control comparing the results of PC, TLC and ion chromatography, along with the experiments with HPLC. The biological distribution proved the adequate bone uptake and in vivo stability of 188 Re-HEDP complexes. (author)

Country report: Brazil. Development of Radiopharmaceuticals Based on {sup 188}Re and {sup 90}Y for Radionuclide Therapy at IPEN-CNEN/SP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osso, Jr., J. A.; Barrio, G.; Dias, C. R.B.R.; Brambilla, T. P.; Dantas, D. M.; Suzuki, K. N.; Barboza, M. F.S.; Bortoleti, E.; Fukumori, N. T.; Mengatti, J. [Radiopharmacy Center – Institute of Energetic and Nuclear Research – IPE N-CNEN/SP, São Paulo – Brazil (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The overall objective of this CRP is to develop radiopharmaceuticals for targeted therapy using {sup 188}Re and {sup 90}Y and to study the performance of generators with long lived parent radionuclides as well as to validate the QC control procedures for estimating the purity of generator eluents. The CRP is expected to enhance the capability in production of {sup 90}Y and {sup 188}Re radiopharmaceuticals to meet the increasing demand of therapeutic products for clinical applications, in particular in Brazil. In this period efforts were made towards the assembling of {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y generators, quality control of {sup 90}Y, the labelling of DMSA(V) and anti-CD20 with {sup 188}Re and the labelling of Hydroxiapatite(HA) with {sup 90}Y. (author)

Radiopharmacy requirements in the context of advances in radionuclide therapy (RNT)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramamoorthy, N.

2004-01-01

Full text: The advances in the use of radiopharmaceutical products for radionuclide therapy (RNT) are accompanied by additional demands on the facilities and practices in hospital based and centralized radiopharmacies. In general, therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals meant for systemic administration should be preferably availed as ready-to-use products from a licensed source. Amongst the radionuclides for therapy being evaluated extensively, a few such as the generator produced 188 Re (T 1/2 17 h), would warrant additional formulation processing steps at the hospital end and it is required to institute appropriate validated protocols. 188 Re is eluted from a 188 W- 188 Re generator and is often used after post-elution concentration involving use of ion exchanger columns in tandem. The radiochemical purity of the final formulation e.g. 188 Re-HEDP, 188 Re-lipiodol, etc. and the breakthrough of the long-lived parent nuclide 188 W in 188 Re have to be reliably ascertained and certified for compliance with the stipulated standards. The equipment and other facilities required would depend on the nature and range of products handled. In the event of use of another important therapeutic radionuclide, 90 Y (T 1/2 64 h) (sourced from 90 Sr- 90 Y generator), a pure beta emitter, the assay of activity and the breakthrough of 90Sr in 90Y would involve using special techniques. Also, in view of the long half-life of the parent nuclides, 188 W (T 1/2 70 d) and 90 Sr (T 1/2 28.3 y), in turn, the shelf-life of the generators, greater care in aseptic practices in the operation and maintenance of the generators is essential to assure pharmaceutical safety. Reliable validated practices need to be evolved leading to establishing SOP for formulation, QC testing and certification, as well as institution of necessary calibration protocols. There can be differences in mandatory regulations depending on the national authorities/systems. Wherever, the licensing of the radiopharmacist and

A comparative study of electrochemical and optical properties of rhenium deposited on gold and platinum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zerbino, Jorge O.; Castro Luna, Ana M.; Martins, M. E. [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires (Argentina). Inst. de Investigaciones Fisico-Quimicas, Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)]. E-mail: mmartins@inifta.unlp.edu.ar; Zinola, Carlos F.; Mendez, Eduardo [Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Lab. de Electroquimica Fundamental

2002-08-01

Rhenium-containing films were grown on gold and platinum after different potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarizations in the - 0.20 V to 0.70 V range (vs rhe) in aqueous acid perrhenate. Experimental data were obtained using cyclic voltammetry and ellipsometry, from which the thickness and optical indices of the electrodeposited rhenium layer were calculated. Metallic rhenium deposition on gold takes place at potentials within the hydrogen evolution reaction. Rhenium oxide on platinum is formed in the hydrogen adatom potential domain, whereas metallic rhenium is deposited concurrently with the hydrogen adsorption and evolution reactions on the same metal. (author)

A comparative study of electrochemical and optical properties of rhenium deposited on gold and platinum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zerbino Jorge O.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Rhenium-containing films were grown on gold and platinum after different potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarizations in the - 0.20 V to 0.70 V range (vs rhe in aqueous acid perrhenate. Experimental data were obtained using cyclic voltammetry and ellipsometry, from which the thickness and optical indices of the electrodeposited rhenium layer were calculated. Metallic rhenium deposition on gold takes place at potentials within the hydrogen evolution reaction. Rhenium oxide on platinum is formed in the hydrogen adatom potential domain, whereas metallic rhenium is deposited concurrently with the hydrogen adsorption and evolution reactions on the same metal.

New leads for fragment-based design of rhenium/technetium radiopharmaceutical agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Brink, Alice; Helliwell, John R

2017-05-01

Multiple possibilities for the coordination of fac -[Re(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + to a protein have been determined and include binding to Asp, Glu, Arg and His amino-acid residues as well as to the C-terminal carboxylate in the vicinity of Leu and Pro. The large number of rhenium metal complex binding sites that have been identified on specific residues thereby allow increased target identification for the design of future radiopharmaceuticals. The core experimental concept involved the use of state-of-art tuneable synchrotron radiation at the Diamond Light Source to optimize the rhenium anomalous dispersion signal to a large value ( f '' of 12.1 electrons) at its L I absorption edge with a selected X-ray wavelength of 0.9763 Å. At the Cu  K α X-ray wavelength (1.5418 Å) the f '' for rhenium is 5.9 electrons. The expected peak-height increase owing to the optimization of the Re f '' was therefore 2.1. This X-ray wavelength tuning methodology thereby showed the lower occupancy rhenium binding sites as well as the occupancies of the higher occupancy rhenium binding sites.

New leads for fragment-based design of rhenium/technetium radiopharmaceutical agents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alice Brink

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Multiple possibilities for the coordination of fac-[Re(CO3(H2O3]+ to a protein have been determined and include binding to Asp, Glu, Arg and His amino-acid residues as well as to the C-terminal carboxylate in the vicinity of Leu and Pro. The large number of rhenium metal complex binding sites that have been identified on specific residues thereby allow increased target identification for the design of future radiopharmaceuticals. The core experimental concept involved the use of state-of-art tuneable synchrotron radiation at the Diamond Light Source to optimize the rhenium anomalous dispersion signal to a large value (f′′ of 12.1 electrons at its LI absorption edge with a selected X-ray wavelength of 0.9763 Å. At the Cu Kα X-ray wavelength (1.5418 Å the f′′ for rhenium is 5.9 electrons. The expected peak-height increase owing to the optimization of the Re f′′ was therefore 2.1. This X-ray wavelength tuning methodology thereby showed the lower occupancy rhenium binding sites as well as the occupancies of the higher occupancy rhenium binding sites.

Manufacture and properties of molybdenum-rhenium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, B.; Freund, D.

2001-01-01

It is necessary to measure strength and creep behavior to guarantee the safe and reliable usage of refractory alloys at extremely high temperatures. In the literature there is very little information available about the properties of Mo-Re alloys at temperatures higher than 1000 C. A special test facility has been designed and built for stress-rupture testing at very high temperatures (up to 3000 C) of refractory metals and alloys in inert atmospheres. - The stress-rupture strength as well as the creep behavior of molybdenum-rhenium alloys with rhenium contents between 41 and 51 wt.% have been determined at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 2000 C, and rupture times of up to 10 hours using this facility. Previous measurements of stress-rupture strength and creep behavior of pure rhenium have been compared with the measurement results of Mo-Re alloys. - The discussion of the values measured is based on metallographic test results and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Mo-Re alloy samples after stress-rupture testing. (orig.) [de

Sodium alginate microsphere combined with pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion for clinical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the liver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Miao; Zhang Jinshan; Deng Liping

2010-01-01

Objective: To further reduce the adverse reactions of vascular embolization therapy for cavernous hemangioma of the liver (CHL) in order to find better embolizing agents. Methods: Sixty CHL patients were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: embolization therapy with sodium alginate microsphere(SAM) + pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion (PLE) (group SAM + PLE), PLE (group PLE) and SAM (group SAM). The routine postoperative symptomatic treatments were conducted, including odynolysis, liver-protection and antiinflammatory therapy. The liver function and the intraoperative or postoperative discomfort symptoms before and 7 days after operation, and the changes in tumors were examined with CT scan. Clinical symptoms 3 months after operation were respectively compared. Results: The greatest impact on liver function was seen in group PLE among the three groups. The maximum intraoperative or postoperative discomfort symptoms were seen in group SAM, but the therapeutic effectiveness of the three groups had no significant difference. Conclusion: SAM + PLE is a safe and effective embolizing agent, being user-friendly, minor in the effect on liver function and light in the intraoperative and postoperative reaction. It is recommended that SAM + PLE be widely used for cavernous hemangioma of the liver. (authors)

Liposomes as carriers of the beta-emitters rhenium-186 and rhenium-188 for use in radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haefeli, U.

1989-01-01

The two radioisotopes Re-186 and Re-188 are highly favoured as therapeutic nuclides in nuclear medicine due to their unique radiation characteristics. For application in future (e.g. radiosynoviorthesis of the knee) we have chosen liposomes as biodegradable and non-irriting carriers. They were filled with radioactive Re in therapeutic doses of >370 MBq (10 mCi). 1. Small unilamellar liposomes (SUV's) of an average size of 28 nm were prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. They encapsulated only 0.64% of the perrhenate. 2. Liposomes carrying DTPA-SA in their bilayer (SA=octadecylamine) were produced in order to form a complex with Tc and Re. Technetium was complexed in high yield and the Tc-DTPA-liposome bindings were found to be stable when tested by dialysis. Similar attempts to complex Re were not successful because the amount of Sn(+II) required for the reduction was so high that the liposomes were destroyed. 3. Methylthiosemicarbazide (mts) was coupled covalently to aminomethylpolystyrene. These spheres were used as a very convenient and simple model for testing the labelling-yield and the stability of the Re-mts-complex. 4. Two isomers of the complex ReO(OEt)Cl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (Rephos) were characterized. These highly lipid-soluble inactive complexes were irradiated by neutrons and then used to prepare a mixed micelle with egg yolk lecithin and the detergent sodium deoxycholate. Liposomes were produced in a size of 60-80 nm in a very simple way by gelfiltration. Up to 53.5% of the radioactive Rephos was incorporated. Monitoring the stability by dialysis an initial loss of 10-15% and subsequent linear decrease were observed. The daily loss could be reduced to 1.0% by the addition of ascorbic acid. After 8 days, 82% of the initial activity still remained in the vesicles. 5. [ReO 2 (en) 2 ]Cl.2H 2 O and [ReO 2 (1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane)]Cl were synthesized and characterized. 6. A direct enzymatic method to determine the remaining cholate in liposomes was developed

Synthesis of novel '4+1' Tc(III)/Re(III) mixed-ligand complexes with dendritically modified ligands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gniazdowska, E.; Kuenstler, J.U.; Stephan, H.; Pietzsch, H.J.

2006-01-01

Coordination chemistry of technetium and rhenium attracts a considerable interest due to the nuclear medicine applications of their radionuclides. Inert, so-called '3+1' or '4+1' technetium/rhenium mixed-ligand complexes open a new way to application of 99 mTc/ 188 Re labeled compounds in tumor diagnosis and therapy. In the presented paper, authors describe the synthesis and study of novel 99 mTc/ 188 Re complexes with dendritically functionalized tetradentate (tripodal chelator 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(ethanethiol), NS 3 and carboxyl group-bearing ligand, NS 3 (COOH) 3 ) and monodentate (dendritically modified isocyanide, CN-R(COOMe) 3 and isocyanide-modified peptide, CN-GGY) ligands. To verify the identity of the prepared n.c.a. complexes, non-radioactive analogous '4+1' Re compounds were synthesized. The experimental data show that a dendritic modification of the tetradentate/monodentate ligands changes the complex lipophilicity and does not influence its stability

Electrodialysis separation of rhenium from silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prasolova, O.D.; Borisova, L.V.; Ermakov, A.N.

1989-01-01

A method of separation of ruthenium from silicon by electrodialysis with heterogenuos ion-exchange membranes is developed. The effeciency of purification of rhenium from silicon depending on the number of dialyzer chambers, temperature and pH value of the dialyzate is studed. It is found that an addditional fourth chamber between the middle and anolytic ones causes the purification coefficient increase 50 times. It is necessary to cool the dialyzate in order to reduce silicon migration into the anolyte and reverse diffusion of perrhenate-ion from the anolyte into the dialyzate. The optimal pH value of diaizate is 5.5-6. The method developed has been used for separating rhenium from industrial solution of lead production with complex composition

Nuclear medicine program progress report for quarter ending December 31, 1996

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Beets, A.L.; Boll, R.; Luo, H.; McPherson, D.W.; Mirzadeh, S.

1997-03-20

In this report the authors describe the use of an effective method for concentration of the rhenium-188 bolus and the results of the first Phase 1 clinical studies for bone pain palliation with rhenium-188 obtained from the tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator. Initial studies with therapeutic levels of Re-188-HEDP at the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine at the University of Bonn, Germany, have demonstrated the expected good metastatic uptake of Re-188-HEDP in four patients who presented with skeletal metastases from disseminated prostatic cancer with good pain palliation and minimal marrow suppression. In addition, skeletal metastatic targeting of tracer doses of Re-188(V)-DMSA has been evaluated in several patients with metastases from prostatic cancer at the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the Canterbury and Kent Hospital in Canterbury, England. In this report the authors also describe further studies with the E-(R,R)-IQNP ligand developed in the ORNL Nuclear Medicine Program as a potential imaging agent for detection of changes which may occur in the cerebral muscarinic-cholinergic receptors (mAChR) in Alzheimer`s and other diseases.

Determination of rhenium in molybdenite by X-ray fluorescence: A combined chemical-spectrometric technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Solt, M W; Wahlberg, J S; Myers, A T

1969-01-01

Rhenium in molybdenite is separated from molybdenum by distillation of rhenium heptoxide from a perchloric-sulphuric acid mixture. It is concentrated by precipitation of the sulphide and then determined by X-ray fluorescence. From 3 to 1000 microg of rhenium can be measured with a precision generally within 2%. The procedure tolerates larger amounts of molybdenum than the usual colorimetric methods.

Determination of rhenium in molybdenite by X-ray fluorescence. A combined chemical-spectrometric technique

Science.gov (United States)

Solt, M.W.; Wahlberg, J.S.; Myers, A.T.

1969-01-01

Rhenium in molybdenite is separated from molybdenum by distillation of rhenium heptoxide from a perchloric-sulphuric acid mixture. It is concentrated by precipitation of the sulphide and then determined by X-ray fluorescence. From 3 to 1000 ??g of rhenium can be measured with a precision generally within 2%. The procedure tolerates larger amounts of molybdenum than the usual colorimetric methods. ?? 1969.

Clustering of transmutation elements tantalum, rhenium and osmium in tungsten in a fusion environment

Science.gov (United States)

You, Yu-Wei; Kong, Xiang-Shan; Wu, Xuebang; Liu, C. S.; Fang, Q. F.; Chen, J. L.; Luo, G.-N.

2017-08-01

The formation of transmutation solute-rich precipitates has been reported to seriously degrade the mechanical properties of tungsten in a fusion environment. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling the formation of the precipitates are still unknown. In this study, first-principles calculations are therefore performed to systemically determine the stable structures and binding energies of solute clusters in tungsten consisting of tantalum, rhenium and osmium atoms as well as irradiation-induced vacancies. These clusters are known to act as precursors for the formation of precipitates. We find that osmium can easily segregate to form clusters even in defect-free tungsten alloys, whereas extremely high tantalum and rhenium concentrations are required for the formation of clusters. Vacancies greatly facilitate the clustering of rhenium and osmium, while tantalum is an exception. The binding energies of vacancy-osmium clusters are found to be much higher than those of vacancy-tantalum and vacancy-rhenium clusters. Osmium is observed to strongly promote the formation of vacancy-rhenium clusters, while tantalum can suppress the formation of vacancy-rhenium and vacancy-osmium clusters. The local strain and electronic structure are analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanisms governing the cluster formation. Employing the law of mass action, we predict the evolution of the relative concentration of vacancy-rhenium clusters. This work presents a microscopic picture describing the nucleation and growth of solute clusters in tungsten alloys in a fusion reactor environment, and thereby explains recent experimental phenomena.

Effect of rhenium addition on tungsten fuzz formation in helium plasmas

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Khan, A.; De Temmerman, G.; Morgan, T. W.; M. B. Ward,

2016-01-01

The effect of the addition of rhenium to tungsten on the formation of a nanostructure referred to as ‘fuzz’ when exposed to helium plasmas at fusion relevant ion fluxes was investigated in the Magnum and Pilot PSI devices at the FOM Institute DIFFER. The effect rhenium had on fuzz growth was seen to

Electrodeposition of rhenium-tin nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naor-Pomerantz, Adi; Eliaz, Noam; Gileadi, Eliezer

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Rhenium-tin nanowires were formed electrochemically, without using a template. → The nanowires consisted of a crystalline-Sn-core/amorphous-Re-shell structure. → The effects of bath composition and operating conditions were investigated. → A mechanism is suggested for the formation of the core/shell structure. → The nanowires may be attractive for a variety of applications. - Abstract: Rhenium (Re) is a refractory metal which exhibits an extraordinary combination of properties. Thus, nanowires and other nanostructures of Re-alloys may possess unique properties resulting from both Re chemistry and the nanometer scale, and become attractive for a variety of applications, such as in catalysis, photovoltaic cells, and microelectronics. Rhenium-tin coatings, consisting of nanowires with a core/shell structure, were electrodeposited on copper substrates under galvanostatic or potentiostatic conditions. The effects of bath composition and operating conditions were investigated, and the chemistry and structure of the coatings were studied by a variety of analytical tools. A Re-content as high as 77 at.% or a Faradaic efficiency as high as 46% were attained. Ranges of Sn-to-Re in the plating bath, applied current density and applied potential, within which the nanowires could be formed, were determined. A mechanism was suggested, according to which Sn nanowires were first grown on top of Sn micro-particles, and then the Sn nanowires reduced the perrhenate chemically, thus forming a core made of crystalline Sn-rich phase, and a shell made of amorphous Re-rich phase. The absence of mutual solubility of Re and Sn may be the driving force for this phase separation.

Neutron activation determination of rhenium in shales shales and molybdenites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zajtsev, E.I.; Radinovich, B.S.

1977-01-01

Described is the technique for neutron activation determination of rhenium in shales and molybdenites with its radiochemical extraction separation by methyl-ethyl ketone. The sensitivity of the analysis is 5x10 -7 %. Experimental checking of the developed technique in reference to the analysis of shales and molybdenites was carried out. Estimated is the possibility of application of X-ray gamma-spectrometer to instrumental determination of rhenium in molybdenites

Renal damage induced by dosorubicin-lipiodol emulsion infused into rabbit renal artery : comparison with CT and histologic findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jin Gyoo; Moon, Tae Young; Lee, Suck Hong; Kim, Byung Soo; Choi, Sang Yul; Park, Choong Hoon

1998-01-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of renal CT scanning and to histologically correlate renal damage induced by renal arterial infusion of 0.2 ml/kg of doxorubicin-lipiodol emulsion. Renal CT scans of 20 rabbit kidneys were obtained 15 days after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and were classified into four grades, as follows: grade 0 - no fleck, grade 1 - one to three nodular flecks; grade 2 - four or more nodular flecks, or one semilunar fleck; and grade 3 - two or more semilunar flecks. The percentage of histological section occupied by lesion was determined using squared paper, and compared with the grades determined on the basis of CT. The histologic findings were interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, intratubular lipiodol droplets, dystrophic calcification, and and cellular necrosis. The mean sizes of grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 histological lesions were 2.2 % (n=5), 4.5 % (n=4), 21.9 % (n=7), and 24% (n=4), respectively. Grades 0 and 1 accounted for nine cases (3.2%), while grades 2 and 3 accounted for 11 (22.6%); this difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). CT findings showing nodular or semilunar flecks 15 days after infusion into the renal artery of doxorubicin-lipiodol emulsion correlate with the size of the damaged kidney, as seen on histological specimens. (author). 19 refs., 3 tabs., 5 figs

Evaluation of transcatheter therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Toshihiko

1990-01-01

The author proposed improvement of the criteria for the effects of transcatheter therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. 104 patients were treated by transcatheter therapy. Their responses were determined by the usual criteria. Next, they were classified and evaluated in 3 groups, with the area of lipiodol deposition on CT for over 4 weeks regarded as nacrosis. The result was determined, and its relationship to prognosis was studied in light of the repeated therapy. By the usual criteria, only 10% of patients were judged as PR, and there were no differences between therapies. Many of the NC cases had low AFP levels with therapy. At the initial therapy, the ratio of cases with low AFP levels was higher and the survival time was longer in the A group. So the A group was judged as most effective. Clinically, 10 patients were considered most benefitted by therapy. They were considered the A group, but all were judged as NC. Considering the effects of repeated therapy, 10 patients with NC were judged as the A-max group. Prognosis was poor in patients of the B-max and C-max groups. These results indicate that judgement by the usual criteria was inconsistent with clinical condition. It was improved by regarding the area of lipiodol deposition on CT for over 4 weeks as necrosis. Estimations of effects and prognosis were made more accurate by considering repeated therapy. Thus, the proposed improvement of the criteria by CT is more useful to estimate transcatheter therapy of the hepatocellular carcinoma. (author)

Synthesis and study of rhenium (5) complexes with benzimidazole and rubeanic acid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basitova, S M; Yurina, R D; Kotegov, K V; Amindzhanov, A A

1986-01-01

Mixed rhenium (5) oxohalide complex compounds with benzimidazole and rubeanic acid are synthesized. Composition of the compounds obtained is established by IR spectroscpy thermal and chemical analyses. It is shown that rhenium (5) chloride compound stability to pyrolysis is rather lower than that of the corresponding bromide derivatives.

Synthesis and study of rhenium (5) complexes with benzimidazole and rubeanic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basitova, S.M.; Yurina, R.D.; Kotegov, K.V.; Amindzhanov, A.A.

1986-01-01

Mixed rhenium (5) oxohalide complex compounds with benzimidazole and rubeanic acid are synthesized. Composition of the compounds obtained is established by IR spectroscpy thermal and chemical analyses. It is shown that rhenium (5) chloride compound stability to pyrolysis is rather lower than that of the corresponding bromide derivatives

A novel method of modifying immune responses by vaccination with lipiodol-siRNA mixtures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yijian Li

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract The dendritic cell (DC possesses the ability to stimulate both T helper 1 (Th1 and Th2 responses depending on activation stimuli. Although it is known that chemically or genetically modified DC can be used therapeutically to steer immune responses towards either Th1 or Th2, cellular therapy with ex vivo manipulated DC is clinically difficult. Here we demonstrate a novel method of switching immune responses from Th1 to Th2 through in vivo immune modulation by administration of siRNA. We demonstrate that siRNA targeting of the IL-12p35 gene leads to a Th2 bias in vitro through an IL-10 dependent mechanism. In vivo administration of siRNA admixed with the oil-based contrast agent lipiodol in the presence of antigen and adjuvant induced a deviation in recall response to reduced production of IFN-γ and augmented IL-4 response using either KLH or ovalbumin. This simple method of in vivo modification of immune response possesses therapeutic potential in Th1-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diabetes.

Study of different absorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of 99Mo - 99mTc and 188W-188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

2009-01-01

Amongst some currently radioisotopes, 99m Tc and 188 Re present adequate decay properties for use in Nuclear Medicine. In the current times the most diagnosis examinations are performed with 99m Tc and 188 Re is one radioisotope of potential use in therapy techniques. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molybdenum and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99m Tc and 188 W- 188 Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum and tungsten were percolated through different chromatographic columns containing different commercial adsorbent materials such as: PZC (poly-zirconium compound), acid alumina and calcinated alumina used in the routine preparation of 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators at IPEN. The tungsten ( 188 W), as well the PZC used in this project, supplied by Russia and Japan, respectively, through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used without any previous preparation. Also trace amounts of 99 Mo and 188 W were added to the initial solutions and the generators were assembled. The 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators were then eluted with known volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution every 24 hours whereas the 188 W- 188 Re generators were eluted every 48 hours. The eluted samples were analyzed by Gamma Spectroscopy and later submitted to quality control evaluation. The results showed that the PZC presents superior retention capacity for Mo of 97.50mg Mo/gPZC, higher than in acid and calcinated alumina, however the elution efficiency at lower pHs is not so high. With regards to the experiments carried out with 188 W and alumina, it was verified that the elution efficiency of 188 Re was not reproducible and the retention capacity of W was 90.23mgW/gAl 2 O 3 at pH 7. (author)

Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Sacral Chordoma: An Analysis of 188 Cases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imai, Reiko, E-mail: r_imai@nirs.go.jp [Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan); Kamada, Tadashi [Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan); Araki, Nobuhito [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka (Japan); Abe, Satoshi; Iwamoto, Yukihide; Ozaki, Toshifumi; Kanehira, Chihiro; Kaya, Mitsunori; Takahashi, Kazuhisa; Chuman, Hirokazu; Tsujii, Hirohiko; Tsuneyoshi, Masazumi; Nishida, Yoshihiro; Hiraga, Hiroaki; Hiruma, Toru; Machinami, Rikuo; Matsumine, Akihiko; Matsumoto, Seiichi; Morioka, Hideo; Yamaguchi, Takehiko; and others

2016-05-01

Purpose: To evaluate the results of carbon ion radiation therapy administered to 188 patients with unresectable primary sacral chordomas. Patients and Methods: One hundred eighty-eight patients were treated with carbon ion radiation therapy at a single institute between 1996 and 2013 and retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 66 years. The highest proximal invasion reached past S2 level in 137 patients. The median clinical target volume was 345 cm{sup 3}. One hundred six patients received 67.2 gray equivalents (GyE)/16 fractions (fr), 74 patients received 70.4 GyE/16 fr, 7 patients received 73.6 GyE/16 fr, and 1 patient received 64.0 GyE/16 fr. Results: The median follow-up period was 62 months (range, 6.8-147.5 months). Seventy percent of patients were followed for 5 years or until death. The 5-year local control, overall survival, and disease-free survival rates were 77.2%, 81.1%, and 50.3%, respectively. Forty-one patients had a local recurrence. Sex, tumor volume, level of proximal invasion, and irradiated dose were unrelated to local control. There was grade 3 toxicity of the peripheral nerves in 6 patients and grade 4 toxicity of the skin in 2 patients. Ambulation remained in 97% of patients. Conclusions: Carbon ion radiation therapy was safe and effective for unresectable chordoma and provided good local control and survival while preserving ambulation.

Rhenium Mechanical Properties and Joining Technology

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Brian D.; Biaglow, James A.

1996-01-01

Iridium-coated rhenium (Ir/Re) provides thermal margin for high performance and long life radiation cooled rockets. Two issues that have arisen in the development of flight Ir/Re engines are the sparsity of rhenium (Re) mechanical property data (particularly at high temperatures) required for engineering design, and the inability to directly electron beam weld Re chambers to C103 nozzle skirts. To address these issues, a Re mechanical property database is being established and techniques for creating Re/C103 transition joints are being investigated. This paper discusses the tensile testing results of powder metallurgy Re samples at temperatures from 1370 to 2090 C. Also discussed is the evaluation of Re/C103 transition pieces joined by both, explosive and diffusion bonding. Finally, the evaluation of full size Re transition pieces, joined by inertia welding, as well as explosive and diffusion bonding, is detailed.

Oleum of brucea javanica-lipiodol used in hepatic arterial embolization to treat hepatocellular carcinoma: a effect analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Wanjun; Deng Li; Ai Lixin; Li Jiaping

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Oleum of Brucea javanica lipiodol compound (BJLC), a anticancerous agent of traditional Chinese medicine, in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through transhepatic arterial embolization (TAE). Methods: BJLC was made by the mixed oleum of Brucea javanica and lipiodol was injected through hepatic artery by catheter to treat 56 patients with HCC. Results: After treatment, the tumors were shrunk 33.8% averagely. 1,2,3 year survival rates were 87.5%, 48.2% and 30.4% respectively. No marrow depression caused by the treatment were found. Conclusion: BJLC has a definite effect in treatment of HCC by TAE. As a oily anticancerous agent of traditional Chinese medicine, its conspicuous characteristic include low toxicity, embolizability and remainability in tumor tissue. so, it has a great superiority to become a satisfactory embolic agent for the treatment of HCC. (authors)

Therapeutic value of hysterosalpingography with Lipiodol ultra fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rasmussen, F.; Justesen, P.; Toenner Nielsen, D.

1987-01-01

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) with Lipiodol ultra fluid was performed in 294 infertile women with a normal ovulatory temperature curve and at least two years of infertility and a partner with normal sperm. In 21%, pregnancy occurred within 6 months after the examination, and about one third of the women with a normal finding or with intraperitoneal adhesions at HSG conceived. The pregnancy rate was especially high in the first two cycles after HSG. The spontaneous pregnancy rate was 8%, and the difference between this and the total number of pregnancies must be attributed to a therapeutic effect of the procedure. Previous pelvic inflammatory disease was present in 40% of those who did not become pregnant, while only 11% of those who conceived had previous inflammation. Of the women without previous gynecologic disease 30% conceived. (orig.)

Mechanistic Study of Oxygen Atom Transfer Catalyzed by Rhenium Compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shan, Xiaopeng [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2003-01-01

Two ionic and one neutral methyl(oxo)rhenium(V) compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized. They were compared in reactivity towards the ligands triphenylphosphane, pyridines, pyridine N-oxides. Assistance from Broensted bases was found on ligand displacement of ionic rhenium compounds as well as nucleophile assistance on oxidation of all compounds. From the kinetic data, crystal structures, and an analysis of the intermediates, a structural formula of PicH⁺3^- and mechanisms of ligand displacement and oxidation were proposed.

18-FDG-PET in pretherapeutical determination of extra medullary involvement prior to Re-188-antibody guided myeloablative therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofmann, M.; Boerner, A.R.; Otto, D.; Knapp, W.H.; Hertenstein, B.

2002-01-01

Full text: In relapsed or refractory leukemia it is highly desirable to intensify the conditioning prior to allogenic bone mamarrow transplantation (BMT). Application of the 188-Re-labelled antibody BW 250/183 has proved to be feasible for internal radiation therapy of the bone marrow. Because the number of granulocytes (which express the CD66b antigen targeted) in extramedullary manifestations are usually low, the treatment of extramkedullary lesions will be not effective. This study deals with the pretherapeutical identification of patients with extramedullary involvement via 18-F-FDG-PET. 1-2 weeks prior scheduled 188-Re-therapy 12 patients underwent 18-F-FDG PET (dedicated PET scanner Siemens ECAT EXACT 47). Non physiological tracer accumulations were evaluated by means of SUV and consecutive morphological imaging (CT/MRI). 3 of 11 patients did show non physiological enrichment. 1 patient had enrichment in the upper mediastine, which was confirmed as extramedullary leukemia involvement by cytology. In CT scan these lesions had been identified as small lymphnodes (1-2 cm diameter). 2 Patients did show small lesions in the lung. In one patient they were confirmed to be active fungous infection (pos. sputum culture) and in the other patient they were regarded as regenerative residuals of previous known pneumonic infection not active now (neg. sputum cultures and neg. inflammation markers). 18-F-FDG PET is helpful of identifying extramedullary involvement and gives in addition information on the inflammatory status of patients prior to BMT. (author)

Lymph node scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-rhenium colloid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitsuhata, Naoki; Suyama, Bunzo; Matsumura, Yosuke; Ohmori, Hiroyuki

1981-01-01

Lymph node scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-rhenium colloid in evaluation of nodal involvement by urological malignancy were performed on twelve cases (4 bladder cancer, 3 prostatic cancer, 2 penile cancer and 3 testicular tumor). These cases had been examined the extent of disease on the basis of findings at pedal lymphangiography, urography, computed tomography or laparotomy. sup(99m)Tc-rhenium colloid in a volume of 0.2 ml (2 mCi) was injected into the first interdigital webs of each foot without local anesthesia. In one case of penile cancer radioactive colloid was directly injected into the glans penis and prepuce including tumor area. Our clinical experience reported here reveals that lymph node scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-rhenium colloid can provide a useful method of investigating the lymphatic system. This technique is reproducible and can be performed in poor risk patients or pediatric patients readily and safely. (author)

High precision bladder cancer irradiation by integrating a library planning procedure of 6 prospectively generated SIB IMRT plans with image guidance using lipiodol markers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meijer, Gert Johan; Toorn, Peter-Paul van der; Bal, Matthieu; Schuring, Danny; Weterings, Jan; Wildt, Michel de

2012-01-01

Purpose: To increase local control and decrease side effects for urinary bladder cancer patients by integrating a library planning procedure with image guidance using lipiodol markers. Methods and materials: Twenty patients with T2-T4N0M0 grade 2–3 invasive bladder carcinoma were treated according to an online adaptive protocol. Initially, the gross tumour volume (GTV) was demarcated during cystoscopy by injecting several drops of lipiodol in the submucosa around the tumour. Subsequently two CT scans were acquired with a full bladder and a voided bladder. On both scans, the boost volume (GTV) and the low-risk bladder volume were delineated. Using an interpolation tool, six concomitant boost IMRT plans with increasing bladder volumes were generated. For each fraction the procedure at the treatment unit was as follows: Firstly, a ConeBeam-CT was acquired and based on the amount of bladder filling the best fitting bladder contours and corresponding GTV and IMRT plans were selected. Secondly, the lipiodol markers were registered using the corresponding GTV contours and it was verified that the corresponding 95%-isodose surface covered the entire bladder. Finally, an online setup correction was applied based on this registration and the corresponding treatment plan was irradiated. Results: The lipiodol markers were very useful in outlining the GTV at the planning CT and for daily setup correction. While the patients strived for a full bladder filling at time of the treatment, this was seldom accomplished. Due to our protocol an appropriate plan with adequate coverage of the PTV and without excessive dose to healthy tissue was delivered every day. The treatment was very well tolerated by all patients. At the end of the treatment no grade 3 urinary or gastro-intestinal toxicity was observed. After a median follow-up of 28 months two local relapses occurred. Conclusion: Using the library planning approach combined with online image guidance using lipiodol markers, we

High precision bladder cancer irradiation by integrating a library planning procedure of 6 prospectively generated SIB IMRT plans with image guidance using lipiodol markers.

Science.gov (United States)

Meijer, Gert Johan; van der Toorn, Peter-Paul; Bal, Matthieu; Schuring, Danny; Weterings, Jan; de Wildt, Michel

2012-11-01

To increase local control and decrease side effects for urinary bladder cancer patients by integrating a library planning procedure with image guidance using lipiodol markers. Twenty patients with T2-T4N0M0 grade 2-3 invasive bladder carcinoma were treated according to an online adaptive protocol. Initially, the gross tumour volume (GTV) was demarcated during cystoscopy by injecting several drops of lipiodol in the submucosa around the tumour. Subsequently two CT scans were acquired with a full bladder and a voided bladder. On both scans, the boost volume (GTV) and the low-risk bladder volume were delineated. Using an interpolation tool, six concomitant boost IMRT plans with increasing bladder volumes were generated. For each fraction the procedure at the treatment unit was as follows: Firstly, a ConeBeam-CT was acquired and based on the amount of bladder filling the best fitting bladder contours and corresponding GTV and IMRT plans were selected. Secondly, the lipiodol markers were registered using the corresponding GTV contours and it was verified that the corresponding 95%-isodose surface covered the entire bladder. Finally, an online setup correction was applied based on this registration and the corresponding treatment plan was irradiated. The lipiodol markers were very useful in outlining the GTV at the planning CT and for daily setup correction. While the patients strived for a full bladder filling at time of the treatment, this was seldom accomplished. Due to our protocol an appropriate plan with adequate coverage of the PTV and without excessive dose to healthy tissue was delivered every day. The treatment was very well tolerated by all patients. At the end of the treatment no grade 3 urinary or gastro-intestinal toxicity was observed. After a median follow-up of 28 months two local relapses occurred. Using the library planning approach combined with online image guidance using lipiodol markers, we were able to deliver a highly conformal dose distribution

Study of the electrodeposition of rhenium thin films by electrochemical quartz microbalance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schrebler, R.; Cury, P.; Suarez, C.; Munoz, E.; Vera, F.; Cordova, R.; Gomez, H.; Ramos-Barrado, J.R.; Leinen, D.; Dalchiele, E.A.

2005-01-01

Rhenium thin films were prepared by electrodeposition from an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 +H 2 SO 4 , pH 2 in presence of y mM HReO 4 . As substrates polycrystalline gold (y=0.75 mM HReO 4 ) and monocrystalline n-Si(100) (y=40 mM HReO 4 ) were used. The electrochemical growth of rhenium was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz microbalance on gold electrodes. The results found in the potential region before the hydrogen evolution reaction (her) showed that ReO 3 , ReO 2 and Re 2 O 3 with different hydration grades can be formed. In the potential region where the her is occurring, either on gold or n-Si(100) the electrodeposition of metallic rhenium takes place. On both substrates, rhenium films were formed by electrolysis at constant potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique was used to characterise these deposits. It was concluded that the electrodeposited films were of metallic rhenium and only the uppermost atomic layer contained rhenium oxide species

High-temperature extraction of rhenium from sulfuric acid solutions with trialkylamines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gladyhev, V.P.; Andreeva, N.N.; Kim, E.M.; Kovaleva, S.V.

1985-01-01

This paper attempts to determine the possibility of conducting high-temperature extraction of rhenium from sulfuric acid solutions with trialkylamines (TAA) using higher hydrocarbon-paraffin mixtures as the diluent of the extraction system. Substitution of kerosene by paraffin in the extraction system would permit decreasing the danger of fire and explosions during he extraction process. In extracting rhenium from industrial solutions with a melt of higher paraffins containing TAA and alcohols, the extraction system can be continously heated in heat exchangers through which washing sulfuric acid passes and then goes to the extractor. This permits utilizing the heat and decreases the temperature of the solutions for extraction to the optimum temperatures. Extraction of rhenium with a melt of trioctylamine in paraffin obeys the same mechanisms as high-temperature extraction of ruthenium (IV) by amines in kerosene and aromatic hydrocarbons

Preparation of 188 Re-lanreotide as a potential tumor therapeutic agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bai Hongsheng; Jin Xiaohai; Fan Hongqiang; Jia Bing; Wang Yuqing; Lu Weiwei

2001-01-01

Radiolabeled peptides hold unlimited potential in diagnostic applications and therapy of malignant tumor. Somatostatin analogue peptide (Lanreotide) is labeled directly with 188 Re via the mixture of citrate and tartrate. The influences of reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, amount of stannous chloride, Lanreotide quantity, reaction time on labeling yield are investigated in detail. At the same time, the stability in vitro, quality control and animal test are evaluated. The experimental results show that Lanreotide reacts with 188 Re for 40 min at pH 2 - 3 and 60 degree C, the labeling yield is at range of 88% - 94%. After purification of 188 Re-Lanreotide with Sep-Pak C 18 reverse phase extraction cartridge, the radiochemical purity (RP) is more than 95%. 188 Re-Lanreotide is eliminated rapidly from the blood and is excreted through liver, the uptake of lung and intestine is high

The use of indocyanine green lymphography for the treatment of postoperative chylothorax with lipiodol lymphangiography in a 2-year-old child

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Motoi Kato

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Postoperative chylothorax in infants prolongs hospital stay and possibly causes developmental delay because of its conservative treatment including inanition. Several medical and surgical treatments may be applied, but none constitute the absolute solution. Treatment with lipiodol during lymphangiography for postoperative chylothorax has been reported to be highly effective and less invasive in adults. On the other hand, few cases have been reported in infants. We demonstrate successful blockage of chyle leakage with lipiodol injection through the inguinal lymph node in a 2-year-old infant. The patient had undergone on-pump coarctectomy and chylothorax developed soon after surgery. Several medical treatments were partially effective, but the chest tube could not be removed because sequential aspiration was required to maintain a normal respiratory status. With the patient under general anesthesia, lipiodol injection combined with indocyanine green (ICG lymphography was performed. Lymphography combined with ICG significantly contributed not only to intraoperative detection of the inguinal lymph nodes but also to postoperative early detection of lymphedema caused by this procedure. This procedure required a simple maneuver and is probably applicable to other cases of traumatic chylothorax, such as after surgeries on the esophagus, trachea, or other components of the posterior mediastinum.

A review on the current status and production technology for 188W-188Re generator system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, R. A.; Han, H. S.; Cho, W. K.; Park, U. J.; Kim, Y. M.

1998-11-01

The current status of 188 W- 188 Re generator production technology were reviewed in PART 1. Main interests were given to the aspects of 188 W reactor production, irradiated targets reprocessing and generator loading technologies, such as alumina type and gel type generators. In order to develop the more convenient and advanced 188 W- 188 Re generator, further studies must be carried out to get the precise evaluation of production and burn-up cross section of 188 W, the more easily realizable generator loading procedure, and also to optimize the column and generator design to compensate the deterioration of generator performance because of parent radionuclide decay. By irradiation of 186 W enriched sample, 188 W- 188 Re generator production experiments were performed to evaluate the possibility of 188 W- 188 Re generator production using HANARO, and PART 2 describes about the experiments. The experimental results shows the possibility of practical 188 W- 188 Re generator production using of low-specific activity 188 W produced in HANARO. (author). 79 refs., 4 tabs., 26 figs

Influence of nano-cluster compounds of rhenium drugs on the activity of liver enzymes in a tumor model

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J. V. Suponko

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Enzymes’ level in rat’s hepatocytes under Guerin's carcinoma T8 development as well as after injection of rhenium compounds and cis-platin has been studied. It has been determined that the decrease of enzymatic activity to the level of the animals of control group was observed at the simultaneous injection of cis-platin and cluster rhenium compounds in nanoliposomal and water-soluble forms. That confirms possible hepatoprotective properties of the rhenium compounds. It has been shown that hepatoprotective properties of rhenium cluster compounds mostly don’t depend on the form of their injection and are detected regardless of anticancer properties. Rhenium-platinum system with β-alanine ligand in aqueous solution, has been found. Its injection is accompanied by the hepatoprotective effect.

Reductive coupling of carbon monoxide in a rhenium carbonyl complex with pendant Lewis acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Alexander J M; Labinger, Jay A; Bercaw, John E

2008-09-10

Phosphinoborane ligands impart unique reactivity to a rhenium carbonyl cation relative to simple phosphine complexes. Addition of either triethylborohydride or a platinum hydride (that can be formed from H2) forms a rhenium boroxycarbene. This carbene, which crystallizes as a dimer, disproportionates over a period of days to afford the starting cation and a structurally unprecedented boroxy(boroxymethyl)carbene, in which a new C-C bond has been formed between two reduced CO ligands. This product of C-C bond formation can be independently synthesized by addition of 2 equiv of hydride to the rhenium carbonyl cation.

Use of cluster rhenium substances with alkyl ligands for inhibition of the Guerin carcinoma Growth

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O. S. Voronkova

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Quantity and quality of erythrocytes, blood haemoglobin concentration, glucose levels in the erythrocytes and plasma, content of TBA-active products in blood plasma of rats were studied during development of the Guerin carcinoma, introduction of cis-platinum and cluster rhenium substances with organic ligands. It was shown that rhenium substances had essential antioxidant effects and changed the dynamic of tumour growth. The conclusion on perspectiveness of further investigations of rhenium substances with cluster fragment and organic ligands in experiments in vivo with changed redox-status of an organism was drawn.

Optimization of labelling procedure of 188rE-DMSA(v)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dantas, Danielle M.; Brambilla, Tania P.; Reis, Nicoli F.; Osso Junior, Joao A.

2011-01-01

Radionuclide therapy (RNT) is emerging as an important tool of nuclear medicine. Apart from the well established 131 I, several other promising radionuclides have been identified, among them 188 Re, 90 Y and 177 Lu. 188 Re has received a lot of attention in the past decade, due to its favourable nuclear characteristics [t 1/2 16.9 h, E b eta m ax 2.12 MeV and E g amma 155 keV (15%) suitable for imaging, including the fact that it is carrier-free and can be obtained cost-effectively through the generator 188 W- 188 Re. Biodistribution studies of 188 Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of 99m Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma, bone metastases, soft tissue and others tumors. The aim of this work is to evaluate two labeling procedures for the preparation of 188 Re-DMSA(V). The first method was prepared using a commercial kit of DMSA(III) for labeling with 99m Tc at high temperature (100 deg C). The second method was prepared in a vial containing 2.5 mg of DMSA, 1.00 mg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O and 10 mg of sodium oxalate, 10 mg of cyclodextrin, in a total volume of 2.0 mL. The pH was adjusted to 3 with 37% HCl. After labeling the solution was stirred and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. The radiochemical purity was determined using TLC-SG developed with two different solvent systems: Acetone and glycine. Preliminary results for both methods of labeling 188 Re-DMSA(V) showed that the labeling yield was >95%. Further experiments are also necessary to optimize the labeling methodology of 188 Re-DMSA(V).author)

A study of scandia and rhenium doped tungsten matrix dispenser cathode

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jinshu; Li, Lili; Liu, Wei; Wang, Yanchun; Zhao, Lei; Zhou, Meiling

2007-10-01

Scandia and rhenium doped tungsten powders were prepared by solid-liquid doping combined with two-step reduction method. The experimental results show that scandia was distributed evenly on the surface of tungsten particles. The addition of scandia and rhenium could decrease the particle size of doped tungsten, for example, the tungsten powders doped with Sc 2O 3 and Re had the average size of about 50 nm in diameter. By using this kind of powder, scandia and rhenium doped tungsten matrix with the sub-micrometer sized tungsten grains was obtained. This kind of matrix exhibited good anti-bombardment insensitivity at high temperature. The emission property result showed that high space charge limited current densities of more than 60 A/cm 2 at 900 °C could be obtained for this cathode. A Ba-Sc-O multilayer about 100 nm in thickness formed at the surface of cathode after activation led to the high emission property.

Characterization of rhenium compounds obtained by electrochemical synthesis after aging process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vargas-Uscategui, Alejandro, E-mail: avargasuscat@ing.uchile.cl [Departamento de Ingeniería de Minas, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Tupper Av. 2069, Santiago (Chile); Mosquera, Edgar [Laboratorio de Materiales a Nanoescala, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Tupper Av. 2069, Santiago (Chile); López-Encarnación, Juan M. [Department of Mathematics-Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, 205 Ave. Antonio R. Barceló, Cayey, PR 00736, USA. (Puerto Rico); Chornik, Boris [Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada Av. 2008, Santiago (Chile); Katiyar, Ram S. [Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico San Juan, San Juan, PR 00931-3343 (United States); Cifuentes, Luis [Departamento de Ingeniería de Minas, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Tupper Av. 2069, Santiago (Chile)

2014-12-15

The proper identification of the molecular nature of the aged rhenium compound obtained by means of electrodeposition from an alkaline aqueous electrolyte was determined. Chemical, structural and vibrational experimental characterization of the aged Re compound showed agreement with quantum-computations, thereby allowing the unambiguous identification of the Re compound as H(ReO{sub 4})H{sub 2}O. - Graphical abstract: Rhenium oxides were electrodeposited on a copper surface and after environmental aging was formed the H(ReO{sub 4})H{sub 2}O compound. The characterization of the synthesized material was made through the comparison of experimental evidence with quantum mechanical computations carried out by means of density functional theory (DFT). - Highlights: • Aged rhenium compound obtained by means of electrodeposition was studied. • The study was made by combining experimental and DFT-computational information. • The aged electrodeposited material is consistent with the H(ReO{sub 4})H{sub 2}O compound.

Evaluation of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) molybdenum and molybdenum-rhenium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, A.J.; Bianco, R.; Buckman, R.W. Jr.

1999-01-01

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) molybdenum alloys being developed for high temperature applications possess excellent high temperature strength and creep resistance. In addition they exhibit a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBIT) in the worked and stress-relieved condition under longitudinal tensile load well below room temperature. However, in the recrystallized condition, the DBTT maybe near or above room temperature, depending on the volume fraction of oxide dispersion and the amount of prior work. Dilute rhenium additions (7 and 14 wt.%) to ODS molybdenum were evaluated to determine their effect on low temperature ductility. The addition of 7 wt.% rhenium to the ODS molybdenum did not significantly enhance the mechanical properties. However, the addition of 14 wt.% rhenium to the ODS molybdenum resulted in a DBTT well below room temperature in both the stress-relieved and recrystallized condition. Additionally, the tensile strength of ODS Mo-14Re is greater than the base ODS molybdenum at 1,000 to 1,250 C

Influence of cold rolling and strain rate on plastic response of powder metallurgy and chemical vapor deposition rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koeppel, B.J.; Subhash, G.

1999-01-01

The plastic response of two kinds of rhenium processed via powder metallurgy (PM) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated under uniaxial compression over a range of strain rates. The PM rhenium, further cold rolled to 50 and 80 pct of the original thickness, was also investigated to assess the influence of cold work on the plastic behavior. A strong basal texture was detected in all the preceding materials as a result of processing and cold work. Both CVD and PM rhenium exhibited an increase in yield strength and flow stress with increasing strain rate. In PM rhenium, cold work resulted in an increase in hardness and yield strength and a decrease in the work hardening rate. The deformed microstructures revealed extensive twinning in CVD rhenium. At large strains, inhomogeneous deformation mode in the form of classical cup and cone fracture was noticed

Nanograined Net-Shaped Fabrication of Rhenium Components by EB-PVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Jogender; Wolfe, Douglas E.

2004-01-01

Cost-effective net-shaped forming components have brought considerable interest into DoD, NASA and DoE. Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) offers flexibility in forming net-shaped components with tailored microstructure and chemistry. High purity rhenium (Re) components including rhenium-coated graphite balls, Re- plates and tubes have been successfully manufactured by EB-PVD. EB-PVD Re components exhibited sub-micron and nano-sized grains with high hardness and strength as compared to CVD. It is estimated that the cost of Re components manufactured by EB-PVD would be less than the current CVD and powder-HIP Technologies

Effect of octanols structure on their extraction ability as regards to rhenium(VII) in sulfuric acid solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasikov, A.G.; Petrova, A.M.

2007-01-01

It is established that extraction ability of octanols as regards to rhenium(VII) and sulfuric acid depends on the structure of alcohol, but if in passage from octanol-1 to octanol-3 as regard to rhenium(VII) it rises, then for H 2 SO 4 it falls. Dependence of the distribution function of rhenium from the concentration of the acid has maximums at 4-7 mol l 1- that the most distinctly it becomes apparent for secondary alcohols. Decreasing the extraction ability of octyl alcohols with the growth of H 2 SO 4 concentration more than 7 mol l 1- is connected with the change of extractant composition and forms of rhenium(VII) being in the solution [ru

Transarterial chemoembolization using gelatin sponges or microspheres plus lipiodol-doxorubicin versus doxorubicin-loaded beads for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Yi Sheng; Ou, Ming Ching; Tsai, Yi Shan; Lin, Xi Zhang; Wang, Chien Kuo; Tsai, Hong Ming; Chuang, Ming Tsung

2015-01-01

To retrospectively compare treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using gelatin sponges or microspheres plus lipiodol-doxorubicin vs. doxorubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEB). A total of 158 patients with HCC received TACE from November 2010 to November 2011 were enrolled in this study, including 64 (40.5%) received TACE with lipiodol-doxorubicin and gelatin sponges (group A), 41 (25.9%) received TACE with lipiodol-doxorubicin and microspheres (group B), and 53 (33.5%) received TACE with doxorubicin-loaded DEB (group C). Tumor response and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. No significant difference was found at baseline among the three groups. The doxorubicin dosage in group C was significantly (p < 0.001) higher compared to the dose used in groups A or B (median, 50 mg vs. 31 mg or 25 mg). Significantly (p < 0.001) more patients in group C achieved complete response compared to those in groups A or B (32.1% vs. 6.3% or 2.4%). Significantly (p < 0.001) less patients in group C had progressive disease compared to those in groups A or B (34.0% vs. 57.8% or 68.3%). Minor AEs were more common in groups A and B compared to group C, with rates of 54.7%, 34.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. In patients with HCC, TACE with DEB offers better safety and efficacy profiles compared to either TACE with gelatin sponges or TACE with microspheres.

Hydroxyapatite based 99Mo-99mTc and 188W-188Re generator systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monroy-Guzman, F.; Badillo-Almaraz, V.E.; Flores de la Torre, J.A.; Cosgrove, J.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.

2007-01-01

This paper describes studies evaluating the use of hydroxyapatite as the adsorbent material for both 90M o- 90m Tc and 89W - 188 Re generator systems. Hydroxyapatite is an insoluble solid with anion exchange properties. A study of the sorption behaviour of 90M o, 90m Tc, 188 W and 188 Re on hydroxyapatite in NaCl medium was evaluated by batch experiments. The results demonstrated that while 90M o, 90m Tc and 188 Re are not adsorbed by the hydroxyapatite in NaCl solutions (Kd 89W is strongly adsorbed (Kd >500). On the basis of these measurements, hydroxyapatite 89W - 188 Re generator systems were then constructed and eluted in NaCl solutions. The hydroxyapatite based 89W - 188 Re generator performances are presented. (author)

Study of different absorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo - {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: paulinhacorain@usp.b, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2009-07-01

Amongst some currently radioisotopes, {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re present adequate decay properties for use in Nuclear Medicine. In the current times the most diagnosis examinations are performed with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re is one radioisotope of potential use in therapy techniques. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molybdenum and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum and tungsten were percolated through different chromatographic columns containing different commercial adsorbent materials such as: PZC (poly-zirconium compound), acid alumina and calcinated alumina used in the routine preparation of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators at IPEN. The tungsten ({sup 188}W), as well the PZC used in this project, supplied by Russia and Japan, respectively, through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used without any previous preparation. Also trace amounts of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 188}W were added to the initial solutions and the generators were assembled. The {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators were then eluted with known volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution every 24 hours whereas the {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generators were eluted every 48 hours. The eluted samples were analyzed by Gamma Spectroscopy and later submitted to quality control evaluation. The results showed that the PZC presents superior retention capacity for Mo of 97.50mg Mo/gPZC, higher than in acid and calcinated alumina, however the elution efficiency at lower pHs is not so high. With regards to the experiments carried out with {sup 188}W and alumina, it was verified that the elution efficiency of {sup 188}Re was not reproducible and the retention capacity of W was 90.23mgW/gAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} at pH 7. (author)

Transcatheter lipiodol chemo-embolization of the inferior phrenic artery in hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Fanghong; Luo Zuyan; Yuan Jianhua; Yu Wenqiang; Cai Xuexiang; Hu Tingyang; Liu Zijiang

2002-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter lipiodol chemo-embolization therapy (TOCE) for HCC via inferior phrenic artery (IPA) and to analyse the location of the tumor feeding inferior phrenic artery. Methods: Twenty-five cases of HCC underwent the procedure of TOCE via the IPA, as well as the hepatic artery using Seldinger's method. The patterns of tumor growth included huge type in 12 cases, solitary nodular type in 8 cases and multiple nodular type in 5 cases. Hepatic artery and inferior phrenic artery chemo-embolization were performed in all cases. Results: Inferior phrenic artery originated from celiac trunk in 16 cases (64%); abdomen aorta around celiac trunk in 8(32%). The site-sort tumors supplied by IPA in right lobe (VII, VIII segment) were 23 cases and left lobe (IV segment) 2 cases. The cumulative survival rates of IPA chemo-embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma were 84%(1 year) and 68%(2 years). No severe complications occurred. Conclusions: TOCE of the IPA is a safe and effective method in the management of HCC supplied by IPA. When the tumor site is adjacent to diaphragm, hepatic ligaments or bare area, may arouse the blood supply by IPA, especially in no tumor staining or staining defect in hepatic artery angiography but tumor enhancement on CT, and increase of the level of serum α-fetoprotein

Production of medical radioisotopes in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for cancer treatment and arterial restenosis therapy after PTCA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Beets, A.L.; Mirzadeh, S.; Alexander, C.W.; Hobbs, R.L.

1998-01-01

The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) represents an important resource for the production of a wide variety of medical radioisotopes. In addition to serving as a key production site for californium-252 and other transuranic elements, important examples of therapeutic radioisotopes which are currently routinely produced in the HFIR for distribution include dysprosium-166 (parent of holmium-166), rhenium-186, tin-117m and tungsten-188 (parent of rhenium-188). The nine hydraulic tube (HT) positions in the central high flux region permit the insertion and removal of targets at any time during the operating cycle and have traditionally represented a major site for production of medical radioisotopes. To increase the irradiation capabilities of the HFIR, special target holders have recently been designed and fabricated which will be installed in the six Peripheral Target Positions (PTP), which are also located in the high flux region. These positions are only accessible during reactor refueling and will be used for long-term irradiations, such as required for the production of tin-117m and tungsten-188. Each of the PTP tubes will be capable of housing a maximum of eight HT targets, thus increasing the total maximum number of HT targets from the current nine, to a total of 57. In this paper the therapeutic use of reactor-produced radioisotopes for bone pain palliation and vascular brachytherapy and the therapeutic medical radioisotope production capabilities of the ORNL HFIR are briefly discussed

THE SYNTHESIS OF BIOCONJUGATE BASED ON RHENIUM(I CARBONYL COMPLEX FOR VISUALIZATION OF PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. O. Piletska

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Tricarbonyl rhenium(I complexes have a great potential like biomarkers. It is caused their biological stability, low toxicity, large Stokes shifts, and long luminescence lifetimes. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes fac-[Re(CO3(N^N], where N^N is a ligand with low π* orbitals are excellent candidates as imaging dyes. The method of obtaining potential biomarkers based on tricarbonyl rhenium(I complex with a 4-methyl-2,2’-bipyridine-4’-carboxylate by the addition of biomolecules by peptide synthesis was developed. The new complex [Re(CO3MebpyCOOHBr] was synthesized, composition and structure of which were established by mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopy. A selective attachment of receptor peptide enkephalin to complex [Re(CO3(MebpyCOOHBr] was performed. The formation of a new compound and its structure has been confirmed by HPLC and mass spectral analysis. The method which has been developed allows to connect various peptides to rhenium(I complex in the solution.

Structure and x-ray density of electrochemically deposited rhenium films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petrovich, V.A.; Fedenkov, A.L.; Shepurev, S.Yu.

1988-01-01

The electrodeposition of rhenium was carried out at a constant cathode-current density and room temperature. The backing was grade KEF-0.02 single-crystal silicon. The absorption coefficient μ of the film was determined for the K α radiation of the copper line. The investigation enabled us to conclude that electrochemically deposited rhenium films can be used as a material for the masking coatings of x-ray patterns, since the absorption coefficients of the x-ray radiation of the resultant films are superior to the similar parameters of traditionally employed materials, and surpass these materials in terms of corrosion resistance and simplicity of production

Synthesis, reactivity, and properties of N-fused porphyrin rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes.

Science.gov (United States)

Toganoh, Motoki; Ikeda, Shinya; Furuta, Hiroyuki

2007-11-12

The thermal reactions of N-fused tetraarylporphyrins or N-confused tetraarylporphyrins with Re2(CO)10 gave the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes bearing N-fused porphyrinato ligands (4) in moderate to good yields. The rhenium complexes 4 are characterized by mass, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the structures of tetraphenylporphynato complex 4a and its nitro derivative 15 are determined by X-ray single crystal analysis. The rhenium complexes 4 show excellent stability against heat, light, acids, bases, and oxidants. The aromatic substitution reactions of 4 proceed without a loss of the center metal to give the nitro (15), formyl (16), benzoyl (17), and cyano derivatives (19), regioselectively. In the electrochemical measurements for 4, one reversible oxidation wave and two reversible reduction waves are observed. Their redox potentials imply narrow HOMO-LUMO band gaps of 4 and are consistent with their electronic absorption spectra, in which the absorption edges exceed 1000 nm. Theoretical study reveals that the HOMO and LUMO of the rhenium complexes are exclusively composed of the N-fused porphyrin skeleton. Protonation of 4 takes place at the 21-position regioselectively, reflecting the high coefficient of the C21 atom in the HOMO orbital. The skeletal rearrangement reaction from N-confused porphyrin Re(I) complex (8) to N-fused porphyrin Re(I) complex (4) is suggested from the mechanistic study as well as DFT calculations.

A review on the current status and production technology for {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuznetsov, R. A.; Han, H. S.; Cho, W. K.; Park, U. J.; Kim, Y. M

1998-11-01

The current status of {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator production technology were reviewed in PART 1. Main interests were given to the aspects of {sup 188}W reactor production, irradiated targets reprocessing and generator loading technologies, such as alumina type and gel type generators. In order to develop the more convenient and advanced {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator, further studies must be carried out to get the precise evaluation of production and burn-up cross section of {sup 188}W, the more easily realizable generator loading procedure, and also to optimize the column and generator design to compensate the deterioration of generator performance because of parent radionuclide decay. By irradiation of {sup 186}W enriched sample, {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator production experiments were performed to evaluate the possibility of {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator production using HANARO, and PART 2 describes about the experiments. The experimental results shows the possibility of practical {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator production using of low-specific activity {sup 188}W produced in HANARO. (author). 79 refs., 4 tabs., 26 figs.

Initial application of a ACI-rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma in the experiments of interventional therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qian Jun; Feng Gansheng

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of various methods of interventional therapy in the ACI-rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma, and to assess the value of this model in the experiments of interventional therapy. Methods: The subcapsular implantation of a solid Morris Hepatoma 3924A (1 mm 3 ) in the livers was carried out in 58 male ACI-rats. 13 days after the implantation, the tumor volume (V 1 ) was measured by using magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). After laparotomy and retrograde placement of catheter into the gastroduodenal artery (14 d), the following protocols of interventional therapy were performed: (A) Mitomycin C (n = 4); (B) Degradable starch microspheres (DSM) (n = 4); (C) Lipiodol (n = 5); (D) Ligation (n = 4); (E) Mitomycin C + DSM (n = 4); (F) Mitomycin C + ligation (n = 5); (G) Mitomycin C + Lipiodol (n = 5); (H) DSM + ligation (n = 4); (I) Lipiodol + ligation (n = 4); (J) Mitomycin C + Poly-lactide-coglycollide-microspheres (Plcg) (n = 4); (K) Mitomycin C + Lipiodol + ligation (n = 4); (L) Mitomycin C + DSM + ligation (n = 4); (M) 0.9% NaCl (control group, n = 7). 13 days after these therapies the change of the tumor volume (V 2 ) was determined by MRT again. Results: The rate of implantation was 100%. V 2 /V 1 was 4.50 in group A, 12.73 in group B, 15.84 in group C, 10.17 in group D, 90.20 in group E, 7.16 in group F, 4.08 in group G, 3.45 in group H, 9.99 in group I, 2.86 in group J, 3.76 in group K, 7.71 in group L, and 27.12 in group M, respectively. Compared to the control group, groups A, G, H, J and K showed significant reduced tumor growth (χ 2 = 5.238, 8.571, 5.238, 5.238, 5.238, P = 0.045, 0.008, 0.045, 0.045, 0.045) in the period of observation, whereas the other groups showed no statistical significant differences by the tumor growth [χ 2 = 1.016(B), 3.086(C), 1.016(D), 2.213(E), 3.086(F), 1.061(I), 1.061(L), P = 0.348 (B), 0.121 (C), 0.348 (D), 0.199 (E), 0.121 (F), 0.348 (I), 0.348(L)]. Conclusion: This model of

Tungsten-188/carrier-free rhenium-188 perrhenic acid generator system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Lisic, E.C.; Mirzadeh, S.; Callahan, A.P.

1993-01-01

A generator system for providing a carrier-free radioisotope in the form of an acid comprises a chromatography column in tandem fluid connection with an ion exchange column, the chromatography column containing a charge of a radioactive parent isotope. The chromatography column, charged with a parent isotope, is eluted with an alkali metal salt solution to generate the radioisotope in the form of an intermediate solution, which is passed through the ion-exchange column to convert the radioisotope to a carrier-free acid form

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Correlates with Conventional Helical Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Lipiodol Accumulation in HCC after Chemoembolization.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Toru Ishikawa

Full Text Available The amount of drug-loaded lipiodol in an HCC tumor post-transarterial chemoembolization (TACE correlates with the risk of local tumor recurrence. Lipiodol enhancement of a tumor on conventional CT, measured in Hounsfield units (HU, can predict tumor response. Here we investigate whether cone-beam CT (CBCT can also be used to predict tumor response, providing the benefit of being able to optimize the patient's treatment plan intra-procedurally.A total of 82 HCC nodules (82 patients, ≤5 cm in diameter, were treated with balloon-occluded TACE using miriplatin between December 2013 and November 2014. For each patient, both CBCT and conventional CT images were obtained post-TACE. The degree of correlation between CBCT and conventional CT was determined by comparing identical regions of interest for each imaging modality using pixel values.The pixel values from conventional CT and CBCT were highly correlated, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.912 (p<0.001. The location of the nodules within the liver did not affect the results; the correlation coefficient was 0.891 (p<0.001 for the left lobe and 0.926 (p<0.001 for the right lobe. The mean pixel value for conventional CT was 439 ± 279 HU, and the mean pixel value for CBCT was 416 ± 311 HU.CBCT may be used as a substitute for conventional CT to quantitatively evaluate the amount of drug-loaded lipiodol within an HCC nodule and, hence, the efficacy of TACE treatment. The major benefit of using CBCT is the ability to predict the likelihood of local recurrence intra-procedurally, enabling subsequent treatment optimization.

Extraction of rhenium(VII) by phosphorylated podands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turanov, A.N.; Karandashev, V.K.; Baulin, V.E.

2006-01-01

Interphase distribution of ReO 4 - between aqueous solutions of H 2 SO 4 and solutions of phosphoryl-containing podands in organic solvents is studied. Stoichiometry of the complexes extracted is determined. Effect of extractant structure and nature of organic solvent on efficiency of rhenium extraction into organic phase is determined [ru

Development of a high performance {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator by using a synthetic alumina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jun Sig [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daeduk-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: jlee15@kaeri.re.kr; Lee, Jong-Soup; Park, Ul-Jae; Son, Kwang-Jae; Han, Hyon-Soo [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daeduk-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)

2009-07-15

A synthetic alumina functionalized with a sulfate moiety has been developed as the column material of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generators. This material is synthesized by a sol-gel processing. In order to characterize the adsorbent for the {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re separation, both batch and column contact experiments were conducted. As a result of the experiments, it is found that the maximum capacity of the adsorbent for tungsten is higher than 450 mg/g. Hence it is possible to produce {approx}3 Ci {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator with only 1 g of the adsorbent from {sup 188}W solutions supplied from ORNL, USA or RIAR, Russia. A demonstration study was conducted to show the performance of an {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator column. In this study, 1 Ci of {sup 188}W purchased from RIAR, Russia, is loaded on a 0.9 cm ID column packed with 0.7 g of the adsorbent. Elution of {sup 188}Re is performed every 4-7 days by using the saline solution for more than three months. Nearly 100% of tungsten is loaded by passing 5 ml of the {sup 188}W solution (pH=8) through the dry packed column at a 1 ml/min flow rate. Elution efficiency of {sup 188}Re is 70-90% by using 5 ml of the saline solution. The ratio of {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re in the eluted solution is 0.002-0.003%. When a Sep-Pak containing 0.26 g of acid alumina is installed as a tandem column, the ratio is decreased to less than 10{sup -3}%. Thin layer chromatography for the eluted {sup 188}Re solution shows 100% radiochemical purity. Also, alumina content in the eluted solution shows less than 10 ppm. Through this study, the performance of this adsorbent was successfully demonstrated. By using the developed adsorbent, minimization of the generator column and consequently the volume of eluant could be possible while maintaining the quality of {sup 188}Re just as much as that available in the market.

Country report: India. Development of Radiopharmaceuticals Based on 188Re and 90Y for Radionuclide Therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venkatesh, M.; Pandey, U.; Dhami, P.S.; Chakravarty, R.; Kameswaran, M.; Subramanian, S.; Dash, A.; Samuel, G.

2010-01-01

During the past decade, our group has focused attention on the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals incorporating radioisotopes such as 90 Y, 188 Re etc. As the primary source of the radioisotopes 90 Y and 188 Re are the 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators and 188 W/ 188 Re generators respectively, the local availability of these generator systems is very important for the successful development of radiopharmaceuticals incorporating these radioisotopes. In this context, 90 Sr/ 90 Y generators based on Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) [1-3] and electrochemical techniques [4] could be designed and deployed in our laboratories for the elution of 90 Y to be used for preparation of 90 Y labeled products. This work formed a part of the IAEA co-ordinated CRP on “Development of Generator Technologies for Therapeutic Radionuclides: 90 Y and 188 Re”. In this report, work on the development of 90 Y radiopharmaceuticals for treatment of liver cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is reported. In addition, comparison of the Extraction Paper Chromatography technique (EPC) developed for determination of 90 Sr contamination in 90 Y samples with the US Pharmacopeia recommended method as well as the validation of the EPC technique is presented

Chromatographic separation of rhenium in alumina-methanol/sulfuric acid system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oguma, Koichi

1983-01-01

The adsorption behavior of a number of metals on alumina was surveyed in a methanol-(0.005 -- 0.5) M H 2 SO 4 (3 : 1 v/v) developing solvent by thin-layer chromatography. Over the acid concentration range tested, Re(VII) does not favor the alumina phase to any great extent while the most other metals are strongly adsorbed on alumina. These findings allowed to establish a column chromatographic technique for selective separation of rhenium in a methanol-0.05 M H 2 SO 4 (3 : 1 v/v) eluent. The separation technique thus established was applied to molybdenite analysis for rhenium. About 100-mg powdered sample containing ca. 100 ppm rhenium was decomposed with HNO 3 and then evaporated nearly to dryness. The residue was dissolved in NH 4 OH and the excess NH 4 OH was expelled by evaporation to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 2.5-ml 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 10-ml water, the insoluble materials filtered off, and the filtrate diluted to exactly 25 ml with water. A 10-ml aliquot of this solution was mixed with 30-ml methanol and the mixture was passed through a column (diameter 15 mm, bed height 30 mm) containing 5 g of alumina. The column was then washed with 20 ml of a methanol-0.05 M H 2 SO 4 (3 : 1 v/v) mixture. Rhenium was recovered from the loaded solution and the subsequent washings, and was determined spectrophotometrically with Methylene Blue as a chromogenic reagent. The values obtained from four samples of molybdenite are in good agreement with those obtained by neutron activation analysis. The relative standard deviation (n = 4; calculated from the range) was between 2.0 and 5.2 %. (author)

Electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts: Electrochemical nature, structure and applied aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinogradov-Zhabrov O.N.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Processes involved in the electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts have been studied over the temperature interval from 680 to 970 0C at a cathodic current density of 5 to 250 mA/cm2. It has been found that rhenium is deposited in the form of continuous layers. In addition to that the growth of deposits as separate single-crystal needles has also been noticed. Continuous layers had axial growth textures. The crystallographic direction of the textures is due to electrolysis conditions, such as concentration of oxygen-containing impurities, temperature, melt composition and cathodic current density. When the concentration of oxygen-containing impurities in the melt decreased, electrolysis temperature increased, the average radius of the supporting electrolyte cations became smaller, or cathodic current density diminished, the direction of the growth textures was changing as follows: (1010 →(1120 →(101L →(0001 →(0001needles. The microhardness of the deposits in this series is 900 to 250 kg/mm2. The growth of deposits on textured rhenium substrates and single crystals having different orientations, including bent substrates, was studied. It has been found that the epitaxial growth is virtually unlimited in depth if the orientation of the substrate coincides with the growth texture under given conditions. If the substrate orientation deviated from the growth texture, the epitaxial growth was nearly absent. Kinetic parameters were measured using the galvanostatic method. The exchange current density was determined over the interval of (0.01-0.1 A/cm2 depending on the concentration of oxygen-containing impurities, cation composition, type of the surface and its condition. The parameter α⋅Z, which was estimated by two methods, was equal to 2.1-3.1. The diffusion coefficient of rhenium ions has been found to be 2.8 ⋅10 −5 cm2/s at 790 0C and 3.5 ⋅10 −5 cm2/s at 840 0C. Galvanoplastic production of rhenium products, such as

Influence of the acid and basic properties of rhenium oxide supported on alumina catalyst on the catalytic performance in olefin metathesis; Influence des proprietes acido-basiques de l`oxyde de rhenium supporte sur les performances catalytiques en metathese des olefines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nahama, F.

1996-11-30

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the acid-basic properties of rhenium oxide supported on alumina catalyst on the catalytic performance in olefin metathesis. The literature data indicate that the environment of the active site does possess acid properties. However, the nature of the acid sites is still matter of debate. Concerning the Re O{sub x} - Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} interactions, we have shown that perrhenate ions are electrostatically absorbed on alumina. The uptake of rhenium is favoured at acidic pH (below 4), and the absorbed rhenium is in equilibrium with rhenium in solution. The results of rhenium extraction by water strongly suggest that the surface compounds of the calcined Re{sub 2}O{sub 7}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} materials is aluminium perrhenate. Characterization of surface acidity of the catalyst by infrared spectroscopy reveals that the initiation of the metathesis reaction is governed essentially by Lewis acidity. This strongly supports the role of Lewis acidity, which is exalted by the increase of the rhenium content and the calcination temperature. Finally, we point out by ammonia adsorption-thermodesorption a band at 1320 cm{sup -1} characteristic of the Lewis acidity of aluminium perrhenate. This result is a second indication of the presence of aluminium perrhenate on the Re{sub 2}O{sub 7}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst surface. (author)

12 CFR 18.8 - Delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Delivery. 18.8 Section 18.8 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION BY NATIONAL BANKS § 18.8 Delivery. Each national bank shall, after receiving a request for an annual...

Development of unified X-ray fluorescent analysis to determine rhenium content in multicomponent oxide compositions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drobot, D.V.; Belyaev, A.V.; Kutvitskij, V.A.; Rysev, A.P.

1999-01-01

A procedure to prepare rhenium-containing glass-like specimens on the basis of bismuth and boron oxides is proposed. The glasses produced are studied by X-ray fluorescent analysis and routine spectrometric thiocyanate analysis. The results make it possible to determine rhenium in oxide mixtures in the range of its content 0.01 - 10% with S r = 0.03 [ru

Compartmental and dosimetric studies of anti-CD20 labelled with {sup 188}Re; Estudo compartimental e dosimetrico do Anti-CD20 marcado com {sup 188}Re

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuramoto, Graciela Barrio

2016-10-01

The radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses MAbs conjugated to radionuclides α or β{sup -} emitters, both for therapy. Your treatment is based on the irradiation and tumor destruction, preserving the normal organs as the excess radiation. Radionuclides β{sup -} emitters as {sup 131}I, {sup 90}Y, {sup 188}Re {sup 177}Lu and are useful for the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and, when coupled with MAb and Anti-CD20 it is important mainly for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). {sup 188}Re (E{sub β} = 2.12 MeV; E{sub γ} = 155 keV; t1/2 = 16.9 h) is an attractive radionuclide for RIT. However, {sup 188}Re can be obtained from a radionuclide generator of {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re, commercially available, making it convenient for use in research and for clinical routine. The CR of IPEN has a project aimed at the production of radiopharmaceutical {sup 188}Re-Anti-CD20, where the radionuclide can be obtained from a generator system {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re. With this proposed a study to assess the efficiency of this labeling technique for treatment in accordance compartmental and dosimetry. The objective of this study was to compare the marking of anti-CD20 MAb with {sup 188}Re with the marking of the antibody with {sup 90}Y, {sup 131}I, {sup 177}Lu and {sup 99m}Tc (for their similar chemical characteristics) and {sup 211}At, {sup 213}Bi, {sup 223}Ra and {sup 225}Ac); through the study of labeling techniques reported in literature, the proposal of a compartmental model to evaluate its pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies, high interest for therapy. The result of the study shows a favorable kinetics for {sup 188}Re, by their physical and chemical characteristics compared to the other evaluated radionuclides. The compartment proposed study describes the metabolism of {sup 188}Reanti- CD20 through a compartment mammillary model, which by their pharmacokinetic analysis, performed compared to products emitters β{sup -131}I-labeled anti CD20, {sup 177

A Study on the Trapping Characteristics of Rhenium Oxide Using Ca(OH)_2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Tae-Kyo; Eun, Hee-Chul; Choi, Jung-Hoon; Lee, Ki-Rak; Han, Seung-Youb; Park, Hwan-Seo

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to obtain basic data for trapping gaseous technetium (Tc) oxide generated from the voloxidation process in spent nuclear fuel pyroprocessing. Rhenium (Re) and Ca(OH)_2 were used as surrogates for the technetium and a trapping material, respectively. The trapping characteristics of rhenium oxide were investigated with changing temperatures and molar ratios of calcium (Ca) over rhenium, and the thermal behaviors of the trapping products were observed. The products following after the trapping test were identified as Ca(ReO_4)_2 and Ca_5Re_2O_1_2. The conversion to Ca_5Re_2O_1_2 was preferred with increasing temperatures, and the trapping products were completely converted into Ca5Re2O12 under conditions exceeding 800 ℃, or when maintained at 750 ℃ for 4 hr. The trapping efficiency at a molar ratio of 2.5 (Ca:Re=5:2) was significantly superior to that at the molar ratio of 2.

Compartmental and dosimetric studies of anti-CD20 labelled with 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuramoto, Graciela Barrio

2016-01-01

The radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses MAbs conjugated to radionuclides α or β - emitters, both for therapy. Your treatment is based on the irradiation and tumor destruction, preserving the normal organs as the excess radiation. Radionuclides β - emitters as 131 I, 90 Y, 188 Re 177 Lu and are useful for the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and, when coupled with MAb and Anti-CD20 it is important mainly for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). 188 Re (E β = 2.12 MeV; E γ = 155 keV; t1/2 = 16.9 h) is an attractive radionuclide for RIT. However, 188 Re can be obtained from a radionuclide generator of 188 W/ 188 Re, commercially available, making it convenient for use in research and for clinical routine. The CR of IPEN has a project aimed at the production of radiopharmaceutical 188 Re-Anti-CD20, where the radionuclide can be obtained from a generator system 188 W/ 188 Re. With this proposed a study to assess the efficiency of this labeling technique for treatment in accordance compartmental and dosimetry. The objective of this study was to compare the marking of anti-CD20 MAb with 188 Re with the marking of the antibody with 90 Y, 131 I, 177 Lu and 99m Tc (for their similar chemical characteristics) and 211 At, 213 Bi, 223 Ra and 225 Ac); through the study of labeling techniques reported in literature, the proposal of a compartmental model to evaluate its pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies, high interest for therapy. The result of the study shows a favorable kinetics for 188 Re, by their physical and chemical characteristics compared to the other evaluated radionuclides. The compartment proposed study describes the metabolism of 188 Reanti- CD20 through a compartment mammillary model, which by their pharmacokinetic analysis, performed compared to products emitters β -131 I-labeled anti CD20, 177 Luanti- CD20, the γ emitter 99m Tc-Anti-CD20 and α emitter 211 At-Anti-CD20 presented a elimination constant of approximately 0.05 hours

Tungsten-rhenium composite tube fabricated by CVD for application in 18000C high thermal efficiency fuel processing furnace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svedberg, R.C.; Bowen, W.W.; Buckman, R.W. Jr.

1980-04-01

Chemical Vapor Deposit (CVD) rhenium was selected as the muffle material for an 1800 0 C high thermal efficiency fuel processing furnace. The muffle is exposed to high vacuum on the heater/insulation/instrumentation side and to a flowing argon-8 V/0 hydrogen gas mixture at one atmosphere pressure on the load volume side. During operation, the muffle cycles from room temperature to 1800 0 C and back to room temperature once every 24 hours. Operational life is dependent on resistance to thermal fatigue during the high temperature exposure. For a prototypical furnace, the muffle is approximately 13 cm I.D. and 40 cm in length. A small (about one-half size) rhenium closed end tube overcoated with tungsten was used to evaluate the concept. The fabrication and testing of the composite tungsten-rhenium tube and prototypic rhenium muffle is described

Optimization of labelling procedure of {sup 188}rE-DMSA(v)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dantas, Danielle M.; Brambilla, Tania P.; Reis, Nicoli F.; Osso Junior, Joao A., E-mail: jaosso@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Radionuclide therapy (RNT) is emerging as an important tool of nuclear medicine. Apart from the well established {sup 131}I, several other promising radionuclides have been identified, among them {sup 188}Re, {sup 90}Y and {sup 177}Lu. {sup 188}Re has received a lot of attention in the past decade, due to its favourable nuclear characteristics [t{sub 1/2} 16.9 h, E{sub b}eta{sub m}ax 2.12 MeV and E{sub g}amma 155 keV (15%) suitable for imaging, including the fact that it is carrier-free and can be obtained cost-effectively through the generator {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re. Biodistribution studies of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma, bone metastases, soft tissue and others tumors. The aim of this work is to evaluate two labeling procedures for the preparation of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V). The first method was prepared using a commercial kit of DMSA(III) for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc at high temperature (100 deg C). The second method was prepared in a vial containing 2.5 mg of DMSA, 1.00 mg of SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O and 10 mg of sodium oxalate, 10 mg of cyclodextrin, in a total volume of 2.0 mL. The pH was adjusted to 3 with 37% HCl. After labeling the solution was stirred and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. The radiochemical purity was determined using TLC-SG developed with two different solvent systems: Acetone and glycine. Preliminary results for both methods of labeling {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) showed that the labeling yield was >95%. Further experiments are also necessary to optimize the labeling methodology of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V).author)

Influence of ligand structure on anticancer and antioxidant properties of rhenium cluster compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. V. Leus

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Under the model growth of T8 Guerin’s carcinoma in rats we studied the anticancer activity of the system rhenium-platinum, which includes cis-dicarboxylates of rhenium (III with different alkyl ligands, erythrocytes number and its morphological structure, erythrocytic stability, blood haemoglobin concentration, catalase activity and concentration of TBA-active products in the rats blood plasma. The renium-platinum system had considerable antioxidat effect and prevented the growth of tumour, that was maximal for a compound with the pivalate ligand.

Determination of rhenium (7) trace amounts by spectrophotometric titration in medium of mixed solvents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, V.V.; Samorukova, O.L.

1978-01-01

The method has been proposed of determining rhenium (7) microamounts by spectrophotometric titration in the medium water-dimethyl-sulphoxide with the reagent nitrochromazo. The method is based on the formation of ionic pairs K + ReO 4 - in water-organic solvents. The results of rhenium determination are satisfactory in a wide concentration range up to 0.3 mkg in 15 ml which makes the method proposed close in sensitivity to photometric methods and much better in reproducibility

Reductive Coupling of Carbon Monoxide in a Rhenium Carbonyl Complex with Pendant Lewis Acids

OpenAIRE

Miller, Alexander J. M.; Labinger, Jay A.; Bercaw, John E.

2008-01-01

Phosphinoborane ligands impart unique reactivity to a rhenium carbonyl cation relative to simple phosphine complexes. Addition of either triethylborohydride or a platinum hydride (that can be formed from H2) forms a rhenium boroxycarbene. This carbene, which crystallizes as a dimer, disproportionates over a period of days to afford the starting cation and a structurally unprecedented boroxy(boroxymethyl)carbene, in which a new C−C bond has been formed between two reduced CO ligands. This prod...

Tungsten - rhenium alloys wire: overview of thermomechanical processing and properties data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bryskin, B.

2001-01-01

The scope of this study encompasses the compositional modifications of the tungsten-rhenium dual system (W-3/5 Re up to W-27 Re) as well as some of the tungsten-molybdenum-rhenium ternary system. The alloys of interest are considered with a specific representation of powder metallurgy route based on doped or undoped tungsten vs. vacuum melted materials. This paper constitutes an in-depth review of structural and mechanical properties and systematic compilation of challenges necessary to provide the quality consistency of severely drawn filaments. The issue of thermomechanical processing trends is addressed as an important part of W-Re fabrication technology to achieve further improvement in design properties of rod and wire. (author)

Noncontact surface tension and viscosity measurements of rhenium in the liquid and undercooled states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, Takehiko; Paradis, Paul-Francois; Yoda, Shinichi

2004-01-01

Surface tension and viscosity of liquid rhenium, which have hardly been measured due to the extremely high melting temperature of rhenium, were measured using an electrostatic levitation method combined with the oscillation drop technique. Sample position instability problems caused by the photon pressure of the heating lasers and by sample evaporation were solved by modifying the electrodes design. Good sample stability allowed the measurements of the surface tension and the viscosity over wide temperature ranges including the undercooled states. Over the 2800-3600 K interval, the surface tension of rhenium was measured as σ(T)=2.71x10 3 -0.23(T-T m ), where T m is the melting temperature, 3453 K. At T m , the datum agrees well with the literature values. Similarly, on the same temperature range, the viscosity was determined as η(T)=0.08 exp[1.33x10 5 /(RT)] (mPa s)

The Dresden in-stent restenosis radiation trial (DIRRT) with liquid-filled 188Re balloon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kropp, J.; Runge, R.R.; Reynen, K.; Koeckeritz, U.; Schmeisser, A.; Strasser, R.H.

2002-01-01

Full text: In some studies intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) to minimize the restenosis rate after PTCA proved to be effective. We evaluated the performance, safety and effectiveness of IRT with 188 Re-perrhenate filled into a standard PTCA balloon. This kind of IRT allows a self-centering homogenous dose distribution to the vessel wall. 107 patients (pts) with a mean age of 63 years (81 m, 26 fin) with in-stent restenosis (type B in 39 %, type C in 61 %) and proven ischemia were included. After routine re-PTCA with or without additional stent implantation a second standard balloon was placed into the PTCA area and filled with β - -emitting liquid 188 Re at 3 atm. Irradiation time was 525 ± 167 sec to achieve a dose of 30 Gy at 0.5 mm depth of the vessel wall. In only one procedure there was a disconnection of the 188 Re containing system and the catheter but no contamination of the cath table or lab was measured. In 16 coronaries 21 stents were additionally implanted. In the follow-up 4 stent thromboses (1 day, 37 days, 2 x 6 months) with subsequent myocardial infarction were noticed, all in pts with additionally implanted stents. 57 pts had control angiography after 4 to 6 months after therapy and 41 after one year. Restenosis (stenosis > 50 % of luminal diameter) was shown in 9 out of 12 pts (75 %) with additionally implanted stents but only in 4 out of 24 pts (17 %) with PTCA alone. Reocclusion was noticed in 3 (25 %) pts with additional stent but only in 1 pt (4 %) without. No re-restenosis occurred in 20 patients which were without finding after 6 months. Intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) with β - -emitting liquid-filled 188 Re balloon is a safe and effective therapy method which might be used routinely. Long-term results seem satisfactory in a patient group with in-stent restenosis and high risk of re-restenosis. But the positive effect of irradiation is abolished if an additional stent after PTCA is needed. (author)

Monte Carlo criticality analysis of simple geometries containing tungsten-rhenium alloys engrained with uranium dioxide and uranium mononitride

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Webb, Jonathan A.; Charit, Indrajit

2011-01-01

Highlights: → The addition of rhenium to the tungsten matrix within W-UO 2 and W-UN CERMET materials can help reduce the risk of submersion criticality accidents while increasing the strength and ductility of tungsten based nuclear fuel elements. → The addition of rhenium up to 30 at.% to simple geometries containing W-UO 2 mixtures can increase the critical mass by 65 kg. → The addition of rhenium up to 30 at.% to simple geometries containing W-UN mixtures can increase the critical mass by 22 kg. → The addition of rhenium by up to 30 at.% to simple geometries containing W-UO 2 mixtures can reduce the change in reactivity change due to water submersion by $5.07. → The addition of rhenium by up to 30 at.% to simple geometries containing W-UN mixtures can reduce the change in reactivity due to water submersion by $3.24. - Abstract: The critical mass and dimensions of simple geometries containing highly enriched uranium dioxide (UO 2 ) and uranium mononitride (UN) encapsulated in tungsten-rhenium alloys are determined using MCNP5 criticality calculations. Spheres as well as cylinders with length to radius ratios of 1.82 are computationally built to consist of 60 vol.% fuel and 40 vol.% metal matrix. Within the geometries, the uranium is enriched to 93 wt.% uranium-235 and the rhenium content within the metal alloy was modeled over the range of 0-30 at.%. The spheres containing UO 2 were determined to have a critical radius of 18.29-19.11 cm and a critical mass ranging from 366 kg to 424 kg. The cylinders containing UO 2 were found to have a critical radius ranging from 17.07 cm to 17.84 cm with a corresponding critical mass of 406-471 kg. Spheres engrained with UN were determined to have a critical radius ranging from 14.82 cm to 15.19 cm and a critical mass between 222 kg and 242 kg. Cylinders which were engrained with UN were determined to have a critical radius ranging from 13.81 cm to 14.15 cm and a corresponding critical mass of 245-267 kg. The critical

Rhenium solubility in borosilicate nuclear waste glass: implications for the processing and immobilization of technetium-99.

Science.gov (United States)

McCloy, John S; Riley, Brian J; Goel, Ashutosh; Liezers, Martin; Schweiger, Michael J; Rodriguez, Carmen P; Hrma, Pavel; Kim, Dong-Sang; Lukens, Wayne W; Kruger, Albert A

2012-11-20

The immobilization of technetium-99 ((99)Tc) in a suitable host matrix has proven to be a challenging task for researchers in the nuclear waste community around the world. In this context, the present work reports on the solubility and retention of rhenium, a nonradioactive surrogate for (99)Tc, in a sodium borosilicate glass. Glasses containing target Re concentrations from 0 to 10,000 ppm [by mass, added as KReO(4) (Re(7+))] were synthesized in vacuum-sealed quartz ampules to minimize the loss of Re from volatilization during melting at 1000 °C. The rhenium was found as Re(7+) in all of the glasses as observed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure. The solubility of Re in borosilicate glasses was determined to be ~3000 ppm (by mass) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. At higher rhenium concentrations, additional rhenium was retained in the glasses as crystalline inclusions of alkali perrhenates detected with X-ray diffraction. Since (99)Tc concentrations in a glass waste form are predicted to be wastes, assuming Tc as Tc(7+) and similarities between Re(7+) and Tc(7+) behavior in this glass system.

Effect of rhenium irradiations on the mechanical properties of tungsten for nuclear fusion applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khan, Aneeqa, E-mail: aneeqa.khan-3@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk [School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Elliman, Robert; Corr, Cormac [Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 (Australia); Lim, Joven J.H.; Forrest, Andrew [School of Materials, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Mummery, Paul [School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Evans, Llion M. [Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB (United Kingdom)

2016-08-15

As-received and annealed tungsten samples were irradiated at a temperature of 400 °C with Re and W ions to peak concentrations of 1600 appm (atomic parts per million) and damage levels of 40 dpa (displacements per atom). Mechanical properties were investigated using nanoindentation, and the orientation and depth dependence of irradiation damage was investigated using Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD). Following irradiation there was a 13% increase in hardness in the as received sheet and a 23% increase in the annealed material for both tungsten and rhenium irradiation. The difference between the tungsten and rhenium irradiated samples was negligible, suggesting that for the concentrations and damage levels employed, the presence of rhenium does not have a significant effect on the hardening mechanism. Energy dependent EBSD of annealed samples provided information about the depth distribution of the radiation damage in individual tungsten grains and confirmed that the radiation damage is orientation dependant.

Application of rhenium 186 radiosynovectomy in elbow diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis: Case report with multiple joint involvement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koca, Go Khan; Ozsoy, Ha Kan; Atilgan, Hasan Ikbal; Demirel, Koray; Dincel, Veysel Ercan; Korkmaz, Meliha

2012-01-01

After surgical therapy of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS), recurrence is seen in almost half of the patients. The effectiveness of radiosynovectomy (RSV)in preventing recurrence and complaints of DPVNS is well known. Elbow involvement in DPVNS is a very rare condition; therefore, RSV in elbow hasn't been experienced widely. The aim of this case report is to show the effectiveness of RSV with rhenium 186 (Re 186)sulfide colloid. We applied Re 186 sulfide colloid to the elbow joint of DPVNS patients six weeks after arthroscopic synovectomy. As a result, the patient did not have any complaints, and our findings are compatible with residue or recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in sixth and twentieth month controls after administration. We concluded that Re 186 is an effective adjuvant therapy for the prevention of recurrence and complaints

Submersion criticality safety of tungsten-rhenium urania cermet fuel for space propulsion and power applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Craft, A.E., E-mail: aaron.craft@inl.gov [Center for Space Nuclear Research (CSNR), INL, Idaho Falls, ID (United States); O’Brien, R.C., E-mail: Robert.OBrien@inl.gov [Center for Space Nuclear Research (CSNR), INL, Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Howe, S.D., E-mail: Steven.Howe@inl.gov [Center for Space Nuclear Research (CSNR), INL, Idaho Falls, ID (United States); King, J.C., E-mail: kingjc@mines.edu [Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 (United States)

2014-07-01

Highlights: • Criticality safety studies consider a generic space nuclear reactor in reentry scenarios. • Describes the submersion criticality behavior for a reactor fueled with a tungsten cermet fuel. • Study considers effects of varying fuel content, geometry, and other conditions. - Abstract: Nuclear thermal rockets are the preferred propulsion technology for a manned mission to Mars, and tungsten–uranium oxide cermet fuels could provide significant performance and cost advantages for nuclear thermal rockets. A nuclear reactor intended for use in space must remain subcritical before and during launch, and must remain subcritical in launch abort scenarios where the reactor falls back to Earth and becomes submerged in terrestrial materials (including seawater, wet sand, or dry sand). Submersion increases reflection of neutrons and also thermalizes the neutron spectrum, which typically increases the reactivity of the core. This effect is typically very significant for compact, fast-spectrum reactors. This paper provides a submersion criticality safety analysis for a representative tungsten/uranium oxide fueled reactor with a range of fuel compositions. Each submersion case considers both the rhenium content in the matrix alloy and the uranium oxide volume fraction in the cermet. The inclusion of rhenium significantly improves the submersion criticality safety of the reactor. While increased uranium oxide content increases the reactivity of the core, it does not significantly affect the submersion behavior of the reactor. There is no significant difference in submersion behavior between reactors with rhenium distributed within the cermet matrix and reactors with a rhenium clad in the coolant channels. The combination of the flooding of the coolant channels in submersion scenarios and the presence of a significant amount of spectral shift absorbers (i.e. high rhenium concentration) further decreases reactivity for short reactor cores compared to longer cores.

Separation of tungsten and rhenium on alumina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MILOVAN SM. STOILJKOVIC

2004-09-01

Full Text Available The conditions for the efficient separation of tungsten(VI and rhenium (VII on alumina were established. The distribution coefficients Kd for tungstate and perrhenate anions, as well as the separation factors a (a = KdWO42-/Kd ReO4- were determined using hydrochloric or nitric acid as the aqueous media. A solution of sodium chloride in the pH range 2–6 was also examined. Under all the tested experimental conditions, alumina is a much better adsorbent for tungsten than for rhenium. The obtained results indicated that the best separation of these two elements is achieved when 0.01– 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl or 1.0 mol dm-3 HNO3 are used as the aqueous media. If NaCl is used as the aqueous phase, the best separation is achieved with 0.20 mol dm-3 NaCl, pH 4–6. Under these experimental conditions, the breakthrough and saturation capacities of alumina for tungsten at pH 4 are 17 and 26 mg W/g Al2O3, respectively. With increasing pH, these values decrease. Thus, at pH 6 they are only 4 and 13 mg W/g Al2O3, respectively.

46 CFR 188.10-37 - Label.

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2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Label. 188.10-37 Section 188.10-37 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-37 Label. This term means the label required by 49 CFR part 172...

46 CFR 188.10-51 - Ocean.

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2010-10-01

... Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-51 Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ocean. 188.10-51 Section 188.10-51 Shipping COAST GUARD...

Separation of Rhenium from Lead-Rich Molybdenite Concentrate via Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Followed by Oxidative Roasting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guanghui Li

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Lead-rich molybdenite is a typical rhenium-bearing molybdenum resource in China, which has not been efficiently utilized due to its high contents of lead and gangue minerals. In this study, hydrochloric acid was used for preliminarily removing lead and calcite from a lead-rich molybdenite concentrate. Oxidative roasting-ammonia leaching was then carried out for separation of rhenium and extraction of molybdenum. The hydrochloric acid leaching experiments revealed that 93.6% Pb and 97.4% Ca were removed when the leaching was performed at 95 °C for 10 min with HCl concentration of 8 wt. % and liquid-solid ratio of 5 (mL/g. The results of direct oxidative roasting indicated that 89.3% rhenium was volatilized from the raw concentrate after roasting at 600 °C for 120 min in air. In contrast, the rhenium volatilization was enhanced distinctly to 98.0% after the acid-leached concentrate (leaching residue was roasted at 550 °C for 100 min. By the subsequent ammonia leaching, 91.5% molybdenum was leached out from the calcine produced from oxidative roasting of the acid-leached concentrate, while only 79.3% Mo was leached from the calcine produced by roasting molybdenite concentrate without pretreatment.

S values at voxels level for 188Re and 90Y calculated with the MCNP-4C code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coca, M.A.; Torres, L.A.; Cornejo, N.; Martin, G.

2008-01-01

Full text: MIRD formalism at voxel level has been suggested as an optional methodology to perform internal radiation dosimetry calculation during internal radiation therapy in Nuclear Medicine. Voxel S values for Y 90 , 131 I, 32 P, 99m Tc and 89 Sr have been published to different sizes. Currently, 188 Re has been proposed as a promising radionuclide for therapy due to its physical features and availability from generators. The main objective of this work was to estimate the voxel S values for 188 Re at cubical geometry using the MCNP-4C code for the simulations of radiation transport and energy deposition. Mean absorbed dose to target voxels per radioactive decay in a source voxel were estimated and reported for 188 Re and Y 90 . A comparison of voxel S values computed with the MCNP code and the data reported in MIRD Pamphlet 17 for 90 Y was performed in order to evaluate our results. (author)

Effect of operational parameters and internal recycle on rhenium solvent extraction from leach liquors using a mixer-settler

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mostafa Hosseinzadeh

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The extraction of rhenium from molybdenite roasting dust leach solution was performed using a mixer-settler extractor by tributyl phosphate (TBP diluted in kerosene as the extractant. In the single-stage extraction experiments, effect of the aqueous to organic phase ratios, Qa/Qo, and the number of extraction stages, N, on the rhenium extraction was studied. It was found that using the phase ratio of 1:1 in a two-stage extraction, 87.5% depletion of rhenium was obtained. The comparison of experimental results with the continuous co-current extraction showed a good agreement. The effect of internal recycle of organic phase was investigated in the phase ratio of 1:1 by changing the flow rate ratio of recycle-to-fresh organic phase, Qro/Qfo. The optimum performance was achieved in the phase ratio, Qro/Qfo, equal to 3:7. It was found that improvement in the performance of the mixer-settler for the rhenium-TBP system can be obtained in the phase ratio of 1:1when Qro/Qfo = 3:7.

Radio-embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raoul, J.L.; Edeline, J.; Pracht, M.; Boucher, E.; Rolland, Y.; Garin, E.

2011-01-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma is now a major public health concern. In intermediate stages (one third of hepatocellular carcinoma patients), chemo-embolization is the standard of care despite a poor tolerance and a moderate efficacy. Moreover, despite recent improvements, this technique seems in a dead end. Radio-embolization could be an excellent tool for such patients. Currently 131 I-Lipiodol, 188 Re-Lipiodol, 90 Y-glass or resin microspheres are available. More recent and promising data come from microspheres, but phase II and III studies are needed before drawing any conclusion. In the future, the combination of radio-embolization with systemic chemotherapy or targeted agents (particularly anti-angiogenic drugs) seems very promising. (authors)

A Study on the Trapping Characteristics of Rhenium Oxide Using Ca(OH){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Tae-Kyo; Eun, Hee-Chul; Choi, Jung-Hoon; Lee, Ki-Rak; Han, Seung-Youb; Park, Hwan-Seo [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2017-01-15

The objective of this study was to obtain basic data for trapping gaseous technetium (Tc) oxide generated from the voloxidation process in spent nuclear fuel pyroprocessing. Rhenium (Re) and Ca(OH){sub 2} were used as surrogates for the technetium and a trapping material, respectively. The trapping characteristics of rhenium oxide were investigated with changing temperatures and molar ratios of calcium (Ca) over rhenium, and the thermal behaviors of the trapping products were observed. The products following after the trapping test were identified as Ca(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2} and Ca{sub 5}Re{sub 2}O{sub 12}. The conversion to Ca{sub 5}Re{sub 2}O{sub 12} was preferred with increasing temperatures, and the trapping products were completely converted into Ca5Re2O12 under conditions exceeding 800 ℃, or when maintained at 750 ℃ for 4 hr. The trapping efficiency at a molar ratio of 2.5 (Ca:Re=5:2) was significantly superior to that at the molar ratio of 2.

Country report: India. Development of Radiopharmaceuticals Based on {sup 188}Re and {sup 90}Y for Radionuclide Therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Venkatesh, M.; Pandey, U.; Dhami, P. S.; Chakravarty, R.; Kameswaran, M.; Subramanian, S.; Dash, A.; Samuel, G. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

2010-07-01

During the past decade, our group has focused attention on the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals incorporating radioisotopes such as {sup 90}Y, {sup 188}Re etc. As the primary source of the radioisotopes {sup 90}Y and {sup 188}Re are the {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y generators and {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generators respectively, the local availability of these generator systems is very important for the successful development of radiopharmaceuticals incorporating these radioisotopes. In this context, {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y generators based on Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) [1-3] and electrochemical techniques [4] could be designed and deployed in our laboratories for the elution of {sup 90}Y to be used for preparation of {sup 90}Y labeled products. This work formed a part of the IAEA co-ordinated CRP on “Development of Generator Technologies for Therapeutic Radionuclides: {sup 90}Y and {sup 188}Re”. In this report, work on the development of {sup 90}Y radiopharmaceuticals for treatment of liver cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is reported. In addition, comparison of the Extraction Paper Chromatography technique (EPC) developed for determination of {sup 90}Sr contamination in {sup 90}Y samples with the US Pharmacopeia recommended method as well as the validation of the EPC technique is presented.

188Re-loaded lipid nanocapsules as a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for internal radiotherapy of malignant gliomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allard, E.; Hindre, F.; Passirani, C.; Lemaire, L.; Benoit, J.P.; Lepareur, N.; Noiret, N.; Menei, P.

2008-01-01

Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) entrapping lipophilic complexes of 188 Re( 188 Re(S 3 CPh) 2 (S 2 CPh) [ 188 Re-SSS]) were investigated as a novel radiopharmaceutical carrier for internal radiation therapy of malignant gliomas. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-cerebral administration of 188 Re-SSS LNC by means of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) on a 9L rat brain tumour model. Female Fischer rats with 9L glioma were treated with a single injection of 188 Re-SSS LNC by CED 6days after cell implantation. Rats were put into random groups according to the dose infused: 12, 10, 8 and 3Gy in comparison with blank LNC, perrhenate solution (4Gy) and non-treated animals. The radionuclide brain retention level was evaluated by measuring 188 Re elimination in faeces and urine over 72h after the CED injection. The therapeutic effect of 188 Re-SSS LNC was assessed based on animal survival. CED of 188 Re perrhenate solution resulted in rapid drug clearance with a brain T 1/2 of 7h. In contrast, when administered in LNC, 188 Re tissue retention was greatly prolonged, with only 10% of the injected dose being eliminated at 72h. Rat median survival was significantly improved for the group treated with 8Gy 188 Re-SSS LNC compared to the control group and blank LNC-treated animals. The increase in the median survival time was about 80% compared to the control group; 33% of the animals were long-term survivors. The dose of 8Gy proved to be a very effective dose, between toxic (10-12Gy) and ineffective (3-4Gy) doses. These findings show that CED of 188 Re-loaded LNC is a safe and potent anti-tumour system for treating malignant gliomas. Our data are the first to show the in vivo efficacy of 188 Re internal radiotherapy for the treatment of brain malignancy. (orig.)

Synthesis of PBAD-lipiodol nanoparticles for combination treatment with boric acid in boron neutron capture therapy for hepatoma in-vitro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chou, F.I.; Chung, H.P.; Liu, H.M.; Wen, H.W.; Chi, C.W.; Lin, Shanyang; Lui, W.Y.; Kai, J.J.

2006-01-01

This study attempted to increase BNCT efficiency for hepatoma by a combined treatment of phenylboric acid derivative entrapped lipiodol nanoparticles (PBAD-L nanoparticles) with boric acid. The size of PBAD-L nanoparticles were 400-750 nm at the boron concentrations of 0.3-2.7 mg/ml. After 24 hours the boron concentration in PBAD-L nanoparticles treated human hepatoma HepG2 cells was 112 ppm, while that in rat liver Clone 9 cells was 52 ppm. With the use of 25 μg B/ml boric acid, after 6 hours the boron concentration in HepG2 and Clone 9 cells were 75 ppm and 40 ppm, respectively. In a combined treatment, boron concentration in HepG2 cells which were treated with PBAD-L nanoparticles for 18 hours and then combined with boric acid for 6 hours was 158 ppm. After neutron irradiation, the surviving fraction of HepG2 cells treated with PBAD-L nanoparticles was 12.6%, while that in the ones with a combined treatment was 1.3%. In conclusion, the combined treatment provided a higher boron concentration in HepG2 cells than treatments with either PBAD-L nanoparticles or boric acid, resulting in a higher therapeutic efficacy of BNCT in hepatoma cells. (author)

Development of the method of the preparation of albumin microspheres labelled 188-rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dyomin, D.N.; Petriev, V.M.

2001-01-01

The basis of effective and wide usage of radioisotope methods in diagnostic and therapy of tumoral and not tumoral diseases is development of new radiopharmaceuticals, described by high functional value and safety. The efficiency and safety of radiopharmaceuticals are defined by the nuclear - physical characteristics of radionuclides, and also physicochemical and biological properties of carriers for selective delivery of radionuclides. Therefore an important direction in radiopharmacy is the search, the development and estimation of particular properties radiopharmaceuticals for radiotherapy of tumoral and not tumoral diseases, where the main thing is the choice of optimal carriers and radionuclides. At present time two types of carriers are used for delivery radionuclides: soluble preparations and insoluble so-called microparticles. (authors)

46 CFR 188.10-11 - Chemistry laboratory.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemistry laboratory. 188.10-11 Section 188.10-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-11 Chemistry laboratory. This term includes...

sup(99m)Tc-sulfur-rhenium-colloid and 111In-indiumcitrate in the bone marrow scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glaubitt, D.; Haberland, K.; Knoch, K.; Fejer, F.L.; Zachariah, S.; Staedtische Krankenanstalten Krefeld

1975-01-01

Bone marrow scintigraphy using 111 In-Indium-citrate and sup(99m)Tc-sulfur rhenium colloid was compared with each other in 6 male and 3 female patients. Our results in all patients were in favour of 111 In-citrate which caused a better delineation of morphological details than sup(99m)Tc-sulfur rhenium colloid did. In the first days after intravenous administration of 111 In-citrate, radioindium accumulated markedly in the pudendal region, this finding being more distinct in male patients than in female ones. On account of these results a considerable radiation dose has to be assumed in bone marrow scintigraphy using 111 In-citrate as long as the absorbed dose from 111 In has not been estimated under consideration of the radioindium accumulation in the pudendal region. 111 In-citrate should be applied in bone marrow scanning only exceptionally and sup(99m)Tc-sulfur rhenium colloid be preferred in the routine diagnostics of bone marrow. (orig.) [de

Application of PET-CT in monitoring residual and extrahepatic metastatic lesions for hepatocellular carcinoma with positive alpha fetoproteins after interventional therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Guangyu; Teng Gaojun; Guo Jinhe; Deng Gang; He Shicheng; Fang Wen; Li Guozhao; Chen Xiaohui; Wei Xiaoying

2010-01-01

Objective: To investigate the value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in monitoring the residual lesions in lipiodol sedimentary region and extrahepatic metastastic lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with alpha fetoproteins (AFP) positive after interventional therapy. Methods: The data of 20 cases with primary HCC confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed. Their AFP levels decreased to normal range after interventional treatments, but rose to abnormal high level during following-up. After the abdominal routine imaging examinations, the definite diagnosis of the residual lesions in lipiodol sedimentary region or extrahepatic lesions can't be made confidently. All cases were scanned by PET-CT, and according to their PET-CT results, the further treatments were given and the therapeutic results were monitored with radiology and AFP tests. Results: In all 20 cases, 10 of them were detected to have the extrahepatic metastastic lesions by PET-CT, including 4 with abdominal wall metastasis upon the liver, 3 with solitary pulmonary metastasis with diameter less than 1 cm, 2 with mesenteric metastasis, 1 with metastasis of operative incisions, but these lesions were neglected by abdominal routine imaging examinations. Eight cases showed the uneven lipiodol sedimentary region in the primary lesion by CT or MRI examination, but can't be diagnosed whether it was residual lesion with other examinations including DSA. A definite diagnosis was obtained by PET-CT. In 2 cases, lymph nodes less than 1.5 cm were found in the hepatic portal area (PHA) and retroperitoneum on CT images, which was determined to be metastatic by PET-CT. All the detected lesions were given further treatments of surgery or interventional therapy. Most patients showed decreased AFP levels except the 2 patients with lymph node metastasis. The imaging examinations also indicated that the treatments had a good effect on lesions. Conclusion: In the patients with

46 CFR 188.10-3 - Approved container.

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2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved container. 188.10-3 Section 188.10-3 Shipping... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-3 Approved container. This term means a container which is properly labeled, marked and approved by DOT for the commodity which it contains. [CGFR...

188Re radiopharmaceuticals for radiosynovectomy: evaluation and comparison of tin colloid, hydroxyapatite and tin-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Savio, Eduardo; Ures, María Cristina; Zeledón, Patricia; Trindade, Victoria; Paolino, Andrea; Mockford, Virginia; Malanga, Antonio; Fernández, Marcelo; Gaudiano, Javier

2004-01-01

Radiosynovectomy is a therapy used to relieve pain and inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. In this study three 188 Re particulate compounds were characterized according to their physico-chemical properties and their biological behavior in rabbits. The results were compared in order to establish which was the radiopharmaceutical that better fits the requirements of this kind of radiotherapy. Three radiopharmaceutical formulations, tin colloid, hydroxyapatite particles (HA) and ferric hydroxide macroaggregates coated with tin colloid (FHMA), were physically characterized (number, volume and surface of the particles). For this purpose laser diffraction methodology was used. To evaluate cavity leakage of activity the following studies in New Zealand rabbits were performed: scintigraphic images for 48 hr after intraarticular injection of each radiopharmaceutical, biodistribution at 48 hr and urine samples collection during the first 24 hr post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Labeling procedures for 188 Re-HA and 188 Re-Sn-FHMA were labour intensive while 188 Re-Sn was easily prepared. Furthermore, 188 Re-Sn colloid offered the greatest surface area in the 2–10 microm range and was obtained with a radiochemical purity over 95%, while percentage of bound activity for 188 Re-HA and 188 Re-Sn-FHMA were 55% and 92% respectively. Stability was verified for the three radiopharmaceuticals for 24 hr. Scintigraphic studies and biodistribution in rabbits after intraarticular administration of the radiopharmaceuticals showed relevant activity only in the knee, this being over 90% of the residual activity in the whole body at 48 hr in every case. Renal elimination of 188 Re-Sn colloid and 188 Re-Sn-FHMA was detected by activity measurements in urine samples, during the first 12 hr post-radiopharmaceutical injection. The percentage of activity retained in the knee was 69.1% for 188 Re-Sn colloid, 55.1% for 188 Re-Sn-FHMA and 33.6% for 188 Re-HA. The 188

Affinity of hydroxyapatite by radionuclides parent/child in 188Re/188W generator for radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrera D, A. A.; Badillo A, V.; Badillo A, V. E.; Monroy G, F.

2009-10-01

To assess the feasibility of using apatites as matrices of 188 W/ 188 Re generator is essential to obtain the distribution coefficients as much of parent radionuclide as child radionuclide in apatite, that is to say to know their affinity for the solid. It was selected the mineral species more representative as adsorbent, the hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 it is known for its great capacity of ions retention and by presenting a large affinity for anionic species in their surface. In this paper we use a synthetic hydroxyapatite marketed by Bio-Rad. This paper presents the preliminary results regarding the affinity of hydroxyapatite for the anionic species tungstates (WO 4 2- ) and perrhenates (ReO 4 - in EDTA, as background electrolyte expressed as distribution coefficients between two immiscible phases obtained with the help of radioactive tracers 187 W and 188 Re respectively. The retention measures of these ions, traces show that Bio-Gel hydroxyapatite presents moderate values of distribution coefficients for anionic species of W(Vi) in EDTA 0.01 mol/L that are in the range p H 5 to 6.5; the parent radionuclide of generator 188 Re/ 188 W is fixed but not enough to consider it a good absorbent. By contrast, the fixation of perrhenate ions is virtually wiped as may be easily removed from a hydroxyapatite column packed with a saline solution. The influence of this saline solution in the removal of perrhenate ions is null practically. (Author)

Effect of deformation and annealing on mechanical properties of nickel-rhenium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mashkova, V.M.

1978-01-01

Studied have been the mechanical properties of nickel-rhenium alloys, depending on the extent of deformation and heat treatment leading to softening. The mechanical properties of the alloys have been estimated by the results of the tensile tests of wire samples. The softening of the alloy at different temperatures is judged about by the variation in hardness. The results of the study indicate that the most abrupt reduction in the hardness of the cold-hardened metal occurs at 900-1,000 deg C and the hold-time of 1 min. Increase in the hold-time at such temperature almost does not reduce the hardness. It is established that in order to soften nickel-rhenium alloys in the process of the cold-deformation at brief annealings in the air the hold-time should not exceed 5 min at 800-900 deg C

Highvalent and organometallic technetium and rhenium compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oehlke, Elisabeth

2010-01-01

Diagnostic methods in nuclear medicine allow a detailed description of morphological organ structures and their function. The beta emitting isotope Tc-99 has optimal physical properties (140 keV gamma rays, half-life 6 h) and is therefore used for radiopharmaceuticals. The thesis is concerned with the search for new technetium complexes and their reproducible production. The (TcO3) core is of main interest. The second part of the thesis deals with organometallic technetium and rhenium complexes with carbonyl ligands and N-heterocyclic carbenes that show stability in aerobic aqueous solutions.

Effect of carrier on labeling and biodistribution of Re-188-Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Young Soo; Jeong, Jae Min; Kim, Bo Kwang; Cho, Jung Hyuk; Lee, Dong Soo; Chung, June Key; Lee, Myung Chul; Lee, Seung Jin; Jin, Ren Jie; Lee, Sang Eun

2000-01-01

Re-188-Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new cost-effective agent for systemic radioisotope therapy of metastatic bone pain. We investigated the influence of carrier for labeling and biodistribution of Re-188-HEDP using HEDP kit with or without carrier (KReO 4 ). The kits (HEDP 15 mg, gentisic acid 4 mg and SnC1 2 .2H 2 O 4.5 mg) with or without carrier (KReO 4 0.1 mg) were labeled with Re-188 solution, made available from an in-house generator by boiling for 15 min. We compared the labeling efficiency and stability of carrier-added and carrier-free preparations of Re-188-HEDP. Biodistribution and imaging studies of each preparation were performed in ICR mice (1.85-3.7 MBq/0.1 ml) and SD rats (74.1-85.2 MBq/0.5 ml). The carrier-added preparation showed high labeling efficiency (95% at pH 5) and high stability in serum (88%, 3hr). However, the carrier-free preparation showed low labeling efficiency (59% at pH 5) and low stability (43%, 3 hr). The carrier-added preparation showed high uptake in bone and low uptake in stomach and kidneys. However, the carrier-free preparation showed lower uptake in bone and higher uptake in both stomach and kidneys, which is supposed to be due to released perrhenate. The carrier-added preparation also showed better images with higher skeletal accumulation, lower uptake in other organs and lower soft tissue uptake than the carrier-free preparation. The results of these studies clearly demonstrate that addition of carrier perrhenate is required for high labeling efficiency, stability, bone uptake and good image quality of Re-188-HEDP.=20

46 CFR 188.10-59 - Recognized classification society.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Recognized classification society. 188.10-59 Section 188... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-59 Recognized classification society. This term means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society...

Study on the application of crown ether for neutron activation analysis of rubidium and rhenium in rock samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaolin; Fu Yibei; Liu Yinong; Xiong Zonghua; Hao Fanhua

1996-01-01

The extraction behaviour of rubidium and rhenium with 18-crown-6 (18C6) and benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) in nitrobenzene from picric acid or potassium hydroxide solution are studied and methods for separation and determination are developed. The molar ratio of 18C6 to Rb and B15C5 to Re in the extracted species is probably 2:1. Rubidium and rhenium in rock samples are satisfactorily determined by neutron activation method

The value of paradoxical uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of lipiodol uptake after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jeong Woo, E-mail: pridebio@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Chang Hee, E-mail: chlee86@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Yang Shin, E-mail: pys797979@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Seo, Tae Seok, E-mail: g1q1papa@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Song, Myung Gyu, E-mail: acube808@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Ji Hoon, E-mail: kjhhepar@naver.com [Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kyeong Ah, E-mail: kahkim@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Cheol Min, E-mail: radpic@hanmail.net [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2017-04-15

Highlights: • HCC{sub para} shows more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake after TACE than HCC{sub def}. • HCC{sub para} demonstrates less frequent early local recurrence after TACE. • HCC{sub para} has larger mean size, lower AER, and more frequent capsule appearance. - Abstract: Purpose: To compare the response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with paradoxical uptake on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) (HCC{sub para}) and HCC with defect on the HBP (HCC{sub def}), and to identify some imaging features that can differentiate between two groups. Materials and methods: Ninety-three HCCs from 54 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to TACE were included. HCCs were classified into two groups according to the signal intensity (SI) on the HBP: HCC{sub para} and HCC{sub def}. Using post-TACE computed tomography (CT) as a reference standard, initial compact lipiodol uptake was assessed and compared between groups. The arterial enhancement ratio (AER), SI ratios of the arterial phase and HBP, and presence of the capsule appearance were compared between groups. After initial response, local tumor recurrence within 6 and 18 months was evaluated based on follow-up CT or MRI. Results: Fifteen HCC{sub para} and 78 HCC{sub def} were included. Compared to HCC{sub def}, HCC{sub para} showed more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake (p = 0.009), larger mean size (p = 0.019), lower AER (p = 0.005), higher SI ratio of the HBP (p < 0.0001), and more frequent capsule appearance (p < 0.0001). Local tumor recurrence rate within 6 months was also significantly lower in HCC{sub para} than in HCC{sub def} (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Despite larger size and lower AER, HCC{sub para} showed more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake and lower early local recurrence rate after TACE than did HCC{sub def}.

Femtosecond Fluorescence and Intersystem Crossing in Rhenium(I) Carbonyl-Bipyridine Complexes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cannizzo, A.; Blanco-Rodríguez, A. M.; Nahhas, A. E.; Šebera, Jakub; Záliš, Stanislav; Vlček, Antonín; Chergui, M.

2008-01-01

Roč. 130, č. 28 (2008), s. 8967-8974 ISSN 0002-7863 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P05OC068 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : rhenium(I) * carbonyl-bipyridine * intersystem crossing Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 8.091, year: 2008

Effect of carrier on labeling and biodistribution of Re-188-hydroxyethylidene disphosphonate (HEDP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, Y. S.; Jeong, J. M.; Kim, B. K.; Lee, D. S.; Jeong, J. K.; Lee, M. C.; Cho, J. H.

1998-01-01

Re-188- hydroxyethylidene disphosphonate (HEDP) is a new cost-effective agent for systemic radioisotope therapy of metastatic bone pain. We investigated the influence of carrier for labeling and biodistribution of Re-188-HEDP using HEDP kit(HEDP 15 mg, gentisic acid 4 mg and SnCl 2 2H 2 O 4.5 mg) with or without carrier (KReO 4 0.1 mg). The kits labeled with Re-188 solution available from an in-house generator by boiling for 15 min. The generator provides high 70-80 % equil yields and has an indefnite self-life. We compared the stability of carrier-added(CA) and carrier-free(CF) preparations of Re-188-HEDP. Biodistribution and imaging studies of each preparation were performed in ICR mice(1.85-3.7 MBq/0.1 ml) and SD rats(74.1-85.2 MBq/0.5 ml). The CA preparation showed high labeling efficiency(95% at pH 5) and high stability in serum(88%, 3 hr). However, the CF preparation showed low labeling efficiency(59% at pH 5) and low stability(43%, 3 hr). The CA preparation showed high uptake in bone and low uptake in stomach and kidneys. However, the CF preparation showed lower uptake in bone and higher uptake in both stomach and kidney, which is supposed to be due to released perrhenate. The CA preparation also showed better images with higher skeletal accumulation, lower uptake in other organs and lower soft tissue uptake than the CF preparation of carrier perrhenate is required for high labeling efficiency, stability, bone uptake and good image quality of Re-188-HEDP

Molecular Engineering of Technetium and Rhenium Based Radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zubieta, J.

2003-01-01

The research was based on the observation that despite the extraordinarily rich coordination chemistry of technetium and rhenium and several notable successes in reagent design, the extensive investigations by numerous research groups on a variety of N 2 S 2 and N 3 S donor type ligands and on HYNIC have revealed that the chemistries of these ligands with Tc and Re are rather complex, giving rise to considerable difficulties in the development of reliable procedures for the development of radiopharmaceutical reagents

Rhenium(V) complexing with benzimidazole in acidic media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zakaeva, R.Sh.; Gagieva, S.Ch.; Kaloev, N.I.; Bukov, N.N.; Panyushkin, V.T.

2003-01-01

Coordination compounds of rhenium(V) with 1H-benzimidazole (L) separated from acid media: (HL) 2 [ReOX 5 ](H 2 O) n and [ReOL x X y (H 2 O) z ](H 2 O) n (HL and L - protonated and deprotonated forms of benzimidazole; X = Cl - , Br - ) were studied by the methods of IR spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Methods of ligand coordination in the complexes are discussed on the basis of data obtained [ru

Fabrication and use of zircaloy/tantalum-sheathed cladding thermocouples and molybdenum/rhenium-sheathed fuel centerline thermocouples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilkins, S.C.; Sepold, L.K.

1985-01-01

The thermocouples described in this report are zircaloy/tantalum-sheathed and molybdenum/rhenium alloy-sheathed instruments intended for fuel rod cladding and fuel centerline temperature measurements, respectively. Both types incorporate beryllium oxide insulation and tungsten/rhenium alloy thermoelements. These thermocouples, operated at temperatures of 2000 0 C and above, were developed for use in the internationally sponsored Severe Fuel Damage test series in the Power Burst Facility. The fabrication steps for both thermocouple types are described in detail. A laser-welding attachment technique for the cladding-type thermocouple is presented, and experience with alternate materials for cladding and fuel therocouples is discussed

Half-life measurements in doubly-odd sup(186,188,190)Au nuclei and the 188Hg -> Au decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abreu, M.C.; Berg, V.; Fransson, K.; Hoeglund, A.; Oms, J.; Porquet, M.G.

1985-01-01

A level scheme has been established for 188 Hg -> Au decay which was studied with the online isotope separator ISOCELE. Precise conversion-electron measurements were performed with a semicircular magnetic spectrograph. The half-lives of the 16.0, 82.7 and 114.8 keV levels in 188 Au were measured with a lens electron spectrometer and reduced transition rates were deduced. Similarly the half-lives of the 36.1, 113.9, 227.7, 251.5, 288.0 and 363.6 keV levels in 186 Au and of the 28.9 and 171.5 keV levels in 190 Au were measured. Comparison of the reduced e.m. transition rates shows that a 1 + and a 2 - state have respectively the same structure in sup(186,) sup(188,) sup(190,) 192 Au, the same conclusion holding for the 1 - sub(g.s.) of sup(188,) sup(190,) 192 Au. Additional measurements in 189 , 191 Hg and 185 , 187 Au together with data from the literature enable us to interpret them as a coupling of certain quasiparticle states of neighbouring odd-A nuclei corresponding to oblate shapes. Indications are given that some other negative- and positive-parity states in 188 Au also belong to an oblate system. The nucleus 188 Au appears as the last of a series of doubly-odd gold nuclei where no shape coexistence has, as yet, been observed. (orig.)

Rhenium(V) complexes with sulfur-containing amino acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gagieva, S.Ch.; Tautieva, M.A.; Tsaloev, A.T.; Galimov, Yu.B.; Gagieva, L.Ch.; Belyaeva, T.N.

2007-01-01

Rhenium(V) complexes with 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (methionine, Met) and 2-amino-3-sulfopropionic acid (cysteine, Cys) have been synthesized. Depending on the initial reagent ratio, the resulting complexes contain one or two ligand molecules. On heating the compounds with one amino acid molecule, two hydrogen halide molecules are removed at 128-132 deg C to form a molecular complex. The composition, structure, and thermal stability of the complexes have been studied by elemental analysis, conductometry, IR spectroscopy, NMR, and mass spectrometry [ru

THERMIONIC EMISSION ENHANCEMENT FROM CESIUM COATED RHENIUM IN ELECTRIC FIELDS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

de Steese, J. G.; Zollweg, R. J.

1963-04-15

The plasma-anode technique was used to observe anomalously high thermionic emission from a rhenium surface with small cesium coverage, where the work function of the composite surface is greater than the ionization potential of cesium. Data suggest that emission enhancement is caused by increased cesium coverage because of cesiumion trapping near the emitter surface under the influence of an ion-rich sheath. (auth)

Affinity of hydroxyapatite by radionuclides parent/child in {sup 188}Re/{sup 188}W generator for radiotherapy; Afinidad de la hidroxiapatita por los radionuclidos padre/hijo en el generador {sup 188}Re/{sup 188}W para radioterapia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carrera D, A. A. [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Ciencias Quimicas, Campus Universitario Siglo XXI, Ejido La Escondida, Carretera a Guadalajara Km. 6 (Mexico); Badillo A, V. [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares, Calle Cipres No. 10, Fracc. La Penuela 98068, Zacatecas (Mexico); Badillo A, V. E.; Monroy G, F. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)], e-mail: ana_carrera7@hotmail.com

2009-10-15

To assess the feasibility of using apatites as matrices of {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator is essential to obtain the distribution coefficients as much of parent radionuclide as child radionuclide in apatite, that is to say to know their affinity for the solid. It was selected the mineral species more representative as adsorbent, the hydroxyapatite Ca{sub 10} (PO{sub 4}){sub 6}(OH){sub 2} it is known for its great capacity of ions retention and by presenting a large affinity for anionic species in their surface. In this paper we use a synthetic hydroxyapatite marketed by Bio-Rad. This paper presents the preliminary results regarding the affinity of hydroxyapatite for the anionic species tungstates (WO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) and perrhenates (ReO{sub 4}{sup -} in EDTA, as background electrolyte expressed as distribution coefficients between two immiscible phases obtained with the help of radioactive tracers {sup 187}W and {sup 188}Re respectively. The retention measures of these ions, traces show that Bio-Gel hydroxyapatite presents moderate values of distribution coefficients for anionic species of W(Vi) in EDTA 0.01 mol/L that are in the range p H 5 to 6.5; the parent radionuclide of generator {sup 188}Re/{sup 188}W is fixed but not enough to consider it a good absorbent. By contrast, the fixation of perrhenate ions is virtually wiped as may be easily removed from a hydroxyapatite column packed with a saline solution. The influence of this saline solution in the removal of perrhenate ions is null practically. (Author)

Lattice strains in gold and rhenium under nonhydrostatic compression to 37 GPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duffy, Thomas S.; Shen, Guoyin; Heinz, Dion L.; Shu, Jinfu; Ma, Yanzhang; Mao, Ho-Kwang; Hemley, Russell J.; Singh, Anil K.

1999-01-01

Using energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction techniques together with the theory describing lattice strains under nonhydrostatic compression, the behavior of a layered sample of gold and rhenium has been studied at pressures of 14-37 GPa. For gold, the uniaxial stress component t is consistent with earlier studies and can be described by t=0.06+0.015P where P is the pressure in GPa. The estimated single-crystal elastic moduli are in reasonable agreement with trends based on extrapolated low-pressure data. The degree of elastic anisotropy increases as α, the parameter which characterizes stress-strain continuity across grain boundaries, is reduced from 1.0 to 0.5. For rhenium, the apparent equation of state has been shown to be strongly influenced by nonhydrostatic compression, as evidenced by its dependence on the angle ψ between the diffracting plane normal and the stress axis. The bulk modulus obtained by inversion of nonhydrostatic compression data can differ by nearly a factor of 2 at angles of 0 degree sign and 90 degree sign . On the other hand, by a proper choice of ψ, d spacings corresponding to quasihydrostatic compression can be obtained from data obtained under highly nonhydrostatic conditions. The uniaxial stress in rhenium over the pressure range from 14-37 GPa can be described by t=2.5+0.09P. The large discrepancy between x-ray elastic moduli and ultrasonic data and theoretical calculations indicates that additional factors such as texturing or orientation dependence of t need to be incorporated to more fully describe the strain distribution in hexagonal-close-packed metals. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society

Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(I) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wedding, Jason L.; Harris, Hugh H.; Bader, Christie A.; Plush, Sally E.; Mak, Rachel

2016-01-01

Optical fluorescence microscopy was used in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence microscopy to monitor the stability and intracellular distribution of the luminescent rhenium(I) complex fac-[Re(CO) 3 (phen)L], where phen = 1,10-phenathroline and L = 5-(4-iodophenyl)tetrazolato, in 22Rv1 cells. The rhenium complex showed no signs of ancillary ligand dissociation, a conclusion based on data obtained via X-ray fluorescence imaging aligning iodine and rhenium distributions. A diffuse reticular localisation was detected for the complex, in the nuclear/perinuclear region of cells, by either optical or X-ray fluorescence techniques. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence also showed that the Re-I complex disrupted the homeostasis of some biologically relevant elements, such as chlorine, potassium and zinc.

SKLB188 inhibits the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing EGFR signalling.

Science.gov (United States)

Barzegar, Mansoureh; Ma, Shuang; Zhang, Chao; Chen, Xin; Gu, Ying; Shang, Chaowei; Jiang, Xiaojuan; Yang, Jiao; Nathan, Cherie-Ann; Yang, Shengyong; Huang, Shile

2017-10-10

-dependently inhibited FaDu xenograft growth in nude mice, and concurrently inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt in the tumours. SKLB188 potently inhibits the growth of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting EGFR signalling. The results provide a basis for further clinical investigation of SKLB188 as a targeted therapy for HNSCC. Our findings may open a new avenue for development of novel EGFR inhibitors for treatment of HNSCC and other cancers.

Effect of the method for rhenium neptasulfide preparation on its catalytic properties in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and m-nitrobenzoic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pal'chevskaya, T.A.; Bogutskaya, L.V.; Belousov, V.M.

1988-01-01

The effect of conditions of rhenium heptasulfide synthesis by thiosulfate method on its physicochemical and catalytic properties during hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and m-nitrobenzoic acid has been studied. It is shown that the maximum yield of m-aminobenzoic acid can be attained on insoluble sulfide rhenium contacts, containing excessive amount of sulfur (3.5 %). Under certain conditions of catalyst synthesis particles of Re 2 S 7 soluble in dimethylformamide are formed, which possess selectivity towards amine

Complexation of 188Re-phosphonates: in vitro and in vivo studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faintuch, B.L.; Muramoto, E.; Faintuch, S.

2003-01-01

MDP (methylenediphosphonate) and HEDP (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate), both disphosphonates, and EDTMP (ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid), a tetraphosphonate ligand, have been previously labeled with 188 Re for use in metastatic bone-pain palliation. The aim of this study was a comparison between the three complexes 188 Re-MDP, 188 Re-HEDP and 188 Re-EDTMP concerning the complexation conditions, in order to achieve maximum yield, stability and bone uptake. Methods: MDP was dissolved in water and HEDP and EDTMP were dissolved in NaOH 1 N followed by reduction of pH with HCl 1 N. To all mixtures stannous chloride and 188 ReO 4 - were added in a nitrogen atmosphere. The preparations were heated in boiling water bath for 15 min. Yield as well as radiochemical stability was estimated by ITLC. Different concentrations of phosphonates and stannous chloride were evaluated. Biodistribution studies in Swiss mice were done for the three 188 Re-phosphonates that presented the best radiochemical yield. The optimal ligand concentration for maximum complexation was 85.2 mM for MDP, 72.8 mM for HEDP and 45.8 mM for EDTMP. The best amount of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O was 1.5 mg/mL for 188 Re-HEDP and 1 mg/mL for both 188 Re-MDP and 188 Re-EDTMP. In these conditions the three complexes showed a complexation rate above 95%. Reasonable radiochemical stability for 24 hours was achieved by 188 Re-EDTMP when employing ascorbic acid. All products showed a great uptake by the kidneys. 188 Re-EDTMP had the greatest uptake by femur (3.1 ± 0.2% ID/g) followed by 188 Re-MDP (1.2 ± 0.1% ID/g) and 188 Re-HEDP (1.0 ± 0.1% ID/g), 4 hours post injection. 188 Re-EDTMP displayed a femur bone/muscle ratio of 28.5, 188 Re-MDP 4.9 and 188 Re-HEDP 4.9. In conclusion 188 Re-EDTMP demonstrated the best potential as a radiopharmaceutical for bone cancer pain relief, encouraging further dosimetric studies and clinical trials. (orig.)

47 CFR 1.88 - Predesignation pleading procedure.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Predesignation pleading procedure. 1.88 Section... Rules of Practice and Procedure Miscellaneous Proceedings § 1.88 Predesignation pleading procedure. In... staff, in its discretion, may in writing, advise such licensee of the general nature of the...

Studies of gel metal-oxide composite samples as filling materials for W-188/Re-188 generator column

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Iller, E.; Polkowska-Motrenko, H.; Lada, W.; Wawszczak, D.; Sypula, M.; Doner, K.; Konior, M.; Milczarek, J.; Zoladek, J.; Ráliš, Jan

2009-01-01

Roč. 281, č. 1 (2009), s. 83-86 ISSN 0236-5731. [9th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences. Lisbon, 07.09.2008-12.09.2008] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10480505 Keywords : W-188/Re-188 generator * W-Zr gels * W-Zr composites * Sol-gel process Subject RIV: CH - Nuclear ; Quantum Chemistry Impact factor: 0.631, year: 2009

Stabilization Improves Theranostic Properties of Lipiodol{sup ®}-Based Emulsion During Liver Trans-arterial Chemo-embolization in a VX2 Rabbit Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deschamps, F., E-mail: frederic.deschamps@gustaveroussy.fr; Farouil, G. [Université Paris-Saclay, Département de radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy (France); Gonzalez, W.; Robic, C. [Guerbet France, Guerbet (France); Paci, A.; Mir, L. M. [Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 8203 (France); Tselikas, L.; Baère, T. de [Université Paris-Saclay, Département de radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy (France)

2017-06-15

PurposeTo demonstrate that stability is a crucial parameter for theranostic properties of Lipiodol{sup ®}-based emulsions during liver trans-arterial chemo-embolization.Materials and MethodsWe compared the theranostic properties of two emulsions made of Lipiodol{sup ®} and doxorubicin in two successive animal experiments (One VX2 tumour implanted in the left liver lobe of 30 rabbits). Emulsion-1 reproduced one of the most common way of preparation (ratio of oil/water: 1/1), and emulsion-2 was designed to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion with enhanced stability (ratio of oil/water: 3/1, plus an emulsifier). The first animal experiment compared the tumour selectivity of the two emulsions: seven rabbits received left hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of emulsion-1 and eight received HAI of emulsion-2. 3D-CBCT acquisitions were acquired after HAI of every 0.1 mL to measure the densities’ ratios between the tumours and the left liver lobes. The second animal experiment compared the plasmatic and tumour doxorubicin concentrations after HAI of 1.5 mg of doxorubicin administered either alone (n = 3) or in emulsion-1 (n = 6) or in emulsion-2 (n = 6).ResultsEmulsion-2 resulted in densities’ ratios between the tumours and the left liver lobes that were significantly higher compared to emulsion-1 (up to 0.4 mL infused). Plasmatic doxorubicin concentrations (at 5 min) were significantly lower after HAI of emulsion-2 (19.0 μg/L) than emulsion-1 (275.3 μg/L, p < 0.01) and doxorubicin alone (412.0 μg/L, p < 0.001), and tumour doxorubicin concentration (day-1) was significantly higher after HAI of emulsion-2 (20,957 ng/g) than in emulsion-1 (8093 ng/g, p < 0.05) and doxorubicin alone (2221 ng/g, p < 0.01).ConclusionStabilization of doxorubicin in a water-in-oil Lipiodol{sup ®}-based emulsion results in better theranostic properties.

46 CFR 154.188 - Membrane tank: Inner hull steel.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. 154.188 Section 154.188... STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Hull Structure § 154.188 Membrane tank: Inner hull steel. For a vessel with membrane tanks, the inner hull...

Studies of technetium chemistry. Pt.8. The regularities of the bond length and configuration of rhenium and technetium complexes in crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Guozheng; Liu Boli

1995-01-01

Some bond length regularities in MO 6 , MO-4, MX 5 α and MX 4 αβ moieties of technetium and rhenium compounds are summarized and rationalized by cavity model. The chemical properties of technetium and rhenium are so similar that their corresponding complexes have almost the same configuration and M-X bond lengths when they are in cavity-controlled state. Technetium and Rhenium combine preferably with N, O, F, S, Cl and Br when they are in higher oxidation states (>3), but preferably with P, Se etc. when they are in lower oxidation states ( 4 αβ is approximately constant; (2) the average M-X bond length of MX 6 varies moderately with the oxidation state of M; (3) the bond length of M-X trans to M-α in MX 5 α has a linear relationship with the angle

Study on the preparation and stability of 188Re biomolecules via EHDP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferro-Flores, G.; Garcia-Salinas, L.; Paredes-Gutierrez, L.; Hashimoto, K.; Melendez-Alafort, L.; Murphy, C.A.

2001-01-01

A direct labelling technique via ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid (EHDP) as a weak competing ligand was developed for the preparation of several biomolecules: 188 Re-monoclonal antibody ior cea1 against carcinoembryonic antigen ( 188 Re-MoAb), biotinylated 188 Re-MoAb ( 188 Re-MoAb-biotin), 188 Re-polyclonal IgG ( 188 Re-IgG), 188 Re-peptide (somatostatine analogue peptide b-(2-naphtyl)-D-Ala-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-amide), 188 Re-MoAb fragments ( 188 Re-F(ab') 2 ) and biotinylated 188 Re-F(ab') 2 ( 188 Re-F(ab') 2 -biotin). The reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, weak ligand concentration and stannous chloride concentration were optimized during the radiolabelling of each biomolecule. Before the labelling procedure, disulphide bridge groups of the biomolecules were reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). To obtain 188 Re labelled antibodies and peptides in high radiochemical yields (>90%) via EHDP, it was necessary to use acidic conditions and a high concentration of stannous chloride to allow the redox reaction Re +7 →Re +5 :Re +4 . The labelling of MoAb and F(ab') 2 with 188 Re via EHDP was also evaluated employing a pretargeted technique by avidin-biotin strategy in normal mice, demonstrating that the 188 Re-labelled biotinylated antibodies are stable complexes in vivo. The 188 Re-peptide complex prepared by this method, was stable for 24 h and no radiolytic degradation was observed. (author)

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Wolfram Phthalocyanine For The Target Material Of High Specific Activity Radioisotope Wolfram - 188 (188W)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Setiawan, Duyeh

2000-01-01

The application of 188 Re radioisotope separation on aluminia column through elution solution has increased significantly since the last two decades. The 188 Re radioisotope has been done fram 188 Re beta-decay through a neutron capture radiation on wolfram -186 target. In trhe column separation, high specific activity of 188 W radioisotope is required to get sufficient activity in small quality 188 W radioisotope has been carried out in this research. Wolfram-phthalocyanine compound was prepared by refluxing a mixture of wolfram trioxyde, (WO 3 ) and phthalonitrile, (C 8 H 4 N 2 ) at 250 o C for two hours. The synthesis of wolfram phthalocyanine is 70% purity yield, the product are green crystals, have a 193,0-193,8 o C melting points, and has a molecular formula C 3 2H 1 6 N8 WO 2 . The infra red spectrum of wolfram-phthalocyanine was the absorption band at 964,3 cm - 1 was due to the vibration of W=O bond of the wolfram dioxy-phthalocyanine. The x-ray diffraction of the wolfram dioxy-phthalocyanine was similar with molybdenum dioxy-phthalocyanine compound. This fact showed that the product was wolfram dioxy-phthalocyanine

Lymphangiogram of the pelvic limb in normal dogs with Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tachibana, F.; Nishikawa, T.; Kudo, T.; Otomo, K.; Koike, T.

1982-01-01

Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide (0.2 ml/kg) was injected directly into the lymphatic vessels of the pelvic limbs in 28 healthy adult mongrel dogs. The contrast medium appeared on the roentgenogram in the popliteal, lateral iliac, medial iliac, sacral and lumbar aortic lymph nodes (LN). It was also visible in the iliofemoral, superficial inguinal and cranial mediastinal LN in several dogs. It diffused from the popliteal into the sacral, medial iliac and lateral iliac LN to fill the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct system. The features of the popliteal, lateral iliac and lumbar aortic LN were shown in the lymphangiograms of all the animals. The incidence of the other LN was different. Depending on the incidence of these LN in the lymphangiogram, the pictures of the canine lymphatic system were classified into three types:(1) medial iliac and sacral LN were visible on both sides (16%);(2) one of these LN was not observed (36%);(3) medial iliac and/or sacral lymph node was not observed on both sides (48%). (author)

Neutron activation determination of rhenium in mineral raw materials of complex composition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiryaeva, M.B.; Lyubimova, L.N.; Salmin, Yu.P.; Ryumina, K.N.; Tatarkin, M.A.

1984-01-01

The method of neutron-activation rhenium determination in mineral raw material of complex composition is developed, according to which easily hydrolized elements: scandium, iron, lanthanum, ytterbium, protactinium, hafnium and partially ruthenium and osmium are isolated in the form of hydroxides after smelting of a sample, which has been previously irradiated in nuclear reactor (thermal neutron flux 1.2x10 13 n/cm 2 xs for 22 hr) with sodium peroxide and leaching of the melt by water. To separate Re from other interfering elements extraction of perrhenate-ion by methylethylketone from alkali solution is used. Interfering effect of gold is eliminated by its extraction with TBP 30% solution in toluence or benzene from 1 M HNO 3 . Activity of rhenium preparations, singled out from samples of comparison, is measured, using multichannel γ-spectrometer with Ge(Li)-coaxial detector of high resolution (approximately 2.0-2.2 keV over the line 122 keV 5+ Co). Relative standard deviation in Re content range 5x10 -7 -5x10 -2 % does not exceed 0.3

Production of carrier-free 188Re in the past ten years in Taiwan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bor-Tsung Hsieh; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan; Wan-Yu Lin; Tsai-Yueh Luo; Kai-Yuan Cheng

2007-01-01

Twenty clinical scale alumina-based 188 W/ 188 Re generators and carrier-free 188 Re has been produced at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER-Taiwan) for over ten years. 2845.6 GBq (76.9 Ci) of 188 Re-perrhenate solution has been eluted from generators during the past ten years. We have used the harvesting 188 Re solution for labeling radiopharmaceuticals, such as 188 Re-HEDP, 188 Re-MDP, 188 Re-microsphere, 188 Relipiodol, and 188 Re-sulfur colloid, etc. The average eluting yield of 188 Re is 78.6±5.8% that was investigated at 1115 harvesting times from 20 generators. Each generator can be used more than six months but the Millipore needs to be changed every two months for smooth harvesting and high yield of 188 Re solution. (author)

Preparation of cyclotron-produced {sup 186}Re and comparison with reactor-produced {sup 186}Re and generator-produced {sup 188}Re for the labeling of bombesin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moustapha, Moustapha E. [Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Ehrhardt, Gary J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Smith, Charles J. [Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201 (United States); Szajek, Lawrence P. [Positron Emission Tomography Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1180 (United States); Eckelman, William C. [Positron Emission Tomography Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1180 (United States); Jurisson, Silvia S. [Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States)]. E-mail: jurissons@missouri.edu

2006-01-15

The radioisotopes {sup 186}Re and {sup 188}Re have been extensively investigated for various forms of radiotherapy due to their useful and high-abundance {beta} particle emissions, low-abundance and imageable {gamma}-rays, and chemical resemblance to technetium. In addition, {sup 188}Re is available in no-carrier-added (NCA) form from long lived W-188 generators, whereas {sup 186}Re can be produced in large quantities from reactors, although not in NCA form. However, NCA {sup 186}Re can be produced on a cyclotron by a (p,n) reaction on {sup 186}W. The purpose of this study was to compare labeling of the peptide bombesin with these three forms of rhenium radioisotopes. Cyclotron-produced NCA {sup 186}Re was separated radiochemically from enriched {sup 186}W (96.9%) targets using high-purity methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The resulting {sup 186}Re-MEK was then loaded onto a small alumina column to separate the resulting NCA {sup 186}Re from any remaining {sup 186}W. The experimental levels of impurities associated with {sup 186}Re at the end of the separation process were found to be 5.7x10{sup -6} Ci of {sup 182}Re (0.57%, t {sub 1/2}=12.7 h) and 1.283x10{sup -5} Ci of {sup 182m}Re (1.28%, t {sub 1/2}=2.67 days). The radionuclidic purity of the separated {sup 186}Re was found to be 99.6%, whereas the chemical identity was determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to be perrhenate ({sup 186}ReO{sub 4} {sup -}). Generator-produced {sup 188}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} from a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and CA {sup 186}ReO{sub 4} {sup -} produced from a {sup 185}Re(n,{gamma}){sup 186}Re reaction at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) were used for comparison with the NCA {sup 186}Re in subsequent studies. N{sub 3}S-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH{sub 2} conjugates provide flexibility for designing {sup 186,188}Re-labeled conjugates that retain high in vitro and in vivo specificity targeting of GRP receptor

Cermets based on rhenium and rare earth element oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varfolomeev, M.B.; Velichko, A.V.; Zajtseva, L.L.; Shishkov, N.V.

1977-01-01

The reduction of perrhenates of rare earth elements and of yttrium by hydrogen and the subsequent sintering have yielded cermets based on rhenium and rare earth element oxides inherent in which are more disperse and homogeneous structures than those of the ''molecular'' rare earth element-Tc cermets. The dispersity of cermets increases in the rare earth elements series from La to Lu. The microhardness of the Re phase in cermets is 490 kgf/mm 2 ; the total microhardness of a cermet is substantially higher

Endocavitary treatment of craniopharyngioma cysts by 186-rhenium. Traitement endocavitaire par le rhenium 186 des kystes de craniopharyngiomes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berenger, N.; Lebtahi, R.; Piketty, M.L.; Merienne, L.; Turak, B.; Bok, R.; Askienazy, S. (Hopital Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France)); Munari, C. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 38 - Grenoble (France))

1993-01-01

Forty-three patients with craniopharyngioma cysts were treated by intracystic injection of 186-rhenium. Leakage of colloid isotope into the CSF spaces during the ''test'' or ''therapeutic'' injection was detected by scintigraphic follow-up (15 cases/58 intracystic injections). In fact the physical characteristics of [sup 186]Re are well adapted to the requirements of treatment and, with the gamma emission, also allows early detection of leakage, avoiding irradiation of neighbouring structures. Follow-up studies revealed that craniopharyngioma cysts were effectively treated, with cessation of fluid formation, progressive shrinkage of the cysts leading to total disappearance in 14 cases (10-156 months, mean 52.5) and a considerable decrease in 13 cases (5-53 months, mean 23).

Radiolabeling of rituximab with 188Re and 99mTc using the tricarbonyl technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Carla Roberta; Jeger, Simone; Osso, Joao Alberto; Mueller, Cristina; De Pasquale, Christine; Hohn, Alexander; Waibel, Robert; Schibli, Roger

2011-01-01

(CO) 3 -RTX red 0.5 and 0.5 (24 h pi). Conclusion: Rituximab could be directly and stably labeled with the matched pair 99m Tc/ 188 Re using the IsoLink technology under retention of the biological activity. Labeling kinetics and yields need further improvement for potential routine application in radioimmunodiagnosis and therapy.

Diverse roles of hydrogen in rhenium carbonyl chemistry: hydrides, dihydrogen complexes, and a formyl derivative.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Nan; Xie, Yaoming; King, R Bruce; Schaefer, Henry F

2010-11-04

Rhenium carbonyl hydride chemistry dates back to the 1959 synthesis of HRe(CO)₅ by Hieber and Braun. The binuclear H₂Re₂(CO)₈ was subsequently synthesized as a stable compound with a central Re₂(μ-H)₂ unit analogous to the B₂(μ-H)₂ unit in diborane. The complete series of HRe(CO)(n) (n = 5, 4, 3) and H₂Re₂(CO)(n) (n = 9, 8, 7, 6) derivatives have now been investigated by density functional theory. In contrast to the corresponding manganese derivatives, all of the triplet rhenium structures are found to lie at relatively high energies compared with the corresponding singlet structures consistent with the higher ligand field splitting of rhenium relative to manganese. The lowest energy HRe(CO)₅ structure is the expected octahedral structure. Low-energy structures for HRe(CO)(n) (n = 4, 3) are singlet structures derived from the octahedral HRe(CO)₅ structure by removal of one or two carbonyl groups. For H₂Re₂(CO)₉ a structure HRe₂(CO)₉(μ-H), with one terminal and one bridging hydrogen atom, lies within 3 kcal/mol of the structure Re₂(CO)₉(η²-H₂), similar to that of Re₂(CO)₁₀. For H₂Re₂(CO)(n) (n = 8, 7, 6) the only low-energy structures are doubly bridged singlet Re₂(μ-H)₂(CO)(n) structures. Higher energy dihydrogen complex structures are also found.

Beta Radiation exposure of medical personnel during vascular brachytherapy with Re-188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moka, D.; Baer, F.; Barth, I.; Rimpler, A.

2002-01-01

Intracoronary radiation is currently considered a promising breakthrough approach for preventing restenosis after angioplasty and stenting in patients with severe coronary artery disease. For the therapy of in-stent-restenosis vascular irradiation using balloon catheters filled with liquid radioisotopes provide excellent homogeneity due to the artery stenosis morphology. The radionuclide normally used is a Re-188 solutions (E β ,max=2,12 MeV). To achieve a sufficient dose in the stenosed artery wall (30 Gy in 0.5 mm wall depth) in a tolerable time-scale very high specific activities (>5-10 GBq/ml) of the isotope are necessary. During the preparation of the radioactive solution and the application at the patient very short distances between the source of the radiation and the skin of the doctors for cardiology / nuclear medicine are possible, especially when manipulations at the balloon catheter during the radiation are necessary. In addition, a severe risk of contamination exists. A further problem is that in hospitals often no or insufficient dosimeters for beta radiation are available. Occupational radiation exposure of the personnel was determined at the preparation of the Re-188 solution, the therapy itself and the waste management. The partial body exposure, i. e. the dose of the skin at the hands due to beta radiation, was determined with very sensitive thin-layer thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD). During a preparation, intracoronary radiation and waste management of the Re-188-perrhenate solution using normal radiation shielding first measurements resulted din more than 500 mSv per working day at the fingertips. This extreme high radiation exposure of the personnel were mainly due to direct radiation by touching the evacuated balloon catheter (only residual radionuclides left). to reduced radiation we performed several additional radiation protection measures. The consequent use of plastic shielding of the source, the use of a semiautomatic preparation

Complexes of technetium, rhenium, and rhodium with sexidentate Schiff-base ligands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, G.; Kilcullen, N.

1989-01-01

The monocationic technetium (IV) and rhenium (IV) complexes with the sexidentate Schiff-base ligands tris[2-(2'-hydroxybenzylideneethyl)]amine and its substituted derivatives have been prepared and their electrochemical properties studied. The variable-temperature 90.6 MHz 13 C-{ 1 H} n.m.r. spectrum of the rhodium (III) complex of tris[2-(2-hydroxy-5'-isopropylbenzylideneethyl)-amine] has been observed, indicating fluxionality at temperatures above 218 K. (author)

40 CFR 159.188 - Failure of performance information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Failure of performance information. 159.188 Section 159.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... submitted concerning substantiation of any incident of a pest having developed resistance to any pesticide...

Analysis of the Nuclear Structure of Rhenium-186 Using Neutron-Induced Reactions

Science.gov (United States)

2015-03-26

5 1.5 Methods ... radioisotope power source for use on the battlefield. 1 Re-Os Cosmochronometer. The isotope 187Re has a half-life in its ground state of 4.35⇥ 1010 years [2...187Os in meteorites permits one to date the nucleosynthesis of rhenium and osmium by high neutron flux events such as supernovae. The Re-Os radioactive

Long-term efficiency and safety of trans-catheter uterine artery embolization by lipiodol-pingyingmycin emulsion for uterine fibroids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Du Juan; Zuo Yuewei; Hong Nanhua; Chen Xiaoming; Li Yong

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate the long-term efficiency and safety of trans-catheter uterine artery embolization using lipiodol-pingyingmycin emulsion (LPE-TUAE) for uterine fibroids. Methods: Two hundred and forty-three patients with uterine fibroids were treated by LPE-TUAE. Fourteen of them underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy 3 days to 6 months after LPE-TUAE. The specimens were studied pathologically. Another 229 patients were followed up for 1 to 4 years to observe the long-term outcomes. Results: Menorrhagia became normal or improved markedly in 96.0% (193/201). Lumbago and lower abdominal pain disappeared or relieved markedly in 949% (94/99). Bulk-related symptoms disappeared or lessened markedly in 96.0% (48/50). Ultrasound revealed that the average decreased rate in the largest fibroid volume were 60.7% at 1 year, 63.3% at 2 year, 65.6% at 3 year and 67.4% at 4 year after embolization, and the average decreased rate in the largest uterine volume were 49.6% at 1 year, 54.3% at 2 year, 55.2% at 3 year and 57.1% at 4 year after embolization. Reoccurrence rate of myoma was 10.8% 3-4 year after embolization. No significant difference was found in hormone level between pre- and post-embolization. Pathological studies of specimens showed that lipiodol was only accumulated in fibroids and was not seen in myometrium. Spotty necrosis 2 weeks after embolization and extensive patchy necrosis 3 weeks after embolization were occurred in fibroids. Necrosis was not showed in myometrium. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion: LPE-TUAE possesses a good long-term effectiveness for uterine fibroids, which doesn't cause the damage on ovarian function and normal myometrium or serious complications. (authors)

19 CFR 122.188 - Issuance of temporary Customs access seal.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Issuance of temporary Customs access seal. 122.188 Section 122.188 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Access to Customs Security Areas § 122.188 Issuance of...

Evaluating the potential of {sup 188}Re-SOCTA-trastuzumab as a new radioimmunoagent for breast cancer treatment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luo, T.-Y. [Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: tylo@iner.gov.tw; Tang, I-C.; Wu, Y.-L.; Hsu, K.-L. [Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan (China); Liu, S.-W. [Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan (China); Kung, H.-C. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Tung Nan University, Taipei 222, Taiwan (China); Lai, P.-S. [Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan (China); Lin, W.-J. [Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan (China)

2009-01-15

Introduction: Radioimmunotherapy, which utilizes monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic radioisotopes against antigen-expressing tumor tissues, is an attractive therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a humanized anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody for breast cancer treatment. In this paper, we introduce a new radioimmunoagent, {sup 188}Re-trastuzumab, via a bifunctional ligand, succinimidyl 3,6-diaza-5-oxo-3-[2-((triphenylmethyl)thio)ethyl] -8-[(triphenylmethyl)thio]octanoate (SOCTA), and evaluate its potential to be a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for breast cancer treatment. Methods: Equimolar amounts of SOCTA and trastuzumab were selected to react, and the conjugation ratio of SOCTA-trastuzumab was evaluated by the MALDI-TOF method. The immunoreactivity of SOCTA-trastuzumab was compared with nonconjugated trastuzumab in HER-2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer cell BT-474. Biodistribution experiment and microSPECT/CT images of {sup 188}Re-SOCTA-trastuzumab being administered intravenously to SCID mice bearing xenografted BT-474 breast cancer were investigated to evaluate the tumor-targeting capability. Results: The covalent attachment of SOCTA to trastuzumab (at 1:1 molar ratio) resulted in the averaged conjugation ratio of 0.27{+-}0.06 (n=3). The complex could easily be labeled with {sup 188}Re and achieve 95% radiochemical purity (RCP) after 1 h of reaction at room temperature. The in vitro stability study also revealed that the RCP of {sup 188}Re-SOCTA-trastuzumab was at a value of more than 85% after 48 h of incubation with human serum. The immunoreactivity evaluation showed that SOCTA-trastuzumab and nonconjugated trastuzumab had similar binding capacity (B{sub max}) to HER-2/neu receptor in BT-474 cells. The animal experiments showed that {sup 188}Re-SOCTA-trastuzumab accumulated more intensively in the tumor site as compared to normal tissue. Conclusion: We suggest that {sup 188}Re-SOCTA-trastuzumab could be a potential

188Re labeling and biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles for the tumor targeting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Guiping; Zhang Hui; Wang Yongxian; Zhang Chunfu

2006-01-01

Objective: To prepare 188 Re labeled monoclonal antibody (Herceptin)-coated magnetic nanoparticles for tumor targeting and to study its biodistribution in mice. Methods: Herceptin and histidine were covalently linked to the amine group upon silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified by N-[3-(trimethyoxysilyl)prowl]-ethylenediamine using glutaraldehyde method. The Herceptin-coated magnetic nanoparticles and Herceptin were radiolabeled with 188 Re by a direct labelling method, whereas the histidine-coated magnetic nanoparticles was radiolabeled with 188 Re using fac-[ 188 Re(CO) 3 (H 2 0) 3 ] + as a precursor. The labelling efficiency and immunoreactivity as well as labelling stability were determined. Also, the biodistribution of 188 Re-magnetic and 188 Re-Herceptin-magnetic nanoparticles were observed in mice. Results: Herceptin-coated magnetic nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) with diameter about 60 nm, while histidine-coated magnetic nanoparticles about 30 nm. The labeling efficiency for 188 Re-Herceptin, 188 Re-magnetic nanoparticles and 188 Re-Herceptin-magnetic nanoparticles were all > 90% and had a better stability in vitro. The immunoreactivity of Herceptin linked to magnetic nanoparticles was still high. The biodistribution in mice was shown that 188 Re-magnetic nanoparticles and 188 Re-Herceptin- magnetic nanoparticles had higher radioactivity levels in blood. Magnetic nanoparticles with diameter of 30 or 60 nm had a long half-life in blood stream and were accumulated in liver. Conclusion: The efficiency and stability of labelling Herceptin-coated magnetic nanoparticles and labelling magnetic nanoparticles with 188 Re are suitable for in vivo study in tumor-beating nude mice models. (authors)

Evaluation of 188Re-labeled PEGylated nanoliposome as a radionuclide therapeutic agent in an orthotopic glioma-bearing rat model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huang FYJ

2015-01-01

lifespan of glioma-bearing rats treated with 188Re-liposome was prolonged 10.67% compared to the control group.Conclusion: The radiotherapeutic evaluation by dosimetry and survival studies have demonstrated that passive targeting 188Re-liposome via systemic administration can significantly prolong the lifespan of orthotopic glioma-bearing rats while maintaining reasonable systemic radiation safety. Therefore, 188Re-liposome could be a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Keywords: 188Re, liposome, radionuclide therapy, bioluminescent imaging, glioma

46 CFR 188.05-5 - Specific application noted in text.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... which the text pertains, and in many cases limits the application of the text to vessels contracted for... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Specific application noted in text. 188.05-5 Section 188... GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 188.05-5 Specific application noted in text. (a) At the beginning of the...

Superselective renal artery embolization with lipiodol and absolute alcohol emulsion for renal tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Miao; Li Jiakai; Sun Minglu; Wang Huixian

2008-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the renal arterial embolization with lipidol and absolute alcohol emulsion in the treatment of renal tumors. Methods: The superselective renal arterial embolization by using coaxial-cathaterization with infusion of lipiodol and absolute alcohol (in proportion of 2 :1) emulsion was performed in twenty patients with malignant and benign kidney tumors. 4 weeks later, the renal arteriography was taken routinely and repeated embolization was performed in case of necessary; and follow up was carried out periodically. Results: The imaging findings showed thorough tumor necrosis and feeding vessel abruption in 18 cases after one session of treatment. The volume of tumors decreased more than a half in 13 patients (82.25%, 13/18) associated with a well-distributed lipidol inside the tumors. The second session of treatment was performed in other 2 patients and the clinical symptoms relieved obviously. Conclusions: The superselective renal artery embolization with lipidol and absolute alcohol emulsion can permanently embolize all tumor feeding arteries in capillary vessel level with maximum reservation of renal function, providing definitively efficacy and worthwhile to be recommended widely. (authors)

Rhenium-catalyzed dehydrogenative olefination of C(sp(3))-H bonds with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents.

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Haidong; Wang, Congyang

2015-06-07

A dehydrogenative olefination of C(sp(3))-H bonds is disclosed here, by merging rhenium catalysis with an alanine-derived hypervalent iodine(III) reagent. Thus, cyclic and acyclic ethers, toluene derivatives, cycloalkanes, and nitriles are all successfully alkenylated in a regio- and stereoselective manner.

Dynamic MR imaging of hepatoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamashita, Y.; Yoshimatsu, S.; Sumi, M.; Harada, M.; Takahashi, M.

1993-01-01

The effect of transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization theory (TACE) for hepatoma was evaluated with dynamic MR imaging with Gd-DTPA in 37 patients (44 tumors). TACE was performed using Lipiodol/cis-platinum and gelatin sponge (or microspheres) as an embolic material. All patients were examined with dynamic CT and MR imaging before and after treatment. On conventional spin echo images, changes of signal intensity after treatment varied regardless of presence of Lipiodol. Dynamic MR imaging revealed changes of tumor vascularity before and after treatment. On histologic correlation, areas of persistent tumor enhancement on dynamic MR imaging corresponded to areas of viable tumor cells while areas of nonenhancement corresponded to areas of necrosis. Dynamic MR imaging was superior in contrast resolution and was not influenced by the presence of Lipiodol compared with dynamic CT, and therefore residual viable tumors were better defined by dynamic MR imaging. (orig.)

Treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis with rotational atherectomy followed by radiation therapy with a 188Re-MAG3-filled balloon: six-month clinical and angiographic results of R4 registry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moon, D. H.; Oh, S. J.; Park, S. W.; Hong, M. K.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, J. Z.; Park, S. J.; Lee, H. K.

2000-01-01

Intracoronary β-irradiation after rotational atherectomy may be a reasonable approach to prevent recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study was done to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of β-radiation therapy with a 188 Re-MAG3-filled balloon following rotational atherectomy for ISR. Fifty consecutive patients with diffuse ISR (length >10 mm) in native coronary arteries underwent rotational atherectomy and adjunctive balloon angioplasty followed by β-irradiation using 188 Re-MAG3-filled balloon catheter. The radiation doses was 15 Gy at 1.0 mm deep into vessel wall. Mean length of the lesion and irradiated segment was 25.6±12.7 mm and 37.6±11.2 mm, respectively. The radiation was delivered successfully to all patients, with a mean irradiation time of 20.1±61 7 sec. No adverse event including myocardial infarction, death, or stent thrombosis occurred during the follow-up period (mean 10.3±3.7 mon) and non-target vessel revascularization was needed in one patient. Six-month binary angiographic restenosis rate was 10.4% (2 focal ISR and 3 edge restenosis) and loss index was 0.17±0.31. Irradiation using 188 Re-MAG3-filled balloon following rotational atherectomy for patients with diffuse ISR may improve the clinical and angiographic outcomes. Further prospective randomized trials are warranted to evaluate the synergistic effect of debulking and irradiation in patients with diffuse ISR

The development of new radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Callahan, A.P.; Mirzadeh, S.; Brihaye, C.; Guillaume, M.

1991-01-01

Radioisotope generator systems have traditionally played a central role in nuclear medicine in providing radioisotopes for both research and clinical applications. In this paper, the development of several tungsten-188/rhenium-188 prototype generators which provide rhenium-188 for radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) is discussed. The authors have recently demonstrated that carrier-free iridium-194 can be obtained from the activated carbon system from decay of reactor-produced osmium-194 for potential RAIT applications. Instrumentation advances such as the new generation of high-count-rate (fast) gamma camera systems for first-pass technology require the availability of generator-produced ultra short-lived radioisotopes for radionuclide angiography (RNA). The activated carbon generator is an efficient system to obtain ultra short-lived iridium-191 m from osmium-191 for RNA. In addition, the growing number of PET centers has stimulated research in generators which provide positron-emitting radioisotopes. Copper-62, obtained from the zinc-62 generator, is currently used for PET evaluation of organ perfusion. The availability of the parent radioisotopes, the fabrication and use of these generators, and the practical factors for use of these systems in the radiopharmacy are discussed. 74 refs., 6 figs., 5 tabs

New extraction chromatographic material for rhenium separation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lucanikova, M.; Czech Technical University, Prague; Kucera, J.; Czech Technical University, Prague; Sebesta, F.

2008-01-01

Three types of the extraction chromatographic materials, composed from Aliquat R 336 deposited in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads and prepared by different procedures, were compared for extraction of rhenium. The best properties were exhibited when the solid extractant was prepared by impregnation of the ready-made PAN beads. Solid extractant prepared by direct coagulation of the beads from the suspension of Aliquat R 336 in solution of PAN in nitric acid differs only by lower capacity in dynamic conditions. Material prepared from the PAN solution in dimethylsulfoxide was the worst because Aliquat R 336 was washed out from the beads during coagulation of the polymer and the extraction capacity was low. As it is shown, the first two solid extractants are fully comparable with the commercial TEVA Resin. (author)

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of rhenium (V) complexes with bisbenzoylthiosemicarbazones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gagieva, S.Ch.; Gutnova, N.A.; Tsaloev, A.T.; Khubulov, A.B.; Arutyunyants, A.A.; Galimov, Yu.B.

2003-01-01

Rhenium (V) complexing with mono- and bis-benzoylthiosemicarbazones is studied in dependence on hydrohalic acids concentration changes. It is determined that in media with high concentration of hydrohalic acids (6 mol/l HCl, 7 mol/l HBr) in dependence on reaction conditions stable complexes with bi- and tridentate coordination of thiosemicarbazone are formed. In the case of hydrohalic acid concentration decreasing stable binuclear and oxohydroxycomplexes are formed. Composition and structure of the compounds obtained are determined by the methods of element analysis, IR spectroscopy, conductometry. Thermal investigations of the compounds obtained are done [ru

The process development of laser surface modification of commercially pure titanium (Grade 2) with rhenium

Science.gov (United States)

Kobiela, K.; Smolina, I.; Dziedzic, R.; Szymczyk, P.; Kurzynowski, T.; Chlebus, E.

2016-12-01

The paper presents the results of the process development of laser surface modification of commercially pure titanium with rhenium. The criterion of the successful/optimal process is the repetitive geometry of the surface, characterized by predictable and repetitive chemical composition over its entire surface as well as special mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance). The analysis of surface geometry concluded measurements of laser penetration depth and heat affected zone (HAZ), the width of a single track as well as width of a clad. The diode laser installed on the industrial robot carried out the laser treatment. This solution made possible the continuous supply of powder to the substrate during the process. The aim of an investigation is find out the possibility of improving the tribological characteristics of the surface due to the rhenium alloying. The verification of the surface properties (tribological) concluded geometry measurements, microstructure observation, hardness tests and evaluation of wear resistance.

Study on the pharmacal of 186,188Re-SZ39

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zu Jianhua; Wu Yuanfang; Dong Mo; Li Huiyuan; ZhangYulong

2000-01-01

The stability, immunocompetence and cytotoxicity in tumor as well as tumor inhibiting rate of 186,188 Re-SZ39 are investigated. The results indicate that 186,188 Re-SZ39 is stable in vivo by imaging and the volume of tumor of nude mice reduced obviously. So 186,188 Re-SZ39 has a strong cytotoxicity effect against glioma cells and is of good prospect as immuno-radiotherapeutic agent

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for binder tungstate in 188W/188Re generator system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eni Hartati; Yati B Yuliyati; Duyeh Setiawan

2014-01-01

In this study, the synthesis of hydroxyapatite has been carried out through a process of precipitation of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) based on acid base reaction process that produce crystalline solid and then it will be used for binder tungstate in 188 W/ 188 Re generator system. The purpose of this study were to characterize the results of synthesized hydroxyapatite and to determine the optimum conditions on generator 188 W/ 188 Re performance such as activation of the heating hydroxyapatite, pH of Na 2 WO 4 , reaction temperature, distribution coefficient and the adsorption capacity (adsorption coefficient) of hydroxyapatite. The characterization of synthesized hydroxyapatite was done using FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDAX, while the determination of the optimum condition of each parameters based on distribution coefficient and adsorption capacity hydroxyapatite using spectrophotometric method. The FTIR results of hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) showed the appearance of peaks in the O-H stretching wave number (υ) and 3434.9 cm -1 and 563.8 cm -1 , while the group PO 4 -3 is shown by the P-O bond in (υ) 1033.8 cm -1 . The XRD results indicate that hydroxyapatite had three peaks at 2θ region is 31,875° , 32,205° and 33,080°. Characterization by SEM showed columnar morphology with a particle size of 200 nm. The optimum conditions of each parameter obtained at hydroxyapatite heating temperature 100 °C, Na 2 WO 4 solution pH 3, and the reaction temperature of 60 °C, which gave result on distribution coefficients of 193.74 mL/g and adsorption capacity (adsorption coefficient) of 5.20 mg W/g HAp. (author)

Rhenium-186 direct labelling HIgG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lungu, V.; Mihailescu, G.; Dumitrescu, G.

2001-01-01

The aim of this study is to develop and improve existing radiolabelling techniques of peptides and monoclonal antibodies with 186 Re for achievement of potential agents for cancer targeted radiotherapy. There were selected methods and techniques for the direct labelling of intact HIgG by studding chemical and radiochemical processes of -S-S- bridges prereduction, reduction of 186 ReO 4 - and coupling reaction of rhenium with HIgG. The -S-S- bridges prereduction of HIgG to sulfhydryls was effected using different reducing agents: ascorbic acid, 2,3 dimercaptopropanol, cysteine, active hydrogen. The prereduction reactions are controlled by masic ratios of HIgG/reduction agent, pH, temperature and time of incubation. A pH=4.5 and a 24 hours incubation time are in the advantage of the prereduction yield. The labelling with 186 Re of prereduced HIgG with ascorbic acid or active hydrogen and 37 deg. C incubation in 22 hours releases 92% radiochemical purity. (author)

Lithium in old open clusters - NGC 188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hobbs, L.M.; Pilachowski, C.

1988-01-01

Echelle spectra which include the Li I line at 6707 A are reported for seven main-sequence stars and one subgiant in NGC 188. The Li I line is detected in five of the six dwarfs which are highly probable cluster members. The derived atmospheric Li/H ratios exceed the solar value by factors ranging approximately from 10 to 40, although these apparently closely solarlike stars are about twice as old as the sun. The variation of the lithium abundance with stellar mass along the main sequences of the Pleiades, the Hyades, NGC 752, and NGC 188 are compared. The resulting evolutionary pattern indicates that the lithium fraction in the Galactic gas has shown no appreciable change from Li/H of roughly 10 to the -9th since the birth of NGC 188 about 10 Gyr ago, except that the abundance could have been higher by an uncertain but possibly appreciable factor at the beginning of that epoch. 51 references

Lifetime measurements in shape transition nucleus 188Pt

Science.gov (United States)

Rohilla, Aman; Gupta, C. K.; Singh, R. P.; Muralithar, S.; Chakraborty, S.; Sharma, H. P.; Kumar, A.; Govil, I. M.; Biswas, D. C.; Chamoli, S. K.

2017-04-01

Nuclear level lifetimes of high spin states in yrast and non-yrast bands of 188Pt nucleus have been measured using recoil distance plunger setup present at IUAC, Delhi. In the experiment nuclear states of interest were populated via 174Yb(18O,4 n)188Pt reaction at a beam energy of 79MeV provided by 15 UD Pelletron accelerator. The extracted B(E2\\downarrow) values show an initial rise up to 4+ state and then a nearly constant behavior with spin along yrast band, indicating change of nuclear structure in 188Pt at low spins. The good agreement between experimental and TPSM model B(E2\\downarrow) values up to 4^+ state suggests an increase in axial deformation of the nucleus. The average absolute β2 = 0.20 (3) obtained from measured B(E2\\downarrow) values matches well the values predicted by CHFB and IBM calculations for oblate ( β2 ˜ -0.19) and prolate (β2 ˜ 0.22) shapes. As the lifetime measurements do not yield the sign of β2, no definite conclusion can be drawn on the prolate or oblate collectivity of 188Pt on the basis of present measurements.

Kinetics and mechanism of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to phenylhydroxylamine in rhenium thiocomplexes solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korenyako, G.I.; Belousov, V.M.

1985-01-01

A study was made on kinetics of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to phenylhydroxylamine in dimethylformamide solutions of rhenium thiocomplexes. The mechanism of hydrogenation was suggested. Formation of hydride catalyst complex represents the first stage of the process. Kinetic equation derived on the basis of suggested mechanism corresponds satisfactorily with experimental results. Thermodynamic parameters of separate process stages calculated on the basis of equilibrium constant values testify as well to the benefit of suggested mechanism

46 CFR 188.27-1 - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. 188.27-1 Section... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Lifesaving Appliances and Arrangements § 188.27-1 Lifesaving appliances and arrangements. All lifesaving appliances and arrangements shall be in accordance with the requirements for...

Formamidine sulfinic acid as reducing agent in technetium-99m rhenium sulfide labelling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neves, M; Patricio, L [Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia e Technologia Industrial, Sacavem (Portugal). Dept. de Radioisotopes; Ferronha, H [Laboratorio Nacional de Investigacao Veterinaria, Lisboa (Portugal)

1989-08-01

Labelling kinetic studies, radiochemical characterization and particle size evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc rhenium sulfide colloid using formamidine sulfinic acid as reducing agent are described. Comparison with the same colloid which makes use of Sn-sodium pyrophosphate complex as reducing agent showed higher labelling yields, simplification of labelling procedure and a longer shelf life when formamidine sulfinic acid was used. (author) 15 refs.; 7 figs.

Treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis with rotational atherectomy followed by radiation therapy with a {sup 188}Re-MAG3-filled balloon: six-month clinical and angiographic results of R4 registry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moon, D. H.; Oh, S. J.; Park, S. W.; Hong, M. K.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, J. Z.; Park, S. J.; Lee, H. K. [College of Medicine, Ulsan Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2000-07-01

Intracoronary {beta}-irradiation after rotational atherectomy may be a reasonable approach to prevent recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study was done to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of {beta}-radiation therapy with a {sup 188}Re-MAG3-filled balloon following rotational atherectomy for ISR. Fifty consecutive patients with diffuse ISR (length >10 mm) in native coronary arteries underwent rotational atherectomy and adjunctive balloon angioplasty followed by {beta}-irradiation using {sup 188}Re-MAG3-filled balloon catheter. The radiation doses was 15 Gy at 1.0 mm deep into vessel wall. Mean length of the lesion and irradiated segment was 25.6{+-}12.7 mm and 37.6{+-}11.2 mm, respectively. The radiation was delivered successfully to all patients, with a mean irradiation time of 20.1{+-}61 7 sec. No adverse event including myocardial infarction, death, or stent thrombosis occurred during the follow-up period (mean 10.3{+-}3.7 mon) and non-target vessel revascularization was needed in one patient. Six-month binary angiographic restenosis rate was 10.4% (2 focal ISR and 3 edge restenosis) and loss index was 0.17{+-}0.31. Irradiation using {sup 188}Re-MAG3-filled balloon following rotational atherectomy for patients with diffuse ISR may improve the clinical and angiographic outcomes. Further prospective randomized trials are warranted to evaluate the synergistic effect of debulking and irradiation in patients with diffuse ISR.

Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites

Science.gov (United States)

Becker, H.; Morgan, J.W.; Walker, R.J.; MacPherson, G.J.; Grossman, J.N.

2001-01-01

The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. CAIs with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, CAIs that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk CAIs and CAI splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one CAI indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this CAI is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous CAIs is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of CAIs are consistent with previous models that indicate group II CAIs are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II CAIs relative to other CAIs and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which

The influence of proteasome inhibitor MG132, external radiation and unlabeled antibody on the tumor uptake and biodistribution of 188Re-labeled anti-E6 C1P5 antibody in cervical cancer in mice

Science.gov (United States)

Phaeton, Rébécca; Wang, Xing Guo; Einstein, Mark H.; Goldberg, Gary L.; Casadevall, Arturo; Dadachova, Ekaterina

2009-01-01

Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered a necessary step for the development of cervical cancer and >95% of all cervical cancers have detectable HPV sequences. We have recently demonstrated the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) which targeted viral oncoprotein E6 in treatment of experimental cervical cancer We hypothesized that pre-treatment of tumor cells with various agents which cause cell death and/or elevation of E6 levels would increase the accumulation of radiolabeled antibodies to E6 in cervical tumors. Methods HPV-16 positive CasKi cells were treated in vitro with up to 6 Gy of external radiation, or proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or unlabeled anti-E6 antibody C1P5 and cell death was assessed. Biodistribution of 188Rhenium (188Re)-labeled C1P5 antibody was performed in both control and radiation MG-132 treated CasKi tumor-bearing nude mice. Results . 188Re-C1P5 antibody demonstrated tumor specificity and very low uptake and fast clearance from the major organs. The amount of tumor uptake was enhanced by MG-132 but was unaffected by pre-treatment with radiation. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated an unanticipated effect of unlabeled antibody on the amount of cell death, a finding that was suggested by our previous in vivo studies in CasKi tumor model. Conclusion We demonstrated that pre-treatment of cervical tumors with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and with unlabeled antibody to E6 can serve as a means to generate non-viable cancer cells and to elevate the levels of target oncoproteins in the cells for increasing the accumulation of targeted radiolabeled antibodies in tumors. These results favor further development of RIT of cervical cancers targeting viral antigens. PMID:20127955

Alpha Particle Therapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O’Sullivan, Joe

2013-01-01

Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality among men in western countries. Although nearly 85% of patients present with localised disease, up to 40% will eventually develop metastatic disease during the course of illness. Of men dying from prostate cancer, more than 90% have bone metastases many with no other significant metastatic sites. Symptoms related to bone metastases and skeletal related events (SREs) account for the major cause of morbidity in these patients. Bone-seeking radionuclides have been used in the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases for many years. The first bone seeking radionuclide drug approved by the FDA was Strontium-89. Other agents have also been used including Samarium-153 EDTMP, Rhenium-186 (-188)-HEDP. These radionuclides are all emit shortrange therapeutic beta radiation with bone marrow as the dose limiting toxicity. There is strong clinical trial evidence of benefit for these radionuclides in reducing pain in advanced prostate cancer; however, none of the drugs has been shown to improve survival, albeit none of the clinical trials were powered to detect differences in survival

Study of radiation synovectomy using 188Re-sulfide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Gang; Li Peiyong; Jiang Xufeng; Zhang Liying; Wang Xuefeng; Sun Zhenming; Zhang Huan

2002-01-01

Objective: To study the radiation synovectomy with 188 Re-sulfide. Methods: Thirty cases were divided into 2 groups, the group with hemophilia and the group with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with joint synovitis were injected different doses of 188 Re-sulfide, 222 - 444 MBq intra-articular. MRI was taken before and 3 - 6 months after the radiation synovectomy to evaluate the treatment efficacy, and the symptoms were also evaluated. Results: MRI study showed that after the treatment the synovium became thiner and the edema was reduced in the lesioned joint. The symptoms were improved with the pain relieved and duration of intra-articular hemorrhage reduced. Conclusions: Radiation synovectomy using 188 Re-sulfide has effects on synovitis. It can be used clinically to improve the symptoms of joint synovitis and reduce the duration of intra-articular hemorrhage

Radiation absorbed doses in the event of balloon rupture (BR) during endovascular brachytherapy (EB) using 188Re-perrhenate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angelides, S.; Hetherington, E.; Karolis, C.; Walker, B.; Jackson, T.; Knittel, T.; Friend, C.; Pitney, M.; Jepson, N.; Milross, C.; Lonergan, D.

2000-01-01

Full text: endovascular brachytherapy (EB) using liquid or solid radiation sources, is an effective emerging therapy for coronary artery disease. Liquid sources provide uniform radiation dose to the vessel wall. However the radiation burden in the unlikely event of BR is not insignificant. The aims of this study were to determine i) absorbed dose for various 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals in the event of BR, and ii) effects of thyroid uptake blocking agent, Lugol's iodine (Ll) and/or bladder catheterisation (BC). Dose calculations were based on MIRDOSE 3.1 with dynamic bladder model and MIRD Dose Estimate Report No.8 for 99 Tc m -pertechnetate, which has similar biokinetic properties to 188 Re-perrhenate. Normal renal function and a bladder voiding interval of 4.8h (1 minute with catheter) were assumed. BR was simulated ex-vivo by puncturing a Solaris angioplasty balloon filled with normal saline at 4 atm. LI, MAG3 and DTPA substantially reduces the radiation dose following BR, particularly to the thyroid, and BC reduces the bladder wall dose. Only the contents of the balloon leaked; 0.4 ml of the total volume of 1.8ml. As binding of 188 Re to ligands is cumbersome, we opted to use LI. Twenty five patients with in-stent re-stenosis have been treated using 188 Re-perrhenate (8 GBq/ml), with no BR. Copyright (2000) The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine Inc

Computed tomography after administration of SMANCS-Lipiodol to liver cancers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maki, Shojiro; Konno, Toshimitsu; Iwai, Ken; Uchida, Mitsukuni; Tashiro, Seiki; Miyauchi, Yoshimasa; Maeda, Hiroshi [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine

1984-08-01

Sixty-eight cases of liver cancer, 48 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 20 cases of metastatic liver cancer, were treated by injection of SMANCS-Lipiodol (S-L) via tumor feeding arteries. Abdominal CT was carried out on the 3 rd day, 1 week, 2 and 4 weeks after the administration. These CT images were compared with those before the administration. Both primary and metastatic liver cancers were visualized as high density area due to the selective stay of S-L. Thus, the method became useful as a diagnostic tool; several tumors were newly visualized after the administration. S-L stayed in primary tumors and metastatic tumors. There were three types of the remaining of S-L in metastatic tumors for a long period: Type A, in which S-L remained in entire tumors; Types B, in which it remained primarily in circumference of tumor and Mixed type of A and B. The anticancer effect of S-L paralleled with the extent of the remaining of S-L in tumors, which was classified from Grade 0 to Grade IV. Grade IV means that S-L was recognized in the entire areas of tumors in the every slice of CT, and in the Grade IV tumors size reduced effectively after several months period. The dosage which was necessary to attain Grade IV was 0.08 ml per square centimeters calculated by the largest slice of every tumor. From Grade 0 to III, they need additional administration of S-L until to attain Grade IV in the tumor for the effective tumor regression.

Computed tomography after administration of SMANCS-Lipiodol to liver cancers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maki, Shojiro; Konno, Toshimitsu; Iwai, Ken; Uchida, Mitsukuni; Tashiro, Seiki; Miyauchi, Yoshimasa; Maeda, Hiroshi

1984-01-01

Sixty-eight cases of liver cancer, 48 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 20 cases of metastatic liver cancer, were treated by injection of SMANCS-Lipiodol (S-L) via tumor feeding arteries. Abdominal CT was carried out on the 3 rd day, 1 week, 2 and 4 weeks after the administration. These CT images were compared with those before the administration. Both primary and metastatic liver cancers were visualized as high density area due to the selective stay of S-L. Thus, the method became useful as a diagnostic tool; several tumors were newly visalized after the administration. S-L stayed in primary tumors and metastatic tumors. There were three types of the remaining of S-L in metastatic tumors for a long period: Type A, in which S-L remained in entire tumors; Types B, in which it remained primarily in circumference of tumor and Mixed type of A and B. The anticancer effect of S-L paralleled with the extent of the remaining of S-L in tumors, which was classified from Grade 0 to Grade IV. Grade IV means that S-L was recognized in the entire areas of tumors in the every slice of CT, and in the Grade IV tumors size reduced effectively after several months period. The dosage which was necessary to attain Grade IV was 0.08 ml per square centimeters calculated by the largest slice of every tumor. From Grade 0 to III, they need additional administration of S-L until to attain Grade IV in the tumor for the effective tumor regression. (author)

Thermal decomposition of rhenium (5) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amindzhanov, A.A.; Gagieva, S.Ch.; Kotegov, K.V.

1991-01-01

Processes of thermal decomposition of rhenium (5) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole were studied. Thermolysis products were identified on the basis of data of the element analysis, IR spectra, conductometry and other methods. It is ascertained that at the first stage of thermolysis of hydroxyl-containing monomer complexes removal of water molecules occurs, and at the second one - dimerization process with formation of Re-O-Re group. It is shown that the nature of halide ion practically does not affect the temperature of the start of intensive thermal decomposition of the complexes

The analysis of mechanism of rhenium-coated tools' wear-resistance rising

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Petrosyan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available It is proposed to obtain wear-resistant layers on the hard-alloy materials by thermochemical treatment. In the different field of production – mechanical engineering, metallurgy and military technologies, with machine parts demanding high wearproof and corrosion-proof machinery parts on the surfaces of syntheses of diamonds, with metal surface thermal-diffusion with rhenium, to receive diffusion wearing layers for the first time. A method for thermochemical treatment of hard alloy plates has been investigated, allowing to raise the wear-resistance of cutting and mining tools.

Transcatheter embolization therapy in liver cancer: an update of clinical evidences.

Science.gov (United States)

Wáng, Yì-Xiáng J; De Baere, Thierry; Idée, Jean-Marc; Ballet, Sébastien

2015-04-01

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a form of intra-arterial catheter-based chemotherapy that selectively delivers high doses of cytotoxic drug to the tumor bed combining with the effect of ischemic necrosis induced by arterial embolization. Chemoembolization and radioembolization are at the core of the treatment of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who cannot receive potentially curative therapies such as transplantation, resection or percutaneous ablation. TACE for liver cancer has been proven to be useful in local tumor control, to prevent tumor progression, prolong patients' life and control patient symptoms. Recent evidence showed in patients with single-nodule HCC of 3 cm or smaller without vascular invasion, the 5-year overall survival (OS) with TACE was similar to that with hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation. Although being used for decades, Lipiodol(®) (Lipiodol(®) Ultra Fluid(®), Guerbet, France) remains important as a tumor-seeking and radio-opaque drug delivery vector in interventional oncology. There have been efforts to improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors. Drug-eluting bead (DEB) is a relatively novel drug delivery embolization system which allows for fixed dosing and the ability to release the anticancer agents in a sustained manner. Three DEBs are available, i.e., Tandem(®) (CeloNova Biosciences Inc., USA), DC-Beads(®) (BTG, UK) and HepaSphere(®) (BioSphere Medical, Inc., USA). Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) technique has been developed, and proven to be efficient and safe in advanced liver cancers and those with vascular complications. Two types of radioembolization microspheres are available i.e., SIR-Spheres(®) (Sirtex Medical Limited, Australia) and TheraSphere(®) (BTG, UK). This review describes the basic procedure of TACE, properties and efficacy of some chemoembolization systems and radioembolization agents which are commercially available and/or currently under clinical

Gamma bands in doubly odd rhenium and iridium nuclei

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Balodis M.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Structure of the |K ± 2| bands in doubly-odd nuclei belonging to the transitional deformation region at A∼190 is discussed. Relation of these quasi gamma-bands with the non-axial deformation of the parent two-quasiparticle configurations is studied. Using available experimental information, new tentative |K ± 2| bands are proposed in 188Re, and 192,194Ir nuclei. Coexistence of two-quasiparticle states with different deformation modes is considered in the case of 188Re and 194Ir.

Oxidation of iridium coating on rhenium coated graphite at elevated temperature in stagnated air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Yongle; Bai, Shuxin; Zhang, Hong; Ye, Yicong

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Continuous and dense Ir coatings were prepared on graphite by electrodepostion. • The purification of the as-prepared Ir coating was higher than about 99.98%. • The Ir/Re/C specimen kept integrity without significant failures after oxidation. • The average oxidation rate of the Ir coating was about 0.219 mg/(cm 2 min). • Penetrating holes at gains boundaries resulted in the failure of the Ir coating. - Abstract: Continuous and dense iridium coatings were prepared on the rhenium coated graphite specimens by electrodeposition. The iridium/rhenium coated graphite (Ir/Re/C) specimens were oxidized at elevated temperatures in stagnated air for 3600 s. The purification of the as-prepared Ir coating was higher than about 99.98% with the main impurity elements Si, Al, Fe and Ru. After oxidation, the Ir/Re/C specimens kept integrity without significant failures and the average oxidation rate was about 0.219 mg/(cm 2 min). Pores were found at the grain boundaries and concentrated to penetrating holes with the growth of Ir grains, which resulted in disastrous failures of the Ir coating

Oxidation of iridium coating on rhenium coated graphite at elevated temperature in stagnated air

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Yongle; Bai, Shuxin, E-mail: NUDT_MSE_501@163.com; Zhang, Hong; Ye, Yicong

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Continuous and dense Ir coatings were prepared on graphite by electrodepostion. • The purification of the as-prepared Ir coating was higher than about 99.98%. • The Ir/Re/C specimen kept integrity without significant failures after oxidation. • The average oxidation rate of the Ir coating was about 0.219 mg/(cm{sup 2} min). • Penetrating holes at gains boundaries resulted in the failure of the Ir coating. - Abstract: Continuous and dense iridium coatings were prepared on the rhenium coated graphite specimens by electrodeposition. The iridium/rhenium coated graphite (Ir/Re/C) specimens were oxidized at elevated temperatures in stagnated air for 3600 s. The purification of the as-prepared Ir coating was higher than about 99.98% with the main impurity elements Si, Al, Fe and Ru. After oxidation, the Ir/Re/C specimens kept integrity without significant failures and the average oxidation rate was about 0.219 mg/(cm{sup 2} min). Pores were found at the grain boundaries and concentrated to penetrating holes with the growth of Ir grains, which resulted in disastrous failures of the Ir coating.

High-resolution metallic magnetic calorimeters for β-spectroscopy on 187rhenium and position resolved X-ray spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porst, Jan-Patrick

2011-01-01

This thesis describes the development of metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) for high resolution spectroscopy. MMCs are energy dispersive particle detectors based on the calorimetric principle which are typically operated at temperatures below 100 mK. The detectors make use of a paramagnetic temperature sensor to transform the temperature rise upon the absorption of a particle in the detector into a measurable magnetic flux change in a dc-SQUID. The application of MMCs for neutrino mass measurements and their advantages with respect to other approaches are discussed. In view of this application the development of an MMC optimized for β-endpoint spectroscopy on 187 rhenium is presented. A fully micro-fabricated X-ray detector is characterized and performs close to design values. Furthermore, a new technique to more efficiently couple rhenium absorbers mechanically and thermally to the sensor was developed and successfully tested. By employing a metallic contact, signal rise times faster than 5 μs could be observed with superconducting rhenium absorbers. In addition to the single pixel detectors, an alternative approach of reading out multiple pixels was developed in this work, too. Here, the individual absorbers have a different thermal coupling to only one temperature sensor resulting in a distribution of different pulse shapes. Straightforward position discrimination by means of rise time analysis is demonstrated for a four pixel MMC and a thermal model of the detector is provided. Unprecedented so far, an energy resolution of less than ΔE FWHM <5 eV for 5.9 keV X-rays was achieved across all absorbers. (orig.)

Studies of the structures of rhenium complexes with sulphur-containing amino acids: cysteine and homocysteine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arkowska, A.; Wojciechowski, W.

1979-01-01

Two rhenium compounds have been synthesized: compound 1 with cysteine HS-CH 2 -CH-NH 2 -COOH and compound 2 with homocysteine HS-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH-NH 2 -COOH. On the basis of spectroscopic measurements (IR, far IR, Raman, VIS and UV spectra) and magnetic susceptibility measurements their probable electronic and molecular structures have been determined. (author)

Radiolabeling of rituximab with {sup 188}Re and {sup 99m}Tc using the tricarbonyl technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Carla Roberta [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Jeger, Simone [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Osso, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Mueller, Cristina; De Pasquale, Christine; Hohn, Alexander; Waibel, Robert [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Schibli, Roger, E-mail: roger.schibli@psi.c [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of the ETH, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)

2011-01-15

organs and tissues were similar for both compounds, for example the tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-liver ratios were 0.4 and 0.3 for {sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} and for {sup 188}Re(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} 0.5 and 0.5 (24 h pi). Conclusion: Rituximab could be directly and stably labeled with the matched pair {sup 99m}Tc/{sup 188}Re using the IsoLink technology under retention of the biological activity. Labeling kinetics and yields need further improvement for potential routine application in radioimmunodiagnosis and therapy.

Rhenium (5) and molybdenum (5) complexes with 4',4''(5'')-ditretbutyldibenzo-24-crown-8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashurova, N.Kh.; Yakubov, K.G.; Basitova, S.M.; Tashmukhamedova, A.K.; Sajfullina, N.Zh.

1989-01-01

Rhenium and molybdenum complexes in +5 oxidation degree with 4',4''(5'')-ditretbutyldibenzo-24-crown-8 (L) are synthesized with 75-95 % yield. Composition and structure of compounds produced are investigated using element analysis, conductometry, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry methods. Oxidation degree of complexer metal is determined. It is ascertained that the compound composition corresponds to the MOLX 3 formula, where M-Re, Mo; X-Cl - , Br -

Experimental study of the biological properties of 188Re-Hepama-1 biologic superparamagnetic nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Yanlin; Tan Jiaju; Sun Jing; Wen Guanghua; Wu Xiaolian; Liang Sheng; Xia Jiaoyun

2007-01-01

Objective: To investigate a new biologic-superparamagnetic nanoparticles's characteristics of immunological activity, biological distributing in vivo, targeting and inhibiting tumor effect. Methods: The experimental group 188 Re-Hepama-l-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and control groups, including 188 ReO 4 - , 188 Re-Hepama-1, and 188 Re-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, were set up. The distributions were measured after injection 4 h and 24 h by caudal vein of Kuming mice. The magnetic targeting experiments in vivo were clone with and without magnetic field in liver after injection in New Zealand rabbit. The inhibiting tumor effect on hepatic cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 of the above four 188 Re labeled products were measured by mono nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay method. Results: After injection 4 h and 24 h by vein, the liver taking was highest in group 188 Re-Hepama-l-superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The radiative activity in liver in magnetism zoo was higher than in non magnetism zoo in 188 Re- Hepama-1-superparamagnetic nanoparticles after applying magnetic field in left lobe of liver, and the ratio of in magnetism zoo to non magnetism zoo was 1.87. And the half effective inhibition radioactive concentrations (IC 50 ) in 188 Re-Hepama-l-superparamagnetic nanoparticles was one forth of 188 ReO 4 - . Conclusion: 188 Re- Hepama-l-superparamagnetic nanoparticles showed its fine stability in intro, good immunological activity and significant liver target. (authors)

C-188 cobalt-60 sealed source integrity: source monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Defalco, G.M.; Shah, V.

1995-01-01

The integrity of C-188 cobalt-60 sealed sources used for radiation processing will be a key factor in the continued industrial acceptance and growth of gamma irradiation technology. Given the public's relatively poor understanding of most nuclear topics and the news media's tendency to sensationalize events, it is appropriate for suppliers and users of gamma technology to be vigilant and conservative regarding the application of cobalt-60 sources to industrial purposes. Nordion's recent decision to extend the optional warranty on its C-188 cobalt-60 sealed source from 15 years to 20 years is based on over 30 years of data generated from its on-going SOURCE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. This paper presents an overview of the C-188 SOURCE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. (author)

Poloxamer [corrected] 188 has a deleterious effect on dystrophic skeletal muscle function.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rebecca L Terry

Full Text Available Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD is an X-linked, fatal muscle wasting disease for which there is currently no cure and limited palliative treatments. Poloxomer 188 (P188 is a tri-block copolymer that has been proposed as a potential treatment for cardiomyopathy in DMD patients. Despite the reported beneficial effects of P188 on dystrophic cardiac muscle function, the effects of P188 on dystrophic skeletal muscle function are relatively unknown. Mdx mice were injected intraperitoneally with 460 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg P188 dissolved in saline, or saline alone (control. The effect of single-dose and 2-week daily treatment was assessed using a muscle function test on the Tibialis Anterior (TA muscle in situ in anaesthetised mice. The test comprises a warm up, measurement of the force-frequency relationship and a series of eccentric contractions with a 10% stretch that have previously been shown to cause a drop in maximum force in mdx mice. After 2 weeks of P188 treatment at either 30 or 460 mg/kg/day the drop in maximum force produced following eccentric contractions was significantly greater than that seen in saline treated control mice (P = 0.0001. Two week P188 treatment at either dose did not significantly change the force-frequency relationship or maximum isometric specific force produced by the TA muscle. In conclusion P188 treatment increases susceptibility to contraction-induced injury following eccentric contractions in dystrophic skeletal muscle and hence its suitability as a potential therapeutic for DMD should be reconsidered.

Chalcogenhalide cluster rhenium- and molybdenum complexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fedin, V.P.; Gubin, S.P.; Mishchenko, A.V.; Fedorov, V.E.

1984-01-01

The interaction of rhenium- and molybdenum chalcogenhalides with n-donor ligands (L) is studied. At heating Re 3 X 2 Hal 5 complexes up to 100 deg in DMSO in the L presence obtained are the complexes of the 1-6 composition Re 3 X 2 Hal 5 -x Lx DMSO (X=Se, Hal=Cl, L=Et 3 N(1); X=Se, Hal=Cl, L=Bipy(2); X=Se, Hal=Br, L=Et 3 N(3); X=Se, Hal=Br, L=Bipy(4); X=Te, Hal=Br, L=Et 3 N(5); X=Te, Hal=Br, L=(Me 2 NCH 2 ) 2 (6). In the course of boiling of Mo 3 S 7 Hal 4 with PPh 3 in MeCN the Mo 3 S 7 Hal 4 2PPh 3 complexes (Hal=Cl(7); Br(8)) are obtained. For 1 through 8 complexes the chemical analysis data and IR spectra are given. For 4 and 8 complexes the molecular mass is measured. A possible method of obtaining molecular trinuclear clusters from polymer clusters is discussed

Radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with Re0-188: liquid kit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Carla Roberta; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

2007-01-01

Radioimmunotherapy uses the targeting features of monoclonal antibody to deliver radiation from an attached radionuclide. The radionuclide 188 Re is currently produced from the father nuclide 188 W through a transportable generator system. Because of its easy availability and suitable nuclear properties (E βMAX =2.1 MeV, t 1/2 =16.9 h, E γ =155 keV), this radionuclide is considered an attractive candidate for application as therapeutic agents and could be conveniently utilized for imaging and dosimetric purposes. The objective of this work is the optimization of radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with 188 Re using a liquid formulation. Anti-CD20 was reduced by incubation with 2-ME and purified over a PD-10 column. The number of resulting free SH was assayed with Ellman's reagent. Optimization of radiolabeling was achieved by varying parameters: antibody mass, reducing agent, reaction time and 188 Re volume in the liquid kit. Radiochemical purity of 188 Re-anti-CD20 was evaluated. An average of 12 SH groups per mol in the reductions was found. The best labeling efficiency (> 93%) was achieved in the following conditions: 1 mg anti-CD20; 82.8 mg sodium tartrate; 1 mg SnCl 2 ; 0.25 mg gentisic acid, 1 mL 188 Re and reaction time of 1 hour at room temperature. (author)

Convenient synthesis of bis(alkoxy)rhenium(VII) complexes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Z.; Al-Ajlouni, A.M.; Espenson, J.H. [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

1996-02-28

The study of high-oxidation-state organorhenium compounds has been a field of continuing activity, thanks to the success of methylrhenium trioxide (CH{sub 3}ReO{sub 3} or MTO) in catalytic processes. This catalyst is effective in oxidations, olefin metathesis, the olefination of aldehydes, and the preparation of other compounds with three-membered rings. The syntheses of some rhenium compounds derived form MTO have been reported. Epoxide formation is a key reaction, and it bears directly on these findings reported here. Re(VII) complexes containing a chelated bis(diolate) ligand can be synthesized by refluxing MTO with 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diol. Here, the authors report a more convenient method for this preparation. A different series of related compounds consists of chelated bis(diolates) of the Cp*Re-oxo series, Cp*ReO-(diolate).

High-resolution metallic magnetic calorimeters for {beta}-spectroscopy on {sup 187}rhenium and position resolved X-ray spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Porst, Jan-Patrick

2011-02-01

This thesis describes the development of metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) for high resolution spectroscopy. MMCs are energy dispersive particle detectors based on the calorimetric principle which are typically operated at temperatures below 100 mK. The detectors make use of a paramagnetic temperature sensor to transform the temperature rise upon the absorption of a particle in the detector into a measurable magnetic flux change in a dc-SQUID. The application of MMCs for neutrino mass measurements and their advantages with respect to other approaches are discussed. In view of this application the development of an MMC optimized for {beta}-endpoint spectroscopy on {sup 187}rhenium is presented. A fully micro-fabricated X-ray detector is characterized and performs close to design values. Furthermore, a new technique to more efficiently couple rhenium absorbers mechanically and thermally to the sensor was developed and successfully tested. By employing a metallic contact, signal rise times faster than 5 {mu}s could be observed with superconducting rhenium absorbers. In addition to the single pixel detectors, an alternative approach of reading out multiple pixels was developed in this work, too. Here, the individual absorbers have a different thermal coupling to only one temperature sensor resulting in a distribution of different pulse shapes. Straightforward position discrimination by means of rise time analysis is demonstrated for a four pixel MMC and a thermal model of the detector is provided. Unprecedented so far, an energy resolution of less than {delta}E{sub FWHM}<5 eV for 5.9 keV X-rays was achieved across all absorbers. (orig.)

RHENIUM SOLUBILITY IN BOROSILICATE NUCLEAR WASTE GLASS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROCESSING AND IMMOBILIZATION OF TECHNETIUM-99 (AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION WITH GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AA KRUGER; A GOEL; CP RODRIGUEZ; JS MCCLOY; MJ SCHWEIGER; WW LUKENS; JR, BJ RILEY; D KIM; M LIEZERS; P HRMA

2012-08-13

The immobilization of 99Tc in a suitable host matrix has proved a challenging task for researchers in the nuclear waste community around the world. At the Hanford site in Washington State in the U.S., the total amount of 99Tc in low-activity waste (LAW) is {approx} 1,300 kg and the current strategy is to immobilize the 99Tc in borosilicate glass with vitrification. In this context, the present article reports on the solubility and retention of rhenium, a nonradioactive surrogate for 99Tc, in a LAW sodium borosilicate glass. Due to the radioactive nature of technetium, rhenium was chosen as a simulant because of previously established similarities in ionic radii and other chemical aspects. The glasses containing target Re concentrations varying from 0 to10,000 ppm by mass were synthesized in vacuum-sealed quartz ampoules to minimize the loss of Re by volatilization during melting at 1000 DC. The rhenium was found to be present predominantly as Re7 + in all the glasses as observed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The solubility of Re in borosilicate glasses was determined to be {approx}3,000 ppm (by mass) using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). At higher rhenium concentrations, some additional material was retained in the glasses in the form of alkali perrhenate crystalline inclusions detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Assuming justifiably substantial similarities between Re7 + and Tc 7+ behavior in this glass system, these results implied that the processing and immobilization of 99Tc from radioactive wastes should not be limited by the solubility of 99Tc in borosilicate LAW glasses.

Radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with Re0-188: liquid kit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Carla Roberta; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: carlarobertab@yahoo.com.br; jaosso@ipen.br

2007-07-01

Radioimmunotherapy uses the targeting features of monoclonal antibody to deliver radiation from an attached radionuclide. The radionuclide {sup 188}Re is currently produced from the father nuclide {sup 188}W through a transportable generator system. Because of its easy availability and suitable nuclear properties (E{sub {beta}}{sub MAX} =2.1 MeV, t{sub 1/2}=16.9 h, E{sub {gamma}}=155 keV), this radionuclide is considered an attractive candidate for application as therapeutic agents and could be conveniently utilized for imaging and dosimetric purposes. The objective of this work is the optimization of radiolabeling of anti-CD20 with {sup 188}Re using a liquid formulation. Anti-CD20 was reduced by incubation with 2-ME and purified over a PD-10 column. The number of resulting free SH was assayed with Ellman's reagent. Optimization of radiolabeling was achieved by varying parameters: antibody mass, reducing agent, reaction time and {sup 188}Re volume in the liquid kit. Radiochemical purity of {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 was evaluated. An average of 12 SH groups per mol in the reductions was found. The best labeling efficiency (> 93%) was achieved in the following conditions: 1 mg anti-CD20; 82.8 mg sodium tartrate; 1 mg SnCl{sub 2}; 0.25 mg gentisic acid, 1 mL {sup 188}Re and reaction time of 1 hour at room temperature. (author)

34 CFR 668.188 - Preventing evasion of the consequences of cohort default rates.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Preventing evasion of the consequences of cohort default rates. 668.188 Section 668.188 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education... Two Year Cohort Default Rates § 668.188 Preventing evasion of the consequences of cohort default rates...

Glass microspheres for medical applications

Science.gov (United States)

Conzone, Samuel David

Radioactive dysprosium lithium borate glass microspheres have been developed as biodegradable radiation delivery vehicles for the radiation synovectomy treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Once injected into a diseased joint, the microspheres deliver a potent dose of radiation to the diseased tissue, while a non-uniform chemical reaction converts the glass into an amorphous, porous, hydrated dysprosium phosphate reaction product. The non-radioactive, lithium-borate component is dissolved from the glass (up to 94% weight loss), while the radioactive 165Dy reacts with phosphate anions in the body fluids, and becomes "chemically" trapped in a solid, dysprosium phosphate reaction product that has the same size as the un-reacted glass microsphere. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) chelation therapy can be used to dissolve the dysprosium phosphate reaction product after the radiation delivery has subsided. The dysprosium phosphate reaction product, which formed in vivo in the joint of a Sprague-Dawley rat, was dissolved by EDTA chelation therapy in 100 Gy) of localized beta radiation to a treatment site within the body, followed by complete biodegradability. The non-uniform reaction process is a desirable characteristic for a biodegradable radiation delivery vehicle, but it is also a novel material synthesis technique that can convert a glass to a highly porous materials with widely varying chemical composition by simple, low-temperature, glass/solution reaction. The reaction product formed by nonuniform reaction occupies the same volume as the un-reacted glass, and after drying for 1 h at 300°C, has a specific surface area of ≈200 m2/g, a pore size of ≈30 nm, and a nominal crushing strength of ≈10 MPa. Finally, rhenium glass microspheres, composed of micron-sized, metallic rhenium particles dispersed within a magnesium alumino borate glass matrix were produced by sintering ReO2 powder and glass frit at 1050°C. A 50 mg injection of radioactive rhenium glass

Lifetime measurements in shape transition nucleus {sup 188}Pt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rohilla, Aman; Gupta, C.K.; Chamoli, S.K. [University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, New Delhi (India); Singh, R.P.; Muralithar, S. [Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi (India); Chakraborty, S.; Sharma, H.P. [Banaras Hindu University, Department of Physics, Varanasi (India); Kumar, A.; Govil, I.M. [Panjab University, Department of Physics, Chandigarh (India); Biswas, D.C. [Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Nuclear Physics Division, Trombay, Mumbai (India)

2017-04-15

Nuclear level lifetimes of high spin states in yrast and non-yrast bands of {sup 188}Pt nucleus have been measured using recoil distance plunger setup present at IUAC, Delhi. In the experiment nuclear states of interest were populated via {sup 174}Yb({sup 18}O,4n){sup 188}Pt reaction at a beam energy of 79MeV provided by 15 UD Pelletron accelerator. The extracted B(E2 ↓) values show an initial rise up to 4{sup +} state and then a nearly constant behavior with spin along yrast band, indicating change of nuclear structure in {sup 188}Pt at low spins. The good agreement between experimental and TPSM model B(E2 ↓) values up to 4{sup +} state suggests an increase in axial deformation of the nucleus. The average absolute β{sub 2} = 0.20 (3) obtained from measured B(E2 ↓) values matches well the values predicted by CHFB and IBM calculations for oblate (β{sub 2} ∝ -0.19) and prolate (β{sub 2} ∝ 0.22) shapes. As the lifetime measurements do not yield the sign of β{sub 2}, no definite conclusion can be drawn on the prolate or oblate collectivity of {sup 188}Pt on the basis of present measurements. (orig.)

Rhenium Alloys as Ductile Substrates for Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes.

Science.gov (United States)

Halpern, Jeffrey M; Martin, Heidi B

2014-02-01

Molybdenum-rhenium (Mo/Re) and tungsten-rhenium (W/Re) alloys were investigated as substrates for thin-film, polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes. Traditional, carbide-forming metal substrates adhere strongly to diamond but lose their ductility during exposure to the high-temperature (1000°C) diamond, chemical vapor deposition environment. Boron-doped semi-metallic diamond was selectively deposited for up to 20 hours on one end of Mo/Re (47.5/52.5 wt.%) and W/Re (75/25 wt.%) alloy wires. Conformal diamond films on the alloys displayed grain sizes and Raman signatures similar to films grown on tungsten; in all cases, the morphology and Raman spectra were consistent with well-faceted, microcrystalline diamond with minimal sp 2 carbon content. Cyclic voltammograms of dopamine in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) showed the wide window and low baseline current of high-quality diamond electrodes. In addition, the films showed consistently well-defined, dopamine electrochemical redox activity. The Mo/Re substrate regions that were uncoated but still exposed to the diamond-growth environment remained substantially more flexible than tungsten in a bend-to-fracture rotation test, bending to the test maximum of 90° and not fracturing. The W/Re substrates fractured after a 27° bend, and the tungsten fractured after a 21° bend. Brittle, transgranular cleavage fracture surfaces were observed for tungsten and W/Re. A tension-induced fracture of the Mo/Re after the prior bend test showed a dimple fracture with a visible ductile core. Overall, the Mo/Re and W/Re alloys were suitable substrates for diamond growth. The Mo/Re alloy remained significantly more ductile than traditional tungsten substrates after diamond growth, and thus may be an attractive metal substrate for more ductile, thin-film diamond electrodes.

Analysis of a rhenium-osmium solid-solution spike by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richardson, J.M.; Dickin, A.P.; McNutt, R.H.; McAndrew, J.I.; Beneteau, S.B.

1989-01-01

The rhenium-osmium decay scheme ( 187 Re → 187 Os) offers a unique opportunity to investigate the genesis of, and directly date, ultramafic rock, sulphide and platinum ore deposits. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a viable method for Os isotopic analysis as it provides the high temperatures necessary to ionise Os. The sample can be introduced into the ICP mass spectrometer either by conventional nebulisation or by distillation using an Os ''generator''. Generator-mode analysis is superior to nebulisation because (i) the total number of counts is two orders of magnitude higher for a given sample size and (ii) Os oxidises readily to volatile OsO 4 , which has a boiling-point lower than most Re compounds, so that Os can be efficiently separated from 187 Re. The importance of Os loss during sample preparation was minimised by combining the sample powder with a powdered Re-Os isotopic spike prior to any chemical treatment. The spike is in a nickel sulphide matrix and was made by a thioacetamide co-precipitation of Os, Re and Ni followed by a fire assay. The 190 Os/ 192 Os ratio in this preparation is 51.5 ± 0.9, the 187 Os 188 Os ratio is 0.063 ± 0.006 and the 185 Re/ 187 Re ratio is 17.04 - + 0.41. These values are within the error limits quoted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Techsnabexport, the suppliers of the metallic spikes. Parameters that significantly influence the Os analyses include the oxidising agent and the run temperature. The oxidising agent H 5 IO 6 is preferred to H 2 O 2 or HNO 3 as it has the highest electrode potential, provides a prolonged, consistent reaction and is more stable when stored. Chilling the sample and the H 5 IO 6 , initially retards uncontrolled OsO 4 emission. Heat applied later in the run releases OsO 4 and helps maintain a high count rate. Thus, OsO 4 can be generated in a steady, controllable and reproducible manner. (author)

Feminist music therapy pedagogy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hahna, Nicole; Swantes, Melody

2011-01-01

This study surveyed 188 music therapy educators regarding their views and use of feminist pedagogy and feminist music therapy. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to determine how many music therapy educators used feminist pedagogy and (b) to determine if there was a relationship between......) participatory learning, (b) validation of personal experience/development of confidence, (c) political/social activism, and (d) critical thinking/ open-mindedness. The results revealed that 46% (n = 32) of participants identified as feminist music therapists and 67% (n = 46) of participants identified as using...

Epitaxial growth of rhenium with sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oh, Seongshik [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States) and Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States)]. E-mail: soh@boulder.nist.gov; Hite, Dustin A. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); Cicak, K. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); Osborn, Kevin D. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); Simmonds, Raymond W. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); McDermott, Robert [University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Cooper, Ken B. [University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Steffen, Matthias [University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Martinis, John M. [University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Pappas, David P. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States)

2006-02-21

We have grown epitaxial Rhenium (Re) (0001) films on {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (0001) substrates using sputter deposition in an ultra high vacuum system. We find that better epitaxy is achieved with DC rather than with RF sputtering. With DC sputtering, epitaxy is obtained with the substrate temperatures above 700 deg. C and deposition rates below 0.1 nm/s. The epitaxial Re films are typically composed of terraced hexagonal islands with screw dislocations, and island size gets larger with high temperature post-deposition annealing. The growth starts in a three dimensional mode but transforms into two dimensional mode as the film gets thicker. With a thin ({approx}2 nm) seed layer deposited at room temperature and annealed at a high temperature, the initial three dimensional growth can be suppressed. This results in larger islands when a thick film is grown at 850 deg. C on the seed layer. We also find that when a room temperature deposited Re film is annealed to higher temperatures, epitaxial features start to show up above {approx}600 deg. C, but the film tends to be disordered.

MAG2GABA-biocytin synthesized with new intermediates for radiolabelling 99mTc and 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahn, S.H.; Choi, T.H.; Choi, C.W.; Yang, S.D.; Woo, K.S.; Chung, W.S.; Lim, S.M.

2001-01-01

188 Re from 188 W- 188 Re generator, is recently introduced in therapeutic nuclear medicine and made it possible to use whenever needed. We synthesized MAG 2 GABA-Biocytin (MGB), labelled with 188 Re for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and evaluated biological behavior of 188 Re-MGB. N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of S-benzoyl mercaptoacetyldiglycine (NHS-MAG 2 ) was synthesized first, reacted with aminobutyric acid(GABA) to give MAG 2 GABA and then converted to NHS-MAG 2 GABA and conjugated to biocytin to give the MGB. To label MGB with 188 Re (50mA), ag, 200ml 1M tartrate pH7, 200 l stannous (10mg/mL) and 180MBq perrhenate were mixed and heated for 30min at 100 deg. C. The reactant was purified with C 18 Sep-Pak. HPLC analysis of the 188 Re-MGB performed on reverse phase C 18 column with a gradient. To see the stability, 188 Re-MGB was added to serum at 37 deg. C. Binding capacity of 188 Re-MGB to avidin or streptavidin was determined by size exclusion HPLC system. Biodistribution was studied in ICR normal mice(n=4/group), from 5min to 120min. In Raji cells tumour bearing nude mice(n=3), biotinylated Lym-1(40MEG) injection after 48 h, streptavidin(50MEG) was injected. 24 h later, 188 Re-MGB(0.5MEG) was injected, and biodistribution was observed 2 h later. 188 Re-MGB was obtained with labelling yield 98%. Stability in serum was maintained over 70% until 3 h. Binding capacity of 188 Re-MGB to streptavidin was greater than avidin. In normal mice, 188 Re-MGB was excreted via hepatobiliary pathway,%ID/g of GI tract was 52.1 at 120min. In Raji cells tumour bearing nude mice, liver and colon were higher than those of normal mouse. Tumour uptake at 120min was 0.05%ID/g. 188 Re-MGB was effectively labelled and retained binding activity with streptavidin. 188 Re-MGB may have a role in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. (author)

Alkene-glycol interconversion with technetium and rhenium oxo complexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pearlstein, R.M.; Davison, Alan

1988-01-01

The trioxotechnetium(VII) complexes TcO 3 Cl(AA) (AA = phen, bpy, 5-NO 2 -phen, 3,4,7,8-Me 4 -phen) cleanly oxidize olefins (C 2 R 4 ) in solution at 22 0 C, forming in high yields the corresponding oxotechnetium(V) diolate complexes, TcOCl(OCR 2 CR 2 O)(AA). The complexes have been characterized by 1 H NMR, IR, elemental analysis, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The free diols isolated by hydrolysis of these diolate complexes with HCl were shown by capillary gas chromatography to represent syn addition of the two hydroxyl groups across the double bond. The related rhenium complex, ReOCl(OCH 2 CH 2 O)(phen) undergoes the reverse reaction when thermalized, releasing ethylene and producing ReO 3 Cl(phen). (author)

Probing intruder configurations in $^{186, 188}$Pb using Coulomb excitation

CERN Multimedia

Columb excitation measurements to study the shape coexistence, mixing and quadrupole collectivity of the low-lying levels in neutron-deficient $^{188}$Pb nuclei are proposed with a view to extending similar studies to the $^{186}$Pb midshell nucleus. The HIE-ISOLDE beam of $^{186,188}$Pb nuclei will be delivered to MINIBALL+SPEDE set-up for simultaneous in-beam $\\gamma$-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy. The proposed experiment will allow the sign of the quadrupole deformation parameter to be extracted for the two lowest 2$^{+}$ states in $^{188}$Pb. Moreover, the advent of SPEDE will allow probing of the bandhead 0$^{+}$ states via direct measurements of E0 transitions. Beam development is requested to provide pure and instense $^{186}$Pb beam.

Broad Detection Range Rhenium Diselenide Photodetector Enhanced by (3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane and Triphenylphosphine Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Jo, Seo-Hyeon; Park, Hyung-Youl; Kang, Dong-Ho; Shim, Jaewoo; Jeon, Jaeho; Choi, Seunghyuk; Kim, Minwoo; Park, Yongkook; Lee, Jaehyeong; Song, Young Jae; Lee, Sungjoo; Park, Jin-Hong

2016-08-01

The effects of triphenylphosphine and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on a rhenium diselenide (ReSe2 ) photodetector are systematically studied by comparing with conventional MoS2 devices. This study demonstrates a very high performance ReSe2 photodetector with high photoresponsivity (1.18 × 10(6) A W(-1) ), fast photoswitching speed (rising/decaying time: 58/263 ms), and broad photodetection range (possible above 1064 nm). © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Interaction between lipid monolayers and poloxamer 188: An X-ray reflectivity and diffraction study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wu, G.H.; Majewski, J.; Ege, C.

2005-01-01

The mechanism by which poloxamer 188 (P188) seals a damaged cell membrane is examined using the lipid monolayer as a model system. X-ray reflectivity and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction results show that at low nominal lipid density, P188, by physically occupying the available area and phase ...

EFFICACY of P188 ON LAPINE MENISCUS PRESERVATION FOLLOWING BLUNT TRAUMA

Science.gov (United States)

Coatney, Garrett A.; Abraham, Adam C.; Fischenich, Kristine M.; Button, Keith D.; Haut, Roger C.; Haut Donahue, Tammy L.

2015-01-01

Traumatic injury to the knee leads to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of a single intra-articular injection of a non-ionic surfactant, Poloxamer 188 (P188), in preservation of meniscal tissue following trauma through maintenance of meniscal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and mechanical properties. Flemish Giant rabbits were subjected to a closed knee joint, traumatic compressive impact with the joint constrained to prevent anterior tibial translation. The contralateral limb served as an un-impacted control. Six animals (treated) received an injection of P188 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) post trauma, and another six animals (sham) received a single injection of PBS to the impacted limb. Histological analyses for GAG was determined 6 weeks post trauma, and functional outcomes were assessed using stress relaxation micro-indentation. The impacted limbs of the sham group demonstrated a significant decrease in meniscal GAG coverage compared to non-impacted limbs (p < 0.05). GAG coverage of the impacted P188 treated limbs was not significantly different than contralateral non-impacted limbs in all regions except the medial anterior (p < 0.05). No significant changes were documented in mechanics for either the sham or treated groups compared to their respective control limbs. This suggests that a single intra-articular injection of P188 shows promise in prevention of trauma induced GAG loss. PMID:25846264

Application and evolution of several therapy nuclides labelled antibody in tumour therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Jiaheng; Luo Shunzhong; Wang Guanquan

2004-12-01

Radiolabeled Monoclonal antibody had a lot of merits, such as decreasing the lesion because of the external exposure to normal tissue and the whole body, destroying cancer cells which McAb could not reach, and little ornamentation effect by Antigen. Therefor, it gradually became a kind of guiding therapy method which endowed with practical value. Up to now, the radionuclides which be used for tumour radioimmunotherapy included mostly 131 I, 90 Y, 188 Re, 186 Re, 153 Sm, 211 At, et al. The application and evolution of several therapy nuclides labelled antibody in tumour therapy are in troduced. (authors)

46 CFR 188.10-21 - Compressed gas.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-21 Compressed gas. This term includes any... by the Reid method covered by the American Society for Testing Materials Method of Test for Vapor...

Synthesis, molecular structure and magnetic properties of a rhenium(IV) compound with catechol

Science.gov (United States)

Cuevas, A.; Geis, L.; Pintos, V.; Chiozzone, R.; Sanchíz, J.; Hummert, M.; Schumann, H.; Kremer, C.

2009-03-01

A novel Re(IV) complex containing catechol as ligand has been prepared and characterized. The crystal structure of (HNEt 3)(NBu 4)[ReCl 4(cat)]·H 2cat was determined. The rhenium ion presents a distorted octahedral geometry, being bonded to a bidentate catecholate group and four chloride anions. The magnetic properties of the complex were studied, a /2 D/ (the energy gap between ±3/2 and ±1/2 Kramers doublets) value of 190(10) cm -1. This is the largest /2 D/ value reported for Re(IV) up to now.

Design criteria for rhenium-reduced nickel-based single-crystal alloys. Identification and computer-assisted conversion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goehler, Thomas

2016-01-01

In the present work, design criteria and property models for the creep strength optimization of rhenium-free nickel based single crystal Superalloys are investigated. The study focuses on a typical load condition of 1050 C and 150 MPa, which is representative for flight engine applications. Thereby the key aspect is to link chemical composition, manufacturing processes, microstructure formation and mechanistic understanding of dislocation creep through a computational materials engineering approach. Beside the positive effect of rhenium on solid solution hardening, a second mechanism in which rhenium increases high temperature creep strength is identified. It indirectly stabilizes precipitation hardening by reducing the coarsening kinetics of γ'-rafting. Five 1st and 2nd generation technical Superalloys show a comparable microstructure evolution for up to 2 % plastic elongation, while creep times differ by a factor of five. The application of a microstructure sensitive creep model shows that these coarsening processes can activate γ-cutting and thus lead to an increasing creep rate. Based on these calculations a threshold value of φ γ/γ' > 2,5 at 150 MPa is estimated. This ratio of matrix channel to raft thickness has been proofed for multiple positions by microstructure analysis of interrupted creep tests. The mechanism described previously can be decelerated by the enrichment of the γ-matrix with slow diffusing elements. The same principle also increases the solid solution strength of the γ-matrix. Therefore, the present work delivers an additional mechanistic explanation why creep properties of single phase nickel based alloys can be transferred to two phase technical Superalloys with rafted γ'-structure. Following, the best way to substitute both rhenium fundamental properties, namely a slow diffusion coefficient and a small solubility in g', has been investigated by means of CALPHAD-modeling. Only molybdenum and especially tungsten

The Influence of Cobalt and Rhenium on the Behaviour of MCrAlY Coatings

OpenAIRE

Täck, Ulrike

2009-01-01

Superalloys are widely applied as materials for components in the hot section of gas turbines. As superalloys have a limited oxidation life, the application of a coating is vital. The most commonly applied coatings in stationary gas turbines are MCrAlY coatings. Since the turbine components are exposed to high cyclic thermal stresses, MCrAlY coatings must also show a high thermal fatigue resistance. In this thesis, the effect of Cobalt and Rhenium on microstructure, oxidation and thermal fati...

Expedient multi-step synthesis of organometallic complexes of Tc and Re in high effective specific activity. A new platform for the production of molecular imaging and therapy agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Causey, Patrick W; Besanger, Travis R; Schaffer, Paul; Valliant, John F

2008-09-15

For over thirty years, instant labeling kits which involve no purification steps have been the only method used to prepare (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals for clinical studies. To address the limitations imposed by instant kits, which is hindering the development of molecularly targeted Tc- and Re-based imaging and therapy agents, a new strategy for the rapid multistep synthesis and purification of organometallic technetium-based molecular probes and corresponding rhenium-based therapeutic analogues was developed. Beginning with MO4(-) (M = (99m)Tc, (186/188)Re), the carbonyl precursor [M(CO)3(H2O)3](+) was synthesized in 3 min in quantitative yield in a microwave reactor. A dipicolyl ligand was added and the chelate complex was formed in high yield in 2 min using microwave heating at 150 degrees C. This was followed by a new purification strategy to remove unlabeled ligand which entailed using a copper resin/C18 solid phase extraction protocol giving the desired product in greater than 78% decay corrected yield (dcy). Conversion to the corresponding succinimidyl active ester was achieved following a 5 min microwave irradiation at 120 degrees C and C18 solid phase extraction purification in 60% dcy. A series of amides were prepared subsequently by microwave heating at 120 degrees C for 5 min producing the desired targets in greater than 86% dcy. The reported method represents a move away from traditional instant kits toward more versatile platform synthesis and purification technologies that are better suited for producing modern molecular imaging and therapy agents.

Study of radiation synovectomy using 188Re-sulfide in hemophilic arthritis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, P.Y.; Cheng, G.; Jiang, X.F.; Wang, X.F.; Shen, Z.M.; Zhang, Z.H.

2002-01-01

Purpose: Based on results of previous animal studies, the efficacy of 188 Re-sulfide on radiation synovectomy in hemophilia synovitis.was evaluated. Material and Methods: 188 Re-sulfide suspension was produced by dispersion method. 25 hemophilic patients with 30 synovitic joints including 22 knees and 8 ankles received the radiation synovectomy. The stage of synovitic joint was classified by joint score including the pain, stability and range of motion and MR score. The doses of 188 Re-sulfide injected into knee and ankle were determined as 12mCi and 6mCi respectively, according to the depth and curve and the results of our previous animal study. To exam the distribution of 188 Re-sulfide in vivo after the injection, a whole-body scan was taken 24 and 48 hours later to calculate the retention of 188 Re-sulfide in joint by percentage of join counts in whole body. The follow up was take place at 6-12 months after the synovectomy by joint score, MRI score, synovial structure, the times and interval of hemorrhage of the joints. Results: Few patients complained discomfort after the injection such as hurt of the superficial tissues around the injected point and swelling (2 patients,.8%).The symptoms in this two patients continued up to 3 days and gradually decreased in severity. All patients felt relief of the pain and swelling in joints. 90% joints including 20 knees and 7 ankles did not bleed any more during the 3-month term of follow up, 3 joints from 2 patients with intra-article bleeding had hemorrhage in one month after long distance walk. 16%(5/30) of joints including 4 knees and 1 ankles had recurrent hemorrhage in 12 months after the radiation synovectomy. However, their interval of intra-article bleeding was prolonged MRI showed the thick synovium became thin, villi reduced and the joint edema relieved. The retention of 188 Re-sulfide in administrated joint was more than 95% until 48 hours later. No any sign of radioactive distribution was found in bone marrow

Investigations of labeling insulin-like growth factor-1 analogue with 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Bin; Wu Yiwei; Fan Wo

2007-01-01

Objective: To establish a stable method for labeling insulin-like growth factor-1 analogue (IGF-1A) with 188 Re. Methods: The directly labeling method was adopted. Several labeling conditions were tested, such as the volume of Tween-80, the concentration of SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O, the amount of IGF-1A, and the volume of 188 Re perrhenate. The labeling efficiency was determined from 15 min to 8 h after labeling. The in vitro stability of 188 Re-IGF-1A was analyzed by using human serum or sodium chloride as challenging agent, and the labeling efficiency was determined from 2 to 24 h after added challenging agent. Results: The optimum labeling conditions were 10 μl 0.1% Tween-80, 100 μl SnCl 2 · 2H 2 O (10 mg/ml), 50 μl IGF-1A (2 mg/ml), and 50 μl 188 Re perrhenate, incubated 30 min at room temperature. The labeling efficiency of 188 Re-IGF-1A could reach (94.07 ± 0.32)% and the amount of radiocolloid was (5.50 ± 1.50)%. It was (89.07 ± 0.74)% after incubation for 6 h at room temperature, and was (76.57 ± 9.96)% after incubation for 24 h with human serum. Conclusion: This method of labeling IGF- 1A with 188 Re using SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O is stable and high labeling efficiency can be obtained. (authors)

Absolute Transition Rates in {sup 188}lr

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malmskog, S G; Berg, V

1969-09-15

Half-lives of several excited levels in {sup 188}lr have been measured using an electron-electron delayed coincidence spectrometer. Active {sup 188}Pt sources were prepared from spallation products using the ISOLDE on-line mass separator facility at CERN. The following half-lives were obtained: T{sub 1/2} (54.8 keV level) = (1.93 {+-} 0.10) nsec; T{sub 1/2} (96.7 keV level) = (0.59 {+-} 0.12) nsec; T{sub 1/2} (187.6 keV level) = (0.056 {+-} 0.013) nsec; T{sub 1/2} (195.1 keV level) = (0.051 {+-} 0.010) nsec; T{sub 1/2} (478. 3 keV level) {<=} 0.15 nsec The 54.8 keV transition was found to have an enhanced E2 transition probability indicating a collective character for this transition.

The filamentary nebulae S 188

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosado, M.; Kwitter, K.B.

1982-01-01

The crescent shaped nebula S 188 is identified as a planetary nebula (PN) of Peimbert's Type I on the basis of its observed nebula spectrum. New FP interferometric work allows to determine the systemic motion of this nebula. The derived kinematical distance exceeds Cudworth's distance estimate supporting the idea that Peimbert's Type I PNs have larger ejected masses than typical PNs. A discussion about the origin of its non-spherical shape is also given. (author)

Fate of rhenium in the environment as a chemical analogue of technetium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tagami, Keiko; Uchida, Shigeo

2007-01-01

Concentrations of rhenium, a chemical analogue of Tc, were measured in various environmental samples by ICP-MS to obtain information values on long-lived 99 Tc mobility in the environment. From the results, it was assumed that Re was removed from the rock and soil by water due to weathering and transport to the sea through rivers. The element would be retained in seawater for a long time, i.e., 2 x 10 5 to 7.5 x 10 5 y. The reservoirs of Re in the sea would be seaweeds, and anoxic and suboxic sediments, especially slightly below the water-sediment interface. (author)

Hot rocket plume experiment - Survey and conceptual design. [of rhenium-iridium bipropellants

Science.gov (United States)

Millard, Jerry M.; Luan, Taylor W.; Dowdy, Mack W.

1992-01-01

Attention is given to a space-borne engine plume experiment study to fly an experiment which will both verify and quantify the reduced contamination from advanced rhenium-iridium earth-storable bipropellant rockets (hot rockets) and provide a correlation between high-fidelity, in-space measurements and theoretical plume and surface contamination models. The experiment conceptual design is based on survey results from plume and contamination technologists throughout the U.S. With respect to shuttle use, cursory investigations validate Hitchhiker availability and adaptability, adequate remote manipulator system (RMS) articulation and dynamic capability, acceptable RMS attachment capability, adequate power and telemetry capability, and adequate flight altitude and attitude/orbital capability.

Elementary steps of the catalytic oxidation of CO in a gas phase in the presence of rhenium cations with carbonyl and oxygen ligands: a comparison with heterogeneous catalysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncharov, V.B.; Fialko, E.F.; Shejnin, D.Eh.; Kikhtenko, A.V.

1997-01-01

Reactivity in a gaseous phase o rhenium (Re + ) and rhenium monocarbonyl (ReCO + ) in the reaction of CO oxidation in oxygen-containing reagents (NO, O 2 , H 2 O) is studied through the method of the ionic cyclotron resonance. It is shown that presence of carbonyl ligand essentially influences the ion reactivity. The effective channel of the metal monocarbonyl ions oxidation through molecular oxygen is found. Accounting for this stage makes of possible to explain the low-temperature activity of a number of oxide catalyzer Mo, W in the reaction of CO oxidation by molecular oxygen

Selective enhancement of boron accumulation with boron-entrapped water-in-oil-water emulsion in VX-2 rabbit hepatic cancer model for BNCT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yanagie, Hironobu; Higashi, Shushi; Ikushima, Ichiro

2006-01-01

Tumor cell destruction in boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) is due to the nuclear reaction between 10 B and thermal neutrons. It is necessary for effective BNCT therapy to accumulate 10 B atoms in the tumor cells without affecting adjacent healthy cells. Water-in-oil-water (WOW) emulsion was used as the carrier of anti-cancer agents on arterial injections in clinical cancer treatment. In this study, we prepared 10 BSH entrapped WOW emulsion for selective arterial infusion for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. WOW emulsion was administrated by arterial injections via proper hepatic artery. The anti-tumor activity of the emulsion was compared with 10 BSH-Lipiodol mix emulsion or 10 BSH solutions on VX-2 rabbit hepatic tumor models. The 10 B concentrations in VX-2 tumor on delivery with WOW emulsion was superior to those by conventional lipiodol mix emulsion. Electro-microscopic figures of WOW emulsion delineated the accumulation of fat droplets of WOW emulsion in the tumor site, but there was no accumulation of fat droplets in lipiodol emulsion. These results indicate that 10 B entrapped WOW emulsion is most useful carrier for arterial delivery of boron agents on BNCT to cancer. (author)

46 CFR 188.10-56 - Pilot boarding equipment and point of access.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. 188.10-56... VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definition of Terms Used in This Subchapter § 188.10-56 Pilot boarding equipment and point of access. (a) Pilot boarding equipment means a pilot ladder, accomodation ladder, pilot...

Mass spectrometry of rhenium complexes: a comparative study by using LDI-MS, MALDI-MS, PESI-MS and ESI-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

Petroselli, Gabriela; Mandal, Mridul Kanti; Chen, Lee Chuin; Ruiz, Gustavo T; Wolcan, Ezequiel; Hiraoka, Kenzo; Nonami, Hiroshi; Erra-Balsells, Rosa

2012-03-01

A group of rhenium (I) complexes including in their structure ligands such as CF(3)SO(3)-, CH(3)CO(2)-, CO, 2,2'-bipyridine, dipyridil[3,2-a:2'3'-c]phenazine, naphthalene-2-carboxylate, anthracene-9-carboxylate, pyrene-1-carboxylate and 1,10-phenanthroline have been studied for the first time by mass spectrometry. The probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a technique based on electrospray ionization (ESI) that generates electrospray from the tip of a solid metal needle. In this work, mass spectra for organometallic complexes obtained by PESI were compared with those obtained by classical ESI and high flow rate electrospray ionization assisted by corona discharge (HF-ESI-CD), an ideal method to avoid decomposition of the complexes and to induce their oxidation to yield intact molecular cation radicals in gas state [M](+·) and to produce their reduction yielding the gas species [M](-·). It was found that both techniques showed in general the intact molecular ions of the organometallics studied and provided additional structure characteristic diagnostic fragments. As the rhenium complexes studied in the present work showed strong absorption in the UV-visible region, particularly at 355 nm, laser desorption ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry experiments could be conducted. Although intact molecular ions could be detected in a few cases, LDI mass spectra showed diagnostic fragments for characterization of the complexes structure. Furthermore, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectra were obtained. Nor-harmane, a compound with basic character, was used as matrix, and the intact molecular ions were detected in two examples, in negative ion mode as the [M](-·) species. Results obtained with 2-[(2E)-3-(4-tert-buthylphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene] malononitrile (DCTB) as matrix are also described. LDI experiments provided more information about the rhenium complex structures than did the MALDI ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rhenium(5) and molybdenum(5) complexes with 4',4(5)-divaleryldibenzo-18-crown-6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashurova, N.Kh.; Yakubov, K.G.; Tashmukhamedova, A.K.; Basitova, S.M.

1993-01-01

Methods for synthesizing oxohalide complexes of rhenium and molybdenum with +5 oxidation degree with 4',4 (5) -divaleryldibenzo-18-crown-6 were developed. Content and composition of prepared compounds were investigated by the methods of element analysis, crystal optics, conductometry, IR spectroscopy in the near and far regions, thermogravimetry. Oxidation degree of the complex-forming metal was determined. It was established that composition of the compounds coressponded to the general formula MOLX · H 2 O, where M - Re, Mo; L -4',4 (5) -divaleryldibenzo-18-crown-6; X -Cl - , Br -

Mechanical properties of tungsten following rhenium ion and helium plasma exposure

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C.S. Corr

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Mechanical properties of Tungsten (W samples irradiated with 2 MeV Rhenium (Re ions and helium (He plasma were investigated using nanoindentation. It was found that there was an increase in hardness for all samples following separate irradiation with both Re ion and He plasma. A slight increase in hardness was obtained for combined exposures. A comparable increase in hardness was observed for a pure He plasma with a sample temperature of 473 K and 1273 K. Optical interferometry was employed to compare surface modification of the samples. Grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering confirmed He nano-bubble formation of approximately 1 nm diameter in the higher temperature sample, which was not observed with samples at the lower temperatures.

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of [{sup 188}Re(N)(cys{approx})(PNP)]{sup +/0} mixed-ligand complexes as prototypes for the development of {sup 188}Re(N)-based target-specific radiopharmaceuticals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thieme, Stefan [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510 119, 01314 Dresden (Germany); Agostini, Stefania [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova (Italy); Bergmann, Ralf; Pietzsch, Jens; Pietzsch, Hans-Juergen [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510 119, 01314 Dresden (Germany); Carta, Davide; Salvarese, Nicola [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova (Italy); Refosco, Fiorenzo [ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (Italy); Bolzati, Cristina, E-mail: bolzati@icis.cnr.i [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova (Italy); ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (Italy)

2011-04-15

We report on an efficient procedure for the preparation of [{sup 188}Re(N)(PNP)]-based complexes (where PNP is diphosphinoamine) useful in the development of target-specific radiopharmaceuticals. The radiochemical yield of the compounds was optimized considering such reaction parameters as nature of the nitrido nitrogen donor, reaction times and pH level. The chemical identity of the {sup 188}Re agents was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography comparison with the corresponding well-characterized cold Re compounds. {sup 188}Re(N) mixed compounds have been evaluated with regard to stability toward transchelation with GSH and degradation by serum enzymes. The clearance of selected radiocompounds from normal tissues and their in vivo stability were evaluated in rats by biodistribution and imaging studies. [{sup 188}Re(N)(cys{approx})(PNP)]{sup +/0} mixed-ligand compounds were efficiently prepared in aqueous solution from perrhenate using a multistep procedure based on the preliminary formation of the labile {sup 188}Re{sup III}-EDTA species, which easily undergo oxidation/ligand exchange reaction to afford the [{sup 188}Re{sup V{identical_to}}N]{sup 2+} core in the presence of dithiocarbazate. The final mixed-ligand compounds were obtained, at 100{sup o}C, by adding the two bidentate ligands to the buffered [{sup 188}Re{sup V{identical_to}}N]{sup 2+} solution (pH 3.2-3.6). However, a relatively high amount of cys{approx} ligand was required to obtain a quantitative radiochemical yield. The complexes were stable toward reoxidation to perrhenate and ligand exchange reactions. In vivo studies showed rapid distribution and elimination of the complexes from the body. No specific uptakes in sensitive tissues/organs were detected. A positive correlation of the distribution of the complexes estimated with biodistribution studies (%ID) and with micro-SPECT semiquantification imaging analysis (standard uptake values) was observed. These results support the

Mechanism investigation for poloxamer 188 raw material variation in cell culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Haofan; Ali, Amr; Lanan, Maureen; Hughes, Erik; Wiltberger, Kelly; Guan, Bing; Prajapati, Shashi; Hu, Weiwei

2016-05-01

Variability in poloxamer 188 (P188) raw material, which is routinely used in cell culture media to protect cells from hydrodynamic forces, plays an important role in the process performance. Even though tremendous efforts have been spent to understand the mechanism of poloxamer's protection, the root cause for lot-to-lot variation was not clear. A recent study reported that the low performance was not due to toxicity but inefficiency to protect cells (Peng et al., Biotechnol Prog. 2014;30:1411-1418). In this study, it was demonstrated for the first time that the addition of other surfactants even at a very low level can interfere with P188 resulting in a loss of efficiency. It was also found that the performance of P188 lots correlated well with its foam stability. Foam generated from low performing lots in baffled shaker flask lasts longer, which suggests that the components in the foam layers are different. The spiking of foam generated from a low performing lot into the media containing a high performance lot resulted in cell damage and low growth. Analytical studies using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) identified differences in high molecular weight (HMW) species present in the P188 lots. These differences are much clearer when comparing the HMW region of the SEC chromatogram of foam vs. bulk liquid samples. This study shows that low performing lots have enriched HMW species in foam samples due to high hydrophobicity, which can be potentially used as a screening assay. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:767-775, 2016. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Rhenium Dichalcogenides: Layered Semiconductors with Two Vertical Orientations.

Science.gov (United States)

Hart, Lewis; Dale, Sara; Hoye, Sarah; Webb, James L; Wolverson, Daniel

2016-02-10

The rhenium and technetium diselenides and disulfides are van der Waals layered semiconductors in some respects similar to more well-known transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) such as molybdenum sulfide. However, their symmetry is lower, consisting only of an inversion center, so that turning a layer upside-down (that is, applying a C2 rotation about an in-plane axis) is not a symmetry operation, but reverses the sign of the angle between the two nonequivalent in-plane crystallographic axes. A given layer thus can be placed on a substrate in two symmetrically nonequivalent (but energetically similar) ways. This has consequences for the exploitation of the anisotropic properties of these materials in TMD heterostructures and is expected to lead to a new source of domain structure in large-area layer growth. We produced few-layer ReS2 and ReSe2 samples with controlled "up" or "down" orientations by micromechanical cleavage and we show how polarized Raman microscopy can be used to distinguish these two orientations, thus establishing Raman as an essential tool for the characterization of large-area layers.

Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Solid Solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lech, Andrew T; Turner, Christopher L; Lei, Jialin; Mohammadi, Reza; Tolbert, Sarah H; Kaner, Richard B

2016-11-02

Rhenium diboride (ReB 2 ), containing corrugated layers of covalently bonded boron, is a superhard metallic compound with a microhardness reaching as high as 40.5 GPa (under an applied load of 0.49 N). Tungsten diboride (WB 2 ), which takes a structural hybrid between that of ReB 2 and AlB 2 , where half of the boron layers are planar (as in AlB 2 ) and half are corrugated (as in ReB 2 ), has been shown not to be superhard. Here, we demonstrate that the ReB 2 -type structure can be maintained for solid solutions of tungsten in ReB 2 with tungsten content up to a surprisingly large limit of nearly 50 atom %. The lattice parameters for the solid solutions linearly increase along both the a- and c-axes with increasing tungsten content, as evaluated by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction. From micro- and nanoindentation hardness testing, all of the compositions within the range of 0-48 atom % W are superhard, and the bulk modulus of the 48 atom % solid solution is nearly identical to that of pure ReB 2 . These results further indicate that ReB 2 -structured compounds are superhard, as has been predicted from first-principles calculations, and may warrant further studies into additional solid solutions or ternary compounds taking this structure type.

Development of a radiochemical neutron activation analysis procedure for determination of rhenium in biological and environmental samples at ultratrace level

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kučera, Jan; Byrne, A. R.; Mizera, Jiří; Lučaníková, M.; Řanda, Zdeněk

2006-01-01

Roč. 269, č. 2 (2006), s. 251-257 ISSN 0236-5731 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA203/04/0943 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10480505 Keywords : radiochemical neutron activation analysis * rhenium * biological and environmental samples Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation Impact factor: 0.509, year: 2006

Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to CO using Rhenium Bipyridine Platforms Containing Ancillary Phenyl or BODIPY Moieties

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, Gabriel A.; Pistner, Allen J.; Yap, Glenn P.A.; Lutterman, Daniel A.; Rosenthal, Joel

2013-01-01

Harnessing of solar energy to drive the reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels requires the development of efficient catalysts that absorb sunlight. In this work, we detail the synthesis, electrochemistry and photophysical properties of a set of homologous fac-ReI(CO)3 complexes containing either an ancillary phenyl (8) or BODIPY (12) substituent. These studies demonstrate that both the electronic properties of the rhenium center and BODIPY chromophore are maintained for these complexes. Photolysis studies demonstrate that both assemblies 8 and 12 are competent catalysts for the photochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in DMF using triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reductant. Both compounds 8 and 12 display TOFs for photocatalytic CO production upon irradiation with light (λex ≥ 400 nm) of ~5 hr−1 with TON values of approximately 20. Although structural and photophysical measurements demonstrate that electronic coupling between the BODIPY and fac-ReI(CO)3 units is limited for complex 12, this work clearly shows that the photoactive BODIPY moiety is tolerated during catalysis and does not interfere with the observed photochemistry. When taken together, these results provide a clear roadmap for the development of advanced rhenium bipyridine complexes bearing ancillary BODIPY groups for the efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using visible light. PMID:24015374

In vivo examination of {sup 188}Re(I)-tricarbonyl-labeled trastuzumab to target HER2-overexpressing breast cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, K.-T. [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Lee, T.-W. [Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan 32546, Taiwan (China); Lo, Jem-Mau [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: jmlo@mx.nthu.edu.tw

2009-05-15

Introduction: Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the HER2 protein, acts as an immunotherapeutic agent for HER2-overexpressing human breast cancers. Radiolabeled trastuzumab with {beta}- or {alpha} emitters can be used as radioimmunotherapeutic agent for the similar purpose but with additional radiation effect. Methods: In this study, trastuzumab was labeled with {sup 188}Re for radioimmunotherapy of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. {sup 188}Re(I)-tricarbonyl ion, [{sup 188}Re(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}(CO){sub 3}]{sup +}, was employed as a precursor for directly labeling the monoclonal antibody with {sup 188}Re. The immunoreactivity of {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab was estimated by competition receptor-binding assay using HER2/neu-overexpressive BT-474 human breast cancer cells. The localization properties of {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab within both tumor and normal tissues of athymic mice bearing BT-474 human breast cancer xenografts (HER2/neu-overexpressive) and similar mice bearing MCF-7 human breast cancer xenografts (HER2/neu-low expressive) were investigated. Results: When incubated with human serum albumin and histidine at 25{sup o}C, {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab was found to be stable within 24 h. The IC{sub 50} of {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab was found to be 22.63{+-}4.57 nM. {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab was shown to accumulate specifically in BT-474 tumor tissue in in vivo biodistribution studies. By microSPECT/CT, the image of {sup 188}Re localized BT-474 tumor was clearly visualized within 24 h. In contrast, {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab uptake in HER2-low-expressing MCF-7 tumor was minimal, and the {sup 188}Re image at the localization of the tumor was dim. Conclusion: These results reveal that {sup 188}Re(I)-trastuzumab could be an appropriate radioimmunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HER2/neu-overexpressing cancers.

Nuclear spin of 185Au and hyperfine structure of 188Au

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekstroem, C.; Ingelman, S.; Wannberg, G.

1977-03-01

The nuclear spin of 185 Au, I = 5/2, and the hyperfine separation of 188 Au, Δγ = +- 2992(30) MHz, have been measured with the atomic-beam magnetic resonance method. The spin of 185 Au indicates a deformed nuclear shape in the ground state. The small magnetic moment of 188 Au is close in value to those of the heavier I = 1 gold isotopes 190 192 194 Au, being located in a typical transition region. (Auth.)

188Re-Labeled Nimotuzumab in the Locoregional Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montana, R. Leyva; Barrabi, M. Zamora; Casaco, A.; Torres, L.; Perera, A.; Lopez, G.

2009-01-01

A new formulation of 188 Re-Nimotuzumab was developed to evaluate the biodistribution, internal radiation dosimetry and safety in the locoregional treatment of malignant gliomas. A phase I clinical trial was performed to evaluate the toxicity and clinical effect of an intracavitary administration of single dose of Nimotuzumab labeled with 188 Re. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against epidermal growth factor receptors. Nine patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme were intended to be treated with 3 mg of mAb labeled with 10 or 15 mCi of 188 Re. The radioimmunoconjugated showed a high retention in the surgical created resection cavity and the brain adjacent tissues with a mean value of 85.5% of the injected dose one hour post- administration. No patient developed human anti-mouse antibody response. This radioimmunoconjugate may be relatively safe and a promising therapeutic approach for treating high grade gliomas. (author)

Rhenium and technetium complexes with phenylbis(2-pyridyl)phosphine and tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saucedo A, S. A. [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares, Calle Cipres No. 10, Fracc. La Penuela, 98068 Zacatecas (Mexico); Hagenbach, A.; Abram, U., E-mail: ssaucedo@uaz.edu.m [Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, D-14195, Berlin (Germany)

2010-10-15

Reactions of common technetium and rhenium precursors with 2-pyridyl phosphines produce novel, air stable tricarbonyl and oxo complexes. (NEt{sub 4}){sub 2}[Re(CO){sub 3}Br{sub 3}] or (NEt{sub 4}){sub 2}[Tc(CO){sub 3}Cl{sub 3}] react with phenylbis(2-pyridyl)phosphine (PPhpy{sub 2}) or tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine (Ppy{sub 3}) under formation of neutral tricarbonyl complexes of the composition [M(CO){sub 3}X(L)] (M = Re, X = Br; M = Tc, X = Cl, L = PPhpy{sub 2} or Ppy{sub 3}), where the ligands coordinate only with two for their nitrogen atoms. Removal of the bromo ligands from (NEt{sub 4}){sub 2}[Re(CO){sub 3}(Br){sub 3}] with AgNO{sub 3}, to force a tripodal coordination, and the subsequent reaction with the Ppy{sub 3} results in the formation of the complex [Re(CO){sub 3}(NO{sub 3})(Ppy{sub 3}{sup -}N,N{sup '})] with a monodentate coordinated nitrato ligand. (NBu{sub 4})[ReOCl{sub 4}] reacts with PPhpy{sub 2} to give the asymmetric, oxo-bridged rhenium (V) dimer (NBu{sub 4})[Re{sub 2}O{sub 2}Cl{sub 5}({mu}-PPhpy{sub 2}{sup -}P,N,N,N{sup '})({mu}-O)], while a similar reaction with (ReOCl{sub 3}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}] in boiling Thf results in reduction of the metal and gives (ReCl{sub 3}(OPPhpy{sub 2})(PPh{sub 3})]. The products have been characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analyses. (Author)

Chronic Dosing with Membrane Sealant Poloxamer 188 NF Improves Respiratory Dysfunction in Dystrophic Mdx and Mdx/Utrophin-/- Mice.

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Bruce E Markham

Full Text Available Poloxamer 188 NF (national formulary (NF grade of P-188 improves cardiac muscle function in the mdx mouse and golden retriever muscular dystrophy models. However in vivo effects on skeletal muscle have not been reported. We postulated that P-188 NF might protect diaphragm muscle membranes from contraction-induced injury in mdx and mdx/utrophin-/- (dko muscular dystrophy models. In the first study 7-month old mdx mice were treated for 22 weeks with subcutaneous (s.c. injections of saline or P-188 NF at 3 mg/Kg. In the second, dkos were treated with saline or P-188 NF (1 mg/Kg for 8 weeks beginning at age 3 weeks. Prednisone was the positive control in both studies. Respiratory function was monitored using unrestrained whole body plethysmography. P-188 NF treatment affected several respiratory parameters including tidal volume/BW and minute volume/BW in mdx mice. In the more severe dko model, P-188 NF (1 mg/Kg significantly slowed the decline in multiple respiratory parameters compared with saline-treated dko mice. Prednisone's effects were similar to those seen with P-188 NF. Diaphragms from P-188 NF or prednisone treated mdx and dko mice showed signs of muscle fiber protection including less centralized nuclei, less variation in fiber size, greater fiber density, and exhibited a decreased amount of collagen deposition. P-188 NF at 3 mg/Kg s.c. also improved parameters of systolic and diastolic function in mdx mouse hearts. These results suggest that P-188 NF may be useful in treating respiratory and cardiac dysfunction, the leading causes of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.

Click-to-Chelate: Development of Technetium and Rhenium-Tricarbonyl Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals

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Thomas L. Mindt

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The Click-to-Chelate approach is a highly efficient strategy for the radiolabeling of molecules of medicinal interest with technetium and rhenium-tricarbonyl cores. Reaction of azide-functionalized molecules with alkyne prochelators by the Cu(I-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC; click reaction enables the simultaneous synthesis and conjugation of tridentate chelating systems for the stable complexation of the radiometals. In many cases, the functionalization of (biomolecules with the ligand system and radiolabeling can be achieved by convenient one-pot procedures. Since its first report in 2006, Click-to-Chelate has been applied to the development of numerous novel radiotracers with promising potential for translation into the clinic. This review summarizes the use of the Click-to-Chelate approach in radiopharmaceutical sciences and provides a perspective for future applications.

Improved conditions for labeling EDTMP with 188Re for bone pain palliation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faintuch, B.L.; Osso, J.A. Jr.; Muramoto, E.; Faintuch, S.

2002-01-01

Introduction: Ethilenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) is a tetraphosphonate ligand which, when labeled with 188 Re, can be used for relief of metastatic bone pain. The preferential localization of phosphonate complexes in bone is attributed to their affinity for calcium, and tetraphosphonates may be equal or superior to diphosphonates in this regard. In the present study, it was aimed to determine optimal conditions for preparation of a kit of EDTMP to be labeled with 188 Re. Methods: EDTMP was dissolved in NaOH 1N, and alkalinity was reversed with HCl till pH 2, when SnCl 2 . 2H 2 0 and also ascorbic acid were introduced in the mixture, followed by Na 188 ReO 4 . The preparation was incubated in water bath for 30 minutes and after cooling radiochemical purity was assessed. Optimization of the process consisted in varying the values of EDTMP mass (20, 30, 40 mg) SnCl 2 .2H 2 0 concentration (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/mL), and reaction time (15 and 30 minutes). Radiochemical purity and stability were ascertained in vitro and also in Swiss mice. Bone/muscle uptake ratio was calculated from %ID/g of these organs. Results: The best 188 Re-EDTMP complex was obtained with 40 mg of the ligand and 2 mg/mL of stannous chloride heated during 15 minutes, and the product was radiochemically stable during 24 hours. Kidney and bone uptake were very significant (respectively 4.5 ± 0.5% and 3.1 ± 0.3 %ID/g). Bone/muscle ratio observed four hours post-injection was also very adequate (28.5). Conclusions: A stable and biologically useful complex of 188 Re-EDTMP can be prepared with high concentration of EDTMP and considerable uptake by bone. It compares favorably with 153 Sm-EDTMP, as 188 Re has more advantageous radioisotopic properties than 153 Sm, and it can be recommended for further studies in conditions of painful bone metastases

microRNA-188 is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and inhibits proliferation and invasion by targeting SIX1.

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Wang, Lili; Liu, Hongchen

2016-03-01

microRNA-188 expression is downregulated in several tumors. However, its function and mechanism in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains obscure. The present study aims to identify the expression pattern, biological roles, and potential mechanism by which miR-188 dysregulation is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Significant downregulation of miR-188 was observed in OSCC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. In vitro, gain-of-function, loss-of-function experiments were performed to examine the impact of miR-188 on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Transfection of miR-188 mimics suppressed Detroit 562 cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion, with downregulation of cyclin D1, MMP9, and p-ERK. Transfection of miR-188 inhibitor in FaDu cell line with high endogenous expression exhibited the opposite effects. Using fluorescence reporter assays, we confirmed that SIX1 was a direct target of miR-188 in OSCC cells. Transfection of miR-188 mimics downregulated SIX1 expression. SIX1 siRNA treatment abrogated miR-188 inhibitor-induced cyclin D1 and MMP9 upregulation. In addition, we found that SIX1 was overexpressed in 32 of 80 OSCC tissues. In conclusion, this study indicates that miR-188 downregulation might be associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. miR-188 suppresses proliferation and invasion by targeting SIX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Catalytic transformation of functionalized carboxylic acids using multifunctional rhenium complexes.

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Naruto, Masayuki; Agrawal, Santosh; Toda, Katsuaki; Saito, Susumu

2017-06-13

Carboxylic acids (CAs) are one of the most ubiquitous and important chemical feedstocks available from biorenewable resources, CO 2 , and the petrochemical industry. Unfortunately, chemoselective catalytic transformations of CH n CO 2 H (n = 1-3) groups into other functionalities remain a significant challenge. Herein, we report rhenium V complexes as extremely effective precatalysts for this purpose. Compared to previously reported heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts derived from high- or low-valent metals, the present method involves a α-C-H bond functionalization, a hydrogenation, and a hydrogenolysis, which affords functionalized alcohols with a wide substrate scope and high chemoselectivity under relatively mild reaction conditions. The results represent an important step toward a paradigm shift from 'low-valent' to 'high-valent' metal complexes by exploring a new portfolio of selective functional group transformations of highly oxygenated organic substrates, as well as toward the exploitation of CAs as a valuable biorenewable feedstock.

Solid-state thermolysis of a fac-rhenium(I) carbonyl complex with a redox non-innocent pincer ligand.

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Jurca, Titel; Chen, Wen-Ching; Michel, Sheila; Korobkov, Ilia; Ong, Tiow-Gan; Richeson, Darrin S

2013-03-25

The development of rhenium(I) chemistry has been restricted by the limited structural and electronic variability of the common pseudo-octahedral products fac-[ReX(CO)3L2] (L2 = α-diimine). We address this constraint by first preparing the bidentate bis(imino)pyridine complexes [(2,6-{2,6-Me2C6H3N=CPh}2C5H3N)Re(CO)3X] (X = Cl 2, Br 3), which were characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic means, and then converting these species into tridentate pincer ligand compounds, [(2,6-{2,6-Me2C6H3N=CPh}2C5H3N)Re(CO)2X] (X = Cl 4, Br 5). This transformation was performed in the solid-state by controlled heating of 2 or 3 above 200 °C in a tube furnace under a flow of nitrogen gas, giving excellent yields (≥95 %). Compounds 4 and 5 define a new coordination environment for rhenium(I) carbonyl chemistry where the metal center is supported by a planar, tridentate pincer-coordinated bis(imino)pyridine ligand. The basic photophysical features of these compounds show significant elaboration in both number and intensity of the d-π* transitions observed in the UV/Vis spec tra relative to the bidentate starting materials, and these spectra were analyzed using time-dependent DFT computations. The redox nature of the bis(imino)pyridine ligand in compounds 2 and 4 was examined by electrochemical analysis, which showed two ligand reduction events and demonstrated that the ligand reduction shifts to a more positive potential when going from bidentate 2 to tridentate 4 (+160 mV for the first reduction step and +90 mV for the second). These observations indicate an increase in electrostatic stabilization of the reduced ligand in the tridentate conformation. Elaboration on this synthetic methodology documented its generality through the preparation of the pseudo-octahedral rhenium(I) triflate complex [(2,6-{2,6-Me2C6H3N=CPh}2C5H3N)Re(CO)2OTf] (7, 93 % yield). Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Rhenium and technetium: application of organometallic rhenium and technetium complexes in radiopharmacy. Evaluation of optimal anchor groups

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alberto, R.; Schibli, R.; Egli, A.; Schaffland, A.; Rattat, D.; Mueller, J.; Iftimia, M.; Berke, H.; Kaden, T.A.; Abram, U.

1997-01-01

The coordinative properties of the '[fac-M(CO) 3 ] + ' moiety (M= 188 Re, Re, 99 Tc and 99m Tc) have been investigated in water and organic solvents in order to evaluate the anchor group attached to antibodies, small peptides and biologically active molecules. The preparation of [M(OH 2 ) 3 (CO) 3 ] + has been improved in a way that this complex can be prepared from a Kit formulation. The '[fac-M(CO) 3 ] + ' has been transformed to the '[fac-M(NO)(CO) 2 ] 2+ ' moiety to achieve higher direct labelling yields and faster incorporation kinetics. (author) 5 figs

Country report: Cuba. Local Production of 90Y And 188Re Radionuclides and Development of Radiopharmaceuticals for Therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiques, Abmel; Hernández, Ignacio; Leyva, René; Pérez, Marylaine; Alonso, Luis Michel; Zamora, Minelys

2010-01-01

During the first period of this CRP we could test an efficient and reliable generator system based on ion-chromatography to obtain 90 Y from its parent radionuclide 90 Sr. This production scheme for 90 Y was outlined in the previous CRP related with the development of generator technologies. Quality parameters such as trace metals that can potentially interfere in the labeling of biomoléculas, 90 Y recovery, 90 Sr/ 90 Y ratio and radiation dose to bed matrix were evaluated. The results showed that high recovery and radionuclidic purity could be obtained for 90 Y during its repeated separation from the 90 Sr cow. No replacement or treatment of the cow were necessary and low waste generation and 90 Sr losses less that 0.1% after each run were also observed during the present study. A Fab’ fragment was enzimatically produced and purified from the monoclonal antibody h-R3 (Nimotuzumab®). The fragment and the parent antibody were successfully conjugated with DOTA and labeled with 90 Y. The radioinmunoconjugate thus obtained also exhibited a good 24 h in-vitro stability in an excess of DTPA. A 90 Y radiocoloid was prepared in a cromic phosphate particle for radiosynoviorthesis with promising results in animal models. Two alumina based 188 W/ 188 Re generators were prepared and their eluates were used in the labeling of hR3-DOTA conjugates. Quality control and in vivo evaluation in comparison with 99m Tc-hR3 showed very good results and similar pattern of distribution and pharmacokinetic and will be used in clinical trials for cancer patients. (author)

Experimental determination of the hydrothermal solubility of ReS2 and the Re–ReO2 buffer assemblage and transport of rhenium under supercritical conditions

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Wood Scott A

2002-01-01

Full Text Available To understand the aqueous species important for transport of rhenium under supercritical conditions, we conducted a series of solubility experiments on the Re–ReO2 buffer assemblage and ReS2. In these experiments, pH was buffered by the K–feldspar–muscovite–quartz assemblage; in sulfur-free systems was buffered by the Re–ReO2 assemblage; and and in sulfur-containing systems were buffered by the magnetite–pyrite–pyrrhotite assemblage. Our experimental studies indicate that the species ReCl40 is dominant at 400°C in slightly acidic to near-neutral, and chloride-rich (total chloride concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 M environments, and ReCl3+ may predominate at 500°C in a solution with total chloride concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 M. The results also demonstrate that the solubility of ReS2 is about two orders of magnitude less than that of ReO2. This finding not only suggests that ReS2 (or a ReS2 component in molybdenite is the solubility-controlling phase in sulfur-containing, reducing environments but also implies that a mixing process involving an oxidized, rhenium-containing solution and a solution with reduced sulfur is one of the most effective mechanisms for deposition of rhenium. In analogy with Re, TcS2 may be the stable Tc-bearing phase in deep geological repositories of radioactive wastes.

Tracing oxidative weathering from the Andes to the lowland Amazon Basin using dissoved rhenium

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Dellinger, M.; Hilton, R. G.; West, A. J.; Torres, M.; Burton, K. W.; Clark, K. E.; Baronas, J. J.

2016-12-01

Over long timescales (>105 yrs), the abundance of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is determined by the balance of the major carbon sources and sinks. Among the major carbon sources, the oxidation of organic carbon contained within sedimentary rocks ("petrogenic" carbon, or OCpetro) is thought to result in CO2 emission of similar magnitude to that released by volcanism. Rhenium (Re) has been proposed as a proxy for tracing OCpetro oxidation. Here we investigate the source, behavior and flux of dissolved and particulate rhenium (Re) in the Madre de Dios watershed (a major Andean tributary of the Amazon River) and the lowlands, aiming to characterize the behavior of Re in river water and quantify the flux of CO2 released by OCpetro oxidation. Measured Re concentrations in Andean rivers range from 0.07 to 1.55 ppt. In the Andes, Re concentration do not change significantly with water discharge, whereas in the lowlands, Re concentration decrease at high water discharge. Mass balance calculation show that more than 70% of the dissolved Re is sourced from the oxidation of OCpetro the Andes-floodplain system. We calculate dissolved Re flux over a hydrological year to estimate the rates of oxidative weathering, and the associated CO2 release from OCpetro. Rates are high in the Andean headwaters, consistent with estimates from other mountain rivers with similar rates of physical erosion. We find evidence that a significant amount of additional oxidation (Re flux) happens during floodplain transport. These results have important implications for improving our understanding of the source and processes controlling Re in rivers, and allowing us to quantify long-term OCpetro cycling in large river basins.

Effect of rhenium and osmium on mechanical properties of a 9Cr-2W-0.25V-0.07Ta-0.1C steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klueh, R.L.; Alexander, D.J.; Sokolov, M.A.

2000-01-01

The nuclear transmutation of tungsten to rhenium and osmium in a tungsten-containing steel irradiated in a fission or fusion reactor will change the chemical composition of the steel. To determine the possible consequences of such compositional changes on the mechanical properties, tensile and Charpy impact properties were measured on five 9Cr-2W-0.25V-0.07Ta-0.1C steels that contained different amounts of rhenium, osmium, and tungsten. The mechanical properties changes caused by these changes in composition were minor. Observations were also made on the effect of carbon concentration. The effect of carbon on tensile behavior was minor, but there was a large effect on Charpy properties. Several of the steels showed little effect of tempering temperature on the Charpy transition temperature, a behavior that was tentatively attributed to the low silicon and/or manganese concentration of the experimental steels

Absorption behavior of technetium and rhenium through plant roots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tagami, K.; Uchida, S.

2004-01-01

The absorption behavior of technetium (Tc) and rhenium (Re) through plant roots was studied using nutrient solution culture. Radish samples, grown in culture solutions for 20-30 days in a green house, were transferred into plastic vessels containing nutrient solutions contaminated with multi-tracer solutions including Tc-95m and Re-183. The plant samples were grown individually for 1-7 days under laboratory conditions. The activities of radionuclides in nutrient solutions and oven-dried plant parts (roots, fleshy roots and leaves) were measured with Ge detecting systems. The concentrations of Tc-95m and Re-183 in the nutrient solutions after harvesting the plants were almost the same as those in the initial solution. Possibly, the radionuclides were taken up with water through plant roots. The distributions of Tc and Re in the plants showed no differences, thus, soluble Tc and Re absorption by plant samples were the same. It is suggested that Re could be used as a geochemical tracer of Tc in the soil environment. (author)

A tungsten-rhenium interatomic potential for point defect studies

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Setyawan, Wahyu; Gao, Ning; Kurtz, Richard J.

2018-05-01

A tungsten-rhenium (W-Re) classical interatomic potential is developed within the embedded atom method interaction framework. A force-matching method is employed to fit the potential to ab initio forces, energies, and stresses. Simulated annealing is combined with the conjugate gradient technique to search for an optimum potential from over 1000 initial trial sets. The potential is designed for studying point defects in W-Re systems. It gives good predictions of the formation energies of Re defects in W and the binding energies of W self-interstitial clusters with Re. The potential is further evaluated for describing the formation energy of structures in the σ and χ intermetallic phases. The predicted convex-hulls of formation energy are in excellent agreement with ab initio data. In pure Re, the potential can reproduce the formation energies of vacancies and self-interstitial defects sufficiently accurately and gives the correct ground state self-interstitial configuration. Furthermore, by including liquid structures in the fit, the potential yields a Re melting temperature (3130 K) that is close to the experimental value (3459 K).

Intracoronary Poloxamer 188 Prevents Reperfusion Injury in a Porcine Model of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

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Jason A. Bartos, MD, PhD

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Poloxamer 188 (P188 is a nonionic triblock copolymer believed to prevent cellular injury after ischemia and reperfusion. This study compared intracoronary (IC infusion of P188 immediately after reperfusion with delayed infusion through a peripheral intravenous catheter in a porcine model of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI. STEMI was induced in 55 pigs using 45 min of endovascular coronary artery occlusion. Pigs were then randomized to 4 groups: control, immediate IC P188, delayed peripheral P188, and polyethylene glycol infusion. Heart tissue was collected after 4 h of reperfusion. Assessment of mitochondrial function or infarct size was performed. Mitochondrial yield improved significantly with IC P188 treatment compared with control animals (0.25% vs. 0.13%, suggesting improved mitochondrial morphology and survival. Mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention were also significantly improved with immediate IC P188 compared with control animals (complex I respiratory control index: 7.4 vs. 3.7; calcium retention: 1,152 nmol vs. 386 nmol. This benefit was only observed with activation of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, suggesting a specific effect from ischemia and reperfusion on this complex. Infarct size and serum troponin I were significantly reduced by immediate IC P188 infusion (infarct size: 13.9% vs. 41.1%; troponin I: 19.2 μg/l vs. 77.4 μg/l. Delayed P188 and polyethylene glycol infusion did not provide a significant benefit. These results demonstrate that intracoronary infusion of P188 immediately upon reperfusion significantly reduces cellular and mitochondrial injury after ischemia and reperfusion in this clinically relevant porcine model of STEMI. The timing and route of delivery were critical to achieve the benefit.

Preliminary study of metabolic radiotherapy with 188Re via small animal imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antoccia, A.; Baldazzi, G.; Bello, M.

2006-01-01

188 Re is a β - (Emax=2.12 MeV) and γ (155 keV) emitter. Since its chemistry is similar to that of the largely employed tracer, 99m Tc, molecules of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been labelled with 188 Re to produce a target specific radiopharmaceutical. The radiolabeled compound, i.v. injected in healthy mice, is able to accumulate into the liver after a few minutes. To study the effect of metabolic radiotherapy in mice, we have built a small gamma camera based on a matrix of YAP:Ce crystals, with 0.6x0.6x10 mm 3 pixels, read out by a R2486 Hamamatsu PSPMT. A high-sensitivity 20 mm thick lead parallel-hole collimator, with hole diameter 1.5 mm and septa of 0.18 mm, is placed in front of the YAP matrix. Preliminary results obtained with various phantoms containing a solution of 188 Re and with C57 black mice injected with the 188 Re-HA solution are presented. To increase the space resolution and to obtain two orthogonal projections simultaneously we are building in parallel two new cameras to be positioned at 90 degrees. They use a CsI(Tl) matrix with 1x1x5 mm 3 pixels read out by H8500 Hamamatsu Flat panel PMT

Myeloablative radioimmunotherapy with {sup 188}Re-CD66mAb before stem cell transplantation. No increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-{alpha}; Myeloablative Radioimmuntherapie mit {sup 188}Re-CD66mAb vor Stammzelltransplantation. Kein Anstieg proinflammatorischer Zytokinspiegel von TNF-{alpha}

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Mutschler, J.; Reske, S.N. [Universitaetsklinik Ulm (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Steinbach, G. [Universitaetsklinik Ulm (Germany). Abt. Klinische Chemie; Bunjes, D. [Universitaetsklinik Ulm (Germany). Medizinische Klinik III; Buchmann, I. [Universitaetsklinik Heidelberg (Germany). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin

2009-07-01

Tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} (TNF-{alpha}) serum levels may increase due to intensive conditioning regimes with high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) before stem cell transplantation. This increases the risk for developing acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) after stem cell transplantation. In this prospective study we investigated the influence of radioimmunotherapy with {sup 188}Re-CD-66-mAb on changes on TNF-{alpha} serum levels. Patients, methods: In 18 patients we measured TNF-{alpha} before and up to 96 hours after radioimmunotherapy, in 2 patients in addition following TBI, in 9 patients also following chemotherapy. For measuring TNF-{alpha} we used an automated immunochemiluminescence assay (Immulite 1000 DPC Biermann, Bad Nauheim). The mean follow up period to record incidence of aGVHD was 100 days after stem cell transplantation. Compared to the basal levels before, the levels of TNF-{alpha} after conditioning with {sup 188}Re-CD-66-mAb did not increase significantly and remained in the physiological range. In contrast, these initial physiological cytokine levels increased and became pathological following 48 h after total body irradiation (13.2 {+-} 6.6 pg/ml) and chemotherapy (10.8 {+-} 15.7 pg/ml). In our study we found a low incidence of aGvHD (22.2%, n = 4/18). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that additional conditioning therapy with {sup 188}Re-CD-66-mAb does not increase proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-{alpha}. This finding may indicate that additive radioimmunotherapy may not be a significant factor for increasing the rate of conditioning- associated aGvHD. (orig.)

Dosimetry and microdosimetry of 188 Re-anti-CD20 and 131 I-anti-CD20 for the treatment of No Hodgkin lymphomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torres G, E.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare 131 I-anti-CD20 and 188 Re-anti-CD20 and to estimate the radiation absorbed dose at macro- and micro- level during a NHL treatment. The work was divided in 4 general objectives: 1) preparation of 131 I-anti-CD20 and 188 Re-anti-CD20, 2) application in patients to obtain biokinetic parameters and estimate the organ absorbed doses 3) estimation of the cellular dosimetry using the MIRD methodology and the MCNP4C2 code and 4) estimation of the cellular microdosimetry using the NOREC code. 188 Re-anti-CD20 was prepared by a direct labelling method using sodium tartrate as a weak ligand. To evaluate the biological recognition a comparative study of the in vitro binding of 188 Re-anti-CD20, 125 I-anti-CD20 (positive control) and 188 Re-anti-CEA (negative control) to normal B Iymphocytes was performed. Biodistribution studies in normal mice were accomplished to assess the in vivo Re-anti-CD20 complex stability. The binding of ' Re-anti-CD20 to cells was in the same range as '251-anti-CD20 (>80%) considered as the positive control. 188 Re-anti-CD20 and '3'1-anti-CD20 prepared were administered in patients diagnosed with B cell NHL at the Centro Medico Siglo XXI (IMSS). The protocol was approved by the hospital's Medical Ethics Committee. AJI patients signed a consent form after receiving detailed information on the aims of the study. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM software to calculate the radiation absorbed dose to organs and whole body. Dosimetric studies indicate that after administration of 6.4 GBq and 4.87 to 8.75 GBq of '3'1-anti-CD20 and 188 Re-anti-CD20 respectively, the absorbed dose to total body would be 0.75 Gy which corresponds to the recommended dose for NHL therapies. The calculated organ absorbed doses indicate that 188 Re-anti-CD20 may be used in radioimmunotherapy without the risk of toxicity to red marrow or healthy organs. The absorbed dose (D) into cellular nucleus was calculated by two

TACE: therapy of the HCC before liver transplantation - experiences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herber, S.; Schneider, J.; Brecher, B.; Thelen, M.; Pitton, M.B.; Hoehler, T.; Otto, G.

2005-01-01

Purpose: Analysis of the course of disease in patients with histologically proven HCC before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (LTx) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Material and Methods: Thirty-five of a total collective of 363 patients with histologically proven HCC underwent LTx. Before LTx, all patients were treated with sequential TACE. According to treatment pattern, TACE should be performed every 6 weeks, using a suspension consisting of max. 10 mg Mitomycin C as well as 10-30 ml iodized oil (Lipiodol). Patients were classified according to the Milano criteria. Criteria were called exceeded if the tumor size was >5 cm and/or >3 tumors larger than 3 cm were found. Therapy success and liver function were examined by means of spiral CT and laboratory controls. Investigation parameters included the number of tumor knots as well as the maximum tumor size. Additionally, the Lipiodol accumulation, the patency of the portal vein and the occurrence of complications were checked. Results: Altogether, 184 TACE procedures were accomplished (5.3+/-3.3, range 1-14). The waiting period up to the transplantation amounted to 366+/-255 days (range 44-1137). The average number of tumor knots for each patient was 3.1+/-2.2 before and 2.9+/-2.2 after TACE (p=0.887). The average tumor size was 4.2+/-2.5 before and 2.8+/-1.4 after TACE. The Milano criteria to LTx crossed 17/35 patients. Patients with exceeded Milan criteria showed a highly significant size reduction of the tumor after TACE (p=0.001); in 9/17 cases the transplantation criteria were secondarily fulfilled through downstaging. A successful LTx was accomplished in 35/35 cases. Follow up after LTx was 769+/-509 days. The tumor recurrence in patients with exceeded vs. fulfilled transplantation criteria was 11.1% vs. 11.8% (p=0.99). The recurrence free survival was 93.3%, 82.5% and 82.5% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. There were no relevant differences between patients with exceeded vs

Selective and persistent deposition and gradual drainage of iodized oil, Lipiodol in the hepatocellular carcinoma after injection into the feeding hepatic artery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okayasu, I.; Hatakeyama, S.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshimatsu, S.; Tsuruta, K.; Miyamoto, H.; Kimula, Y.

1988-01-01

The selective and long-term deposition of iodized oil in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its gradual drainage were clinicopathologically analyzed in 13 cases. All patients were Japanese and had an intrahepatic arterial injection of Lipiodol (LIP) mixed with Mitomycin C. The comparison among the follow-up computerized tomography (CT) findings, the observation of the soft x-ray radiogram, and histopathologic studies of the surgical or autopsy materials revealed that the selective deposition of LIP in HCC lasted for a long term, particularly in cases treated by LIP combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Also revealed was an extremely gradual decrease of LIP from the HCC. It was thus postulated that, mainly, the accumulated macrophages surrounding LIP around the necrotic cancer tissue and, partially, the intrahepatic lymphatic system itself contributed to this drainage. Further, in histologic sections with lipid staining, x-ray microanalysis proved that the lipid droplets in the cancer tissue included highly concentrated iodine, as a deposition of LIP

Quadrupole moments of the 12+ isomers in 188Hg and 190Hg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dracoulis, G.D.; Lonnroth, T.; Vajda, S.; Dafni, E.; Schatz, G.

1984-01-01

The electric quadrupole interaction of the 12 + isomers in 188 Hg and 190 Hg has been measured in solid Hg. The quadrupole moments deduced, vertical strokeQ[ 188 Hg(12 + )]vertical stroke = 91(11) e fm 2 and vertical strokeQ[ 190 Hg(12 + )]vertical stroke = 117(14) e fm 2 suggest a possible change in γ-deformation due to the rotation alignment of the isub(13/2) quasi-neutrons. The temperature dependence of the electric field gradient tensor in Hg was also determined. (orig.)

Rhenium(V) and technetium(V) complexes of bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine (PO22-) and (o-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine (PO-) ligands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo, Hongyan; Setyawati, Ika; Rettig, S.J.; Orvig, C.

1995-01-01

The synthesis of several phosphine-based chelating compounds and chelates formed between these compounds and rhenium or technetium is discussed. Four categories of products result, (i) bis-(o-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylphosphine (PO) complexes, (ii) mono- (PO) complexes, (iii) bis-bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylphosphine (PO 2 ) complexes, and mixed-(PO) and (PO 2 ) complexes. Molecular structures of these compounds (including isomers) were probed by NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopies and by X-ray crystallography

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Rhenium(I) Photosensitizers [Re(Cl)(CO)3(N,N)] and [Re(imidazole)(CO)3(N,N)]+: Diimine Effects

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nahhas, A. E.; Consani, C.; Blanco-Rodríguez, A. M.; Lancaster, K. M.; Braem, O.; Cannizzo, A.; Towrie, M.; Clark, I. P.; Záliš, Stanislav; Chergui, M.; Vlček, Antonín

2011-01-01

Roč. 50, č. 7 (2011), s. 2932-2943 ISSN 0020-1669 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) ME10124; GA MŠk(CZ) LD11082 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : rhenium * photosynthesis * diimine effects Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 4.601, year: 2011

Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a thiophene-functionalized bis(pyrazolyl) pyridine (BPP) tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complex.

Science.gov (United States)

Lytwak, Lauren A; Stanley, Julie M; Mejía, Michelle L; Holliday, Bradley J

2010-09-07

A bromo tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complex with a thiophene-functionalized bis(pyrazolyl) pyridine ligand (L), ReBr(L)(CO)(3) (1), has been synthesized and characterized by variable temperature and COSY 2-D (1)H NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and photophysical methods. Complex 1 is highly luminescent in both solution and solid-state, consistent with phosphorescence from an emissive (3)MLCT excited state with an additional contribution from a LC (3)(pi-->pi*) transition. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of the title ligand is also reported.

Evaluation of a new component used for isotopic lymphography: colloidal rhenium sulfide sup(99m)Tc labelled

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pecking, A.; Le Mercier, N.; Gobin, R.; Bardy, A.; Najean, Y.

1978-01-01

We have studied for lymphatic scintigraphy a new radiopharmaceutical, sup(99m)Tc-labelled rhenium sulfocolloid. This preliminary study includes 20 adults patients with lymphomas and lymphoedemas. The principal advantage of this drug is its absence of toxicity and local pain, so that a rapid sub-cutaneous injection without local anesthesia is made possible. Good results have been obtained, as well in morphological studies of para-aortic and mammary lymph nodes as for kinetic studies of lymphatic flow in lymphoedemas. No liver and spleen uptake of radio-isotope was observed after foot injection [fr

Polymer Photovoltaic Cells with Rhenium Oxide as Anode Interlayer.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Jinyu; Bai, Dongdong; Yang, Liying

2015-01-01

The effect of a new transition metal oxide, rhenium oxide (ReO3), on the performance of polymer solar cells based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend as buffer layer was investigated. The effect of the thickness of ReO3 layer on electrical characteristics of the polymer solar cells was studied. It is found that insertion of ReO3 interfacial layer results in the decreased performance for P3HT: PCBM based solar cells. In order to further explore the mechanism of the decreasing of the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to investigate the ReO3 oxidation states. Kelvin Probe method showed that the work function of the ReO3 is estimated to be 5.13eV after thermal evaporation. The results indicated the fact that a portion of ReO3 decomposed during thermal evaporation process, resulting in the formation of a buffer layer with a lower work function. As a consequence, a higher energy barrier was generated between the ITO and the active layer.

Dosimetry and microdosimetry of {sup 188} Re-anti-CD20 and {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 for the treatment of No Hodgkin lymphomas; Dosimetria y microdosimetria del {sup 188} Re-anti-CD20 y {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 para el tratamiento de linfomas No Hodgkin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres G, E

2007-07-01

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare {sup 131}I-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 and to estimate the radiation absorbed dose at macro- and micro- level during a NHL treatment. The work was divided in 4 general objectives: 1) preparation of {sup 131}I-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20, 2) application in patients to obtain biokinetic parameters and estimate the organ absorbed doses 3) estimation of the cellular dosimetry using the MIRD methodology and the MCNP4C2 code and 4) estimation of the cellular microdosimetry using the NOREC code. {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 was prepared by a direct labelling method using sodium tartrate as a weak ligand. To evaluate the biological recognition a comparative study of the in vitro binding of {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20, {sup 125}I-anti-CD20 (positive control) and {sup 188}Re-anti-CEA (negative control) to normal B Iymphocytes was performed. Biodistribution studies in normal mice were accomplished to assess the in vivo Re-anti-CD20 complex stability. The binding of ' Re-anti-CD20 to cells was in the same range as '251-anti-CD20 (>80%) considered as the positive control. {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 and '3'1-anti-CD20 prepared were administered in patients diagnosed with B cell NHL at the Centro Medico Siglo XXI (IMSS). The protocol was approved by the hospital's Medical Ethics Committee. AJI patients signed a consent form after receiving detailed information on the aims of the study. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM software to calculate the radiation absorbed dose to organs and whole body. Dosimetric studies indicate that after administration of 6.4 GBq and 4.87 to 8.75 GBq of '3'1-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 respectively, the absorbed dose to total body would be 0.75 Gy which corresponds to the recommended dose for NHL therapies. The calculated organ absorbed doses indicate that {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 may be used in radioimmunotherapy without the risk of toxicity to red marrow or

Dosimetry and microdosimetry of {sup 188} Re-anti-CD20 and {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 for the treatment of No Hodgkin lymphomas; Dosimetria y microdosimetria del {sup 188} Re-anti-CD20 y {sup 131} I-anti-CD20 para el tratamiento de linfomas No Hodgkin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres G, E

2007-07-01

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare {sup 131}I-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 and to estimate the radiation absorbed dose at macro- and micro- level during a NHL treatment. The work was divided in 4 general objectives: 1) preparation of {sup 131}I-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20, 2) application in patients to obtain biokinetic parameters and estimate the organ absorbed doses 3) estimation of the cellular dosimetry using the MIRD methodology and the MCNP4C2 code and 4) estimation of the cellular microdosimetry using the NOREC code. {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 was prepared by a direct labelling method using sodium tartrate as a weak ligand. To evaluate the biological recognition a comparative study of the in vitro binding of {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20, {sup 125}I-anti-CD20 (positive control) and {sup 188}Re-anti-CEA (negative control) to normal B Iymphocytes was performed. Biodistribution studies in normal mice were accomplished to assess the in vivo Re-anti-CD20 complex stability. The binding of ' Re-anti-CD20 to cells was in the same range as '251-anti-CD20 (>80%) considered as the positive control. {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 and '3'1-anti-CD20 prepared were administered in patients diagnosed with B cell NHL at the Centro Medico Siglo XXI (IMSS). The protocol was approved by the hospital's Medical Ethics Committee. AJI patients signed a consent form after receiving detailed information on the aims of the study. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM software to calculate the radiation absorbed dose to organs and whole body. Dosimetric studies indicate that after administration of 6.4 GBq and 4.87 to 8.75 GBq of '3'1-anti-CD20 and {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 respectively, the absorbed dose to total body would be 0.75 Gy which corresponds to the recommended dose for NHL therapies. The calculated organ absorbed doses indicate that {sup 188}Re-anti-CD20 may be used in radioimmunotherapy without the risk of toxicity to red marrow or healthy organs. The absorbed dose

Endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphomas. A clinical evaluation of 285 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonadonna, G.; Chiappa, S.; Musumeci, R.; Uslenghi, C.

1968-01-01

The authors report treatment of inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes of 285 malignant lymphomas (143 Hodgkin's disease and 142 lymphoreticular sarcomas) with Lipiodol Fluide 131 I (endolymphatic radiotherapy). From 1961 to 1966 the radioactive contrast material was injected in doses ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 mc/cc (10 cc each foot). Adequately opacified nodes responded promptly with marked and progressive reduction in size. When indicated, a second administration of Lipiodol 131 I in a dose of 2.5 mc/cc was always feasible. Several factors prevented a homogeneous and satisfactory distribution of radioactive contrast material throughout the iliac and the para-aortic nodes in one third of the cases. Therefore, in many instances patients had to be treated with external radiation therapy. Histopathologic examination of lymph nodes removed at exploratory laparotomy (four cases) or at autopsy (ten cases) confirmed that Lipiodol 131 I did not fill all the iliac and para-aortic nodes and that destruction of lymphomatous tissue was often incomplete. Recurrences were seen mostly in abnormal adequately filled nodes opacified with high doses of Lipiodol 131 I. In Hodgkin's disease they occurred particularly in the para-aortic area and in lymphoreticular sarcomas in the inguinal and iliac chains. Side effects were minimal. They included amenorrhea, pulmonary insufficiency, hepatic failure and hemolytic anemia. Clinical and histologic signs of pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis were not seen

Influence of liposome forms of the rhenium compounds and cis-platin on thiol-disulfide coefficient in the rats’ blood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. V. Klenina

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Thiol-disulfide coefficient (TDC and its different modifications in model in vivo were studied. Introduction of the liposome forms of cluster rhenium compounds with organic ligands (CROL leads to both TDC increasing and to the constancy of the TDC. Thus, CROLs aren’t toxic agents and some compounds could mobilize organisms’ thiol defence system. Liposome form of cis-platin leads to the TDC decreasing. Important CROL capacities for its future medical treatment practice were shown.

Lump Kinetic Analysis of Syngas Composition Effect on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt and Cobalt-Rhenium Alumina Supported Catalyst

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Dewi Tristantini

2016-03-01

Received: 10th November 2015; Revised: 10th February 2016; Accepted: 16th February 2016 How to Cite: Tristantini, D., Suwignjo, R.K. (2016. Lump Kinetic Analysis of Syngas Composition Effect on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt and Cobalt-Rhenium Alumina Supported Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (1: 84-92. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.424.84-92 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.424.84-92

17 CFR 256.188 - Research, development, or demonstration expenditures.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Research, development, or... COMPANIES, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 4. Deferred Debits § 256.188 Research, development, or... of all expenditures for research, development or demonstration undertaken by or sponsored through the...

Chemoembolization of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases Using Streptozocin and Tris-acryl Microspheres: Embozar (EMBOsphere + ZAnosaR) Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pelage, Jean-Pierre, E-mail: pelage-jp@chu-caen.fr; Fohlen, Audrey [Caen University and Medical Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology (France); Mitry, Emmanuel [Hopital Ambroise Pare, Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Oncology (France); Lagrange, Christine [Hopital Ambroise Pare, Department of Radiology (France); Beauchet, Alain [Hopital Ambroise Pare, Department of Biostatistics and Public Health (France); Rougier, Philippe [Hopital Ambroise Pare, Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Oncology (France)

2017-03-15

PurposeThe purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for neuroendocrine liver metastases using a combination of streptozocin, Lipiodol, and tris-acryl microspheres.Patients and MethodsA total of 16 men and 9 women aged 59.6 ± 11.3 years, all with predominant liver disease, underwent 54 courses of TACE using an emulsion of 1.5 g of streptozocin and 10 ml of Lipiodol. Additional embolization was performed using 300–500 µm tris-acryl microspheres. Morphological response was evaluated using the RECIST criteria on multi-detector computed tomography or MRI. Clinical efficacy was evaluated particularly in patients with carcinoid syndrome.ResultsThe primary tumor was located in the small bowel or pancreas in 21 (84%) patients. Eleven (44%) patients presented with a carcinoid syndrome. Nineteen (76%) patients presented with more than 10 liver nodules. One delayed case of ischemic cholecystitis was treated conservatively. After a median follow-up of 36.1 months, 1 (4%) patient had a complete response, 12 (48%) patients had a partial response, and 7 (28%) patients had a stable disease corresponding to a disease control rate of 80%. All patients with carcinoid syndrome had significant improvement. Median time to progression was 18.8 months and overall survival was 100, 100, and 92% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Seven patients presented with extrahepatic progression with abdominal lymphadenopathies or metastases to the brain, ovary, adrenal gland, or lung.ConclusionOptimized TACE using a combination of streptozocin, Lipiodol, and tris-acryl microspheres is effective and well tolerated.

Osmium-187 enrichment in some plumes: Evidence for core-mantle interaction?

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, R.J.; Morgan, J.W.; Horan, M.F.

1995-01-01

Calculations with data for asteroidal cores indicate that Earth's outer core may have a rhenium/osmium ratio at least 20 percent greater than that of the chondritic upper mantle, potentially leading to an outer core with an osmium-187/osmium-188 ratio at least 8 percent greater than that of chondrites. Because of the much greater abundance of osmium in the outer core relative to the mantle, even a small addition of metal to a plume ascending from the D??? layer would transfer the enriched isotopic signature to the mixture. Sources of certain plume-derived systems seem to have osmium-187/osmium-188 ratios 5 to 20 percent greater than that for chondrites, consistent with the ascent of a plume from the core-mantle boundary.

The alpha-branching ratios of the 188,190,192Pb isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wauters, J.; Dendooven, P.; Decrock, P.; Huyse, M.; Reusen, G.; Duppen, P. van

1992-01-01

The α-branching ratios (b α ) of 192,190,188 Pb are measured using mass-separated sources. Different experimental set-ups are used - one detector as well as two detector set-ups - thereby detecting the α particles from the parent and/or via α decay formed daughter nuclei, the β-delayed gamma radiation from the parent and/or via β decay formed daughter nuclei in the Tl KX Rays from electron capture decay. Values for b α of 6.2(6) 10 -5 and 4.0(4) 10 -3 were found for 191,190 Pb respectively. For 188 Pb, limits on the b α values were obtained: 0.03 α α values showed that the discrepancies in the b α values were not due to inadequate correction procedures, as was suggested, but to experimental uncertainties in the efficiency determination of the different detection set-ups and to an unreliable β-decay scheme for 188 Pb. The b α obtained in this work show that the lead α decay is not faster than the Hg α decay and that there is no need to assume a disappearance of the Z=82 shell closure halfway between N=82 and N=126. (orig.)

Significance of Lipiodol-CT in the evaluation of therapeutic effects of Lp-TAE for hepatocellular carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jinno, Kenji; Tokuyama, Katuyuki; Yumoto, Yasuhiro

1988-01-01

In 20 lesions of 17 patients treated with arterial infusion of SMANCS dissolved in lipiodol (Lp) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Lp deposition within the tumor were depicted on CT (Lp-CT). The findings of Lp-CT were compared with those of macroscopic, soft X-ray, and histologic examinations for resected specimens. Lp-CT appearance of HCC fell into four types: (I) complete type - round and homogeneous high density area (HDA) - in which Lp was deposited over the whole area; (II) defective type - inhomogeneous HDA - in which Lp was deposited in part of the tumor; (III) aggregated type - aggregation of small HDA; (IV) deficient type - no HDA - in which little or no Lp was deposited. Type I was found in 20 % of the lesions, type II in 25 %, type III in 20 %, and type IV in 35 %. In type I, HCC was of macroscopically nodular form with expansive growth and pseudocapsule and of histologically trabecular form with broad blood spaces and inviable cancer cells. In the other types, similar findings were seen in the necrotic area in which Lp was deposited, whereas scirrhous or compact type of HCC was histologically seen in the area containing viable cancer cells in which no Lp was deposited. The presence or not of Lp deposition, as depicted on CT, was closely correlated with histologic findings, which has significant implications for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of TAE with Lp. (Namekawa, K.)

Arg188 in rice sucrose transporter OsSUT1 is crucial for substrate transport

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Sun Ye

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Plant sucrose uptake transporters (SUTs are H+/sucrose symporters related to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS. SUTs are essential for plant growth but little is known about their transport mechanism. Recent work identified several conserved, charged amino acids within transmembrane spans (TMS in SUTs that are essential for transport activity. Here we further evaluated the role of one of these positions, R188 in the fourth TMS of OsSUT1, a type II SUT. Results The OsSUT1(R188K mutant, studied by expression in plants, yeast, and Xenopus oocytes, did not transport sucrose but showed a H+ leak that was blocked by sucrose. The H+ leak was also blocked by β-phenyl glucoside which is not translocated by OsSUT1. Replacing the corresponding Arg in type I and type III SUTs, AtSUC1(R163K and LjSUT4(R169K, respectively, also resulted in loss of sucrose transport activity. Fluorination at the glucosyl 3 and 4 positions of α-phenyl glucoside greatly decreased transport by wild type OsSUT1 but did not affect the ability to block H+ leak in the R188K mutant. Conclusion OsSUT1 R188 appears to be essential for sucrose translocation but not for substrate interaction that blocks H+ leak. Therefore, we propose that an additional binding site functions in the initial recognition of substrates. The corresponding Arg in type I and III SUTs are equally important. We propose that R188 interacts with glucosyl 3-OH and 4-OH during translocation.

Myeloablative radioimmunotherapy with 188Re-CD66mAb before stem cell transplantation. No increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mutschler, J.; Reske, S.N.; Steinbach, G.; Bunjes, D.; Buchmann, I.

2009-01-01

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum levels may increase due to intensive conditioning regimes with high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) before stem cell transplantation. This increases the risk for developing acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) after stem cell transplantation. In this prospective study we investigated the influence of radioimmunotherapy with 188 Re-CD-66-mAb on changes on TNF-α serum levels. Patients, methods: In 18 patients we measured TNF-α before and up to 96 hours after radioimmunotherapy, in 2 patients in addition following TBI, in 9 patients also following chemotherapy. For measuring TNF-α we used an automated immunochemiluminescence assay (Immulite 1000 DPC Biermann, Bad Nauheim). The mean follow up period to record incidence of aGVHD was 100 days after stem cell transplantation. Compared to the basal levels before, the levels of TNF-α after conditioning with 188 Re-CD-66-mAb did not increase significantly and remained in the physiological range. In contrast, these initial physiological cytokine levels increased and became pathological following 48 h after total body irradiation (13.2 ± 6.6 pg/ml) and chemotherapy (10.8 ± 15.7 pg/ml). In our study we found a low incidence of aGvHD (22.2%, n = 4/18). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that additional conditioning therapy with 188 Re-CD-66-mAb does not increase proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α. This finding may indicate that additive radioimmunotherapy may not be a significant factor for increasing the rate of conditioning- associated aGvHD. (orig.)

Preventive study of gastric cancer peritoneal micrometastasis in nude mice with 188Re-labelled monoclonal antibody 3H11

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Zhi; Zhang Meiying; Lin Baohe; Zhao Changying; Han Yan; Mou Aping; Ma Yunxia

2001-01-01

In advanced gastric cancer, especially when the serosa is invaded, the implantation of cancer cells in the peritoneum is common, and it affects patients' survival time severely. Based on successfully labelled monoclonal antibody 3H11 with 188 Re, we investigated the effect of RIT (radioimmunotherapy) with 188 Re-3H11 on preventing the establishment of gastric cancer cell peritoneal micrometastasis in nude mice. After 1x10 6 BGC-823, gastric cancer cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity of each mouse, 45 BABL/C nude mice were divided into 9 groups. Each group received the various doses of 188 Re-3H11 or 188 Re-IgG or saline I.P.16 hours postoperation. The injected volume of each mouse was 1.0 mL. The results showed that the survival time depended on injected doses from 0 to 37MBq. The survival time was 170 ± 25.3 days after 37MBq 188 Re-3H11 were treated . It was over 5 times that of the saline group and about 3 times that of the 74MBq 188 Re-IgG group (p 188 Re-3H11 I.P. is effective and safe in the prevention of intra-peritoneally injected gastric cancer cells from surviving, growing and disseminating in nude mice. (author)

Synthesis, structural characterization and photoluminescence properties of rhenium(I) complexes based on bipyridine derivatives with carbazole moieties.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hong-Yan; Wu, Jing; Zhou, Xin-Hui; Kang, Ling-Chen; Li, Dong-Ping; Sui, Yan; Zhou, Yong-Hui; Zheng, You-Xuan; Zuo, Jing-Lin; You, Xiao-Zeng

2009-12-21

Three N,N-bidentate ligands, 5,5'-dibromo-2,2-bipyridine (L1) and two carbazole containing ligands of 5-bromo-5'-carbazolyl-2,2-bipyridine (L2), 5,5'-dicarbazolyl-2,2'-bipyridine (L3), and their corresponding rhenium Re(CO)3Cl(L) complexes (ReL1-ReL3) have been successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR spectra. Their photophysical properties and thermal analysis, along with the X-ray crystal structure analysis of L3 and complexes ReL1 and ReL3 are also described. In CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature, all complexes display intense absorption bands at ca. 220-350 nm, which can be assigned to spin-allowed intraligand (pi-->pi*) transitions, and the low energy broad bands in the 360-480 nm region are attributed to the metal to ligand charge-transfer d(Re)-->pi* (diimine) (MLCT). The introduction of carbazole moieties improves the MLCT absorption and molar extinction coefficient of these complexes. Upon excitation at the peak maxima, all complexes show strong emissions around 620 nm, which are assigned to d(Re)-->pi* (diimine) MLCT phosphorescence. The photoluminescence lifetime decay of Re(I) complexes were measured and the quantum efficiencies of the rhenium(I) complexes were calculated by using air-equilibrated [Ru(bpy)3]2+ x 2 Cl- aqueous solution as standard (phi(std) = 0.028). The complexes with appended carbazole moieties exhibit enhanced luminescence performances relative to ReL1.

Determination of rhenium traces in river water by Q-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uchida, S.; Tagami, K.; Saito, M.

2003-01-01

A simple separation method was applied to determine rhenium in river water using Q-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS. Re was concentrated from 420-925 ml river water using a TEVA resin minicolumn. Such extraction using a resin could separate Re from most sample matrices and trace elements. Almost 100% recovery was found throughout the method as determined with radioactive multitracers. The HR-ICP-MS was also used for the direct determination because of its low detection limit for Re (0.007 pg/ml). The Re concentration in the river water samples ranged from 0.9 to 6.5 pg/ml and the three analysis results showed good agreement with each other. (author)

G2 arrest and apoptosis of cultured Raji cells by continuous low dose rate beta irradiation therapy with 188Re-perrhenate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yim, S. J.; Kim, E. H.; Lee, T. S.; Woo, K. S.; Jeong, W. S.; Choi, C. W.; Yim, S. M.

2001-01-01

Beta emitting radionuclide therapy gives exponentially decreasing radiation dose rate and results in cell death presumably by apoptosis. We observed changes in DNA content and apoptosis in relatively low dose rate beta irradiation. Raji cells were cultured and incubated with 188Re-perrhenate (3.7MBq, or 370MBq/ml) for 4 hours to give irradiation dose of 0.4, 4, or 40 Gy. After changing the culture media, cells were cultured for 2,4,8,16, and 24 hours. The cells were stained with Trypan blue, Annexin-V and Propidium Iodide (PI) to observe cell viability, cell membrane alternation by apoptosis and changes in DNA content respectively. Flowcytometry was done for Annexin-V and PI to quantitate apoptosis and necrosis in the irradiated cells. DAPI(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stain was also done to observe the damage in the nucleus. Cell viability decreased with an increasing radiation dose. Cells irradiated in 40 Gy showed early uptake of both Annexin-V and PI suggesting cell death by necrosis. Cells irradiated in 0.4 Gy showed delayed uptake of Annexin-V only, and later on PI uptake suggesting cell death mainly by apoptosis. The cells irradiated in 0.4 Gy showed G2 arrest in 16 hours after irradiation, but the cells irradiated in 40 Gy showed early DNA fragmentation within 2 hours after irradiation. In DAPI stain, early nucleus damage was observed in the cells irradiated in 40 Gy. On the other hand, slowly increasing apoptotic bodies were observed in the cells irradiated in 0.4 Gy. These results suggest that continuous low-dose irradiation induces G2 arrest and progressive apoptosis in cells while continuous high-dose irradiation induces rapid necrosis. Therefore, we expect therapeutic effect by continuous low-dose rate irradiation with beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals

Poloxamer 407/188 binary thermosensitive hydrogels as delivery systems for infiltrative local anesthesia: Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akkari, Alessandra C.S.; Papini, Juliana Z. Boava; Garcia, Gabriella K.; Franco, Margareth K.K. Dias; Cavalcanti, Leide P.; Gasperini, Antonio; Alkschbirs, Melissa Inger; Yokaichyia, Fabiano; Paula, Eneida de; Tófoli, Giovana R.; Araujo, Daniele R. de

2016-01-01

In this study, we reported the development and the physico-chemical characterization of poloxamer 407 (PL407) and poloxamer 188 (PL188) binary systems as hydrogels for delivering ropivacaine (RVC), as drug model, and investigate their use in infiltrative local anesthesia for applications on the treatment of post-operative pain. We studied drug-micelle interaction and micellization process by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the sol-gel transition and hydrogel supramolecular structure by small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS) and morphological evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, we have presented the investigation of drug release mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo toxic and analgesic effects. Micellar dimensions evaluation showed the formation of PL407-PL188 mixed micelles and the drug incorporation, as well as the DSC studies showed increased enthalpy values for micelles formation after addition of PL 188 and RVC, indicating changes on self-assembly and the mixed micelles formation evoked by drug incorporation. SAXS studies revealed that the phase organization in hexagonal structure was not affected by RVC insertion into the hydrogels, maintaining their supramolecular structure. SEM analysis showed similar patterns after RVC addition. The RVC release followed the Higuchi model, modulated by the PL final concentration and the insertion of PL 188 into the system. Furthermore, the association PL407-PL188 induced lower in vitro cytotoxic effects, increased the duration of analgesia, in a single-dose model study, without evoking in vivo inflammation signs after local injection. - Highlights: • We present the development and relationships between physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical/pharmacological parameters for the PL407-PL188 binary hydrogel, as well as its use for infiltrative local anesthesia • The addition of PL188 and RVC evoked changes on enthalpy values, self-assembly and the mixed micelles formation • The

Poloxamer 407/188 binary thermosensitive hydrogels as delivery systems for infiltrative local anesthesia: Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akkari, Alessandra C.S. [Human and Natural Sciences Center, ABC Federal University, Santo André, SP (Brazil); Papini, Juliana Z. Boava [São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo (Brazil); Garcia, Gabriella K. [Human and Natural Sciences Center, ABC Federal University, Santo André, SP (Brazil); Franco, Margareth K.K. Dias [Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Cavalcanti, Leide P. [School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, SP (Brazil); Gasperini, Antonio; Alkschbirs, Melissa Inger [Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Yokaichyia, Fabiano [Department Quantum Phenomena in Novel Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin (Germany); Paula, Eneida de [Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Tófoli, Giovana R. [Faculty of Dentistry São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo (Brazil); Araujo, Daniele R. de, E-mail: daniele.araujo@ufabc.edu.br [Human and Natural Sciences Center, ABC Federal University, Santo André, SP (Brazil)

2016-11-01

In this study, we reported the development and the physico-chemical characterization of poloxamer 407 (PL407) and poloxamer 188 (PL188) binary systems as hydrogels for delivering ropivacaine (RVC), as drug model, and investigate their use in infiltrative local anesthesia for applications on the treatment of post-operative pain. We studied drug-micelle interaction and micellization process by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the sol-gel transition and hydrogel supramolecular structure by small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS) and morphological evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, we have presented the investigation of drug release mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo toxic and analgesic effects. Micellar dimensions evaluation showed the formation of PL407-PL188 mixed micelles and the drug incorporation, as well as the DSC studies showed increased enthalpy values for micelles formation after addition of PL 188 and RVC, indicating changes on self-assembly and the mixed micelles formation evoked by drug incorporation. SAXS studies revealed that the phase organization in hexagonal structure was not affected by RVC insertion into the hydrogels, maintaining their supramolecular structure. SEM analysis showed similar patterns after RVC addition. The RVC release followed the Higuchi model, modulated by the PL final concentration and the insertion of PL 188 into the system. Furthermore, the association PL407-PL188 induced lower in vitro cytotoxic effects, increased the duration of analgesia, in a single-dose model study, without evoking in vivo inflammation signs after local injection. - Highlights: • We present the development and relationships between physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical/pharmacological parameters for the PL407-PL188 binary hydrogel, as well as its use for infiltrative local anesthesia • The addition of PL188 and RVC evoked changes on enthalpy values, self-assembly and the mixed micelles formation • The

Development of methods of labeling pentavalent DMSA with 99mTc and 188Re

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brambilla, Tania de Paula

2009-01-01

Technetium-99 m is the most useful radionuclide in diagnostic imaging procedures in Nuclear Medicine, more than 80 percent of radiopharmaceuticals are 99m Tc-labeled compounds. 99m Tc-DMSA(V) has been used for imaging of soft tissue, head and neck tumors. It shows a particularly high specificity for medullary thyroid carcinoma and bone metastases in a variety of cancers. Biodistribution studies of 188 Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of 99m Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of these tumors. The aim of this work is the development of methods of labeling DMSA(V) with 99m Tc and 188 Re. 99m Tc-DMSA(V) can be prepared by two methods. One of them is the indirect one, through the use of a commercial kit of DMSA (III), by adjusting the pH from 2.5 to ∼ 8.5 with NaHCO 3 . This method was evaluated and optimized presenting high labeling yields. The other method is the direct one, through the preparation of a lyophilised kit ready for labeling with 99m Tc, being the method of interest of this work, due to the easy of its clinical use. The most adequate formulation of the kit was: 1.71 mg of DMSA, 0.53 mg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O and 0.83 mg of ascorbic acid (pH 9). Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved labeling this kit with 1 to 2 m L of 99m Tc with activities up to 4736 MBq (128 mCi). The kit was stable up to 6 months and biodistribution studies confirmed the quality of the DMSA (V) labeled with 99m Tc using this kit. The reduction potential of Re is lower than the one for Tc, so the labeling conditions of 188 Re-DMSA(V) are different from the ones used for 99m Tc- DMSA(V). 188 Re-DMSA(V) is prepared in acid solution, that makes it possible to use the DMSA (III) commercial kit developed for labeling with 99m Tc, prepared in pH 2.5, for labeling with 188 Re. Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved with this methodology, with a rection time of 30 minutes at 100 deg C using no more

Behavioral Therapies for Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katy Cooper, PhD

2015-09-01

Conclusions: There is limited evidence that physical behavioral techniques for PE improve IELT and other outcomes over waitlist and that behavioral therapies combined with drug treatments give better outcomes than drug treatments alone. Further RCTs are required to assess psychotherapeutic approaches to PE. Cooper K, Martyn‐St James M, Kaltenthaler E, Dickinson K, Cantrell A, Wylie K, Frodsham L, and Hood C. Behavioral therapies for management of premature ejaculation: A systematic review. Sex Med 2015;3:174–188.

Preparation, biodistribution, and dosimetry of 188Re-Labeled MoAb ior cea1 and its f(ab')2 fragments by avidin-biotin strategy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Pimentel-Gonzalez, Gilmara; Gonzalez-Zavala, Maria Antonia; Murphy, Consuelo Arteaga de; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Tendilla, Jose I.; Croft, Barbara Y.

1999-01-01