Rhea: a transparent and modular R pipeline for microbial profiling based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons.

Science.gov (United States)

Lagkouvardos, Ilias; Fischer, Sandra; Kumar, Neeraj; Clavel, Thomas

2017-01-01

The importance of 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles for understanding the influence of microbes in a variety of environments coupled with the steep reduction in sequencing costs led to a surge of microbial sequencing projects. The expanding crowd of scientists and clinicians wanting to make use of sequencing datasets can choose among a range of multipurpose software platforms, the use of which can be intimidating for non-expert users. Among available pipeline options for high-throughput 16S rRNA gene analysis, the R programming language and software environment for statistical computing stands out for its power and increased flexibility, and the possibility to adhere to most recent best practices and to adjust to individual project needs. Here we present the Rhea pipeline, a set of R scripts that encode a series of well-documented choices for the downstream analysis of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) tables, including normalization steps, alpha - and beta -diversity analysis, taxonomic composition, statistical comparisons, and calculation of correlations. Rhea is primarily a straightforward starting point for beginners, but can also be a framework for advanced users who can modify and expand the tool. As the community standards evolve, Rhea will adapt to always represent the current state-of-the-art in microbial profiles analysis in the clear and comprehensive way allowed by the R language. Rhea scripts and documentation are freely available at https://lagkouvardos.github.io/Rhea.

Rhea: a transparent and modular R pipeline for microbial profiling based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ilias Lagkouvardos

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The importance of 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles for understanding the influence of microbes in a variety of environments coupled with the steep reduction in sequencing costs led to a surge of microbial sequencing projects. The expanding crowd of scientists and clinicians wanting to make use of sequencing datasets can choose among a range of multipurpose software platforms, the use of which can be intimidating for non-expert users. Among available pipeline options for high-throughput 16S rRNA gene analysis, the R programming language and software environment for statistical computing stands out for its power and increased flexibility, and the possibility to adhere to most recent best practices and to adjust to individual project needs. Here we present the Rhea pipeline, a set of R scripts that encode a series of well-documented choices for the downstream analysis of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs tables, including normalization steps, alpha- and beta-diversity analysis, taxonomic composition, statistical comparisons, and calculation of correlations. Rhea is primarily a straightforward starting point for beginners, but can also be a framework for advanced users who can modify and expand the tool. As the community standards evolve, Rhea will adapt to always represent the current state-of-the-art in microbial profiles analysis in the clear and comprehensive way allowed by the R language. Rhea scripts and documentation are freely available at https://lagkouvardos.github.io/Rhea.

CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DEL ACEITE DE LA SEMILLA DE PALTA Persea americana MILL.

OpenAIRE

Rengifo, Pedro G.; Carhuapoma, Mario; Artica, Luis; Castro, Américo J.; López, Sofía

2017-01-01

La semilla de palta es una parte del fruto descartada en la obtención industrial del aceite de pulpa y podría ser una fuente de ácidos grasos esenciales y otros fitoconstituyentes. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar al aceite de la semilla de Persea americana Mill. Var. Hass Fuerte y su actividad antioxidante. Al aceite obtenido por el método de Soxhlet, se le hizo la caracterización fisicoquímica siguiendo las normas AOCS (Sociedad Americana de la Química de...

The Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA): a simulation modeling tool to assist infectious disease control in a health system.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Bruce Y; Wong, Kim F; Bartsch, Sarah M; Yilmaz, S Levent; Avery, Taliser R; Brown, Shawn T; Song, Yeohan; Singh, Ashima; Kim, Diane S; Huang, Susan S

2013-06-01

As healthcare systems continue to expand and interconnect with each other through patient sharing, administrators, policy makers, infection control specialists, and other decision makers may have to take account of the entire healthcare 'ecosystem' in infection control. We developed a software tool, the Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA), that can accept user-inputted data to rapidly create a detailed agent-based simulation model (ABM) of the healthcare ecosystem (ie, all healthcare facilities, their adjoining community, and patient flow among the facilities) of any region to better understand the spread and control of infectious diseases. To demonstrate RHEA's capabilities, we fed extensive data from Orange County, California, USA, into RHEA to create an ABM of a healthcare ecosystem and simulate the spread and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Various experiments explored the effects of changing different parameters (eg, degree of transmission, length of stay, and bed capacity). Our model emphasizes how individual healthcare facilities are components of integrated and dynamic networks connected via patient movement and how occurrences in one healthcare facility may affect many other healthcare facilities. A decision maker can utilize RHEA to generate a detailed ABM of any healthcare system of interest, which in turn can serve as a virtual laboratory to test different policies and interventions.

The geomorphology of Rhea - Implications for geologic history and surface processes

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, J. M.; Horner, V. M.; Greeley, R.

1985-01-01

Morphological analyses of landforms on Rhea are used to define three physiographic provinces: cratered terrain 1 undifferentiated; cratered terrain 1 lineated; and cratered terrain 2. The important statigraphic relationships between the different provinces are examined with respect to major impact basins and tectonic features. It is shown that the formation of multiringed basins may have caused, or at least controlled the locations of major resurfacing and mantling events. The diameters of the central peaks relative to the impact crater diameters are found to be significantly larger than those within the craters of the moon or Mercury. Both cratered and noncrater lineaments have regional orientations which do not fit current global or regional stress models. On the basis of the morphological analysis, a chronological order is established for the origin of the three provinces: the cratered terrain 1 province was formed first; and cratered terrain 1 lineated and cratered terrain 2 were formed second, and last, respectively. It is shown that the chronological order is generally consistent with current theoretical models of the evolution of Rhea.

Early Thermal History of Rhea: The Role of Serpentinization and Liquid State Convection

Science.gov (United States)

Czechowski, Leszek; Łosiak, Anna

2016-12-01

Early thermal history of Rhea is investigated. The role of the following parameters of the model is investigated: time of beginning of accretion, tini, duration of accretion, tac, viscosity of ice close to the melting point, η0, activation energy in the formula for viscosity, E, thermal conductivity of silicate component, ksil, ammonia content, XNH3, and energy of serpentinization, cserp. We found that tini and tac are crucial for evolution. All other parameters are also important, but no dramatic differences are found for realistic values. The process of differentiation is also investigated. It is found that liquid state convection could delay the differentiation for hundreds of My. The results are confronted with observational data from Cassini spacecraft. It is possible that differentiation is fully completed but the density of formed core is close to the mean density. If this interpretation is correct, then Rhea could have accreted any time before 3-4 My after formation of CAI.

Susceptibilidad a insectos en selecciones y variedades de annona muricata l. y persea americana m. en Puerto Rico

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Irma Cabrera

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En Puerto Rico se han reportado varios insectos en las guanábanas (Annona muricata L. y los aguacates (Persea americana M, sin embargo los de mayor importancia son el barrenador de la semilla Bephratelloides cubensis (A. y Apate monacha (F. en A. muricata y Pseudacysta persea (F. en P. americana. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de B. cubensis y A. monacha en seis selecciones de guanábana y en siete variedades de aguacate. De las evaluaciones realizadas en A. muricata, se observó que las selecciones IV-10, VII-14 y VI-1 mostraron la mayor incidencia y la IV-16 mostró la menor incidencia de B. cubensis en relación al número de barrenos por fruta. En cuanto a la incidencia de A. monacha en A. muricata las selecciones IV-16, IV-2, IV-3, VII-14 presentaron la mayor incidencia de barrenos por árbol. En las evaluaciones realizadas en Persea americana se seleccionaron las variedades Ávila, Semil 34, Wilson Popenoe, Pollock, Candelaria, Semil 43 y Butler como las variedades comerciales más sembradas en Puerto Rico. Se observó que la variedad Avila obtuvo el mayor número de huevos, ninfas, hembras y machos de P. persea por hojas comparadas con las demás variedades. Respecto al número de hojas infestadas por árbol se encontró valores significativos (P≤0,01 en la variedad Avila. Resultando tener un 90% de las hojas dañadas. No se observó que las variedades evaluadas tuviese baja o ninguna preferencia a P. Persea

Las plantas americanas en la obra de Charles de l'Écluse: primeras citas en las cartas de Juan de Castañeda

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Ramón-Laca Menéndez de Luarca, Luis

1999-06-01

Full Text Available The Flemish botanist Charles de l'Écluse's works contain abundant references to American plants, for example the avocado (Persea americana Mill., the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.], the potato (Solanum tuberosum L. and the tobáceo (Nicotiana tabacum L.. Although some of these plants were observed by L'Écluse himself during his expedition to the Iberian Península between 1564 and 1565, the majority of the American plants quoted in his works are related with shipments received from several agents around Europe. In the case of Spain, L'Écluse obtained seeds from Seville thanks to the help of Simón de Tovar and Juan de Castañeda. The latter offers in his letters important innovations: Annona cherimola Mill., Indigofera añil LJI. tinctoria L., Annona muricata L., Mammea americana L.. Annona reticulata L., Dioscorea sp., Aloysia citrodora Palau or Manihot spj M. esculenta Crantz. In most of the cases the mention of these plants represente the first record of cultivation in the Old World. A percentage of this material was used by L'Écluse in his Exoticorum libri decem, published in Antwerp in l605.Las obras del botánico flamenco Charles de l'Écluse contienen infinidad de referencias a plantas americanas, destacando entre ellas el aguacate (Persea americana Mill., las batatas [Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.], las patatas (Solanum tuberosum L. o el tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L. . Algunas de ellas fueron observadas por L'Écluse durante la expedición llevada a cabo por la Península Ibérica entre 1564 y 1565. La mayor parte de plantas americanas citadas en sus obras están relacionadas sin embargo con envíos realizados por diversos corresponsales repartidos por Europa. En el caso de España, L'Écluse recibió semillas desde Sevilla gracias a Simón de Tovar y Juan de Castañeda. Este último ofrece en sus cartas importantes novedades, como el "anón" (Annona cherimola Mill., el "añil" (Indigofera añil L./I. tinctoria L., la "guan

Um olhar sistêmico sobre a crise norte-americana

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CHRISTIAN CARVALHO GANZERT

Full Text Available RESUMO No contexto contemporâneo, a economia global pode ser descrita como um sistema baseado em agentes que, quando associados, manifestam seus próprios meios e fins. A crise das hipotecas subprime nos Estados Unidos é um bom exemplo das implicações desse tipo de relacionamento. Ela está diretamente relacionada a poderosos laços de realimentação, compostos por uma série de variáveis que amplificaram o fato de as famílias americanas terem se endividado em ritmo maior do que a sua distribuição de riqueza, prejudicada pela externalização da produção. Há atualmente uma nova estrutura na economia internacional, em que as ex-nações subdesenvolvidas estão mais bem posicionadas no cenário macroeconômico e têm maior poder do que antes - uma consequência do necessário rearranjo sistêmico. Diante dessa complexa dinâmica, a função de inteligência que deveria controlar e garantir a estabilidade sistêmica falhou em perceber a dinâmica e os impactos da nova cultura atrelada ao comportamento do capital contemporâneo, para evitar a perda da hegemonia. Observando-se ex post facto, por meio de um enfoque sistêmico, a crise econômica americana pode ser definida como tendo suas raízes nas premissas de todo o arcabouço cultural da globalização que acabou por conduzir à externalização da produção. Assim, o contexto sistêmico desta análise aponta que a cultura, como importante gerador e amplificador, deve ser o principal foco dos intentos de análise do atual contexto socioeconômico global.

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

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Marcelo Zart

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae, é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a suscetibilidade quanto à queda e deformação de bagas de diferentes cultivares/espécies de uva pela injúria causada pela oviposição de A. fraterculus. O trabalho foi realizado em vinhedos das cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera, 'Moscato Embrapa' (75% de V. vinifera e 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca, localizados em Bento Gonçalves (RS, na safra 2006/2007. Dois casais de A. fraterculus foram confinados por cacho, em gaiolas de tecido voile, durante os estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha, início da compactação, início da maturação e maturação plena dos cachos. Queda significativa de bagas devido ao ataque de A. fraterculus foi registrada na cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon' quando a infestação foi realizada nos estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho; estádios de grão ervilha em 'Moscato Embrapa'; e nos estádios de grão ervilha, início da compactação e início da maturação do cacho na cultivar 'Isabel'. Foi registrada deformação de bagas quando as infestações foram realizadas nos estádios de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho em 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Isabel'. O desenvolvimento larval até a fase de pupa foi observado somente na cultivar 'Moscato Embrapa'.

Historia de la Tripanosomiasis Americana en Colombia

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Fernando Serpa Florez

2000-08-01

Full Text Available

La Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia rinde homenaje a Carlos Chagas, opónimo médico brasileño, nacido en Oliveira en 1879 y fallecido en Río de Janeiro en 1934, con motivo del nonagésimo aniversario del descubrimiento realizado por él del Trypanosoma cruzi, hazaña científica que bautizó en memoria de su maestro Osvaldo Cruz (1872 – 1917, fundador del Instituto de Manquinhos que hoy lleva el nombre de este sanitarista. (1

Carlos Chagas fue miembro correspondiente de nuestra Corporación, elegido hace ochenta años, durante la presidencia del profesor Miguel Rueda Acosta, lo que hace que celebremos el triunfo de quien, honrosamente, podemos considerar como uno de los nuestros. (2 Chagas encontró en 1909 la relación existente entre la Tripanosomiasis Americana y el agente de esta dolencia descubierto por él, que por ello hoy se llama Enfermedad de Chagas.

La tripanosomiasis americana o enfermedad de Chagas, es una entidad autóctona de nuestro continente que, como tantas otras, en un principio fue una zoonosis (enfermedad de los animales que se transmite al hombre tal cual la hidrofobia o rabia, la fiebre amarilla, la encefalitis equina, el carbón bacteridiano, la enfermedad de Lyme… para citar unas cuantas.

La dolencia se extendió a la especie humana cuando ésta irrumpió en la hábitat del huésped intermedio del mal y se ha hecho cada vez más aparente con el aumento de la población y el desequilibrio ecológico que se presenta con la deforestación.

Recordemos que sus reservorios (es decir los hospederos que le sirven de depósito, son algunos animales domésticos como el perro, el cerdo o el cobayo y peridomésticos y silvestres como las ratas, los murciélagos, los armadillos, monos y zarigüeyas. Al hombre, desde luego, podemos considerarlo como reservorio de esta dolencia. En Colombia los primeros informes científi-cos sobre animales domésticos y silvestres reservorios del Trypanosoma

Morfoanatomia de folha e caule de Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae

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Marianna Erbano

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Genipa americana L., conhecida como jenipapo, é uma Rubiaceae nativa do Brasil e as suas folhas são utilizadas pela população como antidiarreico e febrífugo, e o caule como anti-hemorrágico, contra luxações e contusões. Com o objetivo de caracterizar macro e microscopicamente folhas adultas e caules jovens para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico, essa planta medicinal foi analisada segundo a metodologia clássica de morfoanatomia vegetal. Genipa americana apresenta folhas simples, opostas, de formato obovado a oblanceolado e pecíolos curtos. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Os estômatos são paracíticos e restritos à superfície abaxial. Há tricomas tectores uni e pluricelulares predominantemente na superfície abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. Em secção transversal, a nervura central é plano-convexa e o pecíolo é circular, ambos apresentando um feixe vascular colateral em disposição cilíndrica e outros menores. O caule possui felogênio localizado nas camadas subepidérmicas, colênquima anelar e um cilindro floemático externo ao de xilema, sendo ambos percorridos por raios parenquimáticos estreitos. Ocorrem idioblastos contendo compostos fenólicos, areia cristalina e drusas de oxalato de cálcio na folha e no caule.

Caracterización química foliar de los árboles de aguacate criollo (Persea americana var. drymifolia en los bancos de germoplasma de Michoacán, México Foliar chemical caracterization of the creole avocado trees (Persea americana var. drymifolia in the germplasm banks from Michoacán, Mexico

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Cintia A. Rincón-Hernández

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Persea americana var. drymifolia (aguacate criollo mexicano se emplea como portainjerto en huertos de aguacate Hass y es fuente de genes de resistencia a plagas y patógenos para éste y otros cultivares. El aguacate criollo mexicano se está sustituyendo por cultivares comerciales o perdiendo por la destrucción de ecosistemas. Por eso, se estudiaron 250 árboles (52 accesiones de 14 estados de México; 247 de criollo mexicano y 3 híbridos de éste con P.shiedeana, P. americana var. americana y P. americana var. guatemalensis, plantados en los bancos de germoplasma en Michoacán. Se analizó la composición química mediante cromatografía de gases-masas. Hubo alta variabilidad química entre los árboles del banco de germoplasma con los 64 compuestos detectados. El análisis de cúmulos mostró 2 grandes grupos químicos con 100% disimilitud y 22 grupos a 10% de disimilitud. Los híbridos se agruparon de manera diferente a los árboles con características típicas de criollo y difieren en su altitud de origen. Corroboramos que los volátiles foliares sirven como marcadores para diferenciar los criollos típicos de sus híbridos y que mucha variación atribuida a la variedad criolla proviene de hibridaciones en zonas de contacto de esta variedad con otras variedades o especies de Persea.Persea americana var. drymifolia (mexican creole avocado is used as rootstock in Hass avocado orchards and it is a source of genes for resistance to pests and pathogens for this and other cultivars. The Mexican varieties are being replaced by commercial cultivars or lost by the destruction of ecosystems. Therefore, we studied 250 avocado trees of 52 accessions from 14 Mexican states; 247 mexican creole avocado and 3 hybrids of that tree with P. shiedeana, P. americana var. americana or P. americana var. guatemalensis, planted at germplasm banks, Michoacán. Foliar chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. High chemical variability among the trees was found

75 FR 6257 - Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, and Roane Counties, TN

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-08

... TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, and... Watts Bar Reservoir in Tennessee. On November 19, 2009, the TVA Board of Directors (TVA Board) decided... the final environmental impact statement (FEIS) for the Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan...

Nutritional value and digestion rate of rhea meat proteins in association with storage and cooking processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Filgueras, Renata S; Gatellier, Philippe; Ferreira, Claude; Zambiazi, Rui C; Santé-Lhoutellier, Véronique

2011-09-01

The nutritional value of proteins was investigated after the storage and cooking of rhea M. Gastrocnemius pars interna. Oxidation of basic and aromatic amino acids, surface hydrophobicity and aggregation state of proteins, were determined in raw and cooked meat. In addition, myofibrillar proteins were exposed in vitro to proteases of the digestive tract. Cooking markedly affected the protein surface hydrophobicity. The BBP bound content was three times greater in cooked than in fresh rhea meat. A small increment in tryptophan content after cooking was observed. Storage influenced Schiff bases formation indicating the presence of protein-aldehyde adducts after cooking. High content of Schiff bases was found after cooking of samples stored for 5 days, demonstrating a probable implication of free amino groups, most likely from lysine. Cooking decreased the myofibrillar protein susceptibility to pepsin activity. After cooking, the proteolysis rate by pancreatic enzymes increased. Our findings support the importance of protein aggregation in the nutritional value of meat proteins. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ewingella Americana: An Emerging True Pathogen

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Syed Hassan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Infections caused by Ewingella americana have been rarely reported in the literature. Most of the cases that have been reported were among the immunocompromised patients. We report a case of E. americana causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a previous intravenous drug abuser. The causative pathogen was identified by synovial fluid analysis and culture.

Macropropagation of Erythrina americana in a greenhouse: a potential tool for seasonally dry tropical forest restoration

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Tara C. Fehling-Fraser

2015-01-01

Full Text Available L a deforestación en México ha hecho que la restauración sea una necesidad urgente. Erythrina americana es un árbol multipropósito, útil para la restauración de bosques tropicales estacionalmente secos (BTES, pero es poco estudiado. La macropropagación de esta especie es ventajosa comparada con la reproducción sexual que requiere de semillas escarificadas para germinar. En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos de la aplicación exógena de la fitohormona ácido indol-3-butírico en esquejes y del fertilizante fosfatado de liberación lenta (FLL en el sustrato, sobre el crecimiento de E. americana en invernadero. El experimento tuvo un diseño de cuatro bloques al azar. Diez esquejes se cosecharon por tratamiento después de 36, 66, 96 y 126 días de crecimiento. La sobrevivencia, biomasa seca total (BST, tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR y la asignación de recursos (AR se evaluaron. La sobrevivencia promedio de los esquejes fue alta (95 %. Los tratamientos no afectaron la BST, TCR y AR; sin embargo, la aplicación de FLL en el sustrato mostró valores significativamente (P < 0.05 mayores de biomasa seca radical. Los periodos de crecimiento afectaron la TCR y AR. La macropropagación de E. americana fue exitosa y no requirió cuidados intensivos, por lo que esta técnica puede ser una alternativa viable para proyectos de restauración, principalmente en comunidades con bajos recursos.

Multi-drug resistant Ewingella Americana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bukhari, Syed Z.; Ashshi, Ahmad M.; Hussain, Waleed M.; Fatani, Mohammad I.

2008-01-01

We report a case of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant Ewingella Americana in a young patient admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia with severe head injury in a road traffic accident. He was an Indonesian pilgrim who had traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj in December 2007. Ewingella Americana was identified to be the pathogen of pneumonia with clinical signs and symptoms along with positive radiological findings. (author)

Agave Americana Leaf Fibers

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Ashish Hulle

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The growing environmental problems, the problem of waste disposal and the depletion of non-renewable resources have stimulated the use of green materials compatible with the environment to reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a need to design products by using natural resources. Natural fibers seem to be a good alternative since they are abundantly available and there are a number of possibilities to use all the components of a fiber-yielding crop; one such fiber-yielding plant is Agave Americana. The leaves of this plant yield fibers and all the parts of this plant can be utilized in many applications. The “zero-waste” utilization of the plant would enable its production and processing to be translated into a viable and sustainable industry. Agave Americana fibers are characterized by low density, high tenacity and high moisture absorbency in comparison with other leaf fibers. These fibers are long and biodegradable. Therefore, we can look this fiber as a sustainable resource for manufacturing and technical applications. Detailed discussion is carried out on extraction, characterization and applications of Agave Americana fiber in this paper.

Morfoanatomia de folha e caule de Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae Leaf and stem morpho-anatomy of Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae

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Marianna Erbano

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Genipa americana L., conhecida como jenipapo, é uma Rubiaceae nativa do Brasil e as suas folhas são utilizadas pela população como antidiarreico e febrífugo, e o caule como anti-hemorrágico, contra luxações e contusões. Com o objetivo de caracterizar macro e microscopicamente folhas adultas e caules jovens para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico, essa planta medicinal foi analisada segundo a metodologia clássica de morfoanatomia vegetal. Genipa americana apresenta folhas simples, opostas, de formato obovado a oblanceolado e pecíolos curtos. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Os estômatos são paracíticos e restritos à superfície abaxial. Há tricomas tectores uni e pluricelulares predominantemente na superfície abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. Em secção transversal, a nervura central é plano-convexa e o pecíolo é circular, ambos apresentando um feixe vascular colateral em disposição cilíndrica e outros menores. O caule possui felogênio localizado nas camadas subepidérmicas, colênquima anelar e um cilindro floemático externo ao de xilema, sendo ambos percorridos por raios parenquimáticos estreitos. Ocorrem idioblastos contendo compostos fenólicos, areia cristalina e drusas de oxalato de cálcio na folha e no caule.Genipa americana L., known as jenipapo, is a Rubiaceae species native to Brazil. Its leaves are used by the population as anti-diarrheic and febrifuge, and its stem as anti-hemorrhagic and for trauma injuries. Aiming to identify macro and microscopically mature leaves and young stems for the pharmacognostic quality control, this medicinal plant was investigated according to standard morpho-anatomical techniques. The leaves are simple, opposite, obovate-oblanceolate, presenting short petiole. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated with thin and slightly striate cuticle. The stomata are paracytic and restricted to the abaxial surface. It

Periods and dry environments in the seeds quality of Genipa americana L.Períodos e ambientes de secagem na qualidade de sementes de Genipa americana L.

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Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Genipa americana L. is a tropical tree belonging to Rubiaceae family, providing fruit that are consumed in natura and is being increasingly explored as raw material to liquor, wine, soft drink and also the use of white wood for making various products. The seeds drying this species can be made using natural and or artificial methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural drying, in different periods and ambient, in the physiological quality of Genipa americana seeds. Seeds were submitted to the determination of moisture content after processing and drying of each period (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. To evaluate the effects of ambient (laboratory and greenhouse and drying periods were performed the following tests: emergence in greenhouse, emergence speed index, seedling length and dry weight. Drying seed genipa can be done in a greenhouse (temperature of 33°C with relative humidity of 70% for 24 hours or laboratory environment (temperature of 28°C with relative humidity of 75% for 48 hours without compromising the physiological quality.Genipa americana L. é uma árvore tropical, pertencente à família Rubiaceae, fornece frutos que são consumidos in natura e vem sendo explorada cada vez mais como matéria-prima de licor, vinho, refresco e também o uso da madeira branca para confecção de vários produtos. A secagem de sementes dessa espécie pode ser feita pelo método natural e/ou artificial. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da secagem natural, em diferentes ambientes e períodos, na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de Genipa americana. As sementes foram submetidas à determinação do teor de água após o beneficiamento em cada período de secagem (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 e 168 horas. Para a avaliação do efeito dos ambientes (laboratório e ambiente telado e períodos de secagem foram realizados os seguintes testes: emergência em ambiente telado, índice de

Hongos Fitopatógenos asociados a semillas de palto (Persea Americana mill.)

OpenAIRE

Leon Ttacca, Betsabe; Mattos Calderon, Leonor

2016-01-01

Una serie de enfermedades severas de origen fungoso son diseminadas por semillas de palto, y pueden causar una disminución de la producción en aproximadamente el 14 % y una reducción de calidad en un 10 %. El presente trabajo consistió en aislar e identificar hongos fitopatógenos presentes en las semillas de palto (Persea americana Mill.) raza mexicana utilizadas para patrón. A partir del embrión y cotiledón de 200 semillas de palto, se aislo los hongos fotopatogenos en medio de cultivo Papa ...

Early Thermal History of Rhea: The Role of Serpentinization and Liquid State Convection

OpenAIRE

Czechowski Leszek; Łosiak Anna

2016-01-01

Early thermal history of Rhea is investigated. The role of the following parameters of the model is investigated: time of beginning of accretion, tini, duration of accretion, tac, viscosity of ice close to the melting point, η0, activation energy in the formula for viscosity, E, thermal conductivity of silicate component, ksil, ammonia content, XNH3, and energy of serpentinization, cserp. We found that tini and tac are crucial for evolution. All other parameters are also important, but no dra...

Herança e ligação em locos de isoenzimas em Genipa americana L. Inheritance and linkage in isozymes loci of Genipa americana L.

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Alexandre Magno SEBBENN

2004-06-01

Full Text Available A herança e a ligação foram estudadasem quatro locos polimórficos (6pghd-1, Pgi-2,Mdh-1 e Mdh-2 de três sistemas isoenzimáticos deGenipa americana, analisados por eletroforesehorizontal em gel de amido, usando tecidoscoletados de quinze progênies de polinização aberta,procedentes de Moji-Guaçu, Estado de São Paulo.Esses locos segregaram de dois a três alelos.A segregação nesses locos foi homogênea entreárvores. Contudo, existem desvios significativos dasegregação esperada 1:1 para algumas árvores emalguns locos. Desvios significativos da razão desegregação esperada 1:1 foram detectados noslocos Mdh-2 e 6pgdh-1. Não foram detectadasevidências de ligação entre nenhum dos pares delocos avaliados em G. americana e esses podemser utilizados sem restrição para estudos do sistemade reprodução, diversidade e estrutura genética depopulações da espécie.Inheritance and linkage for fourpolymorphic loci (6pghd-1, Pgi-2, Mdh-1 andMdh-2 from three enzyme systems in Genipaamericana were analyzed by horizontal starch gelelectrophoresis using tissues collected from fiftyopen-pollinated families in Moji-Guaçu, São PauloState. These allozyme loci have segregated fromtwo to four alleles per polymorphic locus. Genesegregation on those loci was homogeneous amongtrees. However, there were significant deviationsfrom the expected segregation ratios on some lociand some individual trees. In addition, Mdh-2 and6pgdh-1 loci have shown significant deviationsfrom the 1:1 expected segregation ratio. Linkagedisequilibrium evidences were not detected betweenany two pairs of loci from G. americana and thosecan be used with no restriction to study the matingsystem, genetic diversity, and genetic structure onthe species.

Iridoids from leaf extract of Genipa americana

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Jovelina S.F. Alves

Full Text Available Abstract Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae, is a plant native from Brazil popularly known as “jenipapo”. Two iridoids, 1-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl-1,4aH,5H,7aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (1, and iridoid 7-(hydroxymethyl-1-methoxy-1H,4aH,5H,7aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (2 were isolated and identified in the leaf extract of G. americana. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified for the first time in G. americana, and 1 has not been yet described in literature. These substances were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, high resolution mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C 1D; as well as 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the presence of flavonoids was detected by a preliminary analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography.

Genipa americana L.: technological prospecting

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Selma Maria Santos Moura

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Genipap is a tall tree (10 to 15 meters, found in humid tropical regions, common in brazilian northeastern. Its scientific name is Genipa americana L., jenipapo comes from the Tupi-Guarani jandipap, which means fruit that serves to paint. It features straight stem, dark green leaves, golden-yellow flowers and fruit in the form of ovoid berry, has light brown pulp surrounding seeds in the center. In food, its fruit is edible natural and in the preparation of sweets, soft drinks and wine. It is rich in iron, vitamins B1, B2, B5 and C, calcium and carbohydrates. In popular culture have medicinal indications for the treatment of diseases. When green, the fruit provides a blue juice widely used as a colorant, transparent at first, which becomes black when oxidized, has consistency of ink and body in contact with the skin, it leaves stains that disappear after a week or more spontaneously. The objective of this research was to carry out technology foresight regarding Genipa americana L., to present an overview of the technologies developed related to the theme. For that held a patent search on the basis of the European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office and the National Institute of Industrial Property. Using the Genipa americana L. keyword were registered 88 patents, when added the word dye 5 patent were found and no request when the search was conducted using Genipa americana L. and cell. Brazil recorded a lower number of patents found in the USA and Japan, with the years 2010, 2011 and 2015, which showed a higher number. Integrated actions should be taken to encourage development institutions to research in order to enable an environment conducive to the generation of innovations, making Brazil a more competitive country in the technological point of view.

Cassini RADAR Observations of Phoebe, Iapetus, Enceladus, and Rhea

Science.gov (United States)

Ostro, S. J.; West, R. D.; Janssen, M. A.; Zebker, H. A.; Wye, L. C.; Lunine, J. I.; Lopes, R. M.; Kelleher, K.; Hamilton, G. A.; Gim, Y.; Anderson, Y. Z.; Boehmer, R. A.; Lorenz, R. D.

2005-12-01

Operating in its scatterometry mode, the Cassini radar has obtained 2.2-cm-wavelength echo power spectra from Phoebe on the inbound and outbound legs of its flyby (subradar points at W. Long, Lat. = 245,-22 deg and 328,+27 deg), from Iapetus' leading side (66,+39 deg) and trailing side (296,+44 deg) on the inbound and outbound legs of orbit BC, from Enceladus during orbits 3 (0,0 deg) and 4 (70,-13 deg), and from Rhea during orbit 11 (64,-77 deg). Our echo spectra, obtained in the same linear (SL) polarization as transmitted, are broad, nearly featureless, and much stronger than expected if the echoes were due just to single backreflections. Rather, volume scattering from the subsurface probably is primarily responsible for the echoes. This conclusion is supported by the strong anticorrelation between our targets' radar albedos (radar cross section divided by target projected area) and disc brightness temperatures estimated from passive radiometric measurements obtained during each radar flyby. Taking advantage of the available information about the radar properties of the icy satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, especially the linear- and circular-polarization characteristics of groundbased echoes from the icy Galilean satellites (Ostro et al. 1992, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 18227-18244), we estimate our targets' 2.2-cm total-power (TP) albedos and compare them to Arecibo and Goldstone values for icy satellites at 3.5, 13, and 70 cm. Our four targets' albedos span an order of magnitude and decrease in the same order as their optical albedos: Enceladus/Rhea/Iapetus/Phoebe. This sequence most likely corresponds to increasing contamination of near-surface water ice, whose extremely low electrical loss at radio wavelengths permits the multiple scattering responsible for high radar albedos. Plausible candidates for contaminants causing variations in radar albedo include ammonia, silicates, and polar organics. Modeling of icy Galilean satellite echoes indicates that penetration

Dissemination of German Medicine in Spain and Latin America:The Revista Médica de Hamburgo and the Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana (1920-1933

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Romero Sá, Magali

2010-06-01

Full Text Available This article presents the development of the journals Revista Médica de Hamburgo and Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana, which were created to promote and disseminate the German science among the medical community in Latin America and Spain between the two World Wars. Shaken by the loss of Germany’s colonies in Africa, the difficulties faced due to post-war economy, and the restrictions imposed by the armistice, the Germans sought to restore their cultural and scientific prestige through such initiative.

El trabajo aborda la trayectoria de la Revista Médica de Hamburgo (RMH y la Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana (RMGIA, publicaciones creadas para promover y difundir la ciencia alemana entre las comunidades médicas de América Latina y España en el contexto de entreguerras. Sacudidos por la pérdida de las colonias en África, por las dificultades enfrentadas por la economía y por las condiciones impuestas por el armisticio, los alemanes pretendían con esa iniciativa recuperar el prestigio cultural y científico.

ETIQUETAS DE SECUENCIAS EXPRESADAS DIFERENCIALES DE FRUTOS DE AGUACATE RAZA MEXICANA (Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia

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Enrique Ignacio Sánchez-González

2018-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN En este estudio se desarrollaron e identificaron etiquetas de secuencias expresadas diferencialmente (ESTs de frutos inmaduros de Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia del estado de Nuevo León, México. Diez genotipos con frutos de forma y tamaño diferentes fueron seleccionados para generar ESTs por la técnica de despliegue diferencial.Se obtuvieron en total 393 fragmentos diferenciales amplificados, 82 fragmentos diferenciales fueron secuenciados y editados para identificación y comparación en las bases de datos para nucleótidos y proteínas del NCBI. Cuarenta secuencias mostraron similitud significativa con secuencias de ARNm y/o secuencias de proteínas hipotéticas o predichas pertenecientes a P. americana y/o a otros géneros. Algunas secuencias estuvieron relacionadas a enzimas como flavanona-3-hidroxilasa (F3H, lecitina-colesterol aciltransferasa, glutatión-S-transferasamicrosomal y proteína pleiotrópica de resistencia a drogas. Con la información de la composición nucleotídica de las ESTs se podrán diseñar iniciadores para cuantificar niveles de expresión por RT-PCR en tiempo real de los genes, en diferentes etapas fenológicas del fruto y hacer comparaciones entre los genotipos que permitan determinar usos alternos de sus frutos.

O processo inovativo das indústrias processadoras de suco de laranja brasileiras e norte-americanas: uma comparação utilizando a análise de patentes

OpenAIRE

Rossi, Fabiana Ribeiro; Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Departamento de Engenharia de Produção; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Departamento de Engenharia de Produção

2015-01-01

Desde a década de 80, o Brasil lidera a produção mundial de suco de laranja seguido, desde então, pelos Estados Unidos da América (EUA). Em torno de 90% da produção nacional de suco é exportada, enquanto a produção norte-americana é utilizada basicamente para consumo interno. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a dinâmica de patenteamento das indústrias processadoras de suco de laranja brasileiras e norte-americanas. Para isso, foi feita uma busca por patentes utilizando a base de d...

Imagen de América Latina en "La Ilustración Española y Americana", en el siglo XIX

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Lic. Vivian Jara

1998-01-01

Full Text Available 'La Ilustración Española y Americana' es, probablemente, la más sobresaliente publicación semanal que se conserva de la época, una de las de mayor tirada y de mayor difusión, tanto en el Viejo como en el Nuevo Continente, y probablemente también una de las de mayor perdurabilidad en el tiempo. Se publicaba en Madrid y era distribuida a todos los países de habla hispana. Para realizar este trabajo la autora trabajó con los ejemplares de La Ilustración Española y Americana desde 1876 y hasta 1881, inclusive, y con los Almanaques de La Ilustración conservados en la Biblioteca de la Universidad de La Laguna. El trabajo consistió en el relevamiento de imágenes de y/o referidas a América Latina. Con tal fin y bajo la dirección y tutoría del profesor Adrián Alemán de Armas, se elaboró una ficha de investigación que condensó los aspectos esenciales de dichas imágenes. Asimismo, se realizaron simultáneamente observaciones acerca de algunos aspectos más sobresalientes, en los artículos referidos a América Latina. Estos son los primeros resultados de dichas observaciones. Por supuesto, aún queda mucho por releer, re-analizar y elaborar. En principio, hemos tratado de determinar, desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, el porcentual de espacio asignado a América Latina, en las páginas de La Ilustración Española y Americana.

Preparation of Eleutherine americana-Alginate Complex Microcapsules and Application in Bifidobacterium longum

Science.gov (United States)

Phoem, Atchara N; Chanthachum, Suphitchaya; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang P

2015-01-01

Microencapsulation using extrusion and emulsion techniques was prepared for Bifidobacterium longum protection against sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, refrigeration storage and heat treatment. Eleutherine americana was used as the co-encapsulating agent. Hydrolysis of E. americana by gastric and intestinal juices was also determined. E. americana and its oligosaccharide extract demonstrated their resistance to low pH and partial tolerance to human α-amylase. Microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana and oligosaccharide extract prepared by the extrusion technique survived better than that by the emulsion technique under adverse conditions. Survival of microencapsulated cells after exposure to the juices and refrigeration storage was higher than free cells at Weeks 2 and 4. In addition, the viability of microencapsulated cells was better than free cells at 65 °C for 15 min. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana offers the effective delivery of probiotics to colon and maintains their survival in food products. PMID:25629556

As bibliotecas nacionais latino americanas e o capital social

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Deborah Medeiros

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo Estudo que pretende analisar o uso da web social nos serviços das bibliotecas nacionais latino americanas e as formas de fomentar Capital Social em sua comunidade. Buscou-se verificar quais mídias sociais as bibliotecas nacionais usam, avaliando como adaptam aos serviços das bibliotecas e como as utilizam para fomentar o Capital Social, adotando-se para isso a teoria do fator whuffie. Utilizou-se a coleta e mapeamento de mídias sociais e observação não participante para a análise dos websites das Bibliotecas Nacionais analisadas. Como resultado, a pesquisa constatou que as Bibliotecas Nacionais em sua grande maioria utilizam seus sites e bibliotecas digitais para oferecer serviços e fomentar Capital Social entre seus interagentes. Por fim, conclui-se que as bibliotecas analisadas ainda utilizam suas mídias sociais na internet para fins administrativos e de divulgação, e observa-se que, através de algumas práticas identificadas nas bibliotecas analisadas nesta pesquisa, as demais bibliotecas podem buscar novas formas e possibilidades de interação dos seus serviços com seus interagentes por meio dessas mídias e de seus websites.

La exposición histórico-americana de Madrid de 1892 y la ¿ausencia? de México

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Ramírez Losada, Dení

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The Fourth Centennial of the Discovery of America was celebrated in 1892. Together with the rest of the festivities, the Historical American Exposition of Madrid is considered a landmark not only for its political, cultural and scientific relevance, which, to this day, have not been studied in their entirety, but as well for the implications that resulted for Mexico. This article is meant to show, on the one side, the singularity of such festivities, and, on the other, the fact that Mexico’s participation constituted an important historical moment for Mexican scientific anthropology. This research was essentially carried out based on the numerous documentation found at the Archivo General de la Administración, Alcalá de Henares.

En 1892 se celebró en España el IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de América. En el marco de este festejo destacó, sin duda, la Exposición Histórico Americana de Madrid no sólo por su enorme relevancia política, cultural y científica que, hasta ahora, se ha estudiado poco, sino por todo aquello que significó para México en particular. El artículo centra su interés en destacar, por un lado, la singularidad de los festejos colombinos y, por el otro, mostrar que la participación de México en la Exposición Histórico-Americana constituyó todo un hito científico en la antropología mexicana. La investigación se llevó a cabo, fundamentalmente, sobre la copiosa documentación encontrada en el Archivo General de la Administración, Alcalá de Henares.

Near-infrared (0.8-4.0 m) spectroscopy of mimas, enceladus, tethys, and rhea

Science.gov (United States)

Emery, J.P.; Burr, D.M.; Cruikshank, D.P.; Brown, R.H.; Dalton, J.B.

2005-01-01

Spectral measurements from the ground in the time leading up to the Cassini mission at Saturn provide important context for the interpretation of the forthcoming spacecraft data. Whereas ground-based observations cannot begin to approach the spatial scales Cassini will achieve, they do possess the benefits of better spectral resolution, a broader possible time baseline, and unique veiewing geometries not obtained by spacecraft (i.e., opposition). In this spirit, we present recent NIR reflectance spectra of four icy satellites of Saturn measured with the SpeX instrument at the IRTF. These measurements cover the range 0.8-4.0 m of both the leading and trailing sides of Tethys and the leading side of Rhea. The L-band region (2.8-4.0 m) offers new opportunities for searches of minor components on these objects. Additionally, these data include 0.8-2.5 m spectra of both the leading and trailing sides of Mimas and of the (mostly) trailing side of Enceladus. The spectrum of Enceladus shows activity near 2.25 m that we interpret as a possible signature of NH3 ice. The presence of ammonia in the Saturn system is not unexpected, and may help explain the apparent recent geologic activity of Enceladus. Analysis of leading/trailing differences inH2O band depths, spectral slopes, and albedo imply a separate regime of surface modification for Mimas and Enceladus than for the more distant icy satellites (Tethys, Dione, Rhea). Aside from the potential NH3 on Enceladus, no other minor constituents are detected in these icy surfaces.

Heterobilharzia americana infection and congestive heart failure in a llama (Lama glama).

Science.gov (United States)

Corapi, W V; Eden, K B; Edwards, J F; Snowden, K F

2015-05-01

The schistosome Heterobilharzia americana infects several mammalian species in the southeastern United States, including horses, but infections have not been reported in camelids. This is a report of H. americana infection in a 6-year-old llama with extensive cardiac pathology and congestive heart failure. Parasite-induced granulomas were widely disseminated and included overwhelming involvement of the lungs and liver. Microscopic lesions in the heart included myofiber degeneration and necrosis, with extensive replacement fibrosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence of H. americana in the lungs. © The Author(s) 2014.

Assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of "lixeira" (Curatella americanaL. λ using the prophage induction test (SOS inductest

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Juliana Brandstetter Vilar

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Curatella americana L., commonly known as "lixeira" in Brazil, has been used in folk medicine to treat ulcers and inflammations. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract of C. americana stem bark using the prophage λ induction test (SOS inductest. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of this plant, after treatment with different concentrations of the extract, Escherichia coli WP2s(λ cultures were diluted in M9 buffer, inoculated into LB plates, and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. To assess genotoxicity, the lysogenic strain E. coli WP2s(λ was treated with different concentrations of the extract. Then, the lysogenic strain was added to the indicator strain (RJF013, LB(1/2(malt/amp, seeded into plates with the matches, and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. After this period, the total number of colonies and the number of plaques were counted to evaluate C. americana cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively. Our results showed that although the extract of "lixeira" did not modify the survival of bacteria (p > 0.05, it caused a significant increase in prophage λ induction, especially at the higher concentrations (pCuratella americana L., comumente conhecida como "lixeira" no Brasil, é utilizada em medicina popular para tratamento de úlceras e inflamações. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial citotóxico e genotóxico do extrato etanólico das cascas de C. americana utilizando o Induteste SOS. Para avaliar a citotoxicidade da planta, depois de tratadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato, culturas de E. coli WP2s(λ foram diluνdas em tampão M9 e semeadas em placas LB. Para avaliar a genotoxicidade da planta, a cepa lisogênica WP2s(λ de E. coli foi tratada com diferentes concentrações do extrato. Em seguida, esta foi adicionada à cepa indicadora (RJF013 e ambas foram semeadas em placas em meio LB(1/2(malt(amp. Todas as culturas foram incubadas por 24

Paul Strand y las paradojas de la modernidad americana

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Vicente Sánchez Biosca

2010-06-01

Full Text Available As contribuições de Strand para o cinema estão estreitamente relacionadas com seus trabalhos fotográficos da época e mesmo com um olhar que, apesar de suas múltiplas diferenças, possui muitos pontos em comum. Se em Manhatta (1920, Strand (em colaboração com Sheeler oferece uma síntese da natureza e da modernidade, em Redes (1934 o que predomina, em contrapartida, é a experiência da arte muralista mexicana e a influência de Eisenstein (em suas andanças por México são os fatores que determinam seus esforços na construção de uma épica dos operários. Mas sem dúvida, o projeto mais ambicioso de Strand (ao mando da produtora Frontier Films foi Native Land, o filme que atendeu às demandas do American Popular Front e as moldou nas palavras dos fundadores da pátria americana.

Identification of rosmarinic acid as the major active constituent in Cordia americana.

Science.gov (United States)

Geller, F; Schmidt, C; Göttert, M; Fronza, M; Schattel, V; Heinzmann, B; Werz, O; Flores, E M M; Merfort, I; Laufer, S

2010-04-21

Preparation from leaves of Cordia americana have been widely used in traditional medicine in South Brazil to treat wounds and various inflammations. The objective of this work was to identify the effective compounds in the ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Cordia americana, which is used in traditional South Brazilian medicine as anti-inflammatory and wound healing remedy. Isolation and structure elucidation techniques were performed in order to identify the compounds of Cordia americana and HPLC analysis was used for the quantification. The major constituent and the ethanolic extract were investigated for inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, p38alpha MAPK, TNFalpha release and NF-kappaB as well as in the fibroblast scratch assay. Rosmarinic acid (1) was identified as the major compound with an amount of 8.44% in the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cordia americana. The ethanolic extract as well as (1) exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase (IC(50)=0.69 and 0.97microg/mL, resp., IC50 of BWA4C as reference: 0.3microM) and p38alpha (IC50=3.25 and 1.16microg/mL, resp., IC50 of SB203580 as reference: 0.046microM) and moderate inhibitory effects on TNFalpha release. Slight effects were observed in the fibroblast scratch assay. This study increases our knowledge on the effective compound in Cordia americana and supports its use in traditional medicine. We demonstrated for the first time pharmacological effects of Cordia americana and we provide evidences for a crucial role of rosmarinic acid as the major key player. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enfermedad de Chagas o Tripanosomiasis Americana.

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Felipe Guhl

2000-08-01

Full Text Available

Situación Actual de Colombia.

La enfermedad de Chagas o tripanosomiasis americana es una enfermedad parasitaria crónica causada por un protozoario flagelado el Trypanosoma cruzi, descrito por primera vez por Carlos Chagas, médico brasileño, a comienzos de este siglo y en su honor se denominó la enfermedad que lleva su nombre.

Este parásito normalmente se transmite al ser humano a través de insectos triatomíneos estrictamente hematófagos de la familia Reduviidae, en el momento en que perforan la piel para succionar la sangre que los alimenta.

Sin embargo, no se inocula directamente por intermedio de las estructuras bucales del insecto en el momento de la picadura como en el caso de las tripanosomiasis africanas, si no que se deposita pasivamente en la piel a través de las heces del insecto, penetrando en el cuerpo por la herida que causa la picadura u otras abrasiones de la piel o de la mucosa. El T. cruzi, también puede transmitirse por infección congénita, por transfusión de sangre contaminada o por el transplante de órganos contaminados. El ciclo vital del parásito es largo y complejo y su desarrollo tiene varias etapas, tanto en el vector triatomineo como en el huésped vertebrado .

La Enfermedad de Chagas constituye una amenaza permanente para casi la cuarta parte de toda la población de América Latina. Si bien la enfermedad se encuentra presente en toda América Central y del Sur, sus manifestaciones y características epidemiológicas son altamente variables entre una y otra zona endémica. Existe una gran diversidad en las tasas de prevalencia, formas de transmisión, características parasitarias, patología clínica, vectores y reservorios.

Más que cualquier otra enfermedad parasitaria, la enfermedad de Chagas se relaciona con el desarrollo económico y social de la población: los insectos triatomineos y las enfermedades que ellos transmiten existirán mientras en

Tectonic and volcanic history of Rhea as inferred from studies of scarps, ridges, troughs, and other lineaments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, P.G.

1988-01-01

The 13 geomorphic feature types presently defined through the analysis of landforms on Rhea are with only one exception interpretable as of tectonic or volcanic-tectonic origin. The troughs, grabens, grooves, pit chains, scarps, and other lineaments are purely extensional in nature, while the ridges are volcanic features formed in an extensional stress field; this extension was followed by a global compression era generating megaridges and megascarps. The extensional landforms seem to form a global grid pattern that is directionally similar to the theoretically projected pattern of a tidally distorted planet. 17 references

Los cariotipos de Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana (Leguminosae- Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México Karyotypes of Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae- Phaseoleae of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Mexico

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Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron citogenéticamente células provenientes de meristemos radiculares de 2 leguminosas, Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana, que en la actualidad están incluidas en la flora de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México, D. F., mediante una técnica de extendido en superficie y secado al aire para determinar los números cromosómicos somáticos. Por vez primera se obtuvieron la morfología cromosómica y otras características cuantitativas de los cariotipos en C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m +18sm y en E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm +2st sat, primeras también en ambos géneros. Cologania y Erythrina se reconocen como poliploides estabilizados y el hallazgo de un único par de cromosomas con satélites (dominancia nucleolar en las especies estudiadas aquí, favorece la opinión de un origen alopoliploide para estos taxa.Meristematic root cells from Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, were analyzed cytogenenetically using a surface-spreading and air-drying method. The somatic chromosome numbers were determined. Chromosome morphology and others quantitative features of the karyotypes obtained for first time in C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m + 18sm and E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm + 2st sat and also the first in both genera. Cologania and Erythrina are recognized as stabilized polyploids and the finding of just one pair of chromosomes with satellites (nucleolar dominance in the species analyzed here supports the view of allopolyploid origin of these taxa.

Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans to Antibacterial Effect from Mammea americana

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Alejandra Herrera Herrera

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The development of periodontal disease and dental caries is influenced by several factors, such as microorganisms of bacterial biofilm or commensal bacteria in the mouth. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses in the host. Currently, medicinal plants are treatment options for these oral diseases. Mammea americana extracts have reported antimicrobial effects against several microorganisms. Nevertheless, this effect is unknown against oral bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of M. americana extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. For this, an experimental study was conducted. Ethanolic extract was obtained from seeds of M. americana (one oil phase and one ethanolic phase. The strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were exposed to this extract to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Antibacterial activity was observed with the two phases of M. americana extract on P. gingivalis and S. mutans with lower MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration. Also, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was detected against S. mutans, depending on the concentration of the extract, while on M. americana extract presented only bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis. These findings provide important and promising information allowing for further exploration in the future.

Evaluation of Treatments to Reduce Hardness of Agave americana Core

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José A. Ramírez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Agave americana contains inulin as storage carbohydrate. Therefore, agave is interesting to be used for the extraction of inulin by pressing. The yield of the process is low due to the high hardness of the core. The objective of this work was to evaluate pretreatments to reduce the hardness in the process of obtaining inulin by pressing. Treatments with water, sulphuric acid 1 % (by mass or sodium hydroxide 1 % (by mass were tested and optimized. The pretreatment of the core of A. americana with sulphuric acid 1 % allowed the reduction of hardness from 30 000 g to 2000 g of breaking force. The mathematical model obtained predicts an optimum processing at 84 °C during 75 min. The treatment with sulphuric acid 1 % also allows white core of A. americana to be obtained, while the other treatments provide yellow core. These results open a good alternative to obtain value added products from this resource.

Cloning of a chitinase gene from Ewingella americana, a pathogen of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

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P.W. Inglis

2000-09-01

Full Text Available We have isolated a gene encoding a chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 from Ewingella americana, a recently described pathogen of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. This gene, designated chiA (EMBL/Genbank/DDBJ accession number X90562, was cloned by expression screening of a plasmid-based E. americana HindIII genomic library in Escherichia coli using remazol brilliant violet-stained carboxymethylated chitin incorporated into selective medium. The chiA gene has a 918-bp ORF, terminated by a TAA codon, with a calculated polypeptide size of 33.2 kDa, likely corresponding to a previously purified and characterised 33-kDa endochitinase from E. americana. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 33% identity with chitinase II from Aeromonas sp. No. 10S-24 and 7.8% identity with a chitinase from Saccharopolyspora erythraeus. Homology to other chitinase sequences was otherwise low. The peptide sequence deduced from chiA lacks a typical N-terminal signal sequence and also lacks the chitin binding and type III fibronectin homology units common to many bacterial chitinases. The possibility that this chitinase is not primarily adapted for the environmental mineralisation of pre-formed chitin, but rather for the breakdown of nascent chitin, is discussed in the context of mushroom disease.O gene que codifica uma quitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 foi isolado de Ewingella americana, recentemente descrita como patógeno do cogumelo Agaricus bisporus. Este gene, denominado chiA (EMBL/Genebank/DDBJ número de acesso X9061, foi clonado e selecionado a partir de livraria genômica construída por digestão do DNA de E. americana com HindIII e ligação em plasmídio de expressão em E. coli, utilizando meio seletivo contendo quitina carboximetilada, corada com "remazol brilliant violet'' para seleção de clones. O gene chiA apresenta uma ORF de 918 bp, código terminador TAA, tendo o tamanho do polipeptídeo sido calculado como 33,2 kDa, o qual corresponde ao tamanho de 33 kDa da endoquitinase

amylase from cockroach, Periplaneta americana

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-08-04

Aug 4, 2008 ... The enzyme was stable up to 55°C and its pH stability was in range of 5.6 - 6.6. .... acrylamide gel and by gel filtration chromatography. Gel filtration .... Activity at 55 °C. Figure 8. Thermic inactivation at 37°C and 55°C of Periplaneta americana α-amylase. Thermal stability of the enzyme was followed for 1 h.

Dispersal of invasive Phytolacca americana seeds by birds in an urban garden in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ning; Yang, Wen; Fang, Shubo; Li, Xinhai; Liu, Zhanchen; Leng, Xin; An, Shuqing

2017-01-01

Although seed dispersal is a key process determining the regeneration and spread of invasive plant populations, few studies have explicitly addressed the link between dispersal vector behavior and seedling recruitment to gain insight into the invasion process within an urban garden context. We evaluated the role of bird vectors in the dispersal of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), a North American herb that is invasive in urban gardens in China. Fruiting P. americana attracted both generalist and specialist bird species that fed on and dispersed its seeds. The generalist species Pycnonotus sinensis and Urocissa erythrorhyncha were the most frequent dispersers. Seedling numbers of P. americana were strongly associated with the perching behavior of frugivorous birds. If newly recruited bird species use seedling-safe perching sites, the P. americana will regenerate faster, which would enhance its invasive potential. Based on our observations, we conclude that the 2 main bird vectors, P. sinensis and U. erythrorhyncha, provide potential effective dispersal agents for P. americana. Our results highlight the role of native birds in seed dispersal of invasive plants in urban gardens. © 2016 International Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

A Revista Ibero-Americana De Estratégia Em 2016 E 2017

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Fernando Antonio Ribeiro Serra

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Nestes últimos dois anos a Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia (RIAE – Iberoamerican Journal of Strategic Management (IJSM tem procurado aprimorar e consolidar as mudanças realizadas desde 2014. Este movimento não poderia acontecer sem que os autores, a quem agradecemos, apesar das diversas alternativas de periódicos onde submeter os seus trabalhos, tenham escolhido a RIAE/IJSM. Também não seria possível sem o esforço e dedicação dos revisores. Agradecemos aos nossos revisores, não só pela dedicação, mas pelo esforço que têm feito em melhorar a qualidade das revisões e apontar possibilidades de melhoria, mesmo para os artigos que por ventura não sejam aceitos.

Tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana pelo niridazol

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Miroslau Constante Baranski

1970-08-01

Full Text Available Foi empregue o niridazol um derivado do nitrotiazol, em doze pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Em todos êles, o diagnóstico clínico da doença foi confirmado pela biópsia das lesões e em oito dêles também pela positividade da intradetermorreação de Montenegro. Oito pacientes tinham lesões mucosas metastáticas em atividade e lesões cutâneas iniciais cicatrizadas há tempo mais ou menos longo. Dois apresentavam concomitância de lesões cutâneas e mucosas em atividade, e dois tinham lesões cutâneas exclusivas. A duração da doença variou de 2 meses a 32 anos. A posologia diária do niridazol foi uniformememente de 25 mg/kg de pêso corpóreo. O medicamento foi administrado por via oral, em duas tomadas diárias, sempre com o doente internado em hospital. Quando a tolerância o permitia, o paciente recebia cinco séries de tratamento de 10 dias de duração cada, intercaladas por períodos áe suspensão da droga de 10 dias entre uma série e outra. Isso foi possível em 10 dos 12 pacientes. O tratamento foi bem tolerado em 5 doentes e de tolerância regular em 4. Mal tolerado em um paciente pela ocorrência de alucinações e excitação mental e interrompido pela péssima tolerância em dois doentes devido ao aparecimento de convulsões generalizadas com perda da consciência. O tratamento acompanhou-se de grande incidência, de efeitos colaterais. A ocorrência de para-efeitos mais intensos não foi devida às más condições hepáticas. Provas de função hepática. hemogramas, estudos bioquímicos do sangue e exames de urina, realizados antes, durante e após o tratamento, não revelaram alterações significativas. Biópsias hepáticas por punção com agulha em dez doentes, prévias e posteriores ao tratamento, não detectaram lesões hepáticas que pudessem ser atribuídas à medicação. O seguimento dos doentes prolongou-se pelo prazo de dois a 36 meses apos o tratamento. Alterações eletrocardiogr

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) Reintroduction and Management Plan [DRAFT

Data.gov (United States)

Department of the Interior — Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) have been a component of North America’s grasslands for millions of years and have thus created a niche for themselves in remaining...

Cinética de inativação da polifenoloxidase e peroxidase de abacate (Persea americana Mill. Kinetic of inactivation of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase of avocado (Persea americana Mill.

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Rúbia Caroline Luíz

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Extratos enzimáticos foram preparados a partir da polpa de abacate (Persea americana Mill. dos cultivares Quintal, Fortuna e Choquete, em dois estádios de maturação (verde e maduro. A polpa de abacate (150,00g foi homogeneizada em liquidificador, com 300 mL de solução tampão fosfato de sódio 100mM em pH 7,4 para polifenoloxidase (PPO e pH 6,0 para peroxidase (POD. A peroxidase ionicamente ligada foi extraída usando solução de NaCl 1,0M, em tampão fosfato de sódio 100mM pH 6,0. Para o estudo da estabilidade térmica, os extratos foram submetidos a temperaturas de 60, 65, 70, 75 e 80ºC e por períodos que variaram de 1 à 10 minutos e a atividade enzimática foi determinada por espectrofotometria (lambda= 395nm para PPO e lambda= 460nm para POD. Pode-se observar que o declínio rápido da atividade das enzimas era maior nos primeiros quatro minutos e após esse período, com o aumento da temperatura e do tempo, a atividade continuou diminuindo, porém de forma mais lenta. A energia de ativação na faixa de temperatura estudada para as porções termolábil e termorresistente, apresentou valores dentro da faixa 12-100 kcal/mol.Enzymatic extracts were prepared from the avocado pulp (Persea americana Mill., using the cultivars Quintal, Fortuna and Choquete, in two different maturation stages (green and mature avocados. The avocado pulp (150,00g was homogenized in blender with 300 mL of sodium phosphate buffer 100mM at pH 7.4 for polyphenoloxidase (PPO and pH 6.0 for peroxidase (POD. The peroxidase ionically bound was extracted using NaCl solution 1.0M in sodium phosphate buffer 100mM pH 6.0. For the study of the thermal stability the extracts were submitted at temperatures of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80ºC for periods that had a variation from 1 to 10 minutes and the enzymatic activity was determined using a spectrophotometer (lambda= 395nm for PPO and lambda= 460nm for POD. It was possible to observe a fast decline of the enzyme activity in

A entrada de franquias americanas no Brasil: uma estratégia diferente

OpenAIRE

Gurtner, Werner Frank

2010-01-01

Escrita para o público americano, destaca peculiaridades administrativas e culturais do mercado brasileiro de fast food. Usa exemplos dos procedimentos de entrada de algumas franquias americanas e seus consequentes sucessos e fracassos. Concentra-se, particularnente, no desempenho administrativo destas franquias no Brasil. Discute estratégias alternativas para a expansão internacional futura das franquias americanas. Written for an American audience, highli...

Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions

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Kaira E.S. da Silva-Leite

Full Text Available Abstract Ximenia americana L., Olacaceae, barks are utilized in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity and antinociceptive effect of polysaccharides rich fractions from X. americana barks. The fractions were obtained by extraction with NaOH, followed by precipitation with ethanol and fractionation by ion exchange chromatography. They were administered i.v. or p.o. before nociception tests (writhing, formalin, carragenan-induced hypernociception, hot plate, or during 14 days for toxicity assay. The total polysaccharides fraction (TPL-Xa: 8.1% yield presented 43% carbohydrate (21% uronic acid and resulted in two main fractions after chromatography (FI: 12%, FII: 22% yield. FII showed better homogeneity/purity, content of 44% carbohydrate, including 39% uronic acid, arabinose and galactose as major monosaccharides, and infrared spectra with peaks in carbohydrate range for COO- groups of uronic acid. TPL-Xa (10 mg/kg and FII (0.1 and 1 mg/kg presented inhibitory effect in behavior tests that evaluate nociception induced by chemical and mechanical, but not thermal stimuli. TPL-Xa did not alter parameters of systemic toxicity. In conclusion, polysaccharides rich fractions of X. americana barks inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception, being well tolerated by animals.

Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae against Periplaneta americana(L.

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I Ling A

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory."nMethods: The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme."nResults: Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same con­centrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cock­roaches. Treatment with Resigen (R at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the fe­males, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach."nConclusion: Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peri­patetic americana. "nKeywords: Piper aduncum essential oil, Periplaneta americana, Adults, Nymphs

Physicochemical Properties of Avocado Pear (Persea americana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The oil from edible avocado pear (Persea americana) was extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method and characterized for specific gravity, refractive index, free fatty acids, saponification value, iodine value, acid value and biofuel potential using standard methods. The percent oil content in the fruit pulp was determined.

Evaluación del proceso de extracción de aceite de aguacate hass (Persea americana Mill) utilizando tratamiento enzimático

OpenAIRE

Buelvas Salgado, G. A; Patiño Gómez, J. H; Cano-Salazar, J. A

2012-01-01

Introducción. El aceite de aguacate es rico en vitaminas A, B, C y E, y está compuesto mayoritariamente por ácidos grasos monoinsaturados los cuales reducen de manera efectiva el nivel de colesterol en la sangre, ayudando en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Evaluar el rendimiento de extracción de aceite de aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill) en estado E3-M (maduro) procedente del Oriente Antioqueño, empleando complejos enzimáticos comerciales. Materiales y métodos. ...

Entamoeba struthionis n.sp. (Sarcomastigophora: Endamoebidae) from ostriches (Struthio camelus).

Science.gov (United States)

Ponce Gordo, F; Martínez Díaz, R A; Herrera, S

2004-02-06

In the present work we identify the species of Entamoeba from ostriches (Struthio camelus). The complete sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from this organism has been compared with those published for other species of the genus and clear differences have been found. These results confirm previous data which showed differences on parasite morphology and class of host with the other Entamoeba species. Taking all these data together, it can be concluded that the organism from ostriches is a new species whose proposed name is Entamoeba struthionis n.sp. This species probably infects rheas (Rhea americana), but genetic analysis of isolates from this host should be performed to confirm morphological data. Also, comparison of gene sequences with data from other authors on cysts recovered from human stool samples showed the possibility that this amoeba may affect humans. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of transmission of this new species to humans.

Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of the avian population from 1973 through 1983.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaneene, J B; Taylor, R F; Sikarskie, J G; Meyer, T J; Richter, N A

1985-12-01

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in birds at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. Data were derived from the zoo's medical and animal census records; the mean (+/- SD) population of birds during the study period was 469 +/- 42. Overall annual morbidity rates were 12.5% to 21.5%, with spring months having the highest morbidity rates. Annual mortality rates were 3.1% to 15.2%; 23.9% of the deaths were caused by microbial agents (particularly Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, hemolytic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Aeromonas spp and Proteus spp), 15.4% by trauma, and 42.5% by nondetermined causes. The mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), common gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), common rhea (Rhea americana), and red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) were the 5 species most frequently affected of the 1,032 deaths from 1973 through 1983. The most frequently isolated parasites were Microtetramere spp, coccidian species, Diplotriaena spp, and Trichomonia spp.

Swimming black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) Kleptoparasitize American coots (Fulica americana)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Graves, Gary R.

2015-01-01

I observed black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) swimming and kleptoparasitizing American coots (Fulica americana) at an artificial lake in Pinal County, Arizona. This appears to be the first record of interspecific kleptoparasitism by a swimming ardeid.......I observed black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) swimming and kleptoparasitizing American coots (Fulica americana) at an artificial lake in Pinal County, Arizona. This appears to be the first record of interspecific kleptoparasitism by a swimming ardeid....

De la independencia a la natural barbarie americana. Una lectura del Facundo de Domingo F. Sarmiento

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Maura Brighenti

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una lectura del "Facundo" de Domingo F. Sarmiento y, en particular, de su más general visión de la historia y de la realidad argentina y latinoamericana a partir del esquema dicotómico de civilización y barbarie que tendrá mucha suerte en las narraciones de los procesos del modernización latinoamericanos por lo menos hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A través del análisis de algunos entre los múltiples niveles narrativos del "Facundo" se quiere mostrar como tal imagen dicotómica se va cristalizando en el texto. Partiendo del espacio infinito y vacío de la pampa y pasando por una antropología del gaucho - de su manera de vivir y de conducir la guerra - Sarmiento conduce el lector hasta la forma típicamente americana de despotismo, el caudillismo, llegado en Argentina a su epopeya final con el régimen de Juan M. de Rosas. En la última parte se intenta injertar el esquema dicotómico del Facundo al interior de la más general reflexión del Occidente sobre la modernidad y sus alteridades, a través por un lado del prisma orientalista y por el otro de las mismas fuentes del pensamiento moderno europeo y en particular de Locke y Hobbes.

Malófagos (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera em aves cativas no sudeste do Brasil Chewing lice (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera on captive birds in southeastern Brazil

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Salete Oliveira da Silva

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Foram identificadas 12 espécies de malófagos no Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba e Fundação Jardim Zoológico, Rio de Janeiro. Ciconiphilus pectiniventris em Cygnus atratus (Anseriformes, Anatidae; Kurodaia sp. em Buteo albicaudatus (Falconiformes, Accipitridae; Degeeriella sp. em Falco sparverius (Falconiformes, Falconidae; Colpocephalum sp. e Goniocotes parviceps em Pavo cristatus (Galliformes, Phasianidae; Goniodes pavonis em Rhea americana (Rheiformes, Rheidae; Colpocephalum cristatae e Heptapsogaster sp. em Cariama cristata (Gruiformes, Cariamidae; Austrophilopterus cancellosus em Ramphastos dicolorus (Piciformes, Ramphastidae; Strigiphilus crucigerus em Otus choliba (Strigiformes, Strigidae; Kurodaia sp. em Rhinoptynx clamator (Strigiformes, Strigidae e Colpocephalum pectinatum em Speotyto cunicularia (Strigiformes, Strigidae. As relações parasito hospedeiros em Strigiformes são novas no Brasil.Twelve chewing lice species were identified in Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba and Fundação Jardim Zoológico, Rio de Janeiro. The parasites found were: Ciconiphilus pectiniventris in Cygnus atratus (Anseriformes, Anatidae; Kurodaia sp. in Buteo albicaudatus (Falconiformes, Accipitridae; Degeeriella sp. in Falco sparverius (Falconiformes, Falconidae; Colpocephalum sp. and Goniocotes parviceps in Pavo cristatus (Galliformes, Phasianidae; Goniodes pavonis in Rhea americana (Rheiformes, Rheidae; Colpocephalum cristatae and Heptapsogaster sp. in Cariama cristata (Gruiformes, Cariamidae; Austrophilopterus cancellosus in Ramphastos dicolorus (Piciformes, Ramphastidae; Strigiphilus crucigerus in Otus choliba (Strigiformes, Strigidae; Kurodaia sp. in Rhinoptynx clamator (Strigiformes, Strigidae and Colpocephalum pectinatum in Speotyto cunicularia (Strigiformes, Strigidae. The host-lice relationships are new in Strigiformes in Brazil.

Developmental ecdysteroid titers and DNA puffs in larvae of two sciarid species, Rhynchosciara americana and Rhynchosciara milleri (Diptera: Sciaridae).

Science.gov (United States)

Soares, M A M; Hartfelder, K; Tesserolli de Souza, J M; Stocker, A J

2015-10-01

Ecdysteroid titers, developmental landmarks and the presence of prominent amplifying regions (DNA puffs) have been compared during late larval to pupal development in four groups of Rhynchosciara americana larvae and in R. americana and Rhynchosciara milleri. Three prominent DNA puffs (B2, C3 and C8) expand and regress sequentially on the rising phase of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer in R. americana as a firm, cellular cocoon is being constructed. A sharp rise in 20E coincides with the regression of these puffs. The shape of the 20E curve is similar in R. milleri, a species that does not construct a massive cocoon, but the behavior of certain DNA puffs and their temporal relationship to the curve differs. Regions corresponding to B2 and C3 can be identified in R. milleri by banding pattern similarity with R. americana chromosomes and, in the case of B2, by hybridization to an R. americana probe. A B2 puff appears in R. milleri as the 20E titer rises but remains small in all gland regions. A puff similar to the R. americana C3 puff occurs in posterior gland cells of R. milleri (C3(Rm)) after the B2 puff, but this site did not hybridize to R. americana C3 probes. C3(Rm) incorporated (3)H-thymidine above background, but showed less post-puff DNA accumulation than C3 of R. americana. R. americana C8 probes hybridized to a more distal region of the R. milleri C chromosome that did not appear to amplify or form a large puff. These differences can be related to developmental differences, in particular differences in cocoon construction between the two species.

Simple Y-autosomal incompatibilities cause hybrid male sterility in reciprocal crosses between Drosophila virilis and D. americana.

Science.gov (United States)

Sweigart, Andrea L

2010-03-01

Postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. Here, I examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. From these analyses, I reach several conclusions. First, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal F(1) hybrid males are perfectly fertile. Second, later generation (backcross and F(2)) hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana is not polygenic. In fact, I identified only three genetically independent incompatibilities that cause hybrid male sterility. Remarkably, each of these incompatibilities involves the Y chromosome. In one direction of the cross, the D. americana Y is incompatible with recessive D. virilis alleles at loci on chromosomes 2 and 5. In the other direction, the D. virilis Y chromosome causes hybrid male sterility in combination with recessive D. americana alleles at a single QTL on chromosome 5. Finally, in contrast with findings from other Drosophila species pairs, the X chromosome has only a modest effect on hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana.

Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae) against Periplaneta americana (L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Ling A, I; Sulaiman, S; Othman, H

2009-01-01

The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory. The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R) 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme. Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same concentrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cockroaches. Treatment with Resigen (R) at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the females, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach. Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peripatetic americana.

Antidiabetic potential of methanol extracts from leaves of Piper umbellatum L. and Persea americana Mill.

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Guy Sedar Singor Njateng

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To determine inhibitory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Piper umbellatum and Persea americana (P. americana (traditionally used in Cameroon against diabetes on α -glucosidase, β -glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase, aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase activities, enzymes involved in starch digestion or diabetic complications. Methods: The methanol extracts from Piper umbellatum and P. americana were prepared by maceration. To assess relative efficacy of these extracts, the determination of concentrations that were needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity was done, whereas, gas chromatography-mass spectrum was used to identify components from extracts that may be responsible for the activities. Results: The tested extracts strongly inhibited α -glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase, aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase activities with IC50 ranging from (1.07 ± 0.03 to (31.77 ± 1.17 μg/mL. Among the tested extracts, P. americana was the most active against sensitive enzymes (IC50 of 1.07 ± 0.03 to 15.63 ± 1.23. But, none of the extracts showed interesting inhibitory effect against β -glucosidase as their percentage inhibitions were less than 16%. From gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis, 10 and 8 compounds were identified in Piper umbellatum and P. americana extracts respectively, using NIST library 2014. Conclusions: Results of this study provide the scientific credential for a prospective usage of these plants to treat diabetes.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Fraxinus americana hypocotyls

Science.gov (United States)

Kaitlin J. Palla; Paula M. Pijut

2015-01-01

An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system was successfully developed for white ash (Fraxinus americana) using hypocotyls as the initial explants. Hypocotyls isolated from mature embryos germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22.2 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 µM...

Drug interaction studies of Ximenia americana and Pavetta ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The therapeutic efficacy of single or multicomponent herbs is thought to reside in synergistic interactions between the bioactive constituents. The methanol extracts of X. americana and P. crassipes were initially screened against Gram positive and negative organisms as well as against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ...

Caracterización de algunos rasgos vegetativos y reproductivos en variedades de aguacate, Persea americana Mill.

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Escandón Gil Gonzalo

1989-12-01

Full Text Available En Palmira (Colombia entre 1984 y 1988 se caracterizó la colección de aguacate, Persia americana Mili. Se halló la ecuación de regresión AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (La -144, R2= 98.58 %, que permite estimar el área foliar (AF con el producto largo por ancho de las hojas (A. Las variedades Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simonds y los materiales 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 presentaron épocas de floración definidas, Trinidad y Material 2 presentaron floraciones bajas pero continuas. El porcentaje de flores que llegó a frutos osciló entre 0.03 % para Oriente 3 y 0.57 % para Trinidad. La mayor pérdida de estructuras reproductivas ocurrió en los primeros días de floración. El modelo logístico no describió correctamente el desarrollo de los frutos, por esto se utilizó el modelo de línea recta por fases. Los materiales 2 y 5 presentaron 105mayores pesos de frutos (621 y 626 g; el de menor peso fue Booth 8. La pérdida de peso del fruto durante la maduración fluctuó entre 3.5 Y 12.8 % para el material 2 y Oriente 3 respectivamente. Los materiales de mayor aceptación por la presentación del fruto y sabor fueron los materiales 1, 2 y 5.A collection of avocado, Persea americana Mill, was characterized in Palmira (Colombia between1984 and 1988. It was found that regretion equation AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (LA-144, R2 = 98.58 %, allows to estimate the foliar area with the product length x width of the leaves. The Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simmonds and Materia.1 2,3,4,5,6, varieties showed defined blooming time, Trinidad and Material 2 showed low and continue blooming times. The percentajes of flowers that matured in fruit fluctuated between 0.03 % of Oriente 3 and 0.57 % for Trinidad. The greater loss proportion of reproductive structures occurred during the first days of flowering. The logistic model did not describe the right developments of fruits, that is why a straight line model by stages was used. Material 2 and 5 showed the greatest fruit weights during

Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae against Periplaneta americana(L.

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I Ling A

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory.Methods: The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme.Results: Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same con­centrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cock­roaches. Treatment with Resigen (R at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the fe­males, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach.Conclusion: Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peri­patetic americana.

Memory Consolidation and Gene Expression in "Periplaneta Americana"

Science.gov (United States)

Strausfeld, Nicholas J.; Pinter, Marianna; Lent, David D.

2005-01-01

A unique behavioral paradigm has been developed for "Periplaneta americana" that assesses the timing and success of memory consolidation leading to long-term memory of visual-olfactory associations. The brains of trained and control animals, removed at the critical consolidation period, were screened by two-directional suppression subtractive…

A Case of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Ewingella americana : First Report from Turkey

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Kenan Ecemiş

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Ewingella americana is a very rare cause of serious infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP in an intensive care unit patient, who was treated successfully with ceftriaxone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of VAP due to Ewingella americana in the English literature.J Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 4(3: 118-120

Neuropharmacological and neuroprotective activities of some metabolites produced by cell suspension culture of Waltheria americana Linn.

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Mundo, Jorge; Villeda-Hernández, Juana; Herrera-Ruiz, Maribel; Gutiérrez, María Del Carmen; Arellano-García, Jesús; León-Rivera, Ismael; Perea-Arango, Irene

2017-10-01

Waltheria americana is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat some nervous system disorders. The aims of the present study were to isolate and determine the neuropharmacological and neurprotective activities of metabolites produced by a cell suspension culture of Waltheria americana. Submerged cultivation of W. americana cells provided biomass. A methanol-soluble extract (WAsc) was obtained from biomass. WAsc was fractionated yielding the chromatographic fractions 4WAsc-H 2 O and WAsc-CH 2 Cl 2 . For the determination of anticonvulsant activity in vivo, seizures were induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Neuropharmacological activities (release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and neuroprotection) of chromatographic fractions were determined by in vitro histological analysis of brain sections of mice post mortem. Fraction 4WAsc-H 2 O (containing saccharides) did not produce neuronal damage, neurodegeneration, interstitial tissue edema, astrocytic activation, nor cell death. Pretreatment of animals with 4WAsc-H 2 O and WAsc-CH 2 Cl 2 from W. americana cell suspensions induced an increase in: GABA release, seizure latency, survival time, neuroprotection, and a decrease in the degree of severity of tonic/tonic-clonic convulsions, preventing PTZ-induced death of up to 100% of animals of study. Bioactive compounds produced in suspension cell culture of W. americana produce neuroprotective and neuropharmacological activities associated with the GABAergic neurotransmission system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Genipa americana: prospecção tecnológica

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Selma Maria Santos Moura

2016-10-01

Full Text Available O jenipapo é uma árvore alta (10 a 15 metros, encontrada em regiões de clima tropical úmido, comum no nordeste brasileiro. Seu nome científico é Genipa americana L., jenipapo vem do Tupi-guarani jandipap, que significa fruto que serve para pintar. Apresenta caule reto, folhas verde-escuras, flores amarelo-ouro e o fruto na forma de baga ovoide, possui polpa marrom clara que envolve sementes no centro. Na alimentação humana, seu fruto é comestível ao natural e no preparo de doces, refrescos e vinho. É rico em ferro, vitaminas B1, B2, B5 e C, cálcio e hidratos de carbono. Na cultura popular têm indicações medicinais para o tratamento de afecções. Quando verde, o fruto fornece um suco azul muito utilizado como corante, transparente a princípio, o qual torna-se preto quando oxida, apresenta consistência do nanquim e no corpo, em contato com a pele, deixa manchas que desaparecem após uma semana ou mais, espontaneamente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica com relação à Genipa americana L., para apresentar uma visão geral sobre as tecnologias desenvolvidas relacionadas ao tema. Para isso realizou-se uma busca de patentes nas bases do European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office e no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial. Utilizando a palavra-chave Genipa americana L. foram registradas 88 patentes, quando acrescido à especificação corante encontrou-se 5 e nenhuma quando utilizou-se Genipa americana L. e célula. O Brasil registrou um número de patentes inferior ao encontrado nos USA e no Japão, sendo os anos de 2010, 2011 e 2015 os que apresentaram maior número. Ações integradas devem ser realizadas para estimular as instituições de fomento à pesquisa no intuito de viabilizar um ambiente propício à geração de inovações, fazendo do Brasil um país mais competitivo do ponto de vista tecnológico.  

Introducao e expansao da Leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos no estado de Sao Paulo, 1999-2011

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Marisa Furtado Mozini Cardim

2013-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar a expansão da ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos e identificar localidades prioritárias para o desenvolvimento de ações de vigilância e controle. MÉTODOS : A área de estudo constituiu-se dos 316 municípios do estado de São Paulo pertencentes às cinco regiões de saúde com ocorrência da leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos, utilizando os casos autóctones e óbitos, com ano de notificação e município de ocorrência. Calcularam-se taxas de incidência e de mortalidade e letalidade por município, por região e para a área de estudo. Utilizaram-se o estimador bayesiano empírico para obtenção de taxas de incidência e de mortalidade bayesianas locais para cada município e a krigagem para visualização da distribuição espacial das temperaturas e das precipitações pluviométricas. RESULTADOS : Foram detectados 73 municípios com transmissão da doença. As primeiras ocorrências deram-se em áreas com maiores temperaturas e menores pluviosidades, mas sua disseminação também ocorreu em áreas menos quentes e mais úmidas. A expansão da leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos apresentou um eixo principal de disseminação no sentido noroeste para sudeste, acompanhando a rodovia Marechal Rondon e o gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil, e um eixo secundário, na direção norte-sul, acompanhando a malha rodoviária. As taxas de incidência, segundo regiões de saúde, apresentaram um pico seguido de queda, com exceção da região de São José do Rio Preto. Observou-se maior concentração de municípios com altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade nas regiões de saúde de Araçatuba, Presidente Prudente e Marília. CONCLUSÕES : Possíveis fatores determinantes da expansão da doença incluíram a rodovia Marechal Rondon e a construção do gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil. Fatores climáticos pareceram não ter papel determinante nessa expansão. O uso de técnicas de análise espacial

The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts.

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Tinker, Kara A; Ottesen, Elizabeth A

2016-11-15

The omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana hosts a diverse hindgut microbiota encompassing hundreds of microbial species. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effect of diet on the composition of the P. americana hindgut microbial community. Results show that the hindgut microbiota of P. americana exhibit a highly stable core microbial community with low variance in compositions between individuals and minimal community change in response to dietary shifts. This core hindgut microbiome is shared between laboratory-hosted and wild-caught individuals, although wild-caught specimens exhibited a higher diversity of low-abundance microbes that were lost following extended cultivation under laboratory conditions. This taxonomic stability strongly contrasts with observations of the gut microbiota of mammals, which have been shown to be highly responsive to dietary change. A comparison of P. americana hindgut samples with human fecal samples indicated that the cockroach hindgut community exhibited higher alpha diversity but a substantially lower beta diversity than the human gut microbiome. This suggests that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for establishing and maintaining a diverse and stable core microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the overall health of its host. A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana. We found that P. americana hosts a diverse core gut microbiome that remains stable after drastic long-term changes in diet. While other insects, notably ant and bee species, have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a stable association with specific gut microbiota, these insects typically host low-diversity gut

A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA MULHER LATINO-AMERICANA: DA LITERATURA PARA O CINEMA

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de Amorim, Maria Inês Freitas; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

2015-01-01

As obras do escritor colombiano Gabriel García Márquez são reconhecidas pela presença de personagens femininas fortes e pela representação de elementos da cultura latino-americana. Já a indústria cinematográfica de Hollywood costuma representar a mulher latino-americana a partir de estereótipos, sobretudo relacionados à sensualidade e submissas às vontades da voz masculina. O romance de García Márquez El amor en los tiempos del cólera foi adaptado para o cinema pela industria estadunidense, ...

UN HELICTERES NUEVO DE MEXICO, NEXO ENTRE LAS ESPECIES ASIATICAS y AMERICANAS

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Carmen L. Cristóbal

1987-01-01

Full Text Available Una nueva especie, Helicteres vegae (Sterculiaceae, de Sinaloa, México es descripta e ilustrada. Se encontró el número de cromosomas 2n = 18. H. vegae se compara con el resto de las especies mexicanas y se proporciona una clave. Su afinidad con la de Asia y las especies americanas es discutida. H. vegae junto con H. Rekoí y H.carthagenensis se consideran las más diferenciadas de las especies americanas. Se propone una posible área de origen de América para Helicteres , incluido en esta área se encuentran los otros dos nuevos géneros mundiales de la tribu Helictereae.

Pensamento liberal e hegemonia norte-americana: a cultura política em Almond e Verba DOI10.5216/o.v14i1.27658

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José Henrique Singolano Néspoli

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo consiste num estudo da história do pensamento político contemporâneo e dedica-se particularmente à análise do conceito de cultura política desenvolvido por Gabriel Almond e Sidney Verba na obra A cultura cívica, publicada em 1963. A partir dessa referência, o conceito se espalhou por diversas áreas do conhecimento e a cultura política se transformou num dos mais importantes conceitos do período pós II Guerra Mundial. Esse estudo tem por objetivo analisar as concepções teóricas e práticas presentes no conceito de cultura política em seu contexto de origem, de modo que, por um lado, procura-se identificar as principais referências intelectuais e debates teóricos que contribuíram para delimitar o conceito, por outro lado, pretende analisar os desdobramentos práticos do conceito, buscando compreender as orientações do conceito para a política do pós-guerra. Em ambos os aspectos, o conceito de cultura política de Almond e Verba representou um instrumento da hegemonia norte-americana no contexto da Guerra Fria. hegemonia Estados Unidos.

State of the art knowledge in adrenocortical and behavioral responses to environmental challenges in a threatened South American ratite: Implications to in situ and ex-situ conservation.

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Luis, Navarro Joaquín; Lèche, Alvina; Costa, Natalia S Della; Cortez, Marilina Vera; Marin, Raúl H; Martella, Mónica B

2018-04-12

The Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is an endemic ratite to South America, whose wild populations have undergone a remarkable decrease due to habitat degradation and fragmentation by the expansion of the agricultural frontier, poaching and predation by dogs. Anthropogenic perturbations in wild environments, as well as the management in captivity, can generate different stress responses in this species, thus, the monitoring of adrenocortical and behavioral activities are considered primary assessment tools with both conservation and welfare implications. In this review we analyze and integrate the different measurements of glucocorticoids (in plasma, feces, and yolk) carried out in different captive and wild populations, taking into account the diverse predictable and unpredictable conditions to which the Greater Rhea responds in each of those environments. In addition, the translocation of this bird is presented as an application of stress physiology in field ecology for conservation purposes, in which we evaluated how this species responds when it is released into a novel environment. Our results indicate that this ratite has a striking high sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to that of other bird species and shows a wide variety of adrenocortical responses depending on the environment in which it lives. This suggests that its HPA axis has a phenotypic plasticity that enables the rhea to cope with the environmental challenges. In this sense, we propose that one of the routes of this plasticity could be mediated by the maternal transfer of steroid hormones to the egg. Finally, we discuss the importance of integrating the monitoring of the adrenocortical response along with the environmental variables that define the life history of the species, in management and conservation programs ex-situ and in situ. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Early thermal history of Rhea: the role of serpentinization and liquid state convection

Science.gov (United States)

Czechowski, Leszek; Losiak, Anna

2015-04-01

Intorduction: Thermal history of Rhea from the beginning of accretion is investigated. The numerical model of convection combined with the parameterized theory is developed. Melting of the satellite's matter, gravitational differentiation and serpentinization of silicates are included. The role of the following parameters of the model is investigated: time of beginning of accretion, duration of accretion, viscosity of ice close to the melting point, activation energy in the formula for viscosity E, thermal conductivity of silicate component, ammonia content X, and energy of serpentinization. 1. Numerical model: In our calculations we use numerical model developed by Czechowski (2012) (see e.g. description in [1]). The model is based on parameterized theory of convection combined with 1-dimensional equation of the heat transfer in spherical coordinates: δT(r,t)- ρcp δt = div(k(r,T ) gradT (r,t))+ Q(r,T), where r is the radial distance (spherical coordinate), ρ is the density [kg m-3], cp [J kg1 K-1 ] is the specific heat, Q [W kg-1] is the heating rate, and k[W m-1 K-1] is the thermal conductivity. Q(r,t) includes sources and sinks of the heat. The equation is solved in time dependent region [0, R(t)]. During accretion the radius R(t) increases in time according to formula: R(t) = atfor tini tac , i.e. after the accretion (see e.g. [2]), where tinidenotes beginning of accretion and tac denotes duration of this process. If the Rayleigh number in the considered layer exceeds its critical value Racr then convection starts. It leads to effective heat transfer. The full description of convection is given by a velocity field and temperature distribution. However, we are interested in convection as a process of heat transport only. For solid state convection (SSC) heat transport can be described by dimensionless Nusselt number Nu. We use the following definition of the Nu: Nu= (True total surface heat flow)/(Total heat flow without convection). The heat transport by

Genetic characterisation of avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) in two ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a nutritious and economic tree crop with cultivations scattered all over Ghana. Although, there have been some genetic diversity research on this crop in some parts of the world, rather limited research has been done on avocado in Ghana. A study was therefore conducted to assess its ...

Comparação de informações sobre saúde das populações brasileira e norte-americana baseada em dados da PNAD/98 e NHIS/96

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Beltrão Kaizô Iwakami

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho comparam-se informações sobre o estado de saúde geral referido das populações brasileira e norte-americana, desagregado por grupo etário, sexo e raça/cor. São comparadas, também desagregadas da mesma forma, taxas de prevalência de morbidades selecionadas, a saber: artrite/reumatismo, diabetes, bronquite/asma, hipertensão e doenças do coração. Os dados concernentes à população brasileira são oriundos do suplemento saúde da PNAD/1998, e os relativos à norte-americana, da NHIS/1996. Em linhas gerais, com respeito ao estado de saúde referido, as mulheres se declaram em pior estado em ambos os países, e os brasileiros se declaram em pior situação. Com respeito à morbidade, não há comportamento comum, e padrões de diferença raça/cor e sexo, via de regra, não se reproduzem igualmente para os dois países.

Leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana: encuesta epidemiológica en una comunidad indígena

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Martha Wolff

1988-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico sobre Leishmaniasis tegumentarla americana (LTA en 809 personas del Resguardo Indígena de San Andrés de Sotavento, Departamento de Córdoba, foco endémico tanto de Leishmaniasis cutánea como de Leishmaniasis visceral. La distribución por sexo de la población encuestada fue de 355 (43,9% hombres y 454 (56, 1% mujeres; sus índices alérgicos fueron de 36,9% y 40,5% respectivamente. La positividad de la Intradermorreacción de Montenegro ascendió en personas de ambos sexos, a medida que aumentó la edad. El índice parasitario fue de 0.37%. La especie de Lutzomyia más frecuente en el intra y peridomicilio fue la Lu. evansi que mostró comportamiento antropofílico. Se encontró una alta exposición de la población general al vector dada la facilidad de penetración de los flebotomineos alintradomicilio, por el tipo de construcción de las viviendas; además, al no existir servicios sanitarios, acueductos ni alcantarillados Intradomiciliarios, todo el núcleo familiar debe desplazarse al peridomicilio para la disposición de excretas y en busca del agua. Otros hallazgos fueron el gran desconocimiento sobre la etiología y tratamiento de la Leishmaniasis y las pésimas condiciones sociales y económicas de la región.

American Narcissus: Lacanian Reflections on DeLillo’s Americana

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Graley Herren

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Don DeLillo’s first novel, 'Americana' (1971, is assembled from a toolkit of psychological tropes. Critics have long recognized the novel’s debts to (and parodies of Sigmund Freud, leading one critic to dub protagonist David Bell as “the American Oedipus.” The present article reconsiders the novel from the perspective of Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theories. Several of Lacan’s key concepts—including his seminal articulation of the Mirror Stage, his revisions to Freud’s Oedipus Complex, his emphasis on lack as the engine of desire, as well as his reflections on dreams, fantasies, and the gaze—help shed new light on DeLillo’s splintered portrait of postmodern subjectivity in 'Americana'. The article uses Lacan to explain how and why each of David Bell’s attempts at indulging his incestuous maternal desires ends in disappointment, with particular emphasis on his three failed attempts at restaging the primal scene. Lacanian psychology provides a conceptual framework and useful taxonomy for understanding the shifting desires, misrecognitions, obfuscations, deflections, projections, and self-reflections of the American Narcissus, David Bell.

Biologi Perbungaan Tanaman Avokad (Persea Americana Mill.)

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SUKAMTO, L. AGUS

1985-01-01

L. AGUS SUKAMTO 1985.The flowering biology of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Berita Biologi 3 (1) 8 - H.- A study on the flowering biology of avocado available at Bogor Botanic Garden was made.The observation was conducted in respects to the opening and closing of the flowers, the versality of the pollen grains which are then related to the fruit production.The climatic condition as well as pollination agents which may affect on the vertilization in avocado are also discussed.

Do GIZ ao AVA: a importância de um centro virtual de ensino de língua e cultura hispano-americana para discentes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Salvador-Bahia

OpenAIRE

Elissandro dos Santos Santana

2013-01-01

Este trabalho é fruto de um projeto de intervenção e de lei em torno das contribuições de um Centro Virtual de Ensino Língua e Cultura Hispano-americana para discentes da rede pública de ensino da cidade do Salvador, Bahia. Para tanto, optou-se por uma pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio do levantamento de fontes primárias e secundárias, com vistas à fundamentação necessária para a consubstanciação de um plano de caráter interventivo que culminou em um trabalho de conclusão de especialização em ...

Pathogenicity of Aspergillus westerdijkiae to females and oothecae of Periplaneta Americana

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Mariah Valente Baggio

2016-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Cockroach control is performed by the application of chemical insecticides which exert high selective pressure on populations and introduces synthetic substances in the environment, motivating the search for other methods of control such as entomopathogenic fungi. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pathogenicity of the JAB 42 Aspergillus westerdijkiae to females and oothecae of Periplaneta americana and to demonstrate its mechanism of action on oothecae. Suspensions containing 106 to 108 conidia/ml were used to infect females and oothecae. Mortality and other variables such as scanning electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the mechanism of action of the fungus. The isolated JAB 42 A. westerdijkiae is pathogenic to oothecae of P. americana, with low capacity to kill females. Adhesion, germination, penetration and extrusion of the fungus on the cockroach oothecae were observed.

Cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos

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Ariane Maria Fonseca MIRANDA

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Uma variante da cefaleia crônica diária, a cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos é uma manifestação clínica de frequência ≥ 15 dias por mês, durante 3 meses. Possui um diagnóstico deficiente e um tratamento dividido em etapas, sendo a desintoxicação, a etapa de fundamental importância. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre o tema, contribuindo para o esclarecimento das principais manifestações clínicas, principais teorias envolvendo sua fisiopatologia e a terapêutica farmacológica empregada. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão de publicações europeias e americanas, no período de 2001 a 2013, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Todos os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento sintomático das cefaleias são capazes de cronificar uma cefaleia preexistente, desde que sejam utilizados excessivamente, de forma regular e continuada. A suspensão de tais agentes terapêuticos resultará em melhoria na maioria dos pacientes, porém pode ser necessária a introdução de uma terapia de suporte de transição e/ou terapia profilática. Os tratamentos nao farmacológicos, quando associados ao farmacológico, ampliam a possibilidade de resultados satisfatórios, evitando recaídas.

Analgesic effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea Americana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Persea americana, Mill (Lauraceae) is one of the medicinal plants used in Nigeria for pain relief. Based on its ethnomedicinal use in pain management, the seed of the plant was extracted with distilled water and screened for analgesic activity. The analgesic screening was done in mice using four models: acetic ...

Antioxidant neolignans from Cordia americana.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández, Lucía R; Cirigliano, Adriana; Fabani, María P; Lima, Beatriz; Alberti, Sebastián; Kramer, Fernando; Tapia, Alejandro A; Cabrera, Gabriela; Palermo, Jorge A; Sánchez, Marianela

2013-12-01

Five new neolignans with a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene framework were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the bark of Cordia americana. The structures and relative configurations of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds showed good antioxidant activities in the DPPH radical scavenging (0.5-100 µg/mL) and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 1-100 µg/mL) assays. One of the compounds displayed mild fungistatic activity at 0.1 µmol/spot against Fusarium virguliforme while, at the same time, all compounds were inactive against several strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria at all assayed concentrations (10-1,000 µg/mL). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Estudios sobre Trypanosomiasis americana en el Perú. Observaciones en el departamento de Ica

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Víctor M Ayulo Robles

1946-01-01

Full Text Available Hemos comprobado la presencia de Triatomas en las ciudades de Ica y Nazca. Los Triatomas encontrados en esas localidades son de la especie del Triatoma Infestans. Las observaciones del contenido intestinal de los Triatomas capturados en ambas ciudades reveló que ellos no se encuentran infestados; lo que hace sospechar que estos insectos procedan de la Ciudad de Arequipa. Los exámenes de sangre en fresco, gota gruesa y frotis coloreados por el método de Giemsa en 174 personas y 32 animales, así como las pruebas de Desviación del Complemento (Reacción de GUERREIRO Y MACHADO e intradermo-reacción en las 174 personas, fueron negativas; lo que demuestra que actualmente no existe la Enfermedad de Chagas en el Departamento de Ica. Dada la presencia de Triatomas en Ica y Nazca y la existencia de la Enfermedad de Chagas en Vitor, Sihuas y Quishuarani del Departamento de Arequipa no se excluye la posibilidad de que posteriormente se haga presente la Trypanosomiasis americana, también, en esas zonas.

Maternal diet during pregnancy and micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in mothers and newborns (Rhea cohort, Crete)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

O'Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina; Kogevinas, Manolis; Pedersen, Marie

2018-01-01

PURPOSE: The study assessed whether diet and adherence to cancer prevention guidelines during pregnancy were associated with micronucleus (MN) frequency in mothers and newborns. MN is biomarkers of early genetic effects that have been associated with cancer risk in adults. METHODS: A total of 188...... mothers and 200 newborns from the Rhea cohort (Greece) were included in the study. At early-mid pregnancy, we conducted personal interviews and a validated food frequency questionnaire was completed. With this information, we constructed a score reflecting adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund...... exposure to genotoxics during pregnancy might affect differently mothers and newborns. The predictive value of MN as biomarker for childhood cancer, rather than adulthood, remains unclear. With few exceptions, the association between maternal carcinogenic exposures during pregnancy and childhood cancer...

Modelos de educação geral na experiência universitária americana

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José Camilo dos Santos Filho

2010-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2010v3n1p57   Em conseqüência da descentralização e da flexibilidade do sistema de educação superior e da grande autonomia das instituições universitárias nos Estados Unidos, não há obrigação legal de adoção de um programa de educação geral comum ou padrão para todo o país ou para todo um Estado da Federação. Por um lado, as instituições gozam de ampla liberdade e autonomia para conceberem seus programas de educação geral, o que tem levado a uma considerável variedade de abordagens institucionais da educação geral. Por outro lado, esse processo não impositivo tem levado ao longo do tempo a uma progressiva homogeneização básica de pressuposições e padrões semelhantes, mediante o processo de imitação dos programas das instituições de maior prestígio nacional. Robert Newton (2000 destaca esse caráter descentralizador e flexível da educação superior americana e a existência de quase tantos programas de educação geral quantos são os `colleges` e universidades do país. No entanto, acredita que, descartando-se os detalhes desses programas, podem emergir certas pressuposições e padrões esclarecedores. Desse modo, Newton propõe três abordagens que, no seu entender, podem fornecer um contexto para o planejamento, a compreensão e o aprimoramento de programas de educação geral. Os três modelos de educação geral dominantes atualmente nas universidades e ´colleges´ americanos são: o modelo centrado na disciplina acadêmica, o centrado nos Grandes Livros e o centrado na formação do cidadão efetivo. O propósito deste trabalho é analisar esses três modelos de educação geral adotados por essas instituições, destacando suas raízes históricas e as características básicas de cada um, à luz dos princípios subjacentes aos programas de educação geral. Cabe salientar que a discussão teórica e a prática efetiva de mais de cem anos de educação geral

Desidratação osmótica do jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

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Andrade Samara Alvachian Cardoso

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O processo de desidratação osmótica foi aplicado ao Jenipapo (Genipa americana L., para reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, diversificar o seu aproveitamento industrial e obter um produto com boas características organolépticas e boa estabilidade microbiológica. Os frutos foram adquiridos na feira livre de Afogados, na região metropolitana do Recife, nas condições em que são comercializados, subdivididos em cubos e submetidos a diversas condições de processamento, segundo planejamento fatorial 2³ de modo a determinar a influência das variáveis independentes: temperatura, tipo de açúcar e concentração do agente osmótico sobre a perda de umidade, ganho de açúcar e redução de peso. O processo foi complementado por secagem em estufa, com ventilação forçada a 60ºC±5ºC, por 3h±10', seguida do acondicionamento do produto em embalagem de polietileno e armazenamento à temperatura ambiente (28ºC±3ºC, por 90 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que: os produtos obtidos apresentaram significativa incorporação de sólidos; nenhuma das respostas foi influenciada pelo tipo de açúcar empregado, diferentemente da concentração do agente osmótico que além de refletir sobre todas elas, interagiu com a temperatura influindo sobre a perda de umidade; durante o armazenamento, os produtos apresentaram-se microbiologicamente estáveis, sem diferenças significativas, no que concerne às características organolépticas, embora os escores demonstrem uma preferência pelo produto obtido a partir de 60ºBrix, 60ºC e mistura de açúcar demerara e cristal. A elevada incorporação de sólidos ocorrida aponta para necessidade de proceder à otimização do produto com vista a sua redução.

Acute toxicity and genotoxic activity of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass).

Science.gov (United States)

Padilla-Camberos, Eduardo; Martínez-Velázquez, Moisés; Flores-Fernández, José Miguel; Villanueva-Rodríguez, Socorro

2013-01-01

The use of vegetal extracts requires toxicological and genotoxic evaluations to establish and verify safety before being added to human cosmetic, pharmaceutical medicine, or alimentary products. Persea americana seeds have been used in traditional medicine as treatment for several diseases. In this work, the ethanolic seed extract of Persea americana was evaluated with respect to its genotoxic potential through micronucleus assay in rodents. The frequency of micronuclei in groups of animals treated with avocado seed extract showed no differences compared to the negative control (vehicle); therefore, it is considered that the avocado seed extract showed no genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test.

Manganese uptake and interactions with cadmium in the hyperaccumulator-Phytolacca Americana L

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng Kejian [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China); Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Changsha 410004 (China); Luo Chunling [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong); You Wuxin [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China); Lian Chunlan [Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002 (Japan); Li Xiangdong [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Shen Zhenguo [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China)], E-mail: zgshen@njau.edu.cn

2008-06-15

In the present study, the accumulation of Mn and other metals by Phytolacca Americana L. from contaminated soils in Hunan Province, South China, was investigated. Results showed that the average concentrations of Mn in the leaves and roots reached 2198 and 80.4 mg kg{sup -1} (dry weight), respectively, with a maximum 13,400 mg kg{sup -1} in the leaves. A significant correlation was found between Mn concentrations in the plant leaves and those in the corresponding soils. Hydroponic experiments were also conducted to study the Cd uptake ability and interactions between Mn and Cd in the plant. It was found that P. americana hyperaccumulated not only Mn, but also Cd in the leaves. In the presence of Cd, adding Mn to the solution significantly improved the plant growth and reduced the concentrations of Cd in all organs of the plant.

Race, Interracial Admixture and Genetic Differentiation of Avocado (Persea americana Mill)

Science.gov (United States)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a major tropical fruit crop native to Mesoamerica and domesticated around 8000 to 7000 BC. It is a member of the Laureace family and currently classified into three subspecies or races: Guatemalan (G), Mexican (M) and West Indian (WI) according to their ecological...

Distribution and characterization of Heterobilharzia americana in dogs in Texas.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, J Y; Lewis, B C; Snowden, K F

2014-06-16

Heterobilharzia americana is a trematode parasite (family Schistosomatidae) that infects a wide range of wild mammalian hosts. Canine cases have been reported in the Gulf coast and south Atlantic states, Kansas, and Oklahoma. A total of 238 canine H. americana cases in Texas were retrospectively collected for a period of approximately 22 years from case records at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital pathology service, diagnostic parasitology service, and Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Of these cases, 26 patients had 1-2 repeat positive tests for a total of 268 positive tests (26 biopsies, 39 necropsies, 160 fecal examinations, and 43 PCR). Multiple dogs were infected in 12 households. Cases were distributed primarily in the eastern region of Texas in 42 of 254 counties. Cases were seen as far west as Kerr county and in counties bordering Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico. The median dog age was 5.6 years (2.7 months to 17.2 years) and the median weight was 20.5 kg (1-61.6 kg). All American Kennel Club (AKC) breed groups were represented (n=186): crossbred (20%), herding (17.8%), sporting (16.1%), toy (10.8%), hounds (10.8%), working (10.1%), terrier (8.5%), non-sporting (4.9%), and miscellaneous (1%). No seasonal pattern of diagnosis was apparent. Clinical signs reported (n=90) were diarrhea (67%), weight loss (38%), anorexia/hyporexia (27%), vomiting (22%), hematochezia (20%), lethargy (17%), polyuria/polydipsia (6%), and collapse (3%). In 39 necropsy cases, trematode eggs were identified by histopathology in the small intestine (84%), liver (84%), large intestine (39%), pancreas (35%), lung (9%), lymph node (8%), spleen (4%), and stomach (3%). Adult parasites were identified histologically in four cases. Granulomatous inflammation associated with the eggs was the most commonly reported histopathologic change. Other changes reported

Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Avocado Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Padilla-Camberos

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The use of vegetal extracts requires toxicological and genotoxic evaluations to establish and verify safety before being added to human cosmetic, pharmaceutical medicine, or alimentary products. Persea americana seeds have been used in traditional medicine as treatment for several diseases. In this work, the ethanolic seed extract of Persea americana was evaluated with respect to its genotoxic potential through micronucleus assay in rodents. The frequency of micronuclei in groups of animals treated with avocado seed extract showed no differences compared to the negative control (vehicle; therefore, it is considered that the avocado seed extract showed no genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test.

Identification of Heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog residing in Indiana with no history of travel.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Jessica Y; Camp, Joseph W; Lenz, Stephen D; Kazacos, Kevin R; Snowden, Karen F

2016-04-01

A 1-year-old castrated male dog residing in Indiana was examined because of intermittent vomiting of 4 months' duration. The dog's condition did not resolve with medication. Diagnostic imaging revealed a possible partial obstruction at the ileocecal junction. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. The jejunum contained diffusely distributed, nodular, intramural lesions; 2 biopsy specimens were collected from representative lesions. The pancreas was grossly swollen, and pancreatitis was presumed present. No other abnormalities were observed in the abdomen. Histologic examination of the submitted biopsy specimens revealed infection with Heterobilharzia americana. After diagnosis, the dog was treated with fenbendazole suspension (48 mg/kg [21.8 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) for 10 days. This treatment was subsequently repeated 11 and 80 days later. One week after the end of the last fenbendazole treatment, several H americana eggs were detected in a fecal sample via saline sedimentation, and the dog was given praziquantel (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) for 2 days. No gastrointestinal signs were evident 4 months after that treatment. The dog described in this report was the first autochthonous canine case of H americana infection in Indiana, to the authors' knowledge; this case has confirmed that the distribution of this parasite in the Midwestern United States is broader than previously known. Increased awareness of the distribution of H americana should aid veterinarians in early, noninvasive diagnosis and appropriate treatment of affected animals. Repeated treatments and recheck fecal examinations may be necessary when managing these cases.

Effects of Persea americana leaf extracts on body weight and liver ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGO

2007-04-16

Apr 16, 2007 ... weight of either aqueous or methanolic extract of P. americana leaf daily for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the overall body weight gain of the hyperlipidaemic rats compared to normal control. However, the administration of the aqueous and methanolic extracts provoked 14 and.

Restrição hídrica em sementes de Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

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Allívia Rouse Ferreira dos Santos

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O jenipapo, originário da América Latina, pertence à família Rubiaceae e apresenta valor madeireiro e alimentício, sendo explorado sem estratégias de conservação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da restrição hídrica, por meio de duas metodologias, na germinação de sementes de Genipa americana L. A primeira foi realizada com sementes imersas em soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000 por 18 dias a 0,0; -0,1; -0,3 e -0,4 MPa à 20ºC, simulando condições de alagamento, e após este período as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas de Petri com folhas de papel tipo mata-borrão umedecidas em água. A segunda utilizou os mesmos potenciais osmóticos umedecendo-se os papéis tipo mata-borrão, para simular a restrição hídrica. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições de 25 sementes. Para as sementes imersas em soluções de PEG, o potencial -0,3MPa permite condicionamento osmótico, enquanto à -0,4MPa interfere no vigor. Para as sementes embebidas em papel, ocorre redução da germinação em função do tempo, até não se observar eventos para potenciais a partir de -0,3 MPa.

Vascular riffle flora of Appalachian streams: the ecology and effects of acid mine drainage on Justificia americana (L. ) Vahl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koryak, M.; Reilly, R.J.

1984-06-01

Justicia americana is a stout-based colonial plant, abundant in most of the larger, low to moderate gradient streams of the upper Ohio River basin. The distribution of J. americana is related to acid drainage from bituminous coal mining operations in the upper Ohio River drainage basin. Possible fluvial and biological consequences of the colonization or absence of Justicia are considered. Luxuriant growths were noted on gravel bars and riffles of larger, unpolluted streams in the basin. Acid mine drainage severely depresses the growth of the plant, leaving gravel shoals and riffles in the acid streams either barren or dominated by other emergent species. Particular among these new species is Elecocharis acicularis. The elimination of J. americana from suitable habitat adversely affects channel morphology, substrate composition, general aesthetic quality and aquatic stream life in the region. 16 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.

Reflexões sobre as Independências Ibero-americanas

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Manuel Chust

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é refletir acerca do tema das independências iberoamericanas do século XIX como objeto historiográfico, considerando-o em tempos e espaços amplos, gerais e de dimensões européias e americanas. Resgatando algumas das principais teses a respeito formuladas nas últimas quatro décadas, pretende-se examinar algumas posições em voga no momento, considerando-se a efervescência historiográfica anunciada pelas comemorações dos bicentenários no mundo ibérico.

Establishing of Agave Americana industry in South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Boguslavsky, A

2007-09-01

Full Text Available of the sisal decorticator was therefore modified to make it more suitable for the processing of Agave Americana leaves. Steel side plates were attached to the rotor to prevent the blockage of the machine. The feeding tray and beater bars were modified... to accommodate the side plates of the enlarged rotor. For added operator safety, a “tunnel” guard was also added the feeding tray through which the leaves are fed. The size of this was such that the Agave leaf could fit into it but without any space...

Effect of an admixture from Agave americana on the physical and mechanical properties of plaster

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ochoa, J. C.

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Physical and mechanical properties of a plaster paste added with an organic admixture, of the leaves of Agave americana, were studied. Plastic consistency behavior was evaluated and the water/gypsum(w/g ratio was determined for each dosage of the admixture. Admixtur eeffect on setting was evaluated too. The chemical transformation of the hemihydrated form to gypsum (dihydrated form was studied using a novel technique based on a moisture analyzer by halogen light. Flexural and compressive strengths were measured. The results show that ,for the same consistency, accordingly mechanical strengths were improved too. The setting times were increased which would enhance the application time of plaster and would reduce plastic shrinkage, common problems in this type of material. The changes in these physical properties not substantially affect the final mechanical strengths.

Se estudiaron algunas propiedades físicas y mecánicas de pastas de yeso de construcción adicionadas con un aditivo de origen orgánico, producto de las hojas de la planta Agave americana. Se evaluó el comportamiento plástico de la pasta mediante ensayos de consistencia y se determinó, para cada dosificación, su relación agua/ yeso (a/y. Se evaluó la incidencia del aditivo en los tiempos de fraguado. La transformación química del hemihidrato a yeso dihidrato se estudió mediante una novedosa técnica basada en un analizador de humedad por luz halógena. Se midieron las resistencias mecánicas a flexo-tracción y a compresión. Los resultados del estudio muestran que, para una misma consistencia, se mejoran las resistencias mecánicas. Los tiempos de fraguado de la pasta se aumentaron lo que ayudaría mejorar los tiempos de aplicación del yeso y a disminuir las retracciones plásticas. Las modificaciones de estas propiedades físicas no afectan considerablemente las resistencias mecánicas finales.

EL CARBONATO DE CALCIO Y SUS IMPLICANCIAS EN EL ANÁLISIS DE CONJUNTOS ARQUEOFAUNÍSTICOS. EL CASO LAGUNA EL DOCE (DEPARTAMENTO GENERAL LÓPEZ, PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE/The calcium carbonate and its implications for the analysis ofarchaeological faunal samples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimena Cornaglia Fernández

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Es frecuente que, bajo determinadas condiciones, se depositen concreciones de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3 sobre las superficies óseas de los huesos recuperados en sitios arqueológicos. En el presente trabajo se expone el análisis de los efectos tafonómicos de una muestra de especímenes óseos faunísticos procedentes del sitio arqueológico Laguna El Doce, sin limpiar y tras la remoción del carbonato de calcio, con el objeto de evaluar cómo influye la depositación de CaCO3 en el relevamiento de variables antrópicas y naturales, y ver en qué medida puede incrementar -o no- las observaciones de dichas variables. Para este trabajo se seleccionaron los taxones más representados en el conjunto y que registraron evidencias de haber sido ingresados antrópicamente al sitio [venado (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, ñandú (Rhea americana, guanaco (Lama guanicoe y Artiodactyla; NISP total= 1814]. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar un incremento significativo en la frecuencia de agentes tafonómicos naturales (i.e. acción de roedores y raíces y antrópicos, además de la observación de otras variables de interés para el análisis arqueofaunístico como la meteorización, las depositaciones de manganeso, entre otras.   Abstract   Often, under certain conditions, concretions of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 appear on the surface of bone specimens recovered from archaeological sites. In order to assess how the deposition of CaCO3 influences the identification of anthropogenic and natural variables, and to see how far this can increase –or not- the observations of these variables, this paper presents an analysis of the taphonomic effects on a faunal sample from the archaeological site Laguna El Doce after the removal of calcium carbonate. The most represented taxa in the assemblage and those which contained evidence of anthropic modifications were selected [pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, rhea (Rhea americana, guanaco (Lama guanicoe and

One pot phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Genipa americana fruit extract and its biological applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Brajesh; Smita, Kumari; Cumbal, Luis; Camacho, Javier; Hernández-Gallegos, Elisabeth; Guadalupe Chávez-López, María de; Grijalva, Marcelo; Andrade, Kleber

2016-01-01

In this article, rapid one pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using an eco-friendly extract of Genipa americana L. fruit is described. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies demonstrated that small molecules such as genipin, genipaol, geniposide and ranolazine can act as reducer as well as stabilizers. The monodispersed, spherical GNPs were further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy at λ max = 535 nm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This synthetic approach offers a greener and alternate route to the preparation of GNPs free from toxic chemical components and stable for 6–7 months under room temperature. The green synthesized GNPs showed weak antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and no cytotoxicity against A-549 and HeLa human cancer cell lines, from lung and cervix. This study opens a new industrial scope of G. americana fruit in nanoscience and as surface modified GNPs can be developed into a successful drug carrier for future pharmaceutical products. - Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by Genipa americana fruit extract. • TEM-DLS analysis confirmed that the average particle size is 30.4 ± 14.9 nm. • Nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant and no cytotoxicity activity.

One pot phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Genipa americana fruit extract and its biological applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Brajesh, E-mail: krmbraj@gmail.com [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Smita, Kumari; Cumbal, Luis [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Camacho, Javier [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Farmacología, C.P. 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Hernández-Gallegos, Elisabeth; Guadalupe Chávez-López, María de [Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Farmacología, C.P. 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Grijalva, Marcelo; Andrade, Kleber [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador)

2016-05-01

In this article, rapid one pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using an eco-friendly extract of Genipa americana L. fruit is described. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies demonstrated that small molecules such as genipin, genipaol, geniposide and ranolazine can act as reducer as well as stabilizers. The monodispersed, spherical GNPs were further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy at λ{sub max} = 535 nm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This synthetic approach offers a greener and alternate route to the preparation of GNPs free from toxic chemical components and stable for 6–7 months under room temperature. The green synthesized GNPs showed weak antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and no cytotoxicity against A-549 and HeLa human cancer cell lines, from lung and cervix. This study opens a new industrial scope of G. americana fruit in nanoscience and as surface modified GNPs can be developed into a successful drug carrier for future pharmaceutical products. - Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by Genipa americana fruit extract. • TEM-DLS analysis confirmed that the average particle size is 30.4 ± 14.9 nm. • Nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant and no cytotoxicity activity.

Antimicrobial activity of crude epicarp and seed extracts from mature avocado fruit (Persea americana) of three cultivars.

Science.gov (United States)

Raymond Chia, Teck Wah; Dykes, Gary A

2010-07-01

The epicarp and seed of Persea Americana Mill. var. Hass (Lauraceae), Persea Americana Mill. var. Shepard, and Persea americana Mill. var Fuerte cultivars of mature avocados (n = 3) were ground separately and extracted with both absolute ethanol and distilled water. Extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial activity using the microtiter broth microdilution assay against four Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Antimicrobial activity against two molds was determined by the hole plate method. The ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity (104.2-416.7 microg/mL) toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (except Escherichia coli), while inhibition of the water extracts was only observed for Listeria monocytogenes (93.8-375.0 microg/mL) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (354.2 microg/mL). The minimum concentration required to inhibit Zygosaccharomyces bailii was 500 microg/mL for the ethanol extracts, while no inhibition was observed for the water extracts. No inhibition by either ethanol or water extracts was observed against Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus flavus.

Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth and fructan production of Agave americana L.

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Neyser De La Torre-Ruiz

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria inoculation on plant growth and the sugar content in Agave americana was assessed. The bacterial strains ACO-34A, ACO-40, and ACO-140, isolated from the A. americana rhizosphere, were selected for this study to evaluate their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The three bacterial strains were evaluated via plant inoculation assays, and Azospirillum brasilense Cd served as a control strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strains ACO-34A, ACO-40 and ACO-140 were Rhizobium daejeonense, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas mosselii, respectively. All of the strains were able to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, solubilize phosphate, and had nitrogenase activity. Inoculation using the plant growth-promoting bacteria strains had a significant effect (p < 0.05 on plant growth and the sugar content of A. americana, showing that these native plant growth-promoting bacteria are a practical, simple, and efficient alternative to promote the growth of agave plants with proper biological characteristics for agroindustrial and biotechnological use and to increase the sugar content in this agave species.

Prevención de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en Colombia mediante una intervención múltiple: resultados de un ensayo de grupos aleatorios

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Carlos A. Rojas

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La leishmaniasis cutánea americana es endémica en Colombia, donde cada año son notificados aproximadamente 6000 casos nuevos. En la actualidad las medidas de prevención y control están limitadas al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los casos. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención múltiple para prevenir la transmisión de Leishmania en el foco endémico de Tumaco, costa Pacífica de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo de grupos aleatorizados. Veinte veredas fueron pareadas según prevalencia deLeishmania, habitantes y participación comunitaria y luego asignadas aleatoriamente a intervención o control. La intervención incluyó toldillos impregnados con deltametrina, repelente (N, N-dietil-m-toluamida 20% y Permetrina 0,5%, modificación de lugares de reposo para los vectores y educación. Al cabo de un año se comparó la incidencia de infección y enfermedad producida porLeishmania en los dos grupos, se monitorearon la adherencia a la intervención y la aparición de efectos adversos. Los resultados finales fueron ajustados por el efecto de correlación intra-grupo. Resultados. Se presentaron 10 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en el grupo que recibió la intervención y 23 en el grupo control, OR=0,42, IC95% 0,14-1,26. La intervención tuvo un mayor efecto en los niños menores de 10 años, en aquellos que residían en la periferia de la vereda y en veredas con una prevalencia de infección en niños pequeños mayor del 1%. Se reportaron eventos adversos leves asociados con el uso de los toldillos impregnados y el repelente en 2% de los participantes. Conclusión. Los casos nuevos de Leishmaniasis cutánea americana se redujeron en un 58% en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Sin embargo, el número pequeño de casos hace que la estimación de la medida de efecto sea imprecisa y no nos permite afirmar que la intervención tiene un efecto protector. Poblaciones específicas podr

Dieta del Suri, Rhea pennata (Orbigny, 1834 (Aves: Rheidae, en ecosistemas altoandinos de Moquegua, Perú

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Marli Echaccaya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la dieta del suri Rhea pennata en la región de Moquegua al sur de Perú, mediante el análisis de heces. Esta especie considerada en “Peligro Crítico” en el Perú se mostró como estrictamente herbívora, principalmente folívora. Se identificaron 44 morfoespecies de plantas en su dieta, de las cuales Oxychloe andina (una especie de Juncaceae dominante en bofedales disturbados presentó los mayores valores relativos de densidad, peso, volumen y frecuencia. A pesar de la aparente selectividad, esta especie presenta una dieta muy diversa que le permitiría adaptarse a las carencias nutricionales en el hábitat que ocupa. Los datos obtenidos en diferentes hábitats que ocupa el Suri, muestran que en zonas más áridas existe la tendencia a una mayor selectividad debido a la presencia de plantas con compuestos secundarios (fenoles, terpenos y alcaloides para evitar la herbivoría, mientras que en ambientes con bofedales (como el del presente estudio la selectividad disminuye, tendiendo a alimentarse de las especies dominantes.

Synaptic organization and division of labor in the exceptionally polymorphic ant Pheidole rhea.

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Gordon, Darcy G; Traniello, James F A

2018-05-29

Social insect polyphenisms provide models to examine the neural basis of division of labor and anatomy of the invertebrate social brain. Worker size-related behavior is hypothesized to enhance task performance, raising questions concerning the integration of morphology, behavior, and cellular neuroarchitecture, and how variation in sensory inputs and cognitive demands of behaviorally differentiated workers is reflected in higher-order processing ability. We used the highly polymorphic ant Pheidole rhea, which has three distinct worker size classes - minors, soldiers, and supersoldiers - to examine variation in synaptic circuitry across worker size and social role. We hypothesized that the density and size of synaptic complexes (microglomeruli, MG) would be positively associated with behavioral repertoire and the relative size of the mushroom bodies (MB). Supersoldiers had significantly larger and less dense MG in the lip (olfactory region) of the MB calyx (MBC), and larger MG in the collar (visual region) compared to minors. Soldiers were intermediate in synaptic phenotype: they did not differ significantly in MG density from minors and supersoldiers, had MG of similar size to minors in the lip, and did not differ from these two worker groups in MG size in the collar. Results suggest a complex relationship between MG density, size, behavior, and worker body size involving a conserved and plastic neurobiological development plan, although workers show strong variation in size and social role. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Cruzia americana, Turgida turgida, and Didelphostrongylus hayesi infection in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and risk factors along the California coast.

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Nichelason, Amy E; Rejmanek, Dan; Dabritz, Haydee A; Melli, Ann C; Miller, Melissa; Conrad, Patricia A

2008-10-01

Three nematodes, Turgida turgida, Cruzia americana, and Didelphostrongylus hayesi, have been documented to cause morbidity and mortality in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). The present study was designed to determine the frequency of infection of these nematodes in opossums at 2 study sites in California and to determine if there are risk factors associated with shedding of eggs or larvae in the feces. Turgida turgida and C. americana adults were found in 84.4% (stomach; n = 45) and 62.5% (intestinal wash and feces; n = 16) of sampled opossums. Eggs were present in opossum feces (n = 105) less frequently (40% T. turgida and 35.2% C. americana). Didelphostrongylus hayesi larvae were found in 79.0% of opossum feces examined (n = 105). Adult age and wet season (December through April) were significant predictive factors for the presence of T. turgida eggs, whereas the dry season (May through November) was significantly associated with the presence of C. americana eggs in feces. Adult opossums were more likely to have eggs and larvae from all 3 nematodes in the feces.

Antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of Mammea americana and Tabernaemontana cymosa on Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections.

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Gómez-Calderón, Cecilia; Mesa-Castro, Carol; Robledo, Sara; Gómez, Sergio; Bolivar-Avila, Santiago; Diaz-Castillo, Fredyc; Martínez-Gutierrez, Marlen

2017-01-18

The transmission of Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has increased worldwide, due in part to the lack of a specific antiviral treatment. For this reason, the search for compounds with antiviral potential, either as licensed drugs or in natural products, is a research priority. The objective of this study was to identify some of the compounds that are present in Mammea americana (M. americana) and Tabernaemontana cymosa (T. cymosa) plants and, subsequently, to evaluate their cytotoxicity in VERO cells and their potential antiviral effects on DENV and CHIKV infections in those same cells. Dry ethanolic extracts of M. americana and T. cymosa seeds were subjected to open column chromatographic fractionation, leading to the identification of four compounds: two coumarins, derived from M. americana; and lupeol acetate and voacangine derived from T. cymosa.. The cytotoxicity of each compound was subsequently assessed by the MTT method (at concentrations from 400 to 6.25 μg/mL). Pre- and post-treatment antiviral assays were performed at non-toxic concentrations; the resulting DENV inhibition was evaluated by Real-Time PCR, and the CHIKV inhibition was tested by the plating method. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis. The compounds showed low toxicity at concentrations ≤ 200 μg/mL. The compounds coumarin A and coumarin B, which are derived from the M. americana plant, significantly inhibited infection with both viruses during the implementation of the two experimental strategies employed here (post-treatment with inhibition percentages greater than 50%, p treatment with percentages of inhibition greater than 40%, p treatment strategy (at inhibition percentages greater than 70%, p treating Dengue and Chikungunya fever. Additionally, lupeol acetate and voacangine efficiently inhibit infection with DENV, also turning them into promising antivirals for Dengue fever.

Opposition to the American leadership by Brazilian nurses (1934-1938 Resistencia al liderazgo norte-americano en la formación de la enfermera brasileña (1934-1938 Resistência à liderança norte-americana na formação da enfermeira brasileira (1934-1938

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Tânia Cristina Franco Santos

2008-02-01

Full Text Available A historical social descriptive study whose objective is to describe the circumstances where Bertha Pullen assumes as the din of Anna Nery Nursing School, to assess the strategies undertaken by Pullen to assure her position of power and prestige in the space of the school and Brazilian nursing; and to discuss about the resistance to the presence and authority of the American din, for the nurses and students, in the struggle for a national identity. Corpus analysis was made by putting photographs into context base don written documents and secondary sources. Results: The second management of Pullen was the reiteration of the American presence in the leadership of the School, despite the resistance of the nurses and students. Thus, we may assume that the second tenure of Pullen did not represent a real need that was felt by the school.Estudio histórico-social que tuvo como objetivos: describir las circunstancias en las que Bertha Pullen asume la dirección de la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery; analizar las estrategias emprendidas por Pullen para asegurar su posición de poder y prestigio en la escuela y en la enfermería brasileña y discutir las oposiciones frente a su presencia y autoridad como directora americana por parte de las enfermeras y alumnas en la lucha por una identidad nacional. El análisis de los documentos fue a través de la contextualización de fotografías, con base en documentos y fuentes secundarios. El estudio demostró que la segunda gestión de Bertha Pullen reiteró la presencia americana dentro del liderazgo de la Escuela de Enfermería de Anna Nery, a pesar de la resistencia de las enfermeras y alumnas. De este modo, se concluye que su segunda gestión en la Escuela de Anna Nery no representó una necesidad real o sentida por la misma escuela.Estudo histórico-social teve como objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias em que Bertha Pullen assume a direção da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery; analisar as estrat

Percepción de la ética en los alumnos de mercadotecnia con base en el modelo de la Asociación Americana De Marketing (AMA

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Salvador Ceja Ocegueda

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Cada vez se reconoce más la importancia de la ética en lo social, empresarial y comercial para prevenir excesos. Pero la mayoría de los profesionistas no cuentan con conocimientos básicos de esta disciplina, por lo que no siempre la utilizan. el marketing tiene como objetivo el proceso de intercambio que genera valor tanto para la empresa como para el cliente, y el papel del mercadólogo consiste en ser un puente para la satisfacción de necesidades de ambos, por lo que debe poseer una visión ética individual y social clara que le ayude. el objetivo de esta investigación no experimental, cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal simple es analizar la percepción ética de estudiantes de mercadotecnia, utilizando el modelo de la asociación americana de Marketing (ama, que se basa en los siguientes valores: honestidad, responsabilidad, justicia, respeto, transparencia, ciudadanía. los resultados muestran carencia de formación ética en los alumnos

Applications of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium Longum with Eleutherine Americana in Fresh Milk Tofu and Pineapple Juice

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Atchara N. Phoem

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Bifidobacterium longum was microencapsulated by extrusion technique and added in fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. Microencapsulation of B. longum with Eleutherine americana extract, oligosaccharides extract, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides was assessed for the bacterial survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, and refrigeration storage. Microencapsulated B. longum with the extract and oligosaccharides extract in the food products showed better survival than free cells under adverse conditions. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the products containing co-encapsulated bacterial cells were more acceptable by consumers than free cells. Pineapple juice prepared with co-encapsulated cells had lower values for over acidification, compared with the juice with free cells added. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana could enhance functional properties of fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice.

Applications of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium Longum with Eleutherine Americana in Fresh Milk Tofu and Pineapple Juice

Science.gov (United States)

Phoem, Atchara N.; Chanthachum, Suphitchaya; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang P.

2015-01-01

Bifidobacterium longum was microencapsulated by extrusion technique and added in fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. Microencapsulation of B. longum with Eleutherine americana extract, oligosaccharides extract, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides was assessed for the bacterial survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, and refrigeration storage. Microencapsulated B. longum with the extract and oligosaccharides extract in the food products showed better survival than free cells under adverse conditions. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the products containing co-encapsulated bacterial cells were more acceptable by consumers than free cells. Pineapple juice prepared with co-encapsulated cells had lower values for over acidification, compared with the juice with free cells added. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana could enhance functional properties of fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. PMID:25854832

Multi scale habitat relationships of Martes americana in northern Idaho, U.S.A.

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Tzeidle N. Wasserman; Samuel A. Cushman; David O. Wallin; Jim Hayden

2012-01-01

We used bivariate scaling and logistic regression to investigate multiple-scale habitat selection by American marten (Martes americana). Bivariate scaling reveals dramatic differences in the apparent nature and strength of relationships between marten occupancy and a number of habitat variables across a range of spatial scales. These differences include reversals in...

Post-9/11 Representations of Arab Men by Arab American Women Writers: Affirmation and Resistance

OpenAIRE

Bosch, Marta (Bosch Vilarrubias)

2016-01-01

[spa] Esta tesis proporciona un análisis de la representación de los hombres árabo-americanos en novelas escritas por mujeres después del 11 de septiembre. Este estudio contribuye una novedosa investigación en relación a la literatura árabo-americana al juntar el estudio de la literatura escrita por mujeres y el análisis de las masculinidades árabo-americanas. La tesis explora la construcción de las masculinidades árabo-americanas, al mismo tiempo que explica la historia de los feminismos ára...

IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF AGAVE AMERICANA, STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA AND ARECA CATECHU EXTRACTS USING MCF-7 CELL LINE

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Anajwala Chetan C.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Research is focusing on the search for new types of natural chemotherapeutic agent that is plant based medicines which are proving to be excellent sources of new compounds. In present research study, an attempt was made to prove cytotoxicity activity of various parts of medicinal plants such as Agave americana, Strychnos nux-vomica and Areca catechu using MCF-7 and Vero cell line. Various parts of the medicinal plants were extracted by soxhlet apparatus using solvents likes methanol and water. By trypan blue dye exclusion method, Viability of MCF-7 and Vero cell lines were 85.50 and 81.13%, respectively. IC50 value of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves and aqueous extract of Areca catechu fruits were found to be 545.9 & 826.1 µg/ml by SRB assay and 775.1 & 1461µg/ml by MTT assay, respectively, against MCF-7 cell line. From cytotoxicity study data by SRB and MTT assay, it revealed that methanol extract of Agave americana and aqueous extract of Areca catechu are potent cytotoxic.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas El síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta en las Américas

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1998-05-01

Full Text Available La infección por virus Hanta, cuadro nefrótico y hemorrágico documentado desde la antigüedad en países de Asia y Europa, se presenta en las Américas en la época moderna con una nueva cara. Conocida por síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta, la infección americana se caracteriza por una serie de síntomas respiratorios similares a los de la influenza, con hipotensión grave y disnea progresiva que lleva a la insuficiencia respiratoria y, en 40 a 50% de los casos, a la defunción. Varias cepas virales son las responsables del trastorno y cada cepa tiene por reservorio una especie particular de roedores. El contagio se produce por inhalación de partículas de las materias excretadas por roedores infectados o por contacto con objetos contaminados. Hay datos que podrían indicar la posible transmisión del virus entre seres humanos. Ante la gravedad de este nuevo problema de salud pública, la OPS está intensificando las medidas para la detección y control del síndrome pulmonar por virus Hanta, entre las que figuran el establecimiento de una red de laboratorios encargados de diagnosticar la enfermedad, preparar reactivos para su detección, investigar la ecología del virus causal y mantener una vigilancia de casos activa.

Phylogenomic analysis of Odyssella thessalonicensis fortifies the common origin of Rickettsiales, Pelagibacter ubique and Reclimonas americana mitochondrion.

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Kalliopi Georgiades

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The evolution of the Alphaproteobacteria and origin of the mitochondria are topics of considerable debate. Most studies have placed the mitochondria ancestor within the Rickettsiales order. Ten years ago, the bacterium Odyssella thessalonicensis was isolated from Acanthamoeba spp., and the 16S rDNA phylogeny placed it within the Rickettsiales. Recently, the whole genome of O. thessalonicensis has been sequenced, and 16S rDNA phylogeny and more robust and accurate phylogenomic analyses have been performed with 65 highly conserved proteins. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The results suggested that the O. thessalonicensis emerged between the Rickettsiales and other Alphaproteobacteria. The mitochondrial proteins of the Reclinomonas americana have been used to locate the phylogenetic position of the mitochondrion ancestor within the Alphaproteobacteria tree. Using the K tree score method, nine mitochondrion-encoded proteins, whose phylogenies were congruent with the Alphaproteobacteria phylogenomic tree, have been selected and concatenated for Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenies. The Reclinomonas americana mitochondrion is a sister taxon to the free-living bacteria Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, and together, they form a clade that is deeply rooted in the Rickettsiales clade. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The Reclinomonas americana mitochondrion phylogenomic study confirmed that mitochondria emerged deeply in the Rickettsiales clade and that they are closely related to Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique.

Neutralización del efecto hemorrágico inducido por veneno de Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae por extractos de plantas tropicales

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Oscar Castro

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la capacidad de extractos orgánicos de 48 especies de plantas costarricenses para neutralizar la actividad hemorrágica del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops asper (terciopelo. Los extractos se evaluaron mediante un bioensayo basado en inyecciones intradérmicas de veneno en ratones, o de mezclas veneno-extracto, seguidas de la cuantificación macroscópica de la hemorragia. Se observó una inhibición total de la hemorragia con los extractos etanólico, de acetato de etilo y acuoso de Bursera simaruba, Clusia torresii, C. palmana, Croton draco, Persea americana, Phoebe brenesii, Pimenta dioica, Sapindus saponaria, Smilax cuculmeca y Virola koschnyi. El análisis químico de estos extractos permitió identificar catequinas, flavonas, antocianinas y taninos condensados, los cuales podrían jugar un papel en la inhibición del efecto hemorrágico debido a la capacidad de quelar el ion zinc requerido por las metaloproteinasas hemorrágicas para su acción.Organic extracts representing 48 species included in 30 families of Costa Rican tropical plants were evaluated for their ability to neutralize hemorrhagic activity induced by the venom of the snake Bothrops asper. A bioassay in mice was used, based on intradermal injection of either venom or venom-extract mixtures followed by the measurement of hemorrhagic areas. Total inhibition of hemorrhage was observed with the ethanolic, ethyl acetate and aquous extracts of Bursera simaruba, Clusia torresii, C. palmana, Croton draco, Persea americana, Phoebe brenesii, Pimenta dioica, Sapindus saponaria, Smilax cuculmeca and Virola koschnyi. Chemical analysis of these extracts identified catequines, flavones, anthocyanines and condensated tannins, which may be responsible for the inhibitory effect observed, probably owing to the chelation of the zinc required for the catalytic activity of venom’s hemorrhagic metalloproteinases.

Pro-apoptotic effect of Persea americana var. Hass (avocado) on Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

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Bonilla-Porras, Angelica R; Salazar-Ospina, Andrea; Jimenez-Del-Rio, Marlene; Pereañez-Jimenez, Andres; Velez-Pardo, Carlos

2013-11-05

Abstract Context: Therapy for leukemia has a limited efficacy. There is a need to search for alternative anti-leukemia therapies. Persea americana Mill var. Hass (Lauraceae) is a tropical fruit (avocado) that might be used against cancer. Objective: To investigate whether P. americana induces death in Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Materials and methods: Four ethanol extracts (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/mL) from avocado fruit (endocarp, whole seed, seed and leaves) were analyzed against Jurkat cells. Hydrogen peroxide generation by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to the fluorescent compound 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, flow cytometry analysis of annexin-V/7-amino-actinomycin, mitochondrial membrane potential and immunocytochemistry detection of transcription factor p53, caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were evaluated. Results: Endocarp, seed, whole seed, and leaf (0.1 mg/mL) extracts induced significant apoptosis in Jurkat cells (p avocado and its therapeutic action on leukemia.

ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GENIPA AMERICANA L. SEEDS IN AN INDUCED SOIL SEED BANK

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Francesca Salla

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This work studied the behavior of G. americana L. (Rubiaceae seeds in an induced soil seed bank. This study was conducted in Lavras-MG in a seasonal semideciduous forest of the Federal University of Lavras. Seeds collected in the area were cleaned and analyzed (water content, viability and desiccation tolerance. Soil banks were installed in two distinct areas (top of hill and riparian forest located in the understory of the forest. Seeds were placed in nylon nets and covered with a thin litter layer that was previously removed for this purpose. Monthly assessment of germination, seedling emergence, seed and soil water content, and the characterization of the initial seedling growth was performed. It was observed that G. americana seeds forms a transitory seed bank, with maintenance of its viability until the fourth month after disposal in natural environment. In general, the seed bank located in the riparian forest area showed the best potential for seedling establishment in a natural environment, which supports the ecological behavior of this species.

American wild celery (Vallisneria americana): Ecological considerations for restoration

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Korschgen, C.E.; Green, W.L.

1988-01-01

The success of vegetation management programs for waterfowl is dependent on knowing the physical and physiological requirements of target species. Lakes and riverine impoundments that contain an abundance of the American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana ) have traditionally been favored by canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria ) and other waterfowl as feeding areas during migration. Information on the ecology of American wildcelery is summarized to serve as a guide for potential wetland restoration projects. Techniques are described for transplanting winter buds. Management programs that employ these techniques should define objectives clearly and evaluate the water regime carefully before initiating major restoration.

Antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Persea Americana, an invitro study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Amith; Kumarachandra, Reshma; Rai, Rajalakshmi; Rao, Satish; Suchetha Kumari; Joshi, Manjunath

2013-01-01

Ionizing radiation produce deleterious effects in the living organisms. Rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. Several plants have been screened for their radio protective ability and the hunt for identifying many more safe, nontoxic and effective ones is in progress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity in hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Psidium guajava (guava) and Persea americana (avocado). The antioxidant assay such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, chelation of iron by plant extract, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity of extract was analyzed using spectrophotometer. Phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis of leaf extracts were also performed. The results indicated that the IC50 value of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of P.guajava and P. americana were 14 μg/ml and 15 μg/ml in ABTS free radical scavenging assay, 4 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml in DPPH free radical scavenging assay, 7.2 μg/ml and 8.4 μg/ml in chelation of iron by plant extract, 2 μg/ml and, 4.3 μg/ml in hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and effective concentration(EC50) was 57.80 μg/ml and 87.56 μg/ml in FRAP assay respectively. The results for total antioxidant activity indicated that 242.3 μg/ml of P.guajava and 432.7 μg/ml of P.americana extract was equivalent to 100 μg/ml of standard qurecetin respectively. Qualitative analysis of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponions, terpenoids, and glycosides. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids qurecetin and rutin in leaf extracts on comparison with standard compounds. Our study showed that hydro alcoholic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Persea americana act as strong antioxidant and free

Effects of simulated acid rain on leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae

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Bruno Francisco Sant'Anna-Santos

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the injuries on leaf structure and micromorphology of G. americana and evaluate the degree of susceptibility of this species to simulated acid rain. Plants were exposed to acid rain (pH 3.0 for ten consecutive days. Control plants were submitted only to distilled water (pH 6.0. Leaf tissue was sampled and fixed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Necrotic interveinal spots on the leaf blade occurred. Epidermis and mesophyll cells collapse, hypertrophy of spongy parenchyma cells, accumulation of phenolic compounds and starch grains were observed in leaves exposed to acid rain. The micromorphological analysis showed, in necrotic areas, plasmolized guard cells and cuticle rupture. Epidermal and mesophyll cells alterations occurred before symptoms were visualized in the leaves. These results showed the importance of anatomical data for precocious diagnosis injury and to determine the sensitivity of G. americana to acid rain.Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o grau de susceptibilidade e determinar as injúrias causadas pela chuva ácida simulada na anatomia e micromorfologia foliar de Genipa americana. Plantas foram expostas à chuva com pH 3,0 durante 10 dias consecutivos. No tratamento controle utilizou-se apenas água destilada (pH 6,0. Amostras foliares foram coletadas e fixadas para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Foram observados nas folhas expostas à chuva ácida: necroses pontuais intervenais, colapso das células do mesofilo e da epiderme; hipertrofia do parênquima lacunoso e acúmulo de compostos fenólicos e grãos de amido. A análise micromorfológica evidenciou, nas áreas necrosadas, plasmólise das células-guarda e ruptura da cutícula e da crista estomática. Alterações anatômicas ocorreram antes que sintomas visuais fossem observados nas folhas. Estes resultados comprovam a importância de dados anatômicos na diagnose precoce da injúria e na

Variabilidade genética de Genipa americana L. pertencente ao baixo curso do rio São Francisco

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Allívia Rouse Carregosa Rabbani

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A utilização de marcadores genéticos em estudos de caracterização de ecossistemas florestais permite avanços no entendimento genético das populações naturais, bem como auxilia na definição de estratégias de recuperação ou restauração florestal. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a diversidade genética entre 18 indivíduos de Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. procedentes da região do Baixo São Francisco sergipano por meio de marcadores RAPD. Para a amplificação do material genético foram utilizados 12 oligonucleotídeos para análise da diversidade. Pelo índice de Jaccard, a similaridade genética média (Sgm entre os indivíduos foi de 60,4% sendo que, a maior obtida foi identificada entre os indivíduos G11 e G12 (83,6%±0,03 e a menor entre os indivíduos G4 e G18 (36,5%, ±0,02. Com base na Sgm (78,4%, sete pares indivíduos foram considerados geneticamente semelhantes. A partir destas análises, os indivíduos podem ser utilizados como matrizes fornecedoras de sementes em combinação com outros indivíduos em programas de restauração de áreas degradadas, porém devem compor áreas distantes.

Una nueva generación de bioplaguicidas obtenidos por la I+D+i española, se abre paso en el mercado internacional

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Area de Información, Documentación y Cultura Científica. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón

2013-01-01

La investigación ha desembocado en una patente internacional de gran interés en el sector que se encuentra ya en fase de formulación del producto por parte de la empresa americana ECOFLORA AGRO para su comercialización internacional. El Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), adscrito al Departamento de Industria e Innovación del Gobierno de Aragón, el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), la Universidad de Zaragoza (UZ) y la Universi...

Estudio de una tecnología de extracción y faccionamiento de aceite de ñandú de alta calidad para su utilización en la industria cosmética y farmacéutica

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Rosa Márquez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio fue aplicar la metodología de extracción con calor en condiciones de vacío a  grasa cavitaria y exterior para la obtención de aceite de ñandú (Rhea americana con condiciones, una vez refinado,  de humedad, acidez, índice de peróxidos, color y perfil de ácidos grasos compatibles con las exigencias del comercio internacional para los aceites de ratites. En cuanto al método de refinación seleccionado fue el método de refinación alcalina. Las condiciones elegidas para la neutralización fueron: NaOH 10% y 0.1% de exceso de la misma. Luego el aceite se lava hasta un contenido de jabones inferior a 50 ppm debido a que los mismos afectan el valor de acidez. De esta forma se lograron valores de acidez muy por debajo del límite requerido por la AEA (American Emu Association para el aceite de emú extra refinado. Se utilizó tierra de blanqueo Supreme 126 (marca Tonsil de Quimica Sumex S.A., en una concentración del 0.5 %. Se determinó que no existen diferencias sustanciales entre la grasa cavitaria y exterior y en el proceso de winterización se obtienen  dos  fracciones con  perfil de ácidos grasos diferentes siendo la oleína más rica en ácidos grasos insaturados. El contenido de oleico prácticamente no varía entre las fracciones, mientras que el porcentaje de linoleico (ácido graso esencial es superior para la oleína. En el presente  trabajo se obtuvo un aceite cuyas características y parámetros de calidad son aceptables para los requerimientos internacionales que deben poseer los aceites para aplicación en cosmética, haciéndolo factible de comercializar. Por tanto los métodos de extracción y refinación adaptados para esta aplicación son adecuados y simples de aplicar.AbstractThis study was made to apply the extraction method with temperature and vaccum application to internal and external fat of ñandú (Rhea Americana to obtain a ñandú oil which once refined, has the humidity

Survival and weight change among adult individuals of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758 (Blattaria, Blattidae subject to various stress conditions

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Jucelio Peter Duarte

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Periplaneta americana is a species of great importance to public health, since it can act as a vector of many pathogens and it reaches large populations in urban environments. This is probably due to its ability to resist starvation and desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of absence of water and food on survival and weight change among adult P. americana individuals and check whether the initial weight of individuals influences on their survival. Four groups having twenty P. americana couples were formed and subject to: I no water or food; II no food; III no water; and IV control group. Insects were isolated according to the groups, which were weighed at the beginning and end of the stress conditions. They remained under these conditions until all individuals in each test group were dead. Stress conditions caused reduction in survival time when compared to the control group. Adults with higher body mass survived longer when deprived only of food, while among those lacking water, weight had no influence on survival. Total weight loss was greater among individuals deprived of water than those deprived only of food.

Tratamiento contable de las transacciones separadas en las combinaciones de negocios. Proceso armonizador de la normativa contable internacional (IFRS y americana (FAS

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Montserrat Manzaneque Lizano

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Los cambios introducidos en la FAS 141(R (2007 americana y en la IFRS 3 (R (2008, con el fin de armonizar los aspectos contables de las operaciones referentes a la combinación de negocios, han puesto de manifiesto la existencia de determinadas transacciones que no forman parte de la propia combinación y a las que se denomina transacciones separadas, cuya delimitación de la combinación de negocios queda dispersa en ambas normas, por lo que en ocasiones resulta poco clarificador. Así, este trabajo pretende facilitar al lector la comprensión de su tratamiento contable abordando la problemática de identificar las transacciones que se producen, y las que no, como consecuencia de la combinación de negocios, el tratamiento contable de esta disyuntiva y su efecto sobre el reconocimiento y valoración del fondo de comercio (cuenta de crédito mercantil.

Elementos traza esenciales en dos variedades de trigo y cambios de distribución de los mismos causados por el procesamiento

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Gabriela Mahecha

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica los elementos minerales esenciales en dos trigos duros comerciales, en las fracciones de la molienda del trigo (harina, salvado y mogolla y en el pan preparado de la harina.Las fracciones de salvado y mogolla contienen mayor cantidad de todos los minerales que el trigo original, en cambio el contenido en el pan y la harina es mas bajo. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de enriquecer el pan con las fracciones de salvado y mogolla, las cuales son obtenidas del trigo en altas proporciones.La variedad IS68 contiene mayor cantidad de todos los elementos traza esenciales estudiados, siendo también superior su contenido que el reportado por otros investigadores que trabajaron en muestras americanas y francesas de diferentes áreas geográficas.

Effect of Agave americana and Agave salmiana Ripeness on Saponin Content from Aguamiel (Agave Sap).

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Leal-Díaz, Ana María; Santos-Zea, Liliana; Martínez-Escobedo, Hilda Cecilia; Guajardo-Flores, Daniel; Gutiérrez-Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio Othón

2015-04-22

Steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. Agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. Aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from Agave americana and Agave salmiana at two ripening stages. Saponins and sapogenins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF and quantitated with HPLC/ELSD. Results proved the presence of saponins derived from kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin. The saponin content in aguamiel from immature A. salmiana was 2-fold higher (478.3 protodioscin equivalents (PE) μg/g aguamiel (DM)) compared with A. americana (179.0 PE μg/g aguamiel (DM)). In both species, saponin content decreased when plants reached sexual maturity. This should be considered before evaluating the effects of Agave spp. as a source of bioactive saponins.

Entre Debates e Embates: uma reflexão sobre epistemologias feministas latino-americanas

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Renata Araújo Matos

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente texto objetiva discutir proposições elaboradas por parte de pensadoras feministas latino-americanas, pautando sua contribuição para os estudos teóricos que buscam compreender a construção dos padrões coloniais que ainda persistem na análise social da região. Entende-se que é pertinente fazer referência aos debates e confrontos internos aos movimentos e ao pensamento feminista para, dessa forma, evitar o caminho simplificador de não-reconhecimento, sem exceções, das contribuições do pensamento social já institucionalizado. Palavras-chaves: mulheres; feminismos latino-americanos; epistemologias feministas.   Between Debates and Blocks: a Reflection on Latin American Feminists Epistemologies Abstract The present article aims to discuss Latin American thinkers propositions and how their contributions impact on the regional decolonial studies. It is understood that it is pertinent to refer to debates and internal confrontations with feminist movements and thinking. In this way, one can avoid the simplistic path of non-recognition, without exceptions, of the contributions of already institutionalized social thought. Keywords: Women, Latin American Feminists, Feminists Epistemologies   Entre Debates y Embates: una reflexión sobre epistemologías feministas latinoamericanas Resumen El presente texto tiene como objetivo discutir proposiciones elaboradas por parte de pensadoras feministas latinoamericanas, pautando su contribución para los estudios teóricos que buscan comprender la construcción de los estándares coloniales que aún persisten en el análisis social de la región. Se considera pertinente hacer referencia a los debates y confrontaciones internos a los movimientos y al pensamiento feminista para, de esa forma, evitar el camino simplificador de no-reconocimiento, sin excepciones, de las contribuciones del pensamiento social ya institucionalizado.     Palabras-clave: mujeres; feminismos

Characterization of an invertebrate-type dopamine receptor of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

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Troppmann, Britta; Balfanz, Sabine; Krach, Christian; Baumann, Arnd; Blenau, Wolfgang

2014-01-06

We have isolated a cDNA coding for a putative invertebrate-type dopamine receptor (Peadop2) from P. americana brain by using a PCR-based strategy. The mRNA is present in samples from brain and salivary glands. We analyzed the distribution of the PeaDOP2 receptor protein with specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies. On Western blots, PeaDOP2 was detected in protein samples from brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and salivary glands. In immunocytochemical experiments, we detected PeaDOP2 in neurons with their somata being located at the anterior edge of the medulla bilaterally innervating the optic lobes and projecting to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. In order to determine the functional and pharmacological properties of the cloned receptor, we generated a cell line constitutively expressing PeaDOP2. Activation of PeaDOP2-expressing cells with dopamine induced an increase in intracellular cAMP. In contrast, a C-terminally truncated splice variant of this receptor did not exhibit any functional property by itself. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first dopamine receptor from P. americana provides the basis for forthcoming studies focusing on the significance of the dopaminergic system in cockroach behavior and physiology.

White ash (Fraxinus americana) decline and mortality: the role of site nutrition and stress history

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Alejandro A. Royo; Kathleen S. Knight

2012-01-01

Over the past century, white ash (Fraxinus americana) populations throughout its range have deteriorated as a result of declining tree health and increased mortality rates. Although co-occurring factors including site nutritional deficiencies and punctuated stress events (e.g., defoliations, drought) are hypothesized to trigger white ash decline,...

Technical approaches of a natural dye extracted from Phytolacca americana L.-berries with chemical mordants.

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Park, Su-Youn; Jung, Suk-Yul

2014-01-01

Phytolacca americana L. is a large semi-succulent herbaceous plant which reaches three meters in height. It is native to eastern North America, the Midwest, and the Gulf Coast, with more scattered populations in the far West. It is imported into Korea and has been frequently used as a traditional natural drug for diseases such as systemic edema and nephritis. Its berries, that is, fruits are shiny dark purple held in racemous clusters on pink pedicels with a pink peduncle. They are round with a flat indented top and bottom. Immature berries are green, maturing into white and then blackish purple. It is not well known how the berries are used for a natural staining yet. In this study, using Phytolacca americana L.-berries, a natural staining was analyzed. Moreover, due to the broad use of chemical mordants, five different mordants including copper acetate, aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium tartrate plus citric acid, Iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate were combined. Extracted dye from the berries stained silk fabrics with ivory. The original purple color from the berries disappeared and transformed into ivory. Although the silk fabrics were differentially stained by the berries that were combined with mordants of aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium tartrate plus citric acid and potassium dichromate, only differences in lightness and darkness were observed. Interestingly, the combination of the dye from the berries with a mordant of copper acetate and Iron II sulfate induced the staining of the silk fabrics into khaki and dark khaki, respectively. This study is the first systemic report on staining silk fabrics with Phytolacca americana L.-berries and chemical mordants and suggests application of natural products to the fiber industry.

Antibacterial effect of crude extract and metabolites of Phytolacca americana on pathogens responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries.

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Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Kim, Eun Sil; Oh, Kyounghee; Kim, Hyeon-Jeong; Kim, Yangseon; Baek, Kwang-Hyun

2014-09-20

The oral cavity is the store house of different species of microorganisms that are continuously engaged in causing diseases in the mouth. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of the aerial parts of Phytolacca americana and its natural compounds against two oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, which are primarily responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries, as well as a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. Crude extract and fractions from the aerial parts of P. americana (0.008-1.8 mg/mL) were evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity against two oral disease causing microorganisms by micro-assays. The standard natural compounds present in P. americana, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin 3-glucoside, isoqueritrin and ferulic acid, were also tested for their antibacterial activity against the pathogens at 1-8 μg/mL. The crude extract was highly active against P. gingivalis (100% growth inhibition) and moderately active against S. mutans (44% growth inhibition) at 1.8 mg/mL. The chloroform and hexane fraction controlled the growth of P. gingivalis with 91% and 92% growth inhibition at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. Kaempferol exerted antibacterial activity against both the pathogens, whereas quercetin showed potent growth inhibition activity against only S. mutans in a concentration dependent manner. The crude extract, chloroform fraction, and hexane fraction of P. americana possesses active natural compounds that can inhibit the growth of oral disease causing bacteria. Thus, these extracts have the potential for use in the preparation of toothpaste and other drugs related to various oral diseases.

Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Extract of Persea americana (Mill) on the Myocardium of Left Ventricle of High Salt-Fed Adult Wistar Rats.

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Olushola, Ayoola I; Aderibigbe, Komolafe O; Stephen, Saka O; Ayodeji, Odukoya S

2017-10-01

The cardioprotective effects of Persea americana extract was investigated on biochemical activities of high salt-fed adult Wistar rats in this study. Forty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120 to 150 g were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 5 rats each (groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). Rats in groups A, F, G, and H were fed with standard laboratory pellets, while groups B, C, D, and E were fed on the high-salt diet for 4 weeks. Concomitantly, daily administration of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of the P americana extract were given orally to groups C and F, D and G, and E and H, respectively, while rats in groups A and B were administered distilled water. Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture; concentration of sodium ion, potassium ion, nitric oxide, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were determined. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple comparison. Results revealed that concentration of potassium ion and nitric oxide was significantly lower ( P < .05) in high salt-fed groups. Sodium ion concentration and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were higher in high salt-fed group while P americana prevented biochemical perturbations in other experimental groups. In conclusion, high salt-diet induced biochemical alterations which were significantly protected by oral administration of P americana extract.

A produção da "cidade latino-americana" The production of "the Latin American city"

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Adrián Gorelik

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho propõe uma análise histórica da categoria "cidade latino-americana" como construção cultural. O argumento central é que, durante o período compreendido entre o segundo pós-guerra e a década de 1970, a idéia de "cidade latino-americana" funcionou como uma categoria do pensamento social, como uma figura do imaginário intelectual e político em amplas regiões do continente. Este texto procura reconstruir os principais itinerários conceituais e ideológicos da categoria, suas funções políticas e institucionais na conjuntura específica da região. Esse modo de entender a categoria "cidade latino-americana" em sua configuração histórica específica, sugere o autor, pode oferecer uma via produtiva para os estudos culturais latino-americanos.This paper suggests a historical analysis of the category "Latin American city" as a cultural construct. The central argument is that, during the period between the post-war and the 1970's, the idea of a Latin American city became a category of social thought, as part of the intellectual and political imagination in several regions of the continent. The text tries to rebuild the main conceptual and ideological turns, their political and institutional functions within the specific regional circumstances. The article suggests that this approach to the "Latin American city" category in its precise historical configuration may be a productive path for Latin-American cultural studies.

Monitoramento de fitoplâncton e microcistina no reservatório da UHE Americana Monitoring phytoplankton and microcistyn at the Americana reservoir

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R.A.R. Ferreira

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Americana, pertencente à Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, e faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento realizado em conjunto com a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, de Botucatu. As amostragens de água foram realizadas nos meses de fevereiro, abril, junho e outubro de 2004. As características analisadas foram: temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, amônia, fósforo total, fosfato, fosfato inorgânico, juntamente com análise qualitativa e quantitativa da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a toxicidade. O reservatório apresentou valores elevados de fósforo total, variando de 18 a 509 µg L-1; fosfato, de 4 a 463 µg L-1; nitrogênio total, de 0,99 a 17,25 mg L-1; e nitrato, de 0,26 a 15,29 mg L-1. Para a comunidade fitoplanctônica foram encontrados 103 táxons em todo o período amostrado; a maior riqueza foi encontrada no ponto P06, e a maior pobreza de táxons, nos pontos localizadas no corpo central do reservatório (P02, P03, P04 e P05. A maior concentração de cianofícea ocorreu em abril de 2004: 5.375.175 ind. L-1. As espécies que apresentaram as maiores densidades foram Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena spiroides, Microcystis sp. e Pseudoanabaena mucicola; a maior densidade foi apresentada por Anabaena spiroides, com 4.178.084 ind. L-1. Nos meses de junho e outubro a classe Cryptophyceae teve uma grande contribuição para a densidade total. Apesar da grande densidade de cianobactérias, os valores de toxicidade ficaram abaixo do limite permitido pela Portaria nº 1.469.This work was carried out at the Americana Reservoir, owned by Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, and was part of a joint R&D project with Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brazil. Water sampling was collected in February, April, June and October 2004. The following characteristics were analyzed: water temperature, p

Survival and weight change among adult individuals of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758 (Blattaria, Blattidae subject to various stress conditions

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Jucelio Peter Duarte

2015-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2015v28n2p103 Periplaneta americana is a species of great importance to public health, since it can act as a vector of many pathogens and it reaches large populations in urban environments. This is probably due to its ability to resist starvation and desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of absence of water and food on survival and weight change among adult P. americana individuals and check whether the initial weight of individuals influences on their survival. Four groups having twenty P. americana couples were formed and subject to: I no water or food; II no food; III no water; and IV control group. Insects were isolated according to the groups, which were weighed at the beginning and end of the stress conditions. They remained under these conditions until all individuals in each test group were dead. Stress conditions caused reduction in survival time when compared to the control group. Adults with higher body mass survived longer when deprived only of food, while among those lacking water, weight had no influence on survival. Total weight loss was greater among individuals deprived of water than those deprived only of food.

Migração, Globalização e Relações Internacionais: em Busca de Novas Interpretações Fundamentadas em Evidencias Latino-Americanas Recentes - 10.5102/uri.v3i2.285

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Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O propósito deste estudo é compreender, avaliar e propor novas interpretações sobre o fenômeno da migração internacional, em geral, e da migração latino-americana, em particular, a partir de evidencia documental recente. Ao analisar especificamente o caso das tendências migratórias na América Latina e Caribe é bastante claro que o fenômeno se transformou em tema de grande relevância na agenda hemisférica e global. Segundo estimativas recentes, aproximadamente 40 milhões de latino-americanos e caribenhos moram fora dos seus paises de origem. Outrossim, existem boas razões para prever que a migração internacional, em geral, e a migração latino-americana e caribenha, em particular, continuarão sendo fenômenos importantes nas relações internacionais nas próximas décadas. Este expressivo fluxo migratório no sentido Sul-Norte é impulsionado por dois importantes conjuntos de motivos. De um lado, as profundas diferenças econômicas internacionais e as agudas insuficiências estruturais dos países em desenvolvimento favorecem a opção de procurar novos horizontes em outros países, regiões e continentes. De outro, é cada vez mais evidente que os países capitalistas avançados – porém demograficamente envelhecidos – precisam de uma força de trabalho jovem, qualificada e certamente estrangeira, inclusive para manter seus altos padrões de consumo e renda. Portanto, trata-se de alcançar um novo equilíbrio na procura e demanda de força de trabalho, no contexto geral do processo de globalização.

Biochemical and molecular modulation of CCl4-induced peripheral and central damage by Tilia americana var. mexicanaextracts.

Science.gov (United States)

Coballase-Urrutia, Elvia; Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí; González-García, María Carolina; Núñez-Ramírez, Eithan; Floriano-Sánchez, Esaú; González-Trujano, María Eva; Fernández-Rojas, Berenice; Pedraza-Chaverrí, José; Montesinos-Correa, Hortencia; Rivera-Espinosa, Liliana; Sampieri, Aristides Iii; Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana

2017-03-01

Around the world, species from the genus Tilia are commonly used because of their peripheral and central medicinal effects; they are prepared as teas and used as tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and analgesic agents. In this study, we provide evidence of the protective effects of organic and aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg, i.p.) obtained from the leaves of Tilia americana var. mexicana on CCl 4 -induced liver and brain damage in the rat. Protection was observed in the liver and brain (cerebellum, cortex and cerebral hemispheres) by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) using spectrophotometric methods. Biochemical parameters were also assessed in serum samples from the CCl 4 -treated rats. The T. americana var. mexicana leaf extracts provided significant protection against CCl 4 -induced peripheral and central damage by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, diminishing lipid peroxidation, and preventing alterations in biochemical serum parameters, such as the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-globulin (γ-GLOB), serum albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (BB), creatinine (CREA) and creatine kinase (CK), relative to the control group. Additionally, we correlated gene expression with antioxidant activity in the experimental groups treated with the organic and aqueous Tilia extracts and observed a non-statistically significant positive correlation. Our results provide evidence of the underlying biomedical properties of T. americana var. mexicana that confer its neuro- and hepatoprotective effects.

Assimilate partitioning in avocado, Persea americana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finazzo, S.; Davenport, T.L.

1986-01-01

Assimilate partitioning is being studied in avocado, Persea americana cv. Millborrow in relation to fruit set. Single leaves on girdled branches of 10 year old trees were radiolabeled for 1 hr with 13μCi of 14 CO 2 . The source leaves were sampled during the experiment to measure translocation rates. At harvest the sink tissues were dissected and the incorporated radioactivity was measured. The translocation of 14 C-labelled compounds to other leaves was minimal. Incorporation of label into fruitlets varied with the tissue and the stage of development. Sink (fruitlets) nearest to the labelled leaf and sharing the same phyllotaxy incorporated the most 14 C. Source leaves for single non-abscising fruitlets retained 3X more 14 C-labelled compounds than did source leaves for 2 or more fruitlets at 31 hrs. post-labelling. Export of label decreased appreciably when fruitlets abscised. If fruitlets abscised within 4 days of labeling then the translocation pattern was similar to the pattern for single fruitlets. If the fruitlet abscised later, the translocation pattern was intermediate between the single and double fruitlet pattern

¿Por qué perciben algunos hombres la lactancia materna como una amenaza?.

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Magdalena Serpa de Cavelier

2003-08-01

Full Text Available

BARRERAS PSICOLÓGICAS MASCULINAS A LA LACTANCIA MATERNA.

La leche materna, recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, es reconocida como el alimento ideal durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. El costo de no amamantar es muy alto, bien sea desde el punto de vista económico o desde el punto de vista epidemiológico.

Desafortunadamente, en los Estados Unidos a pesar de grandes y sostenidos esfuerzos de programas gubernamentales de nutrición materno-infantil, un porcentaje muy bajo de mujeres inicia la lactancia materna, según datos nacionales recientes, 41.3% afro-americanas, 66.5% blancas y 63.6% “latinas”.

El presente trabajo lo desarrollé en mi calidad de Analista de Políticas y “Post Doctoral Fellow” del Centro de Investigación y Recursos para los hombres y la Familia de la Escuela de Higiene y Salud Pública de la Universidad de Johns Hopkins, en Baltimore, E.U.A. Forma parte de un proyecto macro “La lactancia materna es la mejor alimentación”, proyecto de investigación financiado con recursos del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos.

Los patrones de baja prevalencia de amamantación tienen múltiples explicaciones. Si se aspira a cumplir los objetivos gubernamentales de Estados Unidos que proponen tasas de iniciación de 75% y de duración a los 6 meses del 35%, se hace necesario entender mejor las barreras y los factores facilitadores de la lactancia materna entre la población afro-americana.

Con esta investigación se acude a la teoría psicoanalítica de Melanie Klein, para explorar el impacto de variables de la psicología masculina que ayuden a entender la baja prevalencia de lactancia materna en los Estados Unidos en general y entre la población afro-americana en particular. Se presenta un modelo diagnóstico y un modelo de intervención, sencillos y extrapolables a poblaciones colombianas con dificultades similares para una óptima nutrición infantil...

The Scirtothrips perseae species-group (Thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, Persea americana.

Science.gov (United States)

Mound, Laurence A; Hoddle, Mark S

2016-02-12

Following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia from the young leaves of avocado, Persea americana. Scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the Californian pest, S. perseae, and also to S. astrictus from Costa Rica that remains known from a single female. An illustrated key to these three species is provided.

The Complex of Scolytinae Inhabiting Persea borbonia and Persea americana in Florida: Possible Interactions with Other Species

Science.gov (United States)

A diverse number of Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have been found inhabiting Persea borbonia and P. americana in Florida during 2009 and 2010. They include the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, vector of Raffaelea lauricola, X. volvulus, X. ferrugineus, Xylosandrus crassiu...

Isolasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Artemia Salina Leach

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Andi Nur Fitriani Abubakar

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Avocado seed (Persea americana is recognized as one of medicinal plants. It contains several secondary metabolites, which have toxic activity. However, efforts to identify active compounds from avocado seeds (Persea americana are still relatively rare. Therefore, isolation and toxicity assay have been conducted foward the active compound of avocado seed. Maceration one kilogram of seed dried powder by ethanol obtained 49,7464 gram extract. Separation of etanol extract by column chromatography generated 0,0698 grams of pure white needle crytal, which is positively triterpenoid based on Lieberman-Buchard test. In addition, infrared spectrum showed the existence of OH, C=C, C-C, C=O, -C-H, -CH3,-CH2 and C-O stretch, which support the presumed compound. The result of toxicity test on Artemia salina Leach showed that the extract, fraction and pure isolates of the etanol extract are toxic with LC50 values 13,274 g/mL; 9,528 g/mL and 8,128 g/mL, respectively.

Characterization of an Invertebrate-Type Dopamine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

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Britta Troppmann

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We have isolated a cDNA coding for a putative invertebrate-type dopamine receptor (Peadop2 from P. americana brain by using a PCR-based strategy. The mRNA is present in samples from brain and salivary glands. We analyzed the distribution of the PeaDOP2 receptor protein with specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies. On Western blots, PeaDOP2 was detected in protein samples from brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and salivary glands. In immunocytochemical experiments, we detected PeaDOP2 in neurons with their somata being located at the anterior edge of the medulla bilaterally innervating the optic lobes and projecting to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. In order to determine the functional and pharmacological properties of the cloned receptor, we generated a cell line constitutively expressing PeaDOP2. Activation of PeaDOP2-expressing cells with dopamine induced an increase in intracellular cAMP. In contrast, a C-terminally truncated splice variant of this receptor did not exhibit any functional property by itself. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first dopamine receptor from P. americana provides the basis for forthcoming studies focusing on the significance of the dopaminergic system in cockroach behavior and physiology.

Los aportes de una antropología americana en el pensamiento de Rodolfo Kusch

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Dina Picotti

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El presente texto versa sobre la propuesta de Rodolfo Kusch en torno a una antropología del hombre americano a partir de un recorrido por algunas obras insignes de su pensamiento antropológico. El trabajo parte de la pro - blematización de la categoría de situación. A partir de ciertas distinciones filosóficas establecidas entre ser y estar , la autora aborda la cuestión de la identidad americana como pueblo , para indicar la manera en que el habla popular, en su nombrar y callar, es la base de lo que pueda ser el hombre ame - ricano. Después de la descripción de la consolidación del hombre americano tras el dualismo mito-razón y la formulación de la inconmensurabilidad del hombre americano ante criterios que resultan discordes, se sugiere otro modo de pensar, en este caso, de concebir una antropología, otra línea de encarar lo humano en relación con el orden vigente. De esta manera, se postula la idea de que el problema de América es el de recuperar toda la potencialidad del pensar y saber apostar al futuro, lo cual se realiza a partir de la revisión de los niveles económicos, educativos y artísticos del hombre americano.

Seed rescue from photoperiod sensitive American Joint Vetch (Aeschynomene americana L.) accessions using hydroponic cloning and aeroponics

Science.gov (United States)

American joint vetch, Aeschynomene Americana L. is a self-pollinated tropical pasture legume and the USDA, ARS, PGRCU curates 137 accessions from the United States, S. America, Mexico, Central America, and Zambia. Many accessions in this collection are photoperiod sensitive due to their typical flow...

Caracterización molecular, análisis morfológico y colonización micorrízica en la rizósfera del aguacate (Persea americana Mill en Caldas, Colombia

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Fredy Arvey Rivera Páez

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron familias de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA asociados a dos variedades de aguacate Persea americana Mill (hass y lorena, en 12 muestras de suelo rizosférico y raíces en Caldas, Colombia. Las esporas se obtuvieron por tamizado húmedo y centrifugación en gradiente de sacarosa, y montadas en los reactivos Polivinilactoglicerol y Melzer para determinar su morfología, y las raíces tratadas con hidróxido de potasio, ácido acético, azul de tripano y lactoglicerol, para establecer su colonización. El ADN fue extraído por DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QiagenTM y amplificado por PCR utilizando iniciadores sobre los genes 18S y 28S del ADNr nuclear, visualizado y purificado en geles de agarosa, y secuenciado por Macrogen Advancing Through Genomics–Corea del Sur. Los resultados muestran presencia de 12 morfotipos pertenecientes a las familias Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Diversisporaceae y Glomeraceae, y una colonización micorrízica superior al 90% en ambas variedades de aguacate. Se logró aislar ADN de nueve morfotipos y amplificar siete. El alineamiento de las secuencias de ADN se realizó en el programa ClustalW incluido en el programa Mega 6, junto con secuencias depositadas en el GenBank, utilizando el parámetro de distancia Kimura 2 (K2P, permitieron construir un árbol de similitud por el método Neighbor-Joining (NJ agrupando las muestras determinadas por morfología en las familias correspondientes. Estos resultados permitieron estandarizar protocolos para familias de este grupo, donde su taxonomía es dificultosa y controversial, registrando familias citadas en la literatura como de elevada importancia para la protección e incorporación de nutrientes en la planta.

Assimilate partitioning in avocado, Persea americana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finazzo, S.; Davenport, T.L.

1986-04-01

Assimilate partitioning is being studied in avocado, Persea americana cv. Millborrow in relation to fruit set. Single leaves on girdled branches of 10 year old trees were radiolabeled for 1 hr with 13..mu..Ci of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/. The source leaves were sampled during the experiment to measure translocation rates. At harvest the sink tissues were dissected and the incorporated radioactivity was measured. The translocation of /sup 14/C-labelled compounds to other leaves was minimal. Incorporation of label into fruitlets varied with the tissue and the stage of development. Sink (fruitlets) nearest to the labelled leaf and sharing the same phyllotaxy incorporated the most /sup 14/C. Source leaves for single non-abscising fruitlets retained 3X more /sup 14/C-labelled compounds than did source leaves for 2 or more fruitlets at 31 hrs. post-labelling. Export of label decreased appreciably when fruitlets abscised. If fruitlets abscised within 4 days of labeling then the translocation pattern was similar to the pattern for single fruitlets. If the fruitlet abscised later, the translocation pattern was intermediate between the single and double fruitlet pattern.

Quality of fresh-cut avocado (Persea americana Mill. stored under different temperatures Qualidade de abacates (Persea americana Mill. minimally processados armazenados sob diferentes temperaturas

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Ana Carla Marques Pinheiro

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures on the quality maintenance of fresh-cut 'Fortuna' avocado (Persea americana Mill.. The fruit was selected, washed and sanitized with sodium hypochlorite solution (190 ppm total residual chlorinee for 15 minutes. After that, the tip was cut and the fruit was also cut in halves, peeled and the pit removed, manually. Then the halves were immersed in 0.5% calcium chlorite + 0.5% cysteine solution for 2 minutes, to avoid darkening and packed in rigid plastic covered with 20 micrometer thick plastic wrap (PVC film with a permeability to O2, CO2 and water vapor of 15,000, 80,000 and 390 cm³/m²/day, respectively. The product was stored under 3 different temperatures 0, 5, 10ºC and evaluated at 5 different storege periods of 0, 2, 3, 5 and 6 days, in a randomized design in a 3x5 factorial. The storage of fresh-cut avocado at 5ºC is the best alternative because it determines better maintenance of quality of the avocado. These presented lower darkening of pulp, better scores for appearance and acceptability, lower softening and polyphenoloxidase activity, in comparison to those stored at 0 and 10ºC. The fresh-cut avocados stored at 5ºC presented a shelf life of 5 days, based, mainly on, appearance, score 7.3, sited between the concepts "like moderately" and "like very much" on a hedonic scale of 9 points and 86% of acceptability, at the end of 5 days of storage.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento na manutenção da qualidade de abacates 'Fortuna' (Persea americana Mill. minimally processados. Os frutos foram lavados e sanificados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (190 ppm de cloro residual total por 15 minutos. Posteriormente, efetuou-se a retirada da extremidade onde se insere o pedúnculo, o corte em metades, retirada do caroço e casca, manualmente. Em seguida, as metades foram imersas em solução com cloreto de cálcio 0

Assessing Hydraulic Modifications on Vallisneria americana in Peoria Lake, Illinois. A Pilot Study Using Data Sharing Protocols to Integrate Legacy Models

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Black, Patrick

2003-01-01

.... The modeling was directed toward an investigation of potential population increase of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneila americana as a consequence of the construction of a hypothetical levee...

Description of a new coccid (Hemiptera, Coccidae on avocado (Persea americana Mill. from Colombia, South America

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Takumasa Kondo

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A new soft scale insect, Bombacoccus aguacatae Kondo, gen. n. and sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccidae collected on the branches and twigs of avocado, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae in Colombia, is described and illustrated based on the adult female. An updated taxonomic key to closely related genera of the Toumeyella-group is provided.

Use of culture filtrates of Ceratocystis ulmi as a bioassay to screen for disease tolerant Ulmus americana

Science.gov (United States)

Paula M. Pijut; Subash C. Domir; R. Daniel Lineberger; Lawrence R. Schreiber

1990-01-01

Callus cultures of elm (Ulmus americana L.) derived from Dutch elm disease susceptible, intermediate-resistant, and resistant genotypes were exposed to the culture filtrates of three pathogenic isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Callus fresh weights, cell viability, and reactions of stem cuttings...

Volumetry of Genipa americana in homogeneous plantation in Southwest Bahia

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Mislene Barbosa Rocha

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This research aim to evaluate the volumetric estimates obtaining for Genipa americana, commonly known as jenipapeiro, in pure plantation in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. To determine individual volume, 100 standing trees were rigorously cubed. Ten volumetric models were adjusted. The best models were selected based on the selection criteria of weighted value of statistical parameters scores and residues distribution. Volume estimates were obtained by form factor and by adjusted equations. To validate the estimates, the calculate volumes were compared to measured data. Among the used methods to predict wood volume, the adjusted volumetric equations are recommended. Spurr (Log model present the best performance to estimate total wood volume.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflmmatory activities of Ximenia americana extracts

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Arun Kashivishwanath Shettar

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Objective: To evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Ximenia americana extracts. Methods: Herbal extraction was done by Soxhlet extraction method with increasing polarity of solvents viz., chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water. Phytochemical analysis was done using different biochemical tests. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts were analyzed by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum and 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, and anti-inflammatory activity by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Total phenolic content of each extract was also determined to assess their corresponding effect on antioxidant capacity of plant. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed that each solvent extract contained broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides, whereas compared to other solvent extracts, chloroform extract showed negative result for phenolic compounds whereas aqueous extract exhibited the highest phenolic content and the significant antioxidant capacity based on the test performed. Out of all extracts, methanol extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusions: The present study revealed that different solvent extracts of Ximenia americana leaves contain broad spectrum of bioactive compounds. Results confirm that aqueous extract exhibited high antioxidant activity and methanol extract exhibited high antiinflammatory activity. Further study requires purification, characterization and structural elucidation of phenolic compounds in both extracts that may help in the development of new phytopharmaceuticals.

Delineation of a New Species of the Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex, Borrelia americana sp. nov

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rudenko, Natalia; Golovchenko, Maryna; Lin, T.; Gao, L.; Grubhoffer, Libor; Oliver, J. H., Jr.

2009-01-01

Roč. 47, č. 12 (2009), s. 3875-3880 ISSN 0095-1137 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC06009 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : multilocus sequence analysis * B. burgdorferi sl complex * new borrelia species * Borrelia americana Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 4.162, year: 2009

Alguns aspectos da anatomía-ecológica de Persea americana Mili (abacateiro e interpretações fisio-ecológicas

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Moacyr Eurípedes Medri

1985-11-01

Full Text Available In the present work are presented anatomical differences in leaves situaded in different strata on the same tree ofPersea Americana. Analysis of linear regression and tests of coeficience of correlation demonstrate that in respect tb the relationships of the anatomical parameters studied, there is much interdependence. The histological point of view compares such parameters as number and size of stomata, volume of mesophyll, area of functional xylem, phloem, supportive tissue and epidermic tissue, and on the other han different microclimatic positions, domonstrates that Persea Americana is an extremely plastic species with much adaptability; as plastic as Hevea brasiliensis Muelli. Arg and much more plastic than Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Benpl.No presente trabalho são apresentadas as diferenças anatômicas em folhas situadas em diferentes estratos de uma mesma árvore de Persea americana MUI, mostrando através de análise de regressão linear, coeficiente de correlação conclusivos a, respeito das relações diretas e significativas no tocante aos parâmetros anatômicos estudados, evidenciando interdependências dos mesmos. Do ponto de vista histológico, onde se tomou como parâmetro o número e tamanho de estômatos e volume do mesófilo, área xilemática útil, floema, tecido mecânico e epidérmico, e de outro lado, condições microclimáticas diferentes, P. americana evidencia ser uma espécie bastante plástica, havendo uma relação direta se correlacionada ao seu amplo comportamento adaptativo, sendo tão plástica quanto Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Medri, 1977 e muito mais que Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Benpl. (Medri, 1978.

Bases das escolas Européia Norte e Americana, perante a cultura contábil e a proposta neopatrimonialista

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Antônio Lopes de Sá

2002-11-01

Full Text Available Como entender a matéria contábil, o método que se emprega para estudá-la, o respeito às tradições históricas como conquistas já feitas, as grandes finalidades desse conhecimento, em suma, como possuir uma visão realista e verdadeira sobre os fenômenos da riqueza individualizada é o que caracteriza uma "escola científica de Contabilidade". Diversos desses núcleos se formaram e ainda se formam, não só no setor contábil, mas, em todas as ciências, sempre em torno de lideranças, quer de pensadores, quer de grupos interessados em manipular idéias. Algumas escolas, todavia, basearam-se apenas no consenso de grupos e se ataram a um raciocínio pragmático. Por serem diferentes as concepções e os efeitos do tratamento que se tem dado à Contabilidade, as principais distinções de entendimento encontram-se, na atualidade, entre as escolas norte-americanas, pragmáticas e as européias, científicas. No Brasil a corrente científica do neopatrimonialismo oferece novas propostas em suas bases, mas, mantendo a fidelidade com as raízes latinas do conhecimento contábil.

EFICÁCIA DA FONOFORESE COM XIMENIA AMERICANA L. NA INFLAMAÇÃO DE TENDÃO DE RATOS

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Seânia Santos Leal

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: Diversos recursos terapêuticos, como laser e ultrassom isolado, combinados com fármacos e fonoforese têm sido utilizados em casos de inflamação e reparo de tendão, sendo o ultrassom pulsado bastante eficaz em tendinites crônicas. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia do uso da fonoforese com o extrato etanólico das cascas do caule da Ximenia americana L. na resolução do processo inflamatório crônico em Rattus norvegicus. Métodos: A amostra consistiu em 120 animais para análise da resposta inflamatória, utilizando-se como variáveis edema, força biomecânica, número de fibroblastos e análise histológica. Resultados: Nos 7° e no 14° dia, verificou-se diferença significativa entre o grupo ultrassom com gel do caule de Ximenia americana L. e o grupo ultrassom com placebo (p < 0,05 quanto à redução de edema, aumento da força máxima de ruptura, redução extremamente significativa da deformação máxima (p < 0,001, além de aumento dos fibroblastos. Na análise histológica, houve melhora do processo inflamatório inicial e aceleração do reparo tendíneo, com redução de células inflamatórias e com deposição de colágeno organizado com matriz extracelular densa. Conclusão: O ultrassom pulsado combinado com o gel do caule de Ximenia americana L. é uma forma terapêutica eficaz para a resolução do processo inflamatório crônico.

Chemical quality of different argentine honey varieties, irradiated to control american foulbrood; Calidad química de diferentes variedades de mieles argentinas, irradiadas para controlar 'loque americana'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zunich, C.D., E-mail: c.zunich@yahoo.com.ar [Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Avellaneda (Argentina). Facultad de Ingeniería, Maestria en Tecnologia de Alimentos; Markowski, I., E-mail: imarkowski@unla.edu.ar [Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Laboratorio de Fisico-Quimica; Narvaiz, Patricia [Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Ezeiza (Argentina). Gerencia de Aplicaciones y tecnologia de Radiaciones, Sector Irradiacion de Alimentos

2011-07-01

Gy dose, enough to control American foulbrood, and even at a 20 kGy dose, maximum allowed by the AFC for a minimum dose of 10 kGy, maintained the chemical quality of these five Argentine honey varieties during 10 months at room temperature. (author) [Spanish] Texto completo: 'Loque americana'es una enfermedad que afecta seriamente a las abejas. La miel puede estar contaminada con esporas de la bacteria causante, lo cual restringe su comercialización. La literatura científica informa que estas esporas, resistentes al calor y a agentes químicos, son inactivadas en miel por 10 kilogray (kGy) de energía ionizante, tratamiento que se requiere por ley en Sudáfrica para importar este producto. La inocuidad de los alimentos irradiados está garantizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Considerando que Argentina es un importante productor y exportador de miel, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de esta irradiación en su calidad química durante el almacenamiento. Mieles de distintas características, provenientes de 5 regiones del país: Centro, Patagonia, Norte, Litoral, Pampa Húmeda, fueron aportadas por productores congregados en una comisión denominada 'Miel fraccionada', dependiente de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación de la Nación. Quince kilogramos de cada variedad de miel fueron fraccionados en frascos de polipropileno con tapa de polietileno. Se irradiaron muestras en la Planta Semi Industrial de cobalto 60 del Centro Atómico Ezeiza, de actividad aproximada de 500.000 Ci, a dosis de 0, 10 y 20 kGy, medidas con dosímetro de dicromato de plata por el laboratorio Dosimetría de Altas Dosis (CNEA), uniformidad de dosis promedio de 1,1 y velocidad de dosis de 12 kGy/h. Muestras controles e irradiadas fueron almacenadas a temperatura y humedad ambientes durante 10 meses. Se realizaron análisis químicos requeridos por el Código Alimentario Argentino según métodos normatizados: humedad, acidez, diastasas, az

A Rússia Americana The American Russia

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João Marcelo Ehlert Maia

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura analisar interpretações do Brasil assentadas na idéia de que seríamos uma "Rússia Americana". Para tanto, analiso as contribuições de Gilberto Freyre, Otávio Velho e Vicente Licínio Cardoso, e apresento brevemente o caso russo, a partir das obras clássicas de Franco Venturi e Isaiah Berlin. Argumento ao longo do texto que essa percepção de que o Brasil teria uma geografia social "russa" implica a produção de um americanismo específico, que encontra sua maior expressão no pensamento de Vicente Licínio Cardoso e em suas idéias que conjugam fordismo e arielismo.This article seeks to analyse Brazil's interpretations founded on the idea that we would be an "American Russia". in order to do so, I analyse the contributions of Gilberto Freyre, Otávio Velho and Vicente Licínio Cardoso, and I briefly present the russian case, using the works of Franco Venturi and Isaiah Berlin. I suggest that this perception implies the production of an especific type of americanism, wich finds its greater expression on the unusual combination between fordism and arielism made by Vicente Licínio.

El registro bioarqueológico de poblaciones americanas tempranas: vías metodológicas para su análisis e interpretación

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Barrientos, Gustavo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El registro bioarqueológico correspondiente a la transición Pleistoceno final/Holoceno temprano (ca. 12500 a 8500 años 14C AP es escaso, disperso y poco conspicuo. En años recientes, ha aumentado notoriamente el interés por el estudio de las relaciones biológicas existentes entre muestras de restos humanos tempranos, tanto desde un punto de vista morfológico como genético. Sin embargo, estos estudios no han estado acompañados, en general, por un aumento en nuestro entendimiento acerca de los procesos de formación de tales muestras. La idea sustentada en este trabajo es que el conocimiento de factores tales como las diferencias en las prácticas mortuorias de las sociedades americanas tempranas, en tanto sintomáticas de la organización de las mismas a distinto nivel (i.e. demográfico, espacial, social, político, simbólico, etc., resulta crítico para dar significado a las relaciones biológicas inferidas. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta ponencia será presentar la metodología que actualmente está siendo desarrollada para interpretar la estructura del registro bioarqueológico correspondiente a la transición Pleistoceno final/Holoceno temprano en el Nuevo Mundo, en términos de la organización de las poblaciones humanas correspondientes a dicho período a escala continental o subcontinental.

Inhibición de la expresión del sistema agr de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina mediante el uso de polifenoles totales de hojas de aguacate mexicano ( Persea americana var. drymifolia

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M.A. García-Moreno

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción : La resistencia a los antibióticos por parte de las bacterias está provocando gran impacto negativo en la salud humana y en la producción animal. Actualmente, Staphylococcus aureus es considerada dentro de los seis principales grupos bacterianos con mayores reportes de aparición de resistencia a nivel mundial . Por otro lado , durante décadas las plantas de uso medicinal han sido fuente importante de compuestos bactericida s ; sin embargo, también se ha empezado a documentar otras moléculas con otros mecanismos antimicrobianos , como es la inhibici ón de la percepción de quórum ( anti - p ercepción de q u ó rum ( APQ . En la medicina tradicional mexicana las hojas de aguacate mexicano ( Persea americana var drymifolia han sido empleadas para tratar diversos padecimientos que involucran infecciones bacterianas, por lo que es factible contenga compuesto s que pose a n efectos antioxidantes , bactericidas y APQ, que ayuden a combat ir las infecciones de cepas resistentes. De t al manera , que e l objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de los polifenoles totales de las hojas de Persea americana var. drymifolia y su actividad APQ sobre cepas de S. aureus resistente s a meticilina (MRSA . Método s : Se obtuvieron l os polifenoles presente s en las hojas de 18 cultivares de aguacate mexicano mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido y fueron purificados en una columna de amberlita . E stos polifenoles fueron analizados funcionalmente y evaluados contra cepas de S. aureu s MRSA para determinar su efecto APQ sobre el sistema denominado Agr . Resultados : Los polifenoles extraídos de las hojas de aguacate de raza mexicana exhiben una fuerte actividad bactericida . D e los 18 cultivares probados, la variedad María Elena fue la que presentó el mayor efecto , exhibiendo una CMI de 116 μg∙ mL - 1 y un CMB de 133 μg∙ mL - 1 contra la cepa de MRSA μ3 . Sin embargo, también logran inhibir los niveles

Pistil Starch Reserves at Anthesis Correlate with Final Flower Fate in Avocado (Persea americana)

OpenAIRE

Alcaraz, Mar?a Librada; Hormaza, Jos? Ignacio; Rodrigo, Javier

2013-01-01

A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana) is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of...

Proconsuls and CINCs from the Roman Republic to the Republic of the United States of America: Lessons for the Pax Americana

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bradford, Jeffrey

2001-01-01

Political and media pundits have labeled the current period of post Cold-War world order the Pax Americana, reminiscent of the Pax Romana that occurred from 27 to 180 AD, during the zenith of the Roman Empire...

La Biología Molecular y sus aplicaciones en el estudio de la Tripanosomiasis Americana

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Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo

2000-08-01

Full Text Available

OTROS AUTORES:

Dr. Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
José César Jaramillo
Julio César Carranza
Jorge Lorenzo Sánchez
Leyder Helena Lozano
Diego Gualtero
Froylán Guayara
Ludwin Andrés Cuervo
Maria Teresa Mojica
Carlos Alberto Jaramillo
Académico Dr. Felipe Guh

RESUMEN:

Durante los últimos 35 años se ha experimentado un importante incremento de las publicaciones internacionales sobre la Tripanosomiosis Americana. Una reciente búsqueda en la base de datos MEDLINE por internet utilizando las palabras claves “Trypanosoma cruzi”, reveló 49 publicaciones en el quinquenio 1964-1968 con un incremento gradual hasta alcanzar la cifra de 1197 artículos internacionales en el quinquenio 1994-1998 (Figura 1. Sin embargo en cada uno de los países situados en las zonas endémicas de T. cruzi, existen numerosas publicaciones en revistas locales no indexadas cuya reseña queda excluida del MEDLINE.

Sin embargo, el análisis de las publicaciones en el ámbito internacional permite identificar los paradigmas, los retos y los nuevos enfoques metodológicos que motivan y desafían a los diferentes grupos de investigación. Son numerosos los avances efectuados en estos último 35 años en área tan variadas como la biología celular, la inmunología, la inmunopatología, la bioquímica, la biología molecular y la quimioterapia de T. cruzi, así como también en estudio de los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas.

Los últimos 20 años se han caracterizado por un vigoroso auge de la investigación en bioquímica y biología molecular y el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de genética molecular aplicadas exitosamente en los diferentes campos de estudio de la

Consideraciones sobre el cultivo del aguacate Persea Americana Mill. en Atlixco, Puebla

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Teresa Reyna Trujillo

1983-01-01

Full Text Available The production of avocado Persea americana Mill in our country has been intensified the last years, particularly in some states such as Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz and others. Specifically in Puebla, there are some counties "municipios", Atlixco among others, where its exploitation represents an important economical fact. Because of this, it is being pretended to increase the surface occupied with that fruit tree. However, its growth and cultivation, has been exposed to a great number of problems, such as the ecologic ones (inadecuate soils, for example and fitopathologic ones mainly, reasons enough to consider the increase of its growth as inadecuate.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria Species Isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India.

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D Leshan Wannigama

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. They may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. Hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India.Totally, 203 adult cockroaches were collected form 44 households and 52 food-handling establishments by trapping. Bacteriological examination of external surfaces of Pe. americana and Bl. germanica were carried out using standard method and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods.Among the places, we found that 54% had cockroache infestation in households and 77% in food- handling establishments. There was no significant different between the overall bacteria load of the external surface in Pe. americana (64.04% and Bl. germanica (35.96%. However the predominant bacteria on cockroaches were Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Kl. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa were the most prevalent, drug-resistant strains were isolated from the cockroaches with 100% resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and ampicillin. For individual strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli was found to have multi-resistance to four antibiotic tested, Citrobacter freundii four, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis to three.Cockroaches are uniformly distributed in domestic environment, which can be a possible vector for transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne diseases.

Avaliação de Programas de Gestão por Competências: um Estudo em Organizações da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza - CE

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Bianca Patrícia Lopes Rocha

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} A avaliação de programas e a gestão por competências têm sido adotados por grandes empresas no Brasil e são estudados aqui segundo diversas abordagens, passando pelos campos epistemológico, teórico, morfológico e técnico da metodologia quadripolar. No pólo epistemológico são apresentados os aspectos gerais da epistemologia de Bachelard, a epistemologia da gestão por competências e da avaliação de programas. O pólo teórico congrega uma revisão conceitual de algumas abordagens teóricas da gestão por competências: teoria da psicometria, teoria baseada nos recursos (VBR, teoria do capital humano, abordagem americana, abordagem francesa, pós-qualificação taylorismo-fordismo e dialética da competência. No pólo morfológico descrevem-se alguns modelos de gestão por competências e de avaliação de programas educacionais. No pólo técnico buscou-se a confirmação dos pressupostos com base nos pólos anteriores. Através de um survey com aplicação de questionários aos gestores de pessoas e áreas envolvidas no desenvolvimento e/ou implantação dos programas de gestão por competências na região metropolitana de Fortaleza-CE, pode-se concluir que as

Uso de la actividad colinesterasa para el diagnóstico de intoxicaciones por insecticidas organofosforados y carbamatos

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Juan Pérez M.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. La medición de la actividad colinesterasa (ChE es una prueba rápida y económica que se emplea en el diagnóstico de intoxicaciones por insecticidas organofosforados y carbamatos. Como la interpretación por el laboratorio requiere valores de referencia para cada especie, en este estudio se establecieron las actividades de ChE normales en sangre, cerebro y retina de varias especies de animales domésticos mediante el método de Ellman. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron encéfalos y globos oculares en el matadero central de Medellín, mientras que las muestras de sangre procedieron de animales remitidos al laboratorio de diagnóstico clínico de la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados. Las medias (±D.E. de actividad ChE sanguínea, expresada en μmoles de acetiltiocolina iodada hidrolizada/min/mL, fueron de 2.4± 0.2, 1.5±0.3, 1.9±0.3 y 2.5±0.2 para caninos, felinos, equinos y bovinos, respectivamente. En el encéfalo, la actividad ChE (μmol/min/g peso fresco, fue de 4.0±0.4, 5.4 ±0.3 y 4.9±0.3, en bovinos, porcinos y caninos, respectivamente. La retina bovina mostró una actividad de 21.7±2.45 μmol/min/g. Conclusiones. Los valores obtenidos coinciden ampliamente con los reportados por laboratorios certificados por la Asociación Americana de Laboratorios de Diagnostico Veterinarios (AAVLD, corroborando la buena reproducibilidad de la técnica y validando su uso como apoyo al diagnóstico de intoxicaciones por insecticidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa.

Transplantation immunity in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana: the rejection of integumentary grafts from Blatta orientalis.

Science.gov (United States)

Karp, R D; Meade, C C

1993-01-01

The results from several previous studies have indicated that the American cockroach is able to respond to integumentary xenografts, but doubt remained as to whether cockroaches could effectively discriminate between self and allogeneic differences. This was emphasized by the fact that while one study reported that Periplaneta americana responded to grafts donated by the closely related genus Blatta orientalis, the data reported elsewhere, using a different assay system, found no such reactivity. Since we have subsequently reported, using a direct histological assay, that Periplaneta can in fact recognize and destroy integumentary allografts, we initiated a study to hopefully sort out the enigma presented by previous data using Blatta as a transplant donor. Integument from Blatta orientalis was transplanted orthotopically onto Periplaneta americana, and at various time points post-transplant, scored histologically for the survival of the subcuticular epidermal layer. The results clearly demonstrated that Periplaneta reacted to the Blatta tissue, because approximately 82% of the grafts had the epidermal layer destroyed by day 7 posttransplant. The kinetics of the response to Blatta was more in line with our allograft data, which would be in agreement with other work indicating that the closer the donor and recipient are on the phylogenetic tree, the less intense the reactivity to the foreign transplant.

Simple Y-Autosomal Incompatibilities Cause Hybrid Male Sterility in Reciprocal Crosses Between Drosophila virilis and D. americana

OpenAIRE

Sweigart, Andrea L.

2010-01-01

Postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. Here, I examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. From these analyses, I reach several conclusions. First, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal F1 hybrid males are perfectly fertile. Second, later generation (backcross and F2) hybrid male sterility ...

Fortalecimiento del sistema judicial del Uruguay por la capacitación del sector humano; de la organización e integración de las escuelas judiciales americanos

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Mariella Leles Da Silva Orcoyen

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Contenido: Introducción. Poder judicial. Ministerio Público y Fiscal. Estatuto de los jueces. Reforma procesal.  El fortalecimiento de la justicia por la reforma procesal. Centro de Estudios Judiciales del Uruguay. Capacitación.Capacitación para el ingreso a la magistratura. Resultados obtenidos. Estadísticas. Perspectivas futuras. Rol del Centro de Estudios Judiciales del Uruguay en la carrera judicial. Autoridades del Centro de Estudios Judiciales del Uruguay. Federación Americana de Escuelas de Formación y Perfeccionamiento de Magistrados y Centros de Estudios Judiciales

Ações afirmativas na Educação Superior: o que acadêmicos brasileiros podem aprender da experiência americana = Affirmative action in Higher Education: what Brazilian academics can learn from the American experience

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Somers, Patricia

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo discute a história das ações afirmativas na educação dos Estados Unidos, da filosofia das ações afirmativas e do mérito do discurso para a educação, bem como reflete sobre a experiência americana. Refere-se, também, ao acesso à Educação Superior de jovens provenientes de classes minoritárias, brasileira e americana, examinado a importância da conexão da educação e da qualidade de vida. Chama atenção, ainda, para as relações que podem ser feitas pela educação brasileira, considerando a experiência americana

RELACIONES GENÉTICAS DEL AGUACATE (Persea americana Mill. EN SIETE MUNICIPIOS DEL CENTRO DE VERACRUZ, CARACTERIZADAS CON MICROSATÉLITES

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María Elena Galindo-Tovar

2011-11-01

Full Text Available México es el primer productor y consumidor de aguacate a nivel mundial. Las condiciones ecotopográficas de la zona Centro del estado de Veracruz y la distribución natural del género Persea, convierten el área en un gran acervo genético del aguacate. Debido a que esta especie presenta un alto grado de hibridación, la evaluación de las relaciones genéticas permite distinguir diferentes taxa e identificar material promisorio para programas de mejoramiento. El objetivo fue analizar las relaciones genéticas de Persea americana en la zona Centro del estado de Veracruz, mediante microsatélites. Se analizaron muestras foliares de 44 árboles ubicados en siete localidades; se realizó extracción de ADN y su amplificación utilizando iniciadores para microsatélites. Los datos se analizaron con el programa PopGene 3.2. Todas las localidades resultaron polimórficas, y aunque mostraron baja diferenciación genética, en el dendrograma se observaron dos grupos definidos por características de altitud, clima y suelo.

FORMULASI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI KITOSAN-TRIPOLIFOSFAT (TPP

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Ermina Pakki

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Ekstrak etanol Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr. diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sistem penghantaran nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi kitosan – tripolifosfat (TPP terhadap karakteristik fisik dari nanopartikel. Ekstrak bawang dayak diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan variasi konsentrasi polimer kitosan : tripolifosfat yaitu 0,5% : 0,5% (F1, 0,75% : 0,5% (F2, dan 1% : 0,5% (F3. Parameter pengujian meliputi penentuan ukuran dan indeks polidispersitas nanopartikel menggunakan particle size analyzer, pengamatan morfologi menggunakan scanning electron microscopy, pengukuran efisiensi penjerapan, dan disolusi in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel F1, F2, dan F3 memiliki ukuran masing-masing sebesar 256,30 nm, 376,28 nm dan 419,18 nm dengan distribusi ukuran yang relatif homogen dan efisiensi penjerapan masing-masing sebesar 69,54%, 77,51% dan 79,79%. Pengamatan morfologi dari nanopartikel menunjukkan bentuk partikel yang mendekati spheris (bulat dengan permukaan yang kasar. Profil pelepasan obat dari nanopartikel F1, F2, dan F3 pada jam ke-8 masing-masing sebesar 71,19 % (F1, 74,97% (F2 dan 80,55% (F3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang dayak dapat diformulasi dalam ukuran nanopartikel dengan karakteristik fisik yang bervariasi tergantung pada konsentrasi kitosan dan tripolifosfat yang digunakan. Kata Kunci:   Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr., antioksidan, nanopartikel, kitosan, tripolifosfat, gelasi ionik. ABSTRACT Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr. ethanol extract had been known to have excellent antioxidant activity that has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle delivery systems. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of chitosan

Physiological and foliar symptom response of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana and Acer rubrum canopy trees to ozone under differing site conditions

Science.gov (United States)

M. Schaub; J.M. Skelly; J.W. Zhang; J.A. Ferdinand; J.E. Savage; R.E. Stevenson; D.D. Davis; K.C. Steiner

2005-01-01

The crowns of five canopy dominant black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.), five white ash ( Fraxinus americana L.), and six red maple ( Acer rubrum L.) trees on naturally differing environmental conditions were accessed with scaffold towers within a mixed hardwood forest stand in central Pennsylvania....

Simulating the effects of climate change on population connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA

Science.gov (United States)

T. N. Wasserman; S. A. Cushman; A. S. Shirk; E. L. Landguth; J. S. Littell

2012-01-01

We utilize empirically derived estimates of landscape resistance to assess current landscape connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, and project how a warming climate may affect landscape resistance and population connectivity in the future. We evaluate the influences of five potential future temperature scenarios...

Desenvolvimento tecnológico por origem de capital: a experiência brasileira recente

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José Eduardo Cassiolato

2013-05-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the impacts of the technological internationalization process in the Brazilian economy, focusing on R&D activities, comparing national and subsidiaries R&D performance. After a literature review, the paper presents the statistical profile of US multinational companies, analyzing if Brazil is attracting these investments. In detail, it compares R&D activities of national and subsidiaries firms in Brazil; statistical tests identify the importance of origin of capital in Brazilian R&D performance.Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o processo de internacionalização tecnológica e seus impactos na indústria brasileira, com enfoque nas atividades de P&D, comparando a performance de empresas nacionais e filiais de empresas multinacionais. Inicialmente serão apresentados os principais conceitos e a evolução do debate teórico, incluindo as razões que estimulam e limitam as empresas a internacionalizarem suas atividades tecnológicas. Esta análise será complementada pelo perfil estatístico das empresas multinacionais norte-americanas, verificando como a participação do Brasil na atração de tais investimentos. Mais detalhadamente, serão comparadas as atividades tecnológicas de empresas nacionais e filiais atuantes no Brasil, com ênfase nas atividades de P&D. Testes estatísticos procuram, por fim, identificar a importância da origem de capital na realização de P&D no Brasil.

Thermal effects on growth and respiration rates of the mayfly, Dolania americana (ephemeroptera)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harvey, R.S.

1975-01-01

The mayfly Dolania Americana, common in the sand of Upper Three Runs Creek, Savannah River Plant, was studied to determine the effects of seasonal changes in temperature on population growth rates and to determine the effects of slight elevations in water temperature on respiration rates of this benthic species. Growth of the population increased with stream temperature until peak emergence of adults in June and July. There was a strong inverse correlation between body weight and respiration rates of immature nymphs. Respiration rates at 2.5, 5, and 10 0 C above ambient creekwater temperatures were not significantly higher than those measured at ambient creekwater temperatures. (auth)

Enfoques conceptuales y propuestas metodológicas para el estudio de las interacciones entre el medio ambiente y la salud: aplicación a un programa de investigación sobre la tripanosomiasis americana

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Cristina Romaña

Full Text Available Las modificaciones del paisaje causadas por las actividades y migraciones humanas contribuyen en hacer emerger o re-emerger enfermedades tropicales, particularmente aquellas cuya transmisión se realiza por insectos vectores que a menudo deben escapar a las condiciones cambiantes ambientales, adaptándose y modificando sus redes tróficas, su morfología, hasta su genotipo. Obtener una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre los factores ecológicos y humanos y las antropozoonosis es vital para poder identificar variables que permitan cartografiar el riesgo para las poblaciones humanas. Este es el objetivo del programa de investigación Ecología del Paisaje, Dinámica de los Agro-Ecosistemas y Complejos Eco-Patógenos: La Definición del Riesgo Eco-Epidemiológico en la Tripanosomiasis Americana que se desarrolla en diferentes ecosistemas del Brasil. Los autores describen las bases conceptuales y metodológicas del programa e insisten sobre el rol del método eco-epidemiológico para el estudio de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los focos naturales y antropizados de la infección. Modelizar su dinámica espacial y temporal permite concebir nuevos útiles de predicción y de vigilancia.

Enfoques conceptuales y propuestas metodológicas para el estudio de las interacciones entre el medio ambiente y la salud: aplicación a un programa de investigación sobre la tripanosomiasis americana

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Romaña Cristina

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Las modificaciones del paisaje causadas por las actividades y migraciones humanas contribuyen en hacer emerger o re-emerger enfermedades tropicales, particularmente aquellas cuya transmisión se realiza por insectos vectores que a menudo deben escapar a las condiciones cambiantes ambientales, adaptándose y modificando sus redes tróficas, su morfología, hasta su genotipo. Obtener una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre los factores ecológicos y humanos y las antropozoonosis es vital para poder identificar variables que permitan cartografiar el riesgo para las poblaciones humanas. Este es el objetivo del programa de investigación Ecología del Paisaje, Dinámica de los Agro-Ecosistemas y Complejos Eco-Patógenos: La Definición del Riesgo Eco-Epidemiológico en la Tripanosomiasis Americana que se desarrolla en diferentes ecosistemas del Brasil. Los autores describen las bases conceptuales y metodológicas del programa e insisten sobre el rol del método eco-epidemiológico para el estudio de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los focos naturales y antropizados de la infección. Modelizar su dinámica espacial y temporal permite concebir nuevos útiles de predicción y de vigilancia.

Characterization of Mn-resistant endophytic bacteria from Mn-hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana and their impact on Mn accumulation of hybrid penisetum.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wen-Hui; Chen, Wei; He, Lin-Yan; Wang, Qi; Sheng, Xia-Fang

2015-10-01

Three hundred Mn-resistant endophytic bacteria were isolated from the Mn-hyperaccumulator, Phytolacca americana, grown at different levels of Mn (0, 1, and 10mM) stress. Under no Mn stress, 90%, 92%, and 11% of the bacteria produced indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, respectively. Under Mn stress, 68-94%, 91-92%, and 21-81% of the bacteria produced IAA, siderophore, and ACC deaminase, respectively. Greater percentages of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria were found in the Mn-treated P. americana. Furthermore, the ratios of IAA- and siderophore-producing bacteria were significantly higher in the Mn treated plant leaves, while the ratio of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria was significantly higher in the Mn treated-roots. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Mn-resistant bacteria were affiliated with 10 genera. In experiments involving hybrid penisetum grown in soils treated with 0 and 1000mgkg(-1) of Mn, inoculation with strain 1Y31 was found to increase the root (ranging from 6.4% to 18.3%) and above-ground tissue (ranging from 19.3% to 70.2%) mass and total Mn uptake of above-ground tissues (64%) compared to the control. Furthermore, inoculation with strain 1Y31 was found to increase the ratio of IAA-producing bacteria in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of hybrid penisetum grown in Mn-added soils. The results showed the effect of Mn stress on the ratio of the plant growth-promoting factor-producing endophytic bacteria of P. americana and highlighted the potential of endophytic bacterium as an inoculum for enhanced phytoremediation of Mn-polluted soils by hybrid penisetum plants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Eumicetoma de grãos pretos por Madurella grisea: registro de dois casos Eumycotic mycetoma of black grains caused by Madurella grisea: report of two cases

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Luís Antonio de Paula Machado

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Os Autores registram dois casos de eumicetoma de grãos pretos, com localização podal, procedentes da Bahia, provocados por Madurella grisea Mackinnon et al., 1949. São estudadas a estrutura dos grãos, bem como as características micromorfológicas do fungo em vida saprofítica. Acreditam os Autores que estas observações correspondem ao sétimo e oitavo casos registrados na literatura do país, provocadas por este fungo. Os Autores consideram nomen dubium ou nomina confusa as seguintes espécies de Madurella: M. ramiroi, M. oswaldoi, M. bovoi, M. tozeuri, M. mansonii, M. brumpti, M. reynieri, M. americana, M. lackawanna e M. ikedae, o mesmo ocorrendo com a chamada Rubromadurella mycetomi. As únicas espécies válidas são Madurella mycetomatis McGinnis, 1980 (=Madurella mycetomi Brumpt, 1905 e Madurella grisea Mackinnon et al., 1949. Nos dois casos registrados o tratamento com itraconazol, por um período de 3 meses não fez regredir as lesões, havendo ligeira melhora clínica.Two cases of black grains eumycotic mycetoma, occurring on a foot, are reported. Both proceeded from the State of Bahia (Brazil, and in both the etiologic agent was Madurella grisea Mackinnon et al., 1949. The grains structure as well as the micromorphologic characteristics of the fungus in saprophytic life were studied. It is the Author's belief that these observations correspond to the 7th and 8th cases reported in the Brazilian medical literature. The Authors do consider the following Madurella species as nomen dubium or nomina confusa: M. ramiroi, M. oswaldoi, M. bovoi, M. tozeuri, M. mansonii, M. brumpti, M. reynieri, M. americana, M. lackawanna e M. ikedae and the same for Rubromadurella mycetomi. The only valid species must be Madurella mycetomatis McGinnis, 1980 (=Madurella mycetomi Brumpt, 1905 and Madurella grisea Mackinnon et al., 1949. Treatment with itraconazole in both reported cases, for a 3 month duration, did not produce any regression of the

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FOLIAR INJURY RESPONSES OF PRUNUS SEROTINA, FRAXINUS AMERICANA, AND ACER RUBRUM SEEDLINGS TO VARYING SOIL MOISTURE AND OZONE. (R825244)

Science.gov (United States)

Sixteen black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.), 10 white ash (Fraxinus americana, L.) and 10 red maple (Acer rubrum, L.) 1-year old seedlings were planted per plot in 1997 on a former nursery bed within 12 open-top chambers and six open plots. Seedlings wer...

Distribution of 137Cs in the American Coot (Fulica americana)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Potter, C.M.; Brisbin, I.L. Jr.; McDowell, S.G.; Whicker, F.W.

1989-01-01

Caesium-137 concentrations were determined for major tissue and organ components of Americal Coots (Fulica americana) wintering on two contaminated reactor cooling reservoirs on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant. Concentrations reflected the relative contamination levels of the two reservoirs. A low ratio of 137 Cs in gut contents to that in muscle indicated that the coots used in the study were established winter residents and tissue 137 Cs had probably reached equilibrium with intake. The contributions of each component to the whole body weight and total 137 Cs body burden were calculated. Skeletal muscle exhibited the highest 137 Cs concentrations and comprised 35% of the total 137 Cs body burden. Gut contents represented 17% of the total body burden. Various other organs were intermediate and bone exhibited the lowest 137 Cs concentrations. Linear regressions were determined for 137 Cs concentrations in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissue and gut contents, as functions of whole-body concentrations. (author)

El sentido de las enfermedades por parásitos intestinales en poblaciones americanas, identificando dilemas bioéticos

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María del Pilar Díaz Murillo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar sentidos que pueblos del continente americano le asignan a las parasitosis intestinales y plantear posibles conflictos o dilemas en las tomas de decisiones en diferentes actividades de salud producto del encuentro de valores distintos, campo de acción de la bioética. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de artículos sobre parasitosis intestinales que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión establecidos y suministraran aportes para la comprensión hermenéutica de las parasitosis intestinales y permitieran identificar dilemas bioéticos para actividades en salud resultantes del contacto entre las visiones émica y ética (de la biomedicina. Resultados: La construcción social de las parasitosis intestinales influye en su percepción de causalidad, nocividad y como problema de salud, lo cual afecta las acciones que la gente emprenda ante ellas. Se advierte que tales construcciones sociales pueden no coincidir con la perspectiva biomédica. Se observó que en algunas poblaciones la construcción social del cuerpo se relaciona con la percepción de efectos benéficos de los parásitos. La gente reconoce factores de riesgo pero esto no necesariamente conduce a comportamientos preventivos. Algunos estudios reconocen que la educación ha sido de tipo informativo, sin participación comunitaria, lo cual impide que la gente se identifique con ella y se sienta motivada a transformar su realidad. Se identificaron diversos dilemas bioéticos producto del contacto entre visiones de las poblaciones, y la biomedicina. Conclusiones: La aproximación émica permite entender la lógica de la población sobre las parasitosis intestinales e identificar disyuntivas bioéticas. Aunque la gente reconozca los riesgos de infección, la falta de comprensión de la perspectiva émica de los parasitismos por parte del personal de salud y las deficientes condiciones de vida permiten que no se produzcan transformaciones que incidan en la disminuci

Studies on the Paint Forming Properties of Avocado(Persea Americana) and African Pear (Dacryodes Edulis) Seed Oils.

OpenAIRE

Otaigbe, J.O.E; Oriji, O.G; Ekerenam, G.E

2016-01-01

Avocado(Persea Americana) and African Pear (Dacryodes edulis) seed oils were investigated for their suitability as base materials for oil paint production. Soxhlet extraction of the oils from the powdered seeds using n-hexane gave 3.63% and 10.40% yields for Avocado and African Pear respectively. Proximate analysis and chemical characterization of the seed oils were carried out using standard procedures according to the American Oil Chemist Society (AOCS) and the American Society for Testing ...

Contemporaneidade: uma psicopatia americana? Contemporaneidad: ¿una psicopatía americana? Contemporaneity: an american psychopathy?

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Simone Martins

2008-03-01

Full Text Available A herança recebida pela contemporaneidade inclui, entre outras características, a racionalidade, as normatizações, a influência da ciência, certa busca por legitimações e uma valorização das permanências. O objetivo deste artigo é questionar alguns desses conceitos tão arraigados no Ocidente utilizando recortes do livro "O psicopata americano", de Bret Easton Ellis, como ilustração e ponto de partida para refletir acerca de alguns aspectos. A tendência a diagnósticos individuais e a busca por anomalias que sejam respostas a questionamentos de uma sociedade que não se responsabiliza pelas margens que estipula, demonstram a compreensão de que o mal pode e deve ser controlado em favor da cidadania dos considerados normais. Questionar, refletir e se responsabilizar é princípio de mudanças sociais para além da simples repressão do diferente; e perceber que há um pouco deste diferente em cada um é repensar os papéis determinados socialmente.La herencia recibida por la contemporaneidad incluye, entre otras características, la racionalidad, las normatizaciones, la influencia de la ciencia, la búsqueda por la legitimación y la valorización de las permanencias. El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar algunos de esos conceptos tan arraigados en el Occidente, utilizando partes del libro "O psicopata americano" de Bret Easton Ellis, como ilustración y punto de partida para reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos. La tendencia a diagnósticos individuales y la búsqueda por anomalías que respondan a cuestiones de una sociedad que no asume la responsabilidad por las márgenes que determina, demuestran la comprensión de que el malo puede y debe ser controlado en favor de la ciudadanía de los considerados normales. Cuestionar, reflexionar y responsabilizarse es principio de transformaciones sociales más allá de la simple represión de lo diferente. Y percibir que existe un poco de este diferente en cada uno es repensar los

Immunotherapy, immunochemotherapy and chemotherapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment Imunoterapia, imunoquimioterapia e quimioterapia no tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana

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Wilson Mayrink

2006-02-01

Full Text Available The first choice of treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is the pentavalent antimonial drug. Although it has been shown that this treatment is mostly effective and indicated, some disadvantages should be taken into account such as side effects, long term treatment inconveniences and counter-indication for patients suffering from cardiopathy, nephropathy; yet, aging, pregnancy and other conditions. With the advent of the vaccine anti-American cutaneous leishmaniasis as a prophylactic measure, studies on therapy using the vaccine associated or not with other drugs have been performed by many investigators and it is currently among the alternative treatments and prevention measures for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. In conclusion, the association between antimony and vaccine (immunochemotherapy showed the same cure rate when compared with the standard treatment (100% and it was also able to reduce the salt volume in 17.9% and treatment length from 87 to 62 days, decreasing side effects.O tratamento de primeira escolha para leishmaniose tegumentar americana é o antimonial pentavalente. Embora este tratamento seja na maioria das vezes efetivo e indicado, devem ser consideradas as desvantagens tais como efeitos colaterais, longa duração do tratamento e contra-indicação para cardiopatas, nefropatas, idosos, grávidas e outras condições. Com o advento da vacina antileishmaniose tegumentar americana para fins profiláticos e terapêuticos, associando-a ou não a outros fármacos, muitas pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas, sendo a vacina a principal entre os atuais recursos no tratamento e prevenção da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Em conclusão, a associação do antimônio com a vacina (imunoquimioterapia apresentou o mesmo índice de cura em relação ao tratamento padrão (100%, e ainda reduziu o volume do sal em 17,9% e o tempo de cura significativamente, de 87 para 62 dias; conseqüentemente, reduzindo os efeitos colaterais.

Effects of ripening on rheological properties of avocado pulp (Persea americana mill. Cv. Hass)

Science.gov (United States)

Osorio, F.; Roman, A.; Ortiz, J.

2015-04-01

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Hass variety is the most planted in Chile with a greater trade prospect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maturity on rheological properties of Chilean Avocado Hass pulp. Fresh unripe avocados were washed and peeled, cut and stored at 3 different times; a portion was treated at 5°C and the other was treated at 20°C until it reached 2 lb puncture pressure. During maturation changes would develop due to temperature and time, with internal cellular structure changes. Preliminary results of the rheological characteristics of avocado puree show a Bingham plastic behavior.

Thomas Jefferson, I dilemmi della democrazia americana, translated and edited by Alberto Giordano, with a preface by Dino Cofrancesco (Novi Ligure: Città del Silenzio, 2007

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Pierluigi Chiassoni

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A review of Thomas Jefferson, I dilemmi della democrazia americana, translated and edited by Alberto Giordano, with a preface by Dino Cofrancesco (Novi Ligure: Città del Silenzio, 2007

Synthèses enzymatiques de néoglucoconjugués catalysées par l'alpha-glucosidase purifiée de la blatte Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus

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Kamenan A.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Enzymatic synthesis of neoglucoconjugates by purified α-glucosidase from cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus. Cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus contains in his digestive tract an acid (pH 5,0 and mesophile (50°C α-glucosidase. This enzyme, purified to homogeneity, hydrolyses highly maltose, sucrose and p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside. The ability of α-glucosidase from cockroach purified to homogeneity to catalyse transglucosylation reactions was tested using maltose and saccharose as glucosyl donors and 2-phenylethanol and phenol as acceptors. The experimental conditions were optimized in relation to the time course of the reaction, pH and concentrations of glucosyl donors and acceptors. The yields in transglucosylation reactions at 37 °C were very high and could attain 67% and 48% with 2-phenylethanol and phenol respectively as glucosyl acceptors. This α-glucosidase hydrolyzed the products formed. It seems that the products formed were the phenylethyl-α-D-glucoside and phenyl-α-D-glucoside. These results suggest that α- glucosidase from cockroach is an exoglucosidase which catalyse the splitting of the α-glucosyl residue from the non reducing terminal of the substrate to liberate α-glucose. This comportment indicates that this enzyme operated by a mechanism involving the retention of the anomeric configuration. On the basis of this work, α-glucosidase from P. americana appears to be a valuable tool for the preparation of α-neoglucoconjugates.

Diversity and genetic structure of jenipapo (Genipa americana L. Brazilian accessions

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Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Usually known as jenipapo, Genipa americana L. is a Rubiaceae Brazilian native species. It is an important species in the restoration of Brazilian riparian forests and is one of the most promising fruit trees for sustainable harvesting programs. In this study we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and structure of a Jenipapo Germplasm Bank using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR markers. We evaluated 160 accessions from wild populations, and the data generated from 12 ISSR primers were used to determine genetic variability via a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure and molecular variance analysis. In addition, Shannon index, genetic diversity and Jaccard coefficients were estimated. A total of 12 primers were used, which generated 123 polymorphic fragments. Four groups were formed from the analysis of the fragments, and the CR1-2 genotype was isolated, being more divergent than the other genotypes.

American foundations and the age of global philanthropy: how Brazil fares in the grant$ race = Fundações americanas e a era da filantropia global: como o Brasil está longe na corrida por fomento = Fundaciones americanas y la era de filantropía mundial: cómo va Brasil en la carrera de los subvenciones

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Jasinski, Lisa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina fundações privadas dos Estados Unidos que fazem doações às organizações não governamentais – ONGs e instituições educacionais no Brasil, durante e após a recessão global (2006-2012. Usando dados americanos, os autores identificam as fundações privadas americanas que destinam mais dinheiro para o Brasil, nomeiam as razões das instituições que recebem o maior apoio internacional e identificam como as fundações brasileiras têm sido impactadas pela crise financeira mundial. O artigo apresenta seções que descrevem a história do financiamento da educação, a literatura de pesquisas sobre filantropia global, a metodologia, os resultados e recomendações para estudiosos brasileiros da forma mais eficaz de concretizar subvenções

CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E FÍSICA DO JENIPAPO (Genipa americana L. ARMAZENADO

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A. P. da SILVA

1998-01-01

Full Text Available As características do jenipapo (Genipa americana L. produzido na região de Botucatu-SP, bem como sua conservação pós-colheita foram estudados quando armazenado sob temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração (10ºC. Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 7 dias quanto à perda de peso, diâmetro, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, pH e firmeza. Ao final do período de armazenamento (28 dias de conservação, os resultados mostraram que a temperatura de 10ºC foi adequada para a conservação do jenipapo e, que as características químicas e físicas dos frutos produzidos na região de Botucatu, são comparativamente semelhantes aos produzidos em outras regiões produtoras, com exceção do teor de sólidos solúveis totais que estão abaixo dos relatados.To study the chemical and physical characteristics of jenipap (Genipa americana L. produced in the Botucatu-SP region, and its post-harvest conservation fruits, were studied when stored at ambient temperature and under refrigeration. The fruits were evaluated every 7 days for weight loss, diameter, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and texture (flesh firmness. At the end of the 4th week of storage the results showed that the temperature of 10ºC was adequate for the conservation of jenipap, and that the chemical and physical characteristcs of the fruits produced in the Botucatu-SP region are similar to those produced in the other regions, except for total soluble solids, which was lower.

Impacto de la aplicación de los criterios de la asociación americana de tiroides en el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo en gestantes de Vigo, España

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Marta Pombar-Pérez

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar el impacto de la aplicación de los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Tiroides (ATA en el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo en gestantes del área sanitaria de Vigo en España, se analizó la concentración sérica de tirotropina (TSH, tiroxina libre (T4L y anticuerpos antitiroideos, comparando la frecuencia de gestantes diagnosticadas de hipotiroidismo aplicando los criterios utilizados en el laboratorio de hormonas del Hospital Xeral y los criterios de referencia propuestos por la ATA. La asunción de dichos criterios implicaría un aumento de un 29,6% de pacientes diagnosticadas de hipotiroidismo. La aplicación de los criterios ATA tuvo una repercusión en la medición de la concentración de TSH en gestantes lo que sugiere una evaluación de los valores de referencia de TSH en función de la población y los métodos de diagnóstico locales

Impacto de la aplicación de los criterios de la asociación americana de tiroides en el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo en gestantes de Vigo, España

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Marta Pombar-Pérez

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar el impacto de la aplicación de los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Tiroides (ATA en el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo en gestantes del área sanitaria de Vigo en España, se analizó la concentración sérica de tirotropina (TSH, tiroxina libre (T4L y anticuerpos antitiroideos, comparando la frecuencia de gestantes diagnosticadas de hipotiroidismo aplicando los criterios utilizados en el laboratorio de hormonas del Hospital Xeral y los criterios de referencia propuestos por la ATA. La asunción de dichos criterios implicaría un aumento de un 29,6% de pacientes diagnosticadas de hipotiroidismo. La aplicación de los criterios ATA tuvo una repercusión en la medición de la concentración de TSH en gestantes lo que sugiere una evaluación de los valores de referencia de TSH en función de la población y los métodos de diagnóstico locales

Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother-child cohort study in Crete.

Science.gov (United States)

Leventakou, Vasiliki; Roumeliotaki, Theano; Sarri, Katerina; Koutra, Katerina; Kampouri, Mariza; Kyriklaki, Andriani; Vassilaki, Maria; Kogevinas, Manolis; Chatzi, Leda

2016-04-01

Early-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive and psychomotor development was assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with the MSCA scales. After adjustment for a large number of confounding factors, the 'Snacky' pattern (potatoes and other starchy roots, salty snacks, sugar products and eggs) was negatively associated with the scales of verbal ability (β=-1·31; 95 % CI -2·47, -0·16), general cognitive ability (β=-1·13; 95 % CI -2·25, -0·02) and cognitive functions of the posterior cortex (β=-1·20; 95 % CI -2·34, -0·07). Further adjustment for maternal intelligence, folic acid supplementation and alcohol use during pregnancy attenuated the observed associations, but effect estimates remained at the same direction. The 'Western' and the 'Mediterranean' patterns were not associated with child neurodevelopmental scales. The present findings suggest that poorer food choices at preschool age characterised by foods high in fat, salt and sugar are associated with reduced scores in verbal and cognitive ability.

PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

Science.gov (United States)

Blenau, Wolfgang; Balfanz, Sabine; Baumann, Arnd

2017-10-30

The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP] i ) whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca 2+ signals or both Ca 2+ signals and effects on [cAMP] i . Here; we report that the American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B) in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1). When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP] i . Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana ; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.

PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

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Wolfgang Blenau

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs. Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP]i whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca2+ signals or both Ca2+ signals and effects on [cAMP]i. Here; we report that the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1. When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP]i. Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.

Food habits of stunted and non-stunted white perch (Morone americana)

Science.gov (United States)

Gosch, N.J.C.; Stittie, J.R.; Pope, K.L.

2010-01-01

We studied food habits of white perch (Morone americana) from two populations with different stable states (stunted [Branched Oak Lake, Nebraska] and nonstunted [Pawnee Lake, Nebraska]) to determine if change in food habits of white perch is likely to occur in situations where a stunted white perch population is altered to a nonstunted state and vice versa. Three approaches were used to quantitatively describe seasonal (spring = March-May, summer = June-August, autumn = September-November) diets of white perch - 1) frequency of occurrence, 2) percentage of composition by volume, and 3) mean stomach fullness. White perch diets were dominated by cladocerans and dipterans in both reservoirs during all seasons. Fish egg predation was similar between reservoirs, and white perch rarely consumed fishes in either the stunted or the non-stunted population. Shifting a white perch population between stunted and non-stunted states will likely cause little or no change in food habits; fish in both states will primarily consume invertebrates.

Estudio de una tecnología de extracción y fraccionamiento de aceite de ñandú de alta calidad para su utilización en la industria cosmética y farmacéutica

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Rosa Márquez

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio fue aplicar la metodología de extracción con calor en condiciones de vacío a  grasa cavitaria y exterior para la obtención de aceite de ñandú (Rhea americana con condiciones, una vez refinado,  de humedad, acidez, índice de peróxidos, color y perfil de ácidos grasos compatibles con las exigencias del comercio internacional para los aceites de ratites.En cuanto al método de refinación seleccionado fue el método de refinación alcalina. Las condiciones elegidas para la neutralización fueron: NaOH 10% y 0.1% de exceso de la misma. Luego el aceite se lava hasta un contenido de jabones inferior a 50 ppm debido a que los mismos afectan el valor de acidez. De esta forma se lograron valores de acidez muy por debajo del límite requerido por la AEA (American Emu Association para el aceite de emú extra refinado. Se utilizó tierra de blanqueo Supreme 126 (marca Tonsil de Quimica Sumex S.A., en una concentración del 0.5 %.Se determinó que no existen diferencias sustanciales entre la grasa cavitaria y exterior y en el proceso de winterización se obtienen  dos  fracciones con  perfil de ácidos grasos diferentes siendo la oleína más rica en ácidos grasos insaturados. El contenido de oleico prácticamente no varía entre las fracciones, mientras que el porcentaje de linoleíco (ácido graso esencial es superior para la oleína.En el presente  trabajo se obtuvo un aceite cuyas características y parámetros de calidad son aceptables para los requerimientos internacionales que deben poseer los aceites para aplicación en cosmética, haciéndolo factible de comercializar. Por lo que los métodos de extracción y refinación adaptados para esta aplicación son adecuados y simples de aplicar.

El lenguaje de las crónicas de Indias: entre la expresión del imperio español y la expresión americana

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Moreno Blanco Juan

1995-06-01

Full Text Available

El presente artículo busca discernir matices de expresión en la Crónica de Indias, a partir de la consideración del autor de éstas como individualidad de conciencia en su época. Tal individualidad se plasma en la continuidad de la expresión de una lengua o en la innovación en la expresión de la misma. Se postula la posibilidad de establecer diferencias entre las diversas crónicas a partir de la mentalidad del autor, que es captada en su aprehensión de la realidad americana, y la del otro, el americano, nuevo en la cosmovisión europea. Tres matices se distinguen: la crónica que expresa una inercia de la mentalidad del autor europeo y reproduce la opacidad en el conocimiento y la expresión del otro; la crónica que da cabida a la expresión del otro - creando un texto que accede a la policulturalidad - y, por último, la crónica que confronta ideas oficiales de España e inaugura un pensamiento crítico y original en la lengua de esa nación.

Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Shirong; Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang; Zhou, Xiaomin

2011-01-01

Highlights: ► Elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly promoted growth of P. americana, and A. cruentus. ► Total tissue Cs in plants was significantly increased. ► A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana. ► The two plants had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. ► Combined effects of elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation can be explored for CO 2 - and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. - Abstract: Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO 2 (860 μL L −1 ) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0–1000 mg kg −1 ). Elevated CO 2 and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO 2 than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO 2 concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation with regard to plant ability to grow and remove radionuclides from soil can be explored for CO 2 - and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology.

A transcriptome-snp-derived linkage map of Apios americana (potato bean) provides insights about genome re-organization and synteny conservation in the phaseolid legumes

Science.gov (United States)

Apios (Apios americana; “apios”), a tuberous perennial legume in the Phaseoleae tribe, was widely used as a food by Native Americans. Work in the last 40 years has led to several improved breeding lines. Aspects of the pollination biology (complex floral structure and tripping mechanism) have made c...

Diagnóstico molecular para Leishmaniasis

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Ysabel Montoya

1997-01-01

Full Text Available El potencial diagnóstico de epitopes inmunodominantes seleccionados fue ensayado satisfactoriamente a fin de obtener una prueba serodiagnóstica alternativa para la Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana. Dos proteínas recombinantes prometedoras de L. (v. peruviana referidas como T-26-U2/T26-U4 fueron reconocidas por sueros individuales de pacientes con Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana usando Western Blot. La sensibilidad de la prueba fue de 86% con sueros permanentes con Leishmaniasis peruana.

Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana: uma análise multivariada dos circuitos espaciais de produção, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2007 a 2011

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Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi

2018-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi explicar a associação dos fatores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra com a ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA nos circuitos espaciais de produção, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico do tipo analítico, baseado em dados secundários de casos de LTA dividido por triênio, no período entre 2007 a 2011, cujas unidades de análise foram os municípios pertencentes aos circuitos espaciais. Duas etapas distintas foram realizadas, sendo a elaboração de mapas temáticos com a identificação dos circuitos a primeira, e na segunda etapa um novo indicador casos de LTA por densidade demográfica foi associado com indicadores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra submetidos à análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP. Para o período avaliado, identificou-se três circuitos distribuídos nas mesorregiões Norte de Minas Gerais, Vale do Rio Doce e Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Houve forte associação dos casos de LTA por densidade demográfica com lavoura temporária, pastagem natural, floresta natural, terras inaproveitáveis e população rural, e uma fraca associação com pastagem plantada. A associação de casos com variáveis dos grandes usos da terra em diferentes perfis agropecuários demonstra o caráter ocupacional da LTA, associado principalmente com trabalhadores da zona rural. A associação da doença com as variáveis ambientais e deficiência das condições de saneamento básico também demonstram relevância no perfil de transmissão nos circuitos espaciais de produção em Minas Gerais.

Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etil Asetat Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill. dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach.

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Nurdia Asdar

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Identification of metabolite compound in acetone Extract from Fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach. Aim of this research is to identify the secondary metabolite compound in aceton extract from fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and to determine the potential of secondary metabolites from an avocado extract as anticancer. The compound was obtained from Identification process in several stages, namely extraction, fractination, purification and identification. The identification process was color test, TLC, spectroscopy IR. The toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT to Artemia salina Leach. The compound obtained from this research was yellow-white crystalline needle-shaped, the purity test with TLC analysis showed a stain in three eluen system on the stain test on three eluent systems with Rf proportions as follows; 0,15 from chloroform:ethyl acetat (6:4, 0,33 from methanol:chloroform (1:9, 0,75 for acetone:ethyl acetat, and positively to the reagent Wagner and gave brown precipitate for indicate as alcaloid group. This result is supported by spectroscopy from compound.While toxicity tests showed condensed acetone extracts  and pure compounds are toxic with LC50 value of each is 20.61 mg/mL and 39,81 mg/mL.

Reiterando o pacto: história, teologias políticas cristãs e a religião civil americana em uma era de multiculturalismo e império

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Bruno Reinhardt

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Há 40 anos, em plena Guerra Fria, Robert Bellah concluiu seu célebre artigo sobre a religião civil americana com a seguinte pergunta: como conceber a aplicabilidade legítima dos valores-chave que suportam o imaginário nacional americano para além dos confins territoriais do seu Estado-nação? O presente artigo quer revisitar esta questão criticamente à luz de incursões regulatórias recentes dos EUA sobre o campo da liberdade religiosa no globo. Primeiramente, reviso a história da relação entre secularismo, identidade nacional e cristianismo nos EUA. A seguir, analiso as articulações político-religiosas que dão origem ao International Freedom of Religion Act (IRFA, em 1998. Por fim, tento destacar como este exercício pode fornecer contribuições mais gerais para o estudo da relação entre religião, nacionalismo e poder secular na contemporaeidade, com ênfase na relação entre estes e o princípio de soberania do estado de direito.

Persea americana Glycolic Extract: In Vitro Study of Antimicrobial Activity against Candida albicans Biofilm and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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D. Jesus

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Persea americana extract on Candida albicans biofilm and its cytotoxicity in macrophage culture (RAW 264.7. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, microdilution in broth (CLSI M27-S4 protocol was performed. Thereafter, the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL (n=10 with 5 min exposure were analyzed on mature biofilm in microplate wells for 48 h. Saline was used as control (n=10. After treatment, biofilm cells were scraped off and dilutions were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After incubation (37°C/48 h, the values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL were converted to log10 and analyzed (ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. The cytotoxicity of the P. americana extract was evaluated on macrophages by MTT assay. The MIC of the extract was 6.25 mg/mL and with 12.5 mg/mL there was elimination of 100% of planktonic cultures. Regarding the biofilms, a significant reduction (P<0.001 of the biofilm at concentrations of 50 (0.580±0.209 log10, 100 (0.998±0.508 log10, and 200 mg/mL (1.093±0.462 log10 was observed. The concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/mL were cytotoxic for macrophages, while the concentrations of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL showed viability higher than 55%.

Políticas e poéticas feministas : imagens em movimento sob a ótica de mulheres latino-americanas

OpenAIRE

Maria Célia Orlato Selem

2013-01-01

Resumo: A presente pesquisa busca identificar poéticas feministas no cinema de mulheres latino-americanas neste século XXI. Nesse intuito, foram selecionados os seguintes filmes: La teta asustada, de Claudia Llosa (Peru - 2009); Que tan lejos, de Tania Hermida (Equador - 2006); Rompecabezas, Natalia Smirnoff (Argentina, 2009); Entre nós, de Paola Mendoza e Gloria La Morte (Colômbia, 2009); Sonhos Roubados, de Sandra Werneck (Brasil, 2009); En la puta vida, de Beatriz Flores Silva (Uruguai, 20...

Cloning and characterization of the adipokinetic hormone receptor from the cockroach Periplaneta americana

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Karina K; Hauser, Frank; Cazzamali, Giuseppe

2006-01-01

Cockroaches have long been used as insect models to investigate the actions of biologically active neuropeptides. Here, we describe the cloning and functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells of an adipokinetic hormone (AKH) G protein-coupled receptor from the cockroach Periplaneta...... americana. This receptor is only activated by various insect AKHs (we tested eight) and not by a library of 29 other insect or invertebrate neuropeptides and nine biogenic amines. Periplaneta has two intrinsic AKHs, Pea-AKH-1, and Pea-AKH-2. The Periplaneta AKH receptor is activated by low concentrations...... of both Pea-AKH-1 (EC50, 5 x 10(-9)M), and Pea-AKH-2 (EC50, 2 x 10(-9)M). Insects can be subdivided into two evolutionary lineages, holometabola (insects with a complete metamorphosis during development) and hemimetabola (incomplete metamorphosis). This paper describes the first AKH receptor from...

Preliminar toxicological assesement of Ruta graveolens, Origanum vulgare and Persea americana on the preimplantational mouse embryos

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V. Benavides

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The growing interest in natural medicine makes it necessary to study plant properties as well as their possible secondary effects. In recent years the toxic effects of many medicinal plants on the preimplantational mouse embryo development have been studied. Many of them produce malformations and alterations in the embryonic development. Ruta graveolens "ruda", Origanum vulgare "oregano" and Persea americana "palta" are used in rural areas to menstrual colic and to provoke abortion (estrella, 1995. This study is aimed at assessing "in vivd'the effect of extracts of "oregano", "ruda" and "palta" to 20% on the morphology and growth of preimplantational mouse embryos.

Competitividad de la oferta exportable de la palta Hass (Persea americana) en el mercado de Estados Unidos

OpenAIRE

Balvín Calderón, Eduardo Simeón

2016-01-01

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agronegocios La presente investigación denominada “Competitividad de la oferta exportable de la palta Hass (Persea americana) en el Mercado de Estados Unidos”, se realizó en el departamento de Lima e Ica, durante el periodo del 2004 al 2014. El propósito de la investigación fue realizar el análisis la oferta exportable, además se analizó las características del mercado de Estados Unidos de América y el nivel de compet...

Levantamento de plantas aquáticas no reservatório de Salto Grande, Americana-SP Aquatic plant survey in Salto Grande reservoir in Americana-SP, Brazil

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D. Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência relativa e o nível de infestação de cada espécie da flora aquática presente no reservatório de Salto Grande, Americana-SP. O levantamento e a identificação das plantas aquáticas foram realizados percorrendo-se as margens do reservatório em uma embarcação. Ao longo dele foram estabelecidos 20 pontos de avaliação, sendo todos eles fotografados e georreferenciados. Foram atribuídos valores de 0 a 100% tanto para as espécies presentes como para os espaços livres de macrófitas aquáticas que eventualmente pudessem ocorrer dentro dos pontos amostrados. Com os dados referentes ao número de indivíduos e pontos avaliados, foi determinada a frequência relativa de cada espécie. Foram identificadas 13 espécies em todo o reservatório, sendo 12 vasculares e uma de alga-verde (Chlorella spp.. Entre as espécies vasculares, nove eram plantas emersas flutuantes, as quais poderiam estar ou não ancoradas no leito do reservatório: Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brachiaria subquadripara, Cyperus difformis, Echinochloa polystachia var. spectabilis, Eichhornia crassipes, Panicum rivulare, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia auriculata e Typha angustifolia. Outras três espécies foram encontradas somente em solo firme alagado: Aeschynomene sensitiva, Hedychium coronarium e Mimosa pigra.The objectives of this work were to determine the relative frequency and infestation level of each species present in the Salto Grande Reservoir in Americana-SP. The survey and identification of the aquatic plants were carried out in the Salto Grande reservoir on a boat. Twenty evaluation sites were established along the reservoir, photographed and geo-referenced. Values from 0 to 100% were assigned for both the species present and for the aquatic plants that could possibly occur within the sampled sites. Based on the number of individuals and points evaluated, the relative frequency of each species was determined

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fu Xiaoping; Dou Changming [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China); Chen Yingxu, E-mail: yingxu_chen@hotmail.com [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China); Chen Xincai; Shi Jiyan; Yu Mingge; Xu Jie [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China)

2011-02-15

Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed) is a promising species for Cd phytoextraction with large biomass and fast growth rate. To further understand the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and detoxification, the present study investigated subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in pokeweed. Subcellular fractionation of Cd-containing tissues indicated that both in root and leaves, the majority of the element was located in soluble fraction and cell walls. Meanwhile, Cd taken up by pokeweed existed in different chemical forms. Results showed that the greatest amount of Cd was found in the extraction of 80% ethanol in roots, followed by 1 M NaCl, d-H{sub 2}O and 2% HAc, while in leaves and stems, most of the Cd was extracted by 1 M NaCl, and the subdominant amount of Cd was extracted by 80% ethanol. It could be suggested that Cd compartmentation with organo-ligands in vacuole or integrated with pectates and proteins in cell wall might be responsible for the adaptation of pokeweed to Cd stress.

Perfil de isotipos de imunoglobulinas e subclasses de IgG na leishmaniose tegumentar americana Immunoglobulin isotype and IgG subclass profiles in american tegumentary leishmaniasis

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Maria Aparecida de Souza

2005-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho avaliou o perfil de anticorpos em amostras de soro de 37 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico confirmado ou compatível com leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG. Os perfis das classes de imunoglobulinas e subclasses de IgG foram analisados pelo teste ELISA indireto, utilizando-se antígeno solúvel de Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis. A avidez dos anticorpos foi determinada pelo tratamento com uréia a 6 M, após incubação dos soros com o antígeno. Observou-se que 97%, 94,6%, 57,5 e 21,5% das amostras testadas apresentaram anticorpos anti-Leishmania das classes IgE, IgG, IgA e IgM, respectivamente e, os perfis das subclasses de IgG demonstraram, IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. Os anticorpos IgE anti-Leishmania de alta avidez corresponderam a 44,4%. Por outro lado, IgG e IgA anti-Leishmania foram em sua maioria (62,8 e 47,8%, respectivamente, de média avidez. A variação do perfil de isotipos, bem como a avidez das imunoglobulinas refletiu a complexidade da resposta imune humoral contra a leishmaniose tegumentar americana.The present work investigated the serum antibody profiles in 37 patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis, who were attended at Hospital de Clinicas - Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. The immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass profiles were analyzed by indirect ELISA using Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis soluble antigen. The antibody avidity was determined by 6 M urea treatment after incubation with immunoenzymatic conjugate. It was observed that 97% of the serum samples presented anti-Leishmania antibodies for IgE class, 94.6% IgG, 57.5% IgA and 21.5% IgM class. For IgG subclasses the profiles were in the following order of frequency: IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. High avidity of anti-Leishmania IgE antibodies was found in 44.4% of the samples. On the other hand, moderate avidity of specific IgG and IgA was observed in 62

Últimos avances médicos presentados ante la 93ª sesión anual de la Asociación Médica Americana en Atlantic city, Estados Unidos, junio 8 a junio 12 de 1942. Contribuciones latino-americanas

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Benjamín Mera

1942-08-01

Full Text Available Una sinopsis de los hechos más notables presentados a la Asociación Médica Americana como fruto del trabajo de investigadores de diversas partes del Hemisferio Occidental, reviste la mayor importancia para la información de los profesionales colombianos. Datos generales, y en lo posible lo más concisos, se dan en este resumen sobre trabajos personalmente seleccionados de Medicina General, Patología, Fisiología, Medicina Tropical e Higiene Pública, los cuales fueron presentados o exhibidos ante los 8.103 médicos que asistieron a la Convención médica más importante de los tiempos actuales.

Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO{sub 2} or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tang, Shirong, E-mail: tangshir@hotmail.com [Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191 (China); Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin (China); Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang [Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191 (China); Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin (China); Zhou, Xiaomin [Plant Science Department, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9 (Canada)

2011-12-30

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly promoted growth of P. americana, and A. cruentus. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Total tissue Cs in plants was significantly increased. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The two plants had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Combined effects of elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation can be explored for CO{sub 2}- and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. - Abstract: Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO{sub 2} (860 {mu}L L{sup -1}) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0-1000 mg kg{sup -1}). Elevated CO{sub 2} and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO{sub 2} than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO{sub 2} concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation with

Reunión y escritura femeninas en los contextos de las independencias americanas

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Patricia Martínez i Álvarez

2010-10-01

Full Text Available En los ámbitos de las relaciones de género y la representación de la diferencia sexual femenina, las mujeres –en el contexto de los procesos de emancipación y de construcción de los nuevos Estados en América Latina en el siglo XIX– llevaron a cabo proyectos propios de significación, al margen de los proyectos políticos que había en el escenario. El objetivo de la investigación que sustenta el artículo, es dar lectura, a la luz de los sentidos que las mujeres les dieron, a textos y contextos de aquel momento. Se recurre a fragmentos de dos de las obras literarias más importantes de finales del siglo XIX, para afirmar una historia de las mujeres que invita al final de la colonialidad americana.

Reunión y escritura femeninas en los contextos de las independencias americanas

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Patricia Martínez i Álvarez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En los ámbitos de las relaciones de género y la representación de la diferencia sexual femenina, las mujeres en el contexto de los procesos de emancipación y de construcción de los nuevos Estados en América Latina en el siglo XIX llevaron a cabo proyectos propios de significación, al margen de los proyectos políticos que había en el escenario. El objetivo de la investigación que sustenta el artículo, es dar lectura, a la luz de los sentidos que las mujeres les dieron, a textos y contextos de aquel momento. Se recurre a fragmentos de dos de las obras literarias más importantes de finales del siglo XIX, para afirmar una historia de las mujeres que invita al final de la colonialidad americana.

Integrating gene flow, crop biology, and farm management in on-farm conservation of avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Birnbaum, Kenneth; Desalle, Rob; Peters, Charles M; Benfey, Philip N

2003-11-01

Maintaining crop diversity on farms where cultivars can evolve is a conservation goal, but few tools are available to assess the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity on farms. One important issue for on-farm conservation is gene flow from crops with a narrow genetic base into related populations that are genetically diverse. In a case study of avocado (Persea americana var. americana) in one of its centers of diversity (San Jerónimo, Costa Rica), we used 10 DNA microsatellite markers in a parentage analysis to estimate gene flow from commercialized varieties into a traditional crop population. Five commercialized genotypes comprised nearly 40% of orchard trees, but they contributed only about 14.5% of the gametes to the youngest cohort of trees. Although commercialized varieties and the diverse population were often planted on the same farm, planting patterns appeared to keep the two types of trees separated on small scales, possibly explaining the limited gene flow. In a simulation that combined gene flow estimates, crop biology, and graft tree management, loss of allelic diversity was less than 10% over 150 yr, and selection was effective in retaining desirable alleles in the diverse subpopulation. Simulations also showed that, in addition to gene flow, managing the genetic makeup and life history traits of the invasive commercialized varieties could have a significant impact on genetic diversity in the target population. The results support the feasibility of on-farm crop conservation, but simulations also showed that higher levels of gene flow could lead to severe losses of genetic diversity even if farmers continue to plant diverse varieties.

Sinopsis sobre las Hydrocharitaceae de Colombia

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Schmidt Mumm Udo

1996-06-01

Full Text Available The aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae is actually represented in Colombia by seven genera and seven species (Egeria densa, Apalanthe granatensis, Halophila decipiens, Hydrilla verticillata, Limnobium laevigatum, Thalassia testudinum, Vallisneria americana. A first record of Hydrilla verticillata growing spontaneously in outside conditions is made for this geographical area. A key to genera is presented, with each species briefly commented and illustrated.En Colombia la familia de plantas acuáticas Hydrocharitaceae se encuentra representada por siete géneros y siete especies (Egeria densa, Apalanthe granatensis, Halophila decipiens, Hydrilla verticillata, Limnabium laevigatum, Thalassia testudinum, Vallisneria americana. Para el país se registra por primera vez a Hydrilla verticillata. Adicionalmente se presenta una clave para los géneros, con las especies brevemente comentadas e ilustradas.

NÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS MARCADORES CULTURAIS NA TRADUÇÃO INTRALINGUAL DE HARRY POTTER AND THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE PARA SUA VERSÃO EM INGLÊS AMERICANO

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Prof. Dr. José Reynaldo Pagura

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo buscou analisar trechos de diferentes capítulos da obra Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (obra original britânica comparando-o com os trechos correspondentes da obra Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (versão americana. O ponto central da análise foram os marcadores culturais presentes nos dois textos, assim como as estratégias necessárias quando da tradução intralingual, dirigidos por Arthur A. Levine, da versão original britânica à americana. Trata-se de uma mesma obra estudada na sua forma original britânica e sua versão americana, porém foram analisados dentre outros elementos, os nomes das personagens (se foram mantidos ou não, as adaptações lexicais e gramaticais resultantes das diferenças culturais existentes, apesar de ambas as obras serem escritas em inglês, os motivos pelos quais se fizeram necessárias mudanças no momento em que a obra britânica estava sendo intralingualmente traduzida para o inglês americano.

Tamizaje fitoquímico y evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos alcohólico y etéreo de la semilla de Mammea americana de Ecuador

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Patricia Manzano

2016-06-01

Full Text Available En  el  presente  trabajo  investigativo  se muestran  los  resultados del  tamizaje  fitoquímico  y la evaluación  del estudio de inhibición antimicrobiana  de los extractos  obtenidos de  la almendra  y policarpo  de la semilla de Mammea americana L (Mamey Cartagena del Ecuador. Los procesos de secado y molinado se realizaron por el método de Martínez (2000; el tarnizaje fitoquímico por el método de Miranda y Cuéllar (2000, mientras que la actividad inhibitoria se ensayó  mediante la prueba  de sensibilidad  por difusión  con discos (Winn,  2008. En el análisis  estadístico  para comprobar    la normalidad  de los  resultados  obtenidos    se utilizó    el  test  de Shapiro- Wilks  y Kruskal-Wallis  para determinar diferencias estadísticas entre los rangos de los tratamientos.  En el tamizaje fitoquímico   se   determinó   la  presencia   de   los   siguientes compuestos   químicos: aceites/grasas;   alcaloides;   flavonoides; quinonas;   saponinas;   lactonas;   azúcares/reductores   y taninos. El extracto alcohólico  mostró inhibición frente a Pseudomonas  spp, Salmonel1a spp y E. Coli; y, el extracto  etéreo inhibió  E.coli. Estos resultados  son los primeros   informados  para la especie ecuatoriana,    lo que  conlleva  a la  elaboración  de  una línea  base sólida  para  estudios posteriores.

Efecto antiinflamatorio de la Ephedra americana HYB sobre la encía de cobayos en procedimiento quirúrgico

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Arriola Guillén, Luis; Sacsaquispe-Contreras, Sonia

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antiinflamatorio de la Ephedra americana HyB en cirugía gingival en cobayos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental en 32 cobayos: 16 cobayos a los que se les aplicó el extracto etanólico de la planta (grupo experimental) y 16 el grupo control. Se les realizó incisión tipo media luna en la encía inferior, con desprendimient o del colgajo y se suturó; luego se obtuvieron biopsias excisionales a las 48 horas y a los 7 días para evaluación histopatológica del proc...

Evaluación del proceso de extracción de aceite de aguacate hass (Persea americana Mill) utilizando tratamiento enzimático

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Buelvas Salgado, Gustavo Andrés; Patiño Gómez, J. H.; Cano Salazar, J. A.

2012-01-01

Introduction. Avocado oil is rich in vitamins A, B, C and E, and is mainly composed by monounsaturated fat acids, which effectively reduce cholesterol levels in blood, thus helping to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Objective. Evaluating the performance of Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) oil extraction in E3-M (mature) from the East of Antioquia, by the use of commercial enzymatic complexes. Materials and methods. To develop this research work, a physical-chem...

Cultura em Comentário: uma revista de cultura e resistência (1960 - 1973)

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Taciana Wiazovski

2011-01-01

Este estudo reconstitui a trajetória e a contribuição intelectual de Comentário (1960-1973), revista financiada pelo American Jewish Committee (AJC) que seguiu o modelo da americana Commentary criada quinze anos antes. A publicação reuniu proeminentes nomes da cultura nacional e internacional da década de 1960. Procuramos pelas origens da revista nos Estados Unidos por meio de sua relação com a empreitada cultural norte-americana durante a Guerra Fria, considerando que tal publicação se dizia...

PRIMEIRA OCORRÊNCIA DE Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis LUTZ & NEIVA, 1912 (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE) NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL.

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Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo; Clicia Denis Galardo; Aderbal Amanajás Santana; José Claudio Cortes Mendes; Francisco Redivaldo Almeida de Souza; Jorge Pereira Duarte; José Ferreira Saraiva; Luiz Carlos Leite Pinna; Raimundo Wilson Carvalho; Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Correa; Ana Cristina da Silva Ferreira Lima

2013-01-01

Relata-se a primeira ocorrência de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o mais importante vetor biológico do agente causador da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA), no município de Ferreira Gomes, estado do Amapá, Brasil e por tratar-se de uma espécie com grande importância epidemiológica, os autores alertam as autoridades locais.   Palavras-chave: Amapá, Ferreira Gomes, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Leishmaniose Visceral Americana.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n2p179-...

Cinética de secagem e difusividade efetiva em folhas de jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

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L.A. SILVA

2015-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O jenipapo (Genipa americana L. é uma espécie nativa com importância medicinal, sendo amplamente utilizada no Brasil. Em função da necessidade de conhecimento à cerca do pré-processamento desta espécie, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de jenipapo (G. americana L., bem como determinar a difusividade efetiva da água durante o processo. As folhas foram coletadas com teor de água inicial de 2,30±0,05 (decimal b.s., e submetidas à secagem em três condições de temperatura do ar (35,3; 46,0 e 65,0°C até atingirem o teor de água de equilíbrio. Aos dados experimentais, ajustaram-se doze modelos matemáticos, recomendados para representar o processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. As magnitudes do coeficiente de determinação (R2, do erro médio relativo (P, do erro médio estimado (SE e do teste do qui-quadrado (χ2, foram utilizadas para verificar o grau de ajuste dos modelos. Os modelos de Henderson e Pabis modificado e Midilli apresentaram ajustes adequados aos dados experimentais, sendo o modelo de Midilli, em função de sua simplicidade, escolhido para representar a cinética de secagem das folhas de jenipapo. Aumentando a temperatura do ar de secagem de 35,3 para 46,0 e 65,0ºC houve redução no tempo de secagem das folhas de jenipapo de 91,1 para 62,5 e 24,2 horas, respectivamente. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, e esta relação é descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, que apresenta energia de ativação para a difusão líquida de 33,9 kJ mol-1.

El mundo del libro: octubre de 1964

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Agustín Rodríguez Garavito

1964-10-01

Full Text Available El documento presenta las reseñas de los siguientes títulos: Problemas y Perspectivas de la Novela Americana - Por Uriel Ospina. Tercer Mundo. La depresión melancólica en la vida, en la obra y en la muerte de José Asunción Silva - Por Edmundo Rico. Imprenta Departamental. Tunja. Colombia. El pensamiento colombiano en el Siglo XIX - Por Jaime Jaramillo Uribe. Editorial Temis.-Bogotá. Colombia. Los Bari - Por P. Antonio de Alcácer.

In vitro evaluation of genotoxicity of avocado (Persea americana) fruit and leaf extracts in human peripheral lymphocytes.

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Kulkarni, Paresh; Paul, Rajkumar; Ganesh, N

2010-07-01

Persea americana is much sought after both for the nutritional value of its fruit and the medicinal values of its various plant parts. A chromosomal aberration assay was undertaken to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of crude extracts from avocado fruits and leaves. Chromosomal aberrations were observed in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to separately increasing concentrations of 50% methanolic extracts of Persea americana fruit and leaves. The groups exposed to leaf and fruit extracts, respectively, showed a concentration-dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations as compared to that in a control group. The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of leaf extract were found respectively to be 58 ± 7.05, 72 ± 6.41, and 78 ± 5.98, which were significantly higher (p < 0.0001 each) than that in the control group (6 ± 3.39). The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of fruit extract were found to be 18 ± 5.49, 40 ± 10.00, and 52 ± 10.20, respectively, which were significantly higher (p = 0.033, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) than that for control (6 ± 3.39). Acrocentric associations and premature centromeric separation were the two most common abnormalities observed in both the exposed groups. The group exposed to leaf extracts also showed a significant number of a variety of other structural aberrations, including breaks, fragments, dicentrics, terminal deletion, minutes, and Robertsonian translocations. The group exposed to leaf extract showed higher frequency of all types of aberrations at equal concentrations as compared to the group exposed to fruit extract.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) AND AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA) FRUITS IN ILLU ABABOR ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

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Lalisa Wakjira Duresa1*, Daniel Manaye2

2017-01-01

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Avocado (Persea americana) fruits are rich in bioactive molecules that protect human cells against the detrimental effect of free radicals. The phytochemical analysis revealed the Presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids in both fruits. The free radical scavenging activity using total antioxidant capacity of the phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method were carried out on the water extracts of mango and avocado...

Sobre una Rodoficea parasita de Gelidiaceas

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Seoane Camba, Juan Antonio

1982-01-01

En este trabajo se hace un estudio de una Rodofícea parásita, encontrada sobre Gelidium cantabricum Seoane-Camba y Gelidium sesquipedale (Clemente) Thuret. Por sus características generales atribuímos esta planta al género Gelidiocolax. descrito por Gardner en 1927 para un parásito de Gelidium pulchrum Gardner de las costas americanas del Pacífico...

Estilos de referencia APA

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Gomis Selva, Nieves; Delgado Domenech, Beatriz; González García, María; Sánchez Colodrero, Vicente; Jover Mira, Irene; León Antón, María José

2011-01-01

El estilo de referencia de la Asociación Psicológica Americana (APA) es el formato más aceptado y comúnmente utilizado por profesionales e investigadores de ciencias sociales, como Psicología, Magisterio, Enfermería, Criminología, Relaciones públicas, entre otras. La adopción de un estilo de referencia compartido facilita la elaboración y redacción de trabajos, así como la comprensión por parte de otros profesionales interesados por disciplinas afines. Por ello, es imprescindible que los futu...

[The Unión Médica Hispano-Americana (1900) and its contribution to scientific internationalism].

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Olagüe de Ros, Guillermo

2006-01-01

The Unión Médica Hispano-Americana was founded during the XIII International Congress of Medicine of Paris in 1900. Its main aim was to strengthen the cultural and scientific ties among Spanish speaking countries. The first assembly took place in Madrid in the Spring of 1903. The most interesting paper presented was undoubtedly that of Manuel Tolosa Latour. He suggested creating a Diccionario Tecnológico Médico Hispano-Americano. The society had no continuity and neither did the dictionary. The reasons for this failure must be seen in the absence of economic support by political authorities in Spain and America, the organizational weakness of the Unión and the poverty of its action program, which was imbued with a triumphalist rhetoric, empty of content and highly paternalistic in its relations with the American world.

La pasión americana de Nuria Amat

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Regazzoni, Susanna

2006-08-01

Full Text Available This study is about Nuria Amat publications and the relation of her novels with the period after Franco’s dictatorship and Gender study. In a special way, I present the study of Reina de América -placed in Colombia- studied and relationated with Nuria Amat’s pasion towards Latin American literature.El presente ensayo trata la obra de Nuria Amat dentro del contexto de la narrativa española de los años de la transición y de los estudios de género. Junto con una presentación de la problemática de la escritura de mujer y en relación con la producción literaria femenina de la época, se pone de relieve la original personalidad de la autora catalana y su especial gusto por el juego intertextual, por una escritura intelectual y su predilección por la literatura latinoamericana. A este propósito, se analiza el texto Reina de América (2002, cuya historia se ambienta en Colombia, como síntesis de prosa lírica y crónica periodística.

Avocado (Persea americana) seed as a source of bioactive phytochemicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Dabas, Deepti; Shegog, Rachel M; Ziegler, Gregory R; Lambert, Joshua D

2013-01-01

The pulp of avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) has been reported to have beneficial cardiovascular health effects. Avocado oil is used for dermatological applications and its unsaponifiable portion is reported to have beneficial effects against osteoarthritis. Although the seed represents a considerable percentage of the total fruit, scientific research on the phytochemistry and biological effects of avocado seeds is in the nascent stages,. Currently, the seed represents an under-utilized resource and a waste issue for avocado processors. There is ethno-pharmacological information on the use of seeds for the treatment of health-related conditions, especially in South American countries where avocados are endemic and currently grown on a large scale. Current research has shown that avocado seeds may improve hypercholesterolemia, and be useful in the treatment of hypertension, inflammatory conditions and diabetes. Seeds have also been found to possess insecticidal, fungicidal, and anti-microbial activities. The avocado seeds and rich in phenolic compounds, and these may play a role in the putative health effects. Historically, extracts of avocado seeds were also used as ink for writing and research in our laboratory has explored the potential colorant properties of a polyphenol oxidase-produced colored avocado seed extract. Here, we review the currently-available data on the bioactivity and other functional properties of avocado seeds. We discuss the strength of the available data, the putative active compounds, and potential directions for future studies.

Maternal depression and personality traits in association with child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years: Mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece.

Science.gov (United States)

Koutra, Katerina; Roumeliotaki, Theano; Kyriklaki, Andriani; Kampouri, Mariza; Sarri, Katerina; Vassilaki, Maria; Bitsios, Panos; Kogevinas, Manolis; Chatzi, Leda

2017-08-01

Poor perinatal maternal mental health has been linked with negative outcomes on early child development; however, the importance of maternal personality has been neglected thus far. We aimed to examine the effects of antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health, including assessment of maternal personality characteristics, on child neuropsychological and behavioral development at preschool years in a population based mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. Self-reported measures of maternal depression (EPDS), trait anxiety (STAI-Trait) and personality traits (EPQ-R) were assessed in a sample of 288 women at 28-32 weeks of gestation. A larger sample of 642 mothers completed the EPDS scale at 8 weeks postpartum. Children's neuropsychological (MSCA) and behavioral (ADHDT and SDQ) development were assessed at 4 years of age. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for potential confounders. Regarding child neuropsychological development, increased postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with child's perceptual performance, whereas increased maternal psychoticism was linked with child's motor ability at 4 years of age. Furthermore, elevated levels of maternal depression during pregnancy and postpartum, and the predisposing personality characteristics of trait anxiety and neuroticism, were associated with children's behavioral difficulties. A clinical diagnostic instrument for maternal mental health was not used and assessment of children's behavior was based on maternal report. These findings suggest that poor perinatal maternal mental health and an adverse personality profile may be associated with impaired child neuropsychological and behavioral development at preschool years. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Uso actual y potencial de la flora de la ciénaga de Zapatosa, en el municipio de Chimichagua, Cesar - Colombia

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Néstor David Jiménez Escobar

2007-08-01

importancia de las especies nativas, principalmente de las ubicadas dentro de la categoría de Artesanales y Construcción, por su importancia cultural y ambiental, pues son fundamentales para la generación de planes de manejo y conservación. Entre ellas se destacan la palma estera (Astrocaryum malybo y el Banco (Gyrocarpus americana, por el grado de amenaza en la que se encuentran y por su estrecha relación con el patrimonio cultural de la región.

las disfunciones tiroideas mínimas

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Carlos Hernández-Cassis

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El hipotiroidismo subclínico y sus consecuencias clínicas ha sido objeto de debate científico por espacio de varias décadas. A raíz de la publicación de la declaración de consenso acerca de la disfunción tiroidea subclínica en el año 2005, realizada por la Sociedad Americana de Endocrinologìa (The Endocrine Society, la Asociación Americana de Endocrinólogos Clínicos (AACE y la Asociación Americana de la Tiroides (ATA se abrió un nuevo espacio para los endocrinólogos en el manejo de algunas disfunciones tiroideas que no habían sido tenidas en cuenta dentro del campo de accion terapéutico. Los autores hacen un recuento de cómo se produce el cambio en los paradigmas y en el enfoque diagnostico y terapéutico. Luego hacen un recuento de algunas de las experiencias desarrolladas en Colombia. Finalmente sugieren algunos derroteros a partir de su propia experiencia y también basados en logros científicos de otras fuentes obtenidos en otros campos de la Endocrinologìa moderna.

MEDELLÍN: FERTILE SEEDS OF PASTORAL CONVERSION IN THE UNITED STATES

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Allan Figueroa Deck

2018-04-01

RESUMO: Este artigo investiga a forma pela qual tanto o evento como o documento de Medellín tiveram papel significativo na evolução dos ministérios pastorais e sociais da população de origem latino-americana dos Estados Unidos nos últimos cinquenta anos. A recepção de Medellín nos Estados Unidos, dentro do contexto mais amplo que se seguiu ao Concílio Vaticano II, foi ampla e profunda, e é aqui delineada em seus muitos desdobramentos. Naquelas comunidades de origem latino-americana, na forma de organizações comunitárias de base conforme a tra­dição de Saul Alinsky, os ministérios sociais de cunho confessional foram influen­ciados pela opção pelos pobres e pela pastoral de conjunto lançadas por Medellín. Vários outros exemplos do impacto causado por Medellín são aqui situados no seu contexto histórico mais amplo da última metade de século, período no qual a população de origem latino-americana despontou como majoritária entre todos os católicos norte-americanos na faixa etária até 35 anos.

Transcriptome analysis of Phytolacca americana L. in response to cadmium stress.

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Yongkun Chen

Full Text Available Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed has metal phytoremediation potential, but little is known about its metal accumulation-related genes. In this study, the de novo sequencing of total RNA produced 53.15 million reads covering 10.63 gigabases of transcriptome raw data in cadmium (Cd-treated and untreated pokeweed. Of the 97,502 assembled unigenes, 42,197 had significant matches in a public database and were annotated accordingly. An expression level comparison between the samples revealed 1515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 923 down- and 592 up-regulated under Cd treatment. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that they were involved in 72 metabolism pathways, with photosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, ribosome, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms containing 24, 18, 72, 14, 7 and 15 genes, respectively. Genes related to heavy metal tolerance, absorption, transport and accumulation were also identified, including 11 expansins, 8 nicotianamine synthases, 6 aquaporins, 4 ZRT/IRT-like proteins, 3 ABC transporters and 3 metallothioneins. The gene expression results of 12 randomly selected DEGs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR, and showed different response patterns to Cd in their roots, stems and leaves. These results may be helpful in increasing our understanding of heavy metal hyperaccumulators and in future phytoremediation applications.

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro.

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Oboh, Ganiyu; Odubanjo, Veronica O; Bello, Fatai; Ademosun, Ayokunle O; Oyeleye, Sunday I; Nwanna, Emem E; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O

2016-03-01

Avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds are used in traditional medicine for the treatment/management of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, information on the mechanism of actions is limited. This study sought to investigate the effect of P. americana leaf and seed aqueous extracts on some enzymes linked with AD (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE] activities) and their antioxidant potentials in vitro. The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of Fe2+- and sodium nitroprusside-induced thiobarbiturate reactive species [TBARS] production in rat brain homogenates, radicals [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide] scavenging and iron [Fe] chelation abilities) were investigated. Phenolic content and phytochemical screening were carried out. Alkaloid profile was also determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID. The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

FARC-EP: a imagem da guerrilha através de textos redigidos por guerrilheiros

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Júlio César da Silva Lopes

2005-12-01

Full Text Available As Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia foram fundadas oficialmente em 1964 e o grupo continua ativo até os dias atuais. Para se compreender melhor o seu surgimento, é necessário analisar o contexto colombiano nas décadas anteriores, como o assassinato de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán em 1948 e a onda de violência que tomou conta do país logo em seguida, conhecida como La Violencia, palco do surgimento dos primeiros grupos guerrilheiros do país. A produção cultural dos guerrilheiros aborda desde fatos cotidianos nos acampamentos e povoados até a narrativa de fatos marcantes para o grupo ou a população. Muitos desses textos e poemas têm por finalidade mostrar o lado voluntarista do guerrilheiro, que tem consciência da situação do país e luta para que esse quadro mude, tentando despertar esse mesmo sentimento na população que lê esses versos. Apagar a imagem do guerrilheiro violento e criminoso que os departamentos do governo e a mídia norte-americana tentam transmitir à população é também um dos objetivos presentes nesses textos, muito ricos em significados e simbologias populares.

Portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, POR-006 SKID D storage plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, O.D.; Keller, G.M.

1997-01-01

This document provides a storage plan for portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, AND POR-006 SKID D. The exhausters will be stored until they are needed by the TWRS (Tank Waste Remediation Systems) Saltwell Pumping Program. The storage plan provides criteria for portable exhauster storage, periodic inspections during storage, and retrieval from storage

Effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ["Avocado"] ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and on kidney cell lines of the proximal (LLCPK1) and distal tubules (MDBK).

Science.gov (United States)

Gondwe, M; Kamadyaapa, D R; Tufts, M A; Chuturgoon, A A; Ojewole, J A O; Musabayane, C T

2008-01-01

Extracts of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ("Avocado") have been traditionally used to treat hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, we studied the hypoglycaemic and renal function effects of P. americana leaf ethanolic extracts (PAE) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance responses to various doses of PAE were monitored in fasted rats following a glucose load. Rats treated with deionized water or standard hypoglycaemic drugs acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Acute renal effects of PAE were investigated in anesthetized rats challenged with 0.077 M NaCl after a 3.5-h equilibration for 4 h comprising 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment and 1.5 h recovery periods. PAE was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Hepatic glycogen concentration was measured after 6 weeks of daily treatment with PAE. PAE induced dose-dependent hypoglycaemic responses in STZ-induced diabetic rats while subchronic PAE treatment additionally increased hepatic glycogen concentrations. Acute PAE infusion decreased urine flow and electrolyte excretion rates, whilst subchronic treatment reduced plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. These results indicate not only the basis of the ethnomedicinal use of P. americana leaf extract in diabetes management, but also of need for further studies to identify and evaluate the safety of PAE's bioactive compounds. (c) 2008 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 70% METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AVOCADO LEAF (Persea americana Mill IN DECREASING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN MALE RATS (Rattus norvegicus WISTAR STRAIN INDUCED ALLOXAN

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Retno Sintowati

2017-01-01

Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan penelitian pretest – posttest with control group design. Hewan uji yang digunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar, umur 2-3 bulan, dan berat badan 150-200 gram yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok I: kontrol negatif (aquades, kelompok II: kontrol positif (glibenklamid, kelompok III, IV, V : ekstrak metanol 70% daun alpukat dengan dosis berturut-turut adalah sebagbai berikut: 100 mg/ 200 grBB, 150 mg/ 200 grBB, 200 mg/ 200 grBB. Gula darah diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA, data penurunan kadar gula darah hari ke-7 pemberian ekstrak nilai probabilitas signifikan p = 0, 000 dengan demikian p < 0, 05 maka terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah yang bermakna. Berdasarkan uji LSD dari semua kelompok didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah yang signifikan antara2 kelompok. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak metanol 70% daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill dosis 200 mg/200; 100 mg/200 and 150 mg/ 200 gram/berat badan dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada mencit jantan galur wistar Kata Kunci : Ekstrak metanol 70%, Alpukat (Persea americana Mill, gula darah, diabetes mellitus.

Bitter-tasting and kokumi-enhancing molecules in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.).

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Degenhardt, Andreas Georg; Hofmann, Thomas

2010-12-22

Sequential application of solvent extraction and RP-HPLC in combination with taste dilution analyses (TDA) and comparative TDA, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments, led to the discovery of 10 C(17)-C(21) oxylipins with 1,2,4-trihydroxy-, 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-, and 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motifs, respectively, besides 1-O-stearoyl-glycerol and 1-O-linoleoyl-glycerol as bitter-tasting compounds in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.). On the basis of quantitative data, dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors, and taste re-engineering experiments, these phytochemicals, among which 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-octadeca-12-ene was found with the highest taste impact, were confirmed to be the key contributors to the bitter off-taste developed upon thermal processing of avocado. For the first time, those C(17)-C(21) oxylipins exhibiting a 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy- and a 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motif, respectively, were discovered to induce a mouthfulness (kokumi)-enhancing activity in sub-bitter threshold concentrations.

Los Estados Unidos de América y la apropiación del territorio indígena

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Héctor Calleros Rodríguez

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina la relación que existe entre la democracia con los pueblos indígenas a partir del concepto Homo sacer (Homines sacri, acuñado por Giorgio Agamben (1998. El argumento central es que actos cometidos contra el Indio Americano o sus propiedades (tierras y recursos naturales pueden ser interpretados no solo como violaciones a los derechos humanos sino como estructuras políticas permanentes de violencia y exclusión. El artículo revisa el caso de Mary y Carrie Dann, en una disputa por tierras con los EE.UU., y que la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH ha considerado como violatorio de la Declaración Americana de los Derechos y Deberes del Hombre (Declaración Americana. La revisión del caso se basa en el reporte de la CIDH (2002.

Relationships between photosynthetic plant types in the diet of herbivore mammals and in the environment in the lower Paraná river basin, Argentina Relación entre los tipos fotosintéticos de plantas presentes en la dieta de mamíferos herbívoros y en el ambiente en la baja cuenca del río Paraná, Argentina

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NORA MADANES

2010-06-01

Full Text Available In the present study we assess the contribution of C3, C4 and intermediate C3-C4 plant species to the diet of both native (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Rhea americana and Logostomus maximus and introduced (cattle herbivore species and the abundance of these photosynthetic plant types in different environments of the lower section of the Paraná Basin, Argentina, with similar climate but different hydrological regimes. Data of current plants species and their photosynthetic pathways, both form vegetation and the diet, were compiled from literature. The analysis of annual diets conducted in terms of photosynthetic types showed that the feeding patterns of native as well introduced herbivores varied both spatially and temporally. At each site, the analysis of vegetation and the diet of herbivores in spring indicated that the feeding patterns may depend not only on vegetation availability, but also on the preferences of herbivores and inter-specific interactions under limited resource conditions. These attributes should be taken into account when interpreting the diet of fossil herbivores from isotopic carbon information. Also, the studies on photosynthetic groups enhance our understanding of the relationship between paleodiets and paleoenvironments.En el presente estudio evaluamos la contribución de especies de plantas C3, C4 e intermedias C3-C4, en la dieta de herbívoros nativos (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Rhea americana y Logostomus maximus y domésticos (reses, y analizamos la abundancia de las plantas presentes que muestran estos tipos foto sintéticos en distintos ambientes, de la sección baja de la Cuenca de Río Paraná, Argentina, con clima similar pero regímenes hidrológicos diferentes. Los datos de la vegetación y de la dieta, así como sus tipos fotosintéticos, fueron obtenidos de datos bibliográficos. El análisis de la dieta anual realizada en términos de tipos fotosintéticos, mostró que los patrones de consumo de los herb

Mito e sociedade na literatura latino-americana: Neruda, Carpentier, Bolaño

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Pedro Dolabela Chagas

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Discussão sobre a problemática identitária na literatura latino-americana: a sua associação oitocentista à representação da natureza e da paisagem social; a sua longa duração entre os séculos XIX e XX; a sua politização pela dicotomia entre a América Latina e o Centro representado pela Europa e pelos EUA. A construção da identidade como produção de mitos: como construção de passados úteis, valoração positiva ou negativa do presente, projeção de futuros possíveis. A presença do mito em Canto geral, de Pablo Neruda; a sua recusa em 2666, de Roberto Bolaño; discussão sobre as razões desta recusa: a concentração no presente em detrimento da projeção do futuro. Localização de um tensionamento embrionário do mito identitário em Os passos perdidos, de Alejo Carpentier: discussão sobre os termos de orientação deste tensionamento e a diferença que ele produzia em relação à história anterior do romance latino-americano. Sugestão do fechamento recente da época histórica dominada pela problemática identitária na narrativa latino-americana.Palavras-chave: Pablo Neruda; Alejo Carpentier; Roberto Bolaño; romance latino-americano; mito e identidade. Abstract: The problematic of identity representation in Latin- American literature: its 19th Century association to the representation of nature and the social landscape; its long duration in the 19th and 20th Centuries; its politicization through the dichotomy between Latin America and a Center represented by Europe and the USA. Identity construction as a production of myths: as a construction of usable pasts, as a positive or negative evaluation of the present, as a projection of possible futures. The presence of myth in Pablo Neruda’s Canto general; its rejection in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666; the possible reasons of this rejection: a concentration in the present in detriment of the future. Location of an embrionary tensioning of the identity myths

EST sequencing and gene expression profiling of defence-related genes from Persea americana infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

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Mahomed Waheed

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Avocado (Persea americana belongs to the Lauraceae family and is an important commercial fruit crop in over 50 countries. The most serious pathogen affecting avocado production is Phytophthora cinnamomi which causes Phytophthora root rot (PRR. Root pathogens such as P. cinnamomi and their interactions with hosts are poorly understood and despite the importance of both the avocado crop and the effect Phytophthora has on its cultivation, there is a lack of molecular knowledge underpinning our understanding of defence strategies against the pathogen. In order to initiate a better understanding of host-specific defence we have generated EST data using 454 pyrosequencing and profiled nine defence-related genes from Pc-infected avocado roots. Results 2.0 Mb of data was generated consisting of ~10,000 reads on a single lane of the GS FLX platform. Using the Newbler assembler 371 contigs were assembled, of which 367 are novel for Persea americana. Genes were classified according to Gene Ontology terms. In addition to identifying root-specific ESTs we were also able to identify and quantify the expression of nine defence-related genes that were differentially regulated in response to P. cinnamomi. Genes such as metallothionein, thaumatin and the pathogenesis related PsemI, mlo and profilin were found to be differentially regulated. Conclusions This is the first study in elucidating the avocado root transcriptome as well as identifying defence responses of avocado roots to the root pathogen P. cinnamomi. Our data is currently the only EST data that has been generated for avocado rootstocks, and the ESTs identified in this study have already been useful in identifying defence-related genes as well as providing gene information for other studies looking at processes such as ROS regulation as well as hypoxia in avocado roots. Our EST data will aid in the elucidation of the avocado transcriptome and identification of markers for improved

Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae de área de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, no município de Itupeva, região sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

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Mayo Renata Caporalle

1998-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo da fauna flebotomínica em área de transmissão recente de leishmaniose tegumentar americana fornece subsídios para o controle da doença no Estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo, procurou-se caracterizar a distribuição sazonal, espacial e horária das espécies de flebotomíneos encontradas no município de Itupeva. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente entre abril/94 e março/95. Dos 864 indivíduos coletados, 81,4% pertenceram a 4 espécies: Lutzomyia migonei (32,4%, L. whitmani (26,0%, L. intermedia (12,0% e L. fischeri (10,9%. Estas espécies apresentaram maior densidade no período mais frio e seco do ano (abril a setembro/94 e maior atividade entre a segunda e a quinta hora após o crepúsculo vespertino. L. migonei predominou em praticamente todos os ambientes investigados, seguida por L. whitmani e L. longipalpis no ambiente domiciliar. Conclui-se que, juntamente com L. intermedia, espécie suspeita como provável vetora no Estado de São Paulo, L. migonei e L. whitmani podem estar desempenhando um importante papel na transmissão da leishmaniose tegumentar na área estudada.

Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana Aublet in French Guiana.

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Dutech, Cyril; Maggia, Laurent; Tardy, Christophe; Joly, Hélène I; Jarne, Philippe

2003-12-01

Drier periods from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene have been hypothesized to have caused the disappearance of various rainforest species over large geographical areas in South America and restricted the extant populations to mesic sites. Subsequent improvement in climatic conditions has been associated with recolonization. Changes in population size associated with these extinction-recolonization events should have affected genetic diversity within species. However, these historical hypotheses and their genetic consequences have rarely been tested in South America. Here, we examine the diversity of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes in a Neotropical rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in French Guiana. The chloroplast diversity was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (six pairs of primers) in 29 populations distributed over most of French Guiana, and a subset of 17 populations was also analyzed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. To determine whether this species has experienced extinction-recolonization, we sampled populations in areas supposedly not or only slightly affected by climatic changes, where the populations would not have experienced frequent extinction, and in areas that appear to have been recently recolonized. In the putatively recolonized areas, we found patches of several thousands of hectares homogeneous for chloroplast variation that can be interpreted as the effect of recolonization processes from several geographical origins. In addition, we observed that, for both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the populations in newly recolonized areas exhibited a significantly smaller allelic richness than others. Controlling for geographic distance, we also detected a significant correlation between chloroplast and nuclear population differentiation. This result indicates a cytonuclear disequilibrium that can be interpreted as a historical signal

Aplicabilidade de geotecnologias para subsidiar a gestão dos recursos hídricos em Americana (SP / Applicability of geo-technologies to subsidize hydric resources management in the city of Americana (SP

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Debora Cristina Cantador

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Ao analisar as águas urbanas tendo como recorte territorial o município, vários aspectos precisam ser levados em consideração. Assim pode-se entender como se realiza a gestão e, principalmente, como se encontra a qualidade, a preservação e a conservação dos cursos d’água. Esses aspectos devem estar relacionados, principalmente, com as legislações existentes que servem de subsídios para os gestores. Além disso, entende-se que a dinâmica espacial também auxilia na compreensão e visualização de como os recursos hídricos e os elementos associados a eles se comportam de forma mais ampla. Neste trabalho, buscou-se abordar sobre que modo as geotecnologias podem contribuir como um instrumento importante para a análise da atual situação da gestão dos recursos hídricos, usando como área de estudo o município de Americana (SP.

Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination.

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Tang, Shirong; Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang; Zhou, Xiaomin

2011-12-30

Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO(2) (860 μL L(-1)) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0-1000 mg kg(-1)). Elevated CO(2) and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO(2) than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO(2) concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation with regard to plant ability to grow and remove radionuclides from soil can be explored for CO(2)- and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PARADIGMA ATUAL DA CIÊNCIA CONTÁBIL: PERCEPÇÃO DE DOCENTES DE UNIVERSIDADES NORTE-AMERICANAS EM RELAÇÃO À PESQUISA EM CONTABILIDADE

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JOSÉ ALONSO BORBA

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a percepção de docentes de universidades norte-americanas acerca do paradigma da pesquisa científica em Contabilidade. Para isso, elaborou-se um questionário eletrônico, o qual foi enviado para 1.671 professores provenientes de 92 universidades norte-americanas que possuíam Doutorado em Contabilidade. Um total de 150 docentes respondeu ao questionário de pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam que: (i os docentes norte-americanos não acreditam que possuir graduação em Contabilidade seja essencial para torna-se um professor/pesquisador de sucesso na área; (ii a University of Texas possui o melhor curso de graduação em Contabilidade e a University of Chicago possui o melhor doutorado na área; (iii The Accounting Review (TAR é considerado o principal periódico de Contabilidade; (iv William Beaver é o principal pesquisador da área; (v temas emergentes na área contábil estão relacionados a governança corporativa, valuation e harmonização contábil. Finalmente, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas no cenário nacional, na medida em que evidencia traços e características do principal pólo mundial da Contabilidade.

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from avocado seed (Persea americana var. drymifolia) reveals abundant expression of the gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide snakin.

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Guzmán-Rodríguez, Jaquelina J; Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra; Suárez-Rodríguez, Luis María; Rodríguez-Zapata, Luis C; Salgado-Garciglia, Rafael; Jimenez-Moraila, Beatriz; López-Meza, Joel E; López-Gómez, Rodolfo

2013-09-01

Avocado is one of the most important fruits in the world. Avocado "native mexicano" (Persea americana var. drymifolia) seeds are widely used in the propagation of this plant and are the primary source of rootstocks globally for a variety of avocado cultivars, such as the Hass avocado. Here, we report the isolation of 5005 ESTs from the 5' ends of P. americana var. drymifolia seed cDNA clones representing 1584 possible unigenes. These avocado seed ESTs were compared with the avocado flower EST library, and we detected several genes that are expressed either in both tissues or only in the seed. The snakin gene, which encodes an element of the innate immune response in plants, was one of those most frequently found among the seed ESTs, and this suggests that it is abundantly expressed in the avocado seed. We expressed the snakin gene in a heterologous system, namely the bovine endothelial cell line BVE-E6E7. Conditioned media from transfected BVE-E6E7 cells showed antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first study of the function of the snakin gene in plant seed tissue, and our observations suggest that this gene might play a protective role in the avocado seed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (c.v. Americana ESTABLISHED BY ZERO TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN IMPERATA FIELD CONTROLLED BY HERBICIDES

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S. TJITROSEMITO

1989-01-01

Full Text Available A field experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of soybean (c.v. Americana when established with zero tillage technique on Imperata dominated area. Four different techniques of alang-alang control i.e. imazapyr (20 kg ai/ha, glyphosate (25 kg ai/ha, glufosinate (3.0 kg ai/ha and manual cultivation were arranged factorially with time of plantings i.e. 1,2 and 3 months after treatments. The alang-alang damages varied with herbicides and times, imazapyr (20 kg ai/ha showed slow appearance of damage at 3 months after application it was only 69%, while that of glufosinate was already down to 48% due to regrowth. No phytotoxicity was recorded, but the yield was low.

Símbolos del Tiempo, la Identidad y la Alteridad en la Visión Americana de José Martí

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Ricardo Melgar Bao

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Desde nuestro mirador antropológico, consideramos que el proceso de simbolización cobró par ticular visibilidad y desarrollo en la perspectiva americana de José Martí du rante los últimos quince años de su vida. Nos referimos particularmente al tiempo, la identidad y la alteridad presentes en su ensayo Nuestra América y algunos otros escritos. Sostenemos que el análisis de este cam po simbólico en el pensamiento de un autor, nos puede decir tanto o más que los enfoques tradicionales propios a la historia de las ideas en América Latina.

El recalentamiento eléctrico por termoconducción. Una perspectiva fisicoquímica del calentamiento eléctrico

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Dorindo Elam Cárdenas Estrada

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo recopila los comportamientos reales observados luego de cinco años de investigación, experimentación y modelado, con conductores eléctricos que fallan por alta conducción térmica, con el fin de rendir un aporte que pueda sumarse a las normativas existentes para la selección del cableado de proyectos eléctricos en baja tensión. Hasta ahora, los experimentos realizados con conductores eléctricos incendiados se limitan en su mayoría a tratar de determinar si el conductor produjo arco eléctrico o fue víctima del incendio, por medio de pruebas fisicoquímicas con los restos del conductor. Cuando se consideran factores como la intensidad de corriente, el tipo de instalación, la temperatura ambiental, fuentes cercanas generadoras de calor, condiciones de sobrecarga, y la sección transversal efectiva de conducción luego de considerar el efecto piel y los giros del cable, la selección del conductor adecuado se vuelve una decisión difícil. Estos factores, se consideran separadamente en normas españolas, americanas e internacionales; y los procesos de selección de cableado, desprecian ciertas condiciones que a veces son importantes causas de falla. El modelo presentado, es el resultado de la experimentación, en conjunto con un análisis global que tomó en cuenta todos estos factores simultáneamente; luego de revisar las conclusiones de las investigaciones químicas y físicas más relevantes.

Breastfeeding duration and cognitive, language and motor development at 18 months of age: Rhea mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece.

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Leventakou, Vasiliki; Roumeliotaki, Theano; Koutra, Katerina; Vassilaki, Maria; Mantzouranis, Evangelia; Bitsios, Panos; Kogevinas, Manolis; Chatzi, Leda

2015-03-01

Breast feeding duration has been associated with improved cognitive development in children. However, few population-based prospective studies have evaluated dose-response relationships of breastfeeding duration with language and motor development at early ages, and results are discrepant. The study uses data from the prospective mother-child cohort ('Rhea' study) in Crete, Greece. 540 mother-child pairs were included in the present analysis. Information about parental and child characteristics and breastfeeding practices was obtained by interview-administered questionnaires. Trained psychologists assessed cognitive, language and motor development by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (3rd edition) at the age of 18 months. Duration of breast feeding was linearly positively associated with all the Bayley scales, except of gross motor. The association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders with an increase of 0.28 points in the scale of cognitive development (β=0.28; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.55), 0.29 points in the scale of receptive communication (β=0.29; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.54), 0.30 points in the scale of expressive communication (β=0.30; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.57) and 0.29 points in the scale of fine motor development (β=0.29; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56) per accumulated month of breast feeding. Children who were breast fed longer than 6 months had a 4.44-point increase in the scale of fine motor development (β=4.44; 95% CI 0.06 to 8.82) compared with those never breast fed. Longer duration of breast feeding was associated with increased scores in cognitive, language and motor development at 18 months of age, independently from a wide range of parental and infant characteristics. Additional longitudinal studies and trials are needed to confirm these results. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

La Planta única como tipo resistente a la escala

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Colmenares Vilata, Silvia

2014-01-01

El sistema capitalista ha generado dos de los modelos espaciales de indiferencia funcional más extremos: por un lado, el espacio tecnificado y repetido del edificio de oficinas en altura, encarnado por la ?planta tipo? y, por otro, el espacio diáfano y extenso del gran contendor, que responde a la lógica de lo que llamaremos ?planta única?. En los edificios construidos para la industria automovilística y bélica americana se encuentra el germen de un tipo que servirá de modelo para los nuevos ...

LITERATURA E JORNALISMO NA ESCRITURA DA MODERNIDADE LATINO-AMERICANA

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Marta Eymael Garcia Scherer

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Traçar ou trançar considerações acerca dos distanciamentos e aproximações da poesia e da crônica é o que se propõe este ensaio, que questiona os limites entre as diferenças formas da mesma arte: a escritura. As idéias aqui expostas fazem pensar sobre a escrita da modernidade, que transmuta e perpassa os gêneros, fazendo com que as fronteiras sejam tênues. É neste contexto que as crônicas se tornaram um espaço transformador para a prosa e a poesia, impregnadas que estavam uma da outra, num movimento mútuo de absorção de técnicas textuais e poéticas. Ao desenvolver o ensaio cotejamos apontamentos teóricos com os nomes de Olavo Bilac, Ruben Darío, Leopoldo Lugones e José Martí – famosos por sua capacidade poética, por suas posições políticas, por seus textos. Múltiplos e artistas da escritura, são apenas alguns dos tantos nomes que viveram as contradições da modernidade e as transformaram em texto.

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by a new temporary blue-black tattoo dye - sensitization to genipin from jagua (Genipa americana L.) fruit extract.

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Bircher, Andreas J; Sigg, Rita; Scherer Hofmeier, Kathrin; Schlegel, Urs; Hauri, Urs

2017-12-01

Temporary tattoos made with an extract of the jagua fruit (Genipa americana L.) are becoming increasingly popular. It is claimed that it is 'dermatologically tested' and does not contain p-phenylenediamine. Extracts of jagua and gardenia fruits have been used by indigenous people in South America, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine, for centuries. Genipin is currently used for its cross-linking effect in the manufacture of polysaccharides, and is being investigated for its anti-inflammatory and other properties. To report the presence of the allergenic substance genipin in a self-administered temporary tattoo dye made from the fruit juice of jagua (Genipa americana L.). A 39-year-old female who repeatedly applied 'completely natural and 100% safe' Earth Jagua® tattoo, obtained via the internet, to her left hand developed allergic contact dermatitis within 6 weeks. Analysis of the dye showed the presence of geniposide and genipin. Patch tests with the dye and with its main components, including genipin, gave strong positive reactions to the latter. There was no sensitization to other ingredients or p-amino compounds. We report an extensively evaluated case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a temporary Earth Jagua® tattoo. The allergen identified is genipin, a substance that is increasingly used for tattoos and as a therapeutic agent in medicine. This could result in an increase in the number of allergic reactions in the future. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Technical review of the environmental study and report referent to the proposal of construction of a 1200 MW thermoelectric power plant (Carioba II) in the Americana district, SP, Brazil; Parecer tecnico parcial do estudo e relatorio de impacto ambiental (EIA/RIMA) referentes a proposta de implantacao de uma usina termeletrica de 1200 Mw (Carioba II) no municipio de Americana, SP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueiredo, Paulo Jorge Moraes; Martins, Gilberto [Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP), SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: pfigueir@unimep.br; gmartins@unimep.br

2001-06-01

This document represents a partial analysis and a technical review about the environmental study and report of a 1200 MW thermoelectric power plant, proposed for the Americana district, SP, Brazil. Published on June, 4th 2001, this article points out many problems and mistakes of the referred studies, with the objective of providing support to the Federal attorney office and the general public. (author)

Celulitis por citomegalovirus

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A. Ruiz Lascano

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.

Persea americana (avocado): bringing ancient flowers to fruit in the genomics era.

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Chanderbali, André S; Albert, Victor A; Ashworth, Vanessa E T M; Clegg, Michael T; Litz, Richard E; Soltis, Douglas E; Soltis, Pamela S

2008-04-01

The avocado (Persea americana) is a major crop commodity worldwide. Moreover, avocado, a paleopolyploid, is an evolutionary "outpost" among flowering plants, representing a basal lineage (the magnoliid clade) near the origin of the flowering plants themselves. Following centuries of selective breeding, avocado germplasm has been characterized at the level of microsatellite and RFLP markers. Nonetheless, little is known beyond these general diversity estimates, and much work remains to be done to develop avocado as a major subtropical-zone crop. Among the goals of avocado improvement are to develop varieties with fruit that will "store" better on the tree, show uniform ripening and have better post-harvest storage. Avocado transcriptome sequencing, genome mapping and partial genomic sequencing will represent a major step toward the goal of sequencing the entire avocado genome, which is expected to aid in improving avocado varieties and production, as well as understanding the evolution of flowers from non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms). Additionally, continued evolutionary and other comparative studies of flower and fruit development in different avocado strains can be accomplished at the gene expression level, including in comparison with avocado relatives, and these should provide important insights into the genetic regulation of fruit development in basal angiosperms.

Effects of freezing on white perch Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789): Implications for multivariate morphometrics

Science.gov (United States)

Kocovsky, Patrick

2016-01-01

This study tested the hypothesis that duration of freezing differentially affects whole-body morphometrics of a derived teleost. Whole-body morphometrics are frequently analyzed to test hypotheses of different species, or stocks within a species, of fishes. Specimens used for morphometric analyses are typically fixed or preserved prior to analysis, yet little research has been done on how fixation or preservation methods or duration of preservation of specimens might affect outcomes of multivariate statistical analyses of differences in shape. To determine whether whole-body morphometrics changed as a result of freezing, 23 whole-body morphometrics of age-1 white perch (Morone americana) from western Lake Erie (n = 211) were analyzed immediately after capture, after being held on ice overnight, and after freezing for 100 or 200 days. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all four groups differed significantly from one another (P time to avoid biases related to the length of time they were frozen. Similar experiments should be conducted on other species and also using formalin- and alcohol-preserved specimens.

Behavioral responses of Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Azadirex (neem)-treated host plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Capinera, John L; Froeba, Jason G

2007-02-01

Azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. Less well known are the antifeedant properties. The feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (Azatrol EC) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), and four host plants [savoy cabbage, Brassica oleracea variety capitata L.; cos (romaine) lettuce, Lactuca sativa variety longifolia Lam.; sweet orange, Citrus sinensis variety Hamlin L.; and peregrina, Jatropha integerrima Jacq.]. These studies demonstrated that azadirex application can significantly affect the feeding behavior of grasshoppers. Some degree of protection can be afforded to plants that differ markedly in their innate attractiveness to the insect, although the level of protection varies among hosts. The tendency of grasshoppers to sometimes feed on azadirex-treated foliage suggests that it will be difficult to prevent damage from occurring at all times, on all hosts. No evidence of rapid habituation to azadirex was detected. Rapid loss of efficacy was observed under field conditions, suggesting that daily retreatment might be necessary to maintain protection of plants from feeding.

De Paris a Buenos Aires: imprensa, ideias e intelectuais no Le Monde Diplomatique

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Juliana Sayuri Ogassawara

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende expor as relações entre os intelectuais e jornalistas imbricados nas edições latino-americanas e a edição francesa do periódico Le Monde Diplomatique. Fundado em maio de 1954, em Paris, por Hubert Beuve-Méry, Le Monde Diplomatique viu suas páginas e suas ideias se alastrarem mundo afora – em 2013, o magazine tinha 47 edições internacionais, considerado um fenômeno único na imprensa mundial. Ao longo de sua trajetória, Le Monde Diplomatique teve sua linha editorial marcada por diretrizes politizadas, declaradamente antiimperialistas e antineoliberais. A tese desenvolvida focou a versão publicada em Buenos Aires, considerada a principal edição latino-americana, fundada por iniciativa do argentino Carlos Gabetta, diretor de Le Monde Diplomatique Edición Cono Sur entre 1999 e 2011. Ancorado na história dos intelectuais e na história do tempo presente, este artigo aborda as relações entre intelectuais franceses e argentinos na consolidação de uma experiência singular da imprensa.

O corpo colonial e as políticas e poéticas da diáspora para compreender as mobilizações afro-latino-americanas

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Laura Cecilia López

2015-06-01

Full Text Available ResumoO artigo tece uma relação entre corpo colonial e diáspora como dimensões relevantes para compreender as mobilizações afro-latino-americanas, particularmente no Brasil. A partir de dados etnográficos e produções discursivas de intelectuais e militantes negros, analiso a relação entre corpo e poder em diferentes dimensões da luta antirracista. Abordarei dois cenários diferenciados para analisar como a diáspora aparece nas narrativas de sujeitos negros como dimensão disruptiva da colonialidade, provocando a possibilidade de corpos/sujeitos decoloniais que demandam justiça racial. Enfatizarei a dimensão diaspórica como força desse deslocamento nas mobilizações negras: como ela se vincula às políticas e poéticas do corpo/espaço/tempo. Indagarei também na visibilização do corpo colonial na crítica das feministas negras, ao considerar raça e gênero como opressões entrelaçadas. Propõem-se contribuições para uma antropologia política do corpo ao levar a sério perspectivas diaspóricas afro-latino-americanas que focam o corpo como centro das disputas políticas, no sentido de desracializar e pluralizar nossas sociedades.

[Dissemination of German medicine in Spain and Latin America: the "Revista Médica de Hamburgo" and the "Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana" (1920-1933)].

Science.gov (United States)

Sá, Magali Romero; Cândido da Silva, André Felipe

2010-01-01

This article presents the development of the journals "Revista Médica de Hamburgo" and "Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana," which were created to promote and disseminate the German science among the medical community in Latin America and Spain between the two World Wars. Shaken by the loss of Germany's colonies in Africa, the difficulties faced due to post-war economy, and the restrictions imposed by the armistice, the Germans sought to restore their cultural and scientific prestige through such initiative.

First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’-Related Strain of 16SrVI-A Phytoplasma Subgroup, Associated with Elm Yellows Disease in American Elm ( Ulmus americana L.) in Ohio, U.S.A

Science.gov (United States)

C.E. Flower; N. Hayes-Plazolles; J.M. Slavicek; C. Rosa

2018-01-01

During the investigation of the sudden and early onset of yellowing and mortality of American elm (Ulmus americana L.) trees at the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station in Delaware, OH, a phytoplasma of the clover proliferation group (16SrVI) was detected as the putative causal agent of the disease outbreak.

Heavy metal and selenium levels in endangered wood storks Mycteria americana from nesting colonies in Florida and Costa Rica.

Science.gov (United States)

Burger, J; Rodgers, J A; Gochfeld, M

1993-05-01

Colonially-nesting birds often nest in coastal areas, along rivers, or near other bodies of water that also are potentially polluted from industrial, agricultural or urban development. The levels of heavy metals and selenium were examined in the feathers of young wood storks Mycteria americana nesting in Northeastern Florida and from adult and young storks nesting on the Tempisque River on the west coast of Costa Rica. There were no significant yearly differences among the chicks from Costa Rica. Concentration of mercury, cadmium, and lead were significantly higher in the chicks from Florida compared to those from Costa Rica. Adult wood storks at Costa Rica had significantly higher levels of lead, cadmium, selenium, and manganese than young from the same colony.

Portable exhauster POR-007/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F storage plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, O.D.

1998-01-01

This document provides storage requirements for 1,000 CFM portable exhausters POR-O07/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F. These requirements are presented in three parts: preparation for storage, storage maintenance and testing, and retrieval from storage. The exhauster component identification numbers listed in this document contain the prefix POR-007 or POR-008 depending on which exhauster is being used

Bioprospección de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares como alternativa para el fortalecimiento del cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana Miller en Colombia

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Sandra Patricia Montenegro Gómez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El Aguacate (Persea americana Miller es uno de los frutos de mayor consumo mundial. México es el principal productor y  actualmente afronta problemas como el ataque de patógenos a la raíz y recientemente se han registrado impactos en la salud humana por uso de agroquímicos. Una alternativa para afrontar problemáticas en el desarrollo de las plantas ha sido iniciar el correcto manejo de las primeras etapas de producción y con ello mitigar problemas posteriores, en este manejo los microorganismos juegan un papel fundamental. Uno de los métodos es la inoculación con microorganismos del suelo como los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA; diversos estudios han demostrado que su colonización radicular en las plantas contribuye con la absorción de agua y nutrientes; lo cual indica que su potencialización puede contribuir en el manejo sustentable de los cultivos y como opción para fortalecer la producción. Colombia ocupa el quinto lugar en productividad a nivel mundial y lo que más resta competitividad local es el costo de los agroinsumos; en este sentido se podrían fortalecer investigaciones encaminadas a la bioprospección de HMA específicos para diversas variedades de aguacate en las regiones colombianas, ya que son poco los avances en esta temática. Avanzar tecnológicamente en el manejo de cultivos y generar estrategias sostenibles hace parte de las perspectivas y retos de la cadena del aguacate en Colombia. Adicionalmente es prioritario entrar en la dinámica de la demanda mundial con preferencia de alimentos más sanos y cuya producción sea amigable con el medio ambiente.

Surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Canoa, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brasil An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Canoa, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil

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Ivonise Follador

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Em 1993, um surto leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA foi detectado no povoado rural de Canoa, município de Santo Amaro, Bahia. Um estudo observacional prospectivo delineou-se, com objetivo de determinar as taxas de freqüência e caracterizar clinicamente a doença. Foram acompanhados 555 indivíduos, registrando-se 29 casos de LTA, 11 casos sugestivos de LTA pregressa e 529 sadios. Desses 529 sadios, 65 apresentaram reação de Montenegro positiva sem qualquer evidência presente ou passada de doença. A prevalência de LTA no período de estudo foi de 5,2% (29/555. A leishmania envolvida foi caracterizada como Leishmania braziliensis e o vetor, Lutzomyia intermedia. Foram detectados cães e equídeos infectados por leishmania O acometimento de crianças menores de 10 anos, o acometimento igual entre os sexos e um componente de agregação familiar sugerem um padrão de transmissão peri ou intradomiciliar.An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL was detected in the village of Canoa in 1993. A prospective observational study was outlined to determine the frequency rates and to clinically characterize the disease. A total of 555 people were followed up. There were 29 cases of ACL, 11 cases of probably previous ACL (scars and 529 healthy individuals. Of these 529 individuals, 65 had a positive Montenegro reaction without any present or past evidence of leishmaniasis. The prevalence of ACL during the two years was 5.2% (29/555. The leishmania involved was Leishmania braziliensis and the vector, Lutzomyia intermedia. Evidence of infection was detected in dogs and horses. The high frequency of the disease among children under ten years, the similar sex distribution of cases and a component of familial aggregation suggest a peri- or intra-domiciliary transmission.

“Ser devorado no duele”. Th. W. Adorno y la experiencia americana

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Maiso, Jordi

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The present text aims to fathom Theodor W. Adorno’s american experience as a deciding learning process in the development of his Critical Theory. As a consequence of his New York exile years and his participance on the Princeton Radio Research Project, Adorno not only gets in touch with the proceeding of the culture industry and sets down a resolute theoretical approach to radio music, but also realizes a shift has taken place on the social function of theory which enables him a poignant self-reflection on the situation of the emigrated intellectual.El presente texto pretende desentrañar la experiencia americana de Theodor W. Adorno como un proceso de aprendizaje decisivo en la formulación de su Teoría Crítica. A partir de su exilio en Nueva York y de su participación en el Princeton Radio Research Project, Adorno no sólo adquiere un conocimiento directo del funcionamiento de la industria de la cultura y formula una decisiva aproximación teórica a la música radiofónica, sino que también toma conciencia de un cambio en la función social de la teoría que le permite llevar a cabo una aguda autorreflexión sobre la situación del intelectual emigrado.

Transcriptional signatures of ancient floral developmental genetics in avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Chanderbali, André S; Albert, Victor A; Leebens-Mack, Jim; Altman, Naomi S; Soltis, Douglas E; Soltis, Pamela S

2009-06-02

The debate on the origin and evolution of flowers has recently entered the field of developmental genetics, with focus on the design of the ancestral floral regulatory program. Flowers can differ dramatically among angiosperm lineages, but in general, male and female reproductive organs surrounded by a sterile perianth of sepals and petals constitute the basic floral structure. However, the basal angiosperm lineages exhibit spectacular diversity in the number, arrangement, and structure of floral organs, whereas the evolutionarily derived monocot and eudicot lineages share a far more uniform floral ground plan. Here we show that broadly overlapping transcriptional programs characterize the floral transcriptome of the basal angiosperm Persea americana (avocado), whereas floral gene expression domains are considerably more organ specific in the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings therefore support the "fading borders" model for organ identity determination in basal angiosperm flowers and extend it from the action of regulatory genes to downstream transcriptional programs. Furthermore, the declining expression of components of the staminal transcriptome in central and peripheral regions of Persea flowers concurs with elements of a previous hypothesis for developmental regulation in a gymnosperm "floral progenitor." Accordingly, in contrast to the canalized organ-specific regulatory apparatus of Arabidopsis, floral development may have been originally regulated by overlapping transcriptional cascades with fading gradients of influence from focal to bordering organs.

Aspectos eco-epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Município de Campinas

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Corte Antônio Ângelo

1996-01-01

Full Text Available Os autores descrevem um surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorrido no período de fevereiro de 1993 a setembro de 1994, nos Distritos de Sousas e Joaquim Egídio, Município de Campinas, SP. Ocorreram 25 casos, sete na área rural, nove na área peri-urbana e nove na urbana. Verifica-se uma mobilidade da ocorrência dos casos em direção rural-urbana. Em relação ao sexo, houve predomínio do masculino (60% sobre o feminino (40%, com 44% dos casos concentrados na faixa etária de 11 e trinta anos. Quanto à ocupação, 48% correspondem a estudantes, empregadas domésticas e donas-de-casa. Em 92% dos casos, a doença manifestou-se com lesão única, predominantemente localizadas nos membros inferiores e superiores. O surgimento desses casos na área está provavelmente associado à expansão urbana ocorrida nas décadas de 70-80 e acelerada mais recentemente.

La fidelidad cubana durante la edad de las revoluciones

OpenAIRE

Kuethe, Allan J.

1998-01-01

Not available.

La historiografía cubana tradicional explica la fidelidad de la perla de las Antillas durante las revoluciones americanas por razón del miedo al intimidante ejército español acuartelado en la isla y por miedo a que cualquier división política diera aliento a una sublevación de la masiva población esclava. Este artículo plantea la tesis de que el asunto fue mucho más complicado que lo que estas explicaciones dan a entender. Por una parte, el ejército de la isl...

Specific B-cell Epitope of Per a 1: A Major Allergen of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and Anatomical Localization.

Science.gov (United States)

Sookrung, Nitat; Khetsuphan, Thanyathon; Chaisri, Urai; Indrawattana, Nitaya; Reamtong, Onrapak; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee

2014-07-01

Cockroach (CR) is a common source of indoor allergens, and Per a 1 is a major American CR (Periplaneta americana) allergen; however, several attributes of this protein remain unknown. This study identifies a novel specific B cell epitope and anatomical locations of Per a 1.0105. Recombinant Per a 1.0105 (rPer a 1.0105) was used as BALB/c mouse immunogen for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The MAb specific B cell epitope was identified by determining phage mimotopic peptides and pair-wise alignment of the peptides with the rPer a 1.0105 amino acid sequence. Locations of the Per a 1.0105 in P. americana were investigated by immunohistochemical staining. The rPer a 1.0105 (~13 kDa) had 100%, 98% and ≥90% identity to Per a 1.0105, Per a 1.0101, and Cr-PII, respectively. The B-cell epitope of the Per a 1.0105 specific-MAb was located at residues(99) QDLLLQLRDKGV(110) contained in all 5 Per a 1.01 isoforms and Per a 1.02. The epitope was analogous to the Bla g 1.02 epitope; however, this B-cell epitope was not an IgE inducer. Per a 1.0105 was found in the midgut and intestinal content of American CR but not in the other organs. The amount of the Per a 1 was ~544 ℃g per gram of feces. The novel Per a 1 B-cell epitope described in this study is a useful target for allergen quantification in samples; however, the specific MAb can be used as an allergen detection reagent. The MAb based-affinity resin can be made for allergen purification, and the so-purified protein can serve as a standard and diagnostic allergen as well as a therapeutic vaccine component. The finding that the Per a 1 is contained in the midgut and feces is useful to increase yield and purity when preparing this allergen.

Anti Lithiasis Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill Leaves Extract in White Male Rats

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IETJE WIENTARSIH

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In Indonesia, avocado leaves have been used as traditional medicines for diureticum to cure urolithiasis. This research was to determine anti lithiasis activity of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill extract on white male rats nefrolithiasis model induced by ethylene glycol. Ethanol extraction method was used to get extract of avogadro leaves. Twenty adult male white rats were divided into 4 different induction treatments i.e. aquadest, ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 2%, and extract of avocado leaves with different levels of 100 and 300 mg/kg bw respectively. Their body weight was measured daily to determine their growth ratio. And at the end of the trial, the kidney was analyzed its calcium level and inhibitory activity to formation of calcium oxalate crystals. The results showed that the amount of calcium level in the kidney of rats treated with extract of avogadro leaves was significantly decreased than that of rats treated with ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 2% (P < 0.05. The extract avocado leaves as a herbal remedy can be recommended as a phytotherapeutic agent especially for preventive action for urolithiasis diseases.

GIBBERELLINS, FUNGICIDES AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON THE GERMINATION OF Genipa americana L. (RUBIACEAE SEEDS

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Fábio de Almeida Vieira

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3 (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg.L-1, of fungicides of the groups chemical benzimidazol (0, 25, 50 and 100 g.L-1 and ditiocarbamato (0, 1,25, 2,50 and 5,00 g.L-1 on seed germination. Viability of those seeds was evaluated through germination tests at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse. The experimental design was fully randomized one, with five replicates per treatment. The traits evaluated were emergence and index of emergence speed. The treatment with GA3 didn't provide significant so much differences among the germination rates as well as for the emergence speed. It was verified that the use of the fungicides in smaller concentrations (25 g.L-1 of benzimidazol and 1,25 g.L-1 of ditiocarbamato promoted a better germination speed. The seeds of G. americana possess viability period relatively short, with germination absence 60 days period of storage, and it could be associated to the humidity tenors presented by the seeds in this period.

DESAJUSTE EDUCATIVO POR REGIONES EN COLOMBIA: ¿COMPETENCIA POR SALARIOS O POR PUESTOS DE TRABAJO?

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Maribel Castillo Caicedo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación, entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

Potencial alelopático de plantas de acapu (Vouacapoua americana: efeitos sobre plantas daninhas de pastagens Allelopathic potential of "acapu" (Vouacapoua americana plants: effects on pasture weed

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A.P.S. Souza Filho

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Extratos aquosos de folhas e cascas de plantas de acapu (Vouacapoua americana foram preparados nas concentrações de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 5% (v/v, visando identificar e caracterizar a atividade potencialmente alelopática dessa espécie. Analisaram-se os efeitos dos extratos sobre a germinação de sementes e o alongamento da raiz primária das plantas daninhas malícia (Mimosa pudica e malva (Urena lobata. Os bioensaios de germinação foram desenvolvidos em condições de 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Para os bioensaios de alongamento da raiz primária, as condições estabelecidas foram de 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram variações de respostas em função da fonte do extrato aquoso, do parâmetro analisado e da concentração do extrato. As reduções observadas tanto na germinação como no alongamento da raiz primária foram crescentes com o aumento da concentração do extrato, sendo os efeitos mais intensos observados na concentração de 5%. Independentemente da espécie receptora e do parâmetro analisado, o extrato preparado a partir das cascas do acapu evidenciou maior atividade alelopática inibitória. O alongamento da raiz primária foi o parâmetro mais sensível aos efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos do que a germinação das sementes. Comparativamente, cascas e folhas apresentaram diferenças em relação às classes de substâncias químicas. Nas cascas foram encontradas cumarinas que não estavam presentes nas folhas, as quais, por sua vez, apresentaram esteróides e triterpenóides, que não foram identificados nas cascas do acapu.Aqueous extracts from leaves and bark of "Acapu" plants were prepared in concentration levels of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5% to identify and characterize potential allelopathic activity of such plants. The extract effects on seed germination and primary root elongation of pasture weeds, such as Mimosa pudica and Urena lobata, were analyzed. The germination bioassays were

Diversidad de los Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares asociados a plantas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), en un agroecosistema del Estado de Michoacán.

OpenAIRE

GÓMEZ DORANTES, NÚRIA

2012-01-01

Se realizó un estudio para identificar las especies de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) asociados al suelo y al interior de las raíces de plantas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) en una huerta denominada las Parrillas en la región aguacatera del Estado de Michoacán, México. Cinco árboles de aguacate establecidos en un diseño completamente al azar fueron muestreados, mostrando altos porcentajes de colonización micorrízica al interior de las raíces (>94%) sin prese...

A new record for American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus in San Juan, Argentina Nuevo registro de rana toro americana (Lithobates catesbeianus en San Juan, Argentina

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Eduardo Sanabria

2011-03-01

Full Text Available We report a new record of Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog from Argentina. L. catesbeianus was first introduced to San Juan Province 11 years ago in Calingasta Department, where the habitat is pre-cordilleran. The new record is for Zonda Department, San Juan Province, in the Monte desert region. Here, L. catesbeianus uses artificial ponds for reproduction and tadpole development. These ponds receive water from an irrigation system that connects the whole agriculture land in the region. The tadpoles use the irrigation canals to move among ponds. We suggest that legislation should be established to prevent future invasions and to achieve sustainable management of the wild American bullfrog populations in San Juan. Prevention of future invasion and management of established populations of this species requires the cooperation of numerous stake holders.Se presenta un nuevo registro de Lithobates catesbeianus (rana toro americana en Argentina. L. catesbeianus fue introducida por primera vez a la provincia de San Juan hace 11 años en el Departamento Calingasta, donde el hábitat es pre-cordillerano. El nuevo registro es para el Departamento Zonda en la provincia de San Juan, en el desierto del Monte. En este sitio, L. catesbeianus usa estanques artificiales para la reproducción y desarrollo del renacuajo. Los estanques reciben agua de un sistema de riego que conecta todas las tierras de la agricultura en la región. Los renacuajos utilizan los canales de riego para moverse entre los estanques. Sugerimos que se establezcan leyes para prevenir invasiones futuras y para lograr un manejo integrado de las poblaciones silvestres de rana toro que se encuentran en San Juan. La prevención de futuras invasiones y el manejo de las poblaciones establecidas de esta especie requieren la cooperación de numerosas entidades tanto gubernamentales como privadas.

Métodos para atrair a abelha Apis mellifera L. em cultura de abacate (Persea americana Mill. Methods to attract honeybee Apis mellifera L. to avocado tree (Persea americana Mill

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Darclet Terezinha Malerbo Souza

2002-04-01

Full Text Available O presente experimento teve como objetivo avaliar métodos de atração da abelha Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae em duas variedades de abacate (Persea americana Mill.. Os atrativos utilizados foram extratos de Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, Lippia alba, folha de Citrus sp, folha de Eucaliptus sp. e o eugenol e o linalol (SIGMA. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: coberto; descoberto pulverizado (DP; descoberto com tubos e descoberto não pulverizado (DNP. Observou-se que a atratividade das substâncias testadas desapareceu minutos após a sua aplicação, utilizando ou não a glicerina, em ambas as variedades. A pulverização dos extratos de falsa melissa, folhas de eucalipto e folhas de laranja apresentaram um aumento no número de abelhas Apis mellifera, na variedade Quintal. Os dados mostraram que a freqüência das abelhas A. mellifera foi maior na variedade Quintal comparada à variedade Fortuna. Isto pode ter ocorrido devido à maior concentração de açúcares do néctar de suas flores. Observou-se que as abelhas A. mellifera preferiram visitar as flores do abacateiro da variedade Quintal, tanto para néctar quanto para coleta de pólen, comparada à variedade Fortuna. Com relação aos frutos, nenhuma das características apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, em ambas as variedades. Entretanto, observou-se que na variedade Quintal os frutos decorrentes dos tratamentos DP e DNP foram mais pesados, mais compridos e com maior espessura da polpa, comparados ao único fruto obtido do tratamento coberto. Os produtos testados em tubos não foram eficientes para atrair a abelha Apis mellifera, em ambas as variedades.The present experiment was carried out to evaluate some methods to attract honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae to two avocado varieties (Persea americana Mill.. Extracts of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, Lippia alba, Citrus sp leaf, Eucalyptus sp leaf, the eugenol and linalol

Desajuste educativo por regiones en Colombia: ¿competencia por salarios o por puestos de trabajo?

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Castillo Caicedo Maribel

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación,
entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado
por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se
desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de
puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las
contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se
examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste
educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y
nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis
para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento
del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

Notas sobre escrofulariáceas de Colombia: I. - Nueva especie de Buchnera afin A B. Rubriflora Philcox

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Fernández Soto José Luis

1986-12-01

Full Text Available Se describe una nueva especie de Buchnera que presenta pilosidad glandular, la única entre las especies americanas del género y próxima a  B. rubriflora Philcox. Se aportan nuevos datos sobre la distribución y variabilidad de esta última, comentando finalmente la relación entre ambos táxones.  Al revisar las escrofulariáceas del Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL, se tuvo la oportunidad de estudiar una serie de colecciones del género Buchnera, que son el objeto de esta primera nota sobre escrofulariáceas colombianas. Aparte de la localización de nuevos registros de B. rubriflora, que amplían la distribución conocida de la especie y otras puntualizaciones relativas a su parentesco y ecología; sin duda el dato más interesante lo aportó el estudio de unas plantas procedentes del sur de la Sierra de La Macarena (Depto. del Meta, que presentan indumento glandular, mezclado con pilosidad más corta no glandular. Este carácter único conocido hasta ahora en las buchneras americanas, permite describir esta planta como nueva. Este nuevo taxon está morfológicamente relacionado con B. rubriflora, con la que comparte además y con carácter exclusivo en las especies americanas la coloración roja de sus corolas. Se hacen por último algunos comentarios sobre este pequeño grupo de buchneras, del que probablemente falte aún mucho por conocer en cuanto a distribución y diversidad, por la falta de muestreo en amplios territorios colombianos ecológica y geológicamente similares a los enclaves hasta ahora conocidos para estos táxones.

Aspectos relevantes en la biología de Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther (Pisces: Engraulidae en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica.

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Jorge Arturo Rodríguez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Cetengraulis mistycetus es una anchoveta americana, que se encuentra localizada en la Costa Americana desde México hasta Perú. Su valor comercial es relevante en la parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, ya que la flota artesanal tradicional la utiliza como carnada viva para la línea de anzuelos. En el presente estudio, se determinó la edad de la primera madurez sexual en 12,6 cm, la proporción sexual fue de 1:1,2 machos por hembra, para la época de mayor desove. La fecundidad total se estimo entre 48.498 oocitos en las tallas de 16 a 18,9 cm y de 98.278 oocitos en las tallas que van de 19 a 21,9 cm. La fecundidad relativa estimada fue de 813 oocitos por gramo de pez para el primer grupo de talla y de 1.145 oocitos por gramo de pez para el segundo. En el estudio biométrico, solamente la longitud dorsal fue la única relación que varió entre sexos siendo isométrica para hembras y alométrica negativa en machos, en el resto de relaciones el comportamiento entre sexos fue similar.

Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) exhibits chemo-protective potentiality against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocyte culture.

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Paul, Rajkumar; Kulkarni, Paresh; Ganesh, Narayan

2011-01-01

Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with reduced risks for many types of cancers. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a widely consumed fruit containing many cancer preventing nutrients, vitamins and phytochemicals. Studies have shown that phytochemicals extracted from the avocado fruit selectively induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit growth, and induce apoptosis in precancerous and cancer cell lines. Our recent studies indicate that phytochemicals extracted with 50% Methanol from avocado fruits help in proliferation of human lymphocyte cells and decrease chromosomal aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide. Among three concentrations (100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg per Kg Body Weight), the most effective conc. of extract was 200 mg/Kg Body Wt. It decreased significant level of numerical and structural aberrations (breaks, premature centromeric division etc. up to 88%, p avocado fruit can be utilized for making active chemoprotective ingredient for lowering the side effect of chemotherapy like cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy.

Profiling LC-DAD-ESI-TOF MS method for the determination of phenolic metabolites from avocado (Persea americana).

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Hurtado-Fernández, Elena; Carrasco-Pancorbo, Alegría; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alberto

2011-03-23

A powerful HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF MS method was established for the efficient identification of the chemical constituents in the methanolic extracts of avocado (Persea americana). Separation and detection conditions were optimized by using a standard mix containing 39 compounds belonging to phenolic acids and different categories of flavonoids, analytes that could be potentially present in the avocado extracts. Optimum LC separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 analytical column (4.6×150 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) by gradient elution with water+acetic acid (0.5%) and acetonitrile as mobile phases, at a flow rate of 1.6 mL/min. The detection was carried out by ultraviolet-visible absorption and ESI-TOF MS. The developed method was applied to the study of 3 different varieties of avocado, and 17 compounds were unequivocally identified with standards. Moreover, around 25 analytes were tentatively identified by taking into account the accuracy and isotopic information provided by TOF MS.

Identification of avocado (Persea americana) pulp proteins by nano-LC-MS/MS via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries.

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Esteve, Clara; D'Amato, Alfonsina; Marina, María Luisa; García, María Concepción; Righetti, Pier Giorgio

2012-09-01

Avocado (Persea americana) proteins have been scarcely studied despite their importance, especially in food related allergies. The proteome of avocado pulp was explored in depth by extracting proteins with capture by combinatorial peptide ligand libraries at pH 7.4 and under conditions mimicking reverse-phase capture at pH 2.2. The total number of unique gene products identified amounts to 1012 proteins, of which 174 are in common with the control, untreated sample, 190 are present only in the control and 648 represent the new species detected via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries of all combined eluates and likely represent low-abundance proteins. Among the 1012 proteins, it was possible to identify the already known avocado allergen Pers a 1 and different proteins susceptible to be allergens such as a profilin, a polygalacturonase, a thaumatin-like protein, a glucanase, and an isoflavone reductase like protein. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A tomada do palco: performances sociais de Mao Tsé-Tung a Martin Luther King, e a Black Lives Matter hoje

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Jeffrey C. Alexander

Full Text Available Resumo Sociólogos da cultura vêm desenvolvendo, desde 2000, perspectivas teóricas e aplicações empíricas da teoria da performance social, que tem como ponto de partida a atualização da obra tardia de Durkheim, somada a elementos da virada estética e da teoria do drama.. Essa abordagem refuta a interpretação econômica da ação desenvolvida por Marx, assim como a abordagem teórica da ação iniciada por Weber e continuada por Parsons. Neste ensaio, pretendo demonstrar como a teoria da performance social pode esclarecer a arte do protesto, tomando como exemplos a revolução comunista da China, o movimento americano por direitos civis de meados do século 20, e os protestos atuais, majoritariamente afro-americanos, contra a violência policial nas cidades americanas. Entre a tradição de protesto afro-americana de meados do século vinte e as condições da população negra pobre das periferias das cidades do início do século 21, emerge o imenso desafio de forjar novos roteiros orientados à ação. São necessárias lideranças fortes, com talento dramatúgico e de direção. A fusão exitosa de público, roteiro e atores exige acesso aos meios de produção simbólica; interpretação empática das atuações em curso, por parte dos críticos; e suficiente influência ante os poderes relevantes para evitar repressão pelas forças do Estado. Esses diversos elementos foram postos em prática pelo movimento negro pelo fim da violência policial, que vem ganhando impulso desde 2012. Empregando novos meios digitais de produção simbólica, seus organizadores transmitiram narrativas, slogans e gestos persuasivos, provocando protestos massivos de afro-americanos e mudanças na opinião pública americana em relação à violência policial e ao racismo.

Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

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Dhana G Gorasia

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The type IX secretion system (T9SS has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

Science.gov (United States)

Gorasia, Dhana G; Veith, Paul D; Hanssen, Eric G; Glew, Michelle D; Sato, Keiko; Yukitake, Hideharu; Nakayama, Koji; Reynolds, Eric C

2016-08-01

The type IX secretion system (T9SS) has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: histórico, epidemiologia e perspectivas de controle American cutaneous leishmaniasis: history, epidemiology and prospects for control

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Sergio de Almeida Basano

2004-09-01

Full Text Available A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA é uma doença causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, transmitida ao homem pela picada de mosquitos flebotomíneos (Ordem Diptera; Família Psychodidae; Sub-Família Phlebotominae. No Brasil existem atualmente 6 espécies de Leishmania responsáveis pela doença humana, e mais de 200 espécies de flebotomíneos implicados em sua transmissão. Trata-se de uma doença que acompanha o homem desde tempos remotos e que tem apresentado, nos últimos 20 anos, um aumento do número de casos e ampliação de sua ocorrência geográfica, sendo encontrada atualmente em todos os Estados brasileiros, sob diferentes perfis epidemiológicos. Estima-se que, entre 1985 e 2003, ocorreram 523.975 casos autóctones, a sua maior parte nas regiões Nordeste e Norte do Brasil. Neste estudo, são discutidos aspectos relacionados ao tratamento e ao controle dessa doença, assim como também as dificuldades para a implementação dessas medidas. São apontadas alternativas que passam pela estruturação dos serviços de saúde, com respeito ao diagnóstico, no desenvolvimento de drogas de aplicação tópica ou por via oral, no desenvolvimento de vacinas, no controle diferenciado de vetores e no aprofundamento de estudos relacionados à biologia celular do parasita.American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of phlebotomines mosquitos (Order Diptera: Family Psychodidae: Sub-Family Phlebotominae and caused by protozoa from the genus Leishmania (ROSS 1903. In Brazil, there are six different species of Leishmania and more than 200 different species of phlebotomines. It's a disease that has been afflicting human beings for many centuries, and in Brazil, in the past two decades, there has been an important increase in the number of cases and also in its geographical distribution. Presently, ACL cases are registered in all Brazilian states under three different epidemiological

The taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and the red brocket deer (Mazama americana) as intermediate hosts of Taenia hydatigena in Peru, morphological and molecular evidence.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomez-Puerta, Luis A; Pacheco, Joel; Gonzales-Viera, Omar; Lopez-Urbina, Maria T; Gonzalez, Armando E

2015-09-15

In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and from the omentum of a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) in Peru. Various metacestodes parameters, including rostellar hook characteristics, were measured. Molecular analysis was performed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene from metacestode isolates. Metacestodes were identified as T. hydatigena by morphology and molecular methods. This constitutes the first molecular detection of T. hydatigena metacestodes in the taruca and the red brocket deer and demonstrates that these animal species are natural intermediate hosts for this parasite. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apropiación y alienación: consideraciones hermenéutico-existenciales a propósito de la Pastoral americana de Philip Roth

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Germán Darío Vélez López

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Partiendo de una formulación básica de algunos elementos relevantes de la hermenéutica fenomenológica de Heidegger, el presente artículo propone una lectura de la obra del escritor norteamericano Philip Roth titulada Pastoral americana, que lo hizo acreedor al premio Pulitzer en 1989. El propósito cen- tral de esa lectura consiste en mostrar de qué manera fenómenos existenciales elementales como estar-lejos (Wegsein, estar-despierto (Wachsein, estar-ahí (Dasein permiten una articulación propia del sentido de la obra de Roth en la que ésta manifiesta su particular compromiso existencial.

The PorX response regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY two-component system does not directly regulate the Type IX secretion genes but binds the PorL subunit.

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Maxence S Vincent

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The Type IX secretion system (T9SS is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion of surface attachment of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of the porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we showed that PorX does not bind and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS.

Sprinting performance and resistance based training interventions: A systematic review with meta-analysis

OpenAIRE

Bolger, Richard; Kenny, Ian; Lyons, Mark; Harrison, Andrew J.

2014-01-01

peer-reviewed Introduction Much of the research which focuses on improving sprinting performance has been carried out with team sport athletes or endurance athletes (Berryman, Maurel, & Bosquet, 2010; Esteve-Lanao, Rhea, Fleck, & Lucia, 2008; Hanon, Bernard, Rabate, & Claire, 2012; Rhea, Kenn, & Dermody, 2009; Shalfawi, Haugen, Jakobsen, Enoksen, & T??nnessen, 2013; West et al., 2013). There is little consensus with the prescription of resistance based training within this body of resea...

Purification and characterization of peroxidase from avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv. Hass).

Science.gov (United States)

Rojas-Reyes, José O; Robles-Olvera, Victor; Carvajal-Zarrabal, Octavio; Castro Matinez, Claudia; Waliszewski, Krzysztof N; Aguilar-Uscanga, María Guadalupe

2014-07-01

Avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv. Hass) fruit ranks tenth in terms of the most important products for Mexico. Avocado products are quite unstable due to the presence of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. The present study is to characterize the activity of purified avocado peroxidase from avocado in order to ascertain the biochemical and kinetic properties and their inhibition conditions. Purification was performed by Sephacryl S 200 HR gel filtration chromatography and its estimated molecular weight was 40 kDa. The zymogram showed an isoelectric point of 4.7. Six substrates were tested in order to ascertain the affinity of the enzyme for these substrates. The purified peroxidase was found to have low Km (0.296 mM) and high catalytic efficiency (2688 mM(-1) s(-1)) using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), optimum activity being reached at 51°C, pH 3.8. The addition of dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, ascorbic acid, sodium azide, L-cysteine and Tween-20 had high inhibitory effects, while metals ions such as Cu(+), Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) had weak inhibitory activity on purified avocado peroxidase. The purified avocado peroxidase exhibits high inhibition (Ki = 0.37 µM) with 1.97 µM n-propyl gallate using ABTS as substrate at 51°C, pH 3.8 for 10 min. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determinação enzimática de dopamina em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo com extrato bruto de abacate (Persea americana

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Lupetti Karina Omuro

2003-01-01

Full Text Available In this work, a spectrophotometric flow injection analysis system using a crude extract of avocado (Persea americana as a source of polyphenol oxidase to dopamine determination was developed. The substrates and enzyme concentrations from 2.4x10-7 to 5.3x10-4 mol L-1 and 28 to 332 units mL-1 were evaluated, respectively. In addition, the FIA parameters such as sample loop (50 to 500 mL, flow rate (1.4 to 4.3 mL min-1 and reactor length (100 to 500 cm were also evaluated in a 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0. Dopamine solution concentrations were determined using 277 units mL-1 enzyme solution, 400 mL enzyme loop, 375 mL sample loop, 2.2 mL min-1 flow rate and a reactor of 350 cm. The analytical curve showed a linearity from 5.3x10-5 to 5.3x10-4 mol L-1 dopamine with a detection limit of 1.3x10-5 mol L-1. The analytical frequency was 46 h-1 and the RSD lower than 0.5% for 5.3x10-4 mol L-1 dopamine solution (n=10. A paired t-test showed that all results obtained for dopamine in commercial formulations using the proposed flow injection procedure and a spectrophotometric procedure agree at the 95% confidence level.

Endoparasites of American marten (Martes americana: Review of the literature and parasite survey of reintroduced American marten in Michigan

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Maria C. Spriggs

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The American marten (Martes americana was reintroduced to both the Upper (UP and northern Lower Peninsula (NLP of Michigan during the 20th century. This is the first report of endoparasites of American marten from the NLP. Faeces from live-trapped American marten were examined for the presence of parasitic ova, and blood samples were obtained for haematocrit evaluation. The most prevalent parasites were Capillaria and Alaria species. Helminth parasites reported in American marten for the first time include Eucoleus boehmi, hookworm, and Hymenolepis and Strongyloides species. This is the first report of shedding of Sarcocystis species sporocysts in an American marten and identification of 2 coccidian parasites, Cystoisospora and Eimeria species. The pathologic and zoonotic potential of each parasite species is discussed, and previous reports of endoparasites of the American marten in North America are reviewed.

The PorX Response Regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY Two-Component System Does Not Directly Regulate the Type IX Secretion Genes but Binds the PorL Subunit

Science.gov (United States)

Vincent, Maxence S.; Durand, Eric; Cascales, Eric

2016-01-01

The Type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion or cell surface exposition of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY, and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS) sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN, and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we demonstrate that PorX does not bind T9SS gene promoters and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS. PMID:27630829

Fascismo on the air

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Carone Iray

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Expõe-se e analisa-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo com orientação psicanalítica adotada por pesquisadores do Instituto de Pesquisa Social (Adorno e Löwenthal, especialmente no estudo dos discursos de agitadores da extrema direita norte-americana nos anos 30 e 40.

El Sistema Vial Inca y los desafíos para su conservación en tiempos modernos

OpenAIRE

Ríos Canales, Moisés

2013-01-01

El Estado peruano, a través del Ministerio de Cultura, desarrolla dentro de su política cultural una estrategia para la identificación, protección, conservación y puesta en uso social del Sistema Vial Inca, el mayor monumento de la historia americana construida por el Estado Inca en el Siglo XV.

Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy and risk of wheeze and eczema in the first year of life: INMA (Spain) and RHEA (Greece) mother-child cohort studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Chatzi, Leda; Garcia, Raquel; Roumeliotaki, Theano; Basterrechea, Mikel; Begiristain, Haizea; Iñiguez, Carmen; Vioque, Jesus; Kogevinas, Manolis; Sunyer, Jordi

2013-12-14

Maternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during pregnancy on wheeze and eczema in the first year of life in two population-based mother-child cohorts in Spain and Greece. We studied 1771 mother-newborn pairs from the Spanish multi-centre 'INMA' (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) study (Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia) and 745 pairs from the 'RHEA' study in Crete, Greece. The symptoms of wheeze and eczema were based on the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed by FFQ and MD adherence was evaluated through an a priori score. Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to adjust for several confounders in each cohort and summary estimates were obtained by a meta-analysis. MD adherence was not associated with the risk of wheeze and eczema in any cohort, and similar results were identified in the meta-analysis approach. High meat intake (relative risk (RR) 1·22, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·49) and 'processed' meat intake (RR 1·18, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·37) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of wheeze in the first year of life, while a high intake of dairy products was significantly associated with a decreased risk of infantile wheeze (RR 0·83, 95 % CI 0·72, 0·96). The results of the present study show that high meat intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheeze in the first year of life, while a high intake of dairy products may decrease it.

Potential risk to wood storks (Mycteria americana) from mercury in Carolina Bay fish

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brant, H.A.; Jagoe, C.H.; Snodgrass, J.W.; Bryan, A.L.; Gariboldi, J.C.

2002-01-01

Fish mercury levels from some Carolina bays pose risk to wood stork. - Carolina bays are freshwater wetlands that serve as important feeding habitats for the endangered wood stork (Mycteria americana). Water levels in these bays fluctuate greatly and tend to be acidic and rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), factors that favor mercury (Hg) methylation and bioaccumulation in fish. To assess potential risks to wood storks consuming mercury contaminated fish in bays, we sampled fish from 10 bays on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, an area with documented use by wood storks. Whole body mercury concentrations in 258 fishes of three species (Erimyzon sucetta, Acantharchus pomotis and Esox americanus) commonly consumed by wood storks were determined. Risk factors for nestlings and free-ranging adults were calculated using published no and lowest observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC and LOAEC) values for birds. Fish from higher trophic levels and those from wetlands with relatively shallow maximum depths and fluctuating water levels were more likely to exceed NOAEC and LOAEC values. Calculation of exposure rates of nestling wood storks indicated they are at highest risk during the first 10 days of the nestling period. These calculations suggest that there is potential concern for wood storks foraging in relatively shallow bays with fluctuating water levels, even though there is no obvious local source of mercury to these wetlands

Microsatellite markers in avocado (Persea americana Mill.): genealogical relationships among cultivated avocado genotypes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashworth, V E T M; Clegg, M T

2003-01-01

Twenty-five microsatellite markers uniquely differentiated 35 avocado cultivars and two wild relatives. Average heterozygosity was high (60.7%), ranging from 32% in P. steyermarkii to 84% in Fuerte and Bacon. In a subset of 15 cultivars, heterozygosity averaged 63.5% for microsatellites, compared to 41.8% for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). A neighbor-joining tree, according to average shared allele distances, consisted of three clusters likely corresponding to the botanical races of avocado and intermediate clusters uniting genotypes of presumably racially hybrid origin. Several results were at odds with existing botanical assignments that are sometimes rendered difficult by incomplete pedigree information, the complexity of the hybrid status (multiple backcrossing), or both. For example, cv. Harvest clustered with the Guatemalan race cultivars, yet it is derived from the Guatemalan x Mexican hybrid cv. Gwen. Persea schiedeana grouped with cv. Bacon. The rootstock G875 emerged as the most divergent genotype in our data set. Considerable diversity was found particularly among accessions from Guatemala, including G810 (West Indian race), G6 (Mexican race), G755A (hybrid Guatemalan x P. schiedeana), and G875 (probably not P. americana). Low bootstrap support, even upon exclusion of (known) hybrid genotypes from the data matrix, suggests the existence of ancient hybridization or that the botanical races originated more recently than previously thought.

Nível de conhecimentos sobre Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA e uso de terapias alternativas por populações de uma área endêmica da Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil

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Moreira Rosilene da Conceição R.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se estudo visando identificar e comparar que conhecimentos básicos e uso de terapias alternativas relativos à Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA, têm populações residentes em cinco áreas rurais (Sexta Vicinal, Quinta Vicinal, Trilha 410, Vila União e Buritizinho pertencentes ao município de Buriticupu, Maranhão. No período de setembro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998, aplicou-se questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, modos de prevenção, clínica e terapêutica alternativa. A população estudada foi de 378 (19% indivíduos de um total de 1980 habitantes. Na Sexta Vicinal (35 indivíduos, Quinta Vicinal (63, Trilha 410 (96, Vila União (85 e Buritizinho (99. Dos entrevistados, 72% tinham poucos conhecimentos dos modos de transmissão, 96,9% já ouviram falar da doença, a maioria obteve informações com amigos, 60,7% conheciam a LTA como lésh. O Glucantime foi a droga mais citada para o tratamento, 29,6% relataram uso de plantas no local da lesão. O Citrus limon (limão foi a planta mais citada (15,4% dos entrevistados, o modo de uso mais freqüente era o pó espalhado sobre a lesão. Conclui-se que o nível de conhecimento sobre LTA foi incipiente, principalmente na prevenção e terapêutica, situação similar nas cinco áreas estudadas.

Plantio direto de alface americana sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas

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Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o plantio direto de alface americana no verão sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas em cultivos sucessivos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Álvares Machado, São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. O fator da parcela principal foram dois manejos das plantas de cobertura (dessecadas com herbicida ou roçadas e as subparcelas, seis espécies de plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan cv. IAPAR 43, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna pruriens, Pennisetum glaucum e vegetação natural, além da testemunha sem plantas de cobertura. O manejo roçado apresentou desempenho inferior no primeiro cultivo da alface, todavia não diferiu do manejo químico no segundo cultivo. A cobertura do solo com mucuna apresentou maior produtividade da alface no primeiro cultivo devido ao excesso de palha das demais coberturas, o qual prejudicou o estabelecimento da alface. No segundo cultivo não houve diferenças entre as coberturas. A roçagem de plantas de cobertura é uma opção viável para plantio direto de alface sem herbicidas.

La televisión segmentada

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Luiz Guilherme Duarte

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La última novedad de la televisión americana es el anuncio hecho por la mayor empresa de televisión del país (Tele-Comunications, Inc. al señalar que gracias a una nueva tecnología de comprensión digital de señales, será capaz de ofrecer 500 canales de T.V. en 1994 (Waters y Beachy, 1993 El nuevo concepto ya ganó el nombre de microcasting (dirigido a un público microscópicoen oposición al tradicional broadcasting de público amplio y al moderno narrowcasting (de público restricto ofrecido por la T.V. por cable.

ESTATUS DEL NO NACIDO EN LA CONVENCIÓN AMERICANA: UN EJERCICIO DE INTERPRETACIÓN Status of the unborn in the American convención: an interpretive exercise

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Álvaro Paúl Díaz

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio interpreta el ambiguo artículo 4.1 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, que dispone que el derecho a la vida deberá protegerse, "en general, a partir del momento de la concepción". Al hacerlo, toma en cuenta diversos sistemas de interpretación, y tiene presente lo registrado en los trabajos preparatorios de la Convención. Asimismo, este estudio analiza lo que la Comisión Interamericana ha resuelto en esta materia, evaluando el valor de tales decisiones. Este artículo concluye que, si bien una de las posibles interpretaciones de la Convención Americana sostiene que ella toleraría ciertas legislaciones nacionales que permitan el aborto en circunstancias excepcionales, ella declara la personalidad del nasciturus.This study interprets the ambiguous Article 4(1 of the American Convention on Human Rights, which establishes that life shall be protected "in general, from the moment of conception". When doing so, it pays attention to different interpretive systems, and takes into account what is recorded in the travaux préparatoires of the Convention. Likewise, this study analyzes what the Inter-American Commission has determined on this issue, and assesses the value of those decisions. This article concludes that, even though one of the possible interpretations of the American Convention affirms that it would tolerate domestic legislations providing for abortion in exceptional circumstances, it declares the unborn's personhood.

Distribución espacio-temporal de aves acuáticas invernantes en la Ciénega de Tláhuac, planicie lacustre de Chalco, México Spatio-temporal distribution of wintering aquatic birds in the Ciénega de Tláhuac, Chalco lacustrine plain, Mexico

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Víctor Ayala-Pérez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available La avifauna acuática invernal de la ciénaga de Tláhuac fue estudiada de noviembre de 2006 a febrero de 2007; se identificaron 40 especies, 3 de las cuales corresponden a nuevos registros. El área fue utilizada por, al menos, 25 000 aves acuáticas; 5 fueron las especies dominantes: 3 anátidos (Anas clypeata, A. platyrhynchos diazi y Oxyura jamaicensis, 1 ave playera (Limnodromus scolopaceus y 1 gallareta (Fulica americana. Sobresalió por su abundancia A. platyrhynchos diazi, subespecie endémica y amenazada, ya que los 2 200 individuos observados representan el 4% de la población total estimada. Las especies mejor representadas mostraron una utilización espacial diferencial, con 3 patrones: 1 especies con distribución uniforme (A. clypeata y F. americana, 2 las agrupadas en una sola porción del humedal (A.p. diazi y O. jamaicensis y 3 aquella con afinidad por 2 porciones del humedal (L. scolopaceus. La ciénega de Tláhuac es un humedal importante para la avifauna de la región; en ella ocurren, durante el invierno, 6 especies protegidas por el gobierno mexicano; sin embargo, existen factores antrópicos que ponen en riesgo su integridad y que hacen necesarias acciones de protección y conservación.The winter waterbirds of the Ciénega de Tláhuac were studied from November 2006 to February 2007; a total of 40 species were observed, with 3 new records. The area was usedby al least 25 000 birds; 5 species were the dominant: 3 anatids (Anas clypeata, A. platyrhynchos diazi y Oxyura jamaicensis, 1 shorebird (Limnodromus scolopaceus and 1 coot (Fulica americana. The abundance of A. platyrhynchos diazi, a threatened endemic subspecies, was remarkable because the 2 200 individuals observed represent 4% of its population.The best represented species showed a differential spatial use, with 3 patterns: 1 species with homogeneous use (A. clypeata y F. americana, 2 with affinity to a single portion of the wetland (A. p. diazi y O. jamaicensis

GÊNESE E EVOLUÇÃO DE TURFEIRAS NAS SUPERFÍCIES GEOMÓRFICAS DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL – MG

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Márcio Luiz Silva

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A Serra do Espinhaço Meridional – SdEM possui litologias predominantemente quartzíticas e é caracterizada por apresentar áreas dissecadas entremeadas a superfícies de aplainamento em diferentes altitudes, onde, nas depressões, ocorrem as turfeiras. Essas superfícies de aplainamentos são resultado de uma sucessão de eventos denudacionais e deposicionais que compartimentou o relevo, ao longo da evolução geodinâmica da Serra. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as turfeiras da porção setentrional da serra e discutir a gênese e evolução desses pedoambientes nas superfícies geomórficas da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. A determinação da área e mapeamento das turfeiras foi realizada por meio de trabalhos de campo, análises de imagens e de fotografias aéreas. Com o auxílio do vibro-testemunhador coletou-se testemunhos em oito turfeiras. Amostras para datações e caracterização do ciclo fotossintético da cobertura vegetal que colonizou cronologicamente as áreas foram coletadas em diferentes profundidades, para determinação dos isótopos de carbono (δ13C e 14C. A porção norte da SdEM ocupa uma área de 1.180.109,00 ha, onde foram mapeados 14.287,55 ha de turfeiras, o que representa 1,2% da área total. Nas turfeiras predominam os estágios de decomposição avançado (sáprico, seguido do intermediário (hêmico. Quatro níveis de superfícies geomórficas foram identificados em toda a extensão da SdEM: Superfície I (S1, Superfície II (S2, Superfície III (S3 e Superfície IV (S4. Considerando a altimetria como principal fator, a S1 foi cronocorrelacionada com a Superfície Pós-Gondwana e a S2 cronocorrelacionou-se com a Superfície Sul-Americana. A Superfície III (S3 teve correspondência com a Superfície Sul-Americana I e a Superfície IV (S4, por sua vez, com a Superfície Sul-Americana II. A maioria das turfeiras, desenvolvidas no Quaternário, entre o Pleistoceno e Holoceno, se formaram sobre a Superf

Novedades en alimentación complementaria Novelties in complementary feeding

OpenAIRE

J.M. Marugán de Miguelsanz

2010-01-01

La alimentación complementaria o beikost, son los términos clásicamente utilizados para referirnos a todos los alimentos, que no sean la leche humana ni la procedente de fórmula adaptada, utilizados en la alimentación del lactante, y esenciales.
Desde el establecimiento de las recomendaciones históricas sobre alimentación complementaria realizadas por la Academia Americana de Pediatría (AAP) y seguidamente por la Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediá...

Síndrome de Moebius associada a artrogripose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

OpenAIRE

Moreira,Ana Tereza Ramos; Teixeira,Sueli; Ruthes,Hilton Iran; Miranda,André Basso; Guerra,Daniel Roncaglio

2001-01-01

Os autores descrevem um caso de síndrome de Moebius associada a artogripose múltipla congênita, uma situação rara, sem relatos prévios na literatura latino-americana. A síndrome de Moebius é caracterizada por paralisia dos VII e VI pares cranianos, geralmente associada a outras anomalias ósseas e musculares, mais freqüentemente localizadas na parte distal das extremidades. A artrogripose múltipla congênita consiste de um grupo heterogêneo de alterações, sendo caracterizada por extrema rigidez...

Entrenamiento propioceptivo para la remada de soporte en vertical en natación sincronizada

OpenAIRE

Hernández Mendizábal, Silvia

2015-01-01

Una de las técnicas más utilizadas en natación sincronizada son las remadas y, en concreto; La remada americana, utilizada para mantener las piernas por encima de la superficie mientras el cuerpo se mantiene en vertical cabeza abajo, por debajo del agua. Homma, Homma y Washizuya (2008) describen la función de esta remada como: "remada propulsiva y de soporte, utilizada con el objetivo de mantener la máxima altura fuera del agua". Estudios biomecánicos han profundizado con sistemas bidimension...

Elevated CO2 increases Cs uptake and alters microbial communities and biomass in the rhizosphere of Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth) grown on soils spiked with various levels of Cs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Ningning; Zhang, Ximei; Wang, Fangli; Zhang, Changbo; Tang, Shirong

2012-01-01

General concern about increasing global atmospheric CO 2 levels owing to the ongoing fossil fuel combustion and elevated levels of radionuclides in the environment, has led to growing interest in the responses of plants to interactive effects of elevated CO 2 and radionuclides in terms of phytoremediation and food safety. To assess the combined effects of elevated CO 2 and cesium contamination on plant biomass, microbial activities in the rhizosphere soil and Cs uptake, Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed, C3 specie) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth, C4 specie) were grown in pots of soils containing five levels of cesium (0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg −1 ) under two levels of CO 2 (360 and 860 μL L −1 , respectively). Shoot and root biomass of P. americana and Amaranthus crentus was generally higher under elevated CO 2 than under ambient CO 2 for all treatments. Both plant species exhibited higher Cs concentration in the shoots and roots under elevated CO 2 than ambient CO 2 . For P. americana grown at 0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg −1 , the increase magnitude of Cs concentration due to elevated CO 2 was 140, 18, 11, 34 and 15% in the shoots, and 150, 20, 14, 15 and 19% in the roots, respectively. For A. cruentus, the corresponding value was 118, 28, 21, 14 and 17% in the shoots, and 126, 6, 11, 17 and 22% in the roots, respectively. Higher bioaccumulation factors were noted for both species grown under elevated CO 2 than ambient CO 2 . The populations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the microbial C and N in the rhizosphere soils of both species were higher at elevated CO 2 than at ambient CO 2 with the same concentration of Cs. The results suggested that elevated CO 2 significantly affected plant biomass, Cs uptake, soil C and N concentrations, and community composition of soil microbes associated with P. americana and A. cruentus roots. The knowledge gained from this investigation constitutes an important advancement in

Encefalopatía por priones

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Carlos Colegial

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Las encefalopatías espongiformes por priones son enfermedades neurodegenerativas que pueden ser esporádicas o transmisibles, ya sea por mecanismos infecciosos o hereditarios. Su investigación ha planteado enormes retos y en el recorrido histórico en busca de su causa dos médicos han recibido el premio Nobel de Medicina: Carleton Gajdusek, por sus trabajos en Nueva Guinea donde describió la transmisión infecciosa por ritos canibalísticos, que llevó a estudios de transmisión experimental en chimpancés y a su teoría de los "virus lentos" (por el largo período de incubación de la enfermedad.

Nonhost status of commercial Persea americana 'Hass' to Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina, and Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Aluja, Martín; Díaz-Fleischer, Francisco; Arredondo, José

2004-04-01

The objective of this study was to determine the host status in Mexico of commercially cultivated and marketed avocado, Persea americana (Mill.), 'Hass' to Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha striata (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Experiments in Michoacán, Mexico, were carried out in six orchards located at three altitudes above sea level during two times (August-October 2001 and April-June 2002). They included choice ('Hass' avocado plus natural host) and no-choice foraging behavior tests on trees under field cages; no-choice, forced infestation trials on caged, fruit-bearing branches in the field, and with individual fruit under laboratory conditions; infestation trials using 'Hass' avocados left unprotected over 1 and 7 d on the ground of orchards; studies to ascertain depth of oviposition and determine egg hatchability; and experiments to determine susceptibility by using time elapsed since removal of fruit from tree as the experimental variable. We trapped adult Anastrepha (n = 7,936) in all orchards and dissected fruit (n = 7,695) from orchards and packing houses (n = 1,620) in search of eggs or larvae. Most (96.7%) A. ludens, A. obliqua, A. striata, and A. serpentina adults were captured in low-elevation orchards. No eggs or larvae were detected in any of the fruit from foraging behavior studies or dissected fruit from orchards or packing houses. Of 5,200 mature, intact fruit on trees in the field forcibly exposed to no-choice female oviposition activity (five females/fruit), we only found four fruit infested by A. ludens but no adults emerged. 'Hass' avocados only became marginally susceptible to attack by A. ludens (but not A. obliqua, A. serpentina, and A. striata) 24 h after being removed from the tree. Fruit placed on the ground in orchards (n = 3,600) were occasionally infested by Neosilba batesi (Curran) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), a decomposer, but not Anastrepha spp. Based on our

El Conjuro: una práctica de cuidado cultural para la Leishmaniasis Cutánea Americana en Florián, Santander (Colombia The Pray: a cultural care practice for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Florian, Santander (Colombia

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Celmira Laza Vásquez

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Justificación: La Leishmaniasis Cutánea Americana (LAC es una patología cutánea tropical endémica en Colombia, que en las últimas décadas ha recibido especial atención de los servicios nacionales de salud en cuanto al registro, atención básica y prevención entre otros, mejorando la epidemiología local y regional de esta dolencia en el país. Sin embargo, en el Departamento de Santander aún persiste un escaso conocimiento de las prácticas utilizadas por la población rural afectada en el cuidado cultural o genérico de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de cuidado, factores que determinan su uso y creencias culturales para la curación de la Leishmaniasis Cutánea Americana en la población rural del municipio de Florián-Santander (Colombia. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado en zona rural durante marzo de 2008, con la participaron pobladores y conjuradores de Florián Santander. La información se recolectó mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales, para realizar el posterior análisis de contenido. Resultados y conclusión: el Conjuro realizado por un Conjurador emergió como la práctica central de cuidado cultural, alrededor de la cual se realizan cuidados complementarios que incrementen la eficacia. La modesta situación socioeconómica, la deficiencia en infraestructura vial, la escasez de los medios de transporte, así como las creencias entorno al tratamiento médico con Glucantime®, se identificaron como los factores que ayudan a consolidar el Conjuro en la población rural como la práctica más utilizada para "sanar el encono".Justification: The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic tropical cutaneous pathology in Colombia that during the last decade has received special attention from the national health services regarding the registry, basic attention and prevention among others, improving the local and regional epidemiology of this ailment in the country

Casipoemas por Navidad : (1969-2010)

OpenAIRE

Sena Medina, Guillermo

2011-01-01

PRESENTACIÓN AL AIRE DE LA POESÍA RELIGIOSA Y NAVIDEÑA DE GUILLERMO SENA MEDINA Constituye un gran honor hacer la presentación de Guillermo Sena Medina por un doble motivo; por la larga y sincera amistad que nos une desde hace muchos años al socaire de nuestra común afición por la Historia, como cronistas oficiales de nuestros municipios; y, sobre todo y particularmente, por su rica y profunda personalidad como hombre de letras, nacida de su aún más rica y profunda personalidad humana. A...

Infecções experimentaes na Leishmaniose visceral americana Experimental infections in american visceral leishmaniasis

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Aristides Marques da Cunha

1938-01-01

Full Text Available Passando em revista as experiencias de infecção que effectuamos e que acabamos de relatar, vemos que, as culturas isoladas de casos de Leishmaniose visceral americana quer do homem quer do cão, são capazes de infectar hamsters, rhesus e cães de maneira identica ao que acontece com as outras formas de Kala-Azar. Notamos ainda que a evolução da doença e as lesões observadas nos animaes assim infectados, se assemelham ao que tem sido observado nessa enfermidade aproximando-a de maneira singular do Kala-Azar mediterraneo. É sobretudo no cão que a semelhança se torna mais patente. A infecção da pelle e as lesões por ella provocadas que observamos, não differem em nada das que tem sido descriptas na infecção natural do cão e já assignaladas tambem na infecção experimental desse animal, embora de maneira menos completa do que fazemos agora aqui. As lesões oculares com formação de placas de keratite, a infeccção massiça do intestino nos casos fataes de infecção e até mesmo as lesões do figado descriptas por Adler como peculiares á infecção experimental, (infiltração em torno da veia central do lobulo constituem outros tantos caracteres que mostram a completa analogia entre as infecções do cão que obtivemos e as já observadas no Kala-Azar mediterraneo. Além disso, a presença de Leishmanias na pelle, as vezes em grande numero e a constancia dessa localisação parasitaria, vem mostrar que o cão apresenta as condições necessarias para desempenhar o papel de depositario de virus tal como acontece no Kala-Azar mediterraneo, tanto mais que é elle encontrado naturalmente infectado, nas regiões em que grassa a doença. Mas não é só a infecção do cão que mostra essa semelhança; nos outros animaes tambem se verifica o mesmo facto e até pequenos signaes, taes como a tumefacção das patas assignalada nos hamsters infectados com Leishmania infantum, foram tambem observados aqui. Por outro lado, a reacção de

Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Curatella americana L. Leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopes, Rafael Henrique Oliveira; Macorini, Luis Fernando Benitez; Antunes, Katia Ávila; Espindola, Priscilla Pereira de Toledo; Alfredo, Tamaeh Monteiro; da Rocha, Paola Dos Santos; Pereira, Zefa Valdivina; Dos Santos, Edson Lucas; de Picoli Souza, Kely

2016-01-01

High levels of reactive oxygen species in the body and hyperlipidemia are key factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Curatella americana L. leaves (ExC). The antioxidant activity of ExC was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging capacity and protection against hemolysis induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), followed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA). Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fructose diet (60%) were treated for 60 days with water, simvastatin (30 mg·Kg(-1)), ciprofibrate (2 mg·Kg(-1)), and ExC (200 mg·Kg(-1)). ExC revealed IC50 of 6.0 ± 0.5 μg·mL(-1), an intermediary value among positive controls used in the assay of DPPH scavenging capacity. At all concentrations (50 to 125 μg·mL(-1)) and times (60 to 240 min) evaluated, ExC protected erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis, which was confirmed by lower MDA levels. In vivo tests showed a reduction of 34 and 45%, respectively, in serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats treated with ExC, a similar effect compared to the reference drugs, simvastatin and ciprofibrate, respectively. Together, the results showed the antioxidant activity of ExC and its ability to improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.

Do belo ao sublime: Uma pesquisa histórica, iconográfica e bibliográfica sobre a história da arte latino-americana

OpenAIRE

Chioquetta, Gabriela Dotti

2012-01-01

Anais do I Encontro de Iniciação Científica e de Extensão da Unila - Sessão de Artes e Linguística - 05/06/12 - 14h00 às 18h00 - Unila-Centro - Sala 16 - 3o Piso O objetivo deste projeto é o levantamento histórico e estético da arte latino americana, visando a publica - ção de um livro. Para isso criou-se o GIPE Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Estética Latino Ameri - cana, registrado no CNPQ. Sabendo-se da amplitude da iniciativa, decidiu-se pela divisão do trabalho em doze...

Determinantes da qualidade da informação contábil em grandes companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

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Geovanne Dias de Moura

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que influenciam na qualidade da informação contábil das maiores empresas listadas na BM&Bovespa. Método: Pesquisa realizada em uma amostra composta por 100 companhias abertas. A qualidade da informação foi analisada por meio de um índice desenvolvido por Fathi (2013, composto por 78 itens e que contemplam informações obrigatórias e voluntárias. Os fatores determinantes observados foram governança corporativa, empresa de auditoria, existência de comitê de auditoria, concentração acionária, investidores institucionais e internacionalização da empresa. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram um índice médio de evidenciação equivalente a 78%. A maioria das companhias estavam listadas em níveis diferenciados de governança; eram auditadas por big four e possuíam Comitê de Auditoria. O percentual médio de concentração acionária foi 41,37%; em 44% delas havia investidores institucionais no quadro acionário; e apenas 19% negociavam ações em bolsa americana. Em relação aos fatores determinantes, verificou-se que o fato de a empresa ser auditada por big four; possuir Comitê de Auditoria; possuir participação acionária de investidores institucionais; e negociar ações em bolsa americana reflete-se em informações divulgadas de melhor qualidade. Contribuições: Os achados fornecem evidências adicionais para a literatura existente, além de serem relevantes para os diversos usuários das informações contábeis, tais como analistas e investidores.

Pneumothorax size measurements on digital chest radiographs: Intra- and inter- rater reliability.

Science.gov (United States)

Thelle, Andreas; Gjerdevik, Miriam; Grydeland, Thomas; Skorge, Trude D; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore; Bakke, Per S

2015-10-01

Detailed and reliable methods may be important for discussions on the importance of pneumothorax size in clinical decision-making. Rhea's method is widely used to estimate pneumothorax size in percent based on chest X-rays (CXRs) from three measure points. Choi's addendum is used for anterioposterior projections. The aim of this study was to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Rhea and Choi method using digital CXR in the ward based PACS monitors. Three physicians examined a retrospective series of 80 digital CXRs showing pneumothorax, using Rhea and Choi's method, then repeated in a random order two weeks later. We used the analysis of variance technique by Eliasziw et al. to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability in altogether 480 estimations of pneumothorax size. Estimated pneumothorax sizes ranged between 5% and 100%. The intrarater reliability coefficient was 0.98 (95% one-sided lower-limit confidence interval C 0.96), and the interrater reliability coefficient was 0.95 (95% one-sided lower-limit confidence interval 0.93). This study has shown that the Rhea and Choi method for calculating pneumothorax size has high intrarater and interrater reliability. These results are valid across gender, side of pneumothorax and whether the patient is diagnosed with primary or secondary pneumothorax. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Active packaging for fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. / Embalagem ativa para alface americana (Lactuca sativa L. minimamente processada

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Fábio Yamashita

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The minimal processing of horticultural products endears the raw material and is convenient to the consumer due to the facility for preparing and consuming. The objective of this work was to develop an active packaging for fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. to increase its shelf life. Minimally processing methodology was defined and the product quality was determined by sensorial, physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. The lettuce tree was selected, trimmed, pre-washed, soaked in sanitized water (100ppm of active chlorine for 15 minutes and centrifuged. The lettuce leafs were packed in polypropylene pots with a sachet containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP and sealed with biodegradable starch film. Soon after the processing, the product was stored at 4oC for 12 days. Periodically samples were evaluated in terms of appearance and purchase intention, soluble solids and vitamin C contents, pH, texture, color, weight loss and total count of mesophilic and psicotrofic microorganisms, lactic bacteria, mould and yeast. Using 1-MCP in sachet format did not increase the lettuce shelf life but the minimal processing combined with packaging sealed with biodegradable film is practicable as the product showed good sensorial acceptance, low microbiological counts and shelf life of 5 days at 4oC.O processamento mínimo de produtos hortícolas agrega valor à matéria-prima e são convenientes ao consumidor, devido à facilidade de preparo e consumo. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver uma embalagem ativa para alface americana (Lactuca sativa L. minimamente processada visando o aumento da vida útil. Foi definida uma metodologia de processamento mínimo e a qualidade do produto foi acompanhada através de avaliação sensorial, físico-química e microbiológica. As cabeças de alface foram desfolhadas, selecionadas, pré-lavadas, sanificadas (100 ppm de cloro ativo por 15 minutos e centrifugadas. As folhas foram acondicionadas em potes de

IMPACTO FINANCIERO NO RETORNO DAS AÇÕES EM EMPRESAS LATINO AMERICANAS

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Jaqueline Carla Guse

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Estudiar las caídas de los mercados de valores ha sido un tema de investigación popular en las finanzas. Sin embargo, los estudios se han centrado en las causas, los movimientos y la volatilidad de los mercados bursátiles, durante y después de caídas. Las características de las acciones pueden explicar el impacto en la bolsa de valores sobre el rendimiento de las acciones individuales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este documento es analizar el impacto financiero en los rendimientos de las acciones de empresas de América Latina. Para tal fin fueron utilizados datos de períodos que mostraron mayores bajas de las acciones (entre diciembre de 2007 y diciembre de 2012. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, con abordaje cuantitativo, e investigación documental. Para e análisis de datos se utilizó la regresión múltiple. Los resultados muestran que son muchos los factores que influyen en las caídas de las bolsas, y que los rendimientos de las acciones varían en cada período y para cada país. Para las empresas mexicanas se encontraron que los rendimientos de las acciones están relacionadas con la beta de la acción, el ROE por acción, el valor contable por acción y el flujo de caja. Para las compañías argentinas, los rendimientos son relacionales con la beta de la población, el tamaño de la empresa, sus deudas y ventas. Para las empresas brasileñas, solo las variables de venta por acción y la beta de las acciones demostraron tener influencia en la rentabilidad de las acciones. Por tanto, no se puede generalizar las razones que causan las caídas.

Utilization of modified starch from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed in cream soup production

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Cornelia, M.; Christianti, A.

2018-01-01

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed was often seen as waste and underutilized resources, especially in the food industry. The aim of this research was to modify the structure of avocado seed starch using the cross-linking method, to improve the viscosity stability in the cream soup. In the preliminary research, starch was isolated from the seed and modified by STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) with 2%, 4%, and 6% concentration and were reacted for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Starches were analyzed for moisture and ash content, paste clarity, gel strength, swelling power, solubility, yield, and degree of whiteness. Based on the analysis results, the best reaction time and STPP concentration was 6% at 1 hour reaction time. Native starch and the best-modified starch were applied in the cream soup and compared with commercial cream soup. Cream soups were analyzed for viscosity stability using viscometer in 0, 1, 3, and 5 hours after storage in room temperature. The result showed that cream soup using modified starch has better viscosity stability than native starch and commercial cream soup after 5 hours storage, which was 181.7 ± 4.85 cP. Sensory analysis showed that cream soup using modified starch was more acceptable than the others. Avocado seed modified starch has phosphate group that strengthen the starch chain to prevent viscosity breakdown.

Comparison of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Values in Wild and Captive Whooping Cranes ( Grus americana ).

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Hausmann, Jennifer C; Cray, Carolyn; Hartup, Barry K

2015-09-01

Protein electrophoresis of serum samples from endangered, wild whooping cranes ( Grus americana ) was performed to help assess the health of the only self-sustaining, migratory population in North America. Serum samples from wild adult cranes (n = 22) were taken at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA during winter. Wild juvenile cranes (n = 26) were sampled at Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories, Canada, in midsummer. All captive crane samples were acquired from the International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI, USA. Captive adult cranes (n = 30) were sampled during annual examinations, and archived serum samples from captive juvenile cranes (n = 19) were selected to match the estimated age of wild juveniles. Wild juveniles had significantly lower concentrations of all protein fractions than wild adults, except for prealbumin and γ globulins. All protein fraction concentrations for wild juveniles were significantly lower compared with captive juveniles, except for prealbumin and γ globulins, which were higher. Wild adults had significantly greater γ globulin concentrations than captive adults. Captive juveniles had significantly lower prealbumin and albumin concentrations and albumin : globulin ratios than captive adults. The higher γ globulin concentrations in wild versus captive cranes are likely because of increased antigenic exposure and immune stimulation. Protein fraction concentrations vary significantly with age and natural history in this species. Reference intervals for serum protein electrophoresis results from captive adult whooping cranes are provided in this study.

GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN MEXICAN RACE AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill. GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS DETERMINED BY ISSRs

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H. Cuiris-Pérez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio se efectuó para determinar la existencia de diversidad genética dentro de una colección de germoplasma de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP, Campo Experimental Uruapan (CEFAP-Uruapan. Se investigó la relación parental entre 77 accesiones (231 plantas de la raza Mexicana con el uso de siete ISSRs (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat microsatellites, en inglés. En total se detectaron 154 loci. El porcentaje de polimorfismo varió de 82.3 a 95.4, con un número de bandas entre 17 y 25 dentro de las accesiones. El análisis de similitud genética reveló la formación de dos grupos principales, uno con once subgrupos y el otro con tres subgrupos. La similitud genética fue más alta entre las accesiones 237 (Atlixco, Puebla y XTC01 (Uruapan, Michoacán, mientras que las accesiones 532 (Atlixco, Puebla y 369 (Chilchota, Michoacán fueron las más disímiles. No se encontraron duplicados en los genotipos analizados. En general, el presente estudio demostró la utilidad del análisis mediante ISSRs para la determinación de diversidad genética en aguacate.

Molecular characterization and localization of the first tyramine receptor of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana).

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Rotte, C; Krach, C; Balfanz, S; Baumann, A; Walz, B; Blenau, W

2009-09-15

The phenolamines octopamine and tyramine control, regulate, and modulate many physiological and behavioral processes in invertebrates. Vertebrates possess only small amounts of both substances, and thus, octopamine and tyramine, together with other biogenic amines, are referred to as "trace amines." Biogenic amines evoke cellular responses by activating G-protein-coupled receptors. We have isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes a biogenic amine receptor from the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, viz., Peatyr1, which shares high sequence similarity to members of the invertebrate tyramine-receptor family. The PeaTYR1 receptor was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, and its ligand response has been examined. Receptor activation with tyramine reduces adenylyl cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) approximately 350 nM). The inhibitory effect of tyramine is abolished by co-incubation with either yohimbine or chlorpromazine. Receptor expression has been investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. The mRNA is present in various tissues including brain, salivary glands, midgut, Malpighian tubules, and leg muscles. The effect of tyramine on salivary gland acinar cells has been investigated by intracellular recordings, which have revealed excitatory presynaptic actions of tyramine. This study marks the first comprehensive molecular, pharmacological, and functional characterization of a tyramine receptor in the cockroach.

Anatomical characterization of ultra-structures, biominerals and histolocalization of metabolites in leaves of Genipa americana

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Alex L. Vasconcelos

Full Text Available Abstract Inserted in one of the largest families among the Angiosperms, Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae, can be found in all Brazilian territory, presenting great medicinal importance, where several uses have been attributed. In view of this, this work has the purpose of analyzing the ultrastructural, biomineral, phytochemical and histochemical characteristics of the leaves of this native species from Brazil. For this, light microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used with X-ray scattering energy, associated to chromatographic and histochemical tests. The anatomical ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves detailed information about the type and arrangement of the cuticle, trichomes, surface and arrangement of the tissues that determine the botanical identity of this species. The phytochemical tests allowed determining their chromatographic pattern and histochemistry to determine the exact storage site of these substances in the leaf. It was observed that the characterization of the crystalline macro-pattern present in the analyzed species, as well as its exact elemental composition, can be considered an important differential diagnosis factor. The results characterize the leaves of this species in different aspects, being a native species and pharmacologically promising, with different popular uses and proven pharmacological activities, and more in depth studies is needed.

Evolution of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (POR) in Apiales - POR 1 is missing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Trine Bundgaard; Hansen, Niels Bjørn; Laursen, Tomas

2016-01-01

The NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the obligate electron donor to eukaryotic microsomal cytochromes P450 enzymes. The number of PORs within plant species is limited to one to four isoforms, with the most common being two PORs per plant. These enzymes provide electrons to ...... (available from the SRA at NCBI). All three genes were shown to be functional upon reconstitution into nanodiscs, confirming that none of the isoforms are pseudogenes....

Revolución y contrarrevolución en la ciudad global: las expectativas frustradas por la globalización de nuestras ciudades

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Jordi Borja

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El análisis pesimista, incluso catastrófico, prevalece en los estudios sobre la urbanización global. Por ejemplo, los Informes de PNUD-Habkat o del Worldwatch Institut. O los artículos e intervenciones en encuentros intelectuales. Lo cual no obsta que se reconozca el potencial transformador e integrador de las ciudades. El discurso positivo sobre las libertades ciudadanas que la revolución urbana en curso hace posible forma parte de nuestra cultura. Son dos caras de la realidad. Muchas ciudades, europeas y americanas, han promovido la renovación de sus áreas centrales, que, en muchos casos, abarca casi todo el municipio con una revalorización de la ciudad compacta y heterogénea, caracterizada por la calidad del espacio público. Pero los desarrollos urbanos, las regiones metropolitanas, multiplican las desigualdades en el territorio, generan espacios confusos, físicamente fragmentados y socialmente segregadores. La revolución urbana actual es frustrante. El desafío político, urbanístico y cultural es hoy "hacer ciudad" en el conjunto de las regiones caracterizadas por la urbanizaciónA pessimistic analysis, even catastrophic, prevails in studies of global urbanization. For example, the Reports of the UNDP-Habitat or the Worldwatch Institute, or the articles and presentations in intellectual fora. This does not mean that the transformative and integrative potential of cities is not recognized. The positive discourse about citizens' liberties that the urban revolution, currently in process, makes possible forms part of our culture. These are the two sides of this reality. Many cities, European and American, have promoted regeneration of their central areas that, in many cases, deal with almost an entire municipality, with a revaluing of the compact, heterogenous city characterized by the quality of public space. However the urban developments, the metropolitan regions, multiply inequalities over the landscape, generating spaces that

Female gonadal hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana)

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Megan E; Converse, Sarah J.; Chandler, Jane N.; Shafer, Charles; Brown, Janine L; Keefer, Carol L; Songsasen, Nucharin

2016-01-01

Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered adrenal hormone production.

Female gonadal hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana).

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Megan E; Converse, Sarah J; Chandler, Jane N; Shafer, Charles; Brown, Janine L; Keefer, Carol L; Songsasen, Nucharin

2016-05-01

Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered adrenal hormone production. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Detecção de DNA de Leishmania braziliensis em pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentar americana Detección de DNA de Leishmania braziliensis en pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentaria americana Detection of Leishmania braziliensis DNA in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients

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Leila Martins

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado diagnóstico para leishmaniose tegumentar americana a partir de sangue de pacientes residentes em dois municípios endêmicos do estado de Pernambuco. O DNA de 119 amostras de sangue foi extraído e submetido a reação em cadeia da polimerase. Utilizaram-se primers do minicírculo do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA de Leishmania braziliensis, circulante em Pernambuco, cuja seqüência-alvo gera um fragmento de 750 pares de bases. No total 58 (48,7% indivíduos apresentaram amplificação positiva e 61 (51,3% negativa. Das amostras positivas para a PCR, 37 (≅ 64% pertenciam a indivíduos tratados e sem lesão. Conclui-se que a técnica de PCR é eficaz para identificar o DNA de leishmânia em material de biópsias e em sangue venoso.Fue realizado diagnóstico para leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana a partir de sangre de pacientes residentes en dos municipios endémicos del estado de Pernambuco (Noreste de Brasil. El DNA de 119 muestras de sangre fue extraído y sometido a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se utilizaron primers del minicírculo del DNA del cinetoplasto (kDNA de Leishmania braziliensis, circulante en Pernambuco, cuya secuencia blanco genera un fragmento de 750 pares de bases. En total 58 (48,7% individuos presentaron amplificación positiva y 61 (51,3% negativa. De las muestras positivas para la PCR, 37 (≅64% pertenecían a individuos tratados y sin lesión. Se concluyó que la técnica de la PCR es eficaz para identificar el DNA de Leishmania en material de biopsias y en sangre venosa.Diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis were performed on blood samples of patients living in two endemic municipalities in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. DNA was extracted from 119 samples and used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR analysis. The tests used primers specific for the kinetoplast mini-circle DNA (kDNA of Leishmania braziliensis, a species circulating in Pernambuco, which

Physiological response of American bullfrog tadpoles to stressor conditions of capture and hypoxia Resposta fisiológica de girinos de rã-touro americana submetidos aos mecanismos estressores de captura e hipóxia.

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Guilherme C Rocha

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana, recently named Lithobates catesbeianus is currently farmed for commercial purposes throughout various regions of Brazil. Stressful situations such as problems of management, inadequate facilities and environmental changes with consequent reduction of immunity are common in intensive production. The assessments of these situations of stress allow us detect these problems decreasing the injuries causes by confinement. The main objective of this study was to use the biological markers of plasma cortisol and glucose level and hematological parameters to evaluate the response of bullfrog tadpoles submitted to stressed mechanisms of capture and hypoxia. The animals were subjected to three treatments: stress due to individual capture with a hand net; stress due to batch capture with a hand net; and stress due to capture by emptying. The results obtained demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters tested when comparing the treatments with and without exposure to air (normoxia and hypoxia. Based on these results we can conclude that the stressful stimuli tested were not adequate to alter the biomarker tested. For the cortisol, probably this should have occurred due to the synergistic action between this hormone and thyroxin, which induces metamorphosis in these animals.A rã-touro americana (Rana catesbeiana recentemente denominada Lithobates catesbeianus é cria da com propósito comercial em várias regiões do Brasil. Situações estressantes tais como problemas de manejo, criação inadequada e alterações ambientais com consequente redução da imunidade são comuns em produções intensivas. A avaliação destas situações de estresse permite-nos detectar estes probemas e diminuir as injurias causadas pelo confinamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar os marcadores biológicos de cortisol, glicemia e dados hematológicos para avaliar a resposta de

Osteomalacia inducida por tumor: hemangiopericitoma rinosinusal

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Enriqueta M. Serafini

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La osteomalacia inducida por tumor es una rara enfermedad del metabolismo óseo caracterizada por el aumento en la excreción de fosfato a nivel renal seguido de hipofosfatemia. Es causada por agentes fosfatúricos producidos por determinados tumores. La resección total del tumor resulta en la completa reversión de las anormalidades bioquímicas, la desaparición de las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cuadro clínico y laboratorio compatibles con osteomalacia oncogénica inducida por tumor mesenquimático de localización rinosinusal. En nuestro caso el diagnóstico histológico correspondió a una neoplasia de tipo vascular: hemangiopericitoma.

“La prohibición de publicar encuestas electorales como una limitación desproporcionada e ilegítima de la libertad de expresión e información en Costa Rica”

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Alejandro Fernández Sanabria

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación pretende demostrar que la veda a la difusión de encuestas electorales 72 horas antes y el propio día de las elecciones vigente en Costa Rica no encaja con las autorizaciones excepcionales para limitar el derecho a la información definidas por la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y violenta el principio de igualdad.

Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Padmanabhan, Monika; Arumugam, Geetha

2014-06-01

Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, is traditionally consumed fruit which possesses body fat lowering capacity. Adiponectin plays an important role in regulating obesity. In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of P. americana (HAEPA) on the level of blood lipids, glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expressions was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: groups 1 and 2 were fed normal rat chow (5% fat) and groups 3 and 4 were fed HFD (23% fat) for a period of 14 weeks. In addition, groups 2 and 4 rats were administered orally with 100 mg/kg body weight of HAEPA from third week. After 14 weeks, rats were sacrificed, and serum/plasma levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and adiponectin were determined. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, PPAR-γ and protein expression of PPAR-γ were also evaluated. The body mass index (BMI), total fat pad mass and adiposity index were significantly decreased in HAEPA co-administered rats than in HFD-fed rats. The levels of LDL and lipid peroxides were significantly higher in HFD group than in HFD+HAEPA group. Levels of reduced glutathione, adiponectin, mRNA expression of adiponectin, PPAR-γ and protein expression of PPAR-γ were found to be increased in HFD+HAEPA group than in HFD group. The hypolipidemic effect of HAEPA is also evidenced by the histological observations in liver, heart and adipose tissue. The results indicate that HAEPA exhibits hypolipidemic activity probably by increasing the mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ, which reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Será possível acabar de uma vez por todas com o exílio? "O xale", de Cynthia Ozick Can we finish with exile? "The shawl" by Cynthia Ozick

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Max Kohn

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O exílio, do francês antigo essil, que provém do latim exsillum, significa a expulsão de alguém de sua pátria, com proibição de retornar. É a obrigação de residir fora de um lugar, longe de uma pessoa cuja ausência é lamentada. No conto "The shawl" [O xale] da escritora norte-americana Cynthia Ozick, o xale do bebê pode ser bebido como um líquido, como se o sujeito fosse uma criança, como se fosse seu próprio filho. Nós não podemos sair de uma vez por todas de nossa condição de infans, aquele que não fala. Não há paraíso perdido do qual estaríamos exilados - nossa infância, por exemplo.Can we finish with exile? Exile, from the old French essil, which comes from the Latin exsillum, means the expelling of someone from his/her homeland and the forbidding to return. It's the enforcement to living out of a place, away from someone whose absence is mourned. In the novel The Shawl, by the American novelist Cynthia Ozick, the baby's shawl can be drunk as if it was liquid, as if one were a baby, one's own child. We cannot leave once and forever our condition of infans, that which doesn't speak. There's no lost paradise from where we were exiled - our childhood, for instance.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Juína, Mato Grosso, Brasil = Epidemiological aspects of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the city of Juína, Mato Grosso state, Brazil

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França, Eduardo Luzia

2009-01-01

Conclusões: a análise dos dados revelou que a Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana é uma parasitose importante no município de Juína. Os dados sugerem relação com a atividade laboral e um perfil de transmissão predominantemente silvestre, o que deve ser levado em conta ao definir medidas de controle da doença na região

El paisaje en María y en la Vorágine

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Ernesto Posada Delgado

1967-04-01

Full Text Available Jorge Isaacs y José Eustasio Rivera, dos figuras descollantes en el amplio panorama de la novelística americana, fueron poetas antes que nada y más que otra cosa. Ambos, notables coincidencias, se dieron a conocer de literatos y del público en general por medio de versos, hermosos e inspirados por cierto, escritos en temprana edad; ambos produjeron un solo libro, una novela en prosa, que con impulso vertiginoso los llevó rápidamente al templo de los inmortales y ambos se muestran en su creación literaria como paisajistas consumados.

Vampiros humanizados: análise da obra Interview with the vampire de Anne Rice

OpenAIRE

Patricia Hradec

2014-01-01

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o romance Interview with the Vampire de Anne Rice que é o primeiro livro dos dez que constituem suas Crônicas Vampirescas . Pretende-se com esta pesquisa demonstrar como os vampiros apresentados por Rice são humanizados. Inicia-se com um estudo histórico sobre os vampiros, tanto lendários quanto literários, depois há um estudo sobre a vida e obra da escritora norte-americana bem como um levantamento das diferenças entre os vampiros de Rice e outros ...

Caracterização da qualidade de água e sedimento na UHE Americana relacionados à ocorrência de plantas aquáticas Characterization of water and sediment quality at the Americana reservoir related to the occurrence of aquatic plants

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E.D. Velini

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Americana, pertencente à Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, e faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento realizado em conjunto com a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (UNESP de Botucatu. Foram realizadas amostragens de água e sedimento nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro, abril e junho de 2004. Selecionaram-se seis pontos de coleta no reservatório, sendo cinco a montante da barragem e um a jusante. Levantamentos de flora foram realizados nos meses de dezembro de 2003 e abril e julho de 2004, sendo constatados elevados teores de nitrogênio e fósforo nas amostras de água, com valores médios de 3,867 mg L-1 para nitrato, 0,706 mg L-1 para amônia, 1,372 mg L-1 para nitrito e 151,979 µg L-1 para fosfato dissolvido na água. O sedimento apresentou elevado nível de fertilidade, com médias de 32,18 g kg-1 para matéria orgânica, 68,87 mg dm-3 para P, 36,96 mmol dm-3 para Ca e 11,88 mmol dm-3 para Mg. Espécies marginais e flutuantes foram as principais infestantes do reservatório, destacando-se Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata.This work was carried out at the Americana Reservoir, owned by Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, and was part of a joint R & D project with Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brazil. Water and sediment samplings were collected in October and December 2003 and February, April and June 2004. Six sampling points were selected, being five upstream the barrage and one downstream. Flora assessment was carried out in December 2003, April and July 2004. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed in the water samples with average values of 3.867 mg L-1 for nitrate, 0.706 mg L-1 for ammonia, 1.372 mg L-1 for nitrite and 151.979 µg L-1 for phosphate dissolved in water. Sediment presented a high level of fertility with mean values of 31.18 g kg-1 for organic matter, 68

Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Curatella americana L. Leaves

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Rafael Henrique Oliveira Lopes

2016-01-01

Full Text Available High levels of reactive oxygen species in the body and hyperlipidemia are key factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Curatella americana L. leaves (ExC. The antioxidant activity of ExC was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH scavenging capacity and protection against hemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH, followed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA. Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fructose diet (60% were treated for 60 days with water, simvastatin (30 mg·Kg−1, ciprofibrate (2 mg·Kg−1, and ExC (200 mg·Kg−1. ExC revealed IC50 of 6.0±0.5 μg·mL−1, an intermediary value among positive controls used in the assay of DPPH scavenging capacity. At all concentrations (50 to 125 μg·mL−1 and times (60 to 240 min evaluated, ExC protected erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis, which was confirmed by lower MDA levels. In vivo tests showed a reduction of 34 and 45%, respectively, in serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats treated with ExC, a similar effect compared to the reference drugs, simvastatin and ciprofibrate, respectively. Together, the results showed the antioxidant activity of ExC and its ability to improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.

Cura espontânea da leishmaniose causada por Leishmania Viannia Braziliensis em lesões cutâneas

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Jackson Maurício Lopes Costa

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam que durante 14 anos de trabalho clínico em campo, realizado nas comunidades de Três Braços e Corte de Pedra, Bahia, acompanharam 1.416 pacientes portadores de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana, cuja espécie envolvida na transmissão, é predominantemente a Leishmania Viannia brasilienses. A terapêutica utilizada rotineiramente nos casos é o antimoniato-N-metilglucamina (Glucantime. Contudo, 16 pacientes do sexo masculino recusaram-se a utilizar a medicação e 6 do sexo feminino encontravam-se em período gestacional, portanto não utilizaram o medicamento. Estes pacientes foram acompanhados por um período entre 4 a 12 anos, a partir do diagnóstico. Observou-se que em 9 pacientes (40,9% desta casuística, o tempo de cicatrizaçâo após o aparecimento da lesão, pode ser calculado em 6 meses de evolução. Quando se eleva a observação para 12 meses, temos que 19 pacientes (86,3% cicatrizaram suas lesões neste período. Em 3 casos (13,6% as lesões permaneceram ativas por mais de 12 meses. Conclui-se que os determinantes da cicatrizaçâo natural das lesões produzidas por Leishmania Viannia Braziliensis permanecem desconhecidos, dificultando para nós entendermos e compararmos aos efeitos das drogas utilizadas no tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar.In field clinics in the comunities of Três Braços and Corte de Pedra, Bahia, we have attended 1.416 patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis in fourteen years, the predomi nant species in transmission is Leishmania Viannia brasiliensis (LVB. Because of the danger of metastasis with this infection treatment was routinely recomended with Glucantime. However sixteen patients refused injection therapy and six women were pregnant when seen and not treated. All patients were followed up in our clinic. All these patients closed their skin ulcers although one subsequently relapsed. Patients were followed up for variable periods (four to twelve years, after the diagnosis. In

Alguns dados sobre a leishmaniose visceral americana e doença de Chagas no Nordeste Brasileiro (Relatório de uma excursão realizada nos Estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Baía

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R. Pondé

1942-01-01

Full Text Available Antes de nossas pesquisas, nas zonas emque trabalhamos, haviam sido asinalados cinco casos vivos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana, três no Ceará e dois em Pernambuco. Alem desses, oito tinham sido evidenciados por viscerotomia na Baía, município de Jacobina. Já se tinha conhecimento tambem, de um caso de Doença de Chagas no Ceará. Na confecção do presente trabalho visitamos regiões dos Estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Baía, onde realizamos rápidos inquéritos epidemiológicos sobre as duas protozooses. No Ceará, região do Cariri, encontramos dois novos casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo exame de esfregaços de polpa esplênica, e cinco de Doença de Chagas, evidenciandos pelos xenodiagnóstico. Foram capturados Flebotomus longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, F. villelai Mangabeira., F. limai Fonseca e F. nordestinus Mangabeira, assim com Panstrongylus megistus (Burm., 13.5% dos quais infectados. Examinamos animais domésticos (cães e gatos e silvestres com resultado negativo. Em Pernambuco, município de Exú, fizemos um inquérito sobre os dois casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana anteriormente assinalados, não encontrando outros. foram capturados F. longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, alem de Panstrongylus magistus (Burm. e Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva; nenhum deles estava infectado. Dos animais domésticos foram autopsiados três cães sendo encontrado um com leishmanias no fígado e no baço. O exame de 43 animais silvestres nada revelou. Na Baía, município de Jacobina, encontramos, na zona periférica da cidade, um caso de Leishmaniose visceral Americana e, em outras localidades do município, três outros casos, cujos diagnósticos foram confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços de polpa esplênica; encontramos, também dois casos de Doença de Chagas, evidenciados pelo xenodiagnóstico. Foram capturados F. evandroi Costa Lima, F. lenti Mangabeira e F. longipalpis Lutz & Neiva; Panstrongylus

Interplay between a Wnt-dependent organiser and the Notch segmentation clock regulates posterior development in Periplaneta americana

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John E. Chesebro

2012-12-01

Sequential addition of segments in the posteriorly growing end of the embryo is a developmental mechanism common to many bilaterians. However, posterior growth and patterning in most animals also entails the establishment of a ‘posterior organiser’ that expresses the Caudal and Wnt proteins and has been proposed to be an ancestral feature of animal development. We have studied the functional relationships between the Wnt-driven organiser and the segmentation mechanisms in a basal insect, the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Here, posteriorly-expressed Wnt1 promotes caudal and Delta expression early in development to generate a growth zone from which segments will later bud off. caudal maintains the undifferentiated growth zone by dampening Delta expression, and hence Notch-mediated segmentation occurs just outside the caudal domain. In turn, Delta expression maintains Wnt1, maintaining this posterior gene network until all segments have formed. This feedback between caudal, Wnt and Notch-signalling in regulating growth and segmentation seems conserved in other arthropods, with some aspects found even in vertebrates. Thus our findings not only support an ancestral Wnt posterior organiser, but also impinge on the proposals for a common origin of segmentation in arthropods, annelids and vertebrates.

Porøse materialer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

2000-01-01

Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM).......Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM)....

Seasonal movements and multiscale habitat selection of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) in natural and agricultural wetlands

Science.gov (United States)

Pickens, Bradley A.; King, Sammy L.; Vasseur, Phillip L.; Zimorski, Sara E.; Selman, Will

2017-01-01

Eleven of 15 species of cranes (family: Gruidae) are considered vulnerable or endangered, and the increase of agriculture and aquaculture at the expense of natural wetlands and grasslands is a threat to Gruidae worldwide. A reintroduced population of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) was studied in coastal and agricultural wetlands of Louisiana and Texas, USA. The objectives were to compare Whooping Crane movements across seasons, quantify multiscale habitat selection, and identify seasonal shifts in selection. Whooping Cranes (n = 53) were tracked with satellite transmitters to estimate seasonal core-use areas (50% home range contours) via Brownian bridge movement models and assess habitat selection. Whooping Crane core-use areas (n = 283) ranged from 4.7 to 438.0 km2, and habitat selection changed seasonally as shallow water availability varied. Whooping Crane core-use areas were composed of more fresh marsh in spring/summer, but shifted towards rice and crawfish (Procambarus spp.) aquaculture in the fall/winter. Within core-use areas, aquaculture was most strongly selected, particularly in fall when fresh marsh became unsuitable. Overall, the shifting of Whooping Crane habitat selection over seasons is likely to require large, heterogeneous areas. Whooping Crane use of agricultural and natural wetlands may depend on spatio-temporal dynamics of water depth.

Emprego da associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim no tratamento da paracoccidioidose (blastomicose Sul-Americana

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P. N. Pedrosa

1974-06-01

Full Text Available Acentuando a necessidade da continuação das pesquisas terapêuticas em pacientes com paracoccidioidose (blastomicose sul-americana, os autores apresentam 23 pacientes submetidos a diferentes esquemas terapêuticos, sendo 14 virgens de tratamento e 9 com uso prévio de uma ou mais drogas. A associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim ( SMZ + TMP foi empregada em 5 pacientes virgens de tratamento e 9 sulfa-resistentes. Outros sete foram submetidos ao esquema clássico com sulfadoxina. Os pacientes que não responderam aos dois esquemas anteriores, com exceção de dois casos inicialmente graves, receberam anfotericina B. A avaliação clínica, radiológica, micológica e sorológica a longo prazo não demonstrou vantagens no emprego de SMZ + TMP em substituição aos sulfamídicos, nos pacientes virgens de tratamento. Entretanto, a associação SMZ + TMP parece ser uma opção válida nos casos sulfa-resistentes, onde teria primazia, considerando-se a toxicidade e necessidade de controle em regime hospitalar da anfotericina B. Ressaltam ainda a boa tolerância clínica e laboratorial da associação SMZ + TMP em cursos terapêuticos prolongados de até 2 anos, quando empregadas em baixas doses de manutenção.

O planejamento do "Recreio nas Férias" na cidade Paulista de Americana Planning for the program "leisure during the school break" ("Recreio nas Férias" in the brazilian city of Americana, state of São Paulo

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Nayara Torre de Almeida

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo constitui um relato de experiência do processo de planejamento e implementação do projeto "Recreio nas Férias" em um dos núcleos do Programa Segundo Tempo, localizado no bairro Vila Jones na cidade Paulista de Americana. O Projeto "Recreio nas Férias" é uma iniciativa do Ministério do Esporte, implantada em 2009 com o objetivo de, no período de férias escolares, oferecer às crianças e adolescentes participantes do programa, opções de esporte e lazer (e.g., atividades lúdicas, esportivas, artísticas, culturais, sociais e turísticas que "preencham o seu tempo livre de forma prazerosa e ao mesmo tempo construtiva" (BRASIL, 2010. Confrontando tais objetivos com os estudos mais atuais no campo do lazer é possível perceber que, no campo das políticas públicas, ainda permanece a visão histórica que tende a tratar o lazer como ocupação do tempo ocioso, principalmente quando se trata das propostas voltadas às classes populares. Isso fica evidente na preocupação explícita de "preencher o tempo livre", enfatizando seu caráter ocupacional. Nesse sentido, tecemos algumas aproximações com estudos de Silva (2003, 2008 e Marcellino (1995, 2001, 2008 compreendendo o lazer como uma das possibilidades de vivência do lúdico e construção da cidadania, ou seja, buscando responder a seguinte questão: pode o lazer assumir outro papel, senão este "ocupacional" historicamente observado nas políticas de esporte e lazer voltadas às classes populares?This study reports the planning and the implementation of the program "Recreio nas Férias" in one of the centers of the program "Second Half" ("Programa Segundo Tempo", located in Vila Jones in the Brazilian city of Americana, State of São Paulo. The program "Leisure During the School Break" ("Recreio nas Férias" is a project of the Ministry of Sports, lounged in 2009. The aim was, during the school break, to provide children and adolescents with sports and leisure

¿Una primera epidemia americana de viruela en 1493?

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David Cook, Noble

2003-04-01

Full Text Available We analyze the current debates about the origins of humans in the Western Hemisphere. The work of physical anthropologists and geneticists have forced archeologists to re-examine traditional hypotheses. The dating of the mankind’s migration across the Bering Straits has been pushed back another 10,000 to 15,000 years before the present. At the same time the ties between Paleoindians and East Asians has been further supported and the model of big game hunting as the original pattern of mankind’s socio-economic organization in the Americas has been challenged by new research from South American sites.

Documentación dada a conocer últimamente descubre que varios indios tainos llevados por Colón a España para ser enseñados a los Reyes Católicos murieron de viruela en Cádiz al salir la segunda expedición en 1493. Por las condiciones sanitarias reinantes y la aglomeración a bordo, la infección pudo perfectamente afectar a más viajeros y a dar pie a una epidemia. El artículo aporta un elemento nuevo al debate sobre las causas de la rápida desaparición de la población indígena de la Española.

Serviço de Referência Virtual: implantação do serviço de chat

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Natalia Nakano

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Com o advento da Internet e da Web Colaborativa, as bibliotecas tiveram que repensar a maneira como disponibilizam seus serviços. Assim, as bibliotecas norte-americanas iniciaram uma busca por inovações tecnológicas para levar a biblioteca até o usuário com recursos que ele já utiliza. O Serviço de Referência Virtual (SRV por meio de chat online e a referência por videoconferência caracterizam serviços que derivaram dessa busca. Objetivo: A proposta apresentada tem como objetivo delinear um dos processos de implantação dos recursos tecnológicos dos Serviços de Referência Virtuais (SRV utilizados por bibliotecas de universidades norte-americanas, em especial aqueles para atendimento por chat, bem como apresentar as experiências brasileiras bem sucedidas. Propõe fatores a serem considerados para a implantação do Serviço de Referência Virtual por meio de chat para bibliotecas desejosas de incluir esse serviço de atendimento no rol de seus serviços. Metodologia: A metodologia de pesquisa, consiste em um aporte teórico feito a partir da literatura produzida nacional e internacionalmente sobre o assunto, além de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada por meio da observação participante. Resultados: O SRV é um serviço que traz benefícios à comunidade e coloca a biblioteca em consonância com as demandas tecnológicas de informação e comunicação. Conclusões: Conclui-se que o SRV online em tempo real é apropriado à realidade das bibliotecas de universidades brasileiras, uma vez que as instituições que dispõem o serviço têm resultados positivos de suas avaliações e acreditam estar agregando valor à sua biblioteca.

Verdad por definición

OpenAIRE

Garrido Garrido, Julián

1997-01-01

Not available.La verdad por definición es un tipo peculiar de verdad científica, distinguible de las verdades lógicas, matemáticas y empíricas. La definición, por su parte, designa diversos procedimientos de asignación de significado, cuyas diferencias exigen una adjetivación cuidadosa: definiciones ostensivas y operacionales, definiciones de diccionario y definiciones teóricas. Pero sólo las del último tipo son verdaderas por definición. En el presente artículo se precisa el concepto formal ...

Electrocardiografo por computadora

OpenAIRE

Tinoco Hernandez, Rosanna; Paredes Bejarano, Margarita; Romero Chaglia, Norman; Yapur Auad, Miguel Eduardo

2009-01-01

El presente trabajo trata sobrees el diseño y la implementación de un graficador de señales cardiacas por computadora, para lo cual diseñamos un circuito electrónico capaz de recibir la senal analógica proveniente de la actividad electrica del corazón , amplificarla, y luego convertirla en una señal digital para ser procesada por software y finalmente ser graficada, siendo posible así observar la señal cardiaca en el monitor de un computador como un tren de pulsos. Cabe destacar que par...

Argentine Civil-Military Relations. From Alfonsin to Menem

Science.gov (United States)

2002-11-01

prison, and although los carap- intada organized as the Movement for Ibero-American Integration and Na- tional Identity (Movimiento de Identidad ...total army personnel (1983–1989), 80 United States Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System and, 83 MINEII. See Movimiento de Identidad Nacional e...133 Movimentismo, 18–19, 31–32, 36, 167 Movimento Todos por la Patria, 73 Movimiento de Identidad Nacional e Integración Ibero-Americana, 133

Historia de la medicina tropical, parasitologia e higiene en Colombia. Datos bibliográficos

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Alfonso Bonilla Naar

1945-05-01

Full Text Available (1830-1943 (Final del índice de  trabajos por Secciones. R - Rickettsiasis (45 trabajos. 1852-1943. S Sarampión (6 trabajos. 1892-1933. Schistosomiasis (2 trabajos. 1915-1925. Sífilis (22 trabajos. 1898-1943. Sodoku? (1 trabajo. 1936. T Tosferina (2 trabajos. 1904-1925. Tripanosomiasis Americana (Chagas. (15 trabajos. 1926-1944. T Tuberculosis V Veterinaria. (38 trabajos. 1881-1942. Viruela (10 trabajos. 1881-1925

UJI STABILITAS FORMULA KRIM TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana L. Merr.

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Islamudin Ahmad

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Has conducted research on formulation and stability of sunscreen cream onion bulb extract dayak ( Eleutherine Americana L. Merr . . From the empirical data for the onions dayak has been used as an anti- cancer prevention and treatment by people of Borneo so it needs to be further investigated to obtain the data laboratory to support the empirical data . Several classes of secondary metabolites found in the bulbs of onions dayak alkaloids , glycosides , flavonoids , phenolics , steroids and tannins . The study was conducted as the basis for the formulation of sunscreen preparations aimed at the prevention of skin cancer . The study was conducted with bulb onions dayak extraction using Soxhlet method with solvent n - hexane , ethyl acetate , n - butanol , and ethanol as the active ingredient of the formula of making preparations . Tests conducted on formulations A and B with the concentration of garlic bulb extract dayak by 0.1% , consisting of physical stability test ( organoleptic , homogeneity and chemical ( pH and dosage in order to obtain a stable dosage formula . The test results obtained on the organoleptic test was no change in the observations made on each preparation before and after storage at room temperature on day - 7 , -14 , and -21 . Then the homogeneity test of the hedonic test results at 95% confidence level ( SNI 01-2346-2006 , concluded that the homogeneity of the preparation in all formulas produced in the category of smooth . Further testing on the pH stability and pH 5.5 to 8.0 to be produced that Formula A and Formula B to pH 7.0 to 7.7 with various concentrations of the extract , after 21 days of storage , inferred pH remains stable and safe dosage for used ( SNI 16-4399-1996 as formula sunscreen preparations made from onion bulb extract dayak . Key words : bulb onions dayak, sunscreen, formulas, test stability, skin cancer   ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi dan stabilitas krim tabir surya ekstrak

Educação em saúde: ensinando sobre a leishmaniose tegumentar americana Health education: teaching about American tegumentary leishmaniasis

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Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Os conhecimentos sobre a circulação da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA, assim como sua percepção pela população local, são de grande valia para o estabelecimento de campanhas de controle, pois mobiliza a comunidade em ações sanitárias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo esclarecer alunos e professores do ensino fundamental (1ª a 4ª série das Escolas Municipais de Maricá sobre a LTA, por meio de palestras, cartazes e cartilhas com atividades, visando à conscientização do grupo. Em sete Escolas Municipais, foram ministradas palestras e atividades a 1.314 alunos do ensino fundamental e 56 professores. Foram também distribuídas cartilhas aos alunos com atividades para a fixação do assunto. Após dois meses, uma escola foi eleita para avaliação (Escola E, sendo que, dos 213 alunos que assistiram a palestra, 198 responderam ao questionário, 178 (89,9% lembravam da doença, e 125 (63,1% responderam corretamente como ocorria a transmissão. Assim, crianças e professores informados podem funcionar como difusores da informação em Saúde na sua comunidade, sendo capazes de atuar de forma relevante no controle de endemias.Knowledge on the circulation of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL and perception by the local population are highly relevant for developing a control program, since they mobilize the community for effective health measures. This work aimed to orient primary school teachers and pupils (grades 1 through 4 in the public school system in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, on ATL, using talks, posters, and leaflets with an interactive approach. Talks were given in seven municipal schools, and activities were held with 1,314 pupils and 56 teachers. Leaflets were distributed to the pupils with activities to help consolidate the content. Two months later one school was chosen for post-evaluation. Of the 213 pupils who had attended the talk, 198 answered a questionnaire, of whom 178 (89.9% could remember

Distinct localization of FMRFamide- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like material in the brain, retrocerebral complex and suboesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Verhaert, P; Grimmelikhuijzen, C J; De Loof, A

1985-01-01

One bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) antiserum and two FMRFamide antisera were applied in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique on a complete series of sections of brains, suboesophageal ganglia (SOG), corpora cardiaca (CC) and corpora allata of Periplaneta americana...... L. Double immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the same perikarya and processes were stained by both the BPP and FMRFamide antisera. This was caused by cross-reaction of the BPP and FMRFamide antisera with common antigenic determinants as was shown by a number of solid-phase absorptions....... Application of a third FMRFamide antiserum, which was especially selected for its inability to react with bovine and avian pancreatic polypeptide, showed that more than half of the structures that were stained with the 'unspecific' BPP and FMRFamide antisera, contained material which was genuinely FMRFamide...

Celulitis por citomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus cellulitis

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A. Ruiz Lascano

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.Cutaneous lesions in CMV infection are rare, often a late manifestation of systemic infection, and usually herald a fatal course. A 70 year-old woman received a kidney transplantation one month before consulting and immunosuppressive therapy that included cyclosporine A and methylprednisone. She complained of fever, local pain in her right leg, and an erythematous and swelling plaque. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics without improvement. A skin biopsy was performed and the tissue obtained was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures as well as for histological examination. Cultures were negative. The biopsy showed CMV cytopathic changes. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for CMV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR testing revealed CMV DNA. She was treated with ganciclovir with resolution of the lesion. CMV cellulitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation

Informação e conhecimento: análise da rede apl têxtil de americana/sp-Brasil

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Cibele Roberta Sugahara

2012-08-01

Full Text Available This paper reports on the analysis knowledge building process in the context of networked companies, more specifically in the American Textile Network APL/SP-Brazil (Local Productive Arrangement. To do so, a case study was used to analyze the information exchange for the development of joint activities in the Textile Network APL that incorporates several links of the textile supply chain (Spinning, Processing, Weaving and Tailoring, located in the surrounding of Americana,Sao Paulo. Based on earlier studies regarding the process of knowledge construction developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1997, a questionnaire with 7 (seven questions was applied to the experts making up the APL Textile network. The study involved 37 participant companies out of 51. From this instrument, it was possible to collect data to support the research regarding information exchange and knowledge sharing for the development of joint activities among the case study members. The work highlights the importance of sharing tacit knowledge that allows reconstructing and exploiting knowledge more broadly. That is why the externalization of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is also required in a networked environment.

Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

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Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE, para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (IDP para cada año. Resultados. Se registraron 232 541 muertes por cáncer en el período 2000-2010. Los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron de mama, estómago y vesícula biliar en mujeres; y estómago, próstata y pulmón en hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer estandarizadas por edad fueron mayores en los NE más bajos, excepto para el de mama en mujer y el de pulmón en hombres. Las mayores diferencias se encontraron en el de vesícula biliar en mujeres y el de estómago en hombres, con mayores tasas de mortalidad específica de hasta 49 y 63 veces respectivamente, para NE bajo respecto al NE alto. Entre 2000 y 2010, las diferencias en mortalidad por NE se redujeron para todos los cánceres combinados en ambos géneros, mama en mujeres, y pulmón y estómago en hombres. Conclusiones. Durante el período estudiado, la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile estuvo fuertemente asociada al NE de la población. Esta información debe ser considerada al definir estrategias nacionales para reducir la mortalidad específica por cáncer en los grupos más desprotegidos.

Muhammad Ali, um outsider na sociedade americana?

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Flávio Py Mariante Neto

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo analisa a carreira do boxeador Muhammad Ali segundo as formulações sobre as relações de poder em configurações apresentadas por Norbert Elias. O propósito foi compreender como um atleta que foi contra questões tão profundas da sociedade estabelecida obteve sucesso profissional. Tratou-se de um estudo documental, tendo como fonte livros, artigos e reportagens publicadas sobre a trajetória do lutador. Concluiu-se que apesar de Ali ter se posicionado contra padrões estabelecidos de sua época em questões como a religião, o racismo e o patriotismo, a sua habilidade técnica acima da média, o seu poder de autopromoção e a sua capacidade de participar do jogo no contexto configuracional de que fazia parte, lhe deram condições de sobrevivência no mundo do boxe e conseqüente sucesso profissional.

Norma y prestigio en el español de América. Apuntes para una planificación de la lengua española

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Moreno Fernández, Francisco

1992-01-01

Estas páginas pretenden desarrollar algunas de las ideas expuestas en el trabajo "Planificación lingüística y Dialectología" y proyectarlas sobre el español de América. Una planificación del español en el mundo hispánico es, hoy por hoy, una empresa difícil, dado que falta mucho por conocer de la realidad americana en sus facetas lingüística y socio-lingüística y de la actitud de sus propios hablantes hacia la lengua y sus usos. Mal puede planificarse cuando se conoce poco lo que ha de ser pl...

RCA : resource consumptions accounting

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Valeska Rodriguez Lucas de Freitas

2013-01-01

Devido à grande concorrência do mercado o controle de custos passa a ser peça fundamental no auxílio à tomada de decisão quanto à redução dos custos, visando uma lucratividade maior por parte das empresas. Essa dissertação trata sobre um novo modelo de custos, o RCA – Resource Consumption Accounting, que ainda não foi adotado por nenhuma empresa. Esse novo método de custeio foi aplicado como modelo piloto em uma empresa Americana onde os resultados foram favoráveis a ele em relação aos modelo...

Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, and child neuropsychological development: two Southern European birth cohort studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Casas, Maribel; Chatzi, Leda; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Amiano, Pilar; Guxens, Mònica; Kogevinas, Manolis; Koutra, Katerina; Lertxundi, Nerea; Murcia, Mario; Rebagliato, Marisa; Riaño, Isolina; Rodríguez-Bernal, Clara L; Roumeliotaki, Theano; Sunyer, Jordi; Mendez, Michelle; Vrijheid, Martine

2013-04-01

Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity may be associated with impaired infant neuropsychological development; however, there are few studies and it is unclear if reported associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms. We assessed whether maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with cognitive and psychomotor development scores (mean 100 ± 15) of children aged 11-22 months in two birth cohorts: Environment and Childhood (INMA, Spain; n = 1967) and Mother-Child (RHEA, Greece: n = 412). Paternal body mass index (BMI) was used as a negative control exposure. The percentage of overweight and obese mothers was 18% and 8%, respectively, in INMA and 20% and 11% in RHEA, respectively. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with reduced infant cognitive development scores in both INMA (score reduction: -2.72; 95% CI: -5.35, -0.10) and RHEA (score reduction: -3.71; 95% CI: -8.45, 1.02), after adjusting for socioeconomic variables and paternal BMI. There was evidence in both cohorts of a dose-response relationship with continuous maternal BMI. Paternal overweight/obesity was not associated with infant cognitive development. Associations with psychomotor scores were not consistent between cohorts, and were stronger for paternal than maternal BMI in RHEA. This study in two birth cohorts with moderately high obesity prevalence suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with reduced child cognitive development at early ages. This association appears more likely to be due to maternal than shared family and social mechanisms, but further research is needed to disentangle a direct intrauterine effect from other maternal confounding factors.

Zpráva o prvním archeobotanickém nálezu líčidla amerického (Phytolacca americana L.) ve střední Evropě a o dalších druzích užitkových rostlin z Prahy-Hradčan

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čulíková, Věra

2007-01-01

Roč. 59, č. 2 (2007), s. 353-370 ISSN 0323-1267 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : plant macroremains * medieval time * early modern times * Prague-Hradčany * utility plants * Phytolacca americana Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Potential production and growth analysis of local variety and Americana variety of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sumakud, M.Y.M.A.

2000-01-01

Soybean needs high radiation intensity for photosynthesis process; therefore 100 percent of the sunlight are needed. Due to increasing the soybean production, the environment factor such as climate, soil and management are needed. One of the environment factor that influence the growth and dry matter production is radiation. This research done was to see the potential production of local variety and Americana variety by observing the total radiation absorption, temperature, rainfall and humidity. Therefore the objective of this research was to know the potential production in tropic area in soybean. If the production is mainly determined by the high growth rate or the length of phase linear or both of them also by the efficiency of radiation that received by the plant. The method of this research was carried out by using completed randomized design, with three replications. The result showed that the growth and the production of soybean are determined by growth rate (Cm) and the length of growth linear (tm). Dry matter of soybean is determined by growth rate instead of the length of growth linear, for efficiency of radiation are not significant. Pod formation is determined by the growth rate, content of pods is determined by the length of linear growth

Muerte materna por malaria grave por Plasmodium vivax

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Nancy Arróspide

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 19 años con 29 semanas de gestación, procedente de Llumpe (Ancash con antecedentes de viajes a las localidades de Chanchamayo (Junín y Rinconada (Ancash. Ingresó al Hospital de Chacas (Ancash por presentar mal estado general, deshidratación, dificultad respiratoria, ictericia, sensación de alza térmica y dolor abdominal, tuvo reporte de: hemoparásitos 60% en frotis sanguíneo. Fue transferida al Hospital Ramos Guardia (Huaraz donde presentó mayor dificultad respiratoria, coluria, hematuria, disminución del débito urinario y reporte de Plasmodium (+, luego fue transferida al Hospital Cayetano Heredia (Lima donde ingresó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI, con evolución a falla multiorgánica, óbito fetal y muerte materna. Se confirmó infección por Plasmodium vivax. Destacamos la importancia de mejorar nuestras capacidades de diagnóstico y manejo para brindar un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Avocado Hass (Persea americana Mill) in the Interaction System Fruit-Chitosan-Colletotrichum.

Science.gov (United States)

Xoca-Orozco, Luis-Ángel; Cuellar-Torres, Esther Angélica; González-Morales, Sandra; Gutiérrez-Martínez, Porfirio; López-García, Ulises; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Vega-Arreguín, Julio; Chacón-López, Alejandra

2017-01-01

Avocado ( Persea americana ) is one of the most important crops in Mexico as it is the main producer, consumer, and exporter of avocado fruit in the world. However, successful avocado commercialization is often reduced by large postharvest losses due to Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of anthracnose. Chitosan is known to have a direct antifungal effect and acts also as an elicitor capable of stimulating a defense response in plants. However, there is little information regarding the genes that are either activated or repressed in fruits treated with chitosan. The aim of this study was to identify by RNA-seq the genes differentially regulated by the action of low molecular weight chitosan in the avocado-chitosan- Colletotrichum interaction system. The samples for RNA-seq were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan, fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum and fruits both treated with chitosan and inoculated with the fungus. Non-treated and non-inoculated fruits were also analyzed. Expression profiles showed that in short times, the fruit-chitosan system presented a greater number of differentially expressed genes, compared to the fruit-pathogen system. Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a large number of metabolic processes regulated by chitosan, including those preventing the spread of Colletotrichum . It was also found that there is a high correlation between the expression of genes in silico and qPCR of several genes involved in different metabolic pathways.

Effects of Persea americana Mill. seed extracts on the postembryonic development of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscoide

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Silvia del C. Molina Bertrán

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Context: The synthetic insecticides used to control Diptera are harmful to the environment and humans. Extracts and compounds from plants are a more sustainable source for the development of bio-insecticides. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a hydroalcoholic extract of Persea americana Mill seeds as an alternative control of the species Musca domestica. Methods: The extracts were obtained by two methods, the Shaker (S and the Soxhlet extraction (SE method, using 94% ethanol as the solvent. Also, the qualitative chemical composition was determined by phytochemical screening. The effect of the two extracts on the post-embryonic development of the fly as well as the adulticidal effect was evaluated. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, sugars and amino acids. The influence on the post-embryonic development of M. domestica was demonstrated, especially on the viability of larvae and neolarvae to adults; however, the effect on the weight and duration of each period was low. The adulticidal effects of the extracts were determined by the lethal concentration 50(LC50 of 2.910 mg/100 mL and 3.944 mg/100 mL for the S and SE extracts, respectively. Conclusions: Both extracts showed their insecticidal effects against Musca domestica, but the extract elaborated by S method showed greater influence diminishing viability and better adulticidal effect.

BIOLOGÍA DE OLIGONYCHUS YOTHERSI (MCGREGOR (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE SOBRE AGUACATE PERSEA AMERICANA MILL. CV. LORENA (LAURACEAE

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Reyes Julian C

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la biología del ácaro rojo Oligonychus yothersi en condiciones controladas(26 ± 3°C 56 ± 3% HR, sobre hojas maduras de aguacate, Persea americana Mill. cv.Lorena. Las observaciones se realizaron durante una generación del ácaro. La duraciónde todos los estados, a excepción del adulto, fueron los siguientes: huevo 119.06 horas±13.77 (4.96 días; larva 54.09 horas ± 18.48 (2.25 días, protocrisálida 18.22 ± 9.53(0.76 días, protoninfa 50.62 horas ± 13.29 (2.11 días, deutocrisalida 21.66 horas ±7.78 (0.90 días, deutoninfa 62.54 horas ± 12.85 (2.61 días y teliocrisalida 30.79 horas± 13.28 (1.28 días. La duración total de huevo a emergencia de adulto fue estimadaen 344.21 horas (14.34 días. La relación de sexos encontrada fue de 4.8 hembras: 1macho. Los parámetros poblacionales, i.e., longevidad, fecundidad, tasa intrínsecade crecimiento (r m , tiempo de duplicación y tiempo generacional, sugieren un altopotencial reproductivo y de desarrollo del ácaro sobre aguacate cv. Lorena.

Isolation and Purification of an Antibacterial Protein from Immune Induced Haemolymph of American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

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Hamid Reza Basseri

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Background: Antimicrobial peptides play a role as effectors substances in the immunity of vertebrate and inverte­brate hosts. In the current study, antimicrobial peptide was isolated from the haemolymph of the American cock­roach, Periplaneta americana.Methods: Micrococcus luteus as Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria were candi­date for injection. Induction was done by injecting both bacteria into the abdominal cavity of two groups of cock­roaches separately. The haemolymphs were collected 24 hours after post injection and initially tested against both bacteria. Subsequently, the immune induced haemolymph was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC to separate the proteins responsible for the antibacterial activity.Results: The non-induced haemolymph did not show any activity against both bacteria whereas induced haemo­lymph exhibited high activity against M. luteus but did less against E. coli. Two fractions showed antibacterial activ­ity against M. luteus. Finally the molecular weight of the isolated antibacterial proteins were determined as 72 kDa and 62 kDa using SDS-PAGE.Conclusion: Induced haemolymph of American cockroaches has the ability to produce peptides to combat against Gram-positive bacteria when an immune challenge is mounted. Further work has to be done to sequence of the pro­tein, which it would be advantageous.

The role of gut microbiota in the regulation of standard metabolic rate in female Periplaneta americana

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Paul A. Ayayee

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Insect gut microbiota contribute significantly to host nutritional ecology. Disrupting insect gut microbial assemblages impacts nutrient provisioning functions, and can potentially affect host standard metabolic rate (SMR, a measure of host energy balance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of disrupting gut microbial assemblages on the SMR of female Periplaneta americana cockroaches fed dog food (DF, high protein/carbohydrate (p/c ratio, and cellulose-amended dog food (CADF, 30% dog food, 70% cellulose, low p/c ratio diets, supplemented with none, low, or high antibiotic doses. Bacterial loads decreased significantly between diet types (P = 0.04 and across antibiotic doses (P = 0.04. There was a significant diet type x antibiotic dose interaction on SMR of females on both diets (P = 0.05 by the end of the seven-day experimental period. In CADF-fed females, SMR decreased linearly with decreasing bacterial load. However, SMR of DF-fed females on the low dose was significantly higher than those in the control and high dose groups. This is interpreted as a diet-dependent response by low dose DF-fed females to the loss of nutritional services provided by gut bacteria. Severe reductions in bacterial load at high doses reduced SMR of females on both diet types. This study provides insights into the potential role of gut bacteria as modulators of host energy expenditure under varying dietary conditions.

Desenvolvimento de um kit de irrigação por microtubos com moto-bomba propulsionada por energia solar

OpenAIRE

Luiz Ricardo Sobenko

2016-01-01

O bombeamento de água por meio da energia solar vem se mostrando uma alternativa para localidades onde outras fontes de energia não estão disponíveis ou são limitadas. Torna-se interessante aliar essa alternativa a um sistema de irrigação que opera com vazão e pressão relativamente baixas, como a irrigação localizada por microtubos, possibilitando assim a obtenção de alta eficiência. No presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo dimensionar e avaliar um kit de irrigação por microtubos, alimentado...

Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

OpenAIRE

Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme; Lucy Kuhn-Barrientos; Roberto Rosso Astorga; Jorge Jiménez de la Jara

2015-01-01

Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE), para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR) y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (ID...

Polución por material particulado fino (PM 2,5) incrementa las hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardiaca

OpenAIRE

Castro, Pablo; Vera, Jeanette; Cifuentes, Luis; Wellenius, Gregory; Verdejo, Hugo; Sepúlveda, Luis; Vukasovic, José Luis; Llevaneras, Silvana

2010-01-01

Antecedentes: Estudios recientes han reportado una asociación entre la contaminación ambiental por material particulado (PM) y el riesgo de hospitalizaciones de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). La región metropolitana de nuestro país constituye un área geográfica en la cual la contaminación es especialmente relevante, asociándose a incrementos periódicos en la morbimortalidad por causa respiratoria. Sin embargo el efecto de la polución por PM en la morbilidad de pacientes con IC no ...

Pensamento, Teoria e Estudos Latino-americanos

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Jacques de Novion

2014-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho configura como artigo inicial do Dossiê Especial – Pensamento, Teoria e Estudos Latino-americanos, organizado conjuntamente por nós, a pedido da Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas (CEPPAC, do Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS, da Universidade de Brasília (UnB. De forma breve, este artigo apresenta a importância alcançada pelo Pensamento, pela Teoria, e, sobre tudo, pelos Estudos Latino-americanos nas últimas décadas. Em seguida, o artigo apresenta os quatorze trabalhos e uma resenha que compõem este Dossiê, resultado da contribuição de diferentes pesquisadores de distintas localidades da região, organizados em três blocos: Ciências Sociais Latino-americanas, Pensamento e Estudos. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Ciências Sociais Latino-americanas; Pensamento Latino-americanos; Teoria Latino-americana; Estudos Latino-americanos. --- RESUMEN El presente trabajo configura como articulo inicial del Dossier Especial – Pensamiento Teoría y Estudios Latinoamericanos, organizado conjuntamente por nosotros, a pedido de la Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas (CEPPAC, del Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS, de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB. De forma breve, este articulo presenta la importancia alcanzada por el Pensamiento, por la Teoría, y, sobre todo, por los Estudios Latinoamericanos en las últimas décadas. En seguida, el articulo presenta los catorce trabajos e una reseña que componen este Dossier, resultado de la contribución de diferentes investigadores de distintas localidades de la región, organizados en tres bloques: Ciencias Sociales Latinoamericanas, Pensamiento y Estudios. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ciencias Sociales Latinoamericanas; Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Teoría Latinoamericana; Estudios Latinoamericanos. --- ABSTRACT This paper is set up as the initial article of this Special Dossier - Thought, Theory and Latin American Studies, which we organized collectively, at the request

Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato

OpenAIRE

Esteban, Miguel A.; Pérez, Miriam R.; Bracco, Anahí

2006-01-01

El Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato, "un trastorno ficticio, por el cual la enfermedad del niño es inducida, promovida o provocada por la persona más próxima a él, generalmente su madre", es todavía mal conocido y su génesis imperfectamente comprendida. Esta comunicación está destinada a esclarecer al pediatra esta patología, con elevada morbilidad y secuelas, como así también de altísima mo...

DESGASTE POR ABRASIÓN DEL ACERO API 5L X65 REVESTIDO CON NIOBIO POR ASPERSIÓN TÉRMICA A PLASMA Y CON INCONEL 625 POR SOLDADURA

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JOSE MATOS

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y caracterizar el comportamiento mecánico en desgaste del acero API 5L X65, revestido con niobio en comparación al desempeño del revestimiento de la aleación de inconel 625 empleados en la industria de petróleo y gas. El revestimiento de niobio fue obtenido por el proceso de aspersión térmica a plasma de arco no transferido y el revestimiento inconel 625 por soldadura con electrodo revestido. La resistencia al desgaste por abrasión fue evaluada según la norma Petrobras N-2568, en un tribómetro CTER, la rugosidad y el volumen de material desgastado se determinó a través de perfilometría y la dureza de los revestimientos por microscopia Vickers. Los revestimientos obtenidos fueron caracterizados respecto a su morfología por microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB y microscopía óptica (MO. La mayor dureza del revestimiento con niobio obtenido puede haber contribuido a reducir la tasa de desgaste en comparación con el revestimiento de inconel 625.

FUTURO DE LAS FUSIONES EN LA INDUSTRIA FARMACÉUTICA MUNDIAL

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Oswaldo Raphale Carvajal Villanueva

2005-07-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años el mercado farmacéutico mundial se ha visto afectado por un continuo de fusiones y adquisiciones de empresas dentro del sector. Se han aprovechado sinergias de diferentes tipos, que han permitido a las empresas sobrevivir, en un sector altamente competitivo dividido hoy en día en dos grandes bloques de empresas americanas y empresas europeas, pero con la aparición de nuevos competidores en el área asiática. En este trabajo se plantea que el futuro de la industria farmacéutica mundial, estará en la concentración del mercado por tres grandes bloques: el americano, el europeo y el asiático, cada uno de ellos dominados por pequeños grupos de empresas.

Como Uma Deusa: considerações acerca da representação da mulher negra nas HQs de superaventura

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Lucas do Carmo Dalbeto

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho visa analisar a representação da mulher negra americana nas Histórias em Quadrinhos por meio de uma abordagem que resgata o contexto histórico e sociocultural de produção e divulgação destas narrativas. Toma-se por objeto de estudo a personagem Tempestade, do título X-Men. Por meio de sua trajetória, são traçados alguns paralelos que corroboram e questionam o papel social naturalizado a estas mulheres. Os resultados obtidos levam a crer que, através da análise de bens culturais voltados ao entretenimento, é possível traçar considerações acerca das relações entre gênero e etnia na sociedade ocidental contemporânea.

Flebotomíneos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Phlebotomine fauna in areas of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis and American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Marcos Barbosa de Souza

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Flebótomos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O município de Angra dos Reis apresenta casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana desde 1945. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados em 1978 revelaram a presença de Nyssomyia intermedia e a primeira notificação de Lutzomyia longipalpis no Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Em agosto de 2002 foi notificado o primeiro caso canino de leishmaniose visceral na Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados nos peridomicílios, no período de novembro de 2002 a maio de 2003, em quatro localidades de Angra dos Reis, resultaram em 12.554 flebotomíneos e a presença de nove espécies: Brumptomyia sp.; Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai, Evandromyia tupinambay, Psathyromyia pelloni. foi Nyssomyia intermedia, predominante em todas as localidades, seguida por M.migonei. O principal vetor da LVA, Lutzomyia longipalpis, não foi detectado nas localidades, incluindo áreas do entorno, onde um cão infectado residia.The city of Angra dos Reis presents human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis since 1945. Phlebotomine surveys in 1978 had disclosed the presence of Nyssomyia intermedia and the first notification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. In August of 2002 the first canine case of visceral leishmaniasis in the Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis was notified. Surveys of phlebotomines in the peridomiciliary areas, in the period of November, 2002, through May, 2003, in four localities of Angra dos Reis, resulted in 12,554 specimens belonging to nine species: Brumptomyia sp. Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai

Terpenoid variations within and among half-sibling avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae.

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Jerome Niogret

Full Text Available Chemical analyses were conducted to determine the qualitative and quantitative differences in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in plant material from avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae. The initial study analyzed plant material sampled from the trunk to the leaves through different branch diameters to quantify proximo-distal spatial differences within a tree. All trees were seedlings initiated from a single maternal tree. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted on 34 chemicals that comprised at least 3% of the total chemical content of at least one tree and/or location within a tree. There were significant interactions between genotype and location sampled for most chemicals. Parentage analysis using microsatellite molecular markers (SSR's determined that the four trees had three fathers and that they represented two full-siblings and two half-sibling trees. Descriptive discriminant analysis found that both genotype and location within a tree could be separated based on chemical content, and that the chemical content from full-siblings tended to be more similar than chemical content from half-siblings. To further explore the relationship between genetic background and chemical content, samples were analyzed from leaf material from 20 trees that included two sets of full-sibling seedling trees, the maternal tree and the surviving paternal tree. Descriptive discriminant analysis found good separation between the two full-sibling groups, and that the separation was associated with chemistry of the parental trees. Six groups of chemicals were identified that explained the variation among the trees. We discuss the results in relation to the discrimination process used by wood-boring insects for site-selection on host trees, for tree selection among potential host trees, and the potential use of terpenoid chemical content in chemotaxonomy of avocado trees.

Experimental study of convective coefficient of mass transfer of avocado (Persia americana Mill.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Suerda Bezerra; Luiz, Marcia Ramos; Amorim, Joselma Araujo de; Gusmao, Rennam Pereira de; Gurgel, Jose Mauricio [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (LES/UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Lab. de Energia Solar

2010-07-01

Most of all energy consumed worldwide comes from fossil fuels derived from petroleum. With the petroleum crisis in the 70 were sought new energy sources, among them renewable. One such source is biodiesel energy, organic matter originated from animal and/or vegetable. Among the various plant species is the avocado (Persia americana Mill.) showing great potential in the production of petroleum extracted from the pulp and the alcohol removed from the seed. The main obstacle for obtaining the petroleum is the high humidity found in the pulp, being necessary to the drying process, which involves the transfer of heat and mass. The aim of this study was to use the mathematical model represented by Newton's Law of Cooling to simulate the mass transfer on the surface of the avocado pulp during the drying process. The equation of the mathematical model was solved numerically and the method of least squares was identified convective coefficient of Mass Transfer. The dryer used in the experimental process was operated with air flow in the vertical, air flow average fixed 3m/s and temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 deg C. The scheme of the dryer used in the research is composed of the following equipment: centrifugal fan, which drives the air-drying; valve, which allows control of airflow; electrical resistance, used for heating air; the drying chamber, where enables measurement of temperature and relative humidity; support for smaller trays; trays smaller, where the samples of the pulp of the avocado are placed; exit of the air of drying for the environment. The result presented shows the ratio of moisture content as a function of temperature over time, where it is possible to also observe that how much bigger the temperature of drying, greater will be the convective coefficient of mass transfer of the avocado. (author)

Terpenoid variations within and among half-sibling avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Niogret, Jerome; Epsky, Nancy D; Schnell, Raymond J; Boza, Edward J; Kendra, Paul E; Heath, Robert R

2013-01-01

Chemical analyses were conducted to determine the qualitative and quantitative differences in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in plant material from avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae). The initial study analyzed plant material sampled from the trunk to the leaves through different branch diameters to quantify proximo-distal spatial differences within a tree. All trees were seedlings initiated from a single maternal tree. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted on 34 chemicals that comprised at least 3% of the total chemical content of at least one tree and/or location within a tree. There were significant interactions between genotype and location sampled for most chemicals. Parentage analysis using microsatellite molecular markers (SSR's) determined that the four trees had three fathers and that they represented two full-siblings and two half-sibling trees. Descriptive discriminant analysis found that both genotype and location within a tree could be separated based on chemical content, and that the chemical content from full-siblings tended to be more similar than chemical content from half-siblings. To further explore the relationship between genetic background and chemical content, samples were analyzed from leaf material from 20 trees that included two sets of full-sibling seedling trees, the maternal tree and the surviving paternal tree. Descriptive discriminant analysis found good separation between the two full-sibling groups, and that the separation was associated with chemistry of the parental trees. Six groups of chemicals were identified that explained the variation among the trees. We discuss the results in relation to the discrimination process used by wood-boring insects for site-selection on host trees, for tree selection among potential host trees, and the potential use of terpenoid chemical content in chemotaxonomy of avocado trees.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL SOFRIDA POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS POR UM PROGRAMA DE APOIO

OpenAIRE

KELLY LINHARES VASCONCELOS; ADRIANA GOMES NOGUEIRA FERREIRA; ELIANY NAZARÉ OLIVEIRA; DANIELLE D\\u2019ÁVILA SIQUEIRA; PATRÍCIA NEYVA DA COSTA PINHEIRO

2010-01-01

En Brasil, las estadísticas de la violencia sexual contra niños están lejos de reflejar la verdadera realidad actual debido a la baja notificación de los casos. La finalidad de este estudio fue caracterizar el abuso sexual sufrido por niños asistidos por el Programa Sentinela y el perfil del agresor, en Sobral-Ceará, en el periodo que va del 2002 al 2006. La muestra no probabilística intencional fue compuesta por 50 víctimas de abuso sexual y de las mismas, el 66% es del sexo femenino, con pr...

Development of a Polyphenol Oxidase Biosensor from Jenipapo Fruit Extract (Genipa americana L. and Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Textile Industrial Effluents

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Rafael Souza Antunes

2018-05-01

Full Text Available In this work, an innovative polyphenol oxidase biosensor was developed from Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. fruit and used to assess phenolic compounds in industrial effluent samples obtained from a textile industry located in Jaraguá-GO, Brasil. The biosensor was prepared and optimized according to: the proportion of crude vegetal extract, pH and overall voltammetric parameters for differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curve presented a linear interval from 10 to 310 µM (r2 = 0.9982 and a limit of detection of 7 µM. Biosensor stability was evaluated throughout 15 days, and it exhibited 88.22% of the initial response. The amount of catechol standard recovered post analysis varied between 87.50% and 96.00%. Moreover, the biosensor was able to detect phenolic compounds in a real sample, and the results were in accordance with standard spectrophotometric assays. Therefore, the innovatively-designed biosensor hereby proposed is a promising tool for phenolic compound detection and quantification when environmental contaminants are concerned.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande. Rio de Janeiro: V. Observações sobre a biologia dos transmissores em condiçoes naturais

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Nelson A. de Araújo Filho

1981-12-01

Full Text Available Durante um surto de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA na Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados 4.192 exemplares de flebotomíneos em ambiente domiciliar e silvestre, com isca animal e outros abrigos naturais, durante o período de janeiro de 1976 a abril de 1977. Entre o total de 11 espécies coletadas encontraram-se 2.493 exemplares de Lutzomyia intermedia, 1.594 de Lutzomyia migonei e 105 exemplares de outras espécies. A L. intermedia apresentou densidade mais elevada no domicílio humano, enquanto a L. migonei apresentou coletas mais rendosas com iscas animais e galinheiros. O sinantropismo e a elevada densidade no ambiente domiciliar incriminam as espécies L. intermedia e L. migonei como as prováveis vetoras da LTA na Ilha Grande.

Abdome agudo por obstrução por ileobiliar

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Márcia Cristina de Alencastro

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever a experiência na abordagem dos doentes com abdome agudo por obstrução por IB, desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento definitivo. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo incluindo todos os casos de IB tratados em um período de 23 anos. De acordo com a abordagem cirúrgica realizada, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (1 enterolitotomia com colecistectomia no segundo momento; e (2 enterolitotomia, colecistectomia e abordagem da fístula. RESULTADOS: Doze pacientes foram incluídos, sendo 11 mulheres (91,6%, com média de idade de 72,2 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam doenças associadas, principalmente hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75%. Dois pacientes não apresentavam sintomas significativos de obstrução intestinal. O diagnóstico de IB foi realizado em seis pacientes (50% antes da laparotomia. O grupo 1 foi constituído de oito pacientes e o grupo 2 de quatro, e a morbidade foi, respectivamente, 33,3% e 8,3%. A mortalidade foi 16,6% (um paciente de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O manejo do IB deve ser individualizado. O tratamento da obstrução mediante remoção do cálculo biliar por enterotomia proximal é a escolha inicial para o tratamento do IB. A colecistectomia e a correção da fístula bilioentérica podem ser realizadas juntamente com a remoção do cálculo, no entanto, em pacientes com comorbidades significativas, esses procedimentos devem ser realizados posteriormente.

Extração e estabilidade do corante azul de jenipapo (Genipa americana L.)

OpenAIRE

Renhe, Isis Rodrigues Toledo

2008-01-01

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação da potencialidade do fruto do jenipapo como fonte de corante azul natural, objetivando torná-lo tecnicamente viável, bem como identificar o solvente adequado para a extração dos pigmentos do jenipapo, avaliar o efeito do pH e da temperatura na produção do corante, e estudar a estabilidade dos pigmentos obtidos por diferentes solventes. Para a obtenção do corante o experimento foi conduzido para três níveis de solvente (água, solução aquosa de ...

Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana.

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Miranda R Bertram

Full Text Available While the population of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana has grown from 15 individuals in 1941 to an estimated 304 birds today, the population growth is not sufficient to support a down-listing of the species to threatened status. The degree to which disease may be limiting the population growth of whooping cranes is unknown. One disease of potential concern is caused by two crane-associated Eimeria species: Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi. Unlike most species of Eimeria, which are localized to the intestinal tract, these crane-associated species may multiply systemically and cause a potentially fatal disease. Using a non-invasive sampling approach, we assessed the prevalence and phenology of Eimeria oocysts in whooping crane fecal samples collected across two winter seasons (November 2012-April 2014 at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge along the Texas Gulf coast. We also compared the ability of microscopy and PCR to detect Eimeria in fecal samples. Across both years, 26.5% (n = 328 of fecal samples were positive for Eimeria based on microscopy. Although the sensitivity of PCR for detecting Eimeria infections seemed to be less than that of microscopy in the first year of the study (8.9% vs. 29.3%, respectively, an improved DNA extraction protocol resulted in increased sensitivity of PCR relative to microscopy in the second year of the study (27.6% and 20.8%, respectively. The proportion of positive samples did not vary significantly between years or among sampling sites. The proportion of Eimeria positive fecal samples varied with date of collection, but there was no consistent pattern of parasite shedding between the two years. We demonstrate that non-invasive fecal collections combined with PCR and DNA sequencing techniques provides a useful tool for monitoring Eimeria infection in cranes. Understanding the epidemiology of coccidiosis is important for management efforts to increase population growth of the endangered whooping

Uso das diretrizes para tratamento da úlcera por pressão por enfermeiros de um hospital geral

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Elaine Maria Leite Rangel

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou identificar a freqüência do uso das diretrizes para o tratamento da úlcera por pressão(UP por enfermeiros de um hospital geral no interior do estado de São Paulo. É transversal de caráterdescritivo com análise quantitativa de dados. Amostra de 25 enfermeiros. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uminstrumento, construído a partir das diretrizes para o tratamento da UP. As questões foram relacionadas aostipos de intervenções usadas pelos enfermeiros para o tratamento da UP em estágio I, II, com necrose e comtecido de granulação. Para UP em estágio I, 24 (96% enfermeiros sempre realizavam a mudança de decúbito.Nas úlceras em estágio II a utilização de óleos vegetais na ferida era realizada sempre por 10 (40%enfermeiros e o curativo de hidrocolóide nunca era utilizado por 12 (57,1% enfermeiros. Em UP com necrose alimpeza com povidine era realizada por 4 (17,4% enfermeiros às vezes. Para o desbridamento, 16 (64% àsvezes utilizavam papaína e 15 (71,4% às vezes utilizavam colagenase. Em úlceras com tecido de granulaçãosempre era utilizado o soro fisiológico por 25 (100% enfermeiros. Houve variação nas práticas para otratamento da UP e falta de adesão às diretrizes.

Mortalidad por causas externas en Medellín, 1999-2006

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Doris Cardona Arango

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Caracterizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por causas externas en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 1999-2006, según sexo, edad y causa básica de muerte fue el objetivo de este estudio descriptivo longitudinal, con fuente de información secundaria de 22 128 registros de defunción por causas externas. El análisis realizado es univariado y bivariado por sexo, grupos de edad y causa de muerte. Las causas externas registradas en el periodo fueron: 72.9 por ciento por homicidio; 15.3 por ciento, accidente de transporte; 7.3 por ciento, traumatismos; 4.2 por ciento, por suicidio, y por otras causas, 0.4 por ciento. La mayor tasa de mortalidad se presentó en el grupo de edad de 20 a 24 años (27.6 por cien mil habitantes, hecho que merece especial consideración por las implicaciones sociales, familiares y laborales que representa el fallecimiento de una persona en su etapa productiva.

Orchidaceae Americanae Orchidaceae Americanae

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Jones H. G.

1970-09-01

Full Text Available The following paper continues the series of nomenclatural notes and adjustments commenced under the title "Studies in Neotropical Orchidology" in Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 14: pp. 63-70 (1968. As in the previous contribution, the genera considered in the present study are Brassavola R. Br., Schomburgkia Lindl, and HoffmannseggellaH. G. Jones. The notes which comprise this series of studieshave been accumulated during the course of collecting materials for a taxonomic revision of the three genera concerned.The following paper continues the series of nomenclatural notes and adjustments commenced under the title "Studies in Neotropical Orchidology" in Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 14: pp. 63-70 (1968. As in the previous contribution, the genera considered in the present study are Brassavola R. Br., Schomburgkia Lindl, and HoffmannseggellaH. G. Jones. The notes which comprise this series of studieshave been accumulated during the course of collecting materials for a taxonomic revision of the three genera concerned.

Avaliação do potencial de cinco cultivares de videiras americanas para sucos de uva no sul de Minas Gerais Potential evaluation of five american cultivars for grape juices in the south of Minas Gerais state

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Giuliano Elias Pereira

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho realizar uma caracterização dos sucos de uva de cinco cultivares de videira americana Vitis labrusca (Folha de Figo, Alwood, Concord, BRS-Rúbea e Isabel segundo suas características visuais, olfativas e gustativas, utilizando um método descritivo por um painel de degustadores da Embrapa Uva e Vinho (EMBRAPA/CNPUV de Bento Gonçalves e da Associação Brasileira de Enologia (ABE, constituído por doze degustadores. De acordo com os resultados, os sucos das cultivares Isabel e Folha de Figo foram superiores aos demais, segundo a análise de componentes principais (ACP, principalmente pelas variáveis limpidez, equilíbrio olfativo, intensidade e corpo gustativo, persistência olfato-gustativa e julgamento geral (notas. O suco Folha de Figo foi superior ao Isabel quanto à tonalidade, sendo o primeiro caracterizado como vermelho-violáceo. A cultivar Folha de Figo é a mais utilizada na região para a produção de suco, podendo os produtores utilizarem também a cultivar Isabel, que mostrou potencial nas condições edafo-climáticas do sul de Minas Gerais.The present work was designed to accomplish the characterization of the different grape juices of five grapevine cultivars of Vitis labrusca (Folha de Figo, Alwood, Concord, BRS-Rúbea e Isabel according to their visual, smell and taste characteristics utilizing a descriptive method by a panel of tasters of Embrapa Grape and Wine (EMBRAPA/CNPUV of Bento Gonçalves, and of the Brazilian Enology Association (ABE consisting of 12 tasters. According to the results, the juices of the cultivars Isabel and Folha de Figo were higher than the others, analyzed statistically according to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA, mainly by the visual cleanliness variables, olfatory equilibrium, gustative body and quality, olfato-gustative persistence and general judgement (scores and the juice of Folha de Figo was higher than Isabel according to visual shade, the former

THE USE OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM SEED OF Persea americana var. Hass ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLIC HYDROGELS

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Vicente Arturo Lara-Valencia

Full Text Available This paper reports the use of polysaccharides extracted from seed of Persea americana var. Hass in the synthesis of acrylic hydrogels. The effects of the chemical composition (acrylamide/acrylic acid, the concentration of crosslinking agent (glycerol diacrylate and the type of initiation (redox, photoinitiation of the hydrogels were evaluated with and without polysaccharides. Xerogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, while for the swollen hydrogels the swelling kinetic and mechanical properties were evaluated. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the second order equation proposed by Schott, where it is reported that by increasing the concentration of the crosslinking agent, the degree of swelling is reduced because of the greater structural level. The increase of the amount of acrylamide and the amount of polysaccharides causes also a decrease in the swelling degree. The type of initiation also affected the hydrogels swelling kinetic, the photoinitiated hydrogels were the ones that captured less water. Moreover, the increasing of the glass transition temperature and the compression modulus with the crosslinking agent concentration and molar ratio AAm/AAc are observed for hydrogels with and without polysaccharides. The results demonstrate a successful incorporation of polysaccharides into the polymeric network.

Effect of heat treatment oanas irradiation, and combined treatment on the shelf of fresh avocados (Persea americana L)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purwanto, Z.I.; Maha, Munsiah

1987-01-01

Effects of heat treatment, gamma irradiation, and combined treatments on the shelf-life of fresh avocados (Persea americana L.). Experiments to determine the effective irradiation conditions to prolong the shelf-life of fresh avocados were conducted at the centre for the Application of Isotopes washed and dried, then divided into 4 groups, namely for control (A), dipped in hot water at 40 0 C for 20 minutes (heat treatment, B), irradiated at a dose of 25 Gy (C), and combination of hot water dipping (40 0 C for 20 minutes) and irradiation at a 25 Gy (D). The samples were stored at room temperature. Evaluation on physical and chemical properties of the samples was done daily up to 10 days' storage. Parameters observed were texture, moisture and fat contents, percentage of weight loss, percentage of mature fruit, and subjective organoleptic evaluation. It was found that treated samples with and without combination treatment were still in good condition until 10 days of storage. It could be concluded that dipping in hot water, either alone or in combination with irradiation at a dose of 25 Gy could extend the shelf-life of fresh avocado up to 10 days at room temperature compared to only 5 days of the control. (author). 2 figs, 8 refs

Apendicitis por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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Ana Beatriz MUÑOZ URRIBARRI

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La paracoccidioidomicosis es la micosis más prevalente en Sudamérica. La forma aguda afecta el sistema fagocítico mononuclear de niños y personas inmunocomprometidas. El compromiso gastrointestinal es frecuente y su patogenia implica diseminación hematógena y linfática. La linfadenomegalia abdominal causa obstrucción intestinal y abdomen agudo. En este artículo damos a conocer el caso de un niño con compromiso gastrointestinal por apendicitis. Este es el primer caso reportado de apendicitis por esta patología. (Rev Med Hered 2006;17:58-60.

Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times: the quest for autonomy form Sarney to Lula

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Danielly Silva Ramos Becard

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Resenha do Livro "Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times: the quest for autonomy", de autoria de Tullo Vigevani e Gabriel Cepaluni. O tema central do livro é a busca brasileira por autonomia, desde a segunda metade dos anos 1980 até 2009. São apresentadas as grandes linhas da política externa brasileira dos pontos de vista teórico e empírico, a partir do estudo de literatura latino-americana sobre o tema.

Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates.

Science.gov (United States)

Akbari, Sanaz; Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali; Hashemi-Aghdam, Saedeh Sadat; Hajikhani, Sara; Oshaghi, Ghazaleh; Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan

2015-06-01

Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate. Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods. The analytical profile index (API) kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional plating method revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2). 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequence was identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species. A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively.

Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates

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Sanaz Akbari

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Background: Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate.Methods: Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods.Results: The analytical profile index (API kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y.intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional platingmethod revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2. 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequencewas identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species.Conclusion: A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Carpena, Javier-Germán; Morcuende, David; Andrade, María-Jesús; Kylli, Petri; Estévez, Mario

2011-05-25

The first aim of the present work (study 1) was to analyze ethyl acetate, 70% acetone, and 70% methanol extracts of the peel, pulp, and seed from two avocado (Persea americana Mill.) varieties, namely, 'Hass' and 'Fuerte', for their phenolic composition and their in vitro antioxidant activity using the CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Their antimicrobial potential was also studied. Peels and seeds had higher amounts of phenolics and a more intense in vitro antioxidant potential than the pulp. Peels and seeds were rich in catechins, procyanidins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, whereas the pulp was particularly rich in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and procyanidins. The total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of avocado phenolics was affected by the extracting solvent and avocado variety. The avocado materials also displayed moderate antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Taking a step forward (study 2), extracts (70% acetone) from avocado peels and seeds were tested as inhibitors of oxidative reactions in meat patties. Avocado extracts protected meat lipids and proteins against oxidation with the effect on lipids being dependent on the avocado variety.

Determination of changes in the metabolic profile of avocado fruits (Persea americana) by two CE-MS approaches (targeted and non-targeted).

Science.gov (United States)

Contreras-Gutiérrez, Paulina K; Hurtado-Fernández, Elena; Gómez-Romero, María; Ignacio Hormaza, José; Carrasco-Pancorbo, Alegría; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alberto

2013-10-01

A CZE method with two different MS detection conditions (MRM and Full Scan) was developed to determine qualitative and quantitative changes in the metabolic profile of avocado fruits (Persea americana). LODs in MRM approach were found between 20.1 and 203.0 ppb for abscisic acid and perseitol, respectively, whilst in Full Scan, varied within the range 0.22–1.90 ppm for the same metabolites. The RSDs for reproducibility test did not exceed 11.45%. The two MS approaches were used to quantify 10 metabolites (phenolic acids, flavonoids, a carbohydrate, an organic acid, a vitamin and a phytohormone) in 18 samples of avocado at different ripening states, and the achieved results were compared. Perseitol, quinic, chlorogenic, trans-cinnamic, pantothenic and abscisic acids, as well as epicatechin and catechin decreased during the ripening process, whereas ferulic and p-coumaric acids showed the opposite trend. Moreover, some other unknown compounds whose concentration changed largely during ripening were also studied by MS/MS and QTOF MS to get a tentative identification.

El lenguaje como campo de batalla. La expresión americana kuika según Gamaliel Churata

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Dorian Espezúa Salmón

2015-11-01

Full Text Available : La reciente edición crítica de El pez de oro (EPO, hecha por Helena Usandizaga y publicada por la prestigiosa editorial española Cátedra en el 2012, ha convertido a Gamaliel Churata (Arturo Peralta Miranda en un escritor canónico no sólo en la literatura peruana sino también en el ámbito de la literatura latinoamericana. En efecto, Churata ha pasado de ser un escritor de culto, prácticamente no leído y menos entendido, a ser un escritor difundido y estudiado a nivel internacional por investigadores de todos los continentes. La fama del escritor puneño nacido en Arequipa está precedida por la sorprendente actividad que desempeñó en Puno (pequeña ciudad altiplánica peruana a más de 3800 metros sobre el nivel del mar y a orillas del lago Titikaka el Grupo Orkopata (GO, que publicó entre agosto de 1926 y junio de 1930 el famoso Boletín Titikaka (BT. Es por todos sabido que el BT fue el medio de difusión de las más importantes manifestaciones de la vanguardia andina peruana y, tal vez, latinoamericana. Me propongo en este artículo comprender, analizar, caracterizar e interpretar la propuesta lingüística de Churata que aparece primordialmente en la primera parte de su ya consagrado libro EPO, publicado en 1957 pero escrito desde 1927, con el título de HOMILÍA DEL KHORI CHALLWA.

Insulin self-administration technique with disposable syringe among patients with diabetes mellitus followed by the family health strategy Técnica de auto aplicación de insulina con jeringas desechables entre usuarios con diabetes mellitus acompañados por la estrategia salud de la familia Técnica de autoaplicação de insulina com seringas descartáveis entre os usuários com diabetes mellitus, acompanhados pela estratégia saúde da família

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Thaís Santos Guerra Stacciarini

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the most common correct and incorrect self-administration techniques for insulin using disposable syringes by patients cared for by the Family Health Strategy (FHS, relate the findings to sociodemographic variables and also identify the professional responsible for teaching this technique. A total of 169 patients were selected by simple random sampling in 37 FHS units in a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from August to October 2006. The results identified errors in all the steps recommended by the American Diabetes Association and Brazilian Diabetes Association for the safe administration of insulin, from hand washing to compression on the injection site. The FHS favors the development of interventions focused on the needs of the clientele registered at the unit, stimulating self-care. Results from this study can contribute to the planning of these interventions.Se trata de un estudio seccional que tuvo como objetivó describir los errores y los aciertos más comunes de la técnica de auto aplicación de insulina, con jeringas desechables, por los usuarios, acompañados por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF, así como relacionar lo encontrado a las variables sociodemográficas e identificar al profesional responsable por las orientaciones. Participaron 169 usuarios, seleccionados por medio de un muestreo aleatorio simple, en 37 unidades de la ESF, de un municipio del Estado de Minas Gerais, entre agosto y octubre de 2006. Los resultados identificaron errores en todos los pasos recomendados por la Asociación Americana de Diabetes y la Sociedad Brasileña de Diabetes para la aplicación segura de la insulina, desde el lavado de las manos hasta la compresión del local de aplicación. La ESF favorece el desarrollo de intervenciones con foco en las necesidades de la clientela adscrita, estimulándola para el auto cuidado, y los resultados del presente estudio podrán contribuir para la

Tatuaje por amalgama. Reporte de un caso

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Luis Fang Mercado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El tatuaje por amalgama se origina por el depósito en el tejido conectivo subepitelial de fragmentos de amalgama resultado de procedimientos iatrogénicos por parte del operador. La profundidad a la que se encuentren albergados los residuos de este material influye en la presentación clínica de las lesiones. Radiográficamente se pueden identificar los fragmentos mientras tengan diámetros razonables; histológicamente se pueden observar las partículas de amalgama como gránulos oscuros, sólidos e irregulares dispuesto entre los haces de colágeno y vasos sanguíneos. Este artículo refiere el caso clínico de un paciente que presentó pigmentación por amalgama en mucosa vestibular, originada por una porción de amalgama usada como material obturador en una apicectomía del 11 realizada con anterioridad. Teniendo en cuenta las consideraciones clínicas y radiográficas se optó por realizar una segunda apicectomía con obturación retrógrada con MTA del 11. Durante el procedimiento quirúrgico se cureteó y adelgazó la cara interna del colgajo mucoperióstico para tratar de disminuir el grado de pigmentación.

Biochemical analysis of reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative responses in unripe avocado (Persea americana Mill var Hass) fruits in response to wounding.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro-Mercado, E; Martinez-Diaz, Y; Roman-Tehandon, N; Garcia-Pineda, E

2009-03-01

We analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of detoxifying enzymes and enzymes of the ascorbate (ASC) acid cycle in avocado fruit (Pesea Americana Mill cv Hass) in response to wounding. The levels of superoxide anion (O(2-), hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) increased at 15 min and 2 and 15 h post-wounding. Peroxidase (POD) activity had increased to high levels 24 h after wounding; in contrast, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels hat decreased significantly at 24 h post-treatment. Basic POD was the major POD form induced, and the levels of at least three apoplastic POD isozymes -increased following wounding. Using specific inhibitors, we characterized one MnSOD and two CuZnSOD isozymes. CuZnSOD activities decreased notably 12 h after treatment. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase increased dramatically following the wounding treatment, possibly as a means to compensate for the redox changes due to ROS production.

Um foco potencial de Tripanosomíase Americana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Distrito Federal

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F. Nery Guimarães

1943-12-01

Full Text Available São relatados estudos epidemiológicos feitos em um foco potencial de Tripanosomiase americana no bairro Santa Teresa na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Enquanto a pesquisa intensiva de Triatomideos em 40 "cafuas" existentes em áreas silvestres do local foi negativa, 11 exemplares (seis fêmeas e cinco machos de Panstrongylus mzgistus (Burmeister, 1835 foram capturados em um grande edifício do local, estando nove infectados pelo Trypanosoma (S. cruzi. Positivamente, tais insetos aí vieram ter atraídos pela grande iluminação dêsse edifício, seus focos de criação encontrando-se na mata. Não foi possível demonstrar de modo indiscutível tais criadouros em cuidadosas pesquisas feitas durante 10 meses. Todavia, em ninho de gambá (Didelphis marsupialis foi achado uma casca de ovo de Triatomídeo, o qual pode ser atribuído ao P. megistus. Também em ninhos dos mesmos marsupiais e também de ratos silvestres foi descoberto um novo Triatomídeo (Parabelminus carioca Lent, 1943 novo transmissor do Trypanosoma (S. cruzi, e que foi motivo de uma publicação anterior. De 42 exemplares de gambás (D. marsupialis submetidos ao exame direto do sangue e ao xenodiagnóstico, 15 (ou seja 35.7 % mostraram-se naturalmente infectados pelo T. (S. cruzi. Dêstes quinze, quatro foram negativos ao exame direto de sangue, mas positivos ao xenodiagnóstico. Outro marsupial (Metachirus nudicaudatus Geoffroy, antes ainda não referido como depositário silvestre do Trypanosoma (S. cruzi, foi verificado com infecção natural pelo xenodiagnóstico. A amostra "gambá” de T. (S. cruzi, mostrou-se patogênica para cao rhesus, gato e cobaio. Foi possível cultivá-la em meios de Nöller e NNN. A amostra "cuica" foi capaz de infectar cão e cobaio e também foi cultivada. A amostra "panstrongylus" também infectou cão e cobaio. Camondongos (Mus musculus, var albina inoculados com qualquer uma das amostras, não apresentaram infecção sanguínea apreciável ao exame

La pintura vista por un pintor joven

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Fuentes Pozo, Pedro

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Not available

El pintor se define a lo largo del tiempo como un artista en mutación influenciado por la sociedad de su momento y por su propio mundo interior Esto ha contribuido a la creación de distintos estilos pictóricos y a una evolución que conlleva la despreocupación por el aspecto formal en aras de una introspección al mundo interior En el cambio constante se refleja la búsqueda del artista que valida la intemporalidad del arte. Así, el verdadero artista sobrevive al aplauso o rechazo de la crítica, convirtiéndose en un verdadero hombre renancentista preocupado por el hallazgo del conocimiento universal.

Experiência inicial com terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas

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Dimas André Milcheski

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência inicial com a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas infectadas ou contaminadas. Métodos: a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação utilizada foi o V.A.C. Ulta com instilação Veraflo (Kinetic Concepts, Inc. O modo de operação foi contínuo com pressão sub-atmosférica ajustada em 125 mmHg por duas horas e instilação entre as pausas. O tempo de instilação foi de 20 minutos (tempo de contato do agente tópico com a ferida e a substância instilada foi solução salina padrão a 0,9%. Após obtenção de preparo adequado da ferida, ela foi coberta com enxerto ou retalho. Resultados: foram operados dez pacientes com feridas complexas contaminadas ou infectadas. O número médio de trocas da TPNi foi 1,4, o número médio total de cirurgias foi de 2,4, o intervalo até a cobertura da ferida foi de 6,3 dias e o intervalo até a alta foi de 11,4 dias. Conclusão: a comparação da terapia por pressão negativa por instilação com dois estudos prévios (controle histórico evidenciou um tempo de internação menor, favorecendo a TPNi. Este estudo teve um caráter inicial, fazendo-se necessário conduzir um trabalho randomizado e controlado para confirmar a eficácia desta terapia e verificar a sua custo-efetividade.

Neuropatia experimental por DDT: análise de nervo por microdissecção de fibras

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Edison Matos Nóvak

1984-09-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se o nervo gênito-femural do rato albino submetido a intoxicação crônica por DDT, administrado por 180 dias na dose de 5 mg/kg de peso via oral. Os resultados mostraram proporção anormal de fibras tipo C, sendo sugerido ocorrer degeneração tipo axonal determinada pelo DDT.

Ptose palpebral causada por Paquidermoperiostose

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Patricia Regina de Pinho Tavares

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A paquidermoperiostose é uma síndrome caracterizada por acometimento cutâneo e ósseo, e em alguns casos ocorre comprometimento palpebral leve. É uma síndrome rara, idiopática ou hereditária, com provável herança autossômica dominante de penetrância variável. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente com ptose grave por paquidermoperiostose elucidando sua fisiopatologia e conduta cirúrgica aplicada.

Usos do primitivismo. Pedra, barro e arquitetura moderna.

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Claudia Costa Cabral

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Apesar de problemáticas, as noções de “primitivo” e “primitivismo” foram categorias essenciais para a arte e a arquitetura moderna na América Latina, tanto para produtores (arquitetos e artistas, quanto para seus intérpretes (historiadores e críticos. Estiveram fortemente associadas tanto à contribuição latino-americana para uma modernidade universal quanto à apreciação historiográfica dessa contribuição. Este texto tem por objetivo cercar determinados “usos do primitivismo” na arquitetura sul-americana, que coincidem com a presença de materiais naturais, como a pedra e o barro, e de técnicas construtivas pré-industriais. Embora essa presença possa ser discutida apenas nos termos de uma relação com o “vernáculo”, adota-se propositalmente a noção de “primitivismo”, por exibir um impasse (de certa forma indiferente ao vernáculo de uma ligação intelectual, e não natural, com a tradição. O trabalho finaliza com algumas notas sobre a proposta de Lucio Costa para a casa operária de Monlevade no Brasil (1936 e as alternativas do grupo Austral para a casa rural argentina (1939.

EVALUACIÓN DE REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES EN VIVERO DE ESPECIES TROPICALES EMPLEADAS EN SILVICULTURA URBANA

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David Andrés Herrera Ramírez

Full Text Available La fertilización es determinante del crecimiento y desarrollo de árboles urbanos. Por ello, estudiamos, mediante la técnica del elemento faltante, los requerimientos nutricionales de cinco especies tropicales usadas en silvicultura urbana (Tabebuia chrysantha, Margaritaria nobilis, Hamelia patens, Apeiba aspera, Cupania americana. Se encontró algunas especies sensibles a la deficiencia de nitrógeno y otras a la deficiencia de azufre. El grupo de T. chrysanta, M. nobilis y H. patens mostró alta sensibilidad a la deficiencia de nitrógeno, mientras que C. americana y A. aspera presentaron sensibilidad a la deficiencia de azufre, representada en menor crecimiento promedio para todas las variables evaluadas: altura, diámetro en el cuello de la raíz, materia seca radical y materia seca aérea. Las representaciones HJ-Biplot, utilizadas para caracterizar la respuesta por especie a cada tratamiento en todas las unidades experimentales, evidenciaron los bajos rendimientos en crecimiento para las deficiencias en nitrógeno y azufre. El desbalance de bases calcio/magnesio y magnesio/potasio afectó el crecimiento en altura de todas las especies, evidenciado en los altos crecimientos obtenidos para los tratamientos deficientes en calcio y magnesio. Debido a esto, las fórmulas nutricionales utilizadas en vivero deben reajustarse a las exigencias individuales de las especies, para producir mejores árboles para la ciudad.

Suppression of cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression in hepatoma cells replicates the hepatic lipidosis observed in hepatic POR-null mice.

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Porter, Todd D; Banerjee, Subhashis; Stolarczyk, Elzbieta I; Zou, Ling

2011-06-01

Cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is a microsomal electron transport protein essential to cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism and sterol and bile acid synthesis. The conditional deletion of hepatic POR gene expression in mice results in a marked decrease in plasma cholesterol levels counterbalanced by the accumulation of triglycerides in lipid droplets in hepatocytes. To evaluate the role of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in this hepatic lipidosis, as well as the possible role of lipid transport from peripheral tissues, we developed a stable, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated cell culture model for the suppression of POR. POR mRNA and protein expression were decreased by greater than 50% in McArdle-RH7777 rat hepatoma cells 10 days after transfection with a POR-siRNA expression plasmid, and POR expression was nearly completely extinguished by day 20. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed a marked accumulation of lipid droplets in cells by day 15, accompanied by a nearly 2-fold increase in cellular triglyceride content, replicating the lipidosis seen in hepatic POR-null mouse liver. In contrast, suppression of CYP51A1 (lanosterol demethylase) did not result in lipid accumulation, indicating that loss of cholesterol synthesis is not the basis for this lipidosis. Indeed, addition of cholesterol to the medium appeared to augment the lipidosis in POR-suppressed cells, whereas removal of lipids from the medium reversed the lipidosis. Oxysterols did not accumulate in POR-suppressed cells, discounting a role for liver X receptor in stimulating triglyceride synthesis, but addition of chenodeoxycholate significantly repressed lipid accumulation, suggesting that the absence of bile acids and loss of farnesoid X receptor stimulation lead to excessive triglyceride synthesis.

Consanguinidad por isonimia en Salta

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Albeza, María V.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se estimó el coeficiente de parentesco por isonimia para localidades de la Puna, Valle Calchaquí y Valle de Lerma, a fin de evaluar diferentes factores evolutivos que podrían estar afectando la composición genética de la población. A partir de los apellidos de las parejas consignadas en fuentes primarias de información, se estimó la isonimia conyugal o marital, el coeficiente total Ft y sus componentes Fr (inbreeding azaroso y Fn (inbreeding no azaroso. De las localidades estudiadas, en la Puna se ha detectado sólo una pareja isónima en una de ellas, en el Valle Calchaquí, tres y ninguna en el Valle de Lerma. Tanto en el Valle Calchaquí como en el de Lerma, se han estimado valores negativos de Ft, y en la Puna se registran los valores más elevados. En las localidades estudiadas no se cumple el supuesto de transmisión patrilineal de apellidos por lo que los valores de Fr y por ende de Ft podrían estar subestimados. Es por ello que sería necesario contar con información desde otras vertientes metodológicas para corroborar, complementar y manejar cuidadosamente el análisis de los datos y las conclusiones que se obtienen.

Nefrectomía simple por puerto único (LESS) asistida por robot (da Vinci)

OpenAIRE

CASTILLO C,OCTAVIO A; VIDAL M,IVAR; SEPÚLVEDA T,FRANCISCO

2011-01-01

Introducción: La cirugía mínimamente invasiva en urología avanza rápidamente y la cirugía laparo-endoscópica a través de puerto único (LESS) no es la excepción. Esta técnica por vía laparoscópica presenta mucha dificultad y requiere de un cirujano laparoscópico experimentado debido a la falta de triangulación y el cruce de los instrumentos. Los beneficios del sistema quirúrgico da Vinci® han sido introducidos recientemente en LESS. Presentamos dos casos de nefrectomía LESS asistida por robot....

Emoções e guerras: da Micronésia às bases militares americanas

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Clara Saraiva

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Catherine Lutz tem um PhD em antropologia cultural da Universidade de Harvard, é professora do Departamento de Antropologia da Brown University, e investigadora do Watson Institute for International Studies da mesma universidade. Os seus temas de pesquisa debruçam-se sobre a antropologia das emoções, construção do género e da noção de raça, teoria crítica, mudanças na democracia e, mais recentemente, guerra, grupos militares e sociedade, nomeadamente através do estudo de bases militares americanas e do retorno de militares americanos dissidentes da guerra do Iraque. Lutz conduziu igualmente pesquisa para organizações activistas e todas estas temáticas se relacionam com a vontade de compreender as articulações socais e culturais das construções de poder e de desigualdade. Algumas das suas obras, influentes no campo da antropologia das emoções, da antropologia cognitiva e da história política são Unnatural Emotions: Everyday Sentiments on a Micronesian Atoll and their Challenge to Western Theory; Language and the Politics of Emotion(com Abu-Lughod; Reading National Geographic; Homefront: a Military City and the American 20th Century; Local Democracy under Siege: Activism, Public Interests, and Private Politics; The Bases of the Empire. The Struggle against US Military Posts, além de vários artigos como "Empire is in the details" e "Making war at home in the United States: militarization and the current crisis". Nesta entrevista Lutz fala sobre o que tem sido o seu trabalho e as suas preocupações académicas mas também sociais e interventivas.

Pistil starch reserves at anthesis correlate with final flower fate in avocado (Persea americana.

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María Librada Alcaraz

Full Text Available A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of starch content in the avocado flower on the subsequent fruit set are explored. Firstly, starch content in individual ovaries was analysed from two populations of flowers with a different fruit set capacity showing that the flowers from the population that resulted in a higher percentage of fruit set contained significantly more starch. Secondly, in a different set of flowers, the style of each flower was excised one day after pollination, once the pollen tubes had reached the base of the style, and individually fixed for starch content analysis under the microscope once the fate of its corresponding ovary (that remained in the tree was known. A high variability in starch content in the style was found among flowers, with some flowers having starch content up to 1,000 times higher than others, and the flowers that successfully developed into fruits presented significantly higher starch content in the style at anthesis than those that abscised. The relationship between starch content in the ovary and the capacity of set of the flower together with the correlation found between the starch content in the style and the fate of the ovary support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the flower at anthesis are related to subsequent abscission or retention of the developing fruit.

Pistil starch reserves at anthesis correlate with final flower fate in avocado (Persea americana).

Science.gov (United States)

Alcaraz, María Librada; Hormaza, José Ignacio; Rodrigo, Javier

2013-01-01

A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana) is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of starch content in the avocado flower on the subsequent fruit set are explored. Firstly, starch content in individual ovaries was analysed from two populations of flowers with a different fruit set capacity showing that the flowers from the population that resulted in a higher percentage of fruit set contained significantly more starch. Secondly, in a different set of flowers, the style of each flower was excised one day after pollination, once the pollen tubes had reached the base of the style, and individually fixed for starch content analysis under the microscope once the fate of its corresponding ovary (that remained in the tree) was known. A high variability in starch content in the style was found among flowers, with some flowers having starch content up to 1,000 times higher than others, and the flowers that successfully developed into fruits presented significantly higher starch content in the style at anthesis than those that abscised. The relationship between starch content in the ovary and the capacity of set of the flower together with the correlation found between the starch content in the style and the fate of the ovary support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the flower at anthesis are related to subsequent abscission or retention of the developing fruit.

Rootstock Effect on the Tolerance of cv. Hass Avocado Plants to Nacl Stress Efecto del Portainjerto en la Tolerancia de Plantas de Palto cv. Hass al Estrés por NaCl

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Mónica Castro V

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The avocado tree (Persea americana Mill. is one of the species most sensitive to salinity. Since the root system of this species is particularly affected by this type of stress, it is crucial to find a rootstock that is tolerant to saline water irrigation. Plant material from the cv. Hass was grafted on five rootstocks to find possible candidates: the clonal ‘Duke 7’, ‘Nabal’, ‘Degania 117’,’Mexicola’, and ‘Zutano’ seedlings. One year-old plants were placed in 55 L pots; river sand was used as substrate, and the plants were fertilized with a modified Hoagland solution. Vegetative growth and internal nutrient content were compared with control plants with 30 mg L-1 of Cl-, and plants treated with 200 mg L-1 Cl- for 130 days using NaCl in the nutrient solution (5.64 mM. No interaction between NaCl and the rootstocks for the vegetative growth variables was detected neither in K+ internal foliar or root content nor Ca+2 root. With regard to the carbon assimilation rate, the Nabal rootstock showed the highest rates under the NaCl treatment by retaining the highest chloride concentration in the roots and greatly limiting the concentration found in the leaves of the cv. Hass cultivar. It is therefore a promising rootstock for salt tolerance.El palto (Persea americana Mill. es una de las especies más sensibles a la salinidad, debido a que su sistema radical es particularmente afectado por este estrés, es importante identificar un portainjerto tolerante al riego con agua salina. Para encontrar posibles candidatos se utilizó material vegetal del cv. Hass injertado sobre cinco portainjertos, el clonal Duke 7 y los provenientes de semilla, Nabal, Degania 117, Mexícola y Zutano. Plantas de 1 año de edad fueron colocadas en macetas de 55 L, con arena de río como sustrato y fertilizadas con una solución Hoagland modificada. Durante 130 días se comparó el crecimiento vegetativo y los contenidos internos de nutrientes en plantas

Análisis de costos por ausentismo laboral atribuibles a licencias médicas por enfermedad. Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015

OpenAIRE

Jave Escalante, Gladys Lizeth

2015-01-01

Determina el costo generado por el ausentismo laboral atribuible a licencias médicas por enfermedad en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 118 médicos asistenciales y personal de enfermería. Para el análisis de los costos se utilizó el costo de tiempo perdido del paciente, ingresos dejados de percibir por el hospital y descuento económico al trabajador. Además se realizó un análisis económico y de sensibilidad. ...

Indice por Materias

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Montoya H Luz Marina

1982-09-01

Full Text Available Un índice es una lista de palabras o frases indicadores asociados que permite la ubicación de material al interior de un libro o una publicación, en este caso será por el nombre de la materia.

Drenagem urbana sustentável : análise do uso do retrofit

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Christofidis, Hugo do Vale

2013-01-01

A presente dissertação demonstrou que a drenagem urbana sustentável é uma componente importante na busca da sustentabilidade do ambiente urbano e que o Retrofit é uma ferramenta eficiente para alcançar esse objetivo. Para tanto foi apresentada uma metodologia de Retrofit de infraestrutura urbana que permite adaptar sistemas de drenagem urbana tradicionais em sistemas sustentáveis. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida por uma organização não-governamental (ONG) americana e foram propostas algumas...

Haemosporida prevalence and diversity are similar in endangered wild whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sympatric sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis).

Science.gov (United States)

Bertram, Miranda R; Hamer, Gabriel L; Hartup, Barry K; Snowden, Karen F; Medeiros, Matthew C; Hamer, Sarah A

2017-04-01

The population growth of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) is not consistent with species recovery goals, and the impact of parasite infection on whooping crane populations is largely unknown. Disease ecology and epidemiology research of endangered species is often hindered by limited ability to conduct invasive sampling on the target taxa. Accordingly, we hypothesized that sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) would be a useful surrogate species to investigate the health impacts of Haemosporida infection in whooping cranes. Our goal was to compare the prevalence and diversity of Haemosporida infection between whooping cranes and sandhill cranes. We detected an overall infection prevalence of 83·6% (n = 61) in whooping cranes and 59·6% (n = 47) and 63·6 (n = 22) in two sympatric sandhill crane populations captured in Texas. Prevalence was significantly lower in allopatric sandhill cranes captured in New Mexico (12·1%, n = 33). Haemoproteus antigonis was the most abundant haemoparasite in cranes, present in 57·4% of whooping cranes and 39·2% of sandhill cranes; Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon were present at significantly lower levels. The high prevalence of Haemosporida in whooping cranes and sympatric sandhill cranes, with shared parasite lineages between the two species, supports sandhill cranes as a surrogate species for understanding health threats to endangered whooping cranes.

Mortalidad intrahospitalaria por accidente cerebrovascular

OpenAIRE

Federico Rodríguez Lucci; Virginia Pujol Lereis; Sebastián Ameriso; Guillermo Povedano; María F. Díaz; Alejandro Hlavnicka; Néstor A. Wainsztein; Sebastián F. Ameriso

2013-01-01

La mortalidad global por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas, probablemente debido a un mejor control de los factores de riesgo vascular. La mortalidad hospitalaria por ACV ha sido tradicionalmente estimada entre 6 y 14% en la mayoría de las series comunicadas. Sin embargo, los datos de ensayos clínicos recientes sugieren que esta cifra sería sustancialmente menor. Se revisaron datos de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de ACV del Banco de Datos de Str...

Thermal stability of oils added with avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) leaf extracts during the French potatoes frying.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez, Paula; García, Paula; Bustamante, Andrés; Barriga, Andrés; Robert, Paz

2017-04-15

Effect of the addition of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) hydroalcoholic leaf extracts (AHE and OHE, respectively) on thermal stability of canola oil (CO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) during French potatoes frying at 180°C was studied. The extracts were characterized by the total phenolic content, phenol chromatographic profiles and antioxidant activity. B-type trimer procyanidins were the major phenolic compounds identified in AHE. OHE showed higher phenol content, antioxidant activity regarding AHE. CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE decreased the formation of polar compounds and showed an anti-polymeric effect with respect to oils without extracts, whereas AHE extract showed a prooxidant effect on HOSO. Therefore, OHE showed an antioxidant effect on HOSO and CO under the studied conditions. In addition, all systems (CO+AHE, HOSO+AHE, CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE) increased the retention of tocopherols. These results demonstrate the potential utility of OHE as natural antioxidant for oils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enterobactérias isoladas de baratas (Periplaneta americana capturadas em um hospital brasileiro

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Marinésia A. Prado

2002-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Isolar e identificar microrganismos em baratas capturadas em um hospital público e determinar o seu perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. Métodos. As baratas foram capturadas nos períodos matutino e noturno, colocadas em frascos desinfetados com álcool a 70%, transferidas para um frasco estéril e levadas ao laboratório. Consideraram-se as baratas íntegras e vivas, as quais foram colocadas em solução salina estéril (0,8% e homogeneizadas. Essa solução foi semeada nos meios de cultura ágar MacConkey, caldo nutriente, infusão de cérebro e coração (ágar BHI, ágar Sabouraud e ágar manitol. As culturas foram examinadas em um estereomicroscópio para a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias. Para a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana utilizou-se o teste de difusão de disco. Resultados. Detectou-se prevalência de 56% de enterobactérias e de 18% de estafilococos coagulase negativos. Identificaram-se 15 espécies de enterobactérias. As mais freqüentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%; Enterobacter aerogenes (14%; Serratia marcescens (13%; Hafnia alvei (12%; Enterobacter gergoviae e Enterobacter cloacae (9%; e Serratia spp. (6%. Tanto as enterobactérias quanto os estafilococos coagulase negativos apresentaram uma resistência significativa aos antimicrobianos, inclusive à oxacilina. Conclusões. A prevalência de bactérias enteropatogênicas e de estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de baratas Periplaneta americana no hospital estudado demonstra a fragilidade das condutas adotadas tanto para o controle de vetores quanto para o uso dos antimicrobianos. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementação de um programa efetivo de saneamento ambiental e do uso racional dos antimicrobianos dentro das instituições de saúde.

Enterobactérias isoladas de baratas (Periplaneta americana capturadas em um hospital brasileiro

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Prado Marinésia A.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Isolar e identificar microrganismos em baratas capturadas em um hospital público e determinar o seu perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. Métodos. As baratas foram capturadas nos períodos matutino e noturno, colocadas em frascos desinfetados com álcool a 70%, transferidas para um frasco estéril e levadas ao laboratório. Consideraram-se as baratas íntegras e vivas, as quais foram colocadas em solução salina estéril (0,8% e homogeneizadas. Essa solução foi semeada nos meios de cultura ágar MacConkey, caldo nutriente, infusão de cérebro e coração (ágar BHI, ágar Sabouraud e ágar manitol. As culturas foram examinadas em um estereomicroscópio para a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias. Para a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana utilizou-se o teste de difusão de disco. Resultados. Detectou-se prevalência de 56% de enterobactérias e de 18% de estafilococos coagulase negativos. Identificaram-se 15 espécies de enterobactérias. As mais freqüentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%; Enterobacter aerogenes (14%; Serratia marcescens (13%; Hafnia alvei (12%; Enterobacter gergoviae e Enterobacter cloacae (9%; e Serratia spp. (6%. Tanto as enterobactérias quanto os estafilococos coagulase negativos apresentaram uma resistência significativa aos antimicrobianos, inclusive à oxacilina. Conclusões. A prevalência de bactérias enteropatogênicas e de estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de baratas Periplaneta americana no hospital estudado demonstra a fragilidade das condutas adotadas tanto para o controle de vetores quanto para o uso dos antimicrobianos. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementação de um programa efetivo de saneamento ambiental e do uso racional dos antimicrobianos dentro das instituições de saúde.

Diagnóstico Parasitológico de la Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana

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César Cuba Cuba

2000-01-01

Full Text Available La demostración directa o indirecta de Leishmania en las muestras patológicas continúa siendo un importante desafío en el diagnóstico parasitológico de esta protozoosis. A pesar de los avances significativos surgidos en investigaciones de biología molecular, muchas de sus técnicas con potencial aplicación diagnóstica, continúan siendo solamente herramientas de los laboratorios de investigación científica. Pocas de ellas se encuentran en fase de valorización clínica y epidemiológica en áreas endémicas, y quizás, de manera optimista, muy pocas estarían a disposición de los laboratorios de diagnóstico de salud pública en la próxima década. Mientras tanto, seguiremos contando con el auxilio de los llamados métodos clásicos de la Parasitología básica que todavía, en las manos de individuos experimentados, diagnostican la gran mayoría de los casos. Este artículo identifica los métodos recomendados por los especialistas del tema, describe los procedimientos consagrados por su sensibilidad y reproductibilidad, concluyendo que éstos continuarán vigentes, siempre que sean correctamente ejecutados.

Germinação de sementes de jenipapo: temperatura, substrato e morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal Seed germination of Genipa americana l. - rubiaceae: temperature, substrate and post-seminal development

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ANTÔNIO CARLOS SILVA DE ANDRADE

2000-03-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivos definir o tipo de substrato e a temperatura mais adequados à germinação de sementes de jenipapo (Genipa americana L., conhecer a morfologia das sementes e seu desenvolvimento pós-seminal, caracterizando as plântulas normais, o tipo de germinação e os padrões de anormalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se um experimento colocando-se as sementes sobre os seguintes substratos: papel, vermiculita e solo, nas temperaturas constantes de 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, e 35°C e alternada de 20°C-30°C. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado (5 x 3, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Foram analisados os parâmetros germinação normal (% e velocidade de germinação. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos nas temperaturas constantes de 25°C, 30°C e 35°C, e nos substratos vermiculita e solo.This study aimed to define the best substrate and temperature for germination of genipap (Genipa americana L. - Rubiaceae seeds, and to describe the morphology of its seeds, post-seminal development, normal and abnormal seedlings. The experiment was designed according to a 5 x 3 factorial with constant temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and alternated 20°C-30°C in filter paper, vermiculite and soil substrates. The following parameters were analyzed: normal percentage germination and speed of germination. The 25°C, 30°C and 35°C temperatures and vermiculite and soil substrates were the best conditions for seed germination.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL SOFRIDA POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS POR UM PROGRAMA DE APOIO

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KELLY LINHARES VASCONCELOS

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En Brasil, las estadísticas de la violencia sexual contra niños están lejos de reflejar la verdadera realidad actual debido a la baja notificación de los casos. La finalidad de este estudio fue caracterizar el abuso sexual sufrido por niños asistidos por el Programa Sentinela y el perfil del agresor, en Sobral-Ceará, en el periodo que va del 2002 al 2006. La muestra no probabilística intencional fue compuesta por 50 víctimas de abuso sexual y de las mismas, el 66% es del sexo femenino, con predominio de rango de edad entre 8-12 años incompletos, (58%; en el 36% de los casos los padres están separados, siendo la madre la principal responsable por la familia (62%. La mayoría de los agresores es del sexo masculino (78%. En el ambiente fuera de la familia los agresores son conocidos o amigos de la familia (14%; dentro del seno familiar el padrastro es identificado como siendo el agresor más frecuente (18%. Los datos destacan características similares a las de otros estudios, definiendo una cierta igualdad en este tipo de violencia.

Atenção à saúde em uma comunidade tradicional de terreiro Atención a la salud en una comunidad tradicional de religión afro-americana Health care in a community of followers of traditional African-Brazilian religions

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Miriam Cristiane Alves

2009-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Compreender a concepção de saúde e a origem do sofrimento psíquico por adeptos de uma comunidade tradicional de terreiro. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo de caso qualitativo realizado em uma comunidade tradicional de terreiro na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS, entre 2007 e 2008. Foram participantes o sacerdote/Babalorixá e seis adeptos do terreiro. Para a coleta dos dados e construção do corpus de análise, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas, gravadas e transcritas. A categorização dos depoimentos, a partir do enfoque sistêmico complexo, possibilitou a construção de dois eixos temáticos: 1 terreiro e concepção de saúde e 2 origem do sofrimento psíquico e identidade cultural. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Na comunidade de terreiro, as terapêuticas tradicionais em saúde, como o uso de ervas, banhos, dietas e/ou ritos de iniciação foram associados a terapêuticas convencionais propostas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Consideram em sua concepção etiológica do sofrimento psíquico e em sua concepção de saúde os vínculos e a pertença a um território, as relações entre os sujeitos e a relação entre suas dimensões física, psíquica e espiritual. CONCLUSÕES: O modo de compreender e agir no mundo, vivido no terreiro, com seus mitos e ritos, crenças e valores, constitui um conjunto de saberes legítimos em seu contexto que, muitas vezes, se contrapõe e escapa aos saberes e verdades técnico-científicas dos profissionais. O terreiro é um espaço marcado pelo acolhimento, aconselhamento e tratamento de seus adeptos, integrando nessas práticas as dimensões física, psíquica e espiritual. Quanto à saúde da população negra, põem-se em evidência que o sofrimento psíquico é resultante do desenraizamento das culturas negro-africanas.OBJETIVO: Comprender la concepción de salud y el origen del sufrimiento psíquico por sectarios de una comunidad tradicional de religión afro-americana. PROCEDIMIENTOS

Fast and Powerful: Biomechanics and Bite Forces of the Mandibles in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana.

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Tom Weihmann

Full Text Available Knowing the functionality and capabilities of masticatory apparatuses is essential for the ecological classification of jawed organisms. Nevertheless insects, especially with their outstanding high species number providing an overwhelming morphological diversity, are notoriously underexplored with respect to maximum bite forces and their dependency on the mandible opening angles. Aiming for a general understanding of insect biting, we examined the generalist feeding cockroach Periplaneta americana, characterized by its primitive chewing mouth parts. We measured active isometric bite forces and passive forces caused by joint resistance over the entire mandibular range with a custom-built 2D force transducer. The opening angle of the mandibles was quantified by using a video system. With respect to the effective mechanical advantage of the mandibles and the cross-section areas, we calculated the forces exerted by the mandible closer muscles and the corresponding muscle stress values. Comparisons with the scarce data available revealed close similarities of the cockroaches' mandible closer stress values (58 N/cm2 to that of smaller specialist carnivorous ground beetles, but strikingly higher values than in larger stag beetles. In contrast to available datasets our results imply the activity of faster and slower muscle fibres, with the latter becoming active only when the animals chew on tough material which requires repetitive, hard biting. Under such circumstances the coactivity of fast and slow fibres provides a force boost which is not available during short-term activities, since long latencies prevent a specific effective employment of the slow fibres in this case.

Symbiotic essential amino acids provisioning in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) under various dietary conditions.

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Ayayee, Paul A; Larsen, Thomas; Sabree, Zakee

2016-01-01

Insect gut microbes have been shown to provide nutrients such as essential amino acids (EAAs) to their hosts. How this symbiotic nutrient provisioning tracks with the host's demand is not well understood. In this study, we investigated microbial essential amino acid (EAA) provisioning in omnivorous American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), fed low-quality (LQD) and comparatively higher-quality dog food (DF) diets using carbon stable isotope ratios of EAAs (δ (13)CEAA). We assessed non-dietary EAA input, quantified as isotopic offsets (Δ(13)C) between cockroach (δ (13)CCockroach EAA) and dietary (δ (13)CDietary EAA) EAAs, and subsequently determined biosynthetic origins of non-dietary EAAs in cockroaches using (13)C-fingerprinting with dietary and representative bacterial and fungal δ (13)CEAA. Investigation of biosynthetic origins of de novo non-dietary EAAs indicated bacterial origins of EAA in cockroach appendage samples, and a mixture of fungal and bacterial EAA origins in gut filtrate samples for both LQD and DF-fed groups. We attribute the bacteria-derived EAAs in cockroach appendages to provisioning by the fat body residing obligate endosymbiont, Blattabacterium and gut-residing bacteria. The mixed signatures of gut filtrate samples are attributed to the presence of unassimilated dietary, as well as gut microbial (bacterial and fungal) EAAs. This study highlights the potential impacts of dietary quality on symbiotic EAA provisioning and the need for further studies investigating the interplay between host EAA demands, host dietary quality and symbiotic EAA provisioning in response to dietary sufficiency or deficiency.

Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Effects of Tilia americana var. mexicana and Flavonoids Constituents in the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures

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Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí; González-Trujano, María Eva; Aguirre-Hernández, Eva; Ruíz-García, Matilde; Sampieri, Aristides; Coballase-Urrutia, Elvia; Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana

2014-01-01

Tilia genus is commonly used around the world for its central nervous system properties; it is prepared as tea and used as tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and analgesic. In this study, anticonvulsant activity of the Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences and leaves was investigated by evaluating organic and aqueous extracts (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg, i.p.) and some flavonoids in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Moreover, antioxidant effect of these extracts and flavonoids was examined in an in vitro study by using spectrophotometric technique. Significant activity was observed in the methanol extract from inflorescences. An HPLC analysis of the methanol extract from inflorescences and leaves of Tilia allowed demonstrating the respective presence of some partial responsible flavonoid constituents: quercetin (20.09 ± 1.20 μg/mg and 3.39 ± 0.10 μg/mg), rutin (3.52 ± 0.21 μg/mg and 8.94 ± 0.45 μg/mg), and isoquercitrin (1.74 ± 0.01 μg/mg and 1.24 ± 0.13 μg/mg). In addition, significant but different antioxidant properties were obtained among the flavonoids and the extracts investigated. Our results provide evidence of the anticonvulsant activity of Tilia reinforcing its utility for central nervous system diseases whose mechanism of action might involve partial antioxidant effects due to the presence of flavonoids. PMID:25197430

MORPHOANATOMICAL LEAF ANALYSIS IN HORTICULTURAL GROUPS OF AVOCADO (Persea americana PLACED AT INIA-CENIAP’S COLLECTION, VENEZUELA

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H. Ferrer Pereira

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The avocado (Persea americana Mill. is the most important species of Lauraceae in America due to its exploitation as food for pre-Columbian and modern cultures. It is a very important seasonal crop in Venezuela based on a perennial fruit tree management. From a selection of 76 accessions (45 cultivars of avocados cultivated at the Germplasm Bank of INIA-CENIAP, a morphoanatomical analysis was performed to identify attributes of taxonomic resolution (diagnostic characters which allow to characterize sets and / or culta. Morphological study was carried out from each accession herborized sample. Information was obtained by freehand transverse leaf sections (epidermis, mesophyll and midvein as well as paradermic preparations, and observed data was recorded in DELTA System. New morphoanatomical characters and discriminating attributes between cultivars were identified and described, especially to discriminate the Mexican group, and a close relationship within West Indian and Guatemalan cultivars was observed due to the variability identified from the latter group. Indument- related attributes were highly informative to discriminate among cultivars, along with the outline, apical angle and projections at the base of the leaf blades, stem cross section and presence of anise odor, progress and joining of the secondary nerve branches, tertiary venation pattern, abaxial contour and thickness of the sclerenchymatous sheath and compaction of the phloem in the vascular bundle, adaxial contour of the median nerve, and thickness, outline and uniformity of the anticlinal walls of adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells.

Ecological carryover effects associated with partial migration in white perch (Morone americana) within the Hudson River Estuary

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Gallagher, Brian K.; Piccoli, Philip M.; Secor, David H.

2018-01-01

Partial migration in complex life cycles allows environmental conditions experienced during one life-stage to interact with genetic thresholds and produce divergent spatial behaviors in the next stage. We evaluated partial migration over the entire life cycle of white perch, (Morone americana) within the Hudson River Estuary, combining otolith microchemistry, population demographics and environmental data analysis. Ecological carryover effects were used as a framework to test how environmental variation during the larval period influenced migration behaviors and growth characteristics in subsequent life-stages. Two annual cohorts of juveniles were classified based on whether they persisted in natal habitats (freshwater resident contingent) or dispersed into non-natal habitats (brackish water migratory contingent) as juveniles. The migratory contingent tended to hatch earlier and experience cooler temperatures as larvae, while the availability of zooplankton prey during the larval period appeared to influence growth dynamics before and after metamorphosis. Juvenile migration behaviors were reversible but usually persisted into adulthood. As juveniles, the consequences of partial migration on growth appeared to be modified by river flow, as demonstrated by the influence of a large storm event on feeding conditions in one of the study years. Migratory adults grew faster and attained larger maximum sizes, but may also experience higher rates of mortality. The interplay uncovered between life-stage transitions, conditional migration behaviors and habitat productivity throughout the life cycle shapes white perch population dynamics and will likely play an important role in responses to long-term environmental change.

Isolation and chemical identification of lipid derivatives from avocado (Persea americana) pulp with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities.

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Rodriguez-Sanchez, Dariana Graciela; Flores-García, Mirthala; Silva-Platas, Christian; Rizzo, Sheryl; Torre-Amione, Guillermo; De la Peña-Diaz, Aurora; Hernández-Brenes, Carmen; García-Rivas, Gerardo

2015-01-01

Platelets play a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis. However, in coronary arteries damaged by atherosclerosis, enhanced platelet aggregation, with subsequent thrombus formation, is a precipitating factor in acute ischemic events. Avocado pulp (Persea americana) is a good source of bioactive compounds, and its inclusion in the diet as a source of fatty acid has been related to reduced platelet aggregability. Nevertheless, constituents of avocado pulp with antiplatelet activity remain unknown. The present study aims to characterize the chemical nature of avocado constituents with inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was used as a fractionation and purification tool, guided by an in vitro adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid or collagen-platelet aggregation assay. Antiplatelet activity was initially linked to seven acetogenins that were further purified, and their dose-dependent effects in the presence of various agonists were contrasted. This process led to the identification of Persenone-C (3) as the most potent antiplatelet acetogenin (IC₅₀=3.4 mM) among the evaluated compounds. In vivo evaluations with Persenone A (4) demonstrated potential protective effects against arterial thrombosis (25 mg kg⁻¹ of body weight), as coagulation times increased (2-fold with respect to the vehicle) and thrombus formation was attenuated (71% versus vehicle). From these results, avocado may be referred to as a functional food containing acetogenin compounds that inhibit platelet aggregation with a potential preventive effect on thrombus formation, such as those that occur in ischaemic diseases.

Vivencias psicosociales reveladas por niños que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer

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BLANCA CECILIA VANEGAS DE AHOGADO

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el propósito de descubrir las vivencias psicosociales de niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años que recibían tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante encuentros lúdicos con el apoyo de algunas preguntas básicas que facilitaron las revelaciones narrativas. Tres aspectos se destacan en los hallazgos del estudio: vivencias desfavorables, vivencias relacionadas con la autoestima y vivencias favorables; las dos primeras, de diversa manera, afectan en estos niños su vida personal, familiar, escolar y, en general, todo su entorno. Es de resaltar que, como consecuencia de la caída del cabello, con frecuencia han sido objeto de burla y de rechazo por sus compañeros de estudio, lo que produce el más notorio efecto sobre su autoimagen; por otra parte, el ausentismo escolar conlleva dificultades académicas y sentimientos de tristeza en estos niños, situación que empeora cuando, por motivos de tratamiento, su lugar de residencia está alejado de la ciudad, viéndose sometidos a largos periodos de separación, no solo de su familia sino de sus pares. Se concluye que la mayor parte de las revelaciones son impactantes por su gran contenido de sufrimiento y dolor para estos niños, lo que demuestra la urgencia de retomar los hallazgos del estudio para orientar el cuidado de enfermería de manera más integral y apoyar para que se haga lo propio en el hogar y en las instituciones educativas.

El diagnóstico psicopedagógico en la deficiencia mental

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Pilar Andrés Sisamón

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Situándonos en el enfoque del diagnóstico psicopedagógico propuesto por la Asociación Americana de Retraso Mental (AARM y teniendo en cuenta las anteriores perspectivas, intentamos poner de relieve nuestro punto de vista sobre el mismo, destacando la importancia de un diagnóstico adecuado de la persona evaluada debido a las consecuencias determinantes que este diagnóstico lleva implícito. Aun siendo conscientes de que no es el profesor quien directamente realiza el diagnóstico (aunque sí participa en él, consideramos este tema de especial importancia para nuestra formación (futuros maestros de educación especial por su repercusión en el posterior tratamiento.

La colaboración hispano-latinoamericana en los orígenes y desarrollo del movimiento documental europeo contemporáneo (1900-1920 10.5007/1518-2924.2006v11nesp2p82

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Guillermo Olagüe de Ros

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A comienzos del siglo XX España y las repúblicas latinoamericanas participaron de forma activa en los primeros proyectos documentales contemporáneos. En este trabajo se estudian las iniciativas españolas, en colaboración con Latinoamérica, por crear instrumentos documentales en ciencias recurriendo a la lengua española como elemento de cohesión. Se analizan la Unión Médica Hispano-Americana (1900, que promovió la elaboración de un Diccionario Tecnológico Médico Hispano-Americano (1903, y la Unión Internacional de Bibliografía y Tecnología Científicas (1910, que fue auspiciada por la Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Madrid.

Pedro Teixeira y su viaje por Mesopotamia

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Fuente del Pilar, José Javier

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Pedro Teixeira es un integrante notable de la ilustre nómina de los viajeros portugueses que, a finales del s, XVI y principios del XVII, ensancharon para Occidente las fronteras del mundo. Su conocimiento en España se debe a la publicación en 1994 de su obra «Relaciones del Origen, Descendencia y Sucesión de los Reyes de Persia, y de Harmuz, y de un viaje hecho por el autor dende la India hasta Italia por tierra», en edición realizada por el profesor Eduardo Barajas Sala, lamentablemente fallecido en 1997. En este artículo se ofrece una reseña biográfica de Pedro Teixeira, y un análisis del viaje narrado por el autor en la última parte de sus «Relaciones »: el que desde Ormuz le conducirá, a través de Mesopotamia, hasta la costa del Mediterráneo.…

Violência e mortes por causas externas

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Graciete Oliveira Vieira

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Através de um estudo ecológico caracterizou-se a violência e as mortes por causas externas em Salvador e Bahia utilizando-se dados da Fundação Nacional de Saúde-Ministério da Saúde, dos registros de mortalidade e das estimativas populacionais do IBGE. O risco de morrer por homicídio no Brasil é 3 vezes o do Estados Unidos, chegando a ser 40 vezes superior ao do Japão. Homicídio foi a primeira causa de anos potenciais de vidas perdidos (13,4% no Brasil (1997, seguido por acidentes de trânsito (10,6%. Causas externas foi a segunda causa de morte em Salvador e Bahia (1996. A violência tem raízes sócio-culturais e político-ideológicas e pode ser prevenida por ações intersetoriais e multidisciplinares.

Associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher e infecção por HIV

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Claudia Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres e a infecção ou suspeita de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados de questionários aplicados face-a-face e de prontuários médicos de 2.780 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em unidades do sistema único de saúde da Grande São Paulo, SP, em 2001-2002. As mulheres foram categorizadas em: usuárias em tratamento por serem "soropositivas para o HIV", com "suspeita de HIV" e aquelas que procuraram os serviços por outros motivos. A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres na vida foi categorizada por gravidade e recorrência dos episódios de violência. A associação com o desfecho foi testada pelo modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e ajustada por variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 59,8%. Sofrer violência reiterada e grave apresentou maior associação de infecção confirmada pelo HIV (RP = 1,91. A violência independente da gravidade e da recorrência dos episódios apresentou maior associação para a suspeita de infecção por HIV (RP = 1,29. CONCLUSÕES: A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres tem papel relevante nas situações de suspeita e confirmação da infecção pelo HIV, sendo essencial incluir sua detecção, controle e prevenção como parte da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres.

Predominant porB1A and porB1B genotypes and correlation of gene mutations with drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Eastern China

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Tang Renxian

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Variations of porB1A and porB1B genes and their serotypes exist in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from different geographical areas, and some site mutations in the porB1B gene correlate with drug resistance. Methods The β-lactamase production of N. gonorrhoeae isolates was determined by paper acidometric test and nitrocefin discs. The porB1A and porB1B genes of 315 non-penicillinase-producting N. gonorrhoeae (non-PPNG strains were amplified by PCR for sequencing to determine serotypes and site mutations. A duplex PCR was designed to simultaneously detect both porB1A and porB1B genes. Penicillin and tetracycline resistance was assessed by an in vitro drug sensitivity test. Results Of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates, 31.1% tested positive for porB1A and 68.9% for porB1B genes. All the 98 porB1A+ isolates belonging to IA6 serotype with either no mutation at the 120 and 121 sites (88.8% or a D120G (11.2% mutation and were no resistance to both penicillin and tetracycline. Among the 217 porB1B+ isolates, 26.7%, 22.6% and 11.5% belonged to IB3, IB3/6 and IB4 serotypes, respectively. Particularly, two novel chimeric serotypes, IB3/6-IB2 and IB2-IB4-IB2, were found in 77 and 8 porB1B+ isolates. Two hundred and twelve (97.7% of the porB1B+ isolates were presented G120 and/or A121 mutations with 163 (76.9% at both sites. Interestingly, within the 77 porB1B+ isolates belonging to IB3/6-IB2 serotype, 15 were discovered to possess novel deletions at both A121 and N122 sites. All the replacement mutations at these sites in PorB1B were correlated with resistance and the deletion mutation showed the highest resistance. Conclusion N. gonorrhoeae isolates circulating in Eastern China include a sole PorB1A serotype (IA6 and five PorB1B serotypes. Multiple mutations in porB1B genes, including novel A121 and N122 deletions, are correlated with high levels of penicillin and tetracycline resistance.

La fidelidad cubana durante la edad de las revoluciones

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Kuethe, Allan J.

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Not available.

La historiografía cubana tradicional explica la fidelidad de la perla de las Antillas durante las revoluciones americanas por razón del miedo al intimidante ejército español acuartelado en la isla y por miedo a que cualquier división política diera aliento a una sublevación de la masiva población esclava. Este artículo plantea la tesis de que el asunto fue mucho más complicado que lo que estas explicaciones dan a entender. Por una parte, el ejército de la isla llegó a estar esencialmente controlado por cubanos y, por otra, un movimiento revolucionario nació entre los elementos ilustrados; pero falló por la oposición abrumadora que surgió dentro de la propia clase criolla. La fidelidad cubana no se explica actualmente tanto por los temores como por las relaciones positivas que se crearon entre la corona española y las elites cubanas durante el siglo XVIII, sobre todo durante el reinado de Carlos III, relaciones que resultaron sumamente ventajosas para los azucareros que dominaban la vida económica y política de la isla.

Conservación por calor

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Cobos García, Angel; Díaz Rubio, Olga

2011-01-01

Esta unidade didáctica denominada Conservación por calor forma parte da materia «Tecnoloxía do procesado de alimentos» que se impartirá no primeiro semestre do 2º curso do Grao en Nutrición Humana e Dietética. A materia estrutúrase en diferentes unidades didácticas, tratando cada unha delas as diferentes tecnoloxías de procesado dos alimentos, tanto de conservación coma de transformación. A presente unidade didáctica aborda a conservación dos alimentos por calor. Este método permite destruír ...

Las cosas por su nombre

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Storani, Emilia

2017-01-01

El artículo propone indagar sobre los modos y diferentes formatos que se utilizan tanto en la escritura como en la lectura, para articular con las luchas por la identidad de género. La Ley de Identidad de Género ha sido un puntapié clave para pensarnos a nosotros mismos culturalmente y para pensar a los demás. Pero, ¿cómo mencionamos, escribimos y leemos las diferentes identidades? La escritura, también es un mundo transformador para quienes bregan por una sociedad más libre y sin prejuicios....

Diverticulitis yeyunal perforada por enterolito.

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Marenco De la Cuadra, Beatriz; Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos; Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal; Valdés Hernández, Javier; Reyes-lopera, N.J. De los

2012-01-01

La diverticulosis yeyunal es una enfermedad adquirida rara. Casi el 60-70% keeps asymptomátic or Con síntomas crónicos inespecíficos, aunque puede presentarse como un abdomen agudo. La perforación debida a enterolitos es una causa extremadamente rara do complicación, y puede producirse por la impactación de ésta contra la pared intestinal. Presentamos caso de un varón de 82 años que acude a urgencias por un dolor súbito abdominal, difuso, con irritación peritoneal, leucocitosis con neutro...

Ciencia y saberes locales en la posguerra: la Asociación Internacional Americana para el Desarrollo Económico y Social (AIA y los programas de modernización de la agricultura en Brasil (1945-1961

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Marcio da Silva, Claiton

2015-06-01

Full Text Available It aims to discuss the work of American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA in Brazil. AIA’s work was characterized for a intense process of negotiation with local governments between 1946 and 1961. Contemporary to the rise of the ideology of modernization, AIA introduced some projects which were considered suitable for Latin America, as Brazil and Venezuela in special. Following the American experiences in supervised credit and extension work, this agency tried to adapt this models to local conditions, interpreting that successful projects earlier developed in United States could be also successful in Latin America. On the other hand, these set of experiences in Brazilian states like Minas Gerais had strong difficulties to be developed.Este artículo discute la actuación de la Asociación Internacional Americana para el Desarrollo Social y Económico (AIA en Brasil. La acción de la AIA se caracterizó por un intenso proceso de negociación entre 1946 y 1961. Contemporánea de la emergente ideología de la modernización, la AIA estudió los posibles proyectos adecuados para la América Latina, en especial Brasil y Venezuela. Inspirada en las experiencias norteamericanas del crédito rural, el extensionismo, entre otras estrategias de desarrollo, la agencia procuró adaptar estos modelos a las condiciones locales, partiendo de la base de que, desde el punto de vista de la AIA, los proyectos exitosos en Estados Unidos, si fueran adaptados, tendrían también éxito en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, las experiencias en la provincia brasileña de Minas Gerais demostraron grandes dificultades de ejecución.

Por y para en los manuales de ELE

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Sidoti, Rossana

2008-12-01

Full Text Available La oposición por / para es una de las cuestiones gramaticales que comportan mayor dificultad a la hora de acercarse al estudio del español como L2 sobre todo cuando remiten a conceptos lingüísticos difíciles de entender por no tener ésta referente alguno en el mundo extralingüístico. Si, por un lado, nos resulta fácil entender lo que tiene un referente en el mundo concreto; por otro, no podemos advertir el referente extralingüístico de preposiciones como por / para, si este no existe. Si las preposiciones son elementos abstractos, difíciles de aferrar de por sí, podemos sólo examinar los elementos que éstas ponen en relación y en qué contextos esta relación se determina. Para poder utilizar con precisión las dos preposiciones, es importante no reducirlas a una sola preposición como ocurre en otros idiomas, y sobre todo no relacionarlas sólo a los conceptos de causa y finalidad. Este trabajo se propone individualizar los manuales de español como lengua extranjera más utilizados en las universidades italianas para luego comparar las distintas fuentes de información sobre por / para y exponer comentarios, reflexiones y sugerencias sobre el tema con el fin de precisar en qué medida se puede mejorar lo que los manuales reducen o generalizan, puesto que para los estudiantes de ELE estos representan una herramienta valiosa a la que acudir.

Evaluation of antibody responses in american visceral leishmaniasis by ELISA and immunoblot Avaliação da resposta imune humoral na leishmaniose visceral americana pelos métodos ELISA e "immunoblot"

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Thomas G. Evans

1989-06-01

indivíduos controles. Apenas um dos 72 controles, que tinha um irmäo com leishmaniose visceral, apresentou positividade para o teste. "Immunoblots" de soros de pacientes apresentaram bandas múltiplas, sendo as mais freqüentes de aproximadamente 116 kDa, 70 kDa. Com menor freqüência foram observadas bandas de 93 kDa, 74 kDa, 62 kDa, 46 kDa e 32 kDa. As respostas, através de ELISA e dos padröes de separaçäo por "immunoblot", foram distintas na leishmaniose visceral e podem ser usadas para diferenciar pacientes com leishmaniose visceral daqueles com doenças de Chagas ou leishmaniose cutânea. As amostras sorológicas de pacientes acompanhados durante seis semanas após o tratamento näo apresentaram nenhuma banda nova. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-sulfato de dodecil de sódio (SDS-PAGE das proteínas iodinadas da superfície do parasita mostrou uma banda principal e quatro menores, enquanto a eletroforese de proteínas biotiniladas do parasita mostrou um padräo semelhante aquele apresentado pelos soros dos pacientes. A leishmaniose visceral parece produzir um padräo de "immunoblot" característico que pode ser usado, juntamente com um método sensível tipo ELISA, no diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral americana.

Análise da associação entre saneamento e saúde nos países da América Latina e do Caribe, empregando dados secundários do banco de dados da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde - OPAS An analysis of the relationship between health and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean, using secondary data from PAHO - The Pan American Health Association

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Júlio César Teixeira

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre condições de saneamento - cobertura populacional por sistemas de abastecimento de água e por sistemas de esgotamento sanitário - e indicadores epidemiológicos - taxa de mortalidade infantil, mortalidade em menores de cinco anos de idade e mortalidade por enfermidades diarréicas agudas em menores de cinco anos de idade - nos países da América Latina e do Caribe, utilizando dados secundários da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde - OPAS. O universo da pesquisa foi composto por 44 países integrantes da América Latina e do Caribe, com população total estimada de 561,3 milhões de habitantes, para o ano de 2005. O método epidemiológico empregado foi um delineamento ecológico. Pode-se afirmar que a universalização dos serviços de saneamento, a implantação de infra-estrutura urbana, o combate à desnutrição infantil e a ampliação da prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até 120 dias de idade são medidas que contribuirão para a melhoria da saúde infantil na região.This study aimed to assess the relationship between sanitation conditions - population covered by water supply and sewerage services - and epidemiological indicators - infant mortality, mortality in children below 5, and mortality from acute diarrhoeal diseases in children below 5 - in Latin American and Caribbean countries, using secondary data from PAHO - the Pan American Health Organization. The research included 44 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, with an estimated population of 561.3 million inhabitants in year 2005. The epidemiological method used was ecological delineation. It is possible to state that the universalization of sanitation services, implementation of urban infrastructure, fight against infant malnutrition, and increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 120 days of life are actions that will contribute towards the improvement of infant

Aprovechamiento de la semilla de aguacate variedad Lorena como un colorante natural y del aceite de mesocarpios residuales de la variedad Hass como componentes funcionales en un jabón líquido

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Hennessey Ramos, Licelander

2017-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas. CIMAD, 2017 El presente trabajó exploró dos alternativas para el aprovechamiento de residuos generados por semilla de Persea Americana Mill Variedad Lorena, la primera, mediante la obtención de extractos acuosos tipo colorante de Agua, Solución acuosa de NaOH al 0.5% y mezcla de 50% Agua y 50% Alcohol etílico manteniendo constante la relació...

Conocimientos actuales y perspectivas de investigación de elementos traza en la nutrición infantil: parte I. Situación actual de la alimentación infantil

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Navarro-Blasco, I. (Íñigo); Sola-Larrañaga, C. (Cristina); Alvarez, J.I. (José Ignacio); Villa-Elizaga, I. (Ignacio)

2004-01-01

La nutrición infantil ha experimentado una creciente evolución en función de los estudios de investigación desarrollados y los diferentes criterios adoptados para establecer unas recomendaciones que satisfagan plenamente las necesidades fisiológicas y demandas nutricionales del neonato. La normativa de composición de las fórmulas ha sido dictadas por la Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica (ESPGAN) y la Academia Americana de Pediatría (AAP). Recientem...