Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). July 21, 2003 update no. 14; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 21 juillet 2003, no. 14

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells and hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)fuel cells fed with wood in different buildings 2)use of CO{sub 2} produced in a SOFC in a reactor in which algae are produced 3)PEMFC systems: the requirement of using polymers running at higher temperatures to better manage the heat and water 4)a technical and economical assessment of a fuel cell system decoupled of the electric network to feed buildings located in Sweden 5)use of ammonia as fuel in SOFC 6)direct oxidation fuel cells running with pure propanol-2 6)fuel cells at protonic ceramics for a running at a higher yield with methane 7)future role of gold in fuel cell systems 8)a heat management system in a fuel cell 9)tests in real conditions of the running of a fuel cell hybrid bus 10)a hydrogen production unit from hydrocarbons without releases for fuel cells used for mobile and portable applications 11)development of a methanol reformer for fuel cells 12)the reforming of liquid hydrocarbons for fuel cells used in transport applications 13)the properties of hydrogen storage in metallic hydrides with vanadium having a centred cubic structure. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). December 8, 2003 update no. 18; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 8 decembre 2003, no. 18

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of different recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, means of transport, hydrogen production and storage and with the different other energies. Their different titles are given below: 1)fuel cells or internal combustion engine, will it be really a 'or'? 2)fuel cell systems with a high yield using heat generated by the fuel for producing an addition of electricity 3)the design of DFC (Direct Fuel Cell) 4)electricity production by glucose oxidation in bacterial fuels without intermediary 5)simulation of a photovoltaic/micro-hydraulic/hydrogen system for feeding a house in the Alpes area. Part 2: the integrated system 6)recent advances in the field of materials for fuel cells 7)new materials for hydrogen production in PEMFC 8)modelling of the performances of lithium-ion batteries for fuel cells vehicles 9)hydrogen production at low temperature from oxygenated hydrocarbons 10)an alternative system for stationary hydrogen production: the iron sponge reforming cycle 11)a steam reformer for abating the releases of an internal combustion engine 12)hydrogen separation and purification: hydrogen recycling for SOFC 13)hydrogen physico-chemical storage: are carbon nano-tubes good means of hydrogen storage? 14)energetic scenarios until 2050 15)the use of wind energy on the electric network. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). December 22, 2003 update no. 19; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 22 decembre 2003, no. 19

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, the means of transport, the hydrogen production and with the different new other energies. Their different titles are given below : 1)gas turbine/fuel cell arrangement 2)design and fabrication of a SOFC by CERAMIC FUEL CELLS 3)a 'microbial' fuel cell able of converting glucose in electricity with high yields and velocity 4)a hybrid system: combined cycle gas turbine - multi-stage SOFC 5)a SOFC as auxiliary generator of electricity in an aircraft 6)recent development results of fuel in the Juelich research center 7)state of development of the SOFC at Haldor Topsoe/Risoe 8)a cost/advantage analysis of 'clean cars': methodology and applications to the electric cars 9)the generation of current and heat in a aerostat 10)hydrogen free from CO, produced from bio-ethanol steam reforming on cobalt catalysts supported on ZnO. Effect of the metallic precursor 11)device and method based on the cyclic auto-thermal reforming 12)the ammonia, source of hydrogen for a hybrid system: alkaline fuel/battery 13)effect of the Nafion on the activity of Pt-Ru electrocatalysts for the methanol electro-oxidation 14)'VISION 21': an integration of systems based on coal. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. February 26, 2004 update no. 21; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 26 fevrier 2004, no. 21

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, means of transport, hydrogen production and storage, environment. Their different titles are given below: 1)a 10 kW pressurized SOFC unit 2)design of a SOFC system for unstable network 3)demonstration for the general public of high and low temperature fuel cells 4)development of an APU for mobile application based on the SOFC technology 5)fuel cells as continuous supply source 6)PEM fuel cells with carbon nano-tubes electrodes 7)a temperature control system of a reformer fed by a fuel cell 8)the hybridization, a solution for fuel cell vehicles 9)hydrogen production by ethanol auto-thermal reforming on a Rh/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst 10)partial oxidation reforming catalyst for fuel cells vehicles 11)hydrogen production increased by a reactive mixture of alkaline aqueous solutions of an alkaline metal borohydride for fuel cells 12)development of an hydrogen generator (of about 10 kW) using chemical hydrides 13)device for pure gases production, in particular hydrogen and oxygen, from gaseous or liquid mixtures, for stationary and mobile applications 14)hydrogen storage in carbon nano-tubes synthesized by pyrolysis with a nickel-lanthanum catalyst 15)estimation of the new energetic and transport systems; the case of fuel cells, part 2: environmental performances. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. April 16, 2004 update no. 23; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 16 avril 2004, no. 23

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, means of transport, hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)the importance of the fuel choice in the efficiency of the SOFC 2)assessment model of a centralized electric power system: SOFC/gas turbine 3)a direct borohydride fuel cell 4)thermodynamic optimization of the internal structure of a fuel cell 5)a SOFC/gas turbine cogeneration system 6)micro-fuel cells for portable applications 7)comparison of performances of direct alcohol fuel cells using different anode catalysts 8)materials and designs for SOFC used in stationary and mobile applications 9)development of measurement techniques for two-phase hydrogen weight flow 10)semi-conductors potentiometric probe for the hydrogen detection in air 11)integration of a fuel cell in an electric system, using a regulator based on the theory of regulation by disturbances accommodation 12)'greening London's black cabs': a study of the use potential of fuel cells cabs in London 13)gasification of leather residues - part 1 - experimental study in a pilot gasifier with a descending current 14)use of composite conducting membranes to produce hydrogen by water dissociation 15)molybdenum carbide based catalyst for the water gas reaction used in fuel cells vehicles applications 16)hydrogen production process from methane hydrates with carbon dioxide hydrates sequestration 17)comparative study between the hydrogen adsorption on super activated carbon and on carbon nano-tubes. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. March 14, 2005 update no. 29; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 14 mars 2005, no. 29

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells and hydrogen production. Their different titles are given below: 1)thermodynamic analysis of a SOFC fed with ethanol and running in internal reforming mode 2)effect of the methanol and ethanol permeation on the efficiencies of a direct alcohol fuel cell with a PtRu/C anode 3)analysis of an hybrid SOFC micro-turbine micro-generation system 4)dynamic modelling and simulation of a small hybrid wind-fuel cell system 5)simulation of a system combining SOFC and PEMFC 6)assessment of the impacts and of the economical aspects of the fuel cell APU part 1: modelling of the cost and the efficiencies of the system part 2)impacts on the health and on the environment, analysis of the life cycle and optimization 7)efficiencies of vehicles equipped with direct hydrogen or reformed methanol PEMFC 8)methods for supplying fuel cell devices 9)auxiliary fuel cell system 10)analysis of life cycle of maritime applications of fuel cells 11)critical analysis of different hydrogen production and uses ways 12)comparison of the hydrogen and natural gas production processes in a thermodynamical and environmental point of view 13)research and development on the hydrogen production by high temperature electrolysis. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. May 18, 2004 update no. 24; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 18 mai 2004, no. 24

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, means of transport, hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)comparison of the costs between the electric-powered vehicles and the fuel cell vehicles 2)fuel savings of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles 3)direct formic acid fuel cells producing high current density 4)use of biogas in a SOFC 5)test unit for the determination of the seasonal performance of fuel cell residential systems 6)new management technique of fuel cells for optimizing the output power and the fuel use yield 7)SOFC/micro-turbines systems: current progress achieved and future development 8)advances in the field of the PEMFC 9)advances in the field of new materials for PEMFC 10)hybridization of fuel cell vehicles: an accessible solution for efficient traction systems 11)exergy life cycle analysis of systems of production and storage of hydrogen for mobile application 12)hydrogen and electric power production from coal with CO{sub 2} sequestration 13)H{sub 2}S low temperature removal with ZnO in gas mixtures containing vapor for applications in fuel cells 1-ZnO particles and extruded compounds 14)catalytic nano-composite membranes for CO abatement in fuel cell applications 15)activity and stability of Cu-CeO catalysts in the water-gas conversion for fuel cell applications 16)hydrogen production for fuel cell by ethanol partial oxidation on a nickel based catalyst 17)micro-reactor for hydrogen production in micro-fuel cell applications 18)hydrogen storage capacity and electrochemical properties of the electrode material La{sub 0.7}Mg{sub 0.3}Ni{sub 3.825}Co{sub 0.675}Mn{sub x}(A) 19)hydrogen storage and desorption capacity of carbon nano-tubes. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. March 22, 2004 update no. 22; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 22 mars 2004, no. 22

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, means of transport, hydrogen production and storage and renewable energies. Their different titles are given below: 1)recent developments in the field of polymer electrolyte fuel cells membranes running above 100 C 2)a new study method of a two-phase flow in a direct methanol fuel cell 3)fuel cell system 4)direct polymer electrolyte fuel cells running with dimethyl ether for portable applications 5)new fuel cells developments for aerospace equipment 6)anode materials for SOFC 7)application of the fuel cell technology to the rail transport 8)hydrogen production by hydrocarbons steam reforming on Ni or Fe based catalysts which are modified by an alkaline earth metal 9)thermochemical hydrogen production from Pacinum virgatum plant 10)development of a catalyst for biomass gasification, in a double-bed gasifier 11)the role of hydrogen in the development of wind power electric systems: the case of Ireland 12)feasibility study of a hydrogen distribution basic equipment for fuel cells vehicles, based on the use of electric power produced in off-peak hours in Japan 13)'bio-hydrogen' production: future developments and limits to a practical application 14)improvement of the hydrogen production from a biomass gasification process, indirectly heated. Removal of carbon dioxide releases with a new biological reformer 15)storage of hydrogen cooled with liquid nitrogen 16)ten years of running of a renewable energy production system based on hydrogen. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). September 23, 2003 update no. 16; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 23 septembre 2003, no. 16

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells and hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)the behaviour of the electrode potential in direct hydrazine fuels 2)a device of desalination fed with a fuel cell 3)experiment in the field of residential fuel cell systems at ECN (Energy Research Center) 4)'design of a divided feeding' for SOFC with an internal reforming system 5)water management and thermal management in a fuel cell vehicle fed with hydrogen extracted from sodium borohydride (NaBH{sub 4}) 6)a mathematical model of propulsion systems by PEMFC for mobile applications 7)assessment of the feasibility of a DMFC containing an alkaline membrane 8)semi-empirical assessment model of the performance of a DMFC, first part: development of the model and validation 9)PEMFC and the challenge of CO 10)materials for SOFC 11)natural gas and LPG desulfurization for fuel cells reformers 12)heat exchangers for reforming techniques 13)desulfurization of a fuel for fuel cell system 14)hydrogen production from solar thermal reactor 15)hydrogen physico-chemical storage: nano-structured storage materials having modified covalent bonds sp2. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. May 31, 2005 update no. 31; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 31 mai 2005, no. 31

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)Comparison of the carbon formation domains in a SOFC fed with methane 2)efficiencies of energy storage systems using hydrogen and oxygen 3)electric power and water autonomous generator 4)efficiencies of fuel cells systems running with pure H{sub 2} and O{sub 2} for automobiles applications 5)desulfurization of JP-8 fuel, by selective adsorption on an nickel based adsorbent for micro-SOFC 6)fast response methanol detector running in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures 7)microstructural changes of the unit membrane-electrode during aging tests in strongly wet conditions 8)super-capacitors used as an energy storage system in an hybrid fuel cell system for mobile applications 9)comparison of the steam reforming assisted by hexane and iso-octane microwave plasma 10)continuous production of hydrogen by synthesis gas fermentation (water gas conversion by biological way) 11)titanium coated with carbon nano-tubes as a potential mean to store hydrogen 12)hydrogen storage in magnesium nano-structured composite materials 13)simulation of an hydrogen storage system from hydrides thermally coupled with a fuel cell. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. June 28, 2005 update no. 32; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 28 juin 2005, no. 32

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)advantages of the use of hydrogen compared with kerosene 2)comparative study of three types of microbial fuel cells 3)carbon nano-tubes for electric applications 4)separation of the CO{sub 2} during the hydrocarbons gasification 5)hydrogen production from hydrocarbons assisted by plasma 6)plasma pyrolysis of biomass for synthesis gas and carbonaceous adsorbent production 7)fast starting reformer for automobile applications 8)development of a unit of hydrogen production from LPG for PEM systems: assessment at the laboratory scale of the sub-units of auto-thermal reforming and of selective oxidation 9)hydrogen and electric power production, with CO{sub 2} sequestration, by redox species chemical cycle reforming (CuO, Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3}, NiO, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SiO{sub 2} as support) 10)exergy and economic analysis of a PEM electrolyser running at different temperatures and pressures 11)nano-structured materials for hydrogen storage 12)composite materials based on light elements for hydrogen storage. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical survey for the fuel cell research network PACO. April 29, 2005 update no. 30; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 29 avril 2005, no. 30

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, hydrogen production and transport and distribution. Their different titles are given below: 1)hydrogen and energetic strategies first part: current progress achieved and requirements 2)hydrogen and energetic strategies second part: influences on the world stability 3)fuel cells: a future technology respectful with the environment 4)thermo-economical modelling and optimization of fuel cells systems 5)simulation of a SOFC fed with methane 6)processes analyses and assessment of the exergy losses in a SOFC 7)characterization and analysis of the efficiencies of a SOFC with a proton conducting ceramic electrolyte 8)economic and environmental feasibility study of a group of fuel cells cogeneration systems of 200 kW on the campus of the Stanford university 9)in situ measurements of water distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10)comparison of electric power and hydrogen production systems with CO{sub 2} sequestration and storage 11)cold plasma use for hydrocarbons reforming 12)study of the cracks growth in AISI 304 weldings and steel plates under hydrogen or synthetic air atmosphere. The references of these articles are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). December 22, 2003 update no. 19; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 22 decembre 2003, no. 19

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, the means of transport, the hydrogen production and with the different new other energies. Their different titles are given below : 1)gas turbine/fuel cell arrangement 2)design and fabrication of a SOFC by CERAMIC FUEL CELLS 3)a 'microbial' fuel cell able of converting glucose in electricity with high yields and velocity 4)a hybrid system: combined cycle gas turbine - multi-stage SOFC 5)a SOFC as auxiliary generator of electricity in an aircraft 6)recent development results of fuel in the Juelich research center 7)state of development of the SOFC at Haldor Topsoe/Risoe 8)a cost/advantage analysis of 'clean cars': methodology and applications to the electric cars 9)the generation of current and heat in a aerostat 10)hydrogen free from CO, produced from bio-ethanol steam reforming on cobalt catalysts supported on ZnO. Effect of the metallic precursor 11)device and method based on the cyclic auto-thermal reforming 12)the ammonia, source of hydrogen for a hybrid system: alkaline fuel/battery 13)effect of the Nafion on the activity of Pt-Ru electrocatalysts for the methanol electro-oxidation 14)'VISION 21': an integration of systems based on coal. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Thematic outlook: the technical outlook for the fuel cell research network (PACO). April 9, 2003 update no. 11; Veille thematique. La veille technique pour le reseau PACO. Actualisation du 9 avril 2003, no. 11

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Summaries of several recent articles and patents are gathered here. They deal with fuel cells, hydrogen production and storage. Their different titles are given below: 1)the historical developments on fuel cells during the last hundred years 2)the development of an ITPCFC (Intermediate Temperature Proton Conducting Fuel Cell) 3)a fuel cell coupled with an enzymatic process to produce electricity, to transform and isolate CO{sub 2} 4)the potentialities of fuel cell vehicles 5)an energetic modelling of clean vehicles to reduce the CO{sub 2} releases in Japan 6)the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide from platinum, ruthenium and palladium catalysts to produce hydrogen 7)a coal conversion process in a gas rich in hydrogen for fuel cell 8)the hydrogen production by methane cracking for fuel cell 9)the hydrogenation characteristics of magnesium films exposed in air for hydrogen storage 10)the hydrogen storage in carbon nano-tubes and materials of the same family 11)the electrochemical opening of carbon nano-tubes at ambient temperature followed by hydrogen storage. The references of these articles and patents are detailed. (O.M.)

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis-associated abortion in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) fetus

Science.gov (United States)

A near full term alpaca (Vicugna pacos) was stillborn two days before expected date of delivery; necropsy examination was conducted within six hours of delivery. Gross lesions were enlarged liver and hydrocephalus. On histologic examination, mild inflammatory lesions were identified in the placenta,...

Discontinuation of furosemide decreases PaCO(2) in patients with COPD.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brijker, F.; Heijdra, Y.F.; Elshout, F.J.J. van den; Folgering, H.T.M.

2002-01-01

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the discontinuation of furosemide treatment resulted in a decrease in PaCO(2) and an increase in daytime and nocturnal oxygenation. BACKGROUND: Furosemide is widely prescribed in patients with COPD for the treatment of peripheral edema. It is known that

Activity report 2015 Commission Perspectives du Reseau

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ricour, Olivia

2016-01-01

This document contains the activity report for 2015 of the Commission Perspectives du Reseau which has been set up by RTE to be the main body for organising a dialogue with all the actors of the energy sector and civil society about challenges and stakes of the electric power system on the medium and on the long term. It describes how this body aims at sharing knowledge and expertise of all stakeholders (publications, European platform for data transparency), at being a place for debating and enriching the understanding of tomorrow's important stakes for the power system (discussion of the issue of greenhouse gas emissions with an analysis of the impact of the CO 2 price signal on emissions by the European electricity system and results of the e-Highway 2050 European project). The road-map of the Commission works for 2016 is provided, as well as a list of members

Effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO2, PaCO2, HCO3-, PH and cerebral blood flow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komatani, Akio; Akutsu, Tooru; Yoshida, Michihiko; Yamaguchi, Koichi; Seo, Hiroshi

1992-01-01

To estimate the quantitative reactivity of cerebral blood flow (CBF), the effects of sodium bicarbonate on the end-tidal CO 2 , arterial partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2 ), HCO 3 - , pH and CBF were examined. The CBF was measured by 133 Xe inhalation method with ring type SPECT (HEADTOME). Activation study with sodium bicarbonate administration was performed after 30 minutes of resting study, and the reactivity of each parameters was investigated. The arterial HCO 3 - and pH increased with similar reactivity, but PaCO 2 , end-tidal CO 2 and CBF in the non-injured hemisphere changed with irregular reactivity. The excellent correlation between PaCO 2 and end-tidal CO 2 was vanished by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. The reactivity of CBF did not correlate with reactivity of PaCO 2 and end-tidal CO 2 , but correlated with arterial HCO 3 - and pH. Thus the measurement of arterial HCO 3 - and pH may be indispensable to estimate the CBF reactivity with the administration of sodium bicarbonate. (author)

Reseau Environnement's brief on the project regarding atmospheric regulations : submitted to the Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

Reseau Environnement is a Montreal-based organization that promotes the protection of ecosystems and human health. Their mandate is to extend the existing standards for reducing pollutants and to tap the full potential of Quebec expertise in addressing pollution sources. Reseau Environnement recently appealed to the Quebec Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks to develop clear, flexible and modern regulations for Quebec, similar to those found in Europe and the United States, to efficiently control atmospheric emissions in an effort to counteract the negative effects they impart on ecosystems and human health. Among the requests was the revision of certain pollution regulation clauses to regulate odor emissions; identify preferred measuring methods for pollutants; apply ambient air quality standards to existing installations; apply standards for particulates; impose requirements for the frequency of pollution sampling and make changes to some components of Montreal's Regulation 90 regarding air pollution from industrial activities. 13 refs

Eficiência teórica de pilhas a combustível do tipo PaCOS

OpenAIRE

Amaral, Alexandre A.; Matos, Francisco F.; Benedicto, João Paulo; Boaventura, Jaime S.

2007-01-01

A célula a combustível do tipo óxido sólido (PaCOS) é um das mais promissoras tecnologias para a produção de energia elétrica, principalmente, devido ao fato de ser virtualmente não poluente. Tipicamente, a PaCOS é constituída de pelo menos sete fases distintas: combustível, ânodo, cátodo, eletrólito (separando os dois eletrodos), ar e interconectores elétricos (dois) para completar o circuito de corrente. É claramente demonstrado que os sistemas eletroquímicos só podem ser reversíveis quando...

SGN-Reseau Eurisys participates to the Hanford military site rehabilitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1996-01-01

Numatec Hanford Corporation, a subsidiary company of SGN-Reseau Eurisys and Cogema, gained with Fluor Daniel the contract for the rehabilitation of the old military nuclear centre of Hanford (Washington, USA). This contract of 5 years represents 5 billions of US dollars with 300 millions of dollars for the French part. This short paper gives a general description of the Hanford installations and of the partners involved in the contract: Fluor Daniel consortium, Lockheed Martin, Babcock and Wilcox, Duke Engineering and Services, Rust Federal Services, Numatec Hanford Corporation (NHC), SGN-Eurisys Services Corporation (SESC). The schedule comprises: the stabilisation of the residual plutonium in all installations before December 1999, the removal of muds and debris from the K storage pool of irradiated fuels before June 2000, the draining and cleaning of the high activity storage tanks before December 2001 and the general decontamination of the installations up to the year 2005. (J.S.)

Robot calibration with a photogrammetric on-line system using reseau scanning cameras

Science.gov (United States)

Diewald, Bernd; Godding, Robert; Henrich, Andreas

1994-03-01

The possibility for testing and calibration of industrial robots becomes more and more important for manufacturers and users of such systems. Exacting applications in connection with the off-line programming techniques or the use of robots as measuring machines are impossible without a preceding robot calibration. At the LPA an efficient calibration technique has been developed. Instead of modeling the kinematic behavior of a robot, the new method describes the pose deviations within a user-defined section of the robot's working space. High- precision determination of 3D coordinates of defined path positions is necessary for calibration and can be done by digital photogrammetric systems. For the calibration of a robot at the LPA a digital photogrammetric system with three Rollei Reseau Scanning Cameras was used. This system allows an automatic measurement of a large number of robot poses with high accuracy.

GAT 3 - fuel cells and their management (PACoGES). Progress report; GAT 3 - piles a combustible et leur gestion (PACoGES). Rapport final (juillet 2002 a juin 2004)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamy, C.

2005-07-01

The Topic Analysis Group PACoGES ('Piles a Combustible et leur Gestion') has conducted thoughts on fuel cells and their management with all the searchers concern with researches and developments on fuel cells and in particular on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC, ITSOFC) running at high temperature (600 to 1000 C). This has concerned about 200 searchers working in about fifty laboratories (CNRS, CEA, EDF, GDF, INRETS, CNAM, Armines, and several industrial teams). Here is given the final report 2002-2004 concerning all the researches carried out by this Group. (O.M.)

Medium Affect Desire: Hybridising Real Virtual and the Actualised through Affective Medium Ecology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Boumeester

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Underneath the turbulent surface of the ubiquitous media-scape lies an even more agile and aggressive set of relations. A central figure in this turmoil of desires seems to be the asignifying sign, which has a hybridising liaison with both the realm of the real virtual and the realm of the actualised. The main question is what does it want? This new materialistic, non-anthropocentric liberty of affect is creating an arena of strange attractors and other topological vector fields in which our own unconscious drive is as effective as that of the steel ball in a pinball machine. Could we isolate the intrinsic drive of the medium from its subservient position in the aesthetic, freeing its desire from the anthropocentric dominion? What does it Yen for? Perhaps this gap is not meant to be filled, as it is this yearning what it yearns for. The asignifying sign cannot be isolated, it is neither here nor there, yet it is conditionally omnipresent, it inhibits the gap, its desire is to affect.

Parásitos de alevinos de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum y paco (Piaractus brachypomus cultivados en el C.I. Quistococha, Loreto, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En acuicultura, los peces son susceptibles al ataque de virus, bacterias, hongos y ectoparásitos. Estos organismos se tornan en un serio problema cuando los peces se encuentran con bajas defensas naturales, se crían en altas densidades y/o se altera drásticamente la calidad de agua. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la fauna de parásitos presentes en alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus y gamitana (Colossoma macropomum provenientes de estanques del Centro de Investigación Quistococha del IIAP. Un total de 30 ejemplares de cada especie fueron examinados a través de la preparación de frotis fresco de branquias, piel, aletas y tubo digestivo. Entre las dos especies estudiadas, gamitana demostró una mayor prevalencia de infestación, mayor intensidad de parásitos y mayor índice de infestación parasitaria. Los alevinos de paco mostraron una mayor resistencia a la propagación y al ataque de parásitos. Se identificaron monogeneos de las familias Dactylogyridae y Gyrodactylidae, solo en gamitana, mientras que el protozoo ciliado Trichodina se halló exclusivamente en paco. Los parásitos identificados no causaron ninguna mortalidad en los peces.

The rf control and detection system for PACO the parametric converter detector

CERN Document Server

Bernard, P; Parodi, R; Picasso, Emilio; Bernard, Ph.

2000-01-01

In this technical note the rf control and detection system for a detector of small harmonic displacements based on two coupled microwave cavities (PACO) is presented. The basic idea underlying this detector is the principle of parametric power conversion between two resonant modes of the system, stimulated by the (small) harmonic modulation of one system parameter. In this experiment we change the cavity length applying an harmonic voltage to a piezo-electric crystal. The system can achieve a great sensitivity to small harmonic displacements and can be an interesting candidate for the detection of small, mechanically coupled, interactions (e.g. high frequency gravitational waves).

A novel pulmonary polyomavirus in alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

Science.gov (United States)

Dela Cruz, Florante N; Li, Linlin; Delwart, Eric; Pesavento, P A

2017-03-01

Viral metagenomic analysis detected a novel polyomavirus in a 6-month old female alpaca (Vicugna pacos) euthanized after a diagnosis of disseminated lymphosarcoma. The viral genome was fully sequenced, found to be similar to other polyomaviruses in gene architecture and provisionally named Alpaca polyomavirus or AlPyV. Viral nucleic acid was detected by PCR in venous blood, spleen, thymus, and lung. AlPyV phylogenetically clustered in the "Wuki" group of PyVs, which includes WU and KI polyomaviruses, commonly found in human respiratory samples. In an ISH analysis of 17 alpaca necropsies, 7 had detectable virus within the lung. In animals without pneumonia, probe hybridization was restricted to the nuclei of scattered individual bronchiolar epithelial cells. Three of the ISH positive alpacas had interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin, and in these animals there was viral nucleic acid detected in bronchiolar epithelium, type II pneumocytes, and alveolar macrophages. The pattern of AlPyV distribution is consistent with a persistent respiratory virus that has a possible role in respiratory disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Paco Rabanne: ¿Arquitecto sin arquitecura?

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Marta Muñoz Martín

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La arquitectura y la indumentaria son disciplinas aparentemente antagónicas, pero a lo largo de la historia podemos observar como los arquitectos han escrito sobre moda, han realizado edificios al servicio de ésta o incluso han diseñado vestidos y complementos. Del mismo modo, muchos modistos y diseñadores de moda han encontrado en la arquitectura una fuente de inspiración, han heredado sus instrumentos o han colaborado con sus figuras más reconocidas para la concepción de sus diseños. La figura de Paco Rabanne constituyó un nuevo paradigma en el diseño de moda. Formado como arquitecto en l’École de Beaux Art de Paris entre 1951 y 1963, en los años 60 aplicó sus conocimientos de arquitectura en la creación de vestidos rupturistas. Influenciado por las vanguardias artísticas de la época, así como por el uso de nuevos materiales y formas en la arquitectura del momento, su obra irrumpió en el panorama de los convulsos años 60, dinamitando la tradicional concepción de la moda e introduciendo materiales y técnicas ajenas a ésta pero propios de la construcción de edificios. Su carácter innovador contribuyó para establecer un paralelismo, hasta entonces poco desarrollado, entre ambas materias.

Tracking time-varying cerebral autoregulation in response to changes in respiratory PaCO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Jia; Simpson, M David; Allen, Robert; Yan, Jingyu

2010-01-01

Cerebral autoregulation has been studied by linear filter systems, with arterial blood pressure (ABP) as the input and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV—from transcranial Doppler Ultrasound) as the output. The current work extends this by using adaptive filters to investigate the dynamics of time-varying cerebral autoregulation during step-wise changes in arterial PaCO 2 . Cerebral autoregulation was transiently impaired in 11 normal adult volunteers, by switching inspiratory air to a CO 2 /air mixture (5% CO 2 , 30% O 2 and 65% N 2 ) for approximately 2 min and then back to the ambient air, causing step-wise changes in end-tidal CO 2 (EtCO 2 ). Simultaneously, ABP and CBFV were recorded continuously. Simulated data corresponding to the same protocol were also generated using an established physiological model, in order to refine the signal analysis methods. Autoregulation was quantified by the time-varying phase lead, estimated from the adaptive filter model. The adaptive filter was able to follow rapid changes in autoregulation, as was confirmed in the simulated data. In the recorded signals, there was a slow decrease in autoregulatory function following the step-wise increase in PaCO 2 (but this did not reach a steady state within approximately 2 min of recording), with a more rapid change in autoregulation on return to normocapnia. Adaptive filter modelling was thus able to demonstrate time-varying autoregulation. It was further noted that impairment and recovery of autoregulation during transient increases in EtCO 2 occur in an asymmetric manner, which should be taken into account when designing experimental protocols for the study of autoregulation

In memory of Paco Yndurain: A precise determination of ππ scattering from experiment and dispersion relations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pelaez, J.R.; Garcia Martin, R.; Kaminski, R.; Yndurain, F.J.

2009-01-01

This talk is dedicated to the memory of Paco Yndurain, the original speaker in the conference. After a short account of his scientific career, we briefly review our ongoing collaboration to determine precisely the ππ scattering amplitude including the most recent data by means of Forward Dispersion Relations and Roy Equations. A remarkable improvement in precision over the intermediate energy region is obtained by using once-subtracted Roy Equations in addition to the standard twice-subtracted ones

Dense plasma focus PACO as a hard X-ray emitter: a study on the radiation source

OpenAIRE

Supán, L.; Guichón, S.; Milanese, Maria Magdalena; Niedbalski, Jorge Julio; Moroso, Roberto Luis; Acuña, H.; Malamud, Florencia

2016-01-01

The radiation in the X-ray range detected outside the vacuum chamber of the dense plasma focus (DPF) PACO, are produced on the anode zone. The zone of emission is studied in a shot-to-shot analysis, using pure deuterium as filling gas. We present a diagnostic method to determine the place and size of the hard X-ray source by image analysis of high density radiography plates. Fil: Supán, L.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Insti...

Cerebral autoregulation and flow/metabolism coupling during cardiopulmonary bypass: the influence of PaCO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murkin, J.M.; Farrar, J.K.; Tweed, W.A.; McKenzie, F.N.; Guiraudon, G.

1987-01-01

Measurement of 133 Xe clearance and effluent cerebral venous blood sampling were used in 38 patients to determine the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, and of maintaining temperature corrected or noncorrected PaCO 2 at 40 mm Hg on regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and flow/metabolism coupling. After induction of anesthesia with diazepam and fentanyl, mean CBF was 25 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 and cerebral oxygen consumption, 1.67 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1. Cerebral oxygen consumption during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass at 26 degrees C was reduced to 0.42 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 in both groups. CBF was reduced to 14-15 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 in the non-temperature-corrected group (n = 21), was independent of cerebral perfusion pressure over the range of 20-100 mm Hg, but correlated with cerebral oxygen consumption. In the temperature-corrected group (n = 17), CBF varied from 22 to 32 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, and flow/metabolism coupling was not maintained (i.e., CBF and cerebral oxygen consumption varied independently). However, variation in CBF correlated significantly with cerebral perfusion pressure over the pressure range of 15-95 mm Hg. This study demonstrates a profound reduction in cerebral oxygen consumption during hypothermic nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. When a non-temperature-corrected PaCO 2 of approximately 40 mm Hg was maintained, CBF was lower, and analysis of pooled data suggested that CBF regulation was better preserved, i.e., CBF was independent of pressure changes and dependent upon cerebral oxygen consumption

From Rio to Johannesburg : The perspectives of NGO of the Reseau Action Climat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flipo, F.

2002-01-01

The Reseau Action Climat France (RCAF) (France Climate Action Network) was founded in 1996 with the goal of fighting against the risk of climatic change and to follow the implementation of sustainable development policies at the national level. The Climate Action Network (CAN), is comprised of in excess of 360 members from all five continents. A brief historical review of climatic change is provided, starting with the risk first being recognized at the end of the nineteenth century, through to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Issues are discussed, ranging from the opinion of the general population in France that climatic change is unacceptable, and economic growth must be revised without the option of reverting to nuclear energy, to the belief that profound change in the development of industrialized nations is required. The long term positions of the RCAF are examined. They can be classified under the following headings: dispatching of damages and appropriateness of commitments of Parties with regard to the objective of the Convention, allocation of emissions quotas, links to sustainable development, and other perspectives. The author concludes by indicating that the situation form Rio to Johannesburg has deteriorated and that fighting against actual trends represents our best hope to mitigate climatic change. 24 refs., 2 figs

Pärnu mudaravila restaureerimine ja juurdeehitus = Restoration and extension of the Pärnu mud baths / Tarmo Teedumäe, Paco Ulman, Tüüne-Kristin Vaikla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Teedumäe, Tarmo, 1970-

2015-01-01

Restaureeritud ja uue juurdeehitusega Pärnu mudaravila Ranna puiestee 1, valminud 2014. Arhitektid Tarmo Teedumäe, Paco Ulman, Inga Raukas, Arhitektuuriagentuur, Allianss Arhitektid. Sisearhitektid Tüüne-Kristin Vaikla, Urmo Vaikla, Tuuli Trei, Margit Teikari (Vaikla Stuudio). 2014. aasta Kultuurkapitali Arhitektuuripreemia kandidaat

The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) as a natural intermediate host of Taenia omissa (Cestoda: Taeniidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Gomez-Puerta, Luis A; Yucra, Dora; Lopez-Urbina, Maria T; Gonzalez, Armando E

2017-11-15

Three metacestodes were collected from the mesentery and the surface of the liver of three adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in a slaughterhouse located in Puno, Peru. Various features of the metacestodes were observed for morphological identification. A molecular diagnosis was performed by PCR-based sequencing of mitochondrial genes of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). All metacestodes were identified as Taenia omissa by morphology and molecular methods The isolates from alpacas showed significant sequence similarity with previously reported isolates of T. omissa (95.7-98.1% in cox1 and 94.6-95.1% in nad1). Our report is the first to detect T. omissa metacestodes in alpacas and to reveal that alpacas are natural intermediate hosts for this parasite. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Innervation and immunohistochemical characteristics of epididymis in Alpaca camelid (Vicugna pacos

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Giovanna Liguori

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Alpacas (Vicugna pacos are domesticated camelids indigenous to south America and recently also bred in Europe and Italy for their high quality wool. There is little data available regarding the innervation of the male reproductive tract of this species. In the present study, the distribution of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5, neuropeptide Y (NPY, tyrosine hydroxilase (TH, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP and substance P (SP was analyzed in the epididymis by using immunohistochemical methods. Specimens of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis with primary antibodies against PGP 9.5, NPY, TH, CGRP and SP. Immunopositivity to PGP 9.5 and TH and NPY was observed in nerve fibre bundles and in single nerve fibres contained into the peritubular connective tissue. Many TH and NPY immunopositive cells were found to innervate blood vessels. Rare CGRP and SP immunopositive nerves were observed. Several PGP 9,5 and NPY immunopositive epithelial cells were observed in the caput epididymis. The results of the present study suggest a role for the innervations in modulate reproductive functions in the alpaca epididymis.

Emociones en suspenso: maternidad y consumo de pasta base/paco en barrios marginales de Buenos Aires

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Victoria Castilla

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A partir de una investigación etnográfica llevada a cabo en un barrio del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, caracterizado por altos índice de pobreza, vulnerabilidad y marginalidad, en este texto se describen y analizan, desde la perspectiva de las propias usuarias, las caracterísiticas y formas en que el consumo intensivo de PB/paco moldea las dinámicas emocionales vinculadas con la maternidad. En el marco de esta relación consumo-maternidad, destacamos distintos momentos entre los que se encuentran las "emociones maternales en suspenso" vividas durante el consumo intensivo ("giras"; los malestares emocionales asociados a la "culpa" y la "vergüenza" durante el "bajón"; y las emociones maternales intensificadas asociadas a un intenso apego emocional con los hijos y las hijas, sobre todo cuando comienzan a "rescatarse".

Dinámicas familiares, prácticas de cuidado y resolución de problemas asociados al consumo intensivo de pasta base/paco en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Victoria Castilla

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Based on the results of an ethnographic research that we are carrying out since 2008 with vulnerable population in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in this article we examine social and familiar bonds from the perspective of drug use, specifically pasta base -called paco. Particularly, we analyze the way that drug use shapes and is shaped by the characteristics of social and familiar bonds.

Diseño de un modelo de gestión para la calificación y asignación de montos de crédito de personas naturales y jurídicas del portafolio de clientes de Paco comercial e industrial S.A.

OpenAIRE

Redín Gaibor, Valeria Patricia

2011-01-01

En la actualidad el Departamento de Crédito y Cobranzas de Super pa-co no dispone de un Manual de Crédito, en donde se encuentren delimitadas las políticas, funciones, procesos y responsabilidades del talento humano y de cada tarea asignada a ellos; por tal razón se determinó la necesidad de diseñar un Modelo Gestión para Calificación y Asignación de montos de Crédito de Personas Naturales y Jurídicas del portafolio de clientes de Paco Comercial e Industrial S.A. que facilite el trabajo y opt...

DINÁMICAS FAMILIARES, PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO Y RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS ASOCIADOS AL CONSUMO INTENSIVO DE PASTA BASE/PACO EN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

OpenAIRE

Castilla, MarIa Victoria; Olsen, M. Celeste; Epelez, María E.

2012-01-01

Partiendo de los resultados de una investigación etnográfica que venimos desarrollando desde el año 2008 con poblaciones vulnerables del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina, en este trabajo examinamos las dinámicas vinculares de los sectores populares a la luz de las prácticas de cuidado y consumo de drogas, específicamente pasta base de cocaína -denominada localmente paco-. En particular, analizamos los modos en que el uso de drogas modela y es modelado por las característic...

Miljöberikning för domesticerade lamadjur i en djurpark : En studie om lama (Lama glama) och alpacka (Vicugna pacos) och deras beteenden

OpenAIRE

Pörhölä, Sofia

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to enrich the environment for llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in a zoo. The zoo is located in northern Sweden (Umeå, Mickelträsk). The llama herd consists of three individuals of breed qara, two males and one female and the alpaca herd consists of six individuals of breed huacaya, one male, four females and one foal. The species lived in separate enclosures, they lived outside all year round and they had a shelter for wind and rain protection. They ...

Exílio e diáspora nas personagens de ficção Paulo Martins (Terra em transe) e Paco (Terra estrangeira)

OpenAIRE

Soares, Paulo Marcondes Ferreira; UFPE

2014-01-01

O estudo centra-se em aspectos dados às configurações das personagens Paulo Martins, do filme Terra em transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967), e Paco, do filme Terra estrangeira (Walter Salles e Daniela Thomas, 1996), relativamente às dimensões identitárias, políticas e de contextualidade (tempo diegético e espaço diegético) vividas por essas personagens na sociedade interna dos filmes vis a vis às dimensões culturais e identitárias, mas, também, políticas e contextuais em que tais películas foram prod...

Hearing in alpacas (Vicugna pacos): audiogram, localization acuity, and use of binaural locus cues.

Science.gov (United States)

Heffner, Rickye S; Koay, Gimseong; Heffner, Henry E

2014-02-01

Behavioral audiograms and sound localization abilities were determined for three alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Their hearing at a level of 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL) (re 20 μPa) extended from 40 Hz to 32.8 kHz, a range of 9.7 octaves. They were most sensitive at 8 kHz, with an average threshold of -0.5 dB SPL. The minimum audible angle around the midline for 100-ms broadband noise was 23°, indicating relatively poor localization acuity and potentially supporting the finding that animals with broad areas of best vision have poorer sound localization acuity. The alpacas were able to localize low-frequency pure tones, indicating that they can use the binaural phase cue, but they were unable to localize pure tones above the frequency of phase ambiguity, thus indicating complete inability to use the binaural intensity-difference cue. In contrast, the alpacas relied on their high-frequency hearing for pinna cues; they could discriminate front-back sound sources using 3-kHz high-pass noise, but not 3-kHz low-pass noise. These results are compared to those of other hoofed mammals and to mammals more generally.

Spatial perseveration error by alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in an A-not-B detour task.

Science.gov (United States)

Abramson, José Z; Paulina Soto, D; Beatriz Zapata, S; Lloreda, María Victoria Hernández

2018-05-01

Spatial perseveration has been documented for domestic animals such as mules, donkeys, horses and dogs. However, evidence for this spatial cognition behavior among other domestic species is scarce. Alpacas have been domesticated for at least 7000 years yet their cognitive ability has not been officially reported. The present article used an A-not-B detour task to study the spatial problem-solving abilities of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and to identify the perseveration errors, which refers to a tendency to maintain a learned route, despite having another available path. The study tested 51 alpacas, which had to pass through a gap at one end of a barrier in order to reach a reward. After one, two, three or four repeats (A trials), the gap was moved to the opposite end of the barrier (B trials). In contrast to what has been found in other domestic animals tested with the same task, the present study did not find clear evidence of spatial perseveration. Individuals' performance in the subsequent B trials, following the change of gap location, suggests no error persistence in alpacas. Results suggest that alpacas are more flexible than other domestic animals tested with this same task, which has important implications in planning proper training for experimental designs or productive purposes. These results could contribute toward enhancing alpacas' welfare and our understanding of their cognitive abilities.

The general formulation and practical calculation of the diffusion coefficient in a lattice containing cavities; Formulation generale et calcul pratique du coefficient de diffusion dans un reseau comportant des cavites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benoist, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1959-07-01

The calculation of diffusion coefficients in a lattice necessitates the knowledge of a correct method of weighting the free paths of the different constituents. An unambiguous definition of this weighting method is given here, based on the calculation of leakages from a zone of a reactor. The formulation obtained, which is both simple and general, reduces the calculation of diffusion coefficients to that of collision probabilities in the different media; it reveals in the expression for the radial coefficient the series of the terms of angular correlation (cross terms) recently shown by several authors. This formulation is then used to calculate the practical case of a classical type of lattice composed of a moderator and a fuel element surrounded by an empty space. Analytical and numerical comparison of the expressions obtained with those inferred from the theory of BEHRENS shows up the importance of several new terms some of which are linked with the transparency of the fuel element. Cross terms up to the second order are evaluated. A practical formulary is given at the end of the paper. (author) [French] Le calcul des coefficients de diffusion dans un reseau suppose la connaissance d'un mode de ponderation correct des libres parcours des differents constituants. On definit ici sans ambiguite ce mode de ponderation a partir du calcul des fuites hors d'une zone de reacteur. La formulation obtenue, simple et generale, ramene le calcul des coefficients de diffusion a celui des probabilites de collision dans les differents milieux; elle fait apparaitre dans l'expression du coefficient radial la serie des termes de correlation angulaire (termes rectangles), mis en evidence recemment par plusieurs auteurs. Cette formulation est ensuite appliquee au calcul pratique d'un reseau classique, compose d'un moderateur et d'un element combustible entoure d'une cavite; la comparaison analytique et numerique des expressions obtenues avec celles deduites de la theorie de BEHRENS

Simulation of the containment spray system test PACOS PX2.2 with the integral code ASTEC and the containment code system COCOSYS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Risken, Tobias; Koch, Marco K.

2011-01-01

The reactor safety research contains the analysis of postulated accidents in nuclear power plants (npp). These accidents may involve a loss of coolant from the nuclear plant's reactor coolant system, during which heat and pressure within the containment are increased. To handle these atmospheric conditions, containment spray systems are installed in various light water reactors (LWR) worldwide as a part of the accident management system. For the improvement and the safety ensurance in npp operation and accident management, numeric simulations of postulated accident scenarios are performed. The presented calculations regard the predictability of the containment spray system's effect with the integral code ASTEC and the containment code system COCOSYS, performed at Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum. Therefore the test PACOS Px2.2 is simulated, in which water is sprayed in the stratified containment atmosphere of the BMC (Battelle Modell-Containment). (orig.)

An ontogenetic perspective on symphyseal fusion, occlusion and mandibular loading in alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

Science.gov (United States)

Stover, Kristin K; Sidote, JoAnna; Williams, Susan H

2017-10-01

A primary hypothesis for the evolution of mandibular symphyseal fusion in some mammals is that it functions to resist loads incurred during routine mastication. Anecdotal support for this hypothesis is based on the fact that when the symphysis fuses, it typically does so early during postnatal ontogeny prior to or around the time of weaning. However, little is known about the process of fusion, particularly relative to feeding behaviors and the dynamics of mastication, including occlusion and masticatory loading. In the present study, we investigate the timing and process of symphyseal fusion in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the context of maturation of the oral apparatus and oral behavior. We also report on in vivo strains from the symphysis and corpus in young alpacas prior to and following full fusion and M 1 occlusion. Results show that fusion begins rostrally by 1 month and is complete by 6-7 months whereas all deciduous premolars and M 1 come into occlusion by 6 months. Although symphyseal loading patterns are maintained throughout ontogeny, in young alpacas symphyseal strain magnitudes are low compared with adults but corpus strain magnitudes are comparable to those found in adults. Reduced symphyseal loading in young individuals is contrary to what might be predicted given that the symphysis is still fusing. When considered in light of the development of occlusion and rumination, strain magnitudes may be necessarily low and reflect an overall delay in the maturation of masticatory dynamics. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The "RESEAU MATER": An efficient infection control for endometritis, but not for urinary tract infection after vaginal delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

Ayzac, Louis; Caillat-Vallet, Emmanuelle; Girard, Raphaële; Berland, Michel

"RESEAU MATER" is useful to monitor nosocomial infections in maternity and contributes to the decreasing trend of it, since its implementation. Specifically, this network demonstrates its efficiency in the control of endometritis following vaginal deliveries, but not in the control of urinary tract infections. The aim of this study is to determine whether the difference between the control of endometritis and of urinary tract infection could be explained by an unsuitable regression model or by an unsuitable care policy concerning urinary cares. This study includes (1) the analysis of historic data of the network and (2) the description of French guidelines for maternity cares and available evaluations, concerning endometritis and urinary tract infection prevention. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the total study period of 1999-2013, for these infections and their risk factors. The endometritis frequency is decreasing, in association with no significant evolution of associated risk factors, but urinary tract infection frequency is constant, in association with a increasing trend of its risk factors such as intermittent catheterization and epidural analgesia. In French guidelines, all preventive measures against endometritis are clearly broadcasted by all field operators, and repeated audits have reinforced the control of their application. But preventive measures against urinary tract infection seem to be broadcasted exclusively in the circle of infection prevention agencies and not in the obstetrics societies or in the Health Ministry communication. Urinary tract infection prevention requires a clearer public and professional policy in favor of a more efficient urinary cares, with a specific target to maternity. Copyright © 2016 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Más allá de Paco de Lucía. Una aproximación a la tradición del flamenco en el Campo de Gibraltar, Cádiz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan José Téllez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La importancia, mediática, histórica y artística generada por Paco de Lucía, tanto por el mismo como en su acompañamiento a ya mítico Camarón de la Isla ha generado un velo que enturbia al arte flamenco de todo el Campo de Gibraltar. Sin minusvalorar el aporte de la familia algecireña Sánchez la tradición jonda se puede rastrear hasta el siglo XVII y pervive en jóvenes valores del cante, el toque y el baile hasta el día de hoy. Como ejemplo basta mencionar dos nombres que son ejemplo de la pervivencia flamenca Corruco y la zaga de Los Chaqueta.

Functional Response of Tumor Vasculature to PaCO2: Determination of Total and Microvascular Blood Volume by MRI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Scott D. Packard

2003-07-01

Full Text Available In order to identify differences in functional activity, we compared the reactivity of glioma vasculature and the native cerebral vasculature to both dilate and constrict in response to altered PaCO2. Gliomas were generated by unilateral implantation of U87MGdEGFR human glioma tumor cells into the striatum of adult female athymic rats. Relative changes in total and microvascular cerebral blood volume were determined by steady state contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for transitions from normocarbia to hypercarbia and hypocarbia. Although hypercarbia induced a significant increase in both total and microvascular blood volume in normal brain and glioma, reactivity of glioma vasculature was significantly blunted in comparison to normal striatum; glioma total CBV increased by 0.6±0.1%/mm Hg CO2 whereas normal striatum increased by 1.5±0.2%/mm Hg CO2, (P < .0001, group t-test. Reactivity of microvascular blood volume was also significantly blunted. In contrast, hypocarbia decreased both total and microvascular blood volumes more in glioma than in normal striatum. These results indicate that cerebral blood vessels derived by tumor-directed angiogenesis do retain reactivity to CO2. Furthermore, reduced reactivity of tumor vessels to a single physiological perturbation, such as hypercarbia, should not be construed as a generalized reduction of functional activity of the tumor vascular bed.

Isolation and characterization of antigen-specific alpaca (Lama pacos) VHH antibodies by biopanning followed by high-throughput sequencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyazaki, Nobuo; Kiyose, Norihiko; Akazawa, Yoko; Takashima, Mizuki; Hagihara, Yosihisa; Inoue, Naokazu; Matsuda, Tomonari; Ogawa, Ryu; Inoue, Seiya; Ito, Yuji

2015-09-01

The antigen-binding domain of camelid dimeric heavy chain antibodies, known as VHH or Nanobody, has much potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. To establish the isolation process of antigen-specific VHH, a VHH phage library was constructed with a diversity of 8.4 × 10(7) from cDNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an alpaca (Lama pacos) immunized with a fragment of IZUMO1 (IZUMO1PFF) as a model antigen. By conventional biopanning, 13 antigen-specific VHHs were isolated. The amino acid sequences of these VHHs, designated as N-group VHHs, were very similar to each other (>93% identity). To find more diverse antibodies, we performed high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of VHH genes. By comparing the frequencies of each sequence between before and after biopanning, we found the sequences whose frequencies were increased by biopanning. The top 100 sequences of them were supplied for phylogenic tree analysis. In total 75% of them belonged to N-group VHHs, but the other were phylogenically apart from N-group VHHs (Non N-group). Two of three VHHs selected from non N-group VHHs showed sufficient antigen binding ability. These results suggested that biopanning followed by HTS provided a useful method for finding minor and diverse antigen-specific clones that could not be identified by conventional biopanning. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.

Access rules for imports and exports on the French public power transmission network; Regles d'acces au reseau public de transport francais pour des importations et des exportations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-10-01

These rules define the technical, financial and legal conditions applied to imports and/or exports made by the user on the French public power transmission grid (Reseau Public de Transport - RPT), considering the available capacity on interconnections and any particular technical constraints of the European interconnected network, notably in terms of safety: 1 - definitions; 2 - general conditions (scope, participation conditions, user obligations, signature, enforcement and duration of the participation agreement, attachment of transactions to a balance responsible entity, rules modification procedure, access to the information system, financial conditions, guarantee of exchange programmes, transfer of rights and obligations, intellectual property, confidentiality, force majeure, responsibility, termination, notifications and operational exchange procedures, territorial application of the rules, applicable law and language, dispute resolution); 3 - conditions for the application of imports and exports (allocating transmission capacity on interconnections, allocating import capacity, changing a capacity allocation mechanism, the different categories of exchange programmes, standard programmes, weekly programmes, daily programmes, nominations in the event of a failure in the information system, information published by RTE); 4 - conditions for the application of intra-day transactions (intra-day transaction requests, processing intra-day transaction requests, modification of an intra-day transactions programme). 16 models of correspondence documents are given in appendixes.

The Nature of the Phonon Spectrum and the Analysis of Lattice Thermal Conductivity; Nature du Spectre des Phonons et Analyse de la Conductibilite Thermique du Reseau; Kharakter fononnogo spektra i analiz teploprovodnosti reshetki; Naturaleza del Espectro Fononico y Analisis de la Conductividad Termica Reticular

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joshi, S. K.; Sharma, K. C. [Physics Department, Allahabad University, Allahabad (India)

1965-04-15

auteurs presentent les resultats d'une etude sur la conductibilite thermique des reseaux effectuee au moyen d'un spectre de phonons plus precis que le spectre de phonons analogue au modele de Debye, utilise d'ordinaire, qui est constitue par une seule branche acoustique moyenne. Pour calculer les variations en fonction de la temperature de la conductibilite thermique du reseau du germanium, ils ont utilise tout d'abord un modele anisotrope de dispersion en continu et suivi comme methode une version modifiee de la formulation de Callaway. Pour effectuer la sommation d'integrales complexes sur les frequences du reseau, ils ont applique la methode d'integration a six et trois termes de Houston. On utilise les expressions appropriees des temps de relaxation pour les diffusions a la frontiere et les diffusions dues aux impuretes ainsi que pour le processus normal a trois phonons et le processus Umklapp. Pour le germanium entre 2 et 1000 Degree-Sign K, on obtient une concordance satisfaisante avec les donnees experimentales de Holland et de Slack et Glassbrenner en ajustant les quatre constantes presentes dans les integrales. D'apres des donnees de spectroscopie des neutrons dignes de foi, on sait que le germanium comporte des branches transversales tres dispersees et qu'un modele anisotrope de dispersion en continu en donne aussi une mauvaise representation. Les auteurs ont donc juge bon d'utiliser le modele des couches tres complexes pour la dynamique de reseau du germanium presente pai Cochran. En ajustant les parametres entrant dans la formulation qu'ils ont utilisee pour le calcul de la conductibilite thermique du reseau, ils ont egalement obtenu des resultats concordant avec les donnees experimentales. Ceci leur a donne a penser que la nature du spectre des phonons n'a pas une grande influence sur l'analyse des donnees relatives a la conductibilite thermique du reseau suivant les methodes actuelles, et que le spectre des phonons perd de sa precision en raison de l

The Plateau Experience: Maslow's Unfinished Theory

OpenAIRE

Buckler, Scott

2011-01-01

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a leading psychologist whose hierarchy of needs has resonated throughout various disciplines. The pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy was self-actualisation, characterised by the peak experience. However there are a series of definitional, theoretical and methodological issues related to the hierarchy and self-actualisation. Maslow specifically refuted his own theory, instead suggesting that research should be directed towards self-transcendence as characterised by t...

The Pasadena Aerosol Characterization Observatory (PACO: chemical and physical analysis of the Western Los Angeles basin aerosol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. P. Hersey

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The Pasadena Aerosol Characterization Observatory (PACO represents the first major aerosol characterization experiment centered in the Western/Central Los Angeles Basin. The sampling site, located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, was positioned to sample a continuous afternoon influx of transported urban aerosol with a photochemical age of 1–2 h and generally free from major local contributions. Sampling spanned 5 months during the summer of 2009, which were broken into 3 regimes on the basis of distinct meteorological conditions. Regime I was characterized by a series of low pressure systems, resulting in high humidity and rainy periods with clean conditions. Regime II typified early summer meteorology, with significant morning marine layers and warm, sunny afternoons. Regime III was characterized by hot, dry conditions with little marine layer influence. Regardless of regime, organic aerosol (OA is the most significant constituent of nonrefractory submicron Los Angeles aerosol (42, 43, and 55 % of total submicron mass in regimes I, II, and III, respectively. The overall oxidation state remains relatively constant on timescales of days to weeks (O:C = 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.55 ± 0.05, and 0.48 ± 0.08 during regimes I, II, and III, respectively, with no difference in O:C between morning and afternoon periods. Periods characterized by significant morning marine layer influence followed by photochemically favorable afternoons displayed significantly higher aerosol mass and O:C ratio, suggesting that aqueous processes may be important in the generation of secondary aerosol and oxidized organic aerosol (OOA in Los Angeles. Online analysis of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC indicates that water soluble organic mass (WSOM reaches maxima near 14:00–15:00 local time (LT, but the percentage of AMS organic mass contributed by WSOM remains relatively constant throughout the day. Sulfate and nitrate reside predominantly

Non-invasive Pregnancy Diagnosis from Urine by the Cuboni Reaction and the Barium Chloride Test in Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

Science.gov (United States)

Kubátová, A; Fedorova, T; Skálová, I; Hyniová, L

2016-09-01

The aim of the research was to evaluate two chemical tests for non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine, the Cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test, in donkeys (Equus asinus) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The research was carried out from April 2013 to September 2014. Urine samples were collected on five private Czech farms from 18 jennies and 12 alpaca females. Urine was collected non-invasively into plastic cups fastened on a telescopic rod, at 6-9 week intervals. In total, 60 and 54 urine samples from alpacas and jennies, respectively, were collected. The Cuboni reaction was performed by the State Veterinary Institute Prague. The barium chloride test was done with 5 ml of urine mixed together with 5 ml of 1% barium chloride solution. Results of the Cuboni reaction were strongly influenced by the reproductive status of jennies; the test was 100% successful throughout the second half of pregnancy. However, no relationship was found between the real reproductive status of alpaca females and results of the Cuboni reaction. It was concluded that the barium chloride test is not suitable for pregnancy diagnosis either in donkeys, due to significant influence of season on the results, or in alpacas, because no relationship between results of the test and the reproductive status of alpaca females was found. In conclusion, the Cuboni reaction has potential to become a standard pregnancy diagnostic method in donkeys.

Measuring the energy expenditure and water flux in free-ranging alpacas (Lama pacos) in the peruvian andes using the doubly labelled water technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Riek, Alexander; Van Der Sluijs, Leendert; Gerken, Martina

2007-12-01

Energy expenditure and water flux were measured in free-ranging alpacas Lama pacos, a South American camelid, on natural pastures of the Peruvian Andes (altitude: 4,400 m above sea level). Water influx rate (WIR) was estimated in 16 males (age 2 years, weight 48.5+/-8.6 kg) labelled with 2H. In addition, the field metabolic rate (FMR) was measured in four of these animals labelled with both an oxygen (18O) and a hydrogen (2H) isotope. The WIR averaged 3.62 L H2O/day and the mean total body water 33.1 kg, equal to 68.2% of body weight (BW). The FMR of the four doubly labelled animals was 14.05 MJ/day. New allometric equations were calculated describing the relationships between WIR or FMR and BW, respectively, including published data on ruminants and the present alpaca results. The regression equation indicates that daily WIR scales to a similar metabolic size (kilograms of BW(0.94)) in alpacas than in wild or domesticated ruminants and camelids originating from arid and semiarid habitats. The resulting regression equation for FMR explained over 99% of the variation and corresponded to the function FMR (kilojoules per day)=1079 (kilograms of BW0.668) (n=5, r2=0.995, Palpacas have similar energy expenditures on a metabolic weight basis as other wild ruminants living under harsh climatic conditions.

L'anticipation comme actualisation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mondeme, Chloé

2018-01-01

It is commonly stated that anticipation is a phenomenon that is prior to a given action or situation, both time-wise and logically speaking. In this article, we focus in detail on how anticipation reconfigures the very action being anticipated. By ‘in detail’, we mean through the meticulous...... observation and analysis of ordinary interactions. The corpus is constituted of learning interactions, between dog educator and dogs in formation, in which anticipating an action, notably by assessing it before it happens, contributes in a large part to (re)configure it. This point leads us to develop...

Noninvasive measurement of mean alveolar carbon dioxide tension and Bohr's dead space during tidal breathing.

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Koulouris, N G; Latsi, P; Dimitroulis, J; Jordanoglou, B; Gaga, M; Jordanoglou, J

2001-06-01

The lack of methodology for measuring the alveolar carbon dioxide tension (PA,CO2) has forced investigators to make several assumptions, such as that PA,CO2 is equal to end-tidal (PET,CO2) and arterial CO2 tension (Pa,CO2). The present study measured the mean PA,CO2 and Bohr's dead space ratio (Bohr's dead space/tidal volume (VD,Bohr/VT)) during tidal breathing. The method used is a new, simple and noninvasive technique, based on the analysis of the expired CO2 volume per breath (VCO2) versus the exhaled VT. This curve was analysed in 21 normal, healthy subjects and 35 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients breathing tidally through a mouthpiece apparatus in the sitting position. It is shown that: 1) PA,CO2 is similar to Pa,CO2 in normal subjects, whilst it is significantly lower than Pa,CO2 in COPD patients; 2) PA,CO2 is significantly higher than PET,CO2 in all subjects, especially in COPD patients; 3) VD,Bohr/VT is increased in COPD patients as compared to normal subjects; and 4) VD,Bohr/VT is lower than the "physiological" dead space ratio (VD,phys/VT) in COPD patients. It is concluded that the expired carbon dioxide versus tidal volume curve is a useful tool for research and clinical work, because it permits the noninvasive and accurate measurement of Bohr's dead space and mean alveolar carbon dioxide tension accurately during spontaneous breathing.

Sarcocystis masoni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), and redescription of Sarcocystis aucheniae from llama (Lama glama), guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos).

Science.gov (United States)

Moré, Gastón; Regensburger, Cristian; Gos, M Laura; Pardini, Lais; Verma, Shiv K; Ctibor, Juliana; Serrano-Martínez, Marcos Enrique; Dubey, Jitender P; Venturini, M Cecilia

2016-04-01

There is considerable confusion concerning the species of Sarcocystis in South American camelids (SAC). Several species names have been used; however, proper descriptions are lacking. In the present paper, we redescribe the macroscopic sarcocyst forming Sarcocystis aucheniae and describe and propose a new name, Sarcocystis masoni for the microscopic sarcocyst forming species. Muscles samples were obtained from llamas (Lama glama) and guanacos (Lama guanicoe) from Argentina and from alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas from Peru. Individual sarcocysts were processed by optical and electron microscopy, and molecular studies. Microscopic sarcocysts of S. masoni were up to 800 µm long and 35-95 µm wide, the sarcocyst wall was 2·5-3·5 µm thick, and had conical to cylindrical villar protrusions (vp) with several microtubules. Each vp had 11 or more rows of knob-like projections. Seven 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained from sarcocysts revealed 95-96% identity with other Sarcocystis spp. sequences reported in the GenBank. Sarcocysts of S. aucheniae were macroscopic, up to 1·2 cm long and surrounded by a dense and laminar 50 µm thick secondary cyst wall. The sarcocyst wall was up to 10 µm thick, and had branched vp, appearing like cauliflower. Comparison of the 11 sequences obtained from individual macroscopic cysts evidenced a 98-99% of sequence homology with other S. aucheniae sequences. In conclusion, 2 morphologically and molecularly different Sarcocystis species, S. masoni (microscopic cysts) and S. aucheniae (macroscopic cysts), were identified affecting different SAC from Argentina and Peru.

The influence of oxygenotherapy on the hypercapnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lazić Zorica

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aim. Oxygen therapy is a necessary therapeutic method in treatment of severe chronic respiratory failure (CRF, especially in phases of acute worsening. Risks which are to be taken into consideration during this therapy are: unpredictable increase of carbon dioxide in blood, carbonarcosis, respiratory acidosis and coma. The aim of this study was to show the influence of oxygen therapy on changes of arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure. Methods. The study included 93 patients in 104 admittances to the hospital due to acute exacerbation of CFR. The majority of the patients (89.4% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, while other causes of respiratory failure were less common. The effect of oxygenation was controlled through measurement of PaO2 and PaCO2 in arterial blood samples. To analyze the influence of oxygen therapy on levels of carbon dioxide, greatest values of change of PaO2 and PaCO2 values from these measurements, including corresponding PaO2 values from the same blood analysis were taken. Results. The obtained results show that oxygen therapy led to the increase of PaO2 but also to the increase of PaCO2. The average increase of PaO2 for the whole group of patients was 2.42 kPa, and the average increase of PaCO2 was 1.69 kPa. There was no correlation between the initial values of PaO2 and PaCO2 and changes of PaCO2 during the oxygen therapy. Also, no correlation between the produced increase in PaO2 and change in PaCO2 during this therapy was found. Conclusion. Controlled oxygen therapy in patients with severe respiratory failure greatly reduces the risk of unwanted increase of PaCO2, but does not exclude it completely. The initial values of PaO2 and PaCO2 are not reliable parameters which could predict the response to oxygen therapy.

[Today's meaning of classical authors of political thinking].

Science.gov (United States)

Weinacht, Paul-Ludwig

2005-01-01

How can classical political authors be actualised? The question is asked in a discipline which is founded in old traditions: the political science. One of its great matters is the history of political ideas. Classic authors are treated in many books, but they are viewed in different perspectives; colleagues do not agree with shining and bad examples. For actualising classic we have to go a methodically reflected way: historic not historicistic, with sensibility for classic and christian norms without dogmatism or scepticism. Searching the permanent problems we try to translate the original concepts of the classic authors carefully in our time. For demonstrating our method of actualising, we choose the French classical author Montesquieu. His famous concept of division of powers is misunderstood as a "liberal" mechanism which works in itself in favour of freedom (such as Kant made work a "natural mechanism" in a people of devils in favour of their legality); in reality Montesquieu acknoledges that constitutional und organisational work cannot stabilise themselves but must be found in social character and in human virtues.

Use of 'ideal' alveolar air equations and corrected end-tidal PCO2 to estimate arterial PCO2 and physiological dead space during exercise in patients with heart failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Iterson, Erik H; Olson, Thomas P

2018-01-01

Arterial CO 2 tension (PaCO 2 ) and physiological dead space (V D ) are not routinely measured during clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Abnormal changes in PaCO 2 accompanied by increased V D directly contribute to impaired exercise ventilatory function in heart failure (HF). Because arterial catheterization is not standard practice during CPET, this study tested the construct validity of PaCO 2 and V D prediction models using 'ideal' alveolar air equations and basic ventilation and gas-exchangegas exchange measurements during CPET in HF. Forty-seven NYHA class II/III HF (LVEF=21±7%; age=55±9years; male=89%; BMI=28±5kg/m 2 ) performed step-wise cycle ergometry CPET to volitional fatigue. Breath-by-breath ventilation and gas exchange were measured continuously. Steady-state PaCO 2 was measured at rest and peak exercise via radial arterial catheterization. Criterion V D was calculated via 'ideal' alveolar equations, whereas PaCO 2 or V D models were based on end-tidal CO 2 tension (P ET CO 2 ), tidal volume (V T ), and/or weight. Criterion measurements of PaCO 2 (38±5 vs. 33±5mmHg, Pgas exchange and ventilatory responses demonstrate acceptable agreement with criterion measurements at peak exercise in HF patients. Routine assessment of PaCO 2 and V D can be used to improve interpretability of exercise ventilatory responses in HF. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Monitoring gaseous exchange: implications for nursing care.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Susan; Wilson, Michael

2002-02-01

The purpose of this study is to examine whether a relationship exists between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2 and PETCO2 respectively) in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), and what the implications it has for nursing care. PaCO2 and PETCO2 are indicators of ventilatory adequacy which is an important aspect of respiratory function. These measures of carbon dioxide tension are obtained via invasive and non-invasive monitoring tools. Measurement of PETCO2 has only recently been introduced into ICUs and its usefulness in these environments is open to debate. A population of 30 intubated patients had 214 simultaneous measurements of PaCO2 and PETCO2 taken over a period of 10 months. The findings indicate that, despite strong significant correlations, PETCO2 cannot be used safely as a substitute for PaCO2 as the arterial/end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient is not constant, nor does capnography provide a consistently reliable indicator of PaCO2.

Arterial Blood Gases, Electrolytes and Metabolic Indices Associated with Hemorrhagic Shock: Inter-and Intrainbred Rat Strain Variation

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-07

resulting in metabolic acidosis and reduced pH (69). Oxygen delivery (DO2) to tissues is deter- mined as the product of cardiac output and oxygen content...67–69). This decrease in PaCO2 is probably due to hyperventilation that occurs as a respiratory compensatory mechanism to neutralize metabolic... acidosis . The longest-lived strain, DA, with the least change in BE, also had the least change in PaCO2 and the highest final PaCO2 concentrations. Although

How Successful is Non-Invasive Ventilation Treatment that is Initiated in the Emergency Department in Cases of COPD Exacerbations with Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure? Can We Predict Treatment Failure?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meltem Çoban Ağca

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Objective: We aimed to investigate the success rate of non-invasive ventilation (NIV in wards and the predictors of failure in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-related acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF. Methods: The was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital between May 2011 and 2013. Patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED because of COPD with AHRF were evaluated; 544 patients who initially received NIV in ED and were transferred to wards were included. Patient characteristics, baseline and follow-up pH values, and partial arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2 values were recorded. Baseline pH values were categorized as severe (pH<7.26, moderate (pH≥7.26–7.30, and mild (pH≥7.30 acidosis. According to the in-hospital outcome, patients were classified in 2 groups: Group 1: home discharge, Group 2: death or intensive care unit transfer. Results: Treatment resulted in success in 477 (88% patients. Albumin levels were significantly low and the mean Charlson index (CI score was significantly high in Group 2. Admission pH and PaCO2 values did not affect the treatment outcome. Patients in Group 2 had higher PaCO2 and lower pH values as well as a lower level of decrease in PaCO2 values within 2 hours of treatment in ED. Similarly, higher PaCO2 and lower pH values at the end of the first day in wards were indicative of NIV failure (p<0.05. Conclusion: The success rate of NIV in wards in cases of AHRF is high. Patients with low albumin levels and higher CI scores have worse response to treatment. pH or PaCO2 values after a few hours of treatment and not the baseline pH or PaCO2 values are better predictors than the baseline pH and PaCO2 values.

Morsleben Disposal Facility for Low- and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ranft, Matthias; Wollrath, Jürgen

2016-01-01

Outlook on Main Thematic Issues to Deal with: 1. Actualisation of geological basic data - (new insights on geological formation, site model, climatic developments, presentation of new developments in R&D); 2. Encompassing sealing - (optimisaiton of material volume, fulfilment of dilatancy and criteria for fluid pressure); 3. Continuation of rock mechanical modelling - (consideration of uncertainties due to site characteristics, dilatancy critetria and criteria for fluid pressure); 4. New planning of sealing and backfilling elements; 5. Encompassing of the concept of proof for safety according to SSK recommendations - (protection targets, probabilities of occurrence, optimisation); 6. Actualisation of post-closure safety assessment (containment capacity, time frame for post-closure safety assessment, uncertainties, scenarios)

CO2 reactivity and brain oxygen pressure monitoring in severe head injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Carmona Suazo, J A; Maas, A I; van den Brink, W A; van Santbrink, H; Steyerberg, E W; Avezaat, C J

2000-09-01

To investigate the effect of hyperventilation on cerebral oxygenation after severe head injury. A prospective, observational study. Neurointensive care unit at a university hospital. A total of 90 patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbrO2) was performed as a measure of cerebral oxygenation. Arterial PCO2 was decreased each day over a 5-day period for 15 mins by increasing minute volume on the ventilator setting to 20% above baseline. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed before and after changing ventilator settings. Multimodality monitoring, including PbrO2, was performed in all patients. Absolute and relative PbrO2/PaCO2 reactivity was calculated. Outcome at 6 months was evaluated according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Effective hyperventilation, defined by a decrease of PaCO2 > or =2 torr (0.27 kPa), was obtained in 218 (84%) of 272 tests performed. Baseline PaCO2 averaged 32.3 +/- 4.5 torr (4.31 +/- 0.60 kPa). Average reduction in PaCO2 was 3.8 +/- 1.7 torr (0.51 +/- 0.23 kPa). PbrO2 decreased by 2.8 +/- 3.7 torr (0.37 +/- 0.49 kPa; p < .001) from a baseline value of 26.5 +/- 11.6 torr (3.53 +/- 1.55 kPa). PbrO2/PaCO2 reactivity was low on day 1 (0.8 +/- 2.3 torr [0.11 +/- 0.31 kPa]), increasing on subsequent days to 6.1 +/- 4.4 torr (0.81 +/- 0.59 kPa) on day 5. PbrO2/PaCO2 reactivity on days 1 and 2 was not related to outcome. In later phases in patients with unfavorable outcome, relative reactivity was increased more markedly, reaching statistical significance on day 5. Increased hyperventilation causes a significant reduction in PbrO2, providing further evidence for possible increased risk of secondary ischemic damage during hyperventilation. The low PbrO2/PaCO2 reactivity on day 1 indicates the decreased responsiveness of cerebral microvascular vessels to PaCO2 changes, caused by generalized vascular narrowing. The increasing PbrO2/PaCO2 reactivity from days 2 to 5 suggests that the risk of

Heterogeneity of cerebral vasoreactivity in preterm infants supported by mechanical ventilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pryds, O.; Greisen, G.; Lou, H.; Friis-Hansen, B.

1989-01-01

The reaction of cerebral blood flow to acute changes in arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) and mean arterial blood pressure was determined in 57 preterm infants supported by mechanical ventilation (mean gestational age 30.1 weeks) during the first 48 hours of life. All infants had normal brain sonograms at the time of the investigation. In each infant, global cerebral blood flow was determined by xenon-133 clearance two to five times within a few hours at different levels of PaCO2. Changes in PaCO2 followed adjustments of the ventilator settings. Arterial oxygen pressure was intended to be kept constant, and mean arterial blood pressure fluctuated spontaneously between measurements. The data were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression, with changes in global cerebral blood flow, PaCO2, mean arterial blood pressure, and postnatal age or intracranial hemorrhage used as variables. In infants with persistently normal brain sonograms, the global cerebral blood flow-carbon dioxide reactivity was markedly lower during the first day of life (mean 11.2% to 11.8%/kPa PaCO2) compared with the second day of life (mean 32.6/kPa PaCO2), and pressure-flow autoregulation was preserved. Similarly, global cerebral blood flow-carbon dioxide reactivity and pressure-flow autoregulation were present in infants in whom mild intracranial hemorrhage developed after the study. In contrast, global cerebral blood flow reactivity to changes in PaCO2 and mean arterial blood pressure was absent in infants in whom ultrasonographic signs of severe intracranial hemorrhage subsequently developed. These infants also had about 20% lower global cerebral blood flow before hemorrhage, in comparison with infants whose sonograms were normal, a finding that suggests functional disturbances of cerebral blood flow regulation

Application of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring via distal gas samples in ventilated neonates.

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Ziying; Yang, Maoying; Lin, Ru; Huang, Wenfang; Wang, Jiangmei; Hu, Zhiyong; Shu, Qiang

2017-08-01

Previous research has suggested correlations between the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2 ) and the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) in mechanically ventilated patients, but both the relationship between P ET CO 2 and PaCO 2 and whether P ET CO 2 accurately reflects PaCO 2 in neonates and infants are still controversial. This study evaluated remote sampling of P ET CO 2 via an epidural catheter within an endotracheal tube to determine the procedure's clinical safety and efficacy in the perioperative management of neonates. Abdominal surgery was performed under general anesthesia in 86 full-term newborns (age 1-30 days, weight 2.55-4.0 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II). The infants were divided into 2 groups (n = 43 each), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas samples were collected either from the conventional position (the proximal end) or a modified position (the distal end) of the epidural catheter. The P ET CO 2 measured with the new method was significantly higher than that measured with the traditional method, and the difference between P ET CO 2 and PaCO 2 was also reduced. The accuracy of P ET CO 2 measured increased from 78.7% to 91.5% when the modified sampling method was used. The moderate correlation between P ET CO 2 and PaCO 2 by traditional measurement was 0.596, which significantly increased to 0.960 in the modified sampling group. Thus, the P ET CO 2 value was closer to that of PaCO 2 . P ET CO 2 detected via modified carbon dioxide monitoring had a better accuracy and correlation with PaCO 2 in neonates. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Anaesthesia for laparoscopic nephrectomy: Does end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement correlate with arterial carbon dioxide measurement?

Science.gov (United States)

Jayan, Nithin; Jacob, Jaya Susan; Mathew, Mohan

2018-04-01

Not many studies have explored the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO 2 ) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO 2 ) in surgeries requiring pneumoperitoneum of more than 1 hour duration with the patient in non-supine position. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation of ETCO 2 with PaCO 2 in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy under general anaesthesia. A descriptive study was performed in thirty patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy from September 2014 to August 2015. The haemodynamic parameters, minute ventilation, PaCO 2 and ETCO 2 measured at three predetermined points during the procedure were analysed. Correlation was checked using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis of the values showed a positive correlation between ETCO 2 and PaCO 2 ( P < 0.05). Following carbon dioxide insufflation, both ETCO 2 and PaCO 2 increased by 5.4 and 6.63 mmHg, respectively, at the end of the 1 st hour. The PaCO 2 -ETCO 2 gradient was found to increase during the 1 st hour following insufflation (4.07 ± 2.05 mmHg); it returned to the pre-insufflation values in another hour (2.93 ± 1.43 mmHg). Continuous ETCO 2 monitoring is a reliable indicator of the trend in arterial CO 2 fluctuations in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades 1 and 2 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy under general anaesthesia.

[Correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide in ventilated newborns].

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Jin-Xing; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Huang, Hui-Jun; Yu, Zhen-Zhu; Yang, Hui; He, Liu-Fang

2014-05-01

To study the correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in ventilated newborns. Thirty-one ventilated newborn underwent mainstream PetCO2 monitoring; meanwhile, arterial blood gas analysis was performed. The correlation and consistency between PetCO2 and PaCO2 were assessed. A total of 85 end-tidal and arterial CO2 pairs were obtained from 31 ventilated newborns. The mean PetCO2 (41±10 mm Hg) was significantly lower than the corresponding mean PaCO2 (46±11 mm Hg) (Plimits of consistency, -3.3 to 13.6 mmHg), and 5% (4/85) of the points were beyond the 95%CI. When the oxygenation index (OI) was less than 300 mm Hg (n=48), there was a significant positive correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 (r=0.85, Plimits of consistency, -2.6 to 14.5 mm Hg), and 4.2% (2/48) of the points were beyond the 95%CI. When the OI was more than 300 mm Hg (n=37), there was also a significant positive correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 (r=0.91, Plimits of consistency, -3.9 to 12.1 mm Hg), and 5% (2/37) of the points were beyond the 95%CI. There is a good correlation and consistency between PetCO2 and PaCO2 in ventilated newborns.

Progreen online engineering diploma in the Middle East: assessment of the educational experience

Science.gov (United States)

Baytiyeh, Hoda

2018-03-01

Little is known about the status of online learning in the Middle East. This study investigates educational experiences of engineers enrolled in the new joint online ProGreen diploma programme offered by three universities, two in Lebanon and one in Egypt. Forty-eight working engineers responded to an online survey based on the three components of the community of inquiry model: social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors: sense of belonging, self-directedness, self-actualisation, interaction, and instructional guidance. The findings showed that sense of belonging was the factor engineers rated highest but it did not correlate with instructional guidance. However, instructional guidance highly correlated with self-directedness and self-actualisation.

Effects of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on myocardial blood flow and metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Kazmaier, S; Weyland, A; Buhre, W; Stephan, H; Rieke, H; Filoda, K; Sonntag, H

1998-10-01

Variation of the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) is not uncommon in anesthetic practice. However, little is known about the myocardial consequences of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of variation in PaCO2 on myocardial blood flow (MBF), metabolism, and systemic hemodynamics in patients before elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In 10 male anesthetized patients, measurements of MBF, myocardial contractility, metabolism, and systemic hemodynamics were made in a randomized sequence at PaCO2 levels of 30, 40, and 50 mmHg, respectively. The MBF was measured using the Kety-Schmidt technique with argon as a tracer. End-diastolic left ventricular pressure and the maximal increase of left ventricular pressure were assessed using a manometer-tipped catheter. The cardiac index significantly changed with varying PaCO2 levels (hypocapnia, - 9%; hypercapnia, 13%). This reaction was associated with inverse changes in systemic vascular resistance index levels. The MBF significantly increased by 15% during hypercapnia, whereas no change was found during hypocapnia. Myocardial oxygen and glucose uptake and the maximal increase of left ventricular pressure were not affected by varying PaCO2 levels. In anesthetized patients with coronary artery disease, short-term variations in PaCO2 have significant effects on MBF but do not influence global myocardial oxygen and glucose uptake. Changes in systemic hemodynamics associated with respiratory alkalosis and acidosis are caused by changes in systemic vascular resistance rather than by alterations in myocardial contractility.

Model checking process algebra of communicating resources for real-time systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boudjadar, Jalil; Kim, Jin Hyun; Larsen, Kim Guldstrand

2014-01-01

This paper presents a new process algebra, called PACoR, for real-time systems which deals with resource- constrained timed behavior as an improved version of the ACSR algebra. We define PACoR as a Process Algebra of Communicating Resources which allows to explicitly express preemptiveness...

Facial immersion in cold water enhances cerebral blood velocity during breath-hold exercise in humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Kjeld, Thomas; Pott, Frank C; Secher, Niels H

2009-04-01

The diving response is initiated by apnea and facial immersion in cold water and includes, besides bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, while cerebral perfusion may be enhanced. This study evaluated whether facial immersion in 10 degrees C water has an independent influence on cerebral perfusion evaluated as the middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MCA V(mean)) during exercise in nine male subjects. At rest, a breath hold of maximum duration increased the arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa(CO(2))) from 4.2 to 6.7 kPa and MCA V(mean) from 37 to 103 cm/s (mean; approximately 178%; P breath hold increased Pa(CO(2)) from 5.9 to 8.2 kPa (P breath hold diverts blood toward the brain with a >100% increase in MCA V(mean), largely because Pa(CO(2)) increases, but the increase in MCA V(mean) becomes larger when combined with facial immersion in cold water independent of Pa(CO(2)).

Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in normotensive and hypertensive man

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tominaga, S; Strandgaard, S; Uemura, K

1976-01-01

Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 inhalation and voluntary hyperventilation was studied in seven normotensive subjects and nine hypertensive patients without clinical or angiographical signs of arteriosclerosis. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the intracarotid 133Xe clearance method...... and calculated as the initial slope index. Three to five CBF measurements were made in each patient in the PaCO2 range of 20 to 55 mm Hg. No difference was observed in reactivity between hypertensive and normotensive patients, either during CO2 inhalation or during hyperventilation. The shape of the CBF:PaCO2...... curve suggested a decrease in reactivity below a PaCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg in both groups. Above a PaCO2 of 35 mm Hg, exponential regression analysis yielded a mean reactivity of 6 +/- 2%, whereas below a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg it was about 2%. The rise in CBF during CO2 inhalation was not influenced...

Botanical Composition of Alpaca (Lama pacos Linn. Diet in a Central Mediterranean Range of Chile Composición Botánica de la Dieta de Alpaca (Lama pacos Linn. en un Pastizal del Secano Mediterráneo de la Zona Central de Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G Castellaro

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The re-introduction of domestic South American camelids (alpacas and llamas in the central zone of Chile makes it necessary to study their behaviour and adaptability. Since it is fundamental to characterize the camelid’s diet, the present work had as an objective the determination of the plant species selected by the alpacas (Lama pacos Linn. in different phenological stages (vegetative, reproductive and dry season. The study was carried out over three years in a paddock of 2.5 ha of sparse shrubland dominated by Acacia caven (Mol. Mol. and annual species in the herbaceous stratum, which were continually grazed by five male alpacas. The botanical composition and the forage dry matter available for grazing in the pasture was evaluated. Botanical composition of diets was estimated with the microhistological technique, using dung samples collected directly from the rectum. During the vegetative season, the most consumed plant species were annual and perennial grasses. In the reproductive season, the most important components of the diet were woody plant species, annual grasses and forbs. In the dry season, the diet was composed of a high percentage of woody plant species.La reintroducción de camélidos sudamericanos domésticos (alpaca y llamas en la zona central de Chile, hace necesario estudiar su comportamiento y adaptabilidad. En este contexto, la caracterización de la dieta es fundamental. Por ello, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las especies vegetales seleccionadas por las alpacas en diferentes etapas fenológicas del pastizal (vegetativo, reproductivo y seco. El estudio se realizó durante tres temporadas en un potrero de 2,5 ha ocupado por un matorral claro dominado por Acacia caven (Mol. Mol. y especies anuales en el estrato herbáceo, las cuales fueron pastoreadas continuamente por cinco alpacas macho. En la pradera se evaluó la composición botánica y la disponibilidad de la materia seca bajo pastoreo. La

Understanding the role that Quality of Work Life of food and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Work Life plays in the perceived service delivery and productivity of food and beverage ... that job, creativity and aesthetics, actualisation, organisational support and employee commitment attributes each exert an influence on the perceived ...

Comparison of the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin on the hypercapnic cerebral blood flow increase in rats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Qian; Pelligrino, D A; Paulson, O B

1994-01-01

The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOLAG), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, on the rise in cerebral blood flow (CBF) accompanying increasing levels of hypercapnia (paCO2 = 40-135 mmHg) were studied in anesthetized rats. CBF...... with additional step increase in paCO2. Intracarotid infusion of 7.5 mg/kg NOLAG significantly attenuated the CO2-elicited CBF increase by about 45-65% at paCO2 values below 115 mmHg. Beyond this level, there was a lesser inhibition of about 27-35%. 30 mg/kg NOLAG had essentially the same effect as 7.5 mg....../kg NOLAG. 50 mg/kg NOLAG, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice daily for 4 days, also caused an attenuated CBF response to CO2, but the inhibitory effect was significantly less than with acute NOLAG administration in the paCO2 range of 61-90 mmHg. Infusion of L-arginine, 1 g/kg/h, prevented the effect of 7...

Long term high flow humidified oxygen treatment in COPD – effect on blood gases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Storgaard, Line; Weinreich, Ulla; Hockey, Hans

2017-01-01

.Aim: To investigate the treatment effect on arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2 and SaO2) in patients with resting hypoxemia over 12 months.Method: In this prospective, randomized controlled, one-year study, 200 COPD patients treated with LTOT, all GOLD class 4, were randomized to NHF (n=100) or usual care (n=100......) between March 2013 and June 2015.Results: The groups are comparable in average days in study, age, gender, smoking status, pack years, BMI, FEV1%, 6 minutes walking test, administered oxygen (L/min), PaO2 PaCO2 and Sa02 at baseline and number of exacerbations and admissions one year prior to study start....... Treated with a mean NHF-flow of 20 L/min, no significant difference was seen in PaO2 or SaO2 over the study, but a significantly different change in PaCO2 was seen after 6 months (p<0.05) and after 12 months (p<0.01) in favor of patients treated with NHF. Increase in PaCO<2 was approximately 0...

End-inspiratory rebreathing reduces the end-tidal to arterial PCO2 gradient in mechanically ventilated pigs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fierstra, Jorn; Machina, Matthew; Battisti-Charbonney, Anne; Duffin, James; Fisher, Joseph Arnold; Minkovich, Leonid

Noninvasive monitoring of the arterial partial pressures of CO2 (PaCO2) of critically ill patients by measuring their end-tidal partial pressures of CO2 (PetCO(2)) would be of great clinical value. However, the gradient between PetCO(2) and PaCO2 (Pet-aCO(2)) in such patients typically varies over a

Exaggerated compensatory response to acute respiratory alkalosis in panic disorder is induced by increased lactic acid production.

Science.gov (United States)

Ueda, Yoshiyasu; Aizawa, Masayo; Takahashi, Atsushi; Fujii, Masamitsu; Isaka, Yoshitaka

2009-03-01

In acute respiratory alkalosis, the severity of alkalaemia is ameliorated by a decrease in plasma [HCO(3)(-)] of 0.2 mEq/L for each 1 mmHg decrease in PaCO(2). Although hyperventilation in panic disorder patients is frequently encountered in outpatients, the drop in plasma [HCO(3)(-)] sometimes surpasses the expectation calculated from the above formula. The quantitative relationship between reduced PaCO(2) and plasma [HCO(3)(-)] in acute respiratory alkalosis has not been studied in panic disorder patients. Our objective was to provide reference data for the compensatory metabolic changes in acute respiratory alkalosis in panic disorder patients. In 34 panic disorder patients with hyperventilation attacks, we measured arterial pH, PaCO(2), plasma [HCO(3)(-)] and lactate on arrival at the emergency room. For each decrease of 1 mmHg in PaCO(2), plasma [HCO(3)(-)] decreased by 0.41 mEq/L. During hypocapnia, panic disorder patients exhibited larger increases in serum lactate levels (mean +/- SD; 2.59 +/- 1.50 mmol/L, range; 0.78-7.78 mmol/L) than previously reported in non-panic disorder subjects. Plasma lactate accumulation was correlated with PaCO(2) (P respiratory alkalosis is exaggerated by increased lactic acid production in panic disorder patients. Here, we call attention to the diagnosis of acid-base derangements by means of plasma [HCO(3)(-)] and lactate concentration in panic disorder patients.

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

apparition de crises .... 509. PubMed | Google Scholar. 3. Kienlen J. Infections à pyocyaniques en réanimation. Conférences d'actualisation. 1998 ; 551-567. Google Scholar. 4. Lambert PA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in.

'Candidatus mycoplasma haemodidelphidis' sp. nov., 'Candidatus mycoplasma haemolamae' sp. nov. and Mycoplasma haemocanis comb. nov., haemotrophic parasites from a naturally infected opossum (Didelphis virginiana), alpaca (Lama pacos) and dog (Canis familiaris): phylogenetic and secondary structural relatedness of their 16S rRNA genes to other mycoplasmas.

Science.gov (United States)

Messick, Joanne B; Walker, Pamela G; Raphael, William; Berent, Linda; Shi, Xun

2002-05-01

The 16S rRNA sequence of newly characterized haemotrophic bacteria in an opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and alpaca (Lama pacos) was determined. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequence of a haemotrophic parasite in the dog (Canis familiaris) was determined. Sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis as well as secondary structural similarity and signature nucleotide sequence motifs of their 16S rRNA genes, positioned these organisms in the genus Mycoplasma. The highest scoring sequence similarities were 16S rRNA genes from haemotrophic mycoplasma species (Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon spp.). However, the lack of several higher-order structural idiosyncrasies used to define the pneumoniae group, suggests that these organisms and related haemotrophic mycoplasmas represent a new group of mycoplasmas. It is recommended that the organisms be named 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphidis', 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae' and Mycoplasma haemocanis comb. nov., to provide some indication of the target cell and host species of these parasites, and to reflect their phylogenetic affiliation.

Neutron density decay constant in a non-multiplying lattice of finite size; Constante de decroissance de la densite neutronique dans un reseau non-multiplicateur de dimensions finies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deniz, V C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

This report presents a general theory, using the integral transport method, for obtaining the neutron density decay constant in a finite non-multiplying lattice. The theory is applied to obtain the expression for the diffusion coefficient. The case of a homogeneous medium with 1/v absorption and of finite size in all directions is treated in detail, assuming an isotropic scattering law. The decay constant is obtained up to the B{sup 6} term. The expressions for the diffusion coefficient and for the diffusion cooling coefficient are the same as those obtained for a slab geometry by Nelkin, using the expansion in spherical harmonics of the Fourier transform in the spatial variable. Furthermore, explicit forms are obtained for the flux and the current. It is shown that the deviation of the actual flux from a Maxwellian is the flux generated in the medium, extended to infinity and deprived of its absorbing power, by various sources, each of which has a zero integral over all velocities. The study of the current permits the generalization of Fick's law. An independent integral method, valid for homogeneous media, is also presented. (author) [French] Ce rapport presente une theorie generale, par methode integrale du transport, pour determiner la constante de decroissance de la densite neutronique dans un reseau non-multiplicateur de dimensions finies. La theorie est appliquee pour obtenir l'expression du coefficient de diffusion. Le cas d'un milieu homogene avec absorption en 1/v et de dimensions finies dans toutes les directions est etudie en detail, en admettant une loi de choc isotrope. La constante de decroissance est obtenue jusqu'au terme en B{sup 6}. Les expressions pour le coefficient de diffusion et pour le coefficient de refroidissement par diffusion sont les memes que celles obtenues pour une geometrie 'plaque' par NELKIN qui utilise le developpement en harmoniques spheriques de la transformee de Fourier dans la variable d'espace. De plus, on obtient les

The analyst's participation in the analytic process.

Science.gov (United States)

Levine, H B

1994-08-01

The analyst's moment-to-moment participation in the analytic process is inevitably and simultaneously determined by at least three sets of considerations. These are: (1) the application of proper analytic technique; (2) the analyst's personally-motivated responses to the patient and/or the analysis; (3) the analyst's use of him or herself to actualise, via fantasy, feeling or action, some aspect of the patient's conflicts, fantasies or internal object relationships. This formulation has relevance to our view of actualisation and enactment in the analytic process and to our understanding of a series of related issues that are fundamental to our theory of technique. These include the dialectical relationships that exist between insight and action, interpretation and suggestion, empathy and countertransference, and abstinence and gratification. In raising these issues, I do not seek to encourage or endorse wild analysis, the attempt to supply patients with 'corrective emotional experiences' or a rationalisation for acting out one's countertransferences. Rather, it is my hope that if we can better appreciate and describe these important dimensions of the analytic encounter, we can be better prepared to recognise, understand and interpret the continual streams of actualisation and enactment that are embedded in the analytic process. A deeper appreciation of the nature of the analyst's participation in the analytic process and the dimensions of the analytic process to which that participation gives rise may offer us a limited, although important, safeguard against analytic impasse.

Renal acidification responses to respiratory acid-base disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Madias, Nicolaos E

2010-01-01

Respiratory acid-base disorders are those abnormalities in acid-base equilibrium that are expressed as primary changes in the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). An increase in PaCO2 (hypercapnia) acidifies body fluids and initiates the acid-base disturbance known as respiratory acidosis. By contrast, a decrease in PaCO2 (hypocapnia) alkalinizes body fluids and initiates the acid-base disturbance known as respiratory alkalosis. The impact on systemic acidity of these primary changes in PaCO2 is ameliorated by secondary, directional changes in plasma [HCO3¯] that occur in 2 stages. Acutely, hypercapnia or hypocapnia yields relatively small changes in plasma [HCO3¯] that originate virtually exclusively from titration of the body's nonbicarbonate buffers. During sustained hypercapnia or hypocapnia, much larger changes in plasma [HCO3¯] occur that reflect adjustments in renal acidification mechanisms. Consequently, the deviation of systemic acidity from normal is smaller in the chronic forms of these disorders. Here we provide an overview of the renal acidification responses to respiratory acid-base disorders. We also identify gaps in knowledge that require further research.

Respiratory acidosis prolongs, while alkalosis shortens, the duration and recovery time of vecuronium in humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamauchi, Masanori; Takahashi, Hiromi; Iwasaki, Hiroshi; Namiki, Akiyoshi

2002-03-01

To determine the effects of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis by mechanical ventilation on the onset, duration, and recovery times of vecuronium. Randomized, prospective study. Operating rooms in the Sapporo Medical University Hospital and Kitami Red Cross Hospital. 90 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups by arterial carbon dioxide tension level (PaCO2; mmHg) after induction: hyperventilation group (PaCO2 = 25-35), normoventilation group (PaCO2 = 35-45), and hypoventilation group (PaCO2 = 45-55). Anesthesia was maintained by spinal block with inhalation of 50% to 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen and intermittent intravenous administration of fentanyl and midazolam with tracheal intubation. After vecuronium 0.08 mg/kg was given, onset, duration, and recovery time were measured by mechanomyography (Biometer Myograph 2,000, Odense, Denmark). There were significant differences in the duration and recovery time of vecuronium among the normoventilation group (12.7 +/- 3.3 min and 11.8 +/- 2.8 min, respectively), the hyperventilation group (10.6 +/- 3.5 min and 9.2 +/- 2.7 min, respectively; p respiratory acidosis and shortened in respiratory alkalosis.

Adapting fishing policies to address climate change in West Africa ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2011-04-21

Apr 21, 2011 ... ... French acronym APPECCAO) aims to integrate an improved understanding of climate change's ... The project builds on two existing regional structures: ENDA's West African Fisheries Policy Network (Reseau sur les ... policies, including those coordinated by the New Partnership for Africa's Development, ...

Influência da insuflação de gás traqueal sobre a capnografia de pacientes anestesiados Influencia de la insuflación de gas traqueal sobre la capnografía de pacientes anestesiados Influence of tracheal gas insufflation during capnography in anesthetized patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Ortiz

2008-10-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A insuflação de gás traqueal (TGI - Tracheal Gas Insufflation é uma técnica que consiste em injetar gás na traquéia (geralmente oxigênio. É usada em pacientes portadores de síndrome da angústia respiratória do adulto para reduzir a capnometria. Em Anestesiologia, a redução da capnometria pode ser útil, mas não existem estudos sobre a redução da capnometria com o uso da TGI. O presente estudo avaliou as alterações proporcionadas pela TGI sobre a capnografia em pacientes anestesiados. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 11 pacientes, 18 a 60 anos, ASA I ou II, não-pneumopatas. Após a intubação traqueal foi inserido cateter para TGI a 2 ou 3 cm da carina. Os pacientes foram submetidos à ventilação controlada a volume. Registrou-se a curva de capnografia volumétrica durante 20 minutos e colheu-se amostra sangüínea para medir PaCO2. Após 20 minutos de TGI registrou-se a curva de capnografia e foi colhida nova amostra sangüínea para medir PaCO2. Avaliou-se pressão parcial de CO2 no fim da expiração (P ET CO2 e PaCO2, antes e após TGI. Observou-se curva de capnografia, antes e durante TGI. RESULTADOS: A PaCO2 e P ET CO2 sem TGI foram, respectivamente (média ± desvio-padrão: 33,48 ± 6,81 e 36,91 ± 6,54 mmHg e, após TGI, 33,85 ± 8,31 e 36,55 ± 7,93 mmHg, não havendo diferença estatística entre os valores antes e após TGI, tanto para a PaCO2 quanto para a P ET CO2 (p = 0,65 e 0,82. A curva de capnografia apresentou alterações na fase de expiração do ar alveolar. CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação da TGI não resultou em diminuição da PaCO2 e nem na P ET CO2, porém alterou a morfologia da curva de capnografia.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La insuflación de gas traqueal (TGI - Tracheal Gas Insufflation es una técnica que consiste en inyectar gas en la tráquea (generalmente oxígeno. Se usa en pacientes portadores del síndrome de la angustia respiratoria del adulto para reducir

Eksperimendid ruumis / Toomas Tammis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tammis, Toomas, 1969-

2014-01-01

EKA arhitektuuriteaduskonnas tehakse erialaprojekti kõrval väga erinevaid ruumilisi harjutusi. Esitletud on valik väiksemate töötubade ja kursuste töid: Kineetilise arhitektuuri töötuba "Volditav, klapitav, rullitav, pakitav", 2014 (juhendaja Renee Puusepp); Parameetrilise disaini valikaine, 2011 (juhendaja Raul Kalvo, assistent Kristjan Männigo); Maketistuudio, 2014 (juhendaja Paco Ulman); Eksperimentaalse arhitektuuri problemaatika, 2014 (juhendajad Martin Melioranski ja Paco Ulman)

Capitals Cost and the Investments Actualisation Rate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ion Stancu

2006-02-01

Full Text Available In this article, the author has assumed himself an assignment somehow ostentatious but useful, we believe, naming the one to illustrate by means of figures, the influence of both leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital, cost which will be used in capital budgeting. This synthesis is meant to be a forthcoming approach to a later investigation of the problems raised by the estimation of the cost of capital in the specific conditions of both the financial market in Romania and the quality of the economic-financial information, information available for this estimation. The discount rate for an investment project (kinv with a risk equal to the risk undertaken by the enterprise and financed within the firm’s capital structure itself (having the same leverage is equal to the (weighted average cost of capital in the respective risk class (k. Under these circumstances, it is interesting to find out this opportunity cost of capital invested in a medium-sized enterprise: a with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, all equity financed; b with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, financed both by equity and debt; c with new investments, all equity financed; d with new investments, financed both by equity and debt. Under these conditions, we estimate the effect of both the leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital (kec and kc to be able to determine in the end the discount rate of the analyzed investment (kinv: for enterprises with only maintaining investments (g = 0, unlevered (U and levered (L; for enterprises with growing investments (g > 0, unlevered (U and levered (L.

Capitals Cost and the Investments Actualisation Rate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ion Stancu

2006-04-01

Full Text Available In this article, the author has assumed himself an assignment somehow ostentatious but useful, we believe, naming the one to illustrate by means of figures, the influence of both leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital, cost which will be used in capital budgeting. This synthesis is meant to be a forthcoming approach to a later investigation of the problems raised by the estimation of the cost of capital in the specific conditions of both the financial market in Romania and the quality of the economic-financial information, information available for this estimation. The discount rate for an investment project (kinv with a risk equal to the risk undertaken by the enterprise and financed within the firm’s capital structure itself (having the same leverage is equal to the (weighted average cost of capital in the respective risk class (k. Under these circumstances, it is interesting to find out this opportunity cost of capital invested in a medium-sized enterprise: a with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, all equity financed; b with investments in rebuilding the productive capacity, financed both by equity and debt; c with new investments, all equity financed; d with new investments, financed both by equity and debt. Under these conditions, we estimate the effect of both the leverage and economic growth over the cost of capital (kec and kc to be able to determine in the end the discount rate of the analyzed investment (kinv: for enterprises with only maintaining investments (g = 0, unlevered (U and levered (L; for enterprises with growing investments (g > 0, unlevered (U and levered (L.

Hyperventilation, cerebral perfusion, and syncope

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Immink, R V; Pott, F C; Secher, N H

2014-01-01

dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) partial pressures so that hypercapnia/hypoxia increases and hypocapnia/hyperoxia reduces global cerebral blood flow. Cerebral hypoperfusion and TLOC have been associated with hypocapnia related to HV. Notwithstanding pronounced cerebrovascular effects of PaCO2...... the contribution of a low PaCO2 to the early postural reduction in middle cerebral artery blood velocity is transient. HV together with postural stress does not reduce cerebral perfusion to such an extent that TLOC develops. However when HV is combined with cardiovascular stressors like cold immersion or reduced...... cardiac output brain perfusion becomes jeopardized. Whether, in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or defect, cerebral blood flow cerebral control HV-induced hypocapnia elicits cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to TLOC, remains to be established....

Relations de Dispersion et Diffusion des Glueballs et des Mesons dans la Theorie de Jauge U(1)(2+1) Compacte

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Chaara El Mouez

Nous avons etudie les relations de dispersion et la diffusion des glueballs et des mesons dans le modele U(1)_{2+1} compact. Ce modele a ete souvent utilise comme un simple modele de la chromodynamique quantique (QCD), parce qu'il possede le confinement ainsi que les etats de glueballs. Par contre, sa structure mathematique est beaucoup plus simple que la QCD. Notre methode consiste a diagonaliser l'Hamiltonien de ce modele dans une base appropriee de graphes et sur reseau impulsion, afin de generer les relations de dispersion des glueballs et des mesons. Pour la diffusion, nous avons utilise la methode dependante du temps pour calculer la matrice S et la section efficace de diffusion des glueballs et des mesons. Les divers resultats obtenus semblent etre en accord avec les travaux anterieurs de Hakim, Alessandrini et al., Irving et al., qui eux, utilisent plutot la theorie des perturbations en couplage fort, et travaillent sur un reseau espace-temps.

Problem of Cultural Identity in Modern Kazakhstan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kudaibergen A. Temirgaliev

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The article describes the problems of cultural identity of modern society in a globalising world. The role of culture is actualised in the modern society. This is becoming an increasingly important and multifactorial phenomenon, affecting all the parts of society.

Analysis of the impact of alternative enterprise interventions on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... sustainable and market-driven business development support services. For almost two decades of implementation, the REP has run on policy assumption that, focusing on direct agricultural activities alone cannot produce substantial rural poverty reduction and support the actualisation of the sustainable development ...

Posílení duchovních Církve adventistů sedmého dne jako vůdčích osobností

OpenAIRE

Hrdinka, Daniel

2006-01-01

This work is an attempt to actualise the spiritual role of the pastor nowadays. The author, together with the pastors of the Church of the seventh day Adventists, identifies the different aspects of the spiritual leader's role and its organization, according to priority.

Agreement between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen values obtained by direct arterial blood measurements versus noninvasive methods in conscious healthy and ill foals.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, David M; Alcott, Cody J; Wang, Chong; Bornkamp, Jennifer L; Young, Jessica L; Sponseller, Brett A

2011-11-15

To determine agreement between indirect measurements of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO(2)) and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) with direct measurements of PaCO(2) and calculated saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood (SaO(2)) in conscious healthy and ill foals. Validation study. 10 healthy and 21 ill neonatal foals. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed on healthy and ill foals examined at a veterinary teaching hospital to determine direct measurements of PaCO(2) and PaO(2) along with SaO(2). Concurrently, PetCO(2) was measured with a capnograph inserted into a naris, and SpO(2) was measured with a reflectance probe placed at the base of the tail. Paired values were compared by use of Pearson correlation coefficients, and level of agreement was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. Mean ± SD difference between PaCO(2) and PetCO(2) was 0.1 ± 5.0 mm Hg. There was significant strong correlation (r = 0.779) and good agreement between PaCO(2) and PetCO(2). Mean ± SD difference between SaO(2) and SpO(2) was 2.5 ± 3.5%. There was significant moderate correlation (r = 0.499) and acceptable agreement between SaO(2) and SpO(2). Both PetCO(2) obtained by use of nasal capnography and SpO(2) obtained with a reflectance probe are clinically applicable and accurate indirect methods of estimating and monitoring PaCO(2) and SaO(2) in neonatal foals. Indirect methods should not replace periodic direct measurement of corresponding parameters.

Conference Proceedings of International High Speed Networks for Scientific and Technical Information, Held at Ottawa, Canada on 6-7 October 1993 (Les Reseaux Internationaux Rapides D’Echange D’Information Scientifique et Technique)

Science.gov (United States)

1994-02-01

reseau systtme pour que toutes les commandes soient girkes local Ethernet. dlectroniquement. Trois micro -ordinateurs permettent Ia transmission des...May 1993, ISBN 0.88736-936-7. Networking and the future of the Libraries, April 2-5, 1992. Paper 17. [71 Goodman, D., "El servicio de Directorio de

0057suppl.docx

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Youcef

4 French EPR Federation of Research (REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire (RENARD, Fédération IR-RPE CNRS #3443). Figure S1. (a) Example of TEMPOL EPR spectrum, with highlighted low field peak used for EPR intensity estimation after double integration. (b) Absorption spectrum of Methyl Orange.

Evidence-based playground design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Refshauge, Anne Dahl; Stigsdotter, Ulrika K.; Lamm, Bettina

2015-01-01

, best practice, and the theories of Affordances and Behaviour Settings. A post-occupancy evaluation was carried out through a questionnaire survey and observation studies, which revealed that a majority of the potential evidence-based affordances were actualised, and that the application of the theories...

The role of personal protective factors in anchoring psychological ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erna Kinsey

cents with learning difficulties, who were able to rebound from life's onslaughts, and to continue determinedly along the path of self actualisation. ... whether adolescents with learning difficulties could show resilience, ..... The result is a continuous cycle of spiralling nega .... Psychosocial approaches to health, illness and.

Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Laboratoire d'Etude des Surfaces et Interfaces de la Matière Solide (LESIMS), Université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France; French EPR Federation of Research (REseau NAtional ...

Evaluation of Learning Materials: A Holistic Framework

Science.gov (United States)

Bundsgaard, Jeppe; Hansen, Thomas Illum

2011-01-01

This paper presents a holistic framework for evaluating learning materials and designs for learning. A holistic evaluation comprises investigations of the potential learning potential, the actualised learning potential, and the actual learning. Each aspect is explained and exemplified through theoretical models and definitions. (Contains 3 figures…

articles articles

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The intense psychological, emotional, intellectual and social changes that characterise ... of negative self-perception and self-evaluation, which can result in development of ... that of childhood is actualised in the adolescent period.16-18 It has been ..... divorced parents, and prior to their first employment. Others have.

Information professionalism in a digital age: cutting edge ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The paper contends that the need for developing new professional skills is predicated on the evolving electronic environment. The emerging electronic systems provide better and broader platforms for the actualisation of the professional hallmarks of contact, communication and co-operation. Situated at the frontline or ...

Sobre o cuidado de outros em contextos de pobreza, uso de drogas e marginalização

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Epele

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A coordenação temporária entre a rápida extensão do consumo de Pasta Base/Paco (PB/Paco e a extrema crise econômico-política (2001-2002 na Argentina promoveu profundas modificações nas redes sociais, nas características corporais e nos problemas de saúde das populações marginalizadas. Partindo dos resultados da pesquisa etnográfica em três bairros e favelas da área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, analiso neste trabalho as características e as tensões das práticas e dos saberes localmente categorizados como "cuidado de outros", sendo estes outros, usuários/as de drogas em geral e de PB/Paco. Através da análise dos desenvolvimentos em ciências sociais e antropologia sobre a temática do cuidado nas últimas décadas, neste artigo examino os modos com que tais práticas e saberes expressam os conflitos e os encerramentos gerados pelas tensões entre as tradições locais de cuidado e os modos institucionais de abordar o uso problemático de drogas e de tratar seus/suas usuários/as.The temporary relationship between the rapid spread of freebase cocaine/paco (PB/paco and the extreme political-economic crisis (2001-2002 in Argentina engendered deep changes to the social networks, bodily characteristics and health issues of marginalized populations. The present article is based on ethnographic research that I carried out in three neighborhoods (villas located in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Here, I analyze the characteristics of practices and knowledge locally categorized as "care towards others", specifically drug users and, most specifically, PB/paco users. Taking as my point of departure the problematization of care in the social sciences and anthropology during the last decades, this paper examines the ways in which these practices and knowledge express conflicts and entrapments generated by the tensions between local traditions of care, on the one hand, and institutional strategies orientated to intensive drug use

The effects of arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure and sevoflurane on capillary venous cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation during craniotomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Klein, Klaus Ulrich; Glaser, Martin; Reisch, Robert; Tresch, Achim; Werner, Christian; Engelhard, Kristin

2009-07-01

Intraoperative routine monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation remains a technological challenge. Using the physiological principle of carbon dioxide reactivity of cerebral vasculature, we investigated a recently developed neuromonitoring device (oxygen-to-see, O2C device) for simultaneous measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rvCBF), blood flow velocity (rvVelo), oxygen saturation (srvO2), and hemoglobin amount (rvHb) at the capillary venous level in patients subjected to craniotomy. Twenty-six neurosurgical patients were randomly assigned to anesthesia with 1.4% or 2.0% sevoflurane end-tidal concentration. After craniotomy, a fiberoptic probe was applied on a macroscopically healthy surface of cerebral tissue next to the site of surgery. Simultaneous measurements in 2 and 8 mm cerebral depth were performed in each patient during lower (35 mm Hg) and higher (45 mm Hg) levels (random order) of arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2). The principle of these measurements relies on the combination of laser-Doppler flowmetry (rvCBF, rvVelo) and photo-spectrometry (srvO2, rvHb). Linear models were fitted to test changes of end points (rvCBF, rvVelo, srvO2, rvHb) in response to lower and higher levels of PaCO2, 1.4% and 2.0% sevoflurane end-tidal concentration, and 2 and 8 mm cerebral depth. RvCBF and rvVelo were elevated by PaCO2 independent of sevoflurane concentration in 2 and 8 mm depth of cerebral tissue (P oxygen was decreased by elevated PaCO2. Unchanged levels of rvHb signify that there was no blood loss during measurements. Data suggest that the device allows detection of local changes in blood flow and oxygen saturation in response to different PaCO2 levels in predominant venous cerebral microvessels.

Autonomous Learning for English Acquisition in Blended e-Studies for Adults within the Context of Sustainable Development

Science.gov (United States)

Bojare, Inara

2016-01-01

Personality integration and self-realisation in the global economy and coevolution with multilingual cultural environment of sustainable learning society by means of technologies actualise the paradigm shift in science, and create the necessity for transdisciplinary research to resolve the problem of transformation of the system of values in the…

Gender and Natural Resource Management : Livelihoods, Mobility ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

31 mai 2012 ... Cet ouvrage vient combler ce vide et actualiser le débat. ... Cet ouvrage examine les dimensions sexospécifiques de l'exploitation et de la gestion des ... où l'accès aux ressources et leur contrôle sont en constante évolution.

Performance management: the neglected imperative of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A lack of knowledge and expertise on the IQMS processes such as mentoring, coaching, and monitoring was found to hamper the zeal to implement performance management. Teachers, as co-developers of education policy on the ground, act as a driving force behind the actualisation of transformation in education.

Studie naar de verbrandingsproducten van chemicalien of bestrijdingsmiddelen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Matthijsen AJCM; Laheij GMH en Post JG; LSO

1998-01-01

A literature survey was carried out in the context of actualising the 'Green Book' ('Groene Boek'), on methods for estimating possible ill effects on people and damage to goods from the release of dangerous compounds, to determine how many products are formed from the burning of chemicals and/or

Performance of a digital PCO2/SPO2 ear sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Kocher, Serge; Rohling, Roman; Tschupp, Andres

2004-04-01

For determining the adequacy of ventilation, conventional pulse oximetry should be amended by PaCO2 (= arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure). This study investigates the precision of carbon dioxide measurements of the first digital ear-clip sensor providing continuous non-invasive monitoring of PaCO2, SpO2 (= functional arterial oxygen saturation as estimated with a pulse oximeter) and pulse rate and compares it to two conventional analog oximeters. 30 hypoxemia episodes in 6 adult volunteers were investigated in a standardized protocol. Masimo analog finger sensor, Nellcor analog ear sensor, SenTec digital ear sensor. The difference between PCO2 data (= PaCO2 estimated from the measured PcCO2 based on an algorithm by Severinghaus) (PcCO2 = cutaneous carbon dioxide pressure) and the PaCO2 is clinically unimportant. Therefore, we suggest, the two methods of estimating patient's carbon dioxide status can be used interchangeably. Combined digital SpO2/ PcCO2 ear sensors are very promising to allow for a fast and reliable monitoring of patient's oxygenation, hyper-/hypocapnia and ventilation with one single non-invasive probe. Optimal primary signal processing--amplification and digitalisation within the probe--allow for fast and reliable downstream signal processing algorithms. The resulting short SpO2 response times give the medical staff more time to take appropriate actions.

Elimination of slightly radioactive liquid effluent by dilution. Its consequences (1960); Elimination par dilution d'effluents liquides faiblement radioactifs. Leurs consequences (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bovard, P; Candillon, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

Nuclear centres often have to solve problems raised by the elimination of large volumes of slightly radioactive liquid effluent. As things stand at present, the method usually adopted consists in expelling this effluent into the main water system in order to dilute it to a maximum, and thus to lower its radioactive isotope concentration to below the norms imposed by the Public Health Service. This technique requires systematic checking of the water system and its dependences, and demands a thorough knowledge of adsorption and fixation processes. (author) [French] Les centres nucleaires ont frequemment a resoudre des problemes poses par l'elimination de volumes importants d'effluents liquides faiblement radioactifs. Dans l'etat actuel des choses, la solution la plus utilisee consiste a rejeter ces effluents dans le reseau hydrographique de maniere a les diluer au maximum et abaisser ainsi leurs teneurs en isotopes radioactifs au-dessous des normes imposees par la Sante Publique. Cette technique necessite un controle systematique du reseau et de ses dependances et demande une connaissance approfondie des processus d'adsorption et de fixation. (auteur)

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Gnamey, DK. Vol 7, No 2 (2005): Serie D - Articles Reseau de chiari et cariopathie congenitale chez un enfant. Abstract · Vol 10, No 1 (2008): Serie D - Articles Mutations du gene de la filamine et syndromes malformatifs. Abstract · Vol 11, No 2 (2009): Serie D - Articles Profils épidémiologiques et cliniques des enfants ...

The impact of length of unemployment and perceived organisational ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Finally, based on the findings of this research, it was recommended that since perceived organisational support has been revealed to increase employees socio-emotional needs, employers should care for the well being of their employees as it will be a bonus towards motivating them to be able to actualise the set goals ...

Faith, existence and birth of preterm babies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Christina Prinds

The aim is to explore if becoming a mother preterm of a premature baby, actualises existential and religious issues, and to explore the impact of the considerations in their way of coping. It is thus to shed light on these issues, that can both function as a positive coping-resource and the oppos...

Benefits of team sport for organisations | Joubert | South African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

One thing is certain: work is an important part of our lives. Work adds value to an individual in the form of self-actualisation, security and relationships. The purpose of this research was to explore employees' experiences of the benefits of organisational team sport activities. The qualitative exploration study was conducted ...

An Overview and Comparison of Turkish Public Schools and Private Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Dag, Isa

2015-01-01

Human beings are social in nature and need acquisition and possession of knowledge for self-actualisation. This need can only be fulfilled in educational institutions. Turkish educational system is composed of pre-school, elementary, secondary and higher education. It is now evident that governments alone cannot meet the high demand of information…

Severe hypernatremia and hyperchloremia in an elderly patient with IgG-kappa type

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berend K

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Kenrick BerendSt Elisabeth Hospital, Willemstad, CuraçaoImashuku et al1 describe a 77-year-old male patient with multiple myeloma who was admitted to the hospital after suffering a pelvic bone fracture due to a road traffic accident. Several days after admission the arterial blood gas showed a pH of 7.481; arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2 of 28.2 mmHg; arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 of 84.0 mmHg; HCO3- of 20.8 mmol/L (normal; 23–31 mmol/L; and an anion gap of 8.9 mmol/L (normal;12 mmol/L. These data, as the authors concluded, were suggestive of metabolic acidosis. First, this is not true because a high pH and low PaCO2 confirm a respiratory alkalosis. Since the test was conducted days later we may expect a chronic respiratory alkalosis to be present, perhaps because of pain or a secondary pulmonary problem, as may be expected with a relatively low PaO2. In chronic respiratory alkalosis one would expect the HCO3- to decrease about 4 mmol/L with every 10 mmHg decrease of PaCO2.2 If the initial HCO3- had been about 25 mmol/L, the expected PaCO2 would be about 20.28 mmol/L, almost identical with the patient’s HCO3-.View original paper by Imashuku and colleagues.

Saro Nationalism and the Roots of Elite Political Culture in Nigeria ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

With its size, human and material resources, Nigeria should be the foremost economic and military power in Africa. This is the natural destiny of the country. Unfortunately, Nigeria has failed to actualise its potential. The country remains from all indices a poor country, with over three-quarters of its population living below the ...

The role of personal protective factors in anchoring psychological ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In this article I report on a study that focused on the concept of resilience, in order to determine the nature of personal attributes in adolescents with learning difficulties, who were able to rebound from life's onslaughts, and to continue determinedly along the path of self-actualisation. The personal attributes impacting on the ...

Teachers' Cultural Autobiography as Means of Civic Professional Engagement

Science.gov (United States)

Enache, Mihaela

2018-01-01

This article will present my autobiographical journey: from communism to capitalism, from the banking system and the pedagogy of the oppressed to problem-posing education. My personal experiences are seen as a way of emigrating internally and as part of the struggle through the process of self-actualisation and self-understanding. In effect, the…

Theory of the diffusion coefficient of neutrons in a lattice containing cavities; Theorie du coefficient de diffusion des neutrons dans un reseau comportant des cavites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benoist, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-01-15

vitesse, et on met en evidence de nouveaux termes, dont l'existence entraine que la representation de l'aire de diffusion par le carre moyen de la distance en ligne droite de la source a l'absorption est inexacte dans un reseau. Ces termes sont toutefois d'un ordre de grandeur assez faible pour pouvoir etre traites comme une correction. L'expression generale fait d'autre part apparaitre pour le coefficient radial la serie des termes de correlation angulaire qui s'est revelee tres lentement conrergente pour de grands canaux ; le calcul terme a terme, entrepris dans le premier travail, a alors ete abandonne au profit d'une formulation globale, qui fait apparaitre une ressemblance avec le probleme du facteur d'utilisation thermique. L'emploi d'une methode integrale analogue a celle employee dans le calcul de ce facteur permet d'etablir de nouvelles formules pratiques simples, ne taisant intervenir qu'un petit nombre de fonctions de base. La precision de ces formules est tres bonne, comme le montrent les resultats d'une methode variationnelle etudiee a titre de reference. Divers effets correctifs sont ensuite envisages. On donne etalement des expressions permettant le traitement exact de grappes de barres. Une comparaison de La theorie et de divers resultats experimentaux est presentee, et on propose une nouvelle methode de mesure du coefficient radial. (auteur)

Eyrefield Manor Nursing Home, Church Lane, Greystones, Wicklow.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Gleeson, L

2012-05-01

Definition of Respiratory Failure using PaO2 alone is confounded when patients are commenced on oxygen therapy prior to arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement. Furthermore, classification of Respiratory Failure as Type 1 or Type 2 using PaCO2 alone can give an inaccurate account of events as both types can co-exist. 100 consecutive presentations of acute respiratory distress were assessed initially using PaO2, and subsequently PaO2\\/FiO2 ratio, to diagnose Respiratory Failure. Respiratory Failure cases were classified as Type 1 or Type 2 initially using PaCO2, and subsequently alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient. Any resultant change in management was documented. Of 100 presentations, an additional 16 cases were diagnosed as Respiratory Failure using PaO2\\/FiO2 ratio in place of PaO2 alone (p = 0.0338). Of 57 cases of Respiratory Failure, 22 cases classified as Type 2 using PaCO2 alone were reclassified as Type 1 using A-a gradient (p < 0.001). Of these 22 cases, management changed in 18.

SMART phones and the acute respiratory patient.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Gleeson, L

2012-05-01

Definition of Respiratory Failure using PaO2 alone is confounded when patients are commenced on oxygen therapy prior to arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement. Furthermore, classification of Respiratory Failure as Type 1 or Type 2 using PaCO2 alone can give an inaccurate account of events as both types can co-exist. 100 consecutive presentations of acute respiratory distress were assessed initially using PaO2, and subsequently PaO2\\/FiO2 ratio, to diagnose Respiratory Failure. Respiratory Failure cases were classified as Type 1 or Type 2 initially using PaCO2, and subsequently alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient. Any resultant change in management was documented. Of 100 presentations, an additional 16 cases were diagnosed as Respiratory Failure using PaO2\\/FiO2 ratio in place of PaO2 alone (p = 0.0338). Of 57 cases of Respiratory Failure, 22 cases classified as Type 2 using PaCO2 alone were reclassified as Type 1 using A-a gradient (p < 0.001). Of these 22 cases, management changed in 18.

Implementation of Family Life and HIV/AIDS Education in Nigerian ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Keywords: FLHE implementation, reproductive health, young people, youth corpers, sexual attitude. Résumé. Cette étude a utilisé des données provenant des groupes de discussion à cible et des entrevues en profondeur entre élèves et enseignants des écoles secondaires afin d'examiner la portée, l'actualisation et la ...

Overcoming Social Pathologies in Education: On the Concept of Respect in R. S. Peters and Axel Honneth

Science.gov (United States)

Stojanov, Krassimir

2009-01-01

The concept of respect plays a central role in several recent attempts to re-actualise the programme of a critical social theory. In Axel Honneth's most prominent version of that concept, respect is closely tied to the sphere of law, and it is limited to the recognition of a Kantian-type moral autonomy of the individual. So interpreted, the…

Physiological dead space and arterial carbon dioxide contributions to exercise ventilatory inefficiency in patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction heart failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Iterson, Erik H; Johnson, Bruce D; Borlaug, Barry A; Olson, Thomas P

2017-12-01

Patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction demonstrate an increased ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (V̇ E /V̇CO 2 ) slope. The physiological correlates of the V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope remain unclear in the two HF phenotypes. We hypothesized that changes in the physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (V D /V T ) and arterial CO 2 tension (PaCO 2 ) differentially contribute to the V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope in HFrEF vs. HFpEF. Adults with HFrEF (n = 32) and HFpEF (n = 27) [mean ± standard deviation (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction: 22 ± 7% and 61 ± 9%, respectively; mean ± SD body mass index: 28 ± 4 kg/m 2 and 33 ± 6 kg/m 2 , respectively; P breath-by-breath ventilation and gas exchange measurements. PaCO 2 was measured via radial arterial catheterization. We calculated the V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope via linear regression, and V D /V T  = 1 - [(863 × V̇CO 2 )/(V̇ E  × PaCO 2 )]. Resting V D /V T (0.48 ± 0.08 vs. 0.41 ± 0.11; P = 0.04), but not PaCO 2 (38 ± 5 mmHg vs. 40 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.21) differed between HFrEF and HFpEF. Peak exercise V D /V T (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.32 ± 0.12; P = 0.02) and PaCO 2 (33 ± 6 mmHg vs. 38 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.01) differed between HFrEF and HFpEF. The V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope was higher in HFrEF compared with HFpEF (44 ± 11 vs. 35 ± 8; P < 0.01). Variance associated with the V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope in HFrEF and HFpEF was explained by peak exercise V D /V T (R 2  = 0.30 and R 2  = 0.50, respectively) and PaCO 2 (R 2  = 0.64 and R 2  = 0.28, respectively), but the relative contributions of each differed (all P < 0.01). Relationships between the V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope and both V D /V T and PaCO 2 are robust, but differ between HFpEF and HFrEF. Increasing V̇ E /V̇CO 2 slope appears to be strongly explained by mechanisms influential in

Evaluation of the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during anesthesia with isoflurane in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).

Science.gov (United States)

Hawkins, Michelle G; Malka, Shachar; Pascoe, Peter J; Solano, Adrian M; Kass, Philip H; Ohmura, Hajime; Jones, James H

2013-01-01

To evaluate the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during isoflurane anesthesia in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). 6 adult 1.1- to 1.6-kg red-tailed hawks. A randomized, crossover study was used to evaluate changes in respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, heart rate, mean arterial and indirect blood pressures, and end-tidal Pco(2) measured every 5 minutes plus Paco(2) and Pao(2) and arterial pH measured every 15 minutes throughout a 75-minute study period. Respiratory rate was higher, tidal volume lower, and minute ventilation not different in lateral versus dorsal recumbency. Position did not affect heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, or indirect blood pressure, although heart rate decreased during the anesthetic period. Birds hypoventilated in both positions and Paco(2) differed with time and position × time interaction. The Petco(2) position × time interaction was significant and Petco(2) was a mean of 7 Torr higher than Paco(2). The Paco(2) in dorsal recumbency was a mean of 32 Torr higher than in lateral recumbency. Birds in both positions developed respiratory acidosis. Differences in tidal volume with similar minute ventilation suggested red-tailed hawks in dorsal recumbency might have lower dead space ventilation. Despite similar minute ventilation in both positions, birds in dorsal recumbency hypoventilated more yet maintained higher Pao(2), suggesting parabronchial ventilatory or pulmonary blood flow distribution changes with position. The results refute the hypothesis that dorsal recumbency compromises ventilation and O(2) transport more than lateral recumbency in red-tailed hawks.

Variations in alveolar partial pressure for carbon dioxide and oxygen have additive not synergistic acute effects on human pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Science.gov (United States)

Croft, Quentin P P; Formenti, Federico; Talbot, Nick P; Lunn, Daniel; Robbins, Peter A; Dorrington, Keith L

2013-01-01

The human pulmonary vasculature constricts in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, with important consequences for homeostasis and adaptation. One function of these responses is to direct blood flow away from poorly-ventilated regions of the lung. In humans it is not known whether the stimuli of hypercapnia and hypoxia constrict the pulmonary blood vessels independently of each other or whether they act synergistically, such that the combination of hypercapnia and hypoxia is more effective than the sum of the responses to each stimulus on its own. We independently controlled the alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide (Paco 2) and oxygen (Pao 2) to examine their possible interaction on human pulmonary vasoconstriction. Nine volunteers each experienced sixteen possible combinations of four levels of Paco 2 (+6, +1, -4 and -9 mmHg, relative to baseline) with four levels of Pao 2 (175, 100, 75 and 50 mmHg). During each of these sixteen protocols Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac output and systolic tricuspid pressure gradient, an index of pulmonary vasoconstriction. The degree of constriction varied linearly with both Paco 2 and the calculated haemoglobin oxygen desaturation (1-So2). Mixed effects modelling delivered coefficients defining the interdependence of cardiac output, systolic tricuspid pressure gradient, ventilation, Paco 2 and So2. No interaction was observed in the effects on pulmonary vasoconstriction of carbon dioxide and oxygen (p>0.64). Direct effects of the alveolar gases on systolic tricuspid pressure gradient greatly exceeded indirect effects arising from concurrent changes in cardiac output.

Measurement of the thermal utilisation factor of the reactor G1; Mesure du facteur d'utilisation thermique du reacteur G1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roullier, F; Schmitt, A P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

The thermal utilisation factor of the lattice of the reactor G1 has been measured by applying the autoradiographic technique to thin detectors irradiated in the cell. The experimental apparatus is described, and the results compared with those obtained by calculation based on various formulae. The results of the study of the thermal flux distribution in a cell containing a thorium rod of the same diameter as the uranium rods in the lattice are also given. The precision of the measurements is discussed. Value found: f diameter 26 = 0.8949 {+-} 0,005. (author) [French] Le facteur d'utilisation thermique du reseau du reacteur G1 a ete mesure en appliquant la technique de l'autoradiographie a des detecteurs minces irradies dans la cellule. Les dispositifs experimentaux sont decrits et les resultats sont compares a ceux obtenus par le calcul a partir de diverses formules. Les resultats de l'etude de la distribution du flux thermique dans une cellule contenant une barre de thorium de meme diametre que les barres d'uranium du reseau sont egalement indiques. La precision des mesures est discutee. Valeur trouvee: f diametre 26 = 0,8949 {+-} 0,005. (author)

Determination of D{sub 2}O-2% Enriched Uranium Lattice Parameters by Means of a Critical System; Determination des Parametres d'un Reseau Uranium Enrichi a 2%-Eau Lourde au Moyen d'un Ensemble Critique; Opredelenie s pomoshch'yu kriticheskoj sistemy parametrov reshetki s 2%-nym obog ashcheniem Urana i s zamedlitelem D{sub 2}O; Determinacion, Mediante un Conjunto Critico, de los Parametros de un Reticulado de D{sub 2}O y Uranio Enriquecido al 2%

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raisic, N.; Takac, S.; Markovic, H.; Bosevski, T. [Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Serbia)

1964-02-15

The paper describes a series of experiments performed to determine the basic parameters of a D{sub 2}O-2% enriched-uranium lattice. The fuel elements were hollow cylinders, canned in aluminium and wetted by heavy water both on the inside and outside. The experiments were performed on the RB critical assembly of the Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Belgrade. The clean geometry of this system enables a rather simple theoretical interpretation of experimental results, and straightforward comparison with two-group diffusion-theory calculations. Measurements performed for ten different lattice configurations included determination of buckling, water-level reactivity coefficient and disadvantage factors for thermal-and epithermal-neutron flux inside a reactor cell. Techniques for these measurements are described. The experimental data are then used to derive the lattice parameters defined by the four-factor formula and two-group diffusion-theory treatment of the reactor core. The results are compared with the standard calculations of the same parameters for measured lattice configurations. Deviations are found in the value of n and resonance integral for U{sup 238}. In conclusion, an analysis is made of the usefulness and accuracy of information obtained from critical experiments for design and exploitation of a research reactor, composed of D{sub 2}O and enriched uranium. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent une serie d'experiences qu'ils ont faites pour determiner les parametres fondamentaux d'un reseau uranium enrichi a 2%-eau lourde. Les elements combustiblesetaient des cylindres creux, gaines d'aluminium et baignant'dans l'eau lourde, a l'interieur comme a l'exterieur. Ils se sont servis de l'assemblage critique RB de l'Institut Boris Kidric des sciences nucleaires a Belgrade. La geometrie de cet assemblage non empoisonne a permis d'interpreter le resultat experimental a l'aide d'une theorie assez simple et de le comparer directement aux calculs

Monitoring carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated patients during hyperbaric treatment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerregård, Asger; Jansen, Erik

2012-01-01

Measurement of the arterial carbon dioxide (P(a)CO(2)) is an established part of the monitoring of mechanically ventilated patients. Other ways to get information about carbon dioxide in the patient are measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO(2)) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PTCCO2......). Carbon dioxide in the blood and cerebral tissue has great influence on vasoactivity and thereby blood volume of the brain. We have found no studies on the correlation between P(ET)CO(2) or P(TC)CO(2), and P(a)CO(2) during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)....

The structure of magnetic materials; La structure des substances magnetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villain, J. [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA, C.E.N. Saclay (France)

1960-07-01

The paper deals with the prediction of the structure of magnetic materials below the critical point. The molecular field approximation is used: exchange interactions with unlimited range are assumed; the magnetic ions are supposed to form a Bravais lattice. The critical temperature T{sub c} is first calculated (section 1) without assuming any decomposition of the crystal into sublattices, and the magnetic structure at T{sub c} is given. It is next shown (section 2) that the essential features of this structure persist below T{sub c}, and the various possible cases are considered. It is possible that no decomposition into sublattices takes place, i.e. the magnetic structure and the nuclear structure have incommensurable periods. A detailed treatment is then given for the body-centered quadratic lattice (section 3) with interaction between first, second and third neighbours. Reprint of a paper published in Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 11, no. 3/4, p. 303-309, 1959 [French] Ce travail a pour objet la prevision systematique de la structure des substances magnetiques au-dessous du point de transition et l'etude des differents cas qui peuvent se presenter lorsque les ions magnetiques forment un reseau de Bravais. On se place dans une approximation de champ moleculaire, mais on ne fait aucune restriction concernant la portee des interactions d'echange. Apres avoir determine (Section 1) la temperature critique et la structure magnetique a cette temperature sans supposer a priori l'existence d'une decomposition en sous-reseaux, on montre (Section 2) que cette structure reste stable en dessous de la temperature critique, et on etudie les divers cas possibles. Il peut arriver en particulier que la structure magnetique ait une periode incommensurable avec celle du reseau cristallin. L'example du reseau quadratique centre avec couplage entre premiers, seconds et troisiemes voisins (Section 3) fournit une bonne illustration de cette etude. Reproduction d'un article publie

Theory of the diffusion coefficient of neutrons in a lattice containing cavities; Theorie du coefficient de diffusion des neutrons dans un reseau comportant des cavites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benoist, P. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-01-15

vitesse, et on met en evidence de nouveaux termes, dont l'existence entraine que la representation de l'aire de diffusion par le carre moyen de la distance en ligne droite de la source a l'absorption est inexacte dans un reseau. Ces termes sont toutefois d'un ordre de grandeur assez faible pour pouvoir etre traites comme une correction. L'expression generale fait d'autre part apparaitre pour le coefficient radial la serie des termes de correlation angulaire qui s'est revelee tres lentement conrergente pour de grands canaux ; le calcul terme a terme, entrepris dans le premier travail, a alors ete abandonne au profit d'une formulation globale, qui fait apparaitre une ressemblance avec le probleme du facteur d'utilisation thermique. L'emploi d'une methode integrale analogue a celle employee dans le calcul de ce facteur permet d'etablir de nouvelles formules pratiques simples, ne taisant intervenir qu'un petit nombre de fonctions de base. La precision de ces formules est tres bonne, comme le montrent les resultats d'une methode variationnelle etudiee a titre de reference. Divers effets correctifs sont ensuite envisages. On donne etalement des expressions permettant le traitement exact de grappes de barres. Une comparaison de La theorie et de divers resultats experimentaux est presentee, et on propose une nouvelle methode de mesure du coefficient radial. (auteur)

A randomised controlled trial of CPAP versus non-invasive ventilation for initial treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Howard, Mark E; Piper, Amanda J; Stevens, Bronwyn; Holland, Anne E; Yee, Brendon J; Dabscheck, Eli; Mortimer, Duncan; Burge, Angela T; Flunt, Daniel; Buchan, Catherine; Rautela, Linda; Sheers, Nicole; Hillman, David; Berlowitz, David J

2017-05-01

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is the most common indication for home ventilation, although the optimal therapy remains unclear, particularly for severe disease. We compared Bi-level and continuous positive airways pressure (Bi-level positive airway pressure (PAP); CPAP) for treatment of severe OHS. We conducted a multicentre, parallel, double-blind trial for initial treatment of OHS, with participants randomised to nocturnal Bi-level PAP or CPAP for 3 months. The primary outcome was frequency of treatment failure (hospital admission, persistent ventilatory failure or non-adherence); secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleepiness. Sixty participants were randomised; 57 completed follow-up and were included in analysis (mean age 53 years, body mass index 55 kg/m 2 , PaCO 2 60 mm Hg). There was no difference in treatment failure between groups (Bi-level PAP, 14.8% vs CPAP, 13.3%, p=0.87). Treatment adherence and wake PaCO 2 were similar after 3 months (5.3 hours/night Bi-level PAP, 5.0 hours/night CPAP, p=0.62; PaCO 2 44.2 and 45.9 mm Hg, respectively, p=0.60). Between-group differences in improvement in sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale 0.3 (95% CI -2.8, 3.4), p=0.86) and HRQoL (Short Form (SF)36-SF6d 0.025 (95% CI -0.039, 0.088), p=0.45) were not significant. Baseline severity of ventilatory failure (PaCO 2 ) was the only significant predictor of persistent ventilatory failure at 3 months (OR 2.3, p=0.03). In newly diagnosed severe OHS, Bi-level PAP and CPAP resulted in similar improvements in ventilatory failure, HRQoL and adherence. Baseline PaCO 2 predicted persistent ventilatory failure on treatment. Long-term studies are required to determine whether these treatments have different cost-effectiveness or impact on mortality. ACTRN12611000874910, results. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Voluntary suppression of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation mitigates the reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity during exercise in the heat.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsuji, Bun; Honda, Yasushi; Ikebe, Yusuke; Fujii, Naoto; Kondo, Narihiko; Nishiyasu, Takeshi

2015-04-15

Hyperthermia during prolonged exercise leads to hyperventilation, which can reduce arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 ) and, in turn, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and thermoregulatory response. We investigated 1) whether humans can voluntarily suppress hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged exercise and 2) the effects of voluntary breathing control on PaCO2 , CBF, sweating, and skin blood flow. Twelve male subjects performed two exercise trials at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37°C, 50% relative humidity) for up to 60 min. Throughout the exercise, subjects breathed normally (normal-breathing trial) or they tried to control their minute ventilation (respiratory frequency was timed with a metronome, and target tidal volumes were displayed on a monitor) to the level reached after 5 min of exercise (controlled-breathing trial). Plotting ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses against esophageal temperature (Tes) showed that minute ventilation increased linearly with rising Tes during normal breathing, whereas controlled breathing attenuated the increased ventilation (increase in minute ventilation from the onset of controlled breathing: 7.4 vs. 1.6 l/min at +1.1°C Tes; P flow velocity (MCAV) with rising Tes, but controlled breathing attenuated those reductions (estimated PaCO2 -3.4 vs. -0.8 mmHg; MCAV -10.4 vs. -3.9 cm/s at +1.1°C Tes; P = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively). Controlled breathing had no significant effect on chest sweating or forearm vascular conductance (P = 0.67 and 0.91, respectively). Our results indicate that humans can voluntarily suppress hyperthermic hyperventilation during prolonged exercise, and this suppression mitigates changes in PaCO2 and CBF. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

[Pulmonary function in patients with focal pulmonary tuberculosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Popova, L A; Shergina, E A

2008-01-01

Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, TLC, TGV, pulmonary residual volume (PRV), Raw, Rin, Rcx, DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS/VA, PaO2, and PaCO2 were determined in 40 patients with focal pulmonary tuberculosis. Changes were found in lung volumes and capacities in 75%, impaired bronchial patency and pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction were in 57.5 and 25%, respectively. The lung volume and capacity changes appeared mainly as increased TGV and PRV; impaired bronchial patency presented as decreased MEF50, MEF75, and FEV1/VC%; pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction manifested itself as reduced DLCO-SB, PaO2, and PaCO2. The magnitude of the observed functional changes was generally slight. TGV and PRL increased up to 148-187 and 142-223% of the normal values, respectively; MEF50, MEF75, FEV1/VC%, and DLCO decreased to 59-24, 58-26, 78-57, and 78-67% of the normal values and PaO2 and PaCO2 did to 79-69 and 34-30 cm Hg.

Recognition of the Factoring Contracts within the scope of Turkey Accounting Standards with regard to the Buyer and Seller

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Birsel Sabuncu

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In this study giving general information about factoring, which is an alternative financing technique, regarding the recognition of the factoring transactions within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards, by presenting a sample application in particular regard of an export transaction in relation to the accounting records which have to be done by the company that gives factoring service and receives the factoring service, a contribution to the accounting literature is put forward. In the study, it is shown that, even though the Uniform Accounting Plan which the factoring companies and the companies which use a factoring service in their accounting records differ from each other, recognition of it within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards is a basis. The fundamental principle of the accounting records of the company which assigns the receivables that generate from the exporting by entering into an agreement of factoring is the recognition of the income according to the fair value, by reflecting the amount which the income waits to gain the when assigning, and by separating the income which is actualised and not actualised. Keywords: Factoring, factoring transactions, Turkish Accounting Standards

Measurements for uranium-light water subcritical assembly; Mesures pour ensemble sous-critique uranium-eau legere d'enseignement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barre, J Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The aim of this report is to determine the matter Laplacian of a subcritical assembly, done for educational purposes, using natural uranium combustible and light water for the moderator and the reflector. (M.B.) [French] L'objet de ce rapport est la determination du Laplacien matiere d'un reseau sous-critique, destine a l'enseignement, utilisant comme combustible l'uranium naturel et comme moderateur et reflecteur l'eau naturelle. (M.B.)

The Affects of Museum Architecture: Louvre-Lens and Museu de Arte de São Paulo

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Annette Svaneklink

2014-01-01

and context. Inside, visitors are invited to co-create the museum experience by moving freely through the exhibited art works in a setting that seems to re-actualise an experimental exhibition space, which was originally designed by Lina Bo Bardi for Museu de Arte de São Paulo. Through on-site observations...... of art institutions to the museum experience. Keywords: Art Museum, Architecture, Affect...

Ventilation is unstable during drowsiness before sleep onset.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomson, Stuart; Morrell, Mary J; Cordingley, Jeremy J; Semple, Stephen J

2005-11-01

Ventilation is unstable during drowsiness before sleep onset. We have studied the effects of transitory changes in cerebral state during drowsiness on breath duration and lung volume in eight healthy subjects in the absence of changes in airway resistance and fluctuations of ventilation and CO2 tension, characteristic of the onset of non-rapid eye movement sleep. A volume-cycled ventilator in the assist control mode was used to maintain CO2 tension close to that when awake. Changes in cerebral state were determined by the EEG on a breath-by-breath basis and classified as alpha or theta breaths. Breath duration and the pause in gas flow between the end of expiratory airflow and the next breath were computed for two alpha breaths which preceded a theta breath and for the theta breath itself. The group mean (SD) results for this alpha-to-theta transition was associated with a prolongation in breath duration from 5.2 (SD 1.3) to 13.0 s (SD 2.1) and expiratory pause from 0.7 (SD 0.4) to 7.5 s (SD 2.2). Because the changes in arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) are unknown during the theta breaths, we made in two subjects a continuous record of PaCO2 in the radial artery. PaCO2 remained constant from the alpha breaths through to the expiratory period of the theta breath by which time the duration of breath was already prolonged, representing an immediate and altered ventilatory response to the prevailing PaCO2. In the eight subjects, the CO2 tension awake was 39.6 Torr (SD 2.3) and on assisted ventilation 38.0 Torr (1.4). We conclude that the ventilatory instability recorded in the present experiments is due to the apneic threshold for CO2 being at or just below that when awake.

Reference values of arterial oxygen tension in the middle-aged and elderly.

Science.gov (United States)

Cerveri, I; Zoia, M C; Fanfulla, F; Spagnolatti, L; Berrayah, L; Grassi, M; Tinelli, C

1995-09-01

The lack of available reference values of arterial PO2, particularly for elderly persons, led us to study a sample of 194 normal nonsmoking subjects, equally distributed over all age ranges from 40 to 90 yr. The radial artery was punctured and blood samples were taken and analyzed on an automated, computerized gas-analyzer. The trend of the mean values of PaO2 in the 5-yr class intervals of age showed a clear decline up to the 70- to 74-yr class, and then an inversion. The two regression lines intersecting at this point provided a better fit to the data than did a single regression line (R22 - R12 = 0.918 - 0.678 = 0.24; F = 20.49, p = 0.0027). The relationship of PaO2 with age was thus subsequently considered for the two subgroups (40 to 74 yr; > or = 75 yr) identified on the basis of this cutoff. Because of the significant influence on Pao2 of age, body-mass index (BMI), and PaCO2 in the group 40 to 74 yr of age, the following reference equation was constructed: Pao2 (mm Hg) = 143.6 - (0.39 . age) - (0.56 . BMI) - (0.57 . PaCO2); R2 = 0.28; SEE = 7.48; p or = 75 yr old, for whom there was no correlation with age, BMI, or PaCO2, only the mean +/- SD and 5th percentile of PaO2 were reported (83.4 +/- 9.15 mm Hg and 68.4 mm Hg, respectively). PaCO2 values were not correlated with either age or BMI; the mean +/- SD was 35.79 +/- 3.87 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of Modes, Obesity, and Body Position on Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Success in the Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Türk, Murat; Aydoğdu, Müge; Gürsel, Gül

2018-01-01

Different outcomes and success rates of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) still pose a significant problem in intensive care units. Previous studies investigating different modes, body positioning, and obesity-associated hypoventilation in patients with chronic respiratory failure showed that these factors may affect ventilator mechanics to achieve a better minute ventilation. This study tried to compare pressure support (BiPAP-S) and average volume targeted pressure support (AVAPS-S) modes in patients with acute or acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. In addition, short-term effects of body position and obesity within both modes were analyzed. We conducted a randomized controlled study in a 7-bed intensive care unit. The course of blood gas analysis and differences in ventilation variables were compared between BiPAP-S (n=33) and AVAPS-S (n=29), and between semi-recumbent and lateral positions in both modes. No difference was found in the length of hospital stay and the course of PaCO2, pH, and HCO3 levels between the modes. There was a mean reduction of 5.7±4.1 mmHg in the PaCO2 levels in the AVAPS-S mode, and 2.7±2.3 mmHg in the BiPAP-S mode per session (ppositioning had no notable effect in both modes. Although the decrease in the PaCO2 levels in the AVAPS-S mode per session was remarkably high, the course was similar in both modes. Furthermore, obesity and body positioning had no prominent effect on the PaCO2 response and ventilator mechanics. Post hoc power analysis showed that the sample size was not adequate to detect a significant difference between the modes.

Approches pour la reduction de l'impact de defaut dans le transport d'energie du parc eolien offshore via VSC-HVDC =

Science.gov (United States)

Benadja, Mounir

Dans ce travail est presente un systeme de generation d'energie d'un parc eolien offshore et un systeme de transport utilisant les stations VSC-HVDC connectees au reseau principal AC onshore. Trois configurations ont ete etudiees, modelisees et validees par simulation. Dans chacune des configurations, des contributions ameliorant les cotes techniques et economiques sont decrites ci-dessous : La premiere contribution concerne un nouvel algorithme MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) utilise pour l'extraction de la puissance maximale disponible dans les eoliennes des parcs offshores. Cette technique d'extraction du MPPT ameliore le rendement energetique de la chaine de conversion des energies renouvelables notamment l'energie eolienne a petite et a grande echelles (parc eolien offshore) qui constitue un probleme pour les constructeurs qui se trouvent confrontes a developper des dispositifs MPPT simples, moins couteux, robustes, fiables et capable d'obtenir un rendement energetique maximal. La deuxieme contribution concerne la reduction de la taille, du cout et de l'impact des defauts electriques (AC et DC) dans le systeme construit pour transporter l'energie d'un parc eolien offshore (OWF) vers le reseau principal AC onshore via deux stations 3L-NPC VSCHVDC. La solution developpee utilise des observateurs non-lineaires bases sur le filtre de Kalman etendu (EKF). Ce filtre permet d'estimer la vitesse de rotation et la position du rotor de chacune des generatrices du parc eolien offshore et de la tension du bus DC de l'onduleur DC-AC offshore et des deux stations 3L-NPC-VSC-HVDC (offshore et onshore). De plus, ce developpement du filtre de Kalman etendu a permis de reduire l'impact des defauts AC et DC. Deux commandes ont ete utilisees, l'une (commande indirect dans le plan abc) avec EKF integre destinee pour controler le convertisseur DC-AC offshore et l'autre (commande d-q) avec EKF integre pour controler les convertisseurs des deux stations AC-DC et DC-AC tout en

Facial immersion in cold water enhances cerebral blood velocity during breath-hold exercise in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjeld, Thomas; Pott, Frank C; Secher, Niels H

2009-01-01

perfusion evaluated as the middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MCA V(mean)) during exercise in nine male subjects. At rest, a breath hold of maximum duration increased the arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa(CO(2))) from 4.2 to 6.7 kPa and MCA V(mean) from 37 to 103 cm/s (mean; approximately 178%; P...... breath hold increased Pa(CO(2)) from 5.9 to 8.2 kPa (P ... 180-W exercise (from 47 to 53 cm/s), and this increment became larger with facial immersion (76 cm/s, approximately 62%; P breath hold diverts blood toward the brain with a >100% increase in MCA V(mean), largely...

« L’AMOUR » DANS LE STYLE INDIVIDUEL DE GUY DE MAUPASSANT (SUR L’EXEMPLE DU ROMAN «MONT-ORIOL»

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Ludmila Prenko

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article traite le problème de l’actualisation du concept de l’amour dans le style individuel de Guy de Maupassant sur l’exemple de son roman «Mont-Oriol». On a essayé de montrer les différents moyens de la réalisation de ce concept dans le but de prouver que l’amour est la dominante émotionnelle du roman.

Population pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation of the respiratory effect of acetazolamide in decompensated COPD patients.

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Nicholas Heming

Full Text Available Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD patients may develop metabolic alkalosis during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Acetazolamide is one of the treatments used to reverse metabolic alkalosis.619 time-respiratory (minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate and 207 time-PaCO2 observations were obtained from 68 invasively ventilated COPD patients. We modeled respiratory responses to acetazolamide in mechanically ventilated COPD patients and then simulated the effect of increased amounts of the drug.The effect of acetazolamide on minute ventilation and PaCO2 levels was analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effect model. The effect of different ventilatory modes was assessed on the model. Only slightly increased minute ventilation without decreased PaCO2 levels were observed in response to 250 to 500 mg of acetazolamide administered twice daily. Simulations indicated that higher acetazolamide dosage (>1000 mg daily was required to significantly increase minute ventilation (P0.75 L min(-1 in 60% of the population. The model also predicts that 45% of patients would have a decrease of PaCO2>5 mmHg with doses of 1000 mg per day.Simulations suggest that COPD patients might benefit from the respiratory stimulant effect after the administration of higher doses of acetazolamide.

O caso Paco: um exemplo de neodesencadeamento

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Elizabete Siqueira

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho é produto de uma investigação empreendida sobre Oestatuto contemporâneo das identificações em sujeitos com marcas e alterações corporais, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Foram estudados os depoimentos coletados em outra pesquisa realizada no âmbito da Antropologia pela pesquisadora Fabiana Maria Gama Pereira, intitulada Tatuagens, piercings e outras marcas corporais: aproximações interetnográficas entre Recife e Madri. A metodologia utilizada foi a meta-análise. Os relatos de quatro sujeitos que submeteram seus corpos a alterações corporais foram analisados com base nos pressupostos da psicanálise. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: o primeiro, composto por três sujeitos que marcam seus corpos para o Outro em busca de reconhecimento; e o outro, por um sujeito que ancora seu ser em suas modificações corporais e tem uma modalidade identificatória peculiar a uma insígnia de gozo. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar que o caso do sujeito do segundo grupo representa um exemplo paradigmático de um neodesencadeamento psicótico.

The White Lion Volunteer Program in South Africa: A Study of Volunteer Needs

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Boretti Tanya

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Volunteer tourists are motivated to participate in volunteer programs due to their need to ‘do something different’, ‘see another culture’ and ‘to escape’, amongst others. The research aims to determine the internal and external factors that motivate individuals to participate in the Tsau! Global White Lion Protection Trust’s (GWLPT volunteer program. Maslow’s theory of human motivation and Frankl’s study of human behaviour are used to explore intrinsic factors whereas extrinsic or macro environmental factors of influence are also investigated. A mixed method approach with focus group discussions and an online survey is followed. A background to the volunteer program is presented with the activities available to volunteers. The key findings indicate that most volunteers are young females that volunteer for a minimum of two weeks; are internally motivated to ‘give back and be useful’ and ‘to work with the white lions’ for the purpose of self-actualisation. External motivation is mainly social in terms of concern about the well-being of the lions, and South Africa being an economically affordable destination. The GWLPT strives to fulfil the needs of volunteers, especially intrinsic needs associated with self-actualisation and self-transcendence.

Computing Systems Configuration for Highly Integrated Guidance and Control Systems

Science.gov (United States)

1988-06-01

de tableau de bord d’aeronef pour 1’entrainement des equipages); du logiciel LANST concu pour la simulation ae reseau locaux; des ...avioniques a bord d’un aeronef. -3- 225433 C.CEDOCAR titre fr. (Materiel de traitement de donnees pour spatlonef la normae 1750 A ISA Ge l’US Air Force...Instruments pour le traitement a bord des avions tactiques des donnees fournies par les differents capteurs. Une architecture reoondante pour les

(In)Communication chronophage: esquisse d'une micro-dystopie de l'accélération en réseaux

OpenAIRE

Fernández Vicente, Antonio

2016-01-01

This paper studies the techno culture of acceleration from a sociological and genealogical perspective. It is a question of micro-power that transforms the social network Utopia into an autorestrainted Dystopia. The synchronisation with the others leads us to a communication flux 24/7. Therefore, the right to communicate throughout the social network becomes a horizontal implied must in order to join in the multiples conversations in real time. The permanent actualisation becomes a necessity ...

Identiteit en psigososiale aanpassing by laat-adolessente : 'n kruiskulturele ondersoek

OpenAIRE

2012-01-01

M.A. The aim of this research is to ascertain the unique character of late-adolescence in order to strengthen the counselling and ministry of late-adolescents. The first aim was to ascertain the particular problems of identity development and psychosocial adjustment of late-adolescents. The research concentrates on different aspects of development such as cognition, sexuality, self-actualisation and commitments. In order to comprehend the complexity of late-adolescents, the following aspec...

Diseases of Poverty and Lifestyle, Well-Being and Human Development

OpenAIRE

Singh, Ajai R.; Singh, Shakuntala A.

2008-01-01

The problems of the haves differ substantially from those of the have-nots. Individuals in developing societies have to fight mainly against infectious and communicable diseases, while in the developed world the battles are mainly against lifestyle diseases. Yet, at a very fundamental level, the problems are the same-the fight is against distress, disability, and premature death; against human exploitation and for human development and self-actualisation; against the callousness to critical c...

Queering alienation in digital media

OpenAIRE

Jarrett, Kylie

2016-01-01

Marx’s concept of alienation, particularly as articulated in Dallas Smythe’s audience-commodity thesis, is central to critical studies of the political economy of digital media and its exploitation of user labour. However, in its application within critical studies of Internet economies, the concept often becomes limited to alienation from ‘species-being’ or autonomous self-actualisation. Drawing on mostly queer, but also some feminist, critiques this paper seeks to challenge this application...

Do over 200 million healthy altitude residents really suffer from chronic Acid-base disorders?

Science.gov (United States)

Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo; Zubieta-Castillo, Gustavo; Zubieta-Calleja, Luis; Ardaya-Zubieta, Gustavo; Paulev, Poul-Erik

2011-01-01

As the oxygen tension of inspired air falls with increasing altitude in normal subjects, hyperventilation ensues. This acute respiratory alkalosis, induces increased renal excretion of bicarbonate, returning the pH back to normal, giving rise to compensated respiratory alkalosis or chronic hypocapnia. It seems a contradiction that so many normal people at high altitude should permanently live as chronic acid-base patients. Blood gas analyses of 1,865 subjects at 3,510 m, reported a P(a)CO(2) (arterial carbon dioxide tension ± SEM) = 29.4 ± 0.16 mmHg and pH = 7.40 ± 0.005. Base excess, calculated with the Van Slyke sea level equation, is -5 mM (milliMolar or mmol/l) as an average, suggesting chronic hypocapnia. THID, a new term replacing "Base Excess" is determined by titration to a pH of 7.40 at a P(a)CO(2) of 5.33 kPa (40 mmHg) at sea level, oxygen saturated and at 37°C blood temperature. Since our new modified Van Slyke equations operate with normal values for P(a)CO(2) at the actual altitude, a calculation of THID will always result in normal values-that is, zero.

The influence of ganglioside on the blood gas analysis and serum inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Xiao-Jing Li

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Objective: To observe the influence of ganglioside on the blood gas analysis and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Method: A total of 100 newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group and the observation group. Conventional oxygen inhalation, reducing intracranial pressure, controlling eclampsia and neurotrophic drug treatment were given to the observation group. Treatment of ganglioside was given to the control group on the basis of observation group. Blood gas analysis and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected before treatment (T0, 3 d after treatment (T1, and 7 d after treatment (T2. Result: (1 The comparison of pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 in the two groups in T0 was not statistically significant. The comparison of pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 in T0, T1, T2 was considered to be statistically significant. Among these, the result of comparision of pH, PaO2, SaO2: T0＜T1＜T2. comparision of PaCO2: T0＞T1＞T2. The pH, PaO2, SaO2 in observation group were higher, PaCO2 in observation group was lower compared with that in control group in T1 and T2. The difference was considered to be statistically significant. (2 The comparision of IL-2, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α in the two groups in T0 was not statistically significant. IL-2 in the observation in T1 and T2 was higher than that in the control group, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α in the observation in T1 and T2 was lower than that in the control group. The difference was considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Ganglioside can improve blood gas analysis indexes, decrease the serum inflammatory cytokines in newborns with anoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Plaadid / Villu Päärt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Päärt, Villu, 1972-

2004-01-01

Uutest plaatidest Nelly "Da Derrty Versions The reinvention", Zero 7 "When It Falls", Ilya "They Died For Beauty", Paco De Lucia "Costas Buenas", Murphy Lee "Da Skool Boy Presents", To Rococo Rot "Hotel Morgen"

Women And Leadership Roles

OpenAIRE

Parikh Indira J

2003-01-01

Women and Leadership Roles is culled from workshops conducted by Prof. Indira Parikh at the IIMA. From 1980 till date programmes exploring issues facing Women in Management are offered at the Institute. Issues surrounding leadership, work roles and authority are debated. The objectives are to explore the influence of the transformation of organisations on womens roles in the corporate world; to explore leadership roles and also individual life-spaces; to discover wholesome ways to actualise d...

'The Greek Fall: Simulacral Thanatotourism in Europe'

OpenAIRE

Tzanelli, R

2012-01-01

The paper explores the socio-cultural dynamics of Greek demonstrations in 2011, suggesting that their function exceeds that of social movements as we know them. A form of what I term ‘simulacral thanatotourism’, including marches and demonstrations to Greek cities in protest for austerity measures, actualised in this context a form of mourning about the end of Greece’s place in European polity. This mourning, which places Greece at the centre of a withering European democratic cosmos, inspire...

Antano Maceinos tautinio auklėjimo idėjos globalizacijos kontekste

OpenAIRE

Aramavičiūtė, Vanda

2008-01-01

The article makes an attempt to highlight and actualise the key ideas of A. Maceina on national education and their value in our modern society under conditions of globalisation. These ideas, inspiring the wish and attempts to cognise and nurture own national vocation, to involve the nation into the international life and simultaneously focusing on nation's protection from loosing own identity, are of utmost importance in many aspects nowadays. On the other hand, national education ideas get ...

Monitoring variables affecting positron emission tomography measurements of cerebral blood flow in anaesthetized pigs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alstrup, Aage Kristian Olsen; Zois, Nora Elisabeth; Simonsen, Mette

2018-01-01

Background Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of anaesthetized pig brains is a useful tool in neuroscience. Stable cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential for PET, since variations can affect the distribution of several radiotracers. However, the effect of physiological factors regulating...... and the monitoring parameters. Results No significant statistical correlations were found between CBF and the nine monitoring variables. However, we found that arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and body temperature were important predictors of CBF that should be observed and kept constant. In addition, we...... found that long-duration anaesthesia was significantly correlated with high heart rate, low arterial oxygen tension, and high body temperature, but not with CBF. Conclusions The findings indicate that PaCO2 and body temperature are crucial for maintaining stable levels of CBF and thus optimizing PET...

RTE - Reseau de Transport d'Electricite - 2012 Memo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-01-01

This brochure, designed to promote greater transparency, presents key aspects of RTE's activity and covers everything from the running of the power system and the electricity market, to the operation and development of the transmission network. Memo 2012, which is being made available to the general public for the first time, is part of RTE's ongoing efforts to improve access to information for stakeholders and for power system participants. Contents: Balance of electrical energy flows on the RTE network (Net generation injected on the RTE network, Net deliveries on the RTE network); Consumption and physical exchanges (Record of annual maximum consumption values for France, Net physical export balance); Key figures for generation (Installed capacity in France, Energy generated in France, Evolution of installed Wind and Solar capacity); Key figures for the RTE network (Length, Number of RTE substations); Quality of supply and environment (Equivalent outage time on the RTE network, RTE's environmental action, Estimated carbon footprint of France's electricity generating fleet); Major current projects; Main network developments after ten years; Electricity market (Balancing Mechanism, Epex Spot, Cross-border contractual exchanges in 2011, Daily market coupling); Financial results for the RTE Group (Profit and loss account, RTE investment chart, Financial indicators, Simplified balance sheet); Human resources in 2011; RTE' Organization as of January 1, 2012; RTE's missions of public service

RTE - Reseau de Transport d'Electricite - 2013 Memo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

This brochure, designed to promote transparency, presents key aspects of RTE's activity and covers everything from the running of the power system and the electricity market, to the operation and development of the transmission network. MEMO 2013, is part of RTE's ongoing efforts to improve access to information for stakeholders and for power system participants. Contents: Balance of electrical energy flows on the RTE network (Net generation injected on the RTE network, Net deliveries on the RTE network); Consumption and physical exchanges (Record of annual maximum consumption values for France, Net physical export balance); Key figures for generation (Installed capacity in France, Energy generated in France, Evolution of installed Wind and Solar capacity); Key figures for the RTE network (Length, Number of RTE substations); Quality of supply and environment (Equivalent outage time on the RTE network, RTE's environmental action, Estimated carbon footprint of France's electricity generating fleet); Major projects in 2012; Main projects; Electricity market (Balancing Mechanism, Epex Spot, Cross-border contractual exchanges in 2012, Daily market coupling); Financial results for the RTE Group (Profit and loss account, RTE investment chart, Financial indicators, Simplified balance sheet); Human resources in 2012; RTE' Organization as of January 1, 2013; RTE's missions of public service

Moemärke Hispaaniast / Riina Robinson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Robinson, Riina

2008-01-01

Kuulsad Hispaania moekunstnikud Paco Rabanne (sünd. 1934), Cristobal Balenciaga, Agatha Ruiz de la Prada (sünd. 1960), Oscar de la Renta (1932), Paloma Picasso (1949). Rõivapoodide ketid Zara, Mango ja El Corte Ingles

’n Skoolhoof se persepsies van die verwesenliking van Christelike waardes in ’n Suid-Afrikaanse laerskool: ’n Gevallestudie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gertruida M. Steyn

2012-11-01

Full Text Available A principal’s perceptions of the realisation of Christian values at a South African Primary School: A case study.Many South African schools are facing the challenge of establishing a school culture that is conducive to teaching and learning. The school culture has a far greater impact on living and learning than any other factor in the life of a school. The research question in this study is: How did a primary school principal view the actualisation of Christian values in the school culture? An investigative, qualitative research design, and more particularly a case study, was considered to be the most appropriate approach to the research question. In a number of previous investigations in the school, the author has shown that the school principal treasured the inculcation of Christian values in the school. Data in this study were collected by means of various semi-structured interviews with the principal; paragraphs written by the principal; documents about school activities; a DVD of the school; and field notes taken during the interviews. The findings show the role of the principal in inculcating values in a school and the effect of a vision and mission to realise these values. Inculcating values in a school is best actualised in a positive, inviting school culture that focuses on continuing growth conducive to human development.

Interrogating the Teaching and Learning of English in Nigeria: Still in Search of an Enabling Principle

OpenAIRE

Ugwuanyi, Kingsley; Chukwu, Matthias

2016-01-01

With the understanding that effective communication is the central goal in any second language situation, this paper examines how best to achieve this in the light of the current curriculum for the teaching of English in Nigeria. The way the English language is taught at all the levels of education in Nigeria leaves a lot to be desired, and therefore does not hold a promise of actualising the very end of language teaching and learning, which is the development of learners’ communicative compe...

Traveling through time: Respect and use of Virgin Mary icons in Serbian tradition and nowadays

OpenAIRE

Pavićević Aleksandra

2010-01-01

The beginning of the process of repeated actualisation and revitalisation in Serbia coincided with the beginning of the social, economic and political crisis on the territory of the former SFRY, which took place in the beginning of 1990s.On the official political (and life) scene during the 1990s and in the first decade of the 21 century, religious symbols have been used liberally. In everyday life, casinos, brothels and new cars are consecrated, religious paraphernalia become current fashion...

Respiratory Muscle Training and Cognitive Function Exercising at Altitude.

Science.gov (United States)

Quackenbush, Joseph; Duquin, Aubrey; Helfer, Samuel; Pendergast, David R

2016-01-01

Hiking and trekking often occur at altitudes up to 12,000 ft altitude. The hypoxia-induced hyperventilation at altitude paradoxically reduces arterial CO2 (Paco2). A reduction in Paco2 results in vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the brain and thus in local hypoxia. The local hypoxia likely affects cognitive function, which may result in reduced performance and altitude accidents. Recent publications have demonstrated that voluntary isocapnic hyperventilatory training of the respiratory muscles (VIHT) can markedly enhance exercise endurance as it is associated with reduced ventilation and its energy cost. VIHT may be useful in blunting the altitude-induced hyperventilation leading to higher Paco2 and improved cognitive function. This study examined the effects of VIHT, compared to control (C) and placebo (PVIHT) groups, on selected measures of executive functioning, including working memory and processing speed (i.e., Stroop Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span Forward) at simulated altitude up to 12,000 ft. Associated physiological parameters were also measured. The Digit Span Forward Test did not show improvements after VIHT in any group. The VIHT group, but not C or PVIHT groups, improved significantly (17-30%) on the Stroop Test. Similarly the VIHT group, but not the C and PVIHT groups, improved correct responses (26%) and number of attempts (24%) on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. In addition, reaction time was also improved (16%). VIHT improved processing speed and working memory during exercise at altitude.

PACo: A Novel Procrustes Application to Cophylogenetic Analysis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Balbuena, J. A.; Míguez-Lozano, R.; Blasco-Costa, Maria Isabel

2013-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 4 (2013), e61048 E-ISSN 1932-6203 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 252124 - PARAPOPGENE Grant - others:National Scientific Research of Spain (ES) CGL2008-02701; Generalitat Valenciana(ES) Prometeo Grant 2011-040 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : host-parasite cospeciation * phylogenetic trees * statistical tests * mitochondrial-DNA Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.534, year: 2013

Computed tomography and blood gas analysis of anesthetized bloodhounds with induced pneumothorax

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, M.; Hartsfield, S.; Matthews, N.; White, G.; Slater, M.; Thoos, J.

1993-01-01

Increasingly severe degrees of pneumothorax were produced in 6 adult anesthetized bloodhounds. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed on each dog to evaluate the effects of pneumo thorax on thoracic and on pulmonary cross-sectional area (TA and PA). Arterial PO 2 (PaO 2 ) and PCO 2 (PaCO 2 ), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were determined and related to the severity of pneumothorax. Volumes of air equal to 1, 1.5 and 2 times functional residual capacity of the lung produced approximately 33%, 40%, and 50% reductions in pulmonary area respectively. These amounts of atelectasis correspond to a radiographically “moderate” degree of pneumothorax. As severity of pneumothorax increased, thoracic area consistently increased, PaO 2 consistently decreased, and PaCO 2 consistently increased, with all being statistically significant relationships (p 0.2)

[Lung dysfunction in patients with severe chronic obstructive bronchitis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Popova, L A; Shergina, E A

2005-01-01

VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, TCL, TGV, RV, Raw, Rin, Rex, DLCO-SS, PaO2, and PaCO2 were determined in 36 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (FEV1 volumes and capacities; 83.3% of the patients had pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction. Impaired bronchial patency mainly appeared as decreased FEV1, FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, Raw, Rin, Rex; altered lung volumes and capacities manifested by increased RV, TGV, and TLC, and by decreased VC and FVC; pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction showed up as lowered PaO2 and DLCO-SS, as decreased or increased PaCO2. The observed bronchial patency disorders varied from significant to severe; functional changes in lung volumes and capacities were mild to severe.

Transient influence of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension on the postural restraint in cerebral perfusion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Immink, R.V.; Truijen, J.; Secher, Niels H.

2009-01-01

In the upright position, cerebral blood flow is reduced, maybe because arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pa(CO(2))) decreases. We evaluated the time-dependent influence of a reduction in Pa(CO(2)), as indicated by the end-tidal Pco(2) tension (Pet(CO(2))), on cerebral perfusion during head......-up tilt. Mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MCA V(mean)), and dynamic cerebral autoregulation at supine rest and 70 degrees head-up tilt were determined during free breathing and with Pet(CO(2)) clamped to the supine level. The postural changes in central...... hemodynamic variables were equivalent, and the cerebrovascular autoregulatory capacity was not significantly affected by tilt or by clamping Pet(CO(2)). In the first minute of tilt, the decline in MCA V(mean) (10 +/- 4 vs. 3 +/- 4 cm/s; mean +/- SE; P

Optimisation de Capteurs de Diagnostic de Défauts par Réflectométrie dans les Réseaux Filaires Complexes en utilisant les Réseaux Bayésiens

OpenAIRE

BEN HASSEN , Wafa; Auzanneau , Fabrice; Pérès , François; Tchangani , Ayeley

2013-01-01

Cet article presente une strat ' egie de diagnostic ' distribuee par la m ' ethode de r ' eflectom ' etrie dans un r ' eseau ' filaire complexe. L'idee principale consiste ' a injecter un signal ' de test en plusieurs points du reseau et r ' ecup ' erer, ensuite, le ' signal refl' echi afin d'en d ' eduire les caract ' eristiques du d ' efaut ' detect ' e. L'objectif de cet article est d'optimiser le nombre de ' capteurs a impl ' ementer dans le r ' eseau afin de r ' eduire le co ' ut du ˆ systeme...

Therese: presentation of the project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pendibidu, J M

1982-05-01

Therese (Terabit Reseau) is a project built around a powerful local network with high transmission speed. A lot of goodies have been incorporated to the product in order that it can be used as a general multi-purpose tool in such areas as software engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics, office automation, VLSI design, fundamental mechanics, theoretical physics, applied mathematics, computer assisted education, high speed satellite communications, performance evaluation, general system theory, reliability, high resolution graphics, public messages, private messages, fast Fourier transform, personal computing, image processing, etc. 11 references.

Hemometabolismo cerebral: variações na fase aguda do coma traumático Cerebral hemometabolism: variability in the acute phase of traumatic coma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANTONIO L. E. FALCÃO

2000-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar as interrelações entre as alterações hemometabólicas cerebrais e sistêmicas em pacientes com traumatismo craniencefálico (TCE grave submetidos a um protocolo terapêutico padronizado. DESENHO: estudo prospectivo, intervencionista em pacientes com coma traumático. LOCAL: uma UTI geral em hospital universitário. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: vinte e sete pacientes (21M e 6F, idade 14-58 anos, com TCE grave, com três a oito pontos na escala de coma de Glasgow, foram avaliados prospectivamente segundo um protocolo cumulativo padronizado para tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana aguda, o qual incluía medidas rotineiras da pressão intracraniana (PIC e da extração cerebral de oxigênio (ECO2. Foram analisadas as interrelações hemometabólicas envolvendo: pressão arterial média (PAM, PIC, pressão parcial de gás carbônico arterial (PaCO2, ECO2, pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC e extração sistêmica de oxigênio (ESO2. INTERVENÇÕES: apenas as padronizadas no protocolo terapêutico. RESULTADOS: não houve correlação entre a ECO2 e a PPC (r = -0,07; p = 0,41. Houve correlação inversa entre a PaCO2 e a ECO2 (r = -0,24; p = 0,005 e direta entre a ESO2 e a ECO2 (r = 0,24; p = 0,01. A mortalidade geral dos pacientes foi de 25,9% (7/27. CONCLUSÃO: 1 a PPC não se correlaciona com a ECO2 em quaisquer níveis de PIC; 2 a ECO2 está estreitamente relacionada aos diferentes níveis de PaCO2 ; e 3 durante a hiperventilação otimizada existe um acoplamento entre a ECO2 e a ESO2.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the interrelationships between cerebral and systemic hemometabolic alterations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury managed according to a standardized therapeutic protocol. DESIGN: prospective, interventional study in patients with traumatic coma. SETTING: a general Intensive Care Unit in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: twenty-seven patients (21M e 6F, aging 14--58 years, with severe acute brain trauma

'Actualisation' and 're-enactment': Two categories in understanding the Old Testament

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hans Ausloos

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Exegesis has been an integral part of Professor Jurie le Roux�s life. Throughout his scholarly career, he has continually worked to realise the �actualisation� and �re-enactment� of Old Testament stories and ideas. As a modest tribute to Professor le Roux, this contribution seeks to demonstrate that both concepts also play a central role within the process of composing Old and New Testament texts. This will be illustrated with reflections on how Old and New Testament texts speak about the Sabbath. Firstly, the Sabbath commandment in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy will be dealt with. Secondly, a brief survey will present how the Sabbath commandment has been understood during the Second Temple period. Finally, it will be argued that the New Testament authors sought to forge a link with the original tenor of the Sabbath commandment by presenting Jesus as the one who �actualises� and �re-enacts� the Sabbath commandment that often became rigid over time.

A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide and medical air for abdominal insufflation on respiratory parameters in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination.

Science.gov (United States)

Haan, J D; Hay Kraus, B L; Sathe, S R

2018-07-01

To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO 2 in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI). Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO 2 or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1 mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O 2 (PaO 2 ), and CO 2 (PaCO 2 ). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO 2 , PaCO 2 and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO 2 >50 mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO 2 <70 mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO 2 group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO 2 group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867). There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO 2 , PaCO 2 , pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO 2 and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO 2 group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for

Effect of graded hyperventilation on cerebral metabolism in a cisterna magna blood injection model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ma, Xiaodong; Bay-Hansen, Rikke; Hauerberg, John

2006-01-01

In subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with cerebrovascular instability, hyperventilation may induce a risk of inducing or aggravating cerebral ischemia. We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen (CMRO2), glucose (CMRglc), and lactate (CMRlac) at different PaCO2 level...

Low Residual CBF Variability in Alzheimer's Disease after Correction for CO(2) Effect

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rodell, Anders Bertil; Aanerud, Joel; Braendgaard, Hans

2012-01-01

We tested the claim that inter-individual CBF variability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is substantially reduced after correction for arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)). Specifically, we tested whether the variability of CBF in brain of patients with AD differed significantly from brain of age...... for the differences of CO(2) tension, the patients with AD lost the inter-individual CBF variability that continued to characterize the HC subjects. The difference (¿K(1)) between the blood-brain clearances (K(1)) of water (the current measure of CBF) and oxygen (the current measure of oxygen clearance) was reduced......-matched healthy control subjects (HC). To eliminate the CO(2)-induced variability, we developed a novel and generally applicable approach to the correction of CBF for changes of PaCO(2) and applied the method to positron emission tomographic (PET) measures of CBF in AD and HC groups of subjects. After correction...

CONSTRUCTION ET DÉCONSTRUCTION DU LECTEUR IDÉAL DANS EL TÚNEL DE ERNESTO SÁBATO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana-Adriana LEFTER

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Notre travail propose une approche du roman Le Tunnel de Ernesto Sábato par le biais de quelques concepts proposés par la théorie de la réception, dans la lignée Umberto Eco et Maria Corti. Selon nous, le roman présente l’histoire d’une communication déroulée sur deux plans : l’un non-verbal, où la triade communicative est formée de Castel peintre – sa peinture la Maternidad – les possibles consommateurs de son art et l’autre, verbal, où la communication comprend Castel scripteur – les pages de sa confession – les possibles lecteurs de son texte. Nous montrons que, dans les deux démarches communicatives, Castel cherche ce que Umberto Eco appelle un « lecteur idéal », premièrement dans María, la femme pour laquelle il développe une passion obsessive et ensuite dans au moins une personne qui puisse le comprendre. L’échec de la communication, dans les deux cas, est entraîné par le fait que le producteur Castel ne cherche pas un « lecteur idéal » qui actualise les virtualités du message, mais un lecteur qui puisse actualises ses intentions d’auteur empirique. L’échec de la communication est finalement le motif pour lequel le producteur ne peut pas sortir du tunnel de sa solitude.

Anestesia para colecistectomía laparoscópica: Nuestra experiencia Anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Our experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl García Rojas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available La cirugía de mínimo acceso se acompaña de variados cambios fisiopatológicos, por lo que requiere una adecuada monitorización y una atención anestésicas con características especiales. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo analítico con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento transoperatorio, hemodinámico y respiratorio en este tipo de cirugía, determinar la correlación existente entre la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2 y el dióxido de carbono teleespiratorio (ETCO2 en los pacientes con y sin patologías cardiorrespiratorias previas, así como la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociadas al procedimiento. Observamos un aumento significativo de la presión pico en la vía aérea (f = 32,53; p = 0,0 y de la PaCO2 a los 5 min y a los 30 min después del neumoperitoneo. Existió una fuerte correlación lineal entre la PaCO2 y el ETCO2 en los pacientes sanos, pero no así en los enfermos. La tensión arterial diastólica experimentó un aumento significativo del 12 % y la frecuencia cardíaca una disminución de 7,1 %. Las náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes (10 %. La colecistectomía laparoscópica, en nuestra experiencia, se acompañó de excelente estabilidad cardiorrespiratoria y una reducida morbilidad

[Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in chronic hypoxemia].

Science.gov (United States)

Koizumi, M

1991-05-01

The measurement of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in patients with chronic hypoxemia is important from the view point of tissue oxygenation. However, there have been no consistent results that explain the relation among chronic hypoxemia, 2,3-DPG and P50, which is oxygen pressure at an oxygen saturation of 50 percent. The aim of this study is to clarify what factors affect P50 and 2,3-DPG. 1) Patients with chronic hypoxemia, who showed PaO2 less than 60 Torr, had significantly higher P50 than normal subjects. 2) The concentration of Hb showed significant negative correlation with both P50 and 2,3-DPG. 3) Arterial blood pH showed significant positive correlation with both P50 and 2,3-DPG. 4) In a group with normal levels of Hb and pH, there was significant negative relationship between PaO2 and P50. 5) In a group with normal levels of Hb and pH, there was significant positive relationship between PaCO2 and P50. 6) In a group with normal levels of Hb, pH and PaCO2, there was significant negative relationship between PaO2 and 2,3-DPG. In conclusion, P50 and 2,3-DPG are affected largely by Hb concentration or blood pH, with or without hypoxemia. However there is a mechanism by which P50 and 2,3-DPG are increased by hypoxemia itself in a group with normal levels of Hb, pH and PaCO2.

Effects of the transcutaneous electrode temperature on the accuracy of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Line C; Brage-Andersen, Lene; Greisen, Gorm

2011-01-01

The harmful effect of hypocapnia on the neonatal brain emphasizes the importance of monitoring arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). Transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide (tcPCO2) reduces the need for arterial blood sampling. Drawbacks are high electrode temperature causing risks of skin...

Health technology assessment demonstrates efficient health promotion bu Transcendental Meditation (TM)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Torben

2002-01-01

-actualisation; (3) Independence of stimulantia including tobacco and alcohol; (4) Cardiologic health. RESULTS: This health promotion is explained by a cybernetic model based on 'The Limbic System'. A sample of records collected by the Internet shows significant compliance between the self-reports of TM......-practitioners and controls without specific health promotion. The TM-group has a relative high level of education. TM is organized as a private, standardised dissemination of the original, Indoeuropean mantrameditation. This standardisation creates economies-of-scale 1) using local instructors with a short education, 2...

Civil legal responsibility for environmental pollution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pajtić Bojan L.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Serbia's EU accession process has actualised the need to harmonise our legislation with the common legal regulations of the European community of nations. The accelerated economic growth produces environmental challenges associated with harmful emissions. This paper gives an account of international declarations, conventions, directives and other state and civil society instruments of legal protection against the environmental damage. A special focus is placed on our positive legislation and enforcement of legal regulations in ensuring the civil legal responsibility, i.e. prevention of the occurrence of damage and indemnification for the damage caused.

La pratique de la climatisation

CERN Document Server

Jacquard, Patrick

2012-01-01

Cet ouvrage rassemble des fiches pratiques parues dans la revue Clim pratique. L'ouvrage est organisé par grands types de systèmes de climatisation (eau glacée, détente directe, absorption, etc.) et de matériels (groupe d'eau glacée, split system, centrales de traitement d'air, etc.). Cette troisième édition est enrichie de nouvelles fiches sur la condensation, les tours de refroidissement, la régulation et la diffusion de l'air et actualise les fiches existantes sur la réglementation.

Introduction to teaching and learning ‘INTEL’

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Godsk, Mikkel; Greve, Linda

across the faculties and in terms of making the course relevant to the diverse group of participants ranging from tutors to professors in all kinds of different subject areas and teaching obligations. Nevertheless, due to widely rooted project group with representatives from all faculties...... is inspired by the framework well-known from academic journals including an open call for contribution and a peer-review process and as such the overall development process has been relatively smooth. This paper presents both the underlying framework conditions for developing the course and the actualised...

Tri-generation in urban networks; Trigeneration en reseau urbain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malahieude, J.M. [Trigen Energy Corp., New-York (United States)

1996-12-31

The concepts of tri-generation (simultaneous production of heat, electric power and refrigerating energy) and thermal energy distribution networks, are presented. The different components of the tri-generation system from Trigen Energy Corp. are ammonia as a refrigerant for the production of cooled water, screw compressors, gas turbines and an induction motor-generator in order to optimize the combined gas turbine and compressor utilization. The energy efficiency and pollution reduction of the system are evaluated; the system has been enhanced through re-powering and post combustion

Tensions on the electric network; Tensions sur le reseau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garrigues, B.

2001-10-01

Facing the potential 12000 MW of wind power projects, it is necessary to solve quickly the management of queues for the connection to the french electric network. This paper presents the today situation and proposes solutions. (A.L.B.)

Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total carbon diaoxide (TCO2), anion gap, base excess, pH, partial carbon diaoxide (PaCO2) concentration and bicarbonate concentrations in the samples were obtained using the i-STAT EC8+ handheld biosensor analyzer.

[Anesthesia experiences on laparoscopic nephrectomy with da Vinci S robotics].

Science.gov (United States)

Mou, Ling; Lan, Zhixun

2015-09-01

To summarize the clinical anesthesia experiences in 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy with da Vinci S robotics.
 Anesthesia data of 20 patients from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy with da Vinci S robotics from August 2014 to November 2014, were analyzed and summarized. The anesthesia time, operation time, CO(2) pneumoperitoneum time, PaCO(2) and PETCO(2) were recorded.
 All patients were anesthetized and underwent surgery with da Vinci S robotics. The anesthesia time was (220±14) min, the operation time was (187±11) min, and the CO(2) pneumoperitoneum time was (180±13) min. The PaCO(2) and PETCO(2) were significantly elevated at 1.5 h after operation compared with those at the baseline (before pneumoperitoneum) (Pda vinci S robotics. However, the duration of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum is significantly increased compared to that of other surgical procedures, resulting in high airway resistance and acid-base disturbance.

Tariff proposal of the Commission of energy regulation from February 28, 2008 for the use of public natural gas distribution networks; Proposition tarifaire de la Commission de regulation de l'energie du 28 fevrier 2008 pour l'utilisation des reseaux publics de distribution de gaz naturel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-01

With the complete opening of natural gas markets to competition and the legal separation of distribution networks, Gaz de France Reseau Distribution requested the implementation of a new tariff of use of gas distribution networks to the Commission of energy regulation (CRE). A new tariff of networks utilisation has thus been proposed by CRE after a public consultation and the audition of gas suppliers. This tariff foresees a 5.6% increase of the present day tariff by July 1, 2008. The impact on the end-users' gas retail price will be a 1.5% rise of the regulated tariff. (J.S.)

Tariff proposal of the Commission of energy regulation from February 28, 2008 for the use of public natural gas distribution networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

With the complete opening of natural gas markets to competition and the legal separation of distribution networks, Gaz de France Reseau Distribution requested the implementation of a new tariff of use of gas distribution networks to the Commission of energy regulation (CRE). A new tariff of networks utilisation has thus been proposed by CRE after a public consultation and the audition of gas suppliers. This tariff foresees a 5.6% increase of the present day tariff by July 1, 2008. The impact on the end-users' gas retail price will be a 1.5% rise of the regulated tariff. (J.S.)

Quantitative variation of melanins in alpaca (Lama pacos L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Antonini

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The amount of melanin pigments was investigated in 95 Peruvian alpaca, representative of six different fleece colours, by means of spectrophotometric assays: SpEM (Spectrophoto­metric Eumelanin, SpPM (Spectrophotometric Pheomelanin, SpASM (Spectrophotometric Alkali Soluble Melanin, and SpTM (Spectro­photometric Total Melanin. It was found that these melanin pigments were suitable for identifying three homogeneous groups, each consisting of two closely related colours. A low, an intermediate, and a high amount of SpASM, SpTM, and SpPM characterize pinkish grey and light reddish brown, brown and reddish brown, dark reddish brown and black fleeces, respectively. SpEM and SpTM provide a further split within this latter group; higher concentrations of these pigments distinguish black fleece from dark reddish brown.

Anthelmintic resistance in a herd of alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Science.gov (United States)

Galvan, Noe; Middleton, John R.; Nagy, Dusty W.; Schultz, Loren G.; Schaeffer, Josh W.

2012-01-01

A herd of alpacas was examined because of a history of severe endoparasitism, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and weight loss. Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to albendazole, fenbendazole, and doramectin was documented. This report suggests that anthelmintic resistance may be an emerging problem in South American camelids in North America. PMID:23729829

Effects of Changes in Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Partial Pressures on Cerebral Oximeter Performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Schober, Andrew; Feiner, John R; Bickler, Philip E; Rollins, Mark D

2018-01-01

Cerebral oximetry (cerebral oxygen saturation; ScO2) is used to noninvasively monitor cerebral oxygenation. ScO2 readings are based on the fraction of reduced and oxidized hemoglobin as an indirect estimate of brain tissue oxygenation and assume a static ratio of arterial to venous intracranial blood. Conditions that alter cerebral blood flow, such as acute changes in PaCO2, may decrease accuracy. We assessed the performance of two commercial cerebral oximeters across a range of oxygen concentrations during normocapnia and hypocapnia. Casmed FORE-SIGHT Elite (CAS Medical Systems, Inc., USA) and Covidien INVOS 5100C (Covidien, USA) oximeter sensors were placed on 12 healthy volunteers. The fractional inspired oxygen tension was varied to achieve seven steady-state levels including hypoxic and hyperoxic PaO2 values. ScO2 and simultaneous arterial and jugular venous blood gas measurements were obtained with both normocapnia and hypocapnia. Oximeter bias was calculated as the difference between the ScO2 and reference saturation using manufacturer-specified weighting ratios from the arterial and venous samples. FORE-SIGHT Elite bias was greater during hypocapnia as compared with normocapnia (4 ± 9% vs. 0 ± 6%; P oxygen saturation and mixed venous oxygen tension, as well as increased oxygen extraction across fractional inspired oxygen tension levels (P oxygen extraction (P < 0.0001). Changes in PaCO2 affect cerebral oximeter accuracy, and increased bias occurs with hypocapnia. Decreased accuracy may represent an incorrect assumption of a static arterial-venous blood fraction. Understanding cerebral oximetry limitations is especially important in patients at risk for hypoxia-induced brain injury, where PaCO2 may be purposefully altered.

Application of dead space fraction to titrate optimal positive end-expiratory pressure in an ARDS swine model.

Science.gov (United States)

Bian, Weishuai; Chen, Wei; Chao, Yangong; Wang, Lan; Li, Liming; Guan, Jian; Zang, Xuefeng; Zhen, Jie; Sheng, Bo; Zhu, Xi

2017-04-01

This study aimed to apply the dead space fraction [ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT)] to titrate the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a swine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Twelve swine models of ARDS were constructed. A lung recruitment maneuver was then conducted and the PEEP was set at 20 cm H 2 O. The PEEP was reduced by 2 cm H 2 O every 10 min until 0 cm H 2 O was reached, and VD/VT was measured after each decrement step. VD/VT was measured using single-breath analysis of CO 2 , and calculated from arterial CO 2 partial pressure (PaCO 2 ) and mixed expired CO 2 (PeCO 2 ) using the following formula: VD/VT = (PaCO 2 - PeCO 2 )/PaCO 2 . The optimal PEEP was identified by the lowest VD/VT method. Respiration and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during the periods of pre-injury and injury, and at 4 and 2 cm H 2 O below and above the optimal PEEP (Po). The optimal PEEP in this study was found to be 13.25±1.36 cm H 2 O. During the Po period, VD/VT decreased to a lower value (0.44±0.08) compared with that during the injury period (0.68±0.10) (P<0.05), while the intrapulmonary shunt fraction reached its lowest value. In addition, a significant change of dynamic tidal respiratory compliance and oxygenation index was induced by PEEP titration. These results indicate that minimal VD/VT can be used for PEEP titration in ARDS.

De Amsterdamse arbeidsmarkt en de recessie 'revisited' : actualisering d.d. oktober 2009

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Risseeuw, P.A.; Kerste, M.; Theeuwes, J.J.M.

2009-01-01

Dit rapport is een vervolg op het in april 2009, op de Eerste Amsterdamse Arbeidsmarkttop, gepresenteerde rapport De Amsterdamse arbeidsmarkt en de recessie. Het ten behoeve van dat onderzoek ontwikkelde sectormodel is verder aangescherpt, en gevoed met nieuwe cijfermateriaal aangaande de

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: prospective study on respiratory parameters Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: estudo prospectivo de parâmetros respiratórios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Regina Meira Almeida

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To verify how efficient respiratory parameters are in the follow-up of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS and to observe possible correlations between respiratory and nutritional functions. METHOD: Sixteen patients with probable or defined ALS were selected and evaluated over eight months using the following respiratory parameters: spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP, maximum expiratory pressure (MEP, arterial gasometry and pulse oximetry; and nutritional parameters such as body mass index (BMI and percentage weight loss. RESULTS: PaCO2 was a significant parameter to follow up disease evolution (p=0.051. There was significant correlation between MIP and MEP (r: 0.83; BMI and MIP (r: 0.70; BMI and MEP (r: 0.72; pulse oximetry and forced vital capacity (r: 0.57. CONCLUSION: PaCO2 was shown to be an efficient and significant parameter in the measurement of respiratory impairment; the correlations among MIP, MEP and BMI indicated that these are significant parameters for periodic clinical evaluation.OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia dos parâmetros respiratórios na evolução de indivíduos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA e identificar possíveis correlações entre função respiratória e nutricional. MÉTODO: 16 pacientes com diagnóstico provável ou definido de ELA foram selecionados por critérios definidos e avaliados, durante 8 meses, através de parâmetros respiratórios: espirometria, pressão inspiratória máxima (PIM, pressão expiratória máxima (PEM, gasometria arterial e oximetria de pulso; e parâmetros nutricionais: índice de massa corporal (IMC e porcentagem de perda de peso. RESULTADOS: PaCO2 foi um parâmetro significativo para acompanhar a evolução da doença (p=0.051. Houve correlação significante entre PIM e PEM (r: 0.83; IMC e PIM (r: 0.70; IMC e PEM (r: 0.72; oximetria de pulso e capacidade vital forçada (r: 0.57. CONCLUSÃO: PaCO2 foi marcador eficaz e significante para

Disainikaart : Baskimaa / Silvia Pärmann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pärmann, Silvia

2009-01-01

Baskimaa skulptoritest, moekunstnikest, disaineritest, arhitektidest, kunstnikest. Edouardo Chillida (1924-2002), Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895-1972), Koldo Barroso, Paco Rabanne (sünd. 1934), Iñaki Aspiazu (sünd. 1955), Nisa Goiburu (sünd. 1946), Jose Maria González Castillo (1927-2003), Itziar Okariz (sünd. 1965)

Fandango in the Franco Era: The Politics of Classification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Theresa Goldbach

2015-01-01

folclóricas del fandango funcionaban como puente entre el uso del imaginario andaluz por parte del gobierno, con fines turísticos, y la ortodoxia de puristas flamencos. Este trabajo considera también la importancia de especialistas como Paco Toronjo para asegurarsupervivencia del fandango como parte del canon flamenco.

Outage planning in nuclear power plants. A paradigm shift from an external towards an integrated project planning tool

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosemann, Andreas [Gesellschaft fuer integrierte Systemplanung (GIS) mbH, Weinheim (Germany)

2014-07-01

Latest demands on nuclear plant inspections are the ongoing actualisation of the outage plan on the basis of the current work progress and current events as well as the permanent access to the current planning status and work process of all people involved in the outage. Modern EAM systems (EAM: Enterprise Application Management) made up ground on established project planning tools with regard to functionalities for scheduling work orders. A shift towards an integrated planning in the EAM system increases the efficiency in the outage planning and improves the communication of current states of planning. (orig.)

Time-consuming (incommunication: Microdystopia of Social Network Acceleration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio FERNÁNDEZ VICENTE

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper studies the techno culture of acceleration from a sociological and genealogical perspective. It is a question of micro-power that transforms the social network Utopia into an autorestrainted Dystopia. The synchronisation with the others leads us to a communication flux 24/7. Therefore, the right to communicate throughout the social network becomes a horizontal implied must in order to join in the multiples conversations in real time. The permanent actualisation becomes a necessity and the user a time consumer. In a society where time is accelerated, communication turns structurally into incommunication.

L’encadrement juridique de la recherche translationnelle : tentative de cartographie d’une normativité plurielle

OpenAIRE

Léger-Riopel, Nicholas

2016-01-01

La recherche translationnelle, paradigme émergent de la recherche biomédicale, soulève une variété d’enjeux juridiques parfois inédits. À titre d’expression technique du programme de la recherche translationnelle, la multiplication des biobanques à l’échelle mondiale (ré)actualise certaines questions liées à l’encadrement éthique et juridique de la recherche biomédicale. À partir d’une définition permettant d’esquisser les pourtours d’une « carte » des différentes étapes sous-tendues par la r...

Outage planning in nuclear power plants. A paradigm shift from an external towards an integrated project planning tool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosemann, Andreas

2014-01-01

Latest demands on nuclear plant inspections are the ongoing actualisation of the outage plan on the basis of the current work progress and current events as well as the permanent access to the current planning status and work process of all people involved in the outage. Modern EAM systems (EAM: Enterprise Application Management) made up ground on established project planning tools with regard to functionalities for scheduling work orders. A shift towards an integrated planning in the EAM system increases the efficiency in the outage planning and improves the communication of current states of planning. (orig.)

Theories of normative ethics - an overview

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Fabienne

2007-01-01

in a larger sum of total of welfare in the world Egoism: We ought always to act so as to maximize the sum total of our own welfare. Duty ethics: There are universal duties and prohibition we always should follow, irrespective of the consequences of following them. Virtue ethics:  The most basic question...... is not what we ought to do, but what kind of persons we ought to be. Besides, the ethics of right, the ethics of care and theories of justice will be mentioned. The theories' advantages and problems will be actualised by relevant examples. Conclusion at discretion...

Measurement of the resonance escape probability; Mesure de l'absorption resonnante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anthony, J P; Bacher, P; Lheureux, L; Moreau, J; Schmitt, A P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

The average cadmium ratio in natural uranium rods has been measured, using equal diameter natural uranium disks. These values correlated with independent measurements of the lattice buckling, enabled us to calculate values of the resonance escape probability for the G1 reactor with one or the other of two definitions. Measurements were performed on 26 mm and 32 mm rods, giving the following values for the resonance escape probability p: 0.8976 {+-} 0.005 and 0.912 {+-} 0.006 (d. 26 mm), 0.8627 {+-} 0.009 and 0.884 {+-} 0.01 (d. 32 mm). The influence of either definition on the lattice parameters is discussed, leading to values of the effective integral. Similar experiments have been performed with thorium rods. (author) [French] Nous avons mesure le rapport cadmium moyen dans des barres d'uranium a l'aide de disques d'uranium naturel de meme diametre que ces dernieres. Ces mesures nous ont permis, conjointement avec des mesures de Laplacien du reseau, de determiner deux facteurs antitrappes du reacteur G1 correspondant a deux definitions exposees. Les mesures ont ete faites sur deux diametres de barres 26 et 32 mm. Resultats: 0.8976 {+-} 0.005 and 0.912 {+-} 0.006 (d. 26 mm), 0.8627 {+-} 0.009 and 0.884 {+-} 0.01 (d. 32 mm). L'influence de ces deux definitions sur les divers parametres du reseau, est discutee. La determination de 'p' pour un diametre de barres d'uranium de 26 mm, et les mesures de variation de Laplacien, nous ont permis de calculer une valeur de l'integrale effective correspondant a chaque definition. Les mesures analogues faites sur des barres de thorium sont egalement indiquees. (auteur)

Concerning the study of the irreversible magnetic behaviour of superconductivity; Contribution a l'etude du comportement magnetique irreversible des supraconducteurs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuhn, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-03-01

The influence of the presence of extended lattice defects on the magnetic behaviour has been studied for the case of type I superconductors, such as Re and Ta, and in a more quantitative manner for the type II superconductor niobium. In this case, measurements of the thermal conductivity have given an estimate of the relative concentration of lattice defects in each specimen. These measurements show that the larger the number of lattice defects, the more irreversible becomes the magnetization curve, and the larger becomes the values of the critical current, which is related by a simple model to the magnetization values. Finally, a study by transmission electron microscopy has confirmed on the one hand the diversity of the extended lattice defects and on the other hand has allowed the formulation of several hypothesis on their respective influence. [French] L'influence de la presence de defauts etendus sur le comportement magnetique a ete etudie pour des supraconducteurs de premiere espece, tels que le rhenium et le tantale, et plus quantitativement pour un supraconducteur de deuxieme espece, le niobium. Dans ce cas, des mesures de conductibilite thermique ont permis d'estimer la concentration relative des defauts du reseau dans chaque echantillon. Ces mesures montrent que plus les defauts du reseau sont nombreux, plus la courbe d'aimantation est irreversible, et plus les valeurs du courant critique, reliees par un modele simple aux valeurs de l'aimantation, sont elevees. Enfin une etude par microscopie electronique en transmission - a permis d'une part de constater la diversite des defauts etendus et d'autre part de formuler quelques hypotheses sur leurs influences respectives.

RTE 2008 carbon assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-05-01

After a brief presentation of the RTE (Reseau de Transport d'Electricite, Electricity Transport Network) company, this report proposes an assessment of the various carbon emissions related to the various aspects of the activities of this company: emissions related to fuels used within the activity (industrial processes, premise heating, air conditioning, ventilation), inner emission not related to any combustion (refrigerant gas evaporations and leakages, SF 6 emissions), emissions related to the transport of materials used within the company (particularly works materials), emissions related to people mobility (personnel and visitors), emission related to wastes produced by the company, and emissions related to the company's industrial and tertiary patrimony

Fast neutron flux in heavy water reactors; Flux de neutrons rapides dans les piles a eau lourde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brisbois, J; Katz, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France)

1966-07-01

The possibility of calculating the fast neutron flux in a natural uranium-heavy water lattice by superposition of the individual contributions of the different fuel elements was verified using a one-dimension Monte-Carlo code. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental measurements done in the core and reflector of the reactor AQUILON. (author) [French] La possibilite de calculer le flux de neutrons rapides dans un reseau d'uranium naturel a eau lourde par superposition des apports des divers barreaux, a ete verifiee en utilisant un code Monte-Carlo monodimensionel. Les resultats obtenus concordent avec des mesures experimentales effectuees dans le coeur et reacteur de la pile Aquilon. (auteurs)

Optimal clinical time for reliable measurement of transcutaneous CO2 with ear probes: counterbalancing overshoot and the vasodilatation effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Domingo, Christian; Canturri, Elisa; Moreno, Amalia; Espuelas, Humildad; Vigil, Laura; Luján, Manel

2010-01-01

To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and transcutaneous CO(2) (TcPCO(2)) in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO(2)). EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men) individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measurement of SpO(2) and TcPCO(2) with the SenTec monitor every two minutes until minute 20 and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Overshoot severity: (a) mild (0.1-1.9 mm Hg); (b) moderate (2-4.9 mm Hg); (c) severe: (>5 mm Hg). The mean difference was calculated for SpO(2) and TcPCO(2) and arterial values of PaCO(2) and SpO(2). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between monitor readings and blood values was calculated as a measure of agreement. The mean age was 63.1 ± 11.8 years. Spirometric values: FVC: 75.4 ± 6.2%; FEV(1): 72.9 ± 23.9%; FEV(1)/FVC: 70 ± 15.5%. ABG: PaO(2): 82.6 ± 13.2; PaCO(2): 39.9.1 ± 4.8 mmHg; SaO(2): 95.3 ± 4.4%. Overshoot analysis: overshoot was mild in 33 (36.3%) patients, moderate in 20 (22%) and severe in nine (10%); no overshoot was observed in 29 (31%) patients. The lowest mean differences between arterial blood gas and TcPCO(2) was -0.57 mmHg at minute 10, although the highest ICC was obtained at minutes 12 and 14 (>0.8). The overshoot lost its influence after minute 12. For SpO(2), measurements were reliable at minute 2. The optimal clinical reading measurement recommended for the ear lobe TcPCO(2) measurement ranges between minute 12 and 14. The SpO(2) measurement can be performed at minute 2.

Metabolic effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) insufflation during ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Metabolic effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) insufflation during laparoscopic surgery: changes in pH, arterial partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCo 2 ) and End Tidal Carbon Dioxide (EtCO 2 ) ... Respiratory adjustments were done for EtCO2 levels above 60mmHg or SPO2 below 92% or adverse haemodynamic changes.

Pildid räägivad lugusid, vorstid samuti / Andry Ervald

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ervald, Andry

2006-01-01

Koomiksinäitus Rakvere galeriis. Osa võtavad Peeter Krosmann (1971), Kristel Maamägi (1986), Lilli-Krõõt Repnau (1982), Elina Sildre (1980), Joonas Sildre (1980), Veiko Tammjärv (1967), Paco Ulman (1980), Edvin Aedma ja rühmitus Endorfin Fractured Communications. Kristel Maamägi oma töödest

Effect of nitric oxide blockade by NG-nitro-L-arginine on cerebral blood flow response to changes in carbon dioxide tension

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Qian; Paulson, O B; Lassen, N A

1992-01-01

The importance of nitric oxide (NO) for CBF variations associated with arterial carbon dioxide changes was investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats by using an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOLAG). CBF was measured by intracarotid injection of 133Xe. In normocapnia......, intracarotid infusion of 1.5, or 7.5, or 30 mg/kg NOLAG induced a dose-dependent increase of arterial blood pressure and a decrease of normocapnic CBF from 85 +/- 10 to 78 +/- 6, 64 +/- 5, and 52 +/- 5 ml 100 g-1 min-1, respectively. This effect lasted for at least 2 h. Raising PaCO2 from a control level of 40...... to 68 mm Hg increased CBF to 230 +/- 27 ml 100 g-1 min-1, corresponding to a percentage CBF response (CO2 reactivity) of 3.7 +/- 0.6%/mm Hg PaCO2 in saline-treated rats. NOLAG attenuated this reactivity by 32, 49, and 51% at the three-dose levels. Hypercapnia combined with angiotensin to raise blood...

Acute renal response to rapid onset respiratory acidosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramadoss, Jayanth; Stewart, Randolph H; Cudd, Timothy A

2011-03-01

Renal strong ion compensation to chronic respiratory acidosis has been established, but the nature of the response to acute respiratory acidosis is not well defined. We hypothesized that the response to acute respiratory acidosis in sheep is a rapid increase in the difference in renal fractional excretions of chloride and sodium (Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na)). Inspired CO(2) concentrations were increased for 1 h to significantly alter P(a)CO(2) and pH(a) from 32 ± 1 mm Hg and 7.52 ± 0.02 to 74 ± 2 mm Hg and 7.22 ± 0.02, respectively. Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na) increased significantly from 0.372 ± 0.206 to 1.240 ± 0.217% and returned to baseline at 2 h when P(a)CO(2) and pH(a) were 37 ± 0.6 mm Hg and 7.49 ± 0.01, respectively. Arterial pH and Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na) were significantly correlated. We conclude that the kidney responds rapidly to acute respiratory acidosis, within 30 min of onset, by differential reabsorption of sodium and chloride.

Supplemental oxygen effect on hypoxemia at moderate altitude in patients with COPD.

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly, Paul T; Swanney, Maureen P; Stanton, Josh D; Frampton, Chris; Peters, Matthew J; Beckert, Lutz E

2009-09-01

Altitude exposure will cause moderate to severe hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplemental oxygen can be used to attenuate this hypoxemia; however, individual response is variable and difficult to predict. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of oxygen supplementation in patients with COPD at a barometric pressure similar to that of a commercial aircraft cabin. Following sea-level (40 m) arterial blood gases measurements, 18 patients with COPD were driven to altitude (2086 m), where blood gases were repeated at rest and while on 2 L x min(-1) of supplementary oxygen (altitude O2). Ascent from sea level to altitude caused significant hypoxemia (75 +/- 9 vs. 51 +/- 6 mmHg), which was partially reversed by supplemental oxygen (64 +/- 9 mmHg). Oxygen supplementation did not significantly alter PaCO2 levels (vs. altitude PaCO2). There was a significant relationship between the sea-level CaO2 versus the altitude O2 CaO2 (r = 0.89, P commercial air travel in patients with COPD.

[Impaired lung function in patients with moderate chronic obstructive bronchitis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Popova, L A; Shergina, E A

2004-01-01

VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, TLC, TGV, RV, Raw, Rin, Rex, DLCO-SS, paO2 and paCO2 were determined in 22 patients with moderate chronic obstructive bronchitis (FEV1, 79-50% of the normal value). All the patients were found to have impaired bronchial patency, 90.9% of the patients had lung volume and capacity changes; pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction was present in 72.7%. Bronchial patency impairments were manifested by a decrease in FEV1, FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, and an increase in Raw, Rin, Rex. Changes in the lung volumes and capacities appeared as higher RV, TGV, TLC, lower VC and FVC. Pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction showed up as a reduction in pO2 and DLCO-SS a reduction and an increase in paCO2. The magnitude of the functional changes observed in most patients was low. Significant and pronounced disorders were seen in one third of the patients.

AMETH laboratories network activities; Activites du reseau de Laboratoires AMETH

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marimbordes, T.; Ould El Moctar, A.; Peerhossaini, H. [Nantes Univ., Ecole Polytechnique, UMR CNRS 6607, Lab. de Thermocinetique, 44 (France)] [and others

2000-07-01

The AMETH laboratories are a network for the improvement of thermal exchanges for one or two phases. This meeting of the 15 november 2000, dealt with the activities of this network of laboratories in the following topics: thermal-hydrodynamic instabilities and control of the limit layer; transfers with change in the liquid-vapor phase; transfers with change in the solid-liquid phase. Ten papers were presented. (A.L.B.)

EAN - The European ALARA Network; EAN - Le Reseau ALARA Europeen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitt-Hanning, A. [Office federal de la radioprotection (BfS) (Germany); Crouail, P.; Drouet, F. [Centre d' etude sur l' evaluation de la protection dans le domaine nucleaire (CEPN) (France); Shaw, P. [Agence de protection sanitaire (HPA) (United Kingdom); Vermeersch, F. [EAN, Centre d' etude de l' energie nucleaire (SCK-CEN) (Belgium)

2010-11-15

The optimisation of radiation protection, or ALARA principle, which requires that exposures to ionising radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable taking into account economic and societal factors, is the cornerstone of the radiation protection system since the late eighties. For many years now, cooperation of experts from different professional backgrounds and different organisations in the European ALARA Network (EAN) has significantly contributed to the development of the ALARA principle and its practical implementation in a range of radiation protection areas in Europe. This contribution presents the evolution and key activities of EAN as well as its mode of operation aiming at sharing experience and disseminating the ALARA culture in all relevant domains. It also describes the new challenges facing EAN and the strategic objectives of the Network for the forthcoming years. (author)

Introduction à la Mauritanie

OpenAIRE

Arnaud, Jean; Balans, Jean-Louis; Balans, Jean-Louis; Buu, Edouard Van; Chassey, Francis de; Chassey, Francis de; Cheikh, C.; Constantin, François; Coulon, Christian; Delarozière, M.F.; Désiré-Vuillemin, Geneviève; Flory, Maurice; Lavroff, Dmitri-Georges; Santucci, Jean-Claude; Traoré, A.

2013-01-01

La vocation séculaire de la Mauritanie a été de se vouloir un "pont" entre le Maghreb et l'Afrique noire car les déserts, comme les fleuves, unissent au moins autant qu'ils ne séparent. La jeune république mauritanienne s'est assignée de réactualiser cette mission, à la fois pour légitimer son entrée dans le concert des Etats-Nations, et pour se donner davantage de moyens dans sa lutte pour le développement et l'émancipation. Cette situation spécifique de la Mauritanie, qui en fait une des pr...

Fr. Sergius Bulgakov (1871-1944: A study in the Eastern Orthodox hermeneutical perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander I Negrov

2002-10-01

Full Text Available This study focuses on the hermeneutical theory of the Russian Orthodox theologian Fr. Sergius Bulgakov (1871-1944. It singles out the basic principles of that theory for discussion. The following principles are considered: the nature of the  Bible; the role of the Holy  Spirit in biblical interpretation; tradition as a hermeneutical principle; ecclesiastical reading; the actualisation of Scripture in personal and corporate life,  and the scope and limitations of scientific-critical inquiry.    An understanding of these fundamental tenets of Bulgakov’s hermeneutics is vital to a proper appreciation of Eastern Orthodoxy’s hermeneutical approach to the Bible.

De Galland à Dumas

OpenAIRE

Anselmini, Julie

2007-01-01

L’article s’intéresse à l’inscription des Mille et une Nuits dans Le Comte de Monte-Cristo d’Alexandre Dumas, et au rôle de cet hypotexte dans l’invention d’une poétique romanesque originale. Loin de n’être qu’un décor exotique, le féerique oriental s’actualise puissamment au sein du roman, par le biais du trésor mythique, qui donne au héros une omnipotence divine et lui permet d’édifier un monde parallèle conforme à ses désirs : Monte-Cristo et son entourage habitent l’Orient imaginaire des ...

Avicenne et le récit visionnaire. Verdier, collection « Islam spirituel », Paris-Lagrasse, 1999, 468 p (texte français) + 88 p. (texte arabe et persan).

OpenAIRE

Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali

2010-01-01

Grâce à Christian Jambet, directeur de cette collection chez l’éditeur Verdier, ce travail décisif de Henry Corbin, devenu progressivement d’accès difficile, est maintenant réédité dans les meilleures conditions (actualisation des références, translittérations des textes arabes et persans, harmonisation des notes, etc.). Rappelons simplement qu’il s’agit de la réédition, en un seul volume, de la Collection du Millénaire d’Avicenne : tome I, Le récit de Hayy ibn Yaqzan, Téhéran, 1952 ; tome II...

Actualisation de l'entomofaune des cultures maraîchères en Basse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Avec l'essor de nouveaux bassins de production maraîchère et la mise en place de fermes agricoles, le maraîchage en Basse Casamance est devenu une activité génératrice de revenus. Les insectes ravageurs et les acariens limitent la production des spéculations par leurs dégâts. Les études effectuées sur ...

A study of uranium-thorium mixed lattices; Etude de reseaux mixtes uranium - thorium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacher, P; Eckert, R; Mazancourt, R de [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

Some subcritical experiments have been carried out during the charging of the pile G1 by introducing thorium bars in a regular lattice into the pile. The spreading out of these experiments over a period of three months has permitted: a) work on a pile gradually increasing in size and b) measurements on comparable charges in so far that they have either the same number of bars of thorium, or the same concentration of thorium. From the measurements at constant charge and at constant concentration, it is possible by extrapolation to determine the critical charges and concentrations. The values obtained have showed that the material Laplacian of the lattice depends linearly on the thorium concentration and must cancel out for a concentration T = 8.8 {+-} 0.3 per cent by volume. These results have been found, to a very good approximation, by a simple calculation. (author) [French] Des experiences sous-critiques ont ete effectuees au cours du chargement de la pile G1 en introduisant des barres de thorium reparties suivant un reseau regulier dans la pile. L'etalement de ces experiences sur trois mois a permis d'operer sur une pile de plus en plus grosse et de faire un grand nombre de mesures sur des chargements comparables par le fait qu'ils avaient soit le meme nombre de barres de thorium, soit la meme concentration en thorium. A partir des mesures a chargement constant et a concentration constante, il a ete possible de determiner par extrapolation les chargements et concentrations critiques. Les valeurs obtenues ont montre que le laplacien matiere moyen du reseau dependait lineairement de la concentration en thorium, et devrait s'annuler pour une concentration T = 8,8 {+-} 0,3% en volume. Ces resultats ont ete retrouves avec une tres bonne approximation par un calcul elementaire. (auteur)

The idea of adequacy

African Journals Online (AJOL)

reach a target MAP during neuroprotection; to tolerate an elevated PaCO2 level with normal pH; to take into account the shift in a patient's autoregulation curve during anaesthesia; and, to buck the trend of a sedation hold in a 'precious airway' knowing the benefits of a sedation hold do not outweigh the risk of losing an ...

Nõela all : Igakuine vinüülitutvustus / DJ Drummie

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

DJ Drummie

1999-01-01

Plaatidest Sandy Rivera feat. LT Brown "Come Into My Room", Deep Sensation "Somehow, Shomewhere (Soul Heaven)", Brothers of Soul "Eyes of Love", Dr.Gary Henry "'Faith", Royal Palm "Hecho En Inglaterra", La Cellule "Sweet Entourage EP", Antonio "Hyperfunk", DJ Paco & Terry Laird feat. MC Adrian "M.U.G. EP vol 1", DJ Brockie & Ed Solo "Represents/Shodown", Fresh and Vegas "Otto's Way/ Heatwave"

Effects of the transcutaneous electrode temperature on the accuracy of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Line C; Brage-Andersen, Lene; Greisen, Gorm

2011-01-01

The harmful effect of hypocapnia on the neonatal brain emphasizes the importance of monitoring arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). Transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide (tcPCO2) reduces the need for arterial blood sampling. Drawbacks are high electrode temperature causing risks of skin...... burning. The aim was to determine the accuracy and precision of tcPCO2 at reduced electrode temperature....

To improve the efficiency of tools used to struggle against energy poverty. A requirement to avoid a two tier ecology transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fink, Meike; Zeroual, Bouchra; Dubreuil, Danyel; Mery, Jane; Moisan, Marie; Cheron, Marie; Cochard, David; Mattiucci, Christian

2017-08-01

This publication proposes an analysis of existing tools which are used to struggle against energy poverty, and propositions made by an association (Reseau Action Climat) to improve them. These tools are the ANAH's 'Habiter mieux' (better housing), tools for building energy retrofit, energy saving certificates, the energy cheque, the energy component of the decency decree, the tier financing and guarantee fund for energy retrofit, local aids to households in an energy poverty situation, self-renovation, quantitative easing, and aids to households in a poverty situation related to mobility. Proposals notably concern a specific fuel aid, and the possibility for modest households to buy a hybrid or electric vehicle

Physiological evaluation of free-ranging moose (Alces alces immobilized with etorphine-xylazine-acepromazine in Northern Sweden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evans Alina L

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Evaluation of physiology during capture and anesthesia of free-ranging wildlife is useful for determining the effect that capture methods have on both ecological research results and animal welfare. This study evaluates capture and anesthesia of moose (Alces alces with etorphine-xylazine-acepromazine in Northern Sweden. Methods Fifteen adult moose aged 3–15 years were darted from a helicopter with a combination of 3.37 mg etorphine, 75 mg xylazine, and 15 mg acepromazine. Paired arterial blood samples were collected 15 minutes apart with the first sample at 15–23 minutes after darting and were analyzed immediately with an i-STAT®1 Portable Clinical Analyzer. Results All animals developed hypoxemia (PaO2 2 5.5-8 kPa. All moose were acidemic (ph2, 14 moose had mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 6-8 kPa and two had marked hypercapnia (PaCO2>8 kPa. Pulse, respiratory rate, pH and HCO3 increased significantly over time from darting whereas lactate decreased. Conclusions The hypoxemia found in this study is a strong indication for investigating alternative drug doses or combinations or treatment with supplemental oxygen.

[Application of continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system "Paratrend 7" for pulmonary lavage of a patient with alveolar proteinosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Harigae, M; Hirose, Y; Gamo, M; Hirose, M; Fujiwara, C; Matsuo, K

1999-03-01

We applied a continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system (Paratrend 7) to a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during pulmonary lavage. Lavage was performed under general anesthesia with one lung ventilation. We inserted the sensor of Patatrend 7 through a 20 G catheter into the radial artery, and monitored pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 continuously throughout the procedure. SpO2 and EtCO2 were also monitored. Saline 1000-1500 ml was instilled and drained repeatedly by volume limited methods. PaO2 values by Paratrend 7 increased during instillation and decreased during drainage of the irrigating fluid. In contrast, PaCO2 value by Paratrend 7 decreased slightly during instillation and increased during drainage. The change of SpO2 was almost the same as that by Paratrend 7, but the response time of pulse oxymetry was a little quicker than Paratrend 7. During the lavage procedure, respiratory and circulatory condition changed very rapidly, and it is necessary to monitor blood gas change intensively. Paratrend 7 is useful as a perioperative monitoring system, but pulse oxymetry might be sufficient during pulmonary lavage considering its cost.

Determinants of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an experimental model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Marcelo; Costa, Eduardo Leite Vieira; Maciel, Alexandre Toledo; Silva, Débora Prudêncio E; Friedrich, Natalia; Barbosa, Edzangela Vasconcelos Santos; Hirota, Adriana Sayuri; Schettino, Guilherme; Azevedo, Luciano Cesar Pontes

2013-01-01

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has gained renewed interest in the treatment of respiratory failure since the advent of the modern polymethylpentene membranes. Limited information exists, however, on the performance of these membranes in terms of gas transfers during multiple organ failure (MOF). We investigated determinants of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer as well as biochemical alterations after the circulation of blood through the circuit in a pig model under ECMO support before and after induction of MOF. A predefined sequence of blood and sweep flows was tested before and after the induction of MOF with fecal peritonitis and saline lavage lung injury. In the multivariate analysis, oxygen transfer had a positive association with blood flow (slope = 66, Pmembrane PaCO(2) (slope = -0.96, P = 0.001) and SatO(2) (slope = -1.7, Ptransfer had a positive association with blood flow (slope = 17, Pmembrane PaCO(2) (slope = 1.2, Ptransfers were significantly determined by blood flow. Oxygen transfer was modulated by the pre-membrane SatO(2) and CO(2), while carbon dioxide transfer was affected by the gas flow, pre-membrane CO(2) and hemoglobin.

[Function in patients with chronic fibrocavernous tuberculosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Popova, L A; Shergina, E A

2008-01-01

Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, TLC, TGV, residual volume (RV), R(aw), R(in), R(ex), DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS, PaO2, and PaCO2 were determined in 62 patients with chronic fibrocavernous tuberculosis. Lung dysfunctions were detected in 96.8% of the patients. Changes in lung volumes and capacities were found in 90.3%, impaired bronchial patency was in 90.3%, and pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction was in 79.0%. The lung volume and capacity changes appeared as decreased VC and FVC, decreased and increased TLC, TGV, RV; impaired bronchial patency presented as decreased PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, and FEV1/VC%; and increased R(aw), R(in), R(ex); pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction manifested itself as reduced DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS, PaO2, and decreased and increased PaCO2. The magnitude of the observed functional changes ranges from slight to significant and drastic with a predominance of considerable and drastic changes in lung volumes and capacities and mild impairments of bronchial patency and pulmonary gas exchange function.

[Pulmonary function in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Popova, L A; Shergina, E A

2007-01-01

Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, TLC, TGV, pulmonary residual volume (PRV), R(aw), R(in),, R(ex), DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS, PaO2, and PaCO2 were determined in 103 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary dysfunction was detected in 83.5% of the patients. Changes were found in lung volumes and capacities in 63.1%, impaired bronchial patency and pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction were in 60.2 and 41.7%, respectively. The changes in pulmonary volumes and capacities appeared as increased PRV, decreased VC and FVC, and decreased and increased TGV and TLC; impaired bronchial patency presented as decreased PEF, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, FEV1/VC% and increased R(aw) R(in), and R(ex); pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction manifested itself as reduced DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS, and PaO2 and decreased and increased PaCO2. The magnitude of the observed functional changes was generally slight. Significant disorders were observed rarely and very pronounced ones were exceptional.

[Pulmonary function in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Nefedov, V B; Shergina, E A; Popova, L A

2007-01-01

Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/VC%, PEF, MEF25%, MEF50%, MEF75%, TLS, TGV, pulmonary residual volume (PRV), Raw, Rin, Rex, DLCO-SB, DLCO-SS, PaO2, and PaCO2 were determined in 29 patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary dysfunction was detected in 93.1% of the patients. Changes were found in lung volumes and capacities in 65.5%, impaired bronchial patency and pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction were in 79.3 and 37.9%, respectively. The changes in pulmonary volumes and capacities appeared as increased PRV, decreased VC, FVC, and TLS, decreased and increased TGV; impaired bronchial patency presented as decreased PEF, MEF25%, MEF50%, MEF75%, and FEV1/VC% and increased Raw, Rin, and Rex; pulmonary gas exchange dysfunction manifested itself as reduced DLCO-SS and PaO2 and decreased and increased PaCO2. The observed functional changes varied from slight to significant and pronounced with a preponderance of small disorders, a lower detection rate of significant disorders, and rare detection of very pronounced ones.

Forced vital capacity and not central chemoreflex predicts maximal hyperoxic breath-hold duration in elite apneists.

Science.gov (United States)

Bain, Anthony R; Barak, Otto F; Hoiland, Ryan L; Drvis, Ivan; Bailey, Damian M; Dujic, Zeljko; Mijacika, Tanja; Santoro, Antoinette; DeMasi, Daniel K; MacLeod, David B; Ainslie, Philip N

2017-08-01

The determining mechanisms of a maximal hyperoxic apnea duration in elite apneists have remained unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that maximal hyperoxic apnea duration in elite apneists is related to forced vital capacity (FVC) but not the central chemoreflex (for CO 2 ). Eleven elite apneists performed a maximal dry static-apnea with prior hyperoxic (100% oxygen) pre-breathing, and a central chemoreflex test via a hyperoxic re-breathing technique (hyperoxic-hypercapnic ventilatory response: HCVR); expressed as the increase in ventilation (pneumotachometry) per increase in arterial CO 2 tension (PaCO 2 ; radial artery). FVC was assessed using standard spirometry. Maximal apnea duration ranged from 807 to 1262s (mean=1034s). Average HCVR was 2.0±1.2Lmin -1 mmHg -1 PaCO 2 . The hyperoxic apnea duration was related to the FVC (r 2 =0.45, p0.05). These findings were interpreted to suggest that during a hyperoxic apnea, a larger initial lung volume prolongs the time before reaching intolerable discomfort associated with pending lung squeeze, while CO 2 sensitivity has little impact. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physical Properties of P.V.C. Attenuated Network Copolymers Produced by Ionizing Radiation; Proprietes physiques des copolymeres obtenus sous l'action de rayonnements ionisants et dont le reseau est attenue par l'effet du chlorure de polyvinyle; Fizicheskie svojstva polivinilkhloridnykh obednennykh tsepej sopolimerov, poluchennykh v rezul'tate vozdejstviya ioniziruyushchej radiatsii; Propiedades fisicas de los copolimeros de redes atenuadas por cloruro de polivinilo obtenidos por irradiacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinner, S H [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Hinxton Hall, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1960-07-15

- terme qui implique normalement la presence de longues chaines ramifiees - mais de reseaux allyliques attenues sous l'action d'un polymere. Ces produits reunissent les proprietes recherchees du polymere ascendant et celles du reseau allylique. La resistance a la traction, les modules d'elasticite et l'allongement des copolymeres a reseau attenue sont exposes et examines en fonction de la temperature ambiante ainsi que de la concentration et du nombre de groupes fonctionnels de l'ester allylique. L'auteur explique ainsi la resistance des produits au gonflement et a l'action chimique. (author) [Spanish] La reticulacion del cloruro de polivinilo por la accion de las radiaciones ionizantes plantea problemas especiales. A causa de los parametros de reticulacion y de ruptura de los enlaces transversales de este polimero que son mas bien desfavorables, las dosis de radiacion necesarias para obtener un elevado grado de reticulacion son, desde un punto de vista economico, excesivamente costosas y se producen simultaneamente efectos de decoloracion y de deshidrohalogenacion. Se han superado estos obstaculos anadiendo asteres de dialilo y trialilo al cloruro de polivinilo, antes de la irradiacion. De esta forma, se obtienen productos de elevado grado de reticulacion con dosis de radiaciones ionizantes relativamente pequenas. Al examinar las propiedades fisicas de estos productos, se observa que-no son simplemento copolimeros de injerto, termino que normalmente supone la presencia de largas cadenas ramificadas, sino que son redes alilicas atenuadas por polimeros. En este producto se combinan las valiosas propiedades del polimero original y de la red alilica. La resistencia a la traccion, el modulo de elasticidad y la elongacion de esos copolimeros se estudian en funcion de la temperatura y de la concentracion y caracteristicas funcionales del ester alilico. Tambien se estudia la turgencia y la resistencia quimica de los productos obtenidos. (author) [Russian] Obrazovanie

Phenylephrine decreases frontal lobe oxygenation at rest but not during moderately intense exercise

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brassard, Patrice; Seifert, Thomas; Wissenberg, Mads

2010-01-01

high-intensity exercise (-3%, P=not significant), where PaCO2 decreased 7% (Padministration of phenylephrine reduced ScO2 but that the increased cerebral metabolism needed for moderately intense exercise eliminated that effect....... the administration of phenylephrine during low-intensity exercise (approximately 15%), but this was attenuated (approximately 10%) during high-intensity exercise (Padministration of phenylephrine was attenuated during low-intensity exercise (-5%, P

Effect of Six Days of Staging on Physiologic Adjustments and Acute Mountain Sickness During Ascent to 4300 Meters

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation that was partially compensated for by increased excretion of HCO3 to maintain a normal pH following...carbon dioxide; RER, respiratory exchange quotient; Sao2, arterial oxygen saturation; Paco2, partial pressure of capillary-arterialized carbon dioxide...dioxide production; E=O2, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen; E=CO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; RER, respiratory exchange quotient

Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS: a randomized European multicenter open label study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, T L; Eeftinck Schattenkerk, J K; Jensen, B N

1992-01-01

.0 kPa (67.5 mm Hg) and/or a PaCO2 less than 4.0 kPa (30.0 mm Hg) while breathing room air. During the acute episode of PCP, 9 (31%) of the 29 control patients died versus 3 (10%) of the 30 CS patients; p = 0.01. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in 15 patients; 12 (41%) in the control group and 3...

Moderately high frequency ventilation with a conventional ventilator allows reduction of tidal volume without increasing mean airway pressure.

Science.gov (United States)

Cordioli, Ricardo Luiz; Park, Marcelo; Costa, Eduardo Leite Vieira; Gomes, Susimeire; Brochard, Laurent; Amato, Marcelo Britto Passos; Azevedo, Luciano Cesar Pontes

2014-12-01

The aim of this study was to explore if positive-pressure ventilation delivered by a conventional ICU ventilator at a moderately high frequency (HFPPV) allows a safe reduction of tidal volume (V T) below 6 mL/kg in a porcine model of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and at a lower mean airway pressure than high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). This is a prospective study. In eight pigs (median weight 34 [29,36] kg), ARDS was induced by pulmonary lavage and injurious ventilation. The animals were ventilated with a randomized sequence of respiratory rates: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, followed by HFOV at 5 Hz. At each step, V T was adjusted to allow partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) to stabilize between 57 and 63 mmHg. Data are shown as median [P25th,P75th]. After lung injury, the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio was 92 [63,118] mmHg, pulmonary shunt 26 [17,31]%, and static compliance 11 [8,14] mL/cmH2O. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 14 [10,17] cmH2O. At 30 breaths/min, V T was higher than 6 (7.5 [6.8,10.2]) mL/kg, but at all higher frequencies, V T could be reduced and PaCO2 maintained, leading to reductions in plateau pressures and driving pressures. For frequencies of 60 to 150/min, V T progressively fell from 5.2 [5.1,5.9] to 3.8 [3.7,4.2] mL/kg (p mechanics, auto-PEEP generation, hemodynamics, or gas exchange. Mean airway pressure was maintained constant and was increased only during HFOV. During protective mechanical ventilation, HFPPV delivered by a conventional ventilator in a severe ARDS swine model safely allows further tidal volume reductions. This strategy also allowed decreasing airway pressures while maintaining stable PaCO2 levels.

Noninvasive Assisted Ventilation in Pulmonary Gas Exchange Dysfunctions in Cardiac Surgical Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. N. Poptsov

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Postextubation pulmonary gas exchange dysfunctions are a potential complication in the activation of cardio-surgical patients in the early periods after surgical intervention. Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of noninvasive assisted ventilation (NIAV as a method for correcting the pulmonary gas exchange disturbances developing after early activation of cardiosurgical patients. Subjects and methods. The study included 64 patients (36 males and 28 females aged 21 to 72 (54±2 years who had been operated on under extracorporeal circulation (EC. The duration of EC and myocardial ischemia was 104±6 and 73±4 min, respectively. The indications for NIAV were the clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure (ARF and/or PaCO2>50 mm Hg and/or PaO2/FiO2Results. During NIAV, there was improvement (p<0.05 of lung oxygenizing function (the increase in PaO2/FiO2 was 23%, a reduction in Qs/Qt from 21.1±1.9 to 13.9±1.0% (p<0.05. NIAV was accompanied by a decrease in PaCO2 (p<0.05. Hypercapnia regressed in 7 patients with isolated lung ventilatory dysfunction (PaCO2>50 mm Hg an hour after initiation of NIAV. During and after NIAV, there were reductions in right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary pressure, indexed total pulmonary vascular resistance (ITPVR (p<0.05. Prior to, during, and following NIAV, mean blood pressure, cardiac index, and indexed total pulmonary vascular resstance did not change greatly. In hypercapnia, the duration of NIAV was significantly less than that in lung oxygenizing function (2.8±0.2 hours versus 4.7±0.5 hours. That of ICU treatment was 23±4 hours. Fifty-two (81% patients were transferred from ICUs to cardiosurgical units on the following day after surgery. Conclusion. In most cases, NIAV promotes a rapid and effective correction of postextubation lung ventilatory and oxygenizing dysfunctions occurring after early activation of cardiosurgical patients. Key words: non-invasive assisted ventilation, early

Optimal Clinical Time for Reliable Measurement of Transcutaneous CO2 with Ear Probes: Counterbalancing Overshoot and the Vasodilatation Effect

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manel Luján

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO and transcutaneous CO2 (TcPCO2 in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measurement of SpO2 and TcPCO2 with the SenTec monitor every two minutes until minute 20 and arterial blood gas (ABG analysis. Overshoot severity: (a mild (0.1–1.9 mm Hg; (b moderate (2–4.9 mm Hg; (c severe: (>5 mm Hg. The mean difference was calculated for SpO2 and TcPCO2 and arterial values of PaCO2 and SpO2. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC between monitor readings and blood values was calculated as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.1 ± 11.8 years. Spirometric values: FVC: 75.4 ± 6.2%; FEV1: 72.9 ± 23.9%; FEV1/FVC: 70 ± 15.5%. ABG: PaO2: 82.6 ± 13.2; PaCO2: 39.9.1 ± 4.8 mmHg; SaO2: 95.3 ± 4.4%. Overshoot analysis: overshoot was mild in 33 (36.3% patients, moderate in 20 (22% and severe in nine (10%; no overshoot was observed in 29 (31% patients. The lowest mean differences between arterial blood gas and TcPCO2 was –0.57 mmHg at minute 10, although the highest ICC was obtained at minutes 12 and 14 (>0.8. The overshoot lost its influence after minute 12. For SpO2, measurements were reliable at minute 2. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal clinical reading measurement recommended for the ear lobe TcPCO2 measurement ranges between minute 12 and 14. The SpO2 measurement can be performed at minute 2.

Variability of Acid-Base Status in Acetate-Free Biofiltration 84% versus Bicarbonate Dialysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harzallah Kais

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The ultimate goal of hemodialysis (HD treatment is to achieve the highest level of efficacy in the presence of maximal clinical tolerance. With an aim to offer good hemodynamic stability, as observed during the acetate-free biofiltration 14% (AFB 14% to patients who are intolerant to bicarbonate dialysis (BD and with less cost, we have developed since June 1994, a new HD technique, namely AFB 84%. This study was carried out to analyze acid-base variations during the AFB 84% in comparison to BD in hemodynamically stable patients on regular HD. This was a prospective randomized crossover study carried out on 12 patients (6 males and 6 females for a total of 144 HD sessions (72 BD and 72 AFB 84%. Patients with decompensated cardiomyopathy, respiratory diseases or uncontrolled hypertension were not included in the trial. All the patients were treated with BD or AFB 84%; the latter is characterized by the absence of acetate in the dialysate and a complete correction of buffer balance by post-dilutional infusion of bicarbonate-based replacement solution. The comparison of pre-dialysis arterial acid-base and blood-gas parameters revealed no significant differences of pH, HCO 3 - and paCO 2 levels between the two techniques. Analysis of post-dialysis parameters showed that, among patients dialyzed with BD, there was over correction of metabolic acidosis with a tendency towards metabolic alkalosis. In contrast, in patients dialyzed with AFB 84%, we observed a significant improvement in pH and HCO 3 - levels but the increase in paCO2 level was not significant. A comparison of these parameters between the two techniques showed statistically significant difference in pH, HCO3 - and paCO2 levels, but not for paO2 level. AFB 84% can offer some important advantages with the complete absence of acetate from the substitution fluids, and permits a better correction of metabolic acidosis than BD, without causing alkalosis.

Optimal Clinical Time for Reliable Measurement of Transcutaneous CO2 with Ear Probes: Counterbalancing Overshoot and the Vasodilatation Effect

Science.gov (United States)

Domingo, Christian; Canturri, Elisa; Moreno, Amalia; Espuelas, Humildad; Vigil, Laura; Luján, Manel

2010-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and transcutaneous CO2 (TcPCO2) in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO2). EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men) individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measurement of SpO2 and TcPCO2 with the SenTec monitor every two minutes until minute 20 and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Overshoot severity: (a) mild (0.1–1.9 mm Hg); (b) moderate (2–4.9 mm Hg); (c) severe: (>5 mm Hg). The mean difference was calculated for SpO2 and TcPCO2 and arterial values of PaCO2 and SpO2. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between monitor readings and blood values was calculated as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.1 ± 11.8 years. Spirometric values: FVC: 75.4 ± 6.2%; FEV1: 72.9 ± 23.9%; FEV1/FVC: 70 ± 15.5%. ABG: PaO2: 82.6 ± 13.2; PaCO2: 39.9.1 ± 4.8 mmHg; SaO2: 95.3 ± 4.4%. Overshoot analysis: overshoot was mild in 33 (36.3%) patients, moderate in 20 (22%) and severe in nine (10%); no overshoot was observed in 29 (31%) patients. The lowest mean differences between arterial blood gas and TcPCO2 was −0.57 mmHg at minute 10, although the highest ICC was obtained at minutes 12 and 14 (>0.8). The overshoot lost its influence after minute 12. For SpO2, measurements were reliable at minute 2. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal clinical reading measurement recommended for the ear lobe TcPCO2 measurement ranges between minute 12 and 14. The SpO2 measurement can be performed at minute 2. PMID:22315552

Why do men choose to become pedagogues?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wohlgemuth, Ulla Gerner

2015-01-01

This article reports the results from a study on reasons for choosing social education for a profession when you are a man. The study concluded that multiple job opportunities and caring for others is a strong motive for men along with possible further studies. The study also disclosed that many...... is one thing, recruiting men to ECE work is quite another matter, especially when gender and ECE hold very strong gender-associated expectations....... men still encounter incomprehension when stating their choice of career. The study is actualised by five new projects supported by the Ministry of Children, Gender Equality, Integration and Social Affairs (MBLIS). These five projects are engaged to seek new ways within attraction and recruitment...

Books on Prescription - community-based health initiative to increase access to mental health treatment: an evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Carty, Sophie; Thompson, Louise; Berger, Sarah; Jahnke, Katie; Llewellyn, Rebecca

2016-06-01

To evaluate the implementation of a regional Books on Prescription (BoP) programme. Seven data collection pathways were used to provide indicators of program implementation, utilisation, acceptability and reach. BoP is seen by prescribers, librarians and consumers as a valuable mental health resource. Key areas for improvement were identified: booklist literacy level and breadth of topic area; confidentiality; program promotion; and prescriber/librarian training. Recommendations are made regarding the improvement of programme acceptability, accessibility and assessment. The establishment of a national BoP scheme would facilitate sustainable and consistent methods for BoP promotion and assessment. The authors hope this evaluation is a step towards actualising this goal. © 2015 Public Health Association of Australia.

The seductive superego: the trauma of self-betrayal.

Science.gov (United States)

Josephs, L

2001-08-01

The author describes a pathological manifestation of the approving superego that functions as a perversely seductive superego. In this process, the seductive superego rationalises and makes ego-syntonic a gratification of forbidden wishes that will result in unconscious punishment. The author argues that the seductive superego torments the self by teasing it with the presence of a tantalising but forbidden object of desire and then by inflicting shame on the self for its timidity, which prevents it from pursuing the object in spite of the dangers. He suggests that the seductive superego inflicts a betrayal trauma upon the self by unconsciously actualising a sado-masochistic fantasy of seduction, surrender and betrayal, along with a humiliating punishment for surrendering.

Kohstall Florian et Vairel Frédéric (dir., Fabrique des élections, Égypte. Monde Arabe, n°7, 3e série, 2010-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah Ben Néfissa

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Suite aux soulèvements et révolutions, un vaste chantier électoral attend les pays arabes. La légitimité des « urnes » va progressivement succéder à la légitimité de la « rue », et la sociologie électorale est en bonne voie de réactualisation et de renouvellement de ses paradigmes avec les exemples des pays de la région. Cette étape historique particulière rehausse l’importance de la publication récente du numéro de la revue du CEDEJ, Égypte-Monde arabe, intitulé Fabrique des élections, et di...

District cool water distribution; Reseau urbain et distribution d`eau glacee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schabaillie, D. [Ste Climespace (France)

1997-12-31

The city of Paris has developed several district cool water distribution networks (Climespace) for air conditioning purposes, one in the Halles district (central Paris) linked with the Louvre museum, one in the Opera district (with large department stores) and one in the east of paris (Bercy). Each of these networks has a cool water production plant, the one at the Halles producing also hot water and safety electric power. The characteristics of the equipment (heat pumps, refrigerating machinery, storage...) are described. The pipes are laid in the city sewage network, and the cool carrier is water. The various networks are centrally supervised at the Halles center

The multi service cable network along a natural gas network for urban distribution; Reseau cable multiservice associe a un reseau de gaz naturel pour la consommation publique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markovic, D.; Krsmanovic, Z. [NIS-Energogas (Yugoslavia)

2000-07-01

The paper discusses parallel construction and development of natural gas and telecommunications projects in Europe, with an emphasis on the situation in FR Yugoslavia. Deregulation of postal services has created an opportunity for joint construction of multipurpose cable networks and gas distribution systems. Advantages are shown of such joint construction of gas pipeline and cable systems, and the strategy of further development of telecommunications and gas supply projects in FR Yugoslavia is presented. (authors)

Case law: Canada, France, Switzerland, United States

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2012-01-01

Canada: Appellate decision upholding nuclear regulatory licensing process and practices for consultation with aboriginal groups: Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation v. Canada (Attorney General). France: Court of Appeal of Nimes regarding the SOCATRI incident in July 2008; Conseil d'Etat regarding the association Reseau 'Sortir du nucleaire'. Switzerland: Judgement of the Federal Administrative Court in the matter of Balmer-Schafroth a.o.v. BKW FMB Energy Ltd on the repeal of the time limitation with respect to the operating licence for the Muehleberg nuclear power plant. United States: Judgement of a US District Court granting a permanent injunction against the State of Vermont in order to prevent certain State laws from prohibiting Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant's continued operation

Magnetic rotational polarisation in plasmas. Application to the measurement of electronic density; Polarisation rotatoire magnetique dans les plasmas. Application a la mesure de la densite electronique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Consoli, Terenzio; Dagai, Michel [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA (France)

1960-07-01

The rotation of a linearly polarised wave passing through a layer of plasma is determined. A network of curves enables these results to be applied to the electronic density measurement in a plasma during its evolution. Reprint of a paper published in Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, t. 250, p. 1010-1012, sitting of 8 February 1960 [French] On determine la rotation d'une onde polarisee lineairement, traversant une couche de plasma. Un reseau de courbes permet d'appliquer ces resultats a la mesure de la densite electronique d'un plasma en evolution. Reproduction d'un article publie dans les Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, t. 250, p. 1010-1012, seance du 8 fevrier 1960.

Market tools: the immaterial part of the electricity transmission network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maillard, Dominique

2014-01-01

The author first evokes the activities of RTE (Reseau de transport d'electricite - the French power transmission network) to improve the performance of its technical and industrial equipment (notably equipment evolution, maintenance policies) with, for example, the installation of a fibre optic network for network control automation, the development of software for a better exploitation and steering of electricity fluxes, notably the electricity produced by wind and photovoltaic power. He more particularly addresses the role of RTE in the construction of the electricity market. He outlines the role of the European electricity market in the economic optimization, the new approaches and tools for a higher flexibility of the electric system, the expertise of RTE, and the perspective of always more smart grids

Development of a photogrammetry technique for large-area deformation monitoring in coal mining areas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Redweik, P.M.

1993-01-01

The investigations of ground movements in coal mining areas during the past 10 years have been performed by methods of aerial photogrammetry. The ground points used for the determination of the movement in urban areas are manhole covers. The measurements must be repeated every three or four years. These facts have motivated the development of a new automatic method for measuring photo coordinates. This method is implemented on the Rollei RS1 (Reseau-Scanner Monocomparator. The approximate photo coordinates that are needed for this instrument can be computed from the old ground coordinates of each point. The manhole cover will be first recognised with a sort of template matching. Its central point will then be computed by using an ellipse operator. (orig.) [de

Uus plaat

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Uutest plaatidest Helloween "Rabbit Don't Come Easy", David Byrne "grown Backwards", Joss Stone "The Soul Session", Bass boom 3 "Faster Harder Louder", Lisa Miskovsky "Fallingwater", Paco de Lucia "Cositas Buenos", Soundtrack "Once Upon A Time In Mexico", Vanilla Ninja "Don't Go Too Fast", Novaspace "Cubes", "Elmari tantsuõhtu 4.", The Von Bondies "Pawn Snappe Heart", Godsmack "The Other Side", George Michael "Patience", Eric Clapton "Me and Mr Johnson"

Micromusic / Gino Esposto ; interv. Tilman Baumgärtel

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Esposto, Gino

2006-01-01

Šveitsis Gino Esposto poolt 1999. a. rajatud Micromusic loob ja kogub muusikat, mis on loodud ajalooliste arvutitega või kõlab selliselt, kuid on mõeldud praeguste tantsusõprade jaoks. 1999. aastast on koos tegutsenud Paco Manzanares (alias Wanga, sünd. 1962), Michael Burkhardt (alias SuperB, sünd. 1966) ja G. Esposto (alias Carl, sünd. 1973). 17. XI 2000. a. peetud telefonivestlus G. Espostoga

A review of the nutritional content and technological parameters of indigenous sources of meat in South America.

Science.gov (United States)

Saadoun, A; Cabrera, M C

2008-11-01

Meat yields, proximate compositions, fatty acids compositions and technological parameters are reviewed for species which might be further developed as indigenous sources of meat in South America. These include the alpaca (Lama pacos), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), guanaco (Lama guanicoe), llama (Lama glama), nutria (Myocastor coypus), collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), greater rhea (Rhea americana), lesser rhea (Rhea pennata), yacare (Caiman crocodilus yacare), tegu lizard (Tupinambis merianae) and green iguana (Iguana iguana).

Cerebral blood volume reactivity to hypercapnia measured with 11C-labelled carboxyhemoglobin and positron emission tomography. Chapter 8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanno, Iwao; Uemera, Kazuo; Murakami, Matsutaro; Shishido, Fumio; Tomura, Noriaki

1988-01-01

The purpose of the present study to examine the regionality of the CBV reactivity to changes in PaCO2 employing 11C-labelled carboxyhemoglobin and positron emission tomography (PET). The study was caried out using sequential scans obtained by PET followinng a single administration by the 11CO inhalation method during which activation of either hypercapnia or hypocapnia was induced in the subject. 7 refs.; 6 figs.; 2 tabs

Factors affecting actualisation of the WHO breastfeeding recommendations in urban poor settings in Kenya.

Science.gov (United States)

Kimani-Murage, Elizabeth W; Wekesah, Frederick; Wanjohi, Milka; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Ezeh, Alex C; Musoke, Rachel N; Norris, Shane A; Madise, Nyovani J; Griffiths, Paula

2015-07-01

Poor breastfeeding practices are widely documented in Kenya, where only a third of children are exclusively breastfed for 6 months and only 2% in urban poor settings. This study aimed to better understand the factors that contribute to poor breastfeeding practices in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. In-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with women of childbearing age, community health workers, village elders and community leaders and other knowledgeable people in the community. A total of 19 IDIs, 10 FGDs and 11 KIIs were conducted, and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded in NVIVO and analysed thematically. We found that there was general awareness regarding optimal breastfeeding practices, but the knowledge was not translated into practice, leading to suboptimal breastfeeding practices. A number of social and structural barriers to optimal breastfeeding were identified: (1) poverty, livelihood and living arrangements; (2) early and single motherhood; (3) poor social and professional support; (4) poor knowledge, myths and misconceptions; (5) HIV; and (6) unintended pregnancies. The most salient of the factors emerged as livelihoods, whereby women have to resume work shortly after delivery and work for long hours, leaving them unable to breastfeed optimally. Women in urban poor settings face an extremely complex situation with regard to breastfeeding due to multiple challenges and risk behaviours often dictated to them by their circumstances. Macro-level policies and interventions that consider the ecological setting are needed. © 2014 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Caracterizaci??n de la carne y Charqui de Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

OpenAIRE

Salv?? Ruiz, Bettit Karim

2011-01-01

280 p. Dentro de los cam??lidos, la alpaca constituye una prueba viviente del notable desarrollo pecuario alcanzado en la regi??n andina por las civilizaciones del antiguo Per??. Su gran capacidad de adaptaci??n hace posible el aprovechamiento de extensas zonas del ??rea andina que, por las limitaciones impuestas de altitud, no son aptas para la actividad agr??cola ni para la explotaci??n econ??mica de otras especies. El presente trabajo se ha realizado para conocer las c...

Tolerance of hypercapnic acidosis by the European eel, Anguilla anguilla

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKenzie, DJ; Dalla Valle, AZ; Steffensen, JF

2000-01-01

to progressive hypercapnia (20 min at Pw,CO2 values of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg) caused a linear increase in arterial PCO2 (Pa,CO2) from 3.5 ± 0.4 mmHg in normocapnia to 44.9 ± 2.6 at Pw,CO2 = 80 mmHg, coupled to respective declines in arterial pH (pHa) from 7.86 ± 0.02 to 7.16 ± 0.04 and in arterial total O2...... content (ca,O2) from 9.6 ± 0.7 to 2.0 ± 0.5 vol%. There was a significant increase in fG and POP at Pw,CO2 values of 10, 20, 40 mmHg, then a decline in fG but further increase in POP at Pw,CO2 = 60 and 80 mmHg. Despite the severe acidosis and hypoxaemia, there were no significant effects on CO or O2...... uptake. Eels exposed for 3 months to chronic hypercapnia (Pw,CO2 values of control, 15, 30 or 45 mmHg) were anaesthetised, cannulated and recovered as described above, at the appropriate Pw,CO2. In all groups, Pa,CO2 was about 3 mmHg above Pw,CO2, and hypercapnic eels exhibited a marked accumulation...

Endovascular vein harvest: systemic carbon dioxide absorption.

Science.gov (United States)

Maslow, Andrew M; Schwartz, Carl S; Bert, Arthur; Hurlburt, Peter; Gough, Jeffrey; Stearns, Gary; Singh, Arun K

2006-06-01

Endovascular vein harvest (EDVH) requires CO(2) insufflation to expand the subcutaneous space, allowing visualization and dissection of the saphenous vein. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of CO(2) absorption during EDVH. Prospective observational study. Single tertiary care hospital. Sixty patients (30 EDVH and 30 open-vein harvest) undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Hemodynamic, procedural, and laboratory data were collected prior to (baseline), during, and at it the conclusion (final) of vein harvesting. Data were also collected during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Data were compared by using t tests, analysis of variance, and correlation statistics when needed. There were significant increases in arterial CO(2) (PaCO(2), 35%) and decreases in pH (1.35%) during EDVH. These were associated with increases in heart rate, mean blood pressure, and cardiac output. Within the EDVH group, greater elevations (>10 mmHg) in PaCO2 were more likely during difficult harvest procedures, and these patients exhibited greater increase in heart rate. Elevated CO(2) persisted during CPB, requiring higher systemic gas flows and greater use of phenylephrine to maintain desired hemodynamics. EDVH was associated with systemic absorption of CO(2). Greater absorption was more likely in difficult procedures and was associated with greater hemodynamic changes requiring medical therapy.

Metabolic alkalosis contributes to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adult cystic fibrosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Holland, Anne E; Wilson, John W; Kotsimbos, Thomas C; Naughton, Matthew T

2003-08-01

and study objectives: Patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis (CF) develop respiratory failure and hypercapnia. In contrast to COPD patients, altered electrolyte transport and malnutrition in CF patients may predispose them to metabolic alkalosis and, therefore, may contribute to hypercapnia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic alkalosis in adults with hypercapnic respiratory failure in the setting of acute exacerbations of CF compared with COPD. Levels of arterial blood gases, plasma electrolytes, and serum albumin from 14 consecutive hypercapnic CF patients who had been admitted to the hospital with a respiratory exacerbation were compared with 49 consecutive hypercapnic patients with exacerbations of COPD. Hypercapnia was defined as a PaCO(2) of > or = 45 mm Hg. Despite similar PaCO(2) values, patients in the CF group were significantly more alkalotic than were those in the COPD group (mean [+/- SD] pH, 7.43 +/- 0.03 vs 7.37 +/- 0.05, respectively; p respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis was evident in 71% of CF patients and 22% of COPD patients (p alkalosis contributes to hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults with acute exacerbations of CF. This acid-base disturbance occurs in conjunction with reduced total body salt levels and hypoalbuminemia.

Initiation of non-invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and clinical practice guidelines: Single-centre, retrospective, descriptive study in a national reference centre.

Science.gov (United States)

Georges, Marjolaine; Golmard, Jean-Louis; Llontop, Claudia; Shoukri, Amr; Salachas, François; Similowski, Thomas; Morelot-Panzini, Capucine; Gonzalez-Bermejo, Jésus

2017-02-01

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), respiratory muscle weakness leads to respiratory failure. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) maintains adequate ventilation in ALS patients. NIV alleviates symptoms and improves survival. In 2006, French guidelines established criteria for NIV initiation based on limited evidence. Their impact on clinical practice remains unknown. Our objective was to describe NIV initiation practices of the main French ALS tertiary referral centre with respect to guidelines. In this retrospective descriptive study, 624 patients followed in a single national reference centre began NIV between 2005 and 2013. We analysed criteria used to initiate NIV, including symptoms, PaCO 2 , forced vital capacity, maximal inspiratory pressures and time spent with SpO 2 NIV initiation, 90% of patients were symptomatic. Median PaCO 2 was 48 mmHg. The main criterion to initiate NIV was 'symptoms' followed by 'hypercapnia' in 42% and 34% of cases, respectively. NIV was initiated on functional parameters in only 5% of cases. Guidelines were followed in 81% of cases. In conclusion, despite compliance with French guidelines, the majority of patients are treated at the stage of symptomatic daytime hypoventilation, which suggests that NIV is initiated late in the course of ALS. Whether this practice could be improved by changing guidelines or increasing respiratory-dedicated resources remains to be determined.

Dynamic CO₂ inhalation: a novel treatment for CSR-CSA associated with CHF.

Science.gov (United States)

Wan, Zhi Hui; Wen, Fang Jing; Hu, Ke

2013-05-01

Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) is very common in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). A current concept of the key pathophysiological mechanism leading to CSR-CSA is a fluctuation of PaCO2 below and above the apneic threshold. A number of therapeutic approaches for CSR-CSA have been proposed-all with varying success, some of which include various modes of positive airway pressure among other strategies. However, CO2 oscillations seen in CSR-CSA have yet to be looked at as a specific therapeutic target by current treatments. Previous studies have shown that delivery of constant CO2 is efficacious in eliminating CSR-CSA by raising PaCO2, but there are serious concerns about the potential side effects, such as unwanted elevations in ventilation, work of breathing, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and consequently CO2 inhalation therapy has not been recommended as a routine option for therapy. However, recent new studies into CO2 inhalation therapy have been made that may reshape its role as therapeutic. In this review, we will focus on the recent developments of administration of dynamic CO2 in the management of CSR-CSA in CHF patients.

Regulation of acid-base status in ectothermic vertebrates: the consequences for oxygen pressures in lung gas and arterial blood.

Science.gov (United States)

Glass, M L; Soncini, R

1995-01-01

Extensive literature reports a negative delta pHa/delta t in ectothermic vertebrates, but data are scarce as to its consequences for O2 transport. In reptiles, the negative delta pHa/delta t results from an elevated lung gas PCO2 (PACO2) at higher temperatures, implying a corresponding fall of PAO2. In parallel, arterial PO2 rises with temperature, due to a combination of central vascular shunt and decreasing Hb.O2 affinity. As a result, the PO2 gradient between lung gas and blood (PA-aO2) becomes reduced at higher temperatures. In amphibians, the negative delta pHa/delta t results from combined cutaneous and pulmonary CO2 elimination. We propose that this leads to a rather temperature-independent lung gas PO2. Moreover, our calculations suggest that resting reptiles and amphibians maintain a relatively large PA-aO2 also at high temperatures. The negative delta pHa/delta t in teleost fish is generally considered to be a result of modulated plasma [HCO3-]. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that acute pH adjustments at high temperatures may involve alterations of PaCO2 through gill ventilation, leading to a decrease of PaO2 with rising temperature.

Effectiveness of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange versus traditional preoxygenation followed by apnoeic oxygenation in delaying desaturation during apnoea: A preliminary study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sunil Rajan

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background and Aims: Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE during apnoea has shown to delay desaturation. The primary objective was to compare time to desaturate to 200 mmHg even at 12 min of apnoea with a significant rise in PaCO2along with fall in pH after 6 min. Conclusion: During apnoeic periods time to desaturate to <90% was significantly prolonged with use of THRIVE.

Introduction into thermodynamics. From elements to technical applications. 13. rev. and enl. ed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerbe, G.; Hoffmann, H.J.

2002-01-01

This textbook has been proved for more than 30 years and has been regularly revised and updated. Thus, recent developments in energy conversion and environmental protection have constantly been taken into account. Tabulated values and standards reflect the current state of things. The book's basic concept was maintained without change from the first to the twelfth edition: leading over from well-founded thermodynamic theory to technical applications, closeness to practice because of many examples with solutions and tasks with solution results, the opportunity for self-study with 130 examples, 135 tasks and 175 control questions with answers, and high usability because of many tables and direct-information diagrams. The 13th edition was actualised and enhanced by combined-cycle power plants and fuel cells. (orig./GL) [de

Don Quijote: de la prosa cervantina al teatro contemporáneo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orazi, Veronica

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Study of six of the most recent and outstanding dramatisations (1999-2015 of Cervantes’s Don Quijote, such as Aventuras de Don Quijote, DQ. Don Quijote en Barcelona, El caballero de la triste figura, En un lugar de Manhattan, Elogio de la locura and En un lugar del Quijote. The analysis covers the main features of such adaptations: metanarration, metadrama, doubling of the narrative structure using other artistic languages (music, plastic arts, dance, etc., new technologies, genre hybridisation, transmediality, etc. The original text message, actualised and re-expressed by these modernisations, stands out as an atemporal one: the plays examined demonstrate its effectiveness in contemporary society and, according to the perspective of social theater, stimulate the reflection on them.

Elementary analysis by means of the x fluorescence and energy dispersion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jbeli, H.

1988-10-01

Three actualisation reports are shown, in the three first chapters, concerning the following subjects: x fluorescence principle, energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy and excitation spectrum characteristics. The matrice effects, the energy equivalence concept, and the correction methods of the interelement effects, related to a calibration curve, are discussed. For the last ones, it is shown that they are supplied to rough values. Quantitative analysis results are shown. A new possibility has been added to those of data processing program usually applied in quantitative analysis. In the second method applied in quantitative analysis, standard samples are used. In both methods an error appreciation analysis is carried out. It is shown that energy dispersive X fluorescence analysis can be applied to thin layers composition and thickness characterization [fr

Technology Comprehension - Scaling Making into a National Discipline

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tuhkala, Ari; Nielsen, Nick; Wagner, Marie-Louise

2018-01-01

, surveys, and a theme discussion with experienced teachers from the 13 schools. The main takeaways are: First, the teachers did not perceive Technology Comprehension as a distinguished discipline, which calls for more research on how Making is scaled into a national discipline. Second, Technology......We account for the first research results from a government initiated experiment that scales Making to a national discipline. The Ministry of Education, in Denmark, has introduced Technology Comprehension as a new discipline for lower secondary education. Technology Comprehension is first...... Comprehension opens up for interdisciplinary and engaging learning activities, but teachers need scaffolding and support to actualise these opportunities. Third, Technology Comprehension challenges teachers’ existing competencies in relation to the discipline and students’ prerequisites and needs. Teachers need...

Value Co-creation Behaviour

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laud, Gaurangi; Karpen, Ingo Oswald

2017-01-01

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to identify antecedents and consequences ofcustomers’ value co-creation behaviour (VCB). VCB as a means to facilitatevalue realisation processes is gaining importance in service research andpractice. Encouraging such enactments can be challenging, but can also...... offercompetitive advantages. Design/methodology/approach:We empirically investigate a conceptual model by converging threecontemporary concepts of co-creation research – embeddedness, VCB and value-in-context– and examining the interdependencies between them. Data were collected in anonline forum of a leading......, the studyhighlights the significance of the nature of customer’s social constellationsto develop contexts where value outcomes are actualised. Understanding thefactors that shape VCB offers insights for firms to recognise how and wherevalue propositions can be deployed that drives on-going co-creation processes...

The Effects of climatic change in the Netherlands, 2012; Effecten van klimaatverandering in Nederland, 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van Minnen, J.; Ligtvoet, W. (eds.)

2012-07-15

This study is an update of the 2005 study: how is the situation at present with respect to the climate in the Netherlands, which effects are now more or less perceptible, are there new insights into the opportunities and risks of climate change, and to what extent are these future opportunities and risks embedded in the various policy issues? [Dutch] Deze studie is een actualisering van de studie uit 2005: hoe is het op dit moment gesteld met de klimaatverandering in Nederland, welke effecten daarvan zijn nu meer of minder waarneembaar, zijn er nieuwe inzichten in de kansen en risico's van klimaatverandering, en in hoeverre zijn deze toekomstige kansen en risico's in de verschillende beleidsdossiers verankerd?.

Avaliação da função pulmonar de recém-nascidos com síndrome do desconforto respiratório em diferentes pressões finais expiratórias positivas Assessment of pulmonary function of preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome at different positive end expiratory pressure levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz C.T. Consolo

2002-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO\tABSTRACT \t Objetivo: verificar as alterações da função pulmonar: complacência dinâmica (Cdyn, volume corrente inspiratório (V Tinsp, pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2, em recém-nascidos pré-termo com síndrome do desconforto respiratório. Pacientes e Métodos: estudo de caso controle, incluindo 11 pré-termos com idade gestacional Objective: to verify the alterations of pulmonary function in preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS. The parameters analyzed were Dynamic Compliance (Cdyn, Inspiratory Tidal Volume (TVinsp, partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2. Methods: eleven preterm newborn infants, with gestational age < 35 weeks, and birth weight < 2.500 g, were include in a control case study. All infants presented RDS and were treated with 120 mg/Kg of porcine surfactant. The initial positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP was 3 cm H2O. A pneumotachograph with a graphical monitor was used to assess the pulmonary function. After each increase in the PEEP (4 and 6 cm H2O, there was an interval of 20 minutes before measuring the arterial data of pulmonary function and arterial gases. Results: there were three males and eight females (1:2,7 among the infants with RDS. The mean gestational age was 30.78. 2.05 weeks, ranging from 26 to 34 weeks. The increase in the PEEP from 3 to 6 cm H2O caused significant decrease in the TVinsp (6.46 ±3.43 to 4.20 ±2.35, P=0.0262. With the increase in the PEEP from 4 to 6 cm H2O, there was also a decrease in the TVinsp (5.98.± 3.33 to 4.20.± 2.35, (P=0.0044. Regarding the Cdyn, when there was an increase in the PEEP from 3 to 6 cm H2O, the reduction was statistically significant (0.58.± 0.27 to 0.46± 0.25, P=0.0408 and from 4 to 6 cm H2O, the reduction in the Cdyn was also important (0.77± 0.27 to 0.46± 0.25, (P=0.0164. Increases in the PEEP from 4 to 6 cm H2O caused increases in the PaCO2 (52.81± 15.49 to 64.90± 12.69, (P= 0,0141. A

First allergenic pollen monitoring in Bucharest and results of three years collaboration with European aerobiology specialists

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leru Polliana Mihaela

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Respiratory allergies induced by allergenic plants pollen represent an important public health problem with increasing prevalence and severity. Aerobiologic study of allergenic pollens is performed in many countries on regular basis and correlated with health data from allergists in the frame of national aerobiology networks. Romania has no aerobiology network and pollen measurements have been done between 1999-2012 in West region only. In the frame of COST Action called Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe (SMARTER FA 1203, three years collaboration with Reseau National de Surveillance Aerobiologique (RNSA from France and the first pollen monitoring center in Bucharest were established.The aim of this paper is to present results of first pollen monitoring in Bucharest, activities of Romanian SMARTER group and collaboration with European aerobiology specialists.

Association of hypercapnia on admission with increased length of hospital stay and severity in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study from Pakistan.

Science.gov (United States)

Iqbal, Nousheen; Irfan, Muhammad; Zubairi, Ali Bin Sarwar; Awan, Safia; Khan, Javaid A

2017-06-15

To determine whether the presence of hypercapnia on admission in adult patients admitted to a university-based hospital in Karachi, Pakistan with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) correlates with an increased length of hospital stay and severity compared with no hypercapnia on admission. A prospective observational study. Tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The severity of pneumonia was assessed by CURB-65 and PSI scores. An arterial blood gas analysis was obtained within 24 hours of admission. Based on arterial PaCO 2 levels, patients were divided into three groups: hypocapnic (PaCO 2 45 mm Hg) and normocapnic (PaCO 2 <35-45 mm Hg). The primary outcome was the association of hypercapnia on admission with mean length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. A total of 295 patients of mean age 60.20±17.0 years (157 (53.22%) men) were enrolled over a 1-year period. Hypocapnia was found in 181 (61.35%) and hypercapnia in 57 (19.32%) patients. Hypercapnic patients had a longer hospital stay (mean 9.27±7.57 days), increased requirement for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) on admission (n=45 (78.94%)) and longer mean time to clinical stability (4.39±2.0 days) compared with the other groups. Overall mortality was 41 (13.89%), but there was no statistically significant difference in mortality (p=0.35) and ICU admission (p=0.37) between the three groups. On multivariable analysis, increased length of hospital stay was associated with NIMV use, ICU admission, hypercapnia and normocapnia. Hypercapnia on admission is associated with severity of CAP, longer time to clinical stability, increased length of hospital stay and need for NIMV. It should be considered as an important criterion to label the severity of the illness and also a determinant of patients who will require a higher level of hospital

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in combined with prednisone on the arterial blood gas and pulmonary function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhen-Chun Shi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb in combined with prednisone on the arterial blood gas and pulmonary function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF. Methods: A total of 76 patients with IPF who were admitted in our hospital from March, 2015 to March, 2016 were included in the study and randomized into the observation group and the control group. The patients in the two groups were given oxygen inhalation, bronchodilator agents, phlegm dissipating and asthma relieving, anti-infection, and other supporting treatments. The patients in the control group were orally given prednisone (0.5 mg/ kg.d, continuously for 4 weeks, then in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg.d, continuously for 8 weeks, and finally the dosage was reduced to 0.125 mg/kg.d. On this basis, the patients in the observation group were given additional EGb, i.e. Ginkgo leaf capsule, 1 g/time, 3 times/d, continuously for 12 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated after 12-week treatment. PaO2, PaCO2, P(A-aO2, and SaO2 before and after treatment were detected. FVC, FEV1/FVC, MVV, TLC, and DLCO before and after treatment were determined. Results: PaO2, PaCO2, and SaO2 after treatment were significantly elevated, while P(A-aO2 was significantly reduced when compared with before treatment. The comparison of PaO2 and P(A-aO2 between the two groups was statistically significant, while the comparison of PaCO2 and SaO2 between the two groups was not statistically significant. After treatment, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MVV, TLC, and DLCO in the two groups were significantly elevated when compared with before treatment, and those in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group. Conclusions: EGb in combined with prednisone in the treatment of IPF can effectively improve the arterial blood gas indicators and pulmonary function, and enhance the patients’ living qualities; therefore, it deserves to be widely recommended.

A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus: an evolutionary history of camelidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meng He

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The family Camelidae that evolved in North America during the Eocene survived with two distinct tribes, Camelini and Lamini. To investigate the evolutionary relationship between them and to further understand the evolutionary history of this family, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus, the only wild survivor of the Old World camel. Results The mitochondrial genome sequence (16,680 bp from C. bactrianus ferus contains 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes as well as a typical control region; this basic structure is shared by all metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Its protein-coding region exhibits codon usage common to all mammals and possesses the three cryptic stop codons shared by all vertebrates. C. bactrianus ferus together with the rest of mammalian species do not share a triplet nucleotide insertion (GCC that encodes a proline residue found only in the nd1 gene of the New World camelid Lama pacos. This lineage-specific insertion in the L. pacos mtDNA occurred after the split between the Old and New World camelids suggests that it may have functional implication since a proline insertion in a protein backbone usually alters protein conformation significantly, and nd1 gene has not been seen as polymorphic as the rest of ND family genes among camelids. Our phylogenetic study based on complete mitochondrial genomes excluding the control region suggested that the divergence of the two tribes may occur in the early Miocene; it is much earlier than what was deduced from the fossil record (11 million years. An evolutionary history reconstructed for the family Camelidae based on cytb sequences suggested that the split of bactrian camel and dromedary may have occurred in North America before the tribe Camelini migrated from North America to Asia. Conclusion Molecular clock analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from C. bactrianus ferus and L

Activities of the Ameth laboratories network; Activites du reseau de laboratoires Ameth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-12-31

Thermal exchanges are of prime importance in industrial processes, space heating and air conditioning, cooling processes or heat exchangers design. University research laboratories and engineering schools created the Ameth network in order to share their means and competences in heat transfer research, to draw bridges between different subjects and to organize coordinated projects. In 1997 the Ameth laboratories have carried out 10 projects grouped into three themes: the thermal hydrodynamic instability and the limit boundary control, the transfers with liquid/vapor phase change and the transfers with solid/liquid phase changes. These projects and their first results are reported in this book of proceedings. This conference day was jointly organized by the thermal engineering university group (GUT) and the French society of thermal engineers. The ten communications presented in this book deal successively with: `the active control of a Poiseuille flow in the presence of volume heating`; `the control of instabilities, transition and thermo-convective flow transfers in cavities: application to the ventilation of rooms`; `the control of heat transfers during space-time flow disturbances in cylindrical channels`; `the characterization of surface heat transfers using transient methods improved for boiling in pool applications`; `the intensification of heat exchanges during boiling in confined medium`; `the evaporation and boiling in porous media`; `the characterization of heat transfers in micro-heat pipes`; `the AmETh 3-1 operation: experimental and numerical analysis of thermal resistances at the polymer-mould contact and developing during solidification`; `the analysis of solidification phenomena at the interface between a substrate and a melted medium`; and `the heat transfers with solid-liquid phase change`. (J.S.)

Lattice Dynamics of Transition Metals; Dynamique de Reseau des Metaux de Transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woods, A. D.B. [Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

1965-04-15

The frequency versus wave-vector v(q) dispersion relations for the normal modes of vibration of several body-centred cubic transition metal, crystals have been measured recently at room temperature. The dispersion curves for niobium, measured by Nakagawa and Woods, displayed some very unusual features, and the results could only be fitted by means of a Born-von Karman model if interactions out to very distant neighbours (beyond eighth) were included. Subsequent measurements on tantalum by Woods showed very similar results. This is not surprising since niobium and tantalum are in column V of the periodic table and many of their electronic properties are similar. Measurements of the dispersion curves of molybdenum by Woods and Chen and of tungsten by Chen and Brockhouse showed that although these metals, which are in column VI of the periodic table, had dispersion relations which were similar to each other, these dispersion relations were very different from those of the column V metals, niobium and tantalum. The gross features of the v(q) for molybdenum and tungsten were very nearly describable by a third neighbour axially-symmetric Born-von Karman force model, although several important features were not reproduced by this model. One of these features is a striking anomaly in the [{zeta}{zeta}{zeta}] longitudinal (L) branch for molybdenum where the frequency changes from v = 6.3 x 10{sup 12} c/s at {zeta} = 0.92 to v= 5.5 x 10{sup 12} c/s at {zeta} = 1.0. If this and other observed features are Kohn anomalies, their positions are consistent with the dimensions of the Fermi suriace of the column V metals proposed by Lomer. Thus it is suggested that the striking differences between the dispersion relation for niobium and that for molybdenum (metals which are believed to have quite similar band structures) reflect differences in the Fermi energies and hence the Fermi surfaces for these materials. (author) [French] Les relations de dispersion v(q) (frequence- vecteur d'onde) pour les modes de vibration normaux de plusieurs cristaux de metaux de transition-a structure cubique centree ont fait recemment l'objet de mesures a la temperature ambiante. Les courbes de dispersion relatives au niobium, etablies par Nakagawa et Woods, presentent des particularites tres exceptionnelles et on n'a pu faire concorder les resultats obtenus avec la theorie a l'aide d'un modele Born et von Karman qu'en tenant compte des interactions englobant des voisins tres eloignes (au-dela du huitieme). En procedant ulterieurement a des mesures sur le tantale, Woods a obtenu des resultats tres semblables, ce qui n'est guere surprenant puisque le niobium et le tantale figurent dans la colonne V du tableau de la classification periodique et qu'ils possedent des proprietes electroniques analogues sous de nombreux rapports. Les courbes de dispersion etablies par Woods et Chen pour le molybdene et par Chen et Brockhouse pour le tungstene ont montre que si ces deux metaux qui figurent dans la colonne VI du tableau ont des relations de dispersion semblables l'une a l'autre, ces relations different sensiblement de celles des metaux de la colonne V, niobium et tantale. Les caracteristiques generales de la relation v(q) pour le molybdene et le tungstene peuvent etre decrites avec une grande precision au moyen d'un modele Born et von Karman de forces tenant compte d'une structure a symetrie axiale englobant le troisieme voisin, bien que plusieurs caracteristiques importantes ne soient pas reproduites par ce modele. Pour le molybdene, une de ces caracteristiques est une anomalie frappante de la branche (L) longitudinale [{zeta}{zeta}{zeta}] ou la frequence passe de v 6.3 x 10{sup 12} c/s pour {zeta} = 0.92 to v= 5.5 x 10{sup 12} c/s pour {zeta} = 1.0. Si cette caracteristique et d'autres, qui ont aussi ete observees, sont des anomalies de Kohn, leurs positions sont compatibles avec les dimensions de la surface de Fermi des metaux de la colonne V, proposees par Lomer. On peut donc supposer que les differences nettes entre relations de dispersion pour le niobium et pour le molybdene (metaux dont on admet qu'ils ont des structures de bandes tres semblables) correspondent a des differences dans les energies de Fermi et, partant, dans les isurfaces de Fermi de ces matieres. (author) [Spanish] La relacion de dispersion frecuencia/vector de onda v(q), correspondiente a los modos normales de vibracion de varios cristales cubicos de metales de transicion centrados en el cuerpo, se ha medido recientemente a temperatura ambiente. Las curvas de dispersion del niobio, medidas por Nakagawa y Woods, presentaban algunas particularidades verdaderamente insolitas, y los resultados solo podian ajustarse por medio de un modelo de Born-von Karman si se incluian las interacciones que alcancen hasta atomos vecinos muy distantes (mas alla del octavo). Las mediciones ulteriores realizadas en el tantalo por Woods dieron resultados analogos. Ello no es sorprendente, puesto que el niobio y el tantalo figuran en la columna V de la clasificacion periodica y muchas de sus propiedades electronicas son analogas. Las mediciones de las curvas de dispersion del molibdeno, efectuadas por Woods y Chen, y del volframio, por Chen y Brockhouse, mostraron que si bien estos metales, que figuran en la columna VI de la clasificacion periodica, presentan relaciones de dispersion comparables, estas difieren considerablemente de las correspondientes a metales de la columna V como el niobio y el tantalo. Las caracteristicas generales de v(q) correspondientes al molibdeno y al volframio se pudieron describir adecuadamente por medio de un modelo de fuerzas axialmente simetrico de Born-von Karman que alcanza hasta el tercer atomo vecino, aunque dicho modelo no refleja algunas particularidades importantes. Una de estas es una sorprendente anomalia en la rama longitudinal (L) [{zeta}{zeta}{zeta}] del molibdeno, en que la frecuencia varia de v = 6.3 x 10{sup 12} c/s para {zeta} = 0.92 to v= 5.5 x 10{sup 12} c/s para {zeta} = 1.0. Si estas y otras particularidades observadas son anomalias de Kohn, sus posiciones son compatibles con las dimensiones de la superficie de Fermi propuesta por Lomer para los metales de la columna V. Se formula la hipotesis de que las sorprendentes diferencias existentes entre la relacion de dispersion del niobio y la del molibdeno (metales que, segun se cree, poseen estructuras de banda muy semejantes) reflejan diferencias en las energias de Fermi y, por tanto, en las superficies de Fermi de estos materiales. (author) [Russian] Dispersionnoe sootnoshenie chastota/volnovoj vektor v(q) dlja obychnyh vidov kolebanij nekotoryh ob{sup e}mno-centrirovannyh kubicheskih kristallov perehodnyh metallov bylo nedavno izmereno pri komnatnoj temperature. Krivye dispersii dlja niobija, izmerennye Nakagovoj i Vudsom, projavili nekotorye ochen' neobychnye cherty, i rezul'taty mozhno bylo privesti v sootvetstvie tol'ko s pomoshh'ju modeli Born fon Karmana, esli vkljuchit' vzaimodejstvija s ochen' otdalennymi chlenami rjada dal'she vos'mogo. Posledujushhie izmerenija Vudsom tantala dali ochen' pohozhie rezul'taty. Jeto ne udivitel'no, poskol'ku niobij i tantal nahodjatsja v V gruppe periodicheskoj tablicy i mnogie iz ih jelektronnyh svojstv odinakovy. Izmerenija krivyh dispersij molibdena Vudsom i Chenom i vol'frama Chenom i Brok- hauzom pokazali, chto, hotja u jetih metallov, kotorye nahodjatsja v gruppe VI periodicheskoj tablicy, dispersionnye sootnoshenija javljajutsja analogichnymi, jeti dispersionnye sootnoshenija sil'no otlichajutsja ot dispersionnyh sootnoshenij dlja niobija i tantala, nahodjashhihsja v gruppe V. Osnovnye cherty u(q) dlja molibdena i vol'frama ochen' blizko opisyvajutsja tret'im chlenom rjada simmetrichnoj po osjam silovoj modeli Born-fon Karmana, hotja nekotorye vazhnye cherty ne vosproizvodjatsja jetoj model'ju. Odnoj iz takih chert javljaetsja razitel'naja anomalija v prodol'noj [{zeta}{zeta}{zeta}] vetvi (L) dlja molibdena, gde chastota izmenjaetsja ot v = 6.3 x 10{sup 12} c/s pri {zeta} = 0.92 to v= 5.5 x 10{sup 12} c/s pri {zeta} = 1.0. Esli jeta i drugie otmechennye cherty predstavljajut soboj anomalii Kona, to ih polozhenie sovmestimo s razmerami poverhnosti Fermi dlja metallov gruppy V, predlozhennymi Lomerom. Takim obrazom, predpolagaetsja, chto razitel'nye razlichija mezhdu dispersionnym sootnosheniem dlja niobija i dispersionnym sootnosheniem dlja molibdena (metally, kotorye, kak predpolagajut, imejut sovershenno odinakovye polosnye struktury) otrazhajut razlichija v velichine jenergii Fermi i sledovatel'no v velichine poverhnostej Fermi dlja jetih materialov. (author)

Kas sina julgeksid ennustada tulevikku? / Karolin Kuusik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuusik, Karolin

2007-01-01

Filmid ja nende kostüümikunstnikud, kes on mõjutanud rõivamoodi : "Barbarella" (1968), kostüümikunstnikud Jacques Fonteray ja Paco Rabanne; "Blade Runner" (1982), kunstnikud Charles Knode ja Michael Kaplan; "Matrix" ja selle järjed (1999, 2003), kostüümidisainer Kym Barrett; "Star Wars" ja selle järjed (1977, 1980, 1983, 1999, 2002, 2005), kunstnik John Mollo, hiljem Trisha Biggar; "Aeon Flux" (2005), kostüümikunstnik Beatrix Aruna Pasztor

Actualisering van model NLOAD voor de nitraatuitspoeling van landbouwgronden; beschrijving van model en GIS-omgeving

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Drecht G van; Scheper E; LBG; Adviesbureau ARIS, Utrecht

1998-01-01

Model NLOAD employs a simple, straightforward and empirical approach, describing the steady state nitrate_N leaching of agricultural soils on annual basis. NLOAD is used every year to assess the effects of environmental policy on nitrate leaching and exceedance of the standard for nitrate_N

Clinical Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admission for Asthmatic Children

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Mohammad Hasan Kargar Maher

2015-07-01

Full Text Available IntroductionChildren with severe asthma attack are a challenging group of patients who could be difficult to treat and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Asthma attack severity is qualitatively estimated as mild, moderate and severe attacks and respiratory failure based on conditions such as respiration status, feeling of dyspnea, and the degree of unconsciousness. part of which are subjective rather than objective. We investigated clinical findings as predictors of severe attack and probable requirement for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU admission.Materials and MethodsIn a cross sectional and analytical study 120 patients with asthma attack were enrolled from April 2010 to April 2014 (80 admitted in the ward and 40 in pediatric intensive care unit. Predictors of PICU admission were investigated regarding to initial heart rate(HR, respiratory rate (RR, Arterial Oxygen Saturation(SaO2 and PaCo2 and clinically evident cyanosis.ResultsInitial heart rate(p-value=0.02, respiratory rate (p-value=0.03, Arterial Oxygen Saturation(p-value=0.02 and PaCo2(p-value=0.03 and clinically evident cyanosis were significantly different in two groups(Ward admitted and PICU admittedConclusion There was a significant correlation between initial vital sign and blood gas analysis suggesting usefulness of these factors as predictors of severe asthma attack and subsequent clinical course.

Short-term effects of humidification devices on respiratory pattern and arterial blood gases during noninvasive ventilation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lellouche, François; Pignataro, Claudia; Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio; Girou, Emmanuelle; Deye, Nicolas; Taillé, Solenne; Fischler, Marc; Brochard, Laurent

2012-11-01

The impact of humidification devices on ventilatory and arterial blood gases parameters during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) remains controversial. The aim of the study was to compare the short-term impact of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) and heated humidifiers (HHs) during NIV for either hypercapnic or hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Consecutive subjects receiving NIV were successively treated with HME and HH in randomized order for 30 min each. At the end of each period, arterial blood gases were measured and ventilatory parameters were recorded. Eighty-one subjects were enrolled, of whom 52 were hypercapnic (with or without acidosis) and 29 hypoxemic. Minute ventilation was greater with the HME, in comparison with the HH (15 [12-18] vs 12 [10-16] median [interquartile range], P < .001), while P(aCO(2)) was increased when using HME, indicating a dead space effect. This effect was observed in all subjects, but was more pronounced in hypercapnic subjects (P(aCO(2)) 62 ± 17 mm Hg with HME vs 57 ± 14 with HH, P < .001). In a subgroup of 19 subjects with respiratory acidosis, alveolar hypoventilation improved only with the HH. The amplitude of the dead space impact was a function of the degree of hypercapnia. Use of an HME decreased CO(2) elimination during NIV, despite increased minute ventilation, especially in hypercapnic subjects.

Topological congruence between phylogenies of Anacanthorus spp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes (Actinopterygii) hosts: A case of host-parasite cospeciation.

Science.gov (United States)

da Graça, Rodrigo J; Fabrin, Thomaz M C; Gasques, Luciano S; Prioli, Sônia M A P; Balbuena, Juan A; Prioli, Alberto J; Takemoto, Ricardo M

2018-01-01

Cophylogenetic studies aim at testing specific hypotheses to understand the nature of coevolving associations between sets of organisms, such as host and parasites. Monogeneans and their hosts provide and interesting platform for these studies due to their high host specificity. In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish whether the relationship between Anacanthorus spp. with their hosts from the upper Paraná River and its tributaries can be explained by means of cospeciation processes. Nine fish species and 14 monogenean species, most of them host specific, were studied. Partial DNA sequences of the genes RAG1, 16S and COI of the fish hosts and of the genes ITS2, COI and 5.8S of the parasite species were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of the host and parasite species were built and used for analyses of topological congruence with PACo and ParaFit. The program Jane was used to estimate the nature of cospeciation events. The comparison of the two phylogenies revealed high topological congruence between them. Both PACo and ParaFit supported the hypothesis of global cospeciation. Results from Jane pointed to duplications as the most frequent coevolutionary event, followed by cospeciation, whereas duplications followed by host-switching were the least common event in Anacanthorus spp. studied. Host-sharing (spreading) was also identified but only between congeneric host species.

Peripheral chemoreflex inhibition with low-dose dopamine: new insight into mechanisms of extreme apnea.

Science.gov (United States)

Bain, Anthony R; Dujic, Zeljko; Hoiland, Ryan L; Barak, Otto F; Madden, Dennis; Drvis, Ivan; Stembridge, Mike; MacLeod, David B; MacLeod, Douglas M; Ainslie, Philip N

2015-11-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of peripheral chemoreflex inhibition with low-dose dopamine on maximal apnea time, and the related hemodynamic and cerebrovascular responses in elite apnea divers. In a randomized order, participants performed a maximal apnea while receiving either intravenous 2 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) dopamine or volume-matched saline (placebo). The chemoreflex and hemodynamic response to dopamine was also assessed during hypoxia [arterial O2 tension, (PaO2 ) ∼35 mmHg] and mild hypercapnia [arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2 ) ∼46 mmHg] that mimicked the latter parts of apnea. Outcome measures included apnea duration, arterial blood gases (radial), heart rate (HR, ECG), mean arterial pressure (MAP, intra-arterial), middle (MCAv) and posterior (PCAv) cerebral artery blood velocity (transcranial ultrasound), internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) artery blood flow (ultrasound), and the chemoreflex responses. Although dopamine depressed the ventilatory response by 27 ± 41% (vs. placebo; P = 0.01), the maximal apnea duration was increased by only 5 ± 8% (P = 0.02). The PaCO2 and PaO2 at apnea breakpoint were similar (P > 0.05). When compared with placebo, dopamine increased HR and decreased MAP during both apnea and chemoreflex test (P all breathe. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Quantitative changes in the arterial blood gases of mice following localized irradiation of the lungs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siemann, D.W.; Hill, R.P.

1983-01-01

The arterial pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PaO 2 ) and carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) were evaluated in LAF1 mice 15 and 38 weeks after localized irradiation of the animals' thoraxes. Graded radiation doses of 900 to 1200 rad were administered. These doses resulted in 0 to 100% lethality by 26 weeks (180 days) after irradiation. At 15 weeks after treatment mice receiving radiation doses which would subsequently result in lethality (by 180 days) exhibited significant reductions in their PaO 2 and elevations in their PaCO 2 values, respectively. However, there was no clear dose-response relationship between blood gas values and radiation dose, which may reflect the animals' ability to compensate for their poor blood gas exchange by an increased breathing frequency. At 38 weeks after irradiation the blood gas values were abnormal in mice from groups which had normal blood gas values at Week 15 (and no fatalities by Week 26) but in which animal deaths had occurred between Weeks 26 and 38. These data therfore indicated (i) that abnormal blood gas values occurred in the mice prior to fatalities resulting from the acute radiation pneumonitis syndrome and (ii) that mice surviving the initial radiation pneumonitis phase could still succumb to progressive pulmonary toxicity which was reflected by the increasing levels of animal lethality and altered blood gas tensions at the later times

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

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Lorgio Verdi Olivares

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorgio Verdi-Olivares

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con  tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Recruiting newly referred lung cancer patients to a patient navigator intervention (PACO)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjær, Trille Kristina; Mellemgaard, Anders; Stensøe Oksen, Marianne

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of and survival from lung cancer are associated with socioeconomic position, and disparities have been observed in both curative and palliative treatment for lung cancer. 'Patient navigation' is valuable in addressing health disparity, with timely treatment and transitio...... of internal and external obstacles to patients' recruitment. The study provides insight into the barriers to recruitment of socially disadvantaged cancer patients to clinical trials and will inform future trial designs....... to care. We conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of a patient navigator program (PAtient COach) for newly diagnosed lung cancer. We present the trial, the findings from the pilot study and discuss factors that might have affected recruitment rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We invited 24 lung...... of 1 or 2 or be over 65 years of age. The patient navigators targeted four phases of treatment: planning, initiation, compliance and end of treatment. RESULTS: Six months after the start of the study, we had recruited only six patients, due mainly to inherent patient resistance and because only 50...

Hypoosmotic swelling test in alpaca (Vicugna pacos spermatozoa recovered the vas deferens

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Quispe HA

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The study objective was to evaluate the endosmotic reaction in 5 hypoosmotic solutions 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mOsm/l (HOS test incubated 5 and 15 minutes using alpaca sperm recovered the vas deferens. We used 5 male alpacas with the vas deferens surgically diverted, recovering sperm 10 times for each animal; the microscopic characteristics were evaluated with ISAS®. Information’s hipoosmotic test was analyzed with a factorial arrangement in a random one-way model, the correlation between endosmosis and percentages of motility and vitality was analyzed with Spearman correlation. There were no significant differences (p>0,05 in incubation times; highly significant differences (p 0,05was found to endosmosis with percentages of sperm motility and vitality; in conclusion, a 125 mOsm/l solution with 5 minutes of incubation is sufficient to perform the hipoosmotic test in alpaca spermatozoa recovered the vas deferens.

The art of staying tuned in real-time. Remediation in 24.

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Bo Kampmann Walther

2003-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines and discusses current media strategies in 24 Hours. Elements from interface design, computer games, canonized TV-series, reality-TV, on-line multiplayer games, fandom on the web, etc. are all part of the implicit as well as explicit familiarity and subject matter of 24. Thus, 24 becomes a unique case in point of present day remediation and transmediation. While the former plots the actualisation of historic media into contemporary hybrid genres and expressions, the latter paws the way for media forms that continuously and rapidly communicate with each other. Hereby, the study of 24 calls for new and flexible analytical tools and readings of cultural consumption. In addition, the article investigates how such apparently abstract concepts like contingency, conspiracy, and temporality are dramatized in Fox Network's 24.

Die kerklike hantering van eietydse transformasieprosesse deur die bedryf van ‘n arbeidspsigologiese nywerheidsbedieningsmodel

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Hennie J.C. Pieterse

2011-11-01

The church reacted unsatisfactoraly to both political and industrial change. This situation neccessitated the development of a workpsychological industrial mission. This model combines the different industrial mission models, the structure and system of Industrial Mission in South Africa (IMSA and the German workpsychological approach. The main aim is self-development and self-actualisation. The implication of the model is through Scripture ministry with a special focus on social ethics and a worktheology. The second leg is pastorale care which implements the employee assistant programs (EAP of companies and adresses the work, personal and environmental problems of all gender, religion and cultural groups from a Christian perspective. The failure of the church to utilise the industrial mission to the full results in a loss for the church’s ministry during transformation.

Aktualisasi Nilai-nilai ‘Puputan’ dalam Pembangunan Karakter Bangsa

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I Gde Parimartha

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract This article seeks to analyze the actualisation of the values and spiritof puputan (war until the end by connecting it to current attempts of nationand charater building in Indonesia. It examines the values of puputan inits social and historical context and relates them to contemporary issuesin Indonesia. The topic of character building gains high currency inthe backdrop of moral degradation marked by cases of corruption,destruction, and violence. Bali has inherited the spirit of puputan fromthe struggle against Dutch colonialism; it is therefore a challenging taskto examine how far this set of values can contribute to the developmentof national character. The article argues that values inherent in the spiritof puputan, such as loyalty, honesty, bravery, trust, and optimism, arerelevant to the current attempts at national character building.

The effect of an emotional intelligence development programme on accountants

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Cara S. Jonker

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The  objective  of  this  research was to compile and  evaluate  a development programme  aimed at emotional  intelligence (EI  in the accounting profession. A two-group design (pre- and post-test was used. An accidental  sample  (experimental and control group was taken from future employees within a financial management environment. The  BarOn-EQ-i was administered and further data were gathered qualitatively by means of diary entries. The results showed an improvement in total EI level. The specific areas of EI that were developed due to the programme included the following subscales: interpersonal, adaptability and general mood. The specific EI factors that showed improvement included self-regard, self-actualisation, interpersonal relations, reality testing, problem solving, flexibility, stress tolerance and optimism.

The coming of age of Mrs H: Nursing Intervention in an elderly depressed woman

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G.K.L. Riccitelli

1983-09-01

Full Text Available In the past the prospect of change and psychological growth in the aged was doomed by personality theorists such as Freud, who were convinced of the rigidity of an old-sister’s ego. Fortunately, more en lightened theorists, backed by empirical data and research have dispelled this very damaging myth. June, Maslow, Rogers and others offer more optimistic models of personality development which stress the individual’s striving towards self-fulfilment or self-actualisation. This is a process which begins later in life and is in fact more readily dealt with in old age when less energy is being expended on physical activity, making more available for this all important task of the psyche. Today the aged are known to respond well to various forms of psychotherapy.

Enjeux esthético-idéologiques du stéréotype dans les derniers romans de Mongo Beti

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J.-J. Rousseau Tandia Mouafou

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Cette réflexion se propose d’actualiser le concept de stéréotype, habituellement réservé aux sciences sociales, dans l’exploration du texte littéraire. Nous observons ainsi que l’idée de fixité au cœur de la problématique du stéréotype est un concept opératoire qui permet de lire autrement le récit sur le triple plan linguistique, thématico-narratif et idéologique. Les valeurs textuelles que ce concept permet de mettre en évidence portent à croire que notre corpus apparaît, dans une perspective sociocritique, comme une métaphore des sociétés africaines post-coloniales.

Hyperthermic-induced hyperventilation and associated respiratory alkalosis in humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Abbiss, Chris R; Nosaka, Kazunori; Laursen, Paul B

2007-05-01

The purpose of this study was to determine if increased environmental heat leads to hyperthermic-induced hypocapnia and associated alkalosis during prolonged self-paced cycling. Nine male cyclists completed three 100 km stochastic time trials in hot (34 degrees C), neutral (22 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) environments. Intermittent measurements of rectal and skin temperature, expired gases, blood pH, PaCO(2), PaO(2), and bicarbonate were made throughout. Rectal temperature increased significantly throughout all trials (P respiratory alkalosis.

Tables of formulae for calculating the mechanics of stacks in gas-graphite reactors; Formulaire pour le calcul de la mecanique des empilements des reacteurs graphite-gaz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1968-07-01

This collection of formulae only gives, for nuclear graphite stacks. The mechanical effects due to the strains, thermal or not, of steel structures supporting or surrounding graphite blocks. Equations have been established by mean of experiments made at Chinon with large pile models. Thus, it is possible to calculate displacement, strain and stress in the EDF type stacks of horizontal triangular block lattice. (authors) [French] Le domaine de ce formulaire est strictement limite aux effets mecaniques, pour les empilements, des deformations, thermiques ou autres, des structures metalliques de soutien (aire - support et corset). On propose un ensemble de relations qui ont ete etablies a la suite des essais de CHINON sur des maquettes de grande taille. Ces relations permettent le calcul des mouvements, des deformations et des contraintes dans les empilements du type EDF, a reseau horizontal triangulaire regulier. (auteurs)

Effects of the high-flow modified to-and-fro anesthestic system on blood gas and respiratory rate in halothane anesthetized horses Efeitos do sistema anestésico de alto fluxo "to-and-fro" modificado sobre os gases sanguíneos e frequência respiratória em cavalos anestesiados com halotano

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Cláudio Corrêa Natalini

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Ten healthy adult horses male or female, mean body weight of 424±44.1kg, were anesthetized with romifidine, tiletamine/zolazepam and halothane for 60 minutes using a modified to-and-fro rebreathing anesthetic system, added of 1 liter mechanical dead space. The gas flow rate was 10 liters oxygen/minute during all inhalation anesthetic time. Variables analysed were arterial blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2 and oxygen partial pressure (PaO2, and respiratory rate (RR. The horses were allowed to breath spontaneously, and were positioned in right lateral recumbency the arterial O2 values were significantly higher during halothane anesthesia when compared to the baseline values, and significantly lower after induction with tiletamine/zolazepam although arterial hypoxemia were not present. The arterial PaCO2 values were significantly higher from baseline values during halothane anesthesia occurring arterial hypercapnia and mild respiratory acidosis. The arterial pH changes paralleled the changes in PaCO2. Respiratory rate values were significantly lower during halothane anesthesia when compared to baseline values. All values remained within accepted range for lateral recumbent spontaneously breathing anesthetized horses.Dez cavalos adultos e sadios machos ou fêmeas, com peso médio de 424±44,1kg, foram anestesiados com romifidina, tiletamina/zolazepam e halotano por 60 minutos, sendo utilizado um sisterna anestésico reinalatório "to-and-fro" modificado pela adição de um litro de espaço morto mecânico. O fluxo de gás diluente foi de 10 litros de O2/minuto durante o período de anestesia com halotano. As variáveis estudadas no sangue arterial foram o pH, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2 e pressão parcial de oxigênio (PO2 e freqüência respiratória (RR. Os cavalos foram mantidos sob respiração espontânea e posicionados em decúbito lateral direito. Os valores arteriais de oxigênio estiveram

Clinical recommendations for high altitude exposure of individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions: A joint statement by the European Society of Cardiology, the Council on Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Hypertension, the International Society of Mountain Medicine, the Italian Society of Hypertension and the Italian Society of Mountain Medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Parati, Gianfranco; Agostoni, Piergiuseppe; Basnyat, Buddha; Bilo, Grzegorz; Brugger, Hermann; Coca, Antonio; Festi, Luigi; Giardini, Guido; Lironcurti, Alessandra; Luks, Andrew M; Maggiorini, Marco; Modesti, Pietro A; Swenson, Erik R; Williams, Bryan; Bärtsch, Peter; Torlasco, Camilla

2018-05-01

Take home figureAdapted from Bärtsch and Gibbs2 Physiological response to hypoxia. Life-sustaining oxygen delivery, in spite of a reduction in the partial pressure of inhaled oxygen between 25% and 60% (respectively at 2500 m and 8000 m), is ensured by an increase in pulmonary ventilation, an increase in cardiac output by increasing heart rate, changes in vascular tone, as well as an increase in haemoglobin concentration. BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide.

“creación de una papeleria en una zona residencial”

OpenAIRE

Moreno Velásquez, Grace Elizabeth; Vera Loor, Angie Azucena

2013-01-01

Sabemos que el mercado papelero tiene competidores fuertes como Juan Marcet y Súper paco que se encuentran en los primeros puestos, pero también sabemos que existe un espacio de potenciales compradores para nuestro proyecto. Mediante un estudio se pudo observar que muchas personas que viven en las urbanizaciones vía a Samborondón no pueden acceder con frecuencia a una papelería, ya sea por tiempo, o distancia. Por estos motivos hemos decidido que un buen lugar para implantar nuestra pap...

A designated centre for people with disabilities operated by Brothers of Charity Services Roscommon, Roscommon

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O' Leary, Niall D

2011-10-13

primer extension analysis. Comparative analyses of genomes encoding phenylacetyl CoA, (PACoA), catabolic operons identified a common association among styrene degradation linked PACoA catabolons in Pseudomonas species studied to date. Conclusions In summary, this is the first study to report RpoN dependent transcriptional activation of the PACoA catabolon paaL gene, encoding a transport protein essential for phenylacetic acid utilisation in P. putida CA-3. Bioinformatic analysis is provided to suggest this regulatory link may be common among styrene degrading Pseudomonads.

Long-term effects of oxygen-enriched high-flow nasal cannula treatment in COPD patients with chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure

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Storgaard LH

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Line Hust Storgaard,1 Hans-Ulrich Hockey,2 Birgitte Schantz Laursen,3,4 Ulla Møller Weinreich1,3 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 2Biometrics Matters Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; 3Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; 4Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Background: This study investigated the long-term effects of humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC in COPD patients with chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT.Patients and methods: A total of 200 patients were randomized into usual care ± HFNC. At inclusion, acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD and hospital admissions 1 year before inclusion, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC score, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, 6-minute walk test (6MWT and arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2 were recorded. Patients completed phone interviews at 1, 3 and 9 months assessing mMRC score and AECOPD since the last contact. At on-site visits (6 and 12 months, mMRC, number of AECOPD since last contact and SGRQ were registered and FEV1, FEV1%, PaCO2 and, at 12 months, 6MWT were reassessed. Hospital admissions during the study period were obtained from hospital records. Hours of the use of HFNC were retrieved from the high-flow device.Results: The average daily use of HFNC was 6 hours/day. The HFNC group had a lower AECOPD rate (3.12 versus 4.95/patient/year, p<0.001. Modeled hospital admission rates were 0.79 versus 1.39/patient/year for 12- versus 1-month use of HFNC, respectively (p<0.001. The HFNC group had improved mMRC scores from 3 months onward (p<0.001 and improved SGRQ at 6 and 12 months (p=0.002, p=0.033 and PaCO2 (p=0.005 and 6MWT (p=0.005 at 12 months. There was no difference in all-cause mortality.Conclusion: HFNC treatment reduced AECOPD, hospital admissions and

Home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with built-in software in stable hypercapnic COPD: a short-term prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

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Zhou, Luqian; Li, Xiaoying; Guan, Lili; Chen, Jianhua; Guo, Bingpeng; Wu, Weiliang; Huo, Yating; Zhou, Ziqing; Liang, Zhenyu; Zhou, Yuqi; Tan, Jie; Chen, Xin; Song, Yuanlin; Chen, Rongchang

2017-01-01

The benefits of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with hypercapnic COPD are controversial. It is presumed that methodology and appropriate use of NIV ventilator might be crucial for the outcomes. With the new built-in software, the performance of NIV can be monitored at home, which can guarantee the compliance and appropriate use. This study investigated effects of home use of NIV in hypercapnia in COPD patients using the NIV ventilator with built-in software for monitoring. The current multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled trial enrolled patients with stable GOLD stages III and IV hypercapnic COPD. Patients were randomly assigned via a computer-generated randomization sequence, with a block size of four patients, to continue optimized treatment (control group) or to receive additional NPPV (intervention group) for 3 months. The primary outcome was arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2 ). Data were derived from built-in software and analyzed every 4 weeks. Analysis was carried out with the intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02499718. Patients were recruited from 20 respiratory units in China from October 1, 2015, and recruitment was terminated with a record of the vital statistics on May 31, 2016. A total of 115 patients were randomly assigned to the NPPV group (n=57) or the control group (n=58). Patients complied well with NPPV therapy (mean [± standard deviation] day use 5.6±1.4 h). The mean estimation of leaks was 37.99±13.71 L/min. The changes in PaCO 2 (-10.41±0.97 vs -4.32±0.68 mmHg, P =0.03) and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (38.2% vs 18.2%, P =0.02) were statistically significant in the NPPV group versus the control group. COPD assessment test (CAT) showed a positive trend ( P =0.06) in favor of the NPPV group. Pulmonary function and dyspnea were not different between groups. Ventilators equipped with built-in software provided methodology for monitoring NIV use at home

Regulation of phenylacetic acid uptake is sigma54 dependent in Pseudomonas putida CA-3.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O' Leary, Niall D

2011-10-13

primer extension analysis. Comparative analyses of genomes encoding phenylacetyl CoA, (PACoA), catabolic operons identified a common association among styrene degradation linked PACoA catabolons in Pseudomonas species studied to date. Conclusions In summary, this is the first study to report RpoN dependent transcriptional activation of the PACoA catabolon paaL gene, encoding a transport protein essential for phenylacetic acid utilisation in P. putida CA-3. Bioinformatic analysis is provided to suggest this regulatory link may be common among styrene degrading Pseudomonads.

Radiochemical aging of an epoxy network; Vieillissement radiochimique d'un reseau epoxyde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devanne, Th

2003-05-01

This thesis is to give a better understanding of the radiochemical aging of a thermoset resin under gamma irradiation. The conditions of aging are gamma irradiation under air with a dose rate of 2 kGy/h at 120 C. The requested lifetime is four years, it means a dose of 70 MGy. The first step of this work was the choice of a resistive epoxy resin. This choice was made thanks to the literature data. The high glass transition temperature and the high amount of aromatic groups were the main criteria of the final choice. After this choice, thermal and mechanical properties were followed under thermal and radiochemical aging: i) under thermal aging, after 600 hours at 220 C, the glass transition temperature remained unchanged. But, from a mechanical point of view, properties at break dramatically decreased. This embrittlement was assigned to a critical oxidized layer. The thickness of this layer was estimated about 30 {mu}m. ii) the same kind of embrittlement was observed under radiochemical aging. Moreover, it appeared a decrease of the glass transition temperature when increasing the dose of irradiation. This indicates that the main degradation mechanism is chain scission under anaerobic atmosphere. We, then, proposed a mechanistic model associated with a kinetic model to predict the evolution of the glass transition temperature depending on the irradiation conditions. Parameters of the kinetic model were determined by solid NMR and ESR experiments. Comparison between experimental and calculated values at 120 C is satisfactory, a global good agreement was found. (author)

Differences in baseline factors and survival between normocapnia, compensated respiratory acidosis and decompensated respiratory acidosis in COPD exacerbation: A pilot study.

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Lun, Chung-Tat; Tsui, Miranda S N; Cheng, Suet-Lai; Chan, Veronica L; Leung, Wah-Shing; Cheung, Alice P S; Chu, Chung-Ming

2016-01-01

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing acute exacerbation (AE-COPD) with decompensated respiratory acidosis are known to have poor outcomes in terms of recurrent respiratory failure and death. However, the outcomes of AE-COPD patients with compensated respiratory acidosis are not known. We performed a 1-year prospective, single-centre, cohort study in patients surviving the index admission for AE-COPD to compare baseline factors between groups with normocapnia, compensated respiratory acidosis and decompensated respiratory acidosis. Survival analysis was done to examine time to readmissions, life-threatening events and death. A total of 250 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and 245 patients were analysed. Compared with normocapnia, both compensated and decompensated respiratory acidosis are associated with lower FEV1 % (P respiratory acidosis, there was no difference in FEV1 (% predicted) (P = 0.15), GOLD stage (P = 0.091), BODE index (P = 0.158) or time to life-threatening events (P = 0.301). High PaCO2 level (P = 0.002) and previous use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute setting (P respiratory acidosis are associated with poorer lung function and higher risk of future life-threatening events. High PaCO2 level and past history of NIV use in acute settings were predictive factors for future life-threatening events. Compensated respiratory acidosis warrants special attention and optimization of medical therapy as it poses risk of life-threatening events. © 2015 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.

Hypercapnic Respiratory Acidosis During An In-Flight Oxygen Assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Spurling, Kristofer J; Moonsie, Ian K; Perks, Joseph L

2016-02-01

Patients with respiratory disease are at risk of excessive hypoxemia in the hypobaric commercial aircraft cabin environment, and the consensus is that this is easily corrected with supplementary oxygen. However, despite the risks of hypercapnia with increasing inspired oxygen in some patients being well established, this issue is not currently addressed in medical guidelines for air travel. A 76-yr-old woman with chronic type 2 respiratory failure underwent hypoxic challenge testing (HCT) to assess in-flight oxygen requirements. She is stable on home ventilation, and baseline arterial blood gases showed mild hypoxemia (Pao2 9.12 kPa), normal P(a)co(2) (5.64 kPa) and pH (7.36) with 98% S(p)O(2). HCT was performed delivering 15% FIo(2) via a mask, and the patient desaturated to respiratory acidosis (pH 7.25). The patient was advised against flying due to hypoxemia during HCT and the precipitous drop in pH on oxygen. It is possible to hyperoxygenate patients with type 2 respiratory failure in flight with the minimum level of supplementary oxygen available on many aircraft. In these cases P(a)co(2) and pH should be scrutinized during HCT before recommending in-flight oxygen. No current guidelines discuss the risk of hypercapnia from in-flight oxygen; it is therefore recommended that this be addressed in future revisions of medical air travel guidelines, should further research indicate it.

Feasibility and safety of low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal managed with a renal replacement platform to enhance lung-protective ventilation of patients with mild-to-moderate ARDS.

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Schmidt, Matthieu; Jaber, Samir; Zogheib, Elie; Godet, Thomas; Capellier, Gilles; Combes, Alain

2018-05-10

Extracorporeal carbon-dioxide removal (ECCO 2 R) might allow ultraprotective mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume (VT) (ventilator-induced lung injury. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility and safety of ECCO 2 R managed with a renal replacement therapy (RRT) platform to enable very low tidal volume ventilation of patients with mild-to-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Twenty patients with mild (n = 8) or moderate (n = 12) ARDS were included. VT was gradually lowered from 6 to 5, 4.5, and 4 ml/kg, and PEEP adjusted to reach 23 ≤ P plat  ≤ 25 cmH 2 O. Standalone ECCO 2 R (no hemofilter associated with the RRT platform) was initiated when arterial PaCO 2 increased by > 20% from its initial value. Ventilation parameters (VT, respiratory rate, PEEP), respiratory system compliance, P plat and driving pressure, arterial blood gases, and ECCO 2 R-system operational characteristics were collected during at least 24 h of very low tidal volume ventilation. Complications, day-28 mortality, need for adjuvant therapies, and data on weaning off ECCO 2 R and mechanical ventilation were also recorded. While VT was reduced from 6 to 4 ml/kg and P plat kept ventilation with moderate increase in PaCO 2 in patients with mild-to-moderate ARDS. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02606240. Registered on 17 November 2015.

[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: is there an association?].

Science.gov (United States)

Douik El Gharbi, Leila; Ismail, Imene; Dhahri, Besma; Ben Ammar, Jihene; Baccar, Mohamed Ali; Azzabi, Saloua; Aouina, Hichem; Zouari, Bechir; Bouacha, Hend

2011-01-01

Severe obesity sometimes leads to a chronic alveolar hypoventilation: obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), (Pao245mmHG and body mass index (BMI)>30Kg/m2). The association with an OSAS is frequent. To assess predicting factors that lead to hypoventilation in a population of obese patients with SAS and to deduct the type of association between OHS and SAS. We have study during 4 years, at pneumology service of Charles Nicolle hospital, 62 obese patients (BMI>30Kg /m2), 41men and 21 women and presenting an OSAS. We excluded those carriers of a bronchial obstruction (VEMS/CV 40) in 77.8% of patients of the G1 with significant difference with the G2 (P=0.004). We noted that there is a positive interrelationship between BMI and Paco2. We identified severe gazométrique perturbation in G1 (Pao2 medium = 61± 9 mmHg,Paco2 medium=50 ± 7 mmHg), in the G2 we noted a moderate hypoxemia. Patients of the group1 make of the minimal desaturation of 63 ± 17% and a Sao2 average of 81 ± 20% what is meaningfully more important than in the G2. The alveolar hypoventilation in SAS seems to be in correlation with the degree of obesity. The hypercapnie in the OHS is in relation neither with the SAOS nor with its severity. The OHSSAS association is usual but not synonym; the OHS is an autonomous disease.

Pulmonary Effects of Neonatal Hydrocortisone Treatment in Ventilator-Dependent Preterm Infants

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Sandra E. A. de Jong

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Objective. Hydrocortisone, administered to ventilated preterm neonates to facilitate extubation, has no adverse long-term effects, but short-term pulmonary effects have not been described previously. In the present study, we analyzed effects of hydrocortisone on ventilator settings and FiO2 in ventilator-dependent preterm infants. Patients and Methods. Fifty-five preterm children were included in this retrospective cohort study. Hydrocortisone was administered at a postnatal age of > 7 days to treat chronic lung disease (CLD. Ventilator settings before and after hydrocortisone administration were recorded as well as FiO2 at 36 weeks' gestational age. Presence of cerebral palsy was assessed at a mean corrected age of 24.1 months. Results. Hydrocortisone administered at a median postnatal age of 14 days significantly reduced FiO2 from a median of 0.39 to 0.30, mean airway pressure (MAP from a median of 10.0 cm H2O to 7.6 cm H2O, and PaCO2 from a median of 53.5 mmHg to 47 mmHg. Extubation was achieved in all patients. CLD at 36 weeks was present in 11 of the 52 patients (21.1%. None developed cerebral palsy. Conclusions. Hydrocortisone was effective in reducing the FiO2, MAP, and PaCO2 and facilitated extubation. Hydrocortisone was not associated with cerebral palsy.

Lung Transplantation in Cystic Fibrosis and the Impact of Extracorporeal Circulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Jauregui, Alberto; Deu, Maria; Romero, Laura; Roman, Antonio; Moreno, Antonio; Armengol, Manuel; Solé, Juan

2018-03-10

Lung disease is the major cause of death among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, affecting 80% of the population. The impact of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) during transplantation has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of lung transplantation for CF in a single center, and to assess the impact of ECC on survival. We performed a retrospective observational study of all trasplanted CF patients in a single center between 1992 and 2011. During this period, 64 lung transplantations for CF were performed. Five- and 10-year survival of trasplanted patients was 56.7% and 41.3%, respectively. Pre-transplantation supplemental oxygen requirements and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) do not seem to affect survival (P=.44 and P=.63, respectively). Five- and 10-year survival among patients who did not undergo ECC during transplantation was 75.69% and 49.06%, respectively, while in those did undergo ECC during the procedure, 5- and 10-year survival was 34.14% and 29.87%, respectively (P=.001). PaCO 2 is an independent risk factor for the need for ECC. The survival rates of CF patients undergoing lung transplantation in our hospital are similar to those described in international registries. Survival is lower among patients receiving ECC during the procedure. PaCO 2 is a risk factor for the need for ECC during lung transplantation. Copyright © 2018 SEPAR. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Sleep pattern in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and correlation among gasometric, spirometric, and polysomnographic variables

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Santos Carlos Eduardo Ventura Gaio dos

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: There are few studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD establishing differences between the functional parameters of the disease and sleep variables. The aim of the study was to describe the sleep pattern of these patients and to correlate spirometric, gasometric and polysomnographic variables. METHODS: Transversal study using COPD patients submitted to spirometry, arterial gasometry, and polysomnography. RESULTS: 21 male patients were studied with average age = 67 ± 9; 7 ± 4 average points in the Epworth sleepiness scale, average Tiffenau's index (FEV1/FVC = 54 ± 13.0%, average PaO2 = 68 ± 11 mmHg, average PaCO2 = 37 ± 6 mmHg. Sleep efficiency decreased (65 ± 16% with the reduction of slow wave sleep (8 ± 9% and rapid eye movement (REM sleep (15 ± 8%. Average T90 was 43 ± 41%. Average apnea-hypopnea index (AHI = 3 ± 5/h, where two patients (9.5% presented obstructive sleep apnea. A significant correlation was observed between PaO2 and T90 (p < 0.01, PaCO2 and T90 (p < 0.05, and AHI and the cardiac rate during REM (p < 0.01. A higher number of arousals and stage change was observed. There was no linear correlation between spirometric and polysomnographic variables. CONCLUSION: Poor sleep quality of these patients was characterized by low sleep efficiency, high number of awakenings and shift of stages. There were no correlations between the spirometric and polysomnographic variables.

Agents of Popular Sovereignty

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wolkenstein, Fabio

2018-01-01

Popular sovereignty requires that citizens perceive themselves as being able to act and implement decisions and be causally connected to mechanisms of decision-making. I argue that the two most common understandings of the exercise of popular sovereignty — which centre on direct decision making...... by the people as a whole and the indirect exercise of democratic agency by elected representatives, respectively — are inadequate in this respect, and go on to suggest a complementary account that stresses the central role of internally democratic and participatory political parties in actualising popular...... sovereignty. The argument defended contends that popular sovereignty ceases to be a mere fiction only when the people are active makers of decisions and not just passive recipients of the decisions of others; and they can only be active decision-makers when they engage in internally democratic parties...

The academic transitional experiences of masters’ students at the University of the Western Cape

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Jeffrey C. Hoffman

2012-08-01

A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive research design was employed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with masters’ students during 2009, using convenience sampling. Data was statistically analysed using the SPSS to provide descriptive statistics. The majority of the sample indicated a lack of academic preparedness, even though most of them had a bachelor’s degree. The primary reasons listed as motivation for master’s study were to improve knowledge and reaching self-actualisation. The majority is still eager to complete their studies. Most support systems were utilised and students rated these services as a positive experience that facilitates smooth academic transition. However, concerns are that not many students utilised the academic writing centre and those who did, rated the overall service as average. One of the main recommendations was that a research culture needs to be established

Motherhood transition through an existential lens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prinds, Christina Lange

2015-01-01

Motherhood transition is a significant life event. Research from various disciplines outlines pregnancy, birth and the initial period of motherhood as a period of life in which a woman might experience disruption and gain new perspectives in a bodily, psychological, social and existential way....... This may be even more relevant for women giving birth preterm, since research suggests that mothers of premature babies undergo an experience of loss, crisis and unpredictability. This PhD project aimed to identify whether motherhood transition actualises considerations on how to make meaning of life...... existentially among Danish first-time mothers, and whether they differ among mothers of full-term children (FT) and mothers of preterm children (PT). The thesis consists of three individual, still interrelated papers, first a scoping review among mothers having given birth at full term, identifying existing...

Autonomy among physically frail older people in nursing home settings

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, Mette; Puggaard, Lis

2008-01-01

BACKGROUND: Experiencing autonomy is recognised to promote health and well-being for all age groups. Perceived lack of control has been found to be detrimental to physical and mental health. There is a lack of evidence-based knowledge elucidating how frail older people in nursing home settings...... participants aged 65 years or older were included in the study. All the participants were restricted in performing at least one P-ADL activity unassisted and had a Mini Mental State Examination-score above 16. Perceived autonomy was measured at baseline, after 12 weeks and after 24 weeks by The Autonomy Sub......-dimension in the Measure of Actualisation of Potential test. Programmes were based on participants' individual assessment of their most important daily activities. Staff at all nursing homes who usually organize physical training, social or creative activities carried out individually tailored programmes using their usual...

Experience in-between architecture and context: the New Acropolis Museum, Athens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Annette Svaneklink

2012-01-01

This article is an introduction to how architecture’s context and conditions can be understood as signaletic with reference to Gilles Deleuze’s concept of the signaletic material. The understanding of architecture’s signaletic material addresses the process of becoming through the potentials...... of context and the requests towards function and programme, as well as through the methods for creating architecture - all seen as conditional components of a specific work of architecture and, consequently, as part of the signaletic material. A visit to the New Acropolis Museum is analysed to discuss how...... the potential of the in-between encounters of architecture, context and the experiencing subject can be part of the signaletic material and the process of becoming. This potential is actualised, for instance, in relation to the movement through the museum. The museum architecture affords experiences...

Sharing Experiences of Intercountry Adoption

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Raudaskoski, Pirkko; McIlvenny, Paul

In recent years, fields such as discursive psychology have paid attention to the social, instead of solely individual, character of emotions, bringing to the fore the interactional organisation of affect displays. In the same vein, other ‘inner’ processes, such as memory, are studied from...... are interactionally occasioned. Our special concern is with how the past is built into the present through memory work that is actualised and performed not just through language but also through embodied attention such as body posture, gaze and gestures. In other words, we study how the past is folded into the now...... of this research is to better understand the relationships between multimodality, embodiment, interaction and affect. We present the results of our analysis of how the experiences of adoptive parents are (re)mediated in a Danish television documentary series following five prospective adoptive couples, not all...

'Welcoming the Other': psychodrama in an acute inpatient unit.

Science.gov (United States)

Michael, Lorraine

2016-02-01

In this article, the author uses the leitmotifs inherent in a critically acclaimed film and in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas as a backdrop for discussion around how we encounter the humanity in the Other and its particular relevance for psychiatry. She proceeds to describe the existential underpinnings of psychodrama and demonstrates how she has been directing a psychodrama group, 'Theatre of Life', which has been operating for well over a decade within a public mental health system, acute inpatient unit. Through the ensuing discussion, she illustrates how the humanistic ethic of 'welcoming the Other' is actualised in the 'here-and now' of the psychodrama group psychotherapy process. A thematic analysis derived from group-members' evaluation of each session illuminates their felt sense depicting the ethic in action. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2015.

Loving God… unto death: The witness of the early Christians

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Rosell

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The article focuses on the social and theological dynamics that drove early Christ-followers to understand martyrdom as being a legitimate and honourable way by means of which to demonstrate love for God to the uttermost limits. Martyrdom is rooted much earlier in the Jewish tradition, though it received new impetus from the second century AD onwards. The study seeks to trace its raison d’être within the pages of the New Testament, both in the sayings of Jesus and the letters of Paul. It is argued that the apostle’s theology of suffering provided sufficient grounds for such an understanding, which finds in Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, one of its major representatives. Finally, the study seeks to reflect on the plausible actualisation of non-bloody martyrdom for today’s Christian discipleship, if it has any relevance at all.

Conductivite dans le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel a faible couplage

Science.gov (United States)

Bergeron, Dominic

Le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel (2D) est souvent considere comme le modele minimal pour les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique a base d'oxyde de cuivre (SCHT). Sur un reseau carre, ce modele possede les phases qui sont communes a tous les SCHT, la phase antiferromagnetique, la phase supraconductrice et la phase dite du pseudogap. Il n'a pas de solution exacte, toutefois, plusieurs methodes approximatives permettent d'etudier ses proprietes de facon numerique. Les proprietes optiques et de transport sont bien connues dans les SCHT et sont donc de bonne candidates pour valider un modele theorique et aider a comprendre mieux la physique de ces materiaux. La presente these porte sur le calcul de ces proprietes pour le modele de Hubbard 2D a couplage faible ou intermediaire. La methode de calcul utilisee est l'approche auto-coherente a deux particules (ACDP), qui est non-perturbative et inclue l'effet des fluctuations de spin et de charge a toutes les longueurs d'onde. La derivation complete de l'expression de la conductivite dans l'approche ACDP est presentee. Cette expression contient ce qu'on appelle les corrections de vertex, qui tiennent compte des correlations entre quasi-particules. Pour rendre possible le calcul numerique de ces corrections, des algorithmes utilisant, entre autres, des transformees de Fourier rapides et des splines cubiques sont developpes. Les calculs sont faits pour le reseau carre avec sauts aux plus proches voisins autour du point critique antiferromagnetique. Aux dopages plus faibles que le point critique, la conductivite optique presente une bosse dans l'infrarouge moyen a basse temperature, tel qu'observe dans plusieurs SCHT. Dans la resistivite en fonction de la temperature, on trouve un comportement isolant dans le pseudogap lorsque les corrections de vertex sont negligees et metallique lorsqu'elles sont prises en compte. Pres du point critique, la resistivite est lineaire en T a basse temperature et devient

Vers l’actualisation d’un « récit fantôme » ?

OpenAIRE

Campion, Baptiste

2009-01-01

Parmi les caractéristiques des « nouveaux » médias (sous-entendu : numériques) les plus souvent mises en avant, on retient généralement la non-linéarité, la réticularité et l’interactivité. Elles permettent de catégoriser les supports numériques à part des grands médias traditionnels, linéaires et non directement (par nature) réticulaires et interactifs. Pour ces raisons, les médias électroniques ont assurément ouvert des possibilités expressives nouvelles, dont les créateurs de tous types ne...

Cerebral blood flow, oxidative metabolism and cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in patients with acute bacterial meningitis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Kirsten; Strauss, Gitte Irene; Thomsen, Gerda

2002-01-01

BACKGROUND: The optimal arterial carbon dioxide tension (P(a)CO(2)) in patients with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is unknown and controversial. The objective of this study was to measure global cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity (CO(2)R), and cerebral metabolic rates...... and hyperventilation with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (14 patients) and/or the Kety-Schmidt technique (KS) (11 patients and all controls). In KS studies, CMR was measured by multiplying the arterial to jugular venous concentration difference (a-v D) by CBF. RESULTS: CBF did not differ...

Cuidado que el medicamento no se te salga por la nariz

OpenAIRE

Feijoo Calles, Daniela; Moreno Royo, Lucrecia; Salar Ibáñez, Luis

2017-01-01

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una patología caracterizada por una reducción persistente del flujo de aire. Esta enfermedad pulmonar es progresiva y potencialmente mortal. Suele causar disnea y las exacerbaciones y comorbilidades asociadas hacen que el pronóstico sea peor. Se presenta un caso de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico realizado siguiendo la metodología del Foro de Atención Farmacéutica en Farmacia Comunitaria en el Aula de Práctica Farmacéutica “Paco Martínez...

The effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil on regional cerebral blood flow in human volunteers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wolf, J; Friberg, L; Jensen, J

1990-01-01

computerized tomography, SPECT, immediately before, and 5 and 35 min after intravenous injection of flumazenil 1.0 mg or placebo. In addition, mean arterial blood pressures or PaCO2, rCBF were analysed for changes in various regions of interest (RoI). No alterations were found either in the global CBF or in r......CBF in RoI after flumazenil injection. The results showed that a clinically active dose of flumazenil did not directly affect the cerebral circulation in the normal brain and indicated absence of significant intrinsic activity of the drug....

Calculation of the life-time of thermal neutrons in a heterogeneous moderator: graphite-cadmium. Experimental verification using the pulsed neutrons method; Calcul du temps de vie des neutrons thermiques dans un moderateur heterogene: graphite-cadmium. Verification experimentale par la methode des neutrons pulses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jean, Lalande [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The heterogeneous medium is made up of an oblong assembly consisting 23 cm cells containing a cadmium bar having a diameter of 3.31 cm. The experimental value found for the lattice absorption v{sigma}a = 941 sec{sup -1} is in agreement with the value calculated from a one-group theory for one cell taking d = 2.55 {+-} 0.12 cm for the extrapolation distance in the cadmium rod. (author) [French] Le milieu heterogene est constitue par un assemblage parallelepipedique de cellules carrees de pas 23 cm contenant une barre de cadmium de diametre 3,31 cm. La valeur experimentale trouvee pour l'absorption du reseau v{sigma}a = 941 s{sup -1} concorde avec la valeur calculee par une theorie a un groupe sur une cellule en prenant comme distance d'extrapolation dans la barre de cadmium d = 2,55 {+-} 0,12 cm. (auteur)

Monitoring of good practices programs and independence for electricity and natural gas system operators - 2013-2014 report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monteil, Anne; Casadei, Cecile

2014-12-01

This report results from the analysis of 'reports on the implementation of good practices programs' transmitted to the CRE (the French Commission for energy regulation) at the beginning of 2014 by those in charge of operators compliance. The report is structured in two thematic files, completed by individual analyses of the situation of each operator. These thematic files respectively address the processing of claims by the different natural gas operators, and the processing by ERDF of requests of connection to the grid of renewable energy production installations in the South-West of France. For each operator, the analysis comprises an assessment of independence, and an assessment of the compliance with the good practice program by the operator. For these individual analyses, the report makes a distinction between distribution network operators (ERDF, GRDF, Electricite de Strasbourg, Geredis, SRD, URM, Regaz-Bordeaux, Reseau GDS) and transport network operators (RTE, GRTgaz, TIGF)

Genotypic characterization of Chilean llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) pestivirus isolates.

Science.gov (United States)

Aguirre, I M; Fuentes, R; Celedón, M O

2014-01-31

Llamas and alpacas are domesticated South American camelids (SACs) important to ancestral population in the Altiplano region, and to different communities worldwide where they have been introduced. These ungulates have shown to be susceptible to several livestock viral pathogens such as members of the Pestivirus genus, in particular Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV), but there is little data available on Pestivirus infections in SACs. In this study we aimed to detect and identify Pestivirus genotypes and subgroups infecting SACs in both wild and confined environments. Samples were collected from 136 llamas and 30 alpacas from different areas in the Chilean Altiplano (wild animals), and from 22 llamas and 26 alpacas diagnosed as Pestivirus positive from the Metropolitana region in Chile (confined animals). Seroneutralization tests showed titers lower than 2 in all 166 samples from Chilean Altiplano. These samples were also negative to BVDV isolation, indicating that these animals have not been exposed to Pestivirus. After reactivation of positive samples from the Metropolitana region, the 5' non-codifying region (5'NCR) and E2 glycoprotein were amplified by RT-PCR from the Pestivirus genome. Viral sequences were pairwise compared and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The 5'NCR analysis showed that all 12 sequenced isolates belonged to BVDV-1. Of particular interest, isolates from eight llama and two alpaca were BVDV-1j and two alpacas were BVDV-1b. In agreement with these results, E2 phylogenetic analysis rendered a similar grouping indicating that all 16 isolates belong to BVDV-1. However, the lower availability of E2 sequences determines the creation of a smaller number of sub-groups than the 5'NCR sequences. Based on the E2 sequences, the 5'NCR BVDV 1j group consisting of all the llamas and 3 alpacas are completely included in the E2 BVDV 1e group. Due to the universal availability of the 5'NCR segment, we propose the classification of these Chilean llamas and alpacas Pestivirus isolates as BVDV 1j and BVDV 1b respectively. Thus, this is the first time BVDV-1j is obtained in SACs. In addition, these results indicate Pestivirus infection in llamas and alpacas is associated with bovine population as genotypes and sub-groups are the same as those affecting Chilean livestock. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Music education and musicians: Expectations, course and outcomes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogunović Blanka

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Considering the long-term talent development, from the moment of its recognition to the moment when an adult is confronted with the necessity of integration in the professional music and life streams, we wonder whether education satisfies the needs of talents and provides, in the long run, the necessary knowledge and skills. The aim of this research was to investigate: (1 the initial motivation for learning music and expectations from music education; (2 the course of development of young musicians (the degree of self-actualisation, developmental perspectives, evaluation of music education and (3 outcomes of music education and development of the professional career. The sample (N=487 consisted of five subsamples: music kindergarten pupils, students of primary music schools, students of secondary music schools, university students of music and teachers at music schools and universities. The paper analyses psychological, educational and professional aspects of education of musically gifted pupils and students, as well as music teachers in five successive age groups. The results indicate that with an increase in age there is a considerable increase in the variety and scope of expectations and a higher aspiration towards personal, educational and professional lifelong improvement, while, at the same time, there is a considerable decrease in the level of fulfilment of expectations and the level of assessment of self-actualisation. This is indicative of a continuously present feeling of “hidden underachievement” in the group of (relatively successful young musicians and professionals. Analysis of respondents’ answers points out to the existence of still traditional system of music education, which lacks flexibility and innovation and fails to provide a sufficient level of transferable knowledge and skills. The findings point out to a whole cluster of controversies demanding further reconsideration and (redesigning of the curriculum of (high

A methodology for the electrical energy system planning of Tamil Nadu state (India)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daniel, J.; Dicorato, M.; Forte, G.; Iniyan, S.; Trovato, M.

2009-01-01

In this paper, an energy planning optimisation procedure of a selected territory is illustrated and applied using an energy flow optimisation model. The developed approach takes into account various electricity generating options to meet the energy needs of various demand sectors. Energy saving techniques and hybrid technologies are considered and various scenarios are developed by assessing the contribution of renewable energy technologies over the planning period. The procedure aims to reduce the total actualised cost of energy generation over selected time horizon and predicts the additional installations required along with the existing facilities to meet the energy demand. At the same time the role of renewable energy technologies and of energy saving measures is evaluated by imposing suitable constraints on CO 2 emissions and primary energy sources exploitation. The procedure is applied to the territory of Tamil Nadu state (India) by considering different energy planning scenarios

Originals and reproductions: information society challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vilenka Jakac-Bizjak

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Due to digitisation of traditional documents new collections of electronic publications/resources are formed. The article deals with the process of planning of digitisation of library materials on traditional media, accompanying decisions and procedures, as well as methods of storage and preservation of digitised materials, the impact of target public on the decision about what to digitise and the questions of copyright. Acquisition and preservation of new media has an important influence on the work of libraries, especially on collection development. Parallel to these changes new technical terms develop, as for example information resources management.In the introduction, the author actualise the thought of Walter Benjamin on the impact of reproduction techniques on the status of original documents and on the separation of tradition from what was reproduced. The question whether digitisation changes the principles of national libraries underlying the preservation of national cultural heritage is raised.

What are the decision criteria of an energy policy?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daures, Pierre

2014-04-01

The author analyses and comments the determining factors of an energy policy. The first issue is to match supply and demand. He outlines why demand is difficult to control. As far as supply is concerned, several scales must be taken into account, notably a time scale (differences between base energies and intermittent energies) and a geographical scale (mass production and local production). Other determining factors are security of energy supply, preservation of the local environment, impact on climate, costs and prices, competitiveness of national companies, and the management of risks. The author then discusses how to take a decision, how to arbitrate between these factors as decisions are important and have long-lasting effects, as calculations on the long term raise the issue of future actualisation, as externalities must be integrated and valorised, and as an energy policy must set clear objectives and be aimed at the common good

Psychological Impact of Virtual Reality Gaming on the Formation of Self-Image in Early School-Age Children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pakhomova V.G.,

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The article investigates the problem of interaction between a modern primary school-aged child and the field of virtual reality gaming and, in particular, the impact of virtual reality on the formation of self-image. Our study enabled us to explore the differences in the self-image in active and non-active players of roleplaying video games. The outcomes proved that there are certain changes in the self-image of active players related to their self-identification with characters of computer games according to their individual psychological features, whereas for children who engage in non-role-playing games such identification is not common. It was found that non-active children players generally have positive selfacceptance and do not suffer from feelings of anxiety and abandonment; active players, on the opposite, often demonstrate inadequate self-esteem, anxiety and a tendency to self-actualise in virtual reality gaming.

High frequency jet ventilation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Effect of cerebral blood flow in patients after open heart surgery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pittet, J.F.; Forster, A.; Suter, P.M.

1990-01-01

Attenuation of ventilator-synchronous pressure fluctuations of intracranial pressure has been demonstrated during high frequency ventilation in animal and human studies, but the consequences of this effect on cerebral blood flow have not been investigated in man. We compared the effects of high frequency jet ventilation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation on CBF in 24 patients investigated three hours after completion of open-heart surgery. The patients were investigated during three consecutive periods with standard sedation (morphine, pancuronium): a. IPPV; b. HFJV; c. IPPV. Partial pressure of arterial CO 2 (PaCO 2 : 4.5-5.5 kPa) and rectal temperature (35.5 to 37.5 degree C) were maintained constant during the study. The CBF was measured by intravenous 133 Xe washout technique. The following variables were derived from the cerebral clearance of 133 Xe: the rapid compartment flow, the initial slope index, ie, a combination of the rapid and the slow compartment flows, and the ratio of fast compartment flow over total CBF (FF). Compared to IPPV, HFJV applied to result in the same mean airway pressure did not produce any change in pulmonary gas exchange, mean systemic arterial pressure, and cardiac index. Similarly, CBF was not significantly altered by HFJV. However, important variations of CBF values were observed in three patients, although the classic main determinants of CBF (PaCO 2 , cerebral perfusion pressure, Paw, temperature) remained unchanged. Our results suggest that in patients with normal systemic hemodynamics, the effects of HFJV and IPPV on CBF are comparable at identical levels of mean airway pressure

The effect of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation on lung protection in obese patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Lili; Shen, Jianjun; Yan, Min

2017-10-01

To examine the effects of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PCIRV) and volume-control ventilation (VCV) on arterial oxygenation, pulmonary function, hemodynamics, levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in obese patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Sixty patients, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 , scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either PCIRV with an inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1.5:1 (PCIRV group n = 30) or VCV with an I:E ratio of 1:2 (VCV group n = 30). Ventilation variables, viz. tidal volume (V T ), dynamic respiratory-system compliance (C RS ), driving pressure (ΔP = V T /C RS ), arterial blood oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspiration oxygen (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2 ), were measured. Hemodynamic variables, viz. mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and serum levels of SP-A and TNF-α, were also measured. When compared to patients in the VCV group, patients in the PCIRV group had higher V T , dynamic C RS , and PaO 2 /FiO 2 , and lower ΔP and PaCO 2 at 20 and 60 min after the start of pneumoperitoneum (p ventilation, promote gas exchange and oxygenation, and is associated with decreased levels of SP-A and TNF-α. These effects demonstrate improved lung protection provided by PCIRV in this patient population.

Long-term oxygen therapy: Are we prescribing appropriately?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª Rosa Güell Rous

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Mª Rosa Güell RousDepartament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu I de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainAbstract: Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT is the treatment proven to improve survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure. It also appears to reduce the number of hospitalizations, increase effort capacity, and improve health-related quality of life. Standard LTOT criteria are related to COPD patients who have PaO2 <60 mmHg, are in a clinical stable situation, and are receiving optimal pharmacological treatment. According to LTOT guidelines, oxygen should be prescribed for at least 18 hours per day although some authors consider 24 hours would be more beneficial. The benefits of LTOT depend on correction of hypoxemia. Arterial blood gases should be measured at rest. During exercise, an effort test should be done to assure adequate SaO2. During sleep, continuous monitoring of SaO2 and PaCO2 should be performed to confirm correction of SaO2 overnight. An arterial blood gas sample should be taken at awakening to assess PaCO2 in order to prevent hypoventilation from the oxygen therapy. Several issues that need to be addressed are the use of LTOT in COPD patients with moderate hypoxemia, the efficacy of LTOT in patients who desaturate during exercise or during sleep, the optimal dosage of oxygen supplementation, LTOT compliance, and the LTOT prescription in diseases other than COPD.Keywords: long-term oxygen therapy, COPD, oxygen supplementation, chronic respiratory failure, hypoxemia

Effect of acetazolamide on post-NIV metabolic alkalosis in acute exacerbated COPD patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Fontana, V; Santinelli, S; Internullo, M; Marinelli, P; Sardo, L; Alessandrini, G; Borgognoni, L; Ferrazza, A M; Bonini, M; Palange, P

2016-01-01

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective treatment in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). However, it may induce post-hypercapnic metabolic alkalosis (MA). This study aims to evaluate the effect of acetazolamide (ACET) in AECOPD patients treated with NIV. Eleven AECOPD patients, with hypercapnic respiratory failure and MA following NIV, were treated with ACET 500 mg for two consecutive days and compared to a matched control group. Patients and controls were non invasively ventilated in a bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) mode to a standard maximal pressure target of 15-20 cmH2O. ACET intra-group analysis showed a significant improvement for PaCO2 (63.9 ± 9.8 vs. 54.9 ± 8.3 mmHg), HCO3- (43.5 ± 5.9 vs. 36.1 ± 5.4 mmol/L) and both arterial pH (7.46 ± 0.06 vs. 7.41 ± 0.06) and urinary pH (6.94 ± 0.77 vs 5.80 ± 0.82), already at day 1. No significant changes in endpoints considered were observed in the control group at any time-point. Inter-group analysis showed significant differences between changes in PaCO2 and HCO3- (delta), both at day 1 and 2. Furthermore, the length of NIV treatment was significantly reduced in the ACET group compared to controls (6 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 19 days). No adverse events were recorded in the ACET and control groups. ACET appears to be effective and safe in AECOPD patients with post-NIV MA.

Incidence of Postoperative Acid-Base Disturbances in Abdominal Surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taghavi Gilani M

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Respiratory and blood pressure changes as well as fluid administration alter the acid-base balance during the perioperative period which may cause consciousness disturbance and additional hemodynamic disorders. The aim of this study was to identify frequent postoperative acid-base disturbances in order to control postoperative complications. Materials and Methods:This prospective, observational study design was used on patients who underwent abdominal surgery during a six-month period. Gasometry was performed immediately after the patients’ admittion to ICU and six and 12 hours postoperatively. SPSS v13 software was used, and PResults: 213 patients (123 male and 90 female aged 14-85 years (51.7± 22.4 were evaluated. During admission, PH and PaCO2 were (7.29±0.13 and (38.3±11.9, respectively; however, although PH increased gradually (P=0.001, PaCO2 was reduced (P=0.03. Bicarbonate and base excess had opposite effects; bicarbonate initially decreased but increased after 12 hours (P=0.001, whereas base excess initially increased (-6.3±11.6 and then decreased gradually (P=0.003. The arterial oxygen pressure was reduced for 22.5% of the patients throughout the admission period, and this did not significantly change (P=0.57. Conclusion: According to the results, in admission, 65.7% had metabolic acidosis, but metabolic alkalosis was the least. Gradually, metabolic acidosis was modified, but metabolic alkalosis increased. Intraoperative hypotension and fluid infusion may be the main factors of early metabolic acidosis and control of hypotension, or correction of acidosis may increase metabolic alkalosis.

Effects of cigarette smoking on cerebral blood flow in normal adults

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shinohara, Takao

1997-01-01

To elucidate the pharmacological effects of cigarette smoking on cerebral function and blood flow in normal adults, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in 10 right-handed male healthy volunteers with a smoking habit after 12-hour abstinence. By the oxygen-15 intravenous injection method, quantitative CBF was measured repeatedly 6 times; during normal breathing (baseline), 5% CO 2 inhalation and cigarette smoking. Sham smoking was performed during baseline and CO 2 inhalation. To eliminate the effects from PaCO 2 , CBF was adjusted based on the vascular reactivity to CO 2 and PaCO 2 during smoking. Pulse rate, systemic blood pressure and arterial nicotine level were increased during smoking. In the overall comparison, there was no significant change in the mean CBF during smoking as compared with baseline. Out of 19 sessions, CBF increased significantly in 7 sessions, while CBF decreased in 7 sessions and was unchanged in 5 sessions. The arterial concentration of nicotine correlated inversely with CBF. When the baseline CBF was relatively low, CBF increased during smoking, while it decreased when the baseline value was high. In the 3-dimensional statistical analysis of normalized CBF, a significant increase was seen in the nucleus accumbens, which is assumed to be related to the drug habits or addiction in previous studies. In the first smoking after abstinence, CBF increased in the orbitofrontal gyri, and this can be linked to reward or relaxation. By contrast, a significant decrease was observed in the occipital lobes and paracentral areas. (author)

Functional response of tumor vasculature in rats' glioma to hypercarbia evaluated by MR perfusion weighted imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Qingbo; Feng Xiaoyuan; Liang Zonghui; Chen Shuan

2008-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of MR PWI in judging maturity and variability of tumor vasculature in gliomas in rats. Methods: Twenty male SD rats were randomly assigned to tumor group and control group. Four weeks after implantation of C6 glioma cells in the brains of tumor group and injection of saline in the brains of control group, all rats were examined using MR PWI before and after inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO2 and 90% air. PaCO 2 and blood pH values of rats were monitored. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF) values of tumors and normal brain tissue were measured. Brain sample were examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin(SMA). The histological features of gliomas were observed and SMA positively stained vessels of each tumor were counted manually using a light microscope. Perfusion data and pathological findings were analyzed statistically with SPSS for Windows. Results: PaCO 2 increased significantly [from(4.69±0.62)kPa to (7.62±0.81) kPa in tumor group and from (4.67±0.51) kPa to (7.63±0.78) kPa in control group, P 0.05), while changing rate of rCBV, rCBF in normal brain tissue correlated well with number of positive SMA labeled vessels (r=0.721 and 0.525, P 2 increase in the normal brain and in the tumor. It may be a useful technique to measure maturity of tumor vessels. (authors)

Le réseau d'échanges des savoirs de belleville e ménilmontant: uma discussão sobre associativismo e reciprocidade no mundo contemporâneo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Graziela Gomes

2001-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo tecer algumas reflexões sobre os modos de apropriação locais de uma forma associativa francesa específica - le réseau d' échanges des savoirs - de Belleville e Ménilmontant, dois quartiers populares, sediados no leste parisiense. A partir de minha experiência como participante do reseau, observações e conversas com os demais participantes, conclui que, basicamente, tratam-se de dois modos: o primeiro, relativo à produção de localidade, da condição de pertença dos moradores do quartier; o segundo, relativo à produção de capital social, traduzido em confiança e, por sua vez, formas de cooperação. O importante a ser ressaltado é que esses dois modos de apropriação não são exclusivos, ambos convivem, fundem- se e se interpenetram.

Effect of spin disorder on resistivity; Effet du desordre de spin sur la resistivite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gennes, P.G. de [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France); Friedel, J [Faculte des Sciences de Paris, 75 (France)

1959-07-01

The resistivity of magnetic metals is studied in the case where the spin carriers are bound to the atoms (ex.: rare earths). The effect of short-range order is shown to be generally small even at the critical point. The inelasticity of the magnetic collisions between electrons and lattice can also be neglected, but this approximation becomes bad at low temperatures. In this region a spin-wave approximation is used. (author) [French] On etudie l'influence des phenomenes magnetiques sur la resistivite des metaux ou les porteurs de spin sont lies aux atomes (ex.: Terres rares). Une bonne approximation a temperature suffisamment elevee consiste a negliger l'ordre a courte distance et l'inelasticite des collisions magnetiques electrons-reseau. On montre que l'effet de l'ordre a courte distance est en general negligeable meme a la temperature critique. L'approximation devient fausse a basse temperature et doit alors etre remplacee par l'approximation des ondes de spin. (auteur)

Enhanced cerebral CO₂ reactivity during strenuous exercise in man

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Peter; Stie, Henrik; Nielsen, Bodil

2006-01-01

be accounted for by the reduction in the arterial CO(2) tension (P(a)CO(2)). This study evaluated whether the apparently large reduction in MCA V(mean) at the end of exhaustive exercise relates to an enhanced cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity. The CO(2) reactivity was evaluated in six young healthy male......) at rest to 61.4 +/- 10.1% kPa(-1) during exercise with hyperthermia (P accounted for the 28 +/- 10% decrease in MCA V(mean). The results suggest that during...... exercise changes in cerebral blood flow are dominated by the arterial carbon dioxide tension....

A Quick Reference on Respiratory Alkalosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Rebecca A

2017-03-01

Respiratory alkalosis, or primary hypocapnia, occurs when alveolar ventilation exceeds that required to eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by tissues. Concurrent decreases in Paco 2 , increases in pH, and compensatory decreases in blood HCO 3 - levels are associated with respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic, with metabolic compensation initially consisting of cellular uptake of HCO 3 - and buffering by intracellular phosphates and proteins. Chronic respiratory alkalosis results in longer-lasting decreases in renal reabsorption of HCO 3 - ; the arterial pH can approach near-normal values. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Siivsalt lahendatud Skoone bastion / Karin Paulus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paulus, Karin, 1975-

2005-01-01

Tallinna vanalinnas asuva Skoone bastioni ja sellega külgneva staadioni arendamiseks väljakuulutatud ideekonkursi võidutöödest. Peapreemia sai töö "Glassii" (autorid Maarja Kask, Ralf Lõoke, Karli Luik arhitektuuribüroost Salto). Teise preemia pälvis töö "SK-one" (autorid Timo Subbi, Mihkel Urmet, Taavi Kaldaru arhitektuuribüroost Suburb OÜ). Kolmanda preemia sai töö "Karl XI" (autorid Ott Kadarik, Villem Tomiste, Mihkel Tüür, Paco-Ernest Ulman arhitektuuribüroost Kosmos). Võistlustöödega saab tutvuda Arhitektuuri- ja Disainigaleriis. Harry Liivranna lühike ülevaade Skone bastioni ajaloost

Medication effects on sleep and breathing.

Science.gov (United States)

Seda, Gilbert; Tsai, Sheila; Lee-Chiong, Teofilo

2014-09-01

Sleep respiration is regulated by circadian, endocrine, mechanical and chemical factors, and characterized by diminished ventilatory drive and changes in Pao2 and Paco2 thresholds. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia are more pronounced during rapid eye movement. Breathing is influenced by sleep stage and airway muscle tone. Patient factors include medical comorbidities and body habitus. Medications partially improve obstructive sleep apnea and stabilize periodic breathing at altitude. Potential adverse consequences of medications include precipitation or worsening of disorders. Risk factors for adverse medication effects include aging, medical disorders, and use of multiple medications that affect respiration. Published by Elsevier Inc.

UN RESEAU DE NEURONES MULTICOUCHES POUR LA RECONNAISSANCE HORS LIGNE DES CARACTERES MANUSCRITS ARABES

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S OUCHTATI

2002-06-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we present an off line method of Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition. The study is based on the analysis of several performances of feature vectors. It is hoped that the results of the evaluation contribute to the conception of operational systems. The futures are the projection moments, Barr-features, and Fourier descriptors. The classification is achieved by a standard multi-layer perception.

Optical lattice clock with strontium atoms; Horloge a reseau optique a atomes de strontium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baillard, X.; Le Targat, R.; Fouche, M.; Brusch, A.; Westergaard, Ph.G.; Lecallier, A.; Lodewyck, J.; Lemonde, P. [Observatoire de Paris, LNE-SYRTE, Systemes de Reference Temps Espace, 75 (France)

2009-07-01

Optical lattice clocks, which were first imagined in 2000, should allow one to achieve unprecedented performances in the domain of atomic clocks. We present here the Strontium lattice clock, developed at LNE-SYRTE. The principle, in particular trapping atoms in the Lamb-Dicke regime and the notion of magic wavelength, is first explained. We then present the results obtained for the {sup 87}Sr isotope, with a frequency accuracy of 2,6.10{sup -15}, and the {sup 88}Sr isotope, with. which we perform the first frequency measurement of an optical lattice clock with bosonic atoms. (authors)

Optical lattice clock with Strontium atoms; Horloge a reseau optique a atomes de strontium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baillard, X

2008-01-15

This thesis presents the latest achievements regarding the optical lattice clock with Strontium atoms developed at LNE-SYRTE. After a review of the different types of optical clocks that are currently under development, we stress on the concept of optical lattice clock which was first imagined for Sr{sup 87} using the {sup 1}S{sub 0} {yields} {sup 3}P{sub 0} transition. We exhibit the features of this atom, in particular the concept of magic wavelength for the trap, and the achievable performances for this kind of clock. The second part presents the experimental aspects, insisting particularly on the ultra-stable laser used for the interrogation of the atoms which is a central part of the experiment. Among the latest improvements, an optical pumping phase and an interrogation phase using a magnetic field have been added in order to refine the evaluation of the Zeeman effect. Finally, the last part presents the experimental results. The last evaluation of the clock using Sr{sup 87} atoms allowed us to reach a frequency accuracy of 2.6*10{sup -15} and a measurement in agreement with the one made at JILA (Tokyo university) at the 10{sup -15} level. On another hand, thanks to recent theoretical proposals, we made a measurement using the bosonic isotope Sr{sup 88} by adapting the experimental setup. This measurement represents the first evaluation for this type of clock, with a frequency accuracy of 7*10{sup -14}. (author)

Osmolality and respiratory regulation in humans: respiratory compensation for hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is absent after infusion of hypertonic saline in healthy volunteers.

Science.gov (United States)

Moen, Vibeke; Brudin, Lars; Rundgren, Mats; Irestedt, Lars

2014-10-01

Several animal studies show that changes in plasma osmolality may influence ventilation. Respiratory depression caused by increased plasma osmolality is interpreted as inhibition of water-dependent thermoregulation because conservation of body fluid predominates at the cost of increased core temperature. Respiratory alkalosis, on the other hand, is associated with a decrease in plasma osmolality and strong ion difference (SID) during human pregnancy. We investigated the hypothesis that osmolality would influence ventilation, so that increased osmolality will decrease ventilation and decreased osmolality will stimulate ventilation in both men and women. Our study participants were healthy volunteers of both sexes (ASA physical status I). Ten men (mean 28 years; range 20-40) and 9 women (mean 33 years; range 22-43) were included. All women participated in both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Hyperosmolality was induced by IV infusion of hypertonic saline 3%, and hypoosmolality by drinking tap water. Arterial blood samples were collected for analysis of electrolytes, osmolality, and blood gases. Sensitivity to CO2 was determined by rebreathing tests performed before and after the fluid-loading procedures. Infusion of hypertonic saline caused hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with decreased SID in all subjects. Analysis of pooled data showed absence of respiratory compensation. Baseline arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) mean (SD) 37.8 (2.9) mm Hg remained unaltered, with lowest PaCO2 37.8 (2.9) mm Hg after 100 minutes, P = 0.70, causing a decrease in pH from mean (SD) 7.42 (0.02) to 7.38 (0.02), P acidosis was also observed during water loading. Pooled results show that PaCO2 decreased from 38.2 (3.3) mm Hg at baseline to 35.7 (2.8) mm Hg after 80 minutes of drinking water, P = 0.002, and pH remained unaltered: pH 7.43 (0.02) at baseline to pH 7.42 (0.02), P = 0.14, mean difference (confidence interval) = pH -0.007 (-0.017 to 0.003). Our results indicate

CORPORATE CULTURE IN SLOVAK ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR OF HRM QUALITY - CASE STUDY

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Silvia Lorincová

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Corporate culture as a unique set of opinions, value systems and standards of behaviour is specific for each organisation. It can be observed in behaviour, mutual interaction, self-actualisation. It is necessary to familiarize with its principles and individual levels in order to understand this multilateral phenomenon. We want to mention the differences in corporate culture in medium-sized enterprises (up to 250 employees and large businesses (more than 250 employees in Slovakia in the year 2016 using the methodology OCAI. Following the results we define the level of corporate culture as a part of human resource management. Pursuant to the analysis of the sampling unit consisting of 108 medium-sized enterprises we found out that the dominant corporate culture in enterprises nowadays is the clan culture. On the other hand, hierarchical corporate culture is the most common corporate culture in large businesses (41 businesses with the number of employees over 250.

Psychological wellness constructs: relationships and group differences

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Liezl Gropp

2007-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between several constructs that were hypothesised to be components underlying psychological wellness and to establish whether there were differences between managerial and non-managerial groups or between Black and White groups in respect of the wellness variables. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI, Locus of Control Inventory (LOC, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC, and the Bar-On EQ-I were administered to a random sample of 200 employees of a financial services company. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups on several of the wellness variables with the manager and White groups obtaining higher scores on these variables than their comparison groups. However, in respect of External Locus of Control, the non-manager and Black groups obtained the higher scores. Factor analytic results demonstrated that the wellness variables clustered in two correlated factors (r = 0,43 labeled psychological wellness and self-actualisation.

Design-Based Research in Science Education: One Step Towards Methodology

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Kalle Juuti

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Recently, there has been critiques towards science education research, as the potential of this research has not been actualised in science teaching and learning praxis. The paper describes an analysis of a design-based research approach (DBR that has been suggested as a solution for the discontinuation between science education research and praxis. We propose that a pragmatic frame helps to clarify well the design-based research endeavour. We abstracted three aspects from the analysis that constitute design-based research: (a a design process is essentially iterative starting from the recognition of the change of the environment of praxis, (b it generates a widely usable artefact, (c and it provides educational knowledge for more intelligible praxis. In the knowledge acquisition process, the pragmatic viewpoint emphasises the role of a teacher’s reflected actions as well as the researches’ involvement in the authentic teaching and learning settings.

Performance management: the neglected imperative of accountability systems in education

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M J Mosoge

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The first aim of this paper is to clarify the concept "performance management" as an aspect of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS. The second is to report on an exploration into the experiences and perceptions of management teams in the implementation of performance management. As part of the qualitative research design, the individual interview was selectedfor use in this research. Fifteen participants drawn randomlyfrom 24 schools were interviewed. The findings revealed the weakness of integrating development with appraisal since it leads to the neglect of development in favour of appraisal which is linked to incentives. A lack of knowledge and expertise on the IQMS processes such as mentoring, coaching, and monitoring was found to hamper the zeal to implement performance management. Teachers, as co-developers of education policy on the ground, act as a driving force behind the actualisation of transformation in education. The development of teachers is therefore crucial in an education system that is in the grips of transformation.

ICT-Enabled Time-Critical Clinical Practices: Examining the Affordances of an Information Processing Solution

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Leonard Hoon

2015-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we present a case study of a decision-support system deployment at The Alfred Hospital, in Melbourne, Australia. This work outlines Information and Communications Technology (ICT affordances and their actualisations in time-critical clinical practices to enable better information processing. From our study findings, we present a stage-wise model describing the role played by ICT in the context of the Trauma Centre practices. This addresses a knowledge gap surrounding the role and impact of ICT in the delivery of quality improvements to processes and culture in time-critical environments, amid increasing expenditure on ICT globally. Our model has implications for research and practice, such that we observe for the first time how information standards, synergy and renewal are developed between the system and its users in order to reduce error rates in the healthcare context. Through the study findings, we demonstrate that healthcare quality can be further refined as ICT allows for knowledge dissemination and informs existing practices.

Providing affinity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Guglielmi, Michel; Johannesen, Hl

2004-01-01

, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Research found that there was a lack of identity or sense of belonging and nothing anchoring people to the region as a whole. Common affinity is somehow forced to the people of East England and thereby we came to the conclusion that a single landmark...... and potential situations but also virtual events that calls for an undeterminated process of resolution. This process is activated by the user who co-produces the actualisation as an answer to a virtual reality that we defined at the first place. The potential situations or the possible it is a fantomatic real....... The possible is like the real. It is determinated and it only lakes existence. While the possible is already made, the virtual is like a problematic which needs to be resolved and actualized. Our installations are based on high tech interactivity where we use sensors and remote communication to offer a sense...

INNOVATIVE ERP APPLICATIONS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE

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A. Sknar

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Contemporary economic science is looking for ways of research actualisation to resolve the challenges under the world financial crisis. Besides existing challenges in private de-regulated sector, one of the efficient innovations can be found in broadening ERP applications in the Public Sector. This paper approaches to the ERP applications mainly from the economical rather than from technical perspective. Comparative analysis of New Zealand public sector is supported by relevant international practical experience (implementations, and by core fundamental analysis of economical nature of business processes used by public entities. The key advantage (based on a historical timeline comes from a full integration of financial scope and operational activities. Using the example of ERP (as one of the drivers of productivity and performance improvement, the paper is aiming to underline how to bring the best practice and technology (data management and logical architecture from the private sector into the public sphere.

Beyond health and well-being: transformation, memory and the virtual in older people's music and dance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kate Wakeling

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Research exploring older people and the participatory arts has tended to focus on notions of biomedical impact, often coupled with appeals to evasive notions of "well-being." Rather than suggesting such approaches are invalid, this article proposes the need for their extension and proposes an alternative, critical approach to analysing older people's experience of arts participation. Based on ethnographic participant observation and intensive consultation with a cohort of older people engaged in a programme of creative music and dance, we explore the complex processes and possibilities of transformation that the participatory arts can initiate, examining how performance can create intriguing linkages between past, present and future experiences. Taking a phenomenological approach to the study of memory, recollection, reminiscence and future anticipation, we discuss how arts participation can "actualise" potential memories in older participants, examining how and why this kind of expressive activity animates the idea of "virtual" selves (after Bergson.

Effect of mechanical pressure-controlled ventilation in patients with disturbed respiratory function during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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Šurbatović Maja

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be the gold standard for laparoscopic surgical procedures. In ASA III patients with concomitant respiratory diseases, however, creation of pneumoperitoneum and the position of patients during surgery exert additional negative effect on intraoperative respiratory function, thus making a higher challenge for the anesthesiologist than for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV during general anesthesia on respiratory function in ASA III patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods. The study included 60 patients randomized into two groups depending on the mode of ventilation: IPPV or PCV. Respiratory volume (VT, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP, compliance (C, end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2, oxygen saturation (SpO2, partial pressures of O2, CO2 (PaO2 and PaCO2 and pH of arterial blood were recorded within four time intervals. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in VT, SpO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and pH values neither within nor between the two groups. In time interval t1 there were no statistically significant differences in PIP, C, PETCO2 values between the IPPV and the PCV group. But, in the next three time intervals there was a difference in PIP, C, and PETCO2 values between the two groups which ranged from statistically significant to highly significant; PIP was lower, C and PETCO2 were higher in the PCV group. Conclusion. Pressure controlled ventilation better maintains stability regarding intraoperative ventilatory parameters in ASA III patients with concomitant respiratory diseases during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Does ammonia trigger hyperventilation in the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias suckleyi?

Science.gov (United States)

De Boeck, Gudrun; Wood, Chris M

2015-01-15

We examined the ventilatory response of the spiny dogfish, to elevated internal or environmental ammonia. Sharks were injected via arterial catheters with ammonia solutions or their Na salt equivalents sufficient to increase plasma total ammonia concentration [TAmm]a by 3-5 fold from 145±21μM to 447±150μM using NH4HCO3 and a maximum of 766±100μM using (NH4)2SO4. (NH4)2SO4 caused a small increase in ventilation frequency (+14%) and a large increase in amplitude (+69%), while Na2SO4 did not. However, CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) also increased and arterial pHa and plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3(-)]a) decreased. NH4HCO3 caused a smaller increase in plasma ammonia resulting in a smaller but significant, short lived increases in ventilation frequency (+6%) and amplitude (36%), together with a rise in PaCO2 and [HCO3(-)]a. Injection with NaHCO3 which increased pHa and [HCO3(-)]a did not change ventilation. Plasma ammonia concentration correlated significantly with ventilation amplitude, while ventilation frequency showed a (negative) correlation with pHa. Exposure to high environmental ammonia (1500μM NH4HCO3) did not induce changes in ventilation until plasma [TAmm]a increased and ventilation amplitude (but not frequency) increased in parallel. We conclude that internal ammonia stimulates ventilation in spiny dogfish, especially amplitude or stroke volume, while environmental ammonia only stimulates ventilation after ammonia diffuses into the bloodstream. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative evaluation of right ventricular overload in cor pulmonale using 201Tl myocardial SPECT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, Hiroshi; Misawa, Toshihiro; Kutsumi, Yasunori

1991-01-01

To determine quantitatively the discriminant and characteristics of cor pulmonale, 201 Tl myocardial perfusion SPECT was performed in 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 7 with restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD). One section of the short-axis SPECT image in which the right ventricle was most clearly visualized was selected. Tl-score was defined as the ratio of the sum of counts in the region of interest (ROI) at the anterior, mid, and posterior regions of the right ventricular free wall to the sum of counts in ROI at the posterior, lateral, and anterior walls of the left ventricle, and the anterior and posterior regions of the interventricular septum. In the group of COPD patients, Tl-score was positively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPR), and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO 2 ), while it was inversely correlated with arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2 ). However, there was no significant correlation between Tl-score and mPAP, TPR, PaCO 2 , and PaO 2 in the group of RPD patients. In assessing pulmonary hypertension as defined by mPAP over 20 mmHg, a Tl-score greater than 0.25 was useful with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 90%. The occurrence of cor pulmonale is a major factor in determining the prognosis of COPD patients. It was concluded that 201 Tl myocardial SPECT is useful for evaluating right ventricular overload quantitatively, as well as for assessing core pulmonale, especially in COPD patients, since the ratio of Tl counts in the right and left ventricles was significantly correlated with right cardiopulmonary hemodynamic parameters. (N.K.)

Assessing Acid-Base Status: Physiologic Versus Physicochemical Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Adrogué, Horacio J; Madias, Nicolaos E

2016-11-01

The physiologic approach has long been used in assessing acid-base status. This approach considers acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as hydrogen ion acceptors and the acid-base status of the organism as reflecting the interaction of net hydrogen ion balance with body buffers. In the physiologic approach, the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer pair is used for assessing acid-base status and blood pH is determined by carbonic acid (ie, Paco 2 ) and serum bicarbonate levels. More recently, the physicochemical approach was introduced, which has gained popularity, particularly among intensivists and anesthesiologists. This approach posits that the acid-base status of body fluids is determined by changes in the dissociation of water that are driven by the interplay of 3 independent variables: the sum of strong (fully dissociated) cation concentrations minus the sum of strong anion concentrations (strong ion difference); the total concentration of weak acids; and Paco 2 . These 3 independent variables mechanistically determine both hydrogen ion concentration and bicarbonate concentration of body fluids, which are considered as dependent variables. Our experience indicates that the average practitioner is familiar with only one of these approaches and knows very little, if any, about the other approach. In the present Acid-Base and Electrolyte Teaching Case, we attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by contrasting the physiologic and physicochemical approaches to assessing acid-base status. We first outline the essential features, advantages, and limitations of each of the 2 approaches and then apply each approach to the same patient presentation. We conclude with our view about the optimal approach. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of thyroid functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussein A. Abo El-Yazed

2013-07-01

Conclusion: Thyroid function tests among COPD patients showed a significant increase of the mean free T3 values and a non significant decrease of the mean free T4 and TSH values compared to the control group. With increasing severity of COPD, the mean free T3 values showed a significant increase. Significant negative correlations were noticed between free T3 levels and both PaO2 and SO2 of the cases. A significant positive correlation was observed between free T3 levels and PaCO2 of the cases. Significant negative correlations were observed between free T3 levels and pulmonary function tests of the cases.

A Quick Reference on Respiratory Acidosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Rebecca A

2017-03-01

Respiratory acidosis, or primary hypercapnia, occurs when carbon dioxide production exceeds elimination via the lung and is mainly owing to alveolar hypoventilation. Concurrent increases in Paco 2 , decreases in pH and compensatory increases in blood HCO 3 - concentration are associated with respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis can be acute or chronic, with initial metabolic compensation to increase HCO 3 - concentrations by intracellular buffering. Chronic respiratory acidosis results in longer lasting increases in renal reabsorption of HCO 3 - . Alveolar hypoventilation and resulting respiratory acidosis may also be associated with hypoxemia, especially evident when patients are inspiring room air (20.9% O 2 ). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hyperandrogenism from an ovarian interstitial-cell tumor in an alpaca.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Rosanne; Kutzler, Michelle; Valentine, Beth A; Semevolos, Stacy

2006-11-01

An 8-year-old intact female Huacaya alpaca (Lama pacos) was presented for recent development of male behavior. Serum testosterone concentration was determined to be 969.1 pg/ml by using radioimmunoassay, while the range in 33 healthy female adult intact alpacas was 11.7-62.1 pg/ml. An ovarian mass was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A tan mass was present on the left ovary. Histologically, the mass was composed of closely packed, plump, polygonal cells with central round nuclei with granular chromatin and abundant eosinophilic finely granular to vesiculate cytoplasm. An ovarian benign interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor was diagnosed.

Sistemática, taxonomía y domesticación de alpacas y llamas: nueva evidencia cromosómica y molecular Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JUAN C MARÍN

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Existen cuatro especies de camélidos sudamericanos, dos de ellos silvestres, guanaco (Lama guanicoe y vicuña (Vicugna vicugna, y dos formas domésticas, alpaca (Lama pacos y llama (Lama glama, cuyo origen ha sido objeto de debate. En el presente estudio la variación en el patrón de bandas G de los cromosomas de llamas y alpacas y la secuencia de dos genes mitocondriales han sido usados para estudiar el origen y la clasificación de llamas y alpacas. Patrones de bandas cromosómicas similares fueron observados en las cuatro especies de Lamini, incluso similares a los descritos para camello, Camelus bactrianus. Sin embargo, se encontraron finas y consistentes diferencias en los brazos cortos del cromosoma 1, permitiendo separar a camellos, guanacos y llamas, de las de vicuñas y alpacas. Este patrón fue consistente incluso en un híbrido guanaco x alpaca. Relaciones equivalentes fueron encontradas en las secuencias completas del gen para citocromo b, así como en el árbol de expansión mínima de las secuencias parciales de la región control, agrupando a guanacos con llamas y a vicuñas con alpacas. Los análisis filogenéticos mostraron a V. vicugna y a L. guanicoe como grupos recíprocamente monofHéticos. El análisis de las secuencias de ambos genes mostró dos ciados entre las vicuñas, concordantes con las subespecies reconocidas para esta especie, pero los resultados obtenidos para guanacos no reflejaron la existencia de las cuatro subespecies previamente propuestas. El análisis combinado de variaciones cromosómicas y moleculares demostraron una alta similitud genética entre alpacas y vicuñas, así como entre llamas y guanacos. Aunque se revela hibridización direccional, nuestros resultados apoyan fuertemente la hipótesis de que la llama se deriva de L. guanicoe, y la alpaca de V. vicugna, apoyando la reclasificación de la alpaca como V. pacosFour camelid species exist in South America: two wild, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe and

B mesons phenomenology and lattice QCD; Phenomenologie des mesons B et chromodynamique quantique sur reseau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blossier, B

2006-06-15

We have studied some phenomenological aspects of the B meson physics by using lattice QCD, which is a non perturbative method (based on the first principles of Quantum Field Theory) of computing Green functions of the theory. Pionic couplings g{sub 1} and g{sub 2}, parameterizing the effective chiral Lagrangian which describes interactions between heavy-light mesons and soft pions, have been computed beyond the quenched approximation (at N{sub f} = 2). We have renormalized the operator q-bar{gamma}{sub {mu}}{gamma}{sup 5}q non perturbatively by using chiral Ward identities. We obtain g{sub 1} = 0.4/0.6 and g{sub 2} = -0.1/-0.3. We have estimated from an un-quenched simulation (at N{sub f} = 2) the strange quark mass: the non perturbative renormalisation scheme RI-MOM has been applied. After the matching in the MS scheme the result is m{sub s}(2 GeV) = 101 {+-} 8(-0,+25) MeV. We have proposed a method to calculate on the lattice the Heavy Quark Effective Theory form factors of the semileptonic transitions B {yields} D{sup **} at zero recoil. The renormalisation constant of the operator h-bar{gamma}{sub i}{gamma}{sup 5}D{sub j}h has been computed at one-loop order of the perturbation theory. We obtain {tau}{sub 1/2}(1) = 0.3/0.5 and {tau}{sub 3/2}(1) 0.5/0.7. Eventually the bag parameter B{sub B{sub s}} associated the B{sub s} - B{sub s}-bar mixing amplitude in the Standard Model has been estimated in the quenched approximation by using for the strange quark an action which verifies the chiral symmetry at finite lattice spacing a. Thus systematic errors are significantly reduced in the renormalisation procedure because the spurious mixing of the four-fermion operator h-bar{gamma}{sub {mu}}{sub L}qh-bar{gamma}{sub {mu}}{sub L}q with four-fermion operators of different chirality is absent. The result is B{sub B{sub s}} = 0.92(3). (author)

[Reseau Migrations et Urbanisation en Afrique de l'Ouest (REMUAO): a long and exacting job].

Science.gov (United States)

Traore, S

1999-12-01

The First Ministerial Conference on Migration and Urbanization in West Africa held in Bamako, Mali, during November 1-5, 1999, marked the end of the first phase of a research program launched in 1993 in Burkina Faso, Ctte d¿Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal, organized under the Western Africa Migration and Urbanization Network (REMUAO). Created in 1989 with the financial support of the Research Center for International Development (CRDI), REMUAO is the result of the will of a number of African researchers and Africanists to provide the subregion with pertinent data on relevant phenomena. REMUAO was established through the combination of the following factors: the rarity of migration and urbanization data while Africa countries are experiencing considerable human migration and rapid urbanization; concern over the multidisciplinary research approach in social sciences, especially in the field of demography; and concern over how to address questions of international migration. Data collection activities began only 5 years after REMUAO was created. The data collection process is described. As REMUAO network coordinator, CERPOD gained valuable experience that will allow the organization to strengthen its role as an implementing agency in the subregion.

New control system: net communications on VAX; Nouveau systeme de controle: communications reseau sur VAX

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

David, L; Maugeais, C

1993-12-31

The control system is made of five different types of processors: a server (VAX 3800), stations (VS4000) as setting interfaces for operators, CAMAC VANTAGE controllers, VME controllers and industrial programmable automates. These automates are treated with the IMAGIN supervision software and with the OSI communication protocol. All the processors are of the VAX family and use DECNET communication protocol on ETHERNET net. (A.B.). 3 figs.

La domestication animale en Amérique du Sud: le point des connaissances

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1990-01-01

Full Text Available Quatre espèces animales, d’importance économique inégale, ont été domestiquées dans les régions andines à l’époque préhistorique: le canard musqué Cairina moschata avant 3000 BP (?, le cobaye Cavia porcellus vers 2500 BP (?, l’alpaca Lama pacos vers 6000 BP et le lama Lama glama entre 5500 et 4000 BP, d’après les données archéologiques et les analyses archéozoologiques les plus récentes. A propos de chacune d’elles sont présentés synthétiquement les gisements-clés et les fouilles effectuées, les méthodes d’analyse archéozoologique mises en oeuvre, les résultats obtenus (modalités et chronologie des processus de domestication. En conclusion sont examinées, à propos des camélidés, les causes possibles de leur domestication et quelques-unes de ses conséquences socio-économiques les plus importantes. La domesticación animal en América del Sur. Balance de los conocimientos. Cuatro especies animales, de importancia económica desigual, han sido domesticadas en las regiones andinas durante la época prehistórica: el pato joque Cairana moschata antes de 3000 BP (?, el cuy Cavia porcellus hacia 2500 BP (?, la alpaca Lama pacos hacia 6000 BP y la llama Lama glama entre 5500 y 4000 BP, según los datos arqueológicos y los análisis arqueozoológicos más recientes. A propósito de cada especie, presentamos sintéticamente los yacimientos claves y las excavaciones efectuadas, los métodos de análisis arqueozoológico utilizados y los resultados obtenidos (modalidades y cronología de los procesos de domesticación. En conclusión y a proposito de los camélidos, se examina las causas posibles de su domesticación y algunas de sus consecuencias socioeconómicas más importantes. The animal domestication in South America. The state of knowledge. Four animal species, of unequal economic importance, have been domesticated in the Andean region during prehistoric times. Muscovy duck Cairina moschata before 3000 BP

Des proprietes de l'etat normal du modele de Hubbard bidimensionnel

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Lemay, Francois

Depuis leur decouverte, les etudes experimentales ont demontre que les supra-conducteurs a haute temperature ont une phase normale tres etrange. Les proprietes de ces materiaux ne sont pas bien decrites par la theorie du liquide de Fermi. Le modele de Hubbard bidimensionnel, bien qu'il ne soit pas encore resolu, est toujours considere comme un candidat pour expliquer la physique de ces composes. Dans cet ouvrage, nous mettons en evidence plusieurs proprietes electroniques du modele qui sont incompatibles avec l'existence de quasi-particules. Nous montrons notamment que la susceptibilite des electrons libres sur reseau contient des singularites logarithmiques qui influencent de facon determinante les proprietes de la self-energie a basse frequence. Ces singularites sont responsables de la destruction des quasi-particules. En l'absence de fluctuations antiferromagnetiques, elles sont aussi responsables de l'existence d'un petit pseudogap dans le poids spectral au niveau de Fermi. Les proprietes du modele sont egalement etudiees pour une surface de Fermi similaire a celle des supraconducteurs a haute temperature. Un parallele est etabli entre certaines caracteristiques du modele et celles de ces materiaux.

Contribution to the Study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Ferromagnets; Contribution a l'etude de la resonance nucleaire dans les corps ferromagnetiques

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Robert, C. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1962-07-01

Properties of nuclear magnetic resonance in the field acting on the nucleus in a ferromagnet were studied. Nuclei were {sup 57}Fe in iron and yttrium iron garnet. Static properties of resonance (frequency, line-width, dipolar structure) were investigated and compared with magnetic behavior and magnetic structure of the materials. Relaxation in garnet points out importance of long range fluctuations induced by impurities in a ferromagnetic lattice. (author) [French] Nous avons etudie les proprietes de la resonance nucleaire dans le champ existant a remplacement d'un noyau dans un corps ferromagnetique (champ local). Les noyaux etaient ceux de {sup 57}Fe dans le fer et dans le grenat d'yttrium et de fer. Les proprietes statiques de la resonance (frequence de resonance, largeur de la raie, structures dues a l'interaction dipolaire) ont ete etudiees et reliees aux caracteristiques magnetiques et a la structure de ces corps. La relaxation dans le grenat a mis en evidence les fluctuations a longue distance induites par des impuretes dans un reseau ferromagnetique. (auteur)

Contribution to the Study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Ferromagnets; Contribution a l'etude de la resonance nucleaire dans les corps ferromagnetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robert, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1962-07-01

Properties of nuclear magnetic resonance in the field acting on the nucleus in a ferromagnet were studied. Nuclei were {sup 57}Fe in iron and yttrium iron garnet. Static properties of resonance (frequency, line-width, dipolar structure) were investigated and compared with magnetic behavior and magnetic structure of the materials. Relaxation in garnet points out importance of long range fluctuations induced by impurities in a ferromagnetic lattice. (author) [French] Nous avons etudie les proprietes de la resonance nucleaire dans le champ existant a remplacement d'un noyau dans un corps ferromagnetique (champ local). Les noyaux etaient ceux de {sup 57}Fe dans le fer et dans le grenat d'yttrium et de fer. Les proprietes statiques de la resonance (frequence de resonance, largeur de la raie, structures dues a l'interaction dipolaire) ont ete etudiees et reliees aux caracteristiques magnetiques et a la structure de ces corps. La relaxation dans le grenat a mis en evidence les fluctuations a longue distance induites par des impuretes dans un reseau ferromagnetique. (auteur)

ERDF at the heart of the debate on energy transition in Brittany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corolleur, Antoine; Le Menn, Alain; Lucas, Jean

2013-06-01

ERDF (Electricite Reseau Distribution France - now Enedis), one of the French power distribution utilities, is particularly concerned by the French energy transition policy towards a sustainable development and a 'green growth'. Its main issues, as seen with the example of the Brittany region, are to be able to better integrate the various renewable energies (some of them - wind and solar power - being intermittent and not programmable) into the national electric power network, to better manage the power peak by developing and modernizing the network, and to guarantee the public service missions of power distribution for all and on the whole territory. Various aspects are addressed, such as the industrial and economical stakes, the issue of power storage, the development strategy for electric vehicles, for energy conservation and energy efficiency policies, for renewable energy sources (notably sea- and agriculture-related energies in Brittany), costs and financing levers for the energy transition policy, the electric power pricing regulations, the integration of renewable electric power into the grid, etc

The French Accelerometer Network (RAP): Current state in 2007

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gueguen, P.; Bard, P.-Y.; Pequegnat, C.; Souriau, A.; Dominique, P.; Regnier, M.

2007-01-01

France is a country of moderate seismicity but, due to dense urbanized and industrial areas, the seismic risk is significant. Furthermore, recent developments in numerical and semi-empirical methods requires a good knowledge of several parameters. The mission of the French accelerometer network programme (RAP-Reseau Accelerometrique Permanent) is to expand and modernize significantly the acquisition and application of French accelerometer data (both strong and weak motion) in order to improve earthquake related research and public safety from earthquakes. This network is the result of co-operative efforts including academic institutions (INSU-CNRS, Universities of Grenoble, Nice, Strasbourg, Toulouse, IPG Paris) and several state agencies (BRGM, CEA, IRSN, LCPC). Since 1995, around 120 stations have been installed in some seismic areas of France. This network also includes specific research actions (site effects, building monitoring, deep borehole). Other French accelerometer stations devoted to strong motion recording are also associated to the network. All data are archived and freely distributed in a database center, data being available in SAC, ASCII and SEED format. (authors)

Expression and localization of nerve growth factor (NGF in the testis of alpaca (llama pacos

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Haidong Wang

2011-04-01

Full Text Available During alpaca testis development and spermatogenesis, nerve growth factor (NGF may play an importantrole. The main aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of NGF in the alpacatestis, and to discuss the important role of NGF in alpaca reproductive characteristics. Immunohistochemicalstaining technique and real-time PCR were used. The expression of NGF in the same cells one-month old(newborn alpacas 12-month, and 24-month old alpacas showed significant differences (p 0.05; NGF at different cell stages showed nosignificant differences (p > 0.05. It suggests that NGF may be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis,which provides direct evidence for NGF action in the alpaca testis during postnatal development and spermatogenesis.

Volatile fatty acid profile for grass hay or alfalfa hay fed to alpacas (Vicugna pacos).

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Oldham, C L; Robinson, T F; Hunter, Z R; Taylor, L; White, J; Johnston, N P

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal composition and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and to determine VFA composition and concentration differences between stomach compartment 1 (C1) and caecum of alpacas fed grass and alfalfa hay. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment 1 (EXP 1), 10 male alpacas (3+ years old, 65 kg BW) were divided into two groups, housed in drylot pens, provided ad libitum water and fed alfalfa (AH) or grass hay (GH) for 30 days. The alpacas were slaughtered and the digestive tract collected, divided into sub-tract sections, weighed and digesta sampled for pH, dry matter (DM) and NDF. Volatile fatty acid composition and concentration were determined on C1 and caecal material. Four adult male (3+ years old, 60 kg BW), C1 fistulated alpacas were housed in metabolism crates and divided into two forage groups for Experiment 2 (EXP 2). Alpacas were fed the forages as in EXP 1. Diurnal C1 VFA samples were drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post-feeding. There were no differences between forages for tract weight, C1 and caecum digesta DM or NDF. Differences were noted (p alpacas and the diurnal VFA patterns. Composition of VFA is similar to other ruminant species. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

[Nocturnal hypoxemia and arrhythmia in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD)].

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Skwarski, K

1989-05-01

A decrease in the arterial blood saturation by oxygen in patients with POChP is a frequent phenomenon. It is more serious in patients type blue boaters and less frequent among patients type pink puffers. The aim of the paper was to compare the arterial blood saturation by oxygen in the groups examined during two nights: during the first night the patients breathed atmospheric air whereas during the second night they were given oxygen. The author also studied the influence of oxygenation of an organism on the frequency of cardiac rhythm disorders (ZRS). The author examined a group of 20 patients with the predominance of chronic bronchitis--blue boaters (average VC was 1.95 l, FEV1--0.81 l, PaO2 while breathing atmospheric air 52 mm Hg and 68 mm Hg after giving oxygen, PaCO2 47 and 51 mm Hg respectively) and 20 patients with the predominance of emphysema--pink puffers (average VC--2.30 l, FEV1--0.86 l, PaO2 while breathing atmospheric air 60 mm Hg and 70 mm Hg after giving oxygen, PaCO2 39 and 40 mm respectively). It was found that the patients with heavy hypoxaemia and hypercapnia had worse arterial blood saturation by oxygen during the two nights of investigation in comparison with the other group. The author also found more frequent cardiac rhythm disorders in this group of patients. Giving oxygen improved blood oxygenation in the two groups and lowered the frequency of cardiac rhythm disorders. The results obtained indicate to the need of oxygen therapy in patients with advanced POChP, especially during the night so as to avoid nocturnal hypoxaemia of an organism.

[Experimental branch vein occlusion: the effect of carbogen breathing on preretinal PO2].

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Pournaras, J-A C; Poitry, S; Munoz, J-L; Pournaras, C J

2003-10-01

To evaluate the variations in preretinal PO2 in normal and in ischemic postexperimental branch vein occlusion (BRVO) retinal areas during normoxia, hyperoxia (100% O2) and carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) breathing. Preretinal PO2 measurements were obtained in intervascular retinal areas far from the retinal vessels of 13 anesthetized miniature pigs with oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes (10 microm tip diameter) introduced through the vitreous cavity by a micromanipulator. The microelectrode tip was placed at 50 microm from the vitreoretinal interface in the preretinal vitreous. PO2 was measured continuously for 10 minutes in systemic normoxia, hyperoxia (100% O2 breathing) and carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) breathing. A BRVO was induced with an argon green laser, and oxygen measurements were repeated in normoxia, hyperoxia and carbogen breathing. In hyperoxia, preretinal PO2 remained almost constant in both normal retinas (DeltaPO2=1.33 mmHg +/- 3.39; n=13) and ischemic retinas (DeltaPO2=3.73 mmHg +/- 2.84; n=8), although systemic PaO2 significantly increased. Carbogen breathing induced a significant increase in systemic PaO2 and PaCO2. Furthermore, it significantly increased preretinal PO2: DeltaPO2=23.05 mmHg +/- 17.06 (n=12) in normal retinas, and DeltaPO2=22.54 mmHg +/- 5.96 (n=6) in ischemic retinal areas. Systemic hyperoxia does not increase preretinal PO2 significantly in normal and ischemic post-BRVO retinal areas of miniature pigs, as hyperoxia induces a decrease in the retinal blood flow. Carbogen breathing significantly increases preretinal PO2 in normal and in ischemic post-BRVO retinal areas. This effect is probably due to the vasodilatation of the retinal arterioles induced by the intravascular PaCO2 increase.

Utilization of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve results in protective conventional ventilation comparable to high frequency oscillatory ventilation in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Felipe S. Rossi

2008-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Studies comparing high frequency oscillatory and conventional ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome have used low values of positive end-expiratory pressure and identified a need for better recruitment and pulmonary stability with high frequency. OBJECTIVE: To compare conventional and high frequency ventilation using the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve as the determinant of positive end-expiratory pressure to obtain similar levels of recruitment and alveolar stability. METHODS: After lung lavage of adult rabbits and lower inflection point determination, two groups were randomized: conventional (positive end-expiratory pressure = lower inflection point; tidal volume=6 ml/kg and high frequency ventilation (mean airway pressures= lower inflection point +4 cmH2O. Blood gas and hemodynamic data were recorded over 4 h. After sacrifice, protein analysis from lung lavage and histologic evaluation were performed. RESULTS: The oxygenation parameters, protein and histological data were similar, except for the fact that significantly more normal alveoli were observed upon protective ventilation. High frequency ventilation led to lower PaCO2 levels. DISCUSSION: Determination of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve is important for setting the minimum end expiratory pressure needed to keep the airways opened. This is useful when comparing different strategies to treat severe respiratory insufficiency, optimizing conventional ventilation, improving oxygenation and reducing lung injury. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve in the ventilation strategies considered in this study resulted in comparable efficacy with regards to oxygenation and hemodynamics, a high PaCO2 level and a lower pH. In addition, a greater number of normal alveoli were found after protective conventional ventilation in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

A comparison of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and pressure-regulated volume control ventilation in elderly patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and respiratory failure.

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Chang, Suchi; Shi, Jindong; Fu, Cuiping; Wu, Xu; Li, Shanqun

2016-01-01

COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Acute exacerbations of COPD may cause respiratory failure, requiring intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation. Intensive care unit patients with acute exacerbations of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation have higher mortality rates than other hospitalized patients. Although mechanical ventilation is the most effective intervention for these conditions, invasive ventilation techniques have yielded variable effects. We evaluated pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) ventilation treatment efficacy and preventive effects on pulmonary barotrauma in elderly COPD patients with respiratory failure. Thirty-nine intubated patients were divided into experimental and control groups and treated with the PRVC and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - volume control methods, respectively. Vital signs, respiratory mechanics, and arterial blood gas analyses were monitored for 2-4 hours and 48 hours. Both groups showed rapidly improved pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and PaO2 per fraction of inspired O2 levels and lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels. The pH and PaCO2 levels at 2-4 hours were lower and higher, respectively, in the test group than those in the control group (P0.05). Vital signs during 2-4 hours and 48 hours of treatment showed no statistical difference in either group (P>0.05). The level of peak inspiratory pressure in the experimental group after mechanical ventilation for 2-4 hours and 48 hours was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). Among elderly COPD patients with respiratory failure, application of PRVC resulted in rapid improvement in arterial blood gas analyses while maintaining a low peak inspiratory pressure. PRVC can reduce pulmonary barotrauma risk, making it a safer protective ventilation mode than synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - volume control.

Marked hypercapnia during cardiopulmonary bypass for myocardial revascularization. Case report.

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Nascimento, Maurício Serrano; Bernardes, Cassiano Franco; de Medeiros, Roberta Louro

2002-04-01

Bypassing heart blood and returning it oxygenated to systemic circulation is achieved at the expenses of major cardiopulmonary physiologic changes. The aim of this report was to present an anesthetic complication during CPB and to warn for the need of interaction of the whole anesthetic-surgical team to prevent adverse perioperative events. A brown female patient, 56 years old, 95 kg, height 1.65 m, physical status ASA IV, with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis was admitted for myocardial revascularization. Monitoring consisted of ECG, invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, capnography, esophageal temperature, central venous pressure and anesthetic gases analysis. Patient was premedicated with intravenous midazolam (0.05 mg kg(-1)). Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (16 microg kg(-1)), etomidate (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and pancuronium (0.1 mg kg(-1)), and was maintained with O2, isoflurane (0.5 - 1 MAC) and fentanyl continuous infusion. Blood gas analysis after induction has shown: pH: 7.41; PaO2: 288 mmHg; PaCO2: 38 mmHg; HCO3: 24 mmol L(-1); BE: 0 mmol L(-1); SatO2 100%. A second blood gases analysis, sampled soon after CPB, returned in 30 minutes, showing: pH 7.15; PaO2: 86 mmHg; PaCO2 224 mmHg; HCO3: 29 mmol L(-1); BE: -3 mmol L(-1); SatO2 99%. Thorough and urgent checking of anesthetic and perfusion equipment was performed and revealed that the gas blender was connected to the O2 line and to a CO2 cylinder, when it should be connected to the compressed air cylinder. Bypass circuit mechanical problems may occur in the intraoperative period, and demand prompt repairs. Technological advances in anesthesia equipment, monitoring and safety standards will lessen the possibility of cases such as this to be repeated, but will never replace anesthesiologists surveillance.

Effect of changes in PCO2 and body positions on intraocular pressure during general anaesthesia.

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Hvidberg, A; Kessing, S V; Fernandes, A

1981-08-01

Elevated arterial carbon dioxide tension, induced by the administration of CO2 via the respiratory air or by hypoventilation, entailed a gradual increase in the IOP in patients without eye diseases under general anaesthesia. A sudden cessation of CO2 administration or hyperventilation caused such a rapid, simultaneous fall in IOP to values below the initial level that the pressure variations must be of vascular nature, presumably related to changes in choroidal blood volume. The above-mentioned procedures always cause a change in the central venous pressure (CVP) simultaneously with the IOP changes. Alterations of the CVP induced by hydrostatic factors in postural changes, placing the head 15 degrees above or below the horizontal level while keeping the PaCO2 constant, caused IOP changes of the same configuration and magnitude as described above. It is concluded, therefore, that presumably the CO2-conditioned IOP changes are due predominantly to changes in central venous pressure, being one link in a CO2-conditioned action upon the general circulation, entailing passive secondary changes in the choroidal venous blood volume and thereby an influence upon the IOP. On the basis of the present results it appears rational to recommend hyperventilation to keep the PaCO2 between 25 and 30 mm and a 15 degree anti-Trendelenburg position in operations on the eye under general anaesthesia, since both procedures afford a low central venous pressure and consequently a low pressure in the posterior segment of the eye, with its attendant advantages as regards vitreous complications and the insertion of intraocular lenses. Owing to the risk of an unacceptable fall in BP in the combined procedure, a frequent checking of the BP is needed.

Efficacy of budesonide in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Xue-Dong Chen

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of budesonide in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD. Methods: A total of 60 patients with moderate and severe AECOPD who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2015 to January, 2016 were included in the study and randomized into the experiment group and the control group. The patients in the two groups were given oxygen inhalation, anti-infection, phlegm dispersing, ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg/time, and aerosol liquid of salbutamol sulfate (2.5 mg/time, 3 times/d, 20 min/time, aerosol inhalation. The patients in the experiment group were given budesonide (2 mg/time, while the patients in the control group were given budesonide (1 mg/time, every 8 h for one aerosol inhalation. The patients in the two groups were continuously treated for 7 d. The changes of PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC before and after treatment were detected, and the efficacy was evaluated. Results: After treatment, PaO2 and PaCO2 in the two groups were significantly improved when compared with before treatment, and the improved degree in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group. After treatment, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the two groups were significantly improved when compared with before treatment, and the improved degree in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group. The total effective rate in the observation group (93.33% was significantly higher than that in the control group (76.67%. Conclusions: Aerosol inhalation of budesonide in the treatment of AECOPD in a large dose for a short term can significantly improve the blood gas and pulmonary function.

Cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity in transient ischemic attacks: comparison between TIAs due to the ICA occlusion and ICA mild stenosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuda, Y.; Kimura, K.; Yoneda, S.; Etani, H.; Asai, T.; Nakamura, M.; Abe, H.

1983-01-01

Hemispheric mean cerebral blood flow (CBF), together with its CO2 reactivity in response to hyperventilation, was investigated in 18 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) by intraarterial 133Xe injection method in a subacute-chronic stage of the clinical course. In 8 patients, the lesion responsible for symptoms was regarded as unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, and in 10 patients, it was regarded as unilateral ICA mild stenosis (less than 50% stenosis in diameter). Resting flow values were significantly decreased in the affected hemisphere of TIA due to the ICA occlusion as compared with the unaffected hemisphere of the same patient, regarded as the relative control. It was not decreased in the affected hemisphere of TIA due to the ICA mild stenosis as compared with the control. With respect to the responsiveness of CBF to changes in PaCO2, it was preserved in both TIAs, due to the ICA occlusion and ICA mild stenosis. Vasoparalysis was not observed in either types of TIAs in the subacute-chronic stage. However, in the relationship of blood pressure and CO2 reactivity, expressed as delta CBF(%)/delta PaCO2, pressure-dependent CO2 reactivity as a group was observed with significance in 8 cases of TIA due to the ICA occlusion, while no such relationship was noted in 10 cases of TIA due to the ICA mild stenosis. Moreover, clinical features were different between TIAs due to the ICA occlusion and ICA mild stenosis, i.e., more typical, repeatable TIA (6.3 +/- 3.7 times) with shorter duration (less than 30 minutes) was observed in TIAs due to the ICA mild stenosis, while more prolonged, less repeatable TIA (2.4 +/- 1.4 times) was observed in TIAs due to fixed obstruction of the ICA. From these observations, two different possible mechanisms as to the pathogenesis of TIA might be expected

Selected cardiopulmonary values and baroreceptor reflex in conscious green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

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Hernandez, Sonia M; Schumacher, Juergen; Lewis, Stephen J; Odoi, Agricola; Divers, Stephen J

2011-11-01

To determine selected cardiopulmonary values and baroreceptor response in conscious green iguanas (Iguana iguana) and to evaluate the use of blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry in this species. 15 healthy juvenile green iguanas. Baseline cardiopulmonary values were determined in 15 conscious iguanas breathing room air. Effects of 100% O(2) inspiration were also measured (n = 6), and the baroreceptor reflex was characterized by exponential sigmoidal curve fitting analysis. Conscious iguanas had a mean ± SD resting heart rate of 52 ± 8 beats/min, respiratory rate of 28 ± 6 breaths/min, and systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures of 69 ± 10 mm Hg, 62 ± 12 mm Hg, and 56 ± 13 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pH at 37°C was 7.29 ± 0.11, PaO(2) was 81 ± 10 mm Hg, and PaCO(2) was 42 ± 9 mm Hg; corrected for a body temperature of 30°C, mean arterial pH at 37°C was 7.382 ±0.12, PaO(2) was 54 ± 15 mm Hg, and PaCO(2) was 32 ± 7 mm Hg. Inspiration of 100% O(2) did not change heart and respiratory rates but increased PaO(2) to 486 ± 105 mm Hg (corrected value, 437 ± 96 mm Hg). A baroreceptor reflex was evident, with mean heart rates ranging from 30 ± 3 beats/min to 63 ± 5 beats/min and mean arterial blood pressures ranging from 42 ± 3 mm Hg to 58 ± 3 mm Hg. This study provided needed information on cardiopulmonary values in healthy green iguanas, the application and limitation of arterial and venous blood gas analysis, and the accuracy of pulse oximetry.

Prevention of hypothermia in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation using the humigard® open surgery humidification system: a prospective randomized pilot and feasibility clinical trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Weinberg, Laurence; Huang, Andrew; Alban, Daniel; Jones, Robert; Story, David; McNicol, Larry; Pearce, Brett

2017-01-23

Perioperative thermal disturbances during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are common. We hypothesized that in patients undergoing OLT the use of a humidified high flow CO 2 warming system maintains higher intraoperative temperatures when compared to standardized multimodal strategies to maintain thermoregulatory homeostasis. We performed a randomized pilot study in adult patients undergoing primary OLT. Participants were randomized to receive either open wound humidification with a high flow CO 2 warming system in addition to standard care (Humidification group) or to standard care alone (Control group). The primary end point was nasopharyngeal core temperature measured 5 min immediately prior to reperfusion of the donor liver (Stage 3 - 5 min). Secondary endpoints included intraoperative PaCO 2 , minute ventilation and the use of vasoconstrictors. Eleven patients were randomized to each group. Both groups were similar for age, body mass index, MELD, SOFA and APACHE II scores, baseline temperature, and duration of surgery. Immediately prior to reperfusion (Stage 3 - 5 min) the mean (SD) core temperature was higher in the Humidification Group compared to the Control Group: 36.0 °C (0.13) vs. 35.4 °C (0.22), p = 0.028. Repeated measured ANOVA showed that core temperatures over time during the stages of the transplant were higher in the Humidification Group compared to the Control Group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the ETCO 2 , PaCO 2 , minute ventilation, or inotropic support. The humidified high flow CO 2 warming system was superior to standardized multimodal strategies in maintaining normothermia in patients undergoing OLT. Use of the device was feasible and did not interfere with any aspects of surgery. A larger study is needed to investigate if the improved thermoregulation observed is associated with improved patient outcomes. ACTRN12616001631493 . Retrospectively registered 25 November 2016.

Effects of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on the distribution of cyanide into the rat brain.

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Djerad, A; Monier, C; Houzé, P; Borron, S W; Lefauconnier, J M; Baud, F J

2001-06-01

The aim of this study was to determine whether respiratory acidosis favors the cerebral distribution of cyanide, and conversely, if respiratory alkalosis limits its distribution. The pharmacokinetics of a nontoxic dose of cyanide were first studied in a group of 7 rats in order to determine the distribution phase. The pharmacokinetics were found to best fit a 3-compartment model with very rapid distribution (whole blood T(1/2)alpha = 21.6 +/- 3.3 s). Then the effects of the modulation of arterial pH on the distribution of a nontoxic dose of intravenously administered cyanide into the brains of rats were studied by means of the determination of the permeability-area product (PA). The modulation of arterial blood pH was performed by variation of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in 3 groups of 8 anesthetized mechanically ventilated rats. The mean arterial pH measured 20 min after the start of mechanical ventilation in the acidotic, physiologic, and alkalotic groups were 7.07 +/- 0.03, 7.41 +/- 0.01, and 7.58 +/- 0.01, respectively. The mean PAs in the acidotic, physiologic, and alkalotic groups, determined 30 s after the intravenous administration of cyanide, were 0.015 +/- 0.002, 0.011 +/- 0.001, and 0.008 +/- 0.001 s(-1), respectively (one-way ANOVA; p < 0.0087). At alkalotic pH the mean permeability-area product was 43% of that measured at acidotic pH. This effect of pH on the rapidity of cyanide distribution does not appear to be limited to specific areas of the brain. We conclude that modulation of arterial pH by altering PaCO2 may induce significant effects on the brain uptake of cyanide.

Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated by Noninvasive Mechanic Ventilation

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Zekeriya Küçükdurmaz

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Aims: This study aimed to investigate heart rate variability (HRV of patients with severe COPD who are treated by noninvasive mechanic ventilation (NIMV.Patients and Method: Twenty-seven patient (58±8 years, 9 F with severe COPD treated by nocturnal NIMV at home and 23 sex and age matched volunteers (56±8 years, 11 F who has not dyspnea as a control group recruited in the study. Subjects underwent spirometry, blood gas analysis, transthoracic echocardiography, 24 hours ambulatory ECG analysis. Time domain HRV analysis performed from ambulatory ECG records. Results: 52% of patients at NYHA functional class II, 36% at class III, and 12% at class IV when they have been treated by NIMV. Groups were similar for age and sex (p>0.05 for both. Heart rates of patients were higher significantly than controls’ (p0.05. But, systolic pulmonary pressures were higher of COPD group (p<0.01. 24 hours heart rate was higher, and standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN 24 hours, SDNN night, SDNN day, SDNN index (SDNNI and standard deviation of mean R-R intervals (SDANNI values were lower in COPD group significantly. SDNN was inversely correlated with duration of daily NIMV usage, intensive care unit administration and entubation rate and PaCO2. SDNNI was inversely correlated with functional class, duration of daily NIMV usage, intensive care unit administration rate and PaCO2. Else, SDNNI was correlated with predicted forced vital capacity % (FVC% and predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 second % (FEV1%.Conclusion: Time domain HRV decreases in patients with severe COPD. Decrease is correlated with severity of disease, and it presents in despite of the chronic nocturnal NIMV application. These patients have high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and should be monitored and manegement for cardiovascular events.

Constant-flow ventilation in canine experimental pulmonary emphysema.

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Hachenberg, T; Wendt, M; Meyer, J; Struckmeier, O; Lawin, P

1989-07-01

The efficacy of constant-flow ventilation (CFV) was investigated in eight mongrel dogs before (control-phase) and after development of papain-induced panlobular emphysema (PLE-phase). For CFV, heated, humidified and oxygen-enriched air was continuously delivered via two catheters positioned within each mainstem bronchus at flow rates (V) of 0.33, 0.5 and 0.66 l/s. Data obtained during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) served as reference. In the control-phase, Pao2 was lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) and alveolo-arterial O2 difference (P(A-a)O2) was higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) during CFV at all flow rates when compared with IPPV. This may be due to inhomogeneities of intrapulmonary gas distribution and increased ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatching. Paco2 and V showed a hyperbolic relationship; constant normocapnia (5.3 kPa) was achieved at 0.48 +/- 0.21 l/s (V53). Development of PLE resulted in an increase of functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV) and static compliance (Cstat) (P less than or equal to 0.05). PaO2 had decreased and P(A-a)O2 had increased (P less than or equal to 0.05), indicating moderate pulmonary dysfunction. Oxygenation during CFV was not significantly different in the PLE-phase when compared with the control-phase. Paco2 and V showed a hyperbolic relationship and V5.3 was even lower than in the control-group (0.42 +/- 0.13 l/s). In dogs with emphysematous lungs CFV maintains sufficient gas exchange. This may be due to preferential ventilation of basal lung units, thereby counterbalancing the effects of impaired lung morphometry and increased airtrapping. Conventional mechanical ventilation is more effective in terms of oxygenation and CO2-elimination.

Effect of sedation with detomidine and butorphanol on pulmonary gas exchange in the horse.

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Nyman, Görel; Marntell, Stina; Edner, Anna; Funkquist, Pia; Morgan, Karin; Hedenstierna, Göran

2009-05-07

Sedation with alpha2-agonists in the horse is reported to be accompanied by impairment of arterial oxygenation. The present study was undertaken to investigate pulmonary gas exchange using the Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET), during sedation with the alpha2-agonist detomidine alone and in combination with the opioid butorphanol. Seven Standardbred trotter horses aged 3-7 years and weighing 380-520 kg, were studied. The protocol consisted of three consecutive measurements; in the unsedated horse, after intravenous administration of detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) and after subsequent butorphanol administration (0.025 mg/kg). Pulmonary function and haemodynamic effects were investigated. The distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q) was estimated with MIGET. During detomidine sedation, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased (12.8 +/- 0.7 to 10.8 +/- 1.2 kPa) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) increased (5.9 +/- 0.3 to 6.1 +/- 0.2 kPa) compared to measurements in the unsedated horse. Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion in the lungs was evident, but no increase in intrapulmonary shunt could be detected. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation did not change. Heart rate and cardiac output decreased, while pulmonary and systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance increased. Addition of butorphanol resulted in a significant decrease in ventilation and increase in PaCO2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen content difference P(A-a)O2 remained impaired after butorphanol administration, the VA/Q distribution improved as the decreased ventilation and persistent low blood flow was well matched. Also after subsequent butorphanol no increase in intrapulmonary shunt was evident. The results of the present study suggest that both pulmonary and cardiovascular factors contribute to the impaired pulmonary gas exchange during detomidine and butorphanol sedation in the horse.

Effect of sedation with detomidine and butorphanol on pulmonary gas exchange in the horse

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Morgan Karin

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Sedation with α2-agonists in the horse is reported to be accompanied by impairment of arterial oxygenation. The present study was undertaken to investigate pulmonary gas exchange using the Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET, during sedation with the α2-agonist detomidine alone and in combination with the opioid butorphanol. Methods Seven Standardbred trotter horses aged 3–7 years and weighing 380–520 kg, were studied. The protocol consisted of three consecutive measurements; in the unsedated horse, after intravenous administration of detomidine (0.02 mg/kg and after subsequent butorphanol administration (0.025 mg/kg. Pulmonary function and haemodynamic effects were investigated. The distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q was estimated with MIGET. Results During detomidine sedation, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 decreased (12.8 ± 0.7 to 10.8 ± 1.2 kPa and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2 increased (5.9 ± 0.3 to 6.1 ± 0.2 kPa compared to measurements in the unsedated horse. Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion in the lungs was evident, but no increase in intrapulmonary shunt could be detected. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation did not change. Heart rate and cardiac output decreased, while pulmonary and systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance increased. Addition of butorphanol resulted in a significant decrease in ventilation and increase in PaCO2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen content difference P(A-aO2 remained impaired after butorphanol administration, the VA/Q distribution improved as the decreased ventilation and persistent low blood flow was well matched. Also after subsequent butorphanol no increase in intrapulmonary shunt was evident. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that both pulmonary and cardiovascular factors contribute to the impaired pulmonary gas exchange during detomidine and butorphanol sedation in the horse.

Comparison and Evaluation of the Effects of Administration of Postoperative Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Methods (CPAP and BIPAP) on Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Exchange in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery.

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Yağlıoğlu, Hatice; Köksal, Güniz Meyancı; Erbabacan, Emre; Ekici, Birsel

2015-08-01

The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of two different methods of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) and oxygen support under spontaneous ventilation on respiration mechanics, gas exchange, dry mouth and face mask lesion during an early postoperative period in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Eighty patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy, between the age of 25 and 75 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score (ASA) II-III with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis were included to the study. Subjects were randomly allocated in to four groups. During the first postoperative hour, the first group received BIPAP, second group received high-flow CPAP, third group received low-flow CPAP and fourth group received deep breathing exercises, respiratory physiotherapy and O2 therapy. Preoperative, postoperative before and after treatment PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR) levels were recorded. Subjects with dry mouth or face mask lesion were recorded. In all groups, PaO2 and TV measurements were higher at the postoperative first hour than the postoperative zero hour. We found that low-flow CPAP increased PaO2 and SpO2 values more, and TV levels were higher in the postoperative period than the preoperative period. PaCO2 levels were elevated at the zero hour postoperatively and at the end of the first hour; they decreased approximately to preoperative values, except in the fourth group. Administration of prophylactic respiratory support can prevent the deterioration of pulmonary functions and hypoxia in patients with COPD undergoing upper abdominal surgery. In addition, we found that low-flow CPAP had better effects on PaO2, SpO2, TV compared to other techniques.

Circulatory, respiratory and metabolic responses in Thoroughbred horses during the first 400 meters of exercise.

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Littlejohn, A; Snow, D H

1988-01-01

These studies investigated circulatory, respiratory and metabolic responses in four Thoroughbred geldings during the first 400 metres of galloping (mean speed 14.4 +/- 0.38 m.s-1), cantering (mean speed 10.0 +/- 0.61 m.s-1) and walking (mean speed 1.58 +/- 0.05 m.s-1) from a standing start. A radio-controlled device which collected blood samples anaerobically during each 100 m section of the exercise track allowed analyses of changes in and functional relationships of the variables measured. During the 400 m gallop, the mean heart rate (HR) increased from 125 to 201 beats.min-1 and the haematocrit (Hct) from 0.513 to 0.589 l/l-1. The haemoglobin [Hb], lactate [LA] and potassium [K+] concentrations increased significantly, while the pH and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) decreased significantly. The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the plasma bicarbonate concentration did not change significantly. There were significant correlations between HR and Hct, HR and [Hb], HR and PaO2, HR and pH, HR and PvCO2, HR and [LA], HR and [K+], pH and [K+], Hct and PaO2, [Hb] and PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2, [LA] and PaO2, pH and PaO2, [K+] and PaO2, stride frequency and PaO2. With the exception of the PvCO2 which increased significantly, changes in venous blood during the gallop were in the same direction as those of arterial blood. Thirty seconds before the start of the gallop, both HR and [Hb] were significantly higher than at rest, providing an approximate three-fold increase in oxygen delivery compared to that of the resting state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

High altitude pulmonary edema and exercise at 4,400 meters on Mount McKinley. Effect of expiratory positive airway pressure.

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Schoene, R B; Roach, R C; Hackett, P H; Harrison, G; Mills, W J

1985-03-01

Breathing against positive expiratory pressure has been used to improve gas exchange in many forms of pulmonary edema, and forced expiration against resistance during exercise has been advocated for climbing at high altitude as a method to optimize performance. To evaluate the effect of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on climbers with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and on exercise at high altitude, we studied four climbers with HAPE at rest and 13 healthy climbers during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 4400 m. We measured minute ventilation (VI, L/min), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 percent), end-tidal carbon dioxide (PACO2, mm Hg), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) during the last minute of a five minute interval at rest in the climbers with HAPE, and at rest, 300, and 600 kpm/minute workloads on a bicycle ergometer in the healthy subjects. The HAPE subjects demonstrated an increased SaO2 percent, no change in HR or VI, and a decrease in RR on EPAP as compared to control. In normal subjects, SaO2 percent, VI, and heart rate were significantly higher on EPAP 10 cm H2O than 0 cm H2O control (p less than 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The RR and PaCO2 were not significantly different. In summary, EPAP improves gas exchange in HAPE subjects at rest. The EPAP in normal subjects at high altitude resulted in a higher SaO2 percent at the expense of a higher VI and higher HR. These results suggest that the work of breathing is higher and the stroke volume lower on EPAP. The positive pressure mask may be an effective temporizing measure for victims of HAPE who cannot immediately go to a lower altitude.

Inhibition of breathing after surfactant depletion is achieved at a higher arterial PCO2 during ventilation with liquid than with gas

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Sindelar Richard

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Inhibition of phrenic nerve activity (PNA can be achieved when alveolar ventilation is adequate and when stretching of lung tissue stimulates mechanoreceptors to inhibit inspiratory activity. During mechanical ventilation under different lung conditions, inhibition of PNA can provide a physiological setting at which ventilatory parameters can be compared and related to arterial blood gases and pH. Objective To study lung mechanics and gas exchange at inhibition of PNA during controlled gas ventilation (GV and during partial liquid ventilation (PLV before and after lung lavage. Methods Nine anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated young cats (age 3.8 ± 0.5 months, weight 2.3 ± 0.1 kg (mean ± SD were studied with stepwise increases in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP until total inhibition of PNA was attained before lavage (with GV and after lavage (GV and PLV. Tidal volume (Vt, PIP, oesophageal pressure and arterial blood gases were measured at inhibition of PNA. One way repeated measures analysis of variance and Student Newman Keuls-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results During GV, inhibition of PNA occurred at lower PIP, transpulmonary pressure (Ptp and Vt before than after lung lavage. After lavage, inhibition of inspiratory activity was achieved at the same PIP, Ptp and Vt during GV and PLV, but occurred at a higher PaCO2 during PLV. After lavage compliance at inhibition was almost the same during GV and PLV and resistance was lower during GV than during PLV. Conclusion Inhibition of inspiratory activity occurs at a higher PaCO2 during PLV than during GV in cats with surfactant-depleted lungs. This could indicate that PLV induces better recruitment of mechanoreceptors than GV.

Whole body hyperthermia, but not skin hyperthermia, accelerates brain and locomotor limb circulatory strain and impairs exercise capacity in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Trangmar, Steven J; Chiesa, Scott T; Kalsi, Kameljit K

2017-01-01

Cardiovascular strain and hyperthermia are thought to be important factors limiting exercise capacity in heat-stressed humans, however, the contribution of elevations in skin (Tsk) versus whole body temperatures on exercise capacity has not been characterized. To ascertain their relationships...... was associated with a plateau in MCA and two-legged vascular conductance (VC). Mechanistically, the falling MCA VC was coupled to reductions in PaCO2, whereas the plateau in leg vascular conductance was related to markedly elevated plasma [NA] and a plateau in plasma ATP These findings reveal that whole-body...... hyperthermia, but not skin hyperthermia, compromises exercise capacity in heat-stressed humans through the early attenuation of brain and active muscle blood flow....

Functional MRI of CO2 induced increase in cerebral perfusion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rostrup, Egill; Larsson, H B; Toft, P B

1994-01-01

The sensitivity of MR gradient echo imaging towards CO2 induced changes in cerebral blood flow was investigated in 10 normal subjects. The subjects were inhaling 5% and 7% CO2 and the experiments were carried out at 1.5 T (n = 6) and 2.0 T (n = 5), allowing a comparison of field strengths....... Additional experiments were carried out using a higher spatial resolution. The largest signal increases were noted in areas corresponding to larger vessels, but significant changes were also conspicuous in deeper cortical and central grey matter. The changes appeared linearly related to the arterial CO2...... tension, within the range of PaCO2 studied. In white matter, the changes were not statistically significant....

Effects of grinding on certain crystalline structures; Influence de broyage sur quelques structures cristallines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tekiz, Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-06-15

The effects of grinding on certain crystalline substances (ZnO, ZnS, Sb), have been studied using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The treatments were carried out using a vibrating mill which involves a higher energy than more conventional equipment such as ball-mills. Various methods have been proposed for determining the width of the intrinsic profile ({beta}). In the case of zinc oxide it has been shown possible to differentiate the respective contributions of the fragmentation effects and of lattice deformation effects to the overall effects of the grinding. For the two types of zinc sulfide (blend and Wurtzite) it has been shown that the blend-wurtzite) transition point is very much decreased, and that the rate of transformation of wurtzite into the stable form (blend) at room temperature is considerably increased by the grinding. In the case of antimony, the method of fragmentation shows the existence of an anisotropy which appears to be connected with easily cleavable planes. These observations show that in the case of grinding carried out with sufficient energy, the accumulation of this energy in the matter through the creation of lattice defects can accelerate the reaction rate or bring about physical transformations. (author) [French] Les effets du broyage sur certains corps cristallises (ZnO, ZnS, Sb) ont ete etudies a l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X et de la microscopie electronique. Les broyages ont ete effectues au moyen d'un vibro-broyeur qui met en jeu une energie superieure par rapport aux appareils plus conventionnels tels que les broyeurs a boulets. Diverses methodes concernant la determination de la largeur du profil intrinseque ({beta}) ont ete proposees. Dans le cas de l'oxyde de zinc on a montre la possibilite de differencier les contributions de l'effet de fragmentation et celui de perturbation du reseau, a l'effet total du broyage. Avec les deux varietes de sulfure de zinc (blende et Wurtzite) on a montre que le point de

Sporting Chance: Indigenous Participation in Australian Sport History

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Sean Gorman

2010-08-01

Full Text Available For many non-Indigenous Australians the only time they have any engagement with Indigenous peoples, history or issues is through watching sport on television or being at a football match at the MCG. This general myopia and indifference by settler Australians with Indigenous Australians manifests itself in many ways but perhaps most obscenely in the simple fact that Indigenous Australians die nearly 20 years younger than the rest of Australias citizens. Many non-Indigenous Australians do not know this. Sport in many ways has offered Indigenous Australians a platform from which to begin the slow, hard process for social justice and equity to be actualised. This paper will discuss the participation of Indigenous Australians in sport and show how sport has enabled Indigenous Australians to create a space so that they can speak out against the injustices they have experienced and to further improve on relations going into the future. The central contention is that through sport all Australians can begin a process of engaging with Indigenous history as a means to improve race relations between the two groups.

Results of Diagnostics as the Basis of Development of the System of Engineering Enterprise Marketing

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Koiuda Vira O.

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The article considers actualisation of diagnostics of the marketing system (MS of an engineering enterprise as the most important sub-system of the enterprise and priority of use of the results of this diagnostics for improvement of development of MS and economic subject in general. It identifies main elements of results of assessment of MS of an engineering enterprise for building a model of its development as an enterprise component in the market competitive environment. It characterises components of analysis of the results: enterprise MS assessment by selected objects of assessment (product, price, sales, promotion, and organisational structure of the marketing system; generalised assessment of MS; detection of influence of latent factors upon the marketing activity; and modelling stable functioning and development of engineering enterprise MS. Quality of these results significantly depends on information provision of the engineering enterprise MS and is a basis for development of a set of measures for increasing efficiency of functioning of the system at the enterprise under conditions of activation of its marketing activity.

Public health intelligence and the detection of potential pandemics.

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French, Martin; Mykhalovskiy, Eric

2013-02-01

This article considers contemporary developments in public health intelligence (PHI), especially their focus on health events of pandemic potential. It argues that the sociological study of PHI can yield important insights for the sociology of pandemics. PHI aims to detect health events as (or even before) they unfold. Whilst its apparatuses envelope traditional public health activities, such as epidemiological surveillance, they increasingly extend to non-traditional public health activities such as data-mining in electronically mediated social networks. With a focus on non-traditional PHI activities, the article first situates the study of PHI in relation to the sociology of public health. It then discusses the conceptualisation and actualisation of pandemics, reflecting on how public health professionals and organisations must equip themselves with diverse allies in order to realise the claims they make about pandemic phenomena. Finally, using the analytic tools of actor-network theory, sites for future empirical research that can contribute to the sociology of pandemics are suggested. © 2012 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness © 2012 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness/Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

“Climb!” – A Composition Case Study. Actualising and Replicating Virtual Spaces in Classical Music Composition and Performance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kallionpaa, Maria; Gasselseder, Hans-Peter

2018-01-01

, for example, the acoustics of the concert hall, the instrumentation, the qualities of the concert instrument, or the technologies used. Today´s electroacoustic repertoires frequently contain manipulation of (either physical or virtual) space or acoustic qualities, which sets new requirements...... to the capabilities of the performers. This leads to a question what these requirements may be and how can the performers and composers best deal with them? Can the space itself form part of the structure of a composition and/or performance? This chapter explores the topic through a composition case study “Climb...

Lattice Dynamics of Magnesium; Dynamique de Reseau du Magnesium; Dinamika reshetki magniya; Dinamica Reticular del Magnesio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iyengar, P. K.; Venkataraman, G.; Vuayaraghavan, P. R.; Roy, A. P. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)

1965-04-15

A group theoretical analysis of modes of vibrations in hexagonal close-packed lattices has been made. The results have been used to classify the phonons at some special points in the Brillouin zone and factorized the secular determinant. Dispersion relations for phonons in magnesium along the two symmetry directions [0001] and [0110] have been measured (at room temperature) more accurately than reported earlier. The measurements have been made using a triple-axis spectrometer and a ''window filter'' spectrometer, both operated in the ''constant-Q'' mode. The results are compared with calculations based on three- and four-neighbour axially symmetric models. It is observed that the four-neighbour model gives a reasonably good description of the data. Even better agreement is obtained with a four-neighbour tensor force model. The force constants derived from the experiment have been used to compute the frequency distribution. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont procede a une analyse theorique par groupe des niodes de vibration dans les reseaux a structure hexagonale compacte. Ils ont utilise les resultats pour classer les phonons en des points particuliers de la zone de Brillouin et analyser mathematiquement le determinant seculaire. Afin d'etablir les relations de dispersion pour les phonons du magnesium dans les deux directions de symetrie [0001] et [0110] (a la temperature ambiante), ils ont fait des mesures plus precises que celles qui ont ete signalees jusqu'a present. A cet effet, ils ont utilise un spectrometre triaxial et un spectrometre avec 'filtre a fenetre', l'un et l'autre dans le mode de 'Q constant'. Ils ont compare les resultats aux calculs fondes sur des modeles a symetrie axiale faisant intervenir les troisieme et quatrieme voisins. Ils ont constate que le deuxieme de ces modeles fournit une assez bonne description des donnees. Un modele de forces tensorielles englobant le quatrieme voisin assure une concordance encore meilleure. Les auteurs ont utilise les constantes de force deduites de l'experience pour calculer la distribution de frequence. (author) [Spanish] Los modos de vibracion de las redes hexagonales compactas se han analizado sobre la base de la teoria de los grupos. Los resultados se han utilizado para clasificar los fonones de algunos puntos especiales de la zona de Brillouin y para factorizar el determinante secular. Se han medido, con mayor precision que la alcanzada hasta el presente, las relaciones de dispersion de los fonones en el magnesio en dos direcciones de simetria [0001] y [0110], a la temperatura ambiente. Las mediciones se han efectuado utilizando un espectrometro triaxial y un espectrometro con 'filtro de ventana', funcionando ambos segun el modo de 'Q constante'. Los resultados se comparan con calculos basados en modelos axialmente simetricos que abarcan hasta el tercer o el cuarto atomo vecino. Se ha comprobado que este ultimo modelo se ajusta adecuadamente a los datos obtenidos. Con un modelo de fuerzas tensoriales que alcanzan hasta el cuarto atomo, se obtiene una concordancia aun mas satisfactoria. Para calcular la distribucion de frecuencias se han utilizado las constantes de fuerza deducidas del experimento. (author) [Russian] Byl proizveden gruppovoj teoreticheskij analiz vidov kolebanij v geksagonal'noj reshetke s plotnoj upakovkoj. Rezul'taty byli ispol'zovany dlja klassifikacii fononov v nekotoryh special'nyh tochkah zony Brillouina i razlozhenija vekovogo determinanta. Dispersionnye sootnoshenija dlja fononov v magnii v dvuh simmetrichnyh napralenijah [0001] i [0110] byli izmereny (pri komnatnoj temperature) bolee tochno, chem soobshhalos' ranee. Izmerenija byli proizvedeny s pomoshh'ju trehosnogo spektrometra i spektrometra s ''okonnym fil'trom''. Oba jeti spektrometra rabotali pri kolebanii s ''postojannym''. Rezul'taty izmerenij sopostavljajutsja s rezul'tatami raschetov, osnovannyh na treh- i chetyrehchlennyh aksial'no simmetrichnyh modeljah. Ustanovleno, chto chetyrehchlennaja model' daet dovol'no horoshee opisanie jetih dannyh. Eshhe bolee horoshee soglasie polucheno s chetyrehchlennoj model'ju tenzornoj sily. Konstanty sily, poluchennye v rezul'tate jeksperimentov, byli ispol'zovany dlja vychislenija raspredelenija chastot. (author)

Limits of deuterium pressure range with neutron production in plasma focus devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pouzo, J.; Milanese, M.; Piriz, R.; Cortazar, D.; Moroso, R.

1988-01-01

In this work we present the experimental curves of neutron yield (Y) respect to the deuterium filling pressure (p) obtained in our plasma focuses device PACO. Y increases with the focus current (I f ) according with the scaling law Y ∼I 4-5 f , but it presents a limited range of p beyond which Y drastically decreases. The higher pressure limit is coincident with recently reported limit due to the energy available to maintain the ionization rate of the neutral gas during the roll-off stage. The lower pressure limit is here explained, through experimental evidences, in terms of a phenomenon connected with the dynamics of the current sheath (cs) during the roll-off stage. (author). 8 refs, 11 figs

Early predictors of success of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, D; Prasad, Bnbm; Tampi, P S; Ramprasad, R

2011-10-01

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has emerged as a significant advancement in the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring ventilation therapy (respiratory rate [RR] of > 30 breaths per minutes, PaCO2 > 55 mmHg and arterial pH success group and these parameters continued to improve even after four and 24 hours of NIPPV treatment. Out of 24 (24%) patients who failed to respond, 13 (54%) needed endotracheal intubation within one hour. The failure group had higher baseline HR than the success group. Improvement in HR, RR, pH, and PCO2 one hour after putting the patient on NIPPV predicts success of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Investigation of hydrogen adsorption centers on Y2O3 by IR-spectroscopy method in diffusive-scattered light

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zubkov, S.A.; Borovkov, V.Yu.

1985-01-01

Adsorption of hydrogen and carbon oxide at the yttrium oxide at 80 K (5x30 3 PaH 2 ) and 300 K (6.5x10 2 PaCO) respectively are studied by the method of IR spectroscopy. It is shown, that at the surface of yttrium oxide trained in vacuum at 970 K, at least four types of centres of hydrogen adsorption, able to polarize H-H bond in a molecule, exist. Acid-base couple is the highest polarized centre, in the content of which there is a coordination-unsaturated highly-charged yttrium cation. Low-temperature dissociation of hydrogen on Y 2 O 3 surface occurs on the centres which polarized H-H bond in molecule comparatively slow

Tuberculosis in alpaca (lama pacos on a farm in ireland. 2. results of an epidemiological investigation

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Connolly DJ

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Tuberculosis (TB, due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis was diagnosed in a flock of alpaca in Ireland in 2004. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the risk of TB for farmed alpaca where TB is endemic, the origin of the infection, the potential for alpaca-to-alpaca transmission and appropriate control measures. The investigation focused on the alpaca flock (including the farm, animal movements and breeding, feeding and flock health practice, the disease episode (including animal disease events and subsequent control measures and TB infection risk in the locality. The TB risk to alpaca is high in areas where infection is endemic in cattle and badgers and where biosecurity is inadequate. It is most likely that the source of infection for the alpaca was a local strain of M. bovis, present in cattle in this area since at least 2001. Genotyping of isolates identified a single variable number tandem repeat (VNTR profile in both cattle and alpaca in this region. Although a tuberculous badger was also removed from the vicinity, bacterial isolation was not attempted. On this farm, infection in alpaca was probably derived from a common source. Alpaca-to-alpaca transmission seems unlikely. Two broad control strategies were implemented, aimed at the rapid removal of infected (and potentially infectious animals and the implementation of measures to limit transmission. Tests that proved useful in detecting potentially-infected animals included measurement of the albumin-to-globulin ratio and regular body condition scoring. Skin testing was time consuming and unproductive, and early detection of infected animals remains a challenge. The flock was managed as a series of separate groupings, based on perceived infection risk. No further TB cases have been detected.

Les reseaux de politique publique comme facteur d'influence du choix des instruments de politique energetique canadienne a des fins environnementales de 1993 a nos jours

Science.gov (United States)

Fathy El Dessouky, Naglaa

l'agenda politique du pays. Notre projet de recherche, par le truchement de l'approche des reseaux de politique publique, s'attarde a decrire et a expliquer le processus de la formulation d'une politique particuliere, soit la politique energetique a des fins de protection de l'environnement, elaboree en 1993. Il s'agit de mettre en evidence les facteurs affectant le choix des instruments de ces politiques publiques dans leur contexte national. Ainsi, la question generale de cette recherche est: Comment les phases evolutives de la formation d'un reseau de politique, en l'occurrence le Conseil canadien de l'energie (CCE), menent a des caracteristiques particulieres a ce reseau; et comment celles-ci determinent-elles les types des instruments de politique publique choisis, particulierement ceux de la recente orientation des politiques energetiques canadiennes a des fins environnementales elaborees en 1993? Afin d'atteindre l'objectif de notre recherche, deux facteurs primordiaux sont utilises, soit la circulation de l'information et l'exercice du controle sur les ressources des acteurs. L'analyse des caracteristiques du reseau en fonction des liens forts et des liens faibles autant que la presence ou l'absence des trous structuraux nous permettent de bien identifier les positions des differents acteurs, etatiques et non etatiques, sur le plan de l'information et du controle, qui a leur tour, nous semble-t-il, constituent des facteurs affectant les types des instruments des politiques publiques choisis: instruments substantifs, qui indiquent le degre de l'intervention du gouvernement, et instruments proceduraux, qui mettent plutot l'accent sur le degre de l'influence du gouvernement sur les acteurs non etatiques. L'etude soutient que l'approche des reseaux se distingue notamment par son potentiel a expliquer l'interrelation relative entre idees, interets et institutions, ce qui a son tour est susceptible de permettre une meilleure comprehension des processus de l

Cardiopulmonary effects and eyeball centralization with low-dose atracurium in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized dogs Avaliação cardiopulmonar e da centralização do globo ocular em cães com baixas doses de atracúrio mantidos em anestesia inalatória sob ventilação espontânea

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Adriano Bonfim Carregaro

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The objective was to determine the cardiopulmonary effects and eyeball centralization time obtained with 15 or 30µg kg-1 of atracurium in anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing. Eighteen healthy adult mixed-breed dogs were used, which received 0.1mg kg-1 acepromazine and 0.5mg kg-1 morphine IM, followed by 4mg kg-1 propofol IV and maintained on isoflurane anesthesia with spontaneous breathing. Animals received 1mL 0.9% NaCl IV (CG, 15µg kg-1 (G15 or 30µg kg-1 (G30 of atracurium IV. Eyeball centralization time was measured; heart rate (HR, systolic (SAP, mean (MAP and diastolic (DAP arterial pressures, respiratory rate (RR, tidal volume (Vt and minute volume (Vm were determined every 5min, and pH, arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 , arterial O2 pressure (PaO2 , hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2 , bicarbonate (HCO3- and base excess (BE every 15min until 60min. Both doses of atracurium produced a similar period of eyeball centralization. Vt in groups treated with atracurium was lower than in CG up to 15min. Vm in G15 differed from CG up to 10min and in G30 up to 25min. No differences were observed for cardiovascular parameters, RR, SaO2, PaO2, HCO3- and BE. pH decreased in CG between 30 and 60min and in G15 and G30 at 15min. G30 differed from CG between 15 and 30min. PaCO2 in GC differed from baseline between 30 and 60min and in G15 differed at 15min. Atracurium at the dose of 15µg kg-1 is adequate for short corneal procedures in inhalant-anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing.Objetivou-se determinar os efeitos cardiopulmonares e o tempo de centralização do globo ocular obtidos com 15 ou 30µg kg-1 de atracúrio em cães anestesiados sob ventilação espontânea. Dezoito cães adultos foram pré-medicados com 0,1mg kg-1 de acepromazina e 0,5mg kg-1 de morfina IM, anestesiados com 4mg kg-1 de propofol IV e mantidos sob anestesia inalatória com isofluorano em ventilação espontânea. Os animais receberam 1mL de NaCl 0,9% IV (GC, 15

Crystal structure of barium permanganate; Structure cristalline du permanganate de baryum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hardy, Antoine; Piekarski, Claudia; Hagen-Muller, Paul [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA (France)

1960-07-01

Ba (MnO{sub 4}){sub 2}, belongs to the D{sup 24}{sub 2h} group with a = 14.71, b = 11.86 and c= 7.39 A. Each Mn is at the center of an almost regular tetrahedron of oxygens. The structural pattern, parallel to b, comprises two tetrahedra symmetrical to a Ba. In the lattice, this Ba occupies the nodes of a diamond-type network. Reprint of a paper published in Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, t. 249, p. 2579-2581, sitting of 9 December 1959 [French] Ba (MnO{sub 4}){sub 2}, appartient au groupe D{sup 24}{sub 2h}. avec a = 14,71, b = 11,86 et c= 7,39 A. Chaque manganese est au centre d'un tetraedre d'oxygenes presque regulier. Le motif structural, parallele a b, comporte deux tetraedres symetriques par rapport a un baryum. Celui-ci occupe dans la maille les noeuds d'un reseau type diamant. Reproduction d'un article publie dans les Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, t. 249, p. 2579-2581, seance du 9 decembre 1959.

Calculation programme for transient thermo-pneumatic flows; Programme de calcul pour les ecoulements transitoires thermopneumatiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coste, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

With a view to determining the changes occurring in gas reactors after cooling accidents, a calculation programme is established for unidimensional gas flows with pressure drops, heat exchanges and in certain cases blowing, in a reticulated lattice. Any schematization can be taken into account by the use of a set of indices. This programme, of which the FORTRAN list is given, is applied to particular cases of sudden pressure drops in the circuits. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained both from the graphical method using the characteristics and from experimental recorded data. (author) [French] En vue de determiner les evolutions des reacteurs a gaz apres accident de refroidissement, on etablit un programme de calcul pour les ecoulements gazeux unidimensionnels avec pertes de charge, echanges thermiques et eventuellement soufflage, en reseau maille. Toute schematisation peut etre prise en compte grace a un jeu d'indices. Ce programme, dont la liste FORTRAN est presentee, est applique a des cas particuliers de degonflage brutal de circuits. Ses resultats sont en bon accord, d'une part avec ceux de la methode graphique des caracteristiques, d'autre part avec des enregistrements experimentaux. (auteur)

Critical sizes and flux distributions in the shut down pile; Tailles critiques et cartes de flux a froid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banchereau, A; Berthier, P; Genthon, J P; Gourdon, C; Lattes, R; Martelly, J; Mazancourt, R de; Portes, L; Sagot, M; Schmitt, A P; Tanguy, P; Teste du Bailler, A; Veyssiere, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

An important part of the experiments carried out on the reactor G1 during a period of shut-down has consisted in determinations of critical sizes, and measurements of flux distribution by irradiations of detectors. This report deals with the following points: 1- Critical sizes of the flat pile, the long pile and the uranium-thorium pile. 2- Flux charts of the same piles, and study of an exponential experiment. 3- Determination of the slit effect. 4- Calculation of the anisotropy of the lattice. 5- Description of the experimental apparatus of the irradiation measurements. (author) [French] Une part importante des experiences a froid effectuees sur le reacteur G1 a consiste en des determinations de tailles critiques et des mesures de distributions de flux par irradiations de detecteurs. Le present rapport traite les points suivants: 1- Tailles critiques de la pile plate, de la pile longue, de la pile a uranium-thorium. 2 - Cartes de flux des memes piles et etude d'une experience exponentielle. 3 - Determination de l'effet de fente. 4 - Calcul de l'anisotropie du reseau. 5 - Description de l'appareillage experimental des mesures d'irradiations. (auteur)

Application of semi parametric modelling to times series forecasting: case of the electricity consumption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lefieux, V.

2007-10-01

Reseau de Transport d'Electricite (RTE), in charge of operating the French electric transportation grid, needs an accurate forecast of the power consumption in order to operate it correctly. The forecasts used everyday result from a model combining a nonlinear parametric regression and a SARIMA model. In order to obtain an adaptive forecasting model, nonparametric forecasting methods have already been tested without real success. In particular, it is known that a nonparametric predictor behaves badly with a great number of explanatory variables, what is commonly called the curse of dimensionality. Recently, semi parametric methods which improve the pure nonparametric approach have been proposed to estimate a regression function. Based on the concept of 'dimension reduction', one those methods (called MAVE : Moving Average -conditional- Variance Estimate) can apply to time series. We study empirically its effectiveness to predict the future values of an autoregressive time series. We then adapt this method, from a practical point of view, to forecast power consumption. We propose a partially linear semi parametric model, based on the MAVE method, which allows to take into account simultaneously the autoregressive aspect of the problem and the exogenous variables. The proposed estimation procedure is practically efficient. (author)

Critical sizes and flux distributions in the shut down pile; Tailles critiques et cartes de flux a froid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banchereau, A.; Berthier, P.; Genthon, J.P.; Gourdon, C.; Lattes, R.; Martelly, J.; Mazancourt, R. de; Portes, L.; Sagot, M.; Schmitt, A.P.; Tanguy, P.; Teste du Bailler, A.; Veyssiere, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

An important part of the experiments carried out on the reactor G1 during a period of shut-down has consisted in determinations of critical sizes, and measurements of flux distribution by irradiations of detectors. This report deals with the following points: 1- Critical sizes of the flat pile, the long pile and the uranium-thorium pile. 2- Flux charts of the same piles, and study of an exponential experiment. 3- Determination of the slit effect. 4- Calculation of the anisotropy of the lattice. 5- Description of the experimental apparatus of the irradiation measurements. (author) [French] Une part importante des experiences a froid effectuees sur le reacteur G1 a consiste en des determinations de tailles critiques et des mesures de distributions de flux par irradiations de detecteurs. Le present rapport traite les points suivants: 1- Tailles critiques de la pile plate, de la pile longue, de la pile a uranium-thorium. 2 - Cartes de flux des memes piles et etude d'une experience exponentielle. 3 - Determination de l'effet de fente. 4 - Calcul de l'anisotropie du reseau. 5 - Description de l'appareillage experimental des mesures d'irradiations. (auteur)

Issues and challenges of the development of petroleum products distribution sector in Algeria; Les enjeux et les defis du developpement du secteur de la distribution des produits petroliers en Algerie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akretche, Said

2010-09-15

The petroleum products distribution sector in Algeria is experiencing profound changes. The economic growth has brought an increase and a diversification of petroleum products consumption. Reforms on the opening of the sector to competition and regulations have allowed progress, especially in the promotion of clean products. Naftal invested in a transformation and modernization process to adapt to the new context and align itself with the worldwide best practices. This plan expects important investments for the promotion of clean products and the development of a ducting transport network to limit the environmental damage. [French] Le secteur de la distribution des produits petroliers en Algerie connait des mutations profondes. La croissance economique a induit une augmentation et une diversification de la consommation des produits petroliers. Les reformes portant ouverture du secteur a la concurrence et regulation ont permis des avancees notamment dans la promotion des produits propres. Naftal a engage un processus de transformation et modernisation pour s'adapter au nouveau contexte et s'aligner sur les meilleures pratiques mondiales. Ce plan prevoit d'importants investissements pour la promotion des produits propres et la realisation d'un reseau de transport par canalisation pour limiter les atteintes environnementales.

Relative measurement of the fluxes of thermal, resonant and rapid neutrons in reactor G1; Mesures relatives des flux thermique, resonnant et rapide dans le reacteur G1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carle, R; Mazancourt, T de [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

We sought to determine the behavior of the thermal, resonant and rapid neutron fluxes in the multiplier-reflector transition region, in the two principal directions of the system. We have also measured the variation of these different fluxes in the body of the multiplier medium in a canal filled with graphite and in an empty canal. The results are given in the form of curves representing: - the variation of the ratio of the thermal flux to the rapid flux in axial and radial transitions - the behavior of the thermal and resonant fluxes and the variation of their ratio in the same regions. (author) [French] Nous avons cherche a determiner le comportement des differents flux, thermique, resonnant et rapide a la transition milieu multiplicateur-reflecteur dans les deux directions principales du reseau. Nous avons egalement mesure la variation de ces differents flux au sein du milieu multiplicateur dans un canal rempli de graphite et dans un canal vide. Les resultats sont donnes sous forme de courbe representant: - La variation du rapport du flux thermique au flux rapide aux transitions axiale et radiale - L'allure des flux thermique et resonnant et la variation de leur rapport dans les memes regions. (auteur)

Calculation programme for transient thermo-pneumatic flows; Programme de calcul pour les ecoulements transitoires thermopneumatiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coste, D. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

With a view to determining the changes occurring in gas reactors after cooling accidents, a calculation programme is established for unidimensional gas flows with pressure drops, heat exchanges and in certain cases blowing, in a reticulated lattice. Any schematization can be taken into account by the use of a set of indices. This programme, of which the FORTRAN list is given, is applied to particular cases of sudden pressure drops in the circuits. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained both from the graphical method using the characteristics and from experimental recorded data. (author) [French] En vue de determiner les evolutions des reacteurs a gaz apres accident de refroidissement, on etablit un programme de calcul pour les ecoulements gazeux unidimensionnels avec pertes de charge, echanges thermiques et eventuellement soufflage, en reseau maille. Toute schematisation peut etre prise en compte grace a un jeu d'indices. Ce programme, dont la liste FORTRAN est presentee, est applique a des cas particuliers de degonflage brutal de circuits. Ses resultats sont en bon accord, d'une part avec ceux de la methode graphique des caracteristiques, d'autre part avec des enregistrements experimentaux. (auteur)

Nuclear study of Melusine; Etude nucleaire de Melusine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cherot, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1959-07-01

In this report are reviewed - with respect to starting of experiments - the main nuclear characteristics of a 20 per cent enriched uranium lattice, with light water as moderator and reflector. The reactor is to operate at 1 MW. 1) Study of various critical masses. 2) Control. Effectiveness of cadmium. Control rods and of a stainless steel regulating rod. 3) Study of the effect on reactivity of disturbances in the core center. 4) Study of xenon and samarium poisoning. 5) Temperature factor. 6) Heat exchanges in a fuel element. (author) [French] On etudie, dans ce rapport, les principales proprietes nucleaires d'un reseau a uranium enrichi (20 pour cent), dont le moderateur et le reflecteur sont l'eau legere en vue des experiences de demarrage. Ce reacteur devra fonctionner a 1 MW. 1) Etude de diverses masses critiques. 2) Controle. Efficacite des barres de controle en cadmium et d'une barre de reglage en acier inoxydable. 3) Etude de l'effet sur la reactivite de perturbation au centre du coeur. 4) Etude de l'empoisonnement xenon et samarium. 5) Coefficient de temperature. 6) Echanges thermiques dans un element. (auteur)

Generation-distribution of electric power in France and in its regions in 2004 and 2005

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-09-01

This report presents the temporary results for the year 2005 of the power generation and transportation/distribution in France. Power generation data come from the official exhaustive annual inquiry acknowledged by the national council of statistical information (CNIS). It concerns all power producers, like EDF, Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (CNR), Societe Nationale d'Electricite et de Thermique (SNET), Societe Hydroelectrique du Midi (SHEM), and some independent producers who generate electricity for their own needs or for the supply of the grid (about 3000 companies). Data relative to power transportation and distribution are established by another administrative annual inquiry addressed to utilities (EDF-Reseau de Distribution, local distribution companies) and to the power transportation network manager (RTE EDF-Transport). The statistical results presented in this document are established from data settled on June 11, 2007. In a context of market liberalization, these two inquiries are of particular importance. They represent a measurement tool of the public authorities' action in favor of the security of supplies, and they allow to have available a detailed, reliable and regularly updated description of France's power generation and transportation facilities by energy source and by geographical area. (J.S.)

Vers un modele d'intervention precoce en lecture en actualisation linguistique (Towards a Model of Early Intervention in Reading Readiness).

Science.gov (United States)

Berger, Marie Josee

1999-01-01

Argues that in Ontario's French-medium schools, reading is often a challenge, particularly for those in readiness classes who speak little or no French. A model for early intervention in reading is recommended, combining reading and writing to address the linguistic challenges of students in a minority-language community. (Author/MSE)

Construction, Cost and Use of an Enriched Uranium, Light-Water Subcritical Assembly; Assemblage Sous-Critique a Uranium Enrichi et Eau Legere; Realisation, Cout et Application; Realizatsiya i stoimost' podkriticheskoj sborki na obogashchennom urane i legkoj vode; Construccion, Coste y Aplicacion de un Conjunto Subcritico de Uranio Enriquecido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vittoz, B.; Berthet, P.; Gavin, P.; Mandrin, C.; Robert, P.; Thurnheer, J. [Ecole Polytechnique de l' Universite de Lausanne (Switzerland)

1964-02-15

Lausanne est egalement employe pour renseignement. Cette installation presente une grande souplesse d'utilisation. Les auteurs exposent les raisons qui ont amene le Laboratoire de genie atomique de l'Ecole polytechnique de l'Universite de Lausanne a realiser l'assemblage sous-critique, autant que possible par ses propres moyens, et a choisir un reseau uranium faiblement enrichi-eau legere. Ils decrivent le principe et la realisation des dispositifs qui permettent de faire varier commodement et rapidement les parametres relatifs au reseau et a l'alimentation en neutrons: 1. Les barres d'uranium sont suspendues verticalement, chaque point de suspension est a deux degres de liberte sans restriction de continuite. Ce principe permet par exemple de faire varier de facon , continue te pas de reseau. 2. L'alimentation en neutrons est assuree par 5 sources Pu-Be placees dans un socle de graphite. L'ecartement de ces sources peut aussi etre regle de facon continue. Les auteurs examinent les problemes de securite que pose l'installation par le fait que la reactivite peut beaucoup varier d'une configuration a l'autre. Enfin, les auteurs presentent l'ensemble des depenses occasionnees par la construction et l'exploitation de cet assemblage sous-critique. L'une des recherches faites avec le sous-critique est l'etude d'un reseau non periodique ou l'on cherche a obtenir un flux uniforme. On utilise a cet effet la theorie heterogene developpee par Feinberg et Horning ea considerant d'abord un reseau de barres disposees de facon identique dans n plans paralleles non equidistants. Chaque plan de barres est une source de neutrons rapides et un absorbeur de neutrons thermiques. En dehors de ces plans, les equations de diffusion a deux groupes sont utilisees. La connaissance des caracteristiques d'un seul plan de barres est suffisante pour prevoir le flux de neutrons du aux n plans. La determination experimentale de ces caracteristiques est faite en tenant compte de la variation verticale du

Use of eugenol in Jundiá da Amazônia (Leiarius marmoratus: effects on sedation and evaluation hemogasometry

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Claucia Aparecida Honorato

2014-10-01

Full Text Available This work aims to evaluate the use of eugenol as an anesthetic for jundiá da Amazônia (Leiarius marmoratus, measuring the time to anesthesia induction in different concentrações and their effects in gas exchange. The results were analyzed according to a completely randomized design (DIC with eight treatments (control, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 150, 200 mg L-1 of eugenol and ten repetitions. Time values of anesthetic induction and recovery, according to the level of eugenol underwent polynomial regression (p<0.05. The analysis of variance (ANOVA and averages were compared by Tukey test. Were determined the time of anesthesia and recovery. The parameters were analyzed blood glucose, pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2, concentration of bicarbonate (HCO-3, sodium (Na, potassium (K, calcium (Ca and chloride (Cl. The concentrations of 40 and 80 mg.L-1 of eugenol were the ones who presented time deep anesthesia induction of 59.5 ± 17.5 sec. and 58.4 ± 18.6 sec. respectively. The concentrations above 120 mg. L-¹ presented mortality. These fish subjected to different level of eugenol did not show changes in blood oxygen pressure (PaO2 and carbon dioxide (PaCO2. The fish when subjected to concentrations above 80 mg L-1 showed an increase of bicarbonate. The plasma glucose values showed significant elevation in response to the bath with anesthetic eugenol. The concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium and plasma protein remained constants indicating that the process of anesthesia was not long lasting enough to induce changes in the electrolyte balance. Within the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that eugenol is a suitable anesthetic for the silver. This product may be used at a concentration of 40 mg. L-1 without causing changes hemogasométrica.

Effect of one-lung ventilation on end-tidal carbon dioxide during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model of cardiac arrest.

Science.gov (United States)

Ryu, Dong Hyun; Jung, Yong Hun; Jeung, Kyung Woon; Lee, Byung Kook; Jeong, Young Won; Yun, Jong Geun; Lee, Dong Hun; Lee, Sung Min; Heo, Tag; Min, Yong Il

2018-01-01

Unrecognized endobronchial intubation frequently occurs after emergency intubation. However, no study has evaluated the effect of one-lung ventilation on end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We compared the hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, and ETCO2 during one-lung ventilation with those during conventional two-lung ventilation in a pig model of CPR, to determine the effect of the former on ETCO2. A randomized crossover study was conducted in 12 pigs intubated with double-lumen endobronchial tube to achieve lung separation. During CPR, the animals underwent three 5-min ventilation trials based on a randomized crossover design: left-lung, right-lung, or two-lung ventilation. Arterial blood gases were measured at the end of each ventilation trial. Ventilation was provided using the same tidal volume throughout the ventilation trials. Comparison using generalized linear mixed model revealed no significant group effects with respect to aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and carotid blood flow; however, significant group effect in terms of ETCO2 was found (P < 0.001). In the post hoc analyses, ETCO2 was lower during the right-lung ventilation than during the two-lung (P = 0.006) or left-lung ventilation (P < 0.001). However, no difference in ETCO2 was detected between the left-lung and two-lung ventilations. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) differed among the three types of ventilation (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). The post hoc analyses revealed a higher PaCO2, lower PaO2, and lower SaO2 during right-lung ventilation than during two-lung or left-lung ventilation. However, the levels of these blood gases did not differ between the left-lung and two-lung ventilations. In a pig model of CPR, ETCO2 was significantly lower during right-lung ventilation than during two-lung ventilation. However

Severe hypoxaemia in field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum and effects of using tracheal insufflation of oxygen

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M. Bush

2004-06-01

Full Text Available White rhinoceros anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone combination develop adverse physiological changes including hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, tachycardia and hypertension. These changes are more marked in field-anaesthetised rhinoceros. This study was designed to develop a technique to improve safety for field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros by tracheal intubation and oxygen insufflation. Twenty-five free-ranging white rhinoceros were anaesthetised with an etorphine and azaperone combination for translocation or placing microchips in their horns. Once anaesthetised the rhinoceros were monitored prior to crating for transportation or during microchip placement. Physiological measurements included heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and arterial blood gas samples. Eighteen rhinoceros were intubated using an equine nasogastric tube passed nasally into the trachea and monitored before and after tracheal insufflation with oxygen. Seven rhinoceros were not intubated or insufflated with oxygen and served as controls. All anaesthetised rhinoceros were initially hypoxaemic (percentage arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (% O2Sa = 49 % + 16 (mean + SD and PaO2 = 4.666 + 1.200 kPa (35 + 9 mm Hg, hypercapnic (PaCO2 = 8.265 + 1.600 kPa (62 + 12 mm Hg and acidaemic (pHa = 7.171 + 0.073 . Base excess was -6.7 + 3.9 mmol/ℓ, indicating a mild to moderate metabolic acidosis. The rhinoceros were also hypertensive (systolic blood pressure = 21.861 + 5.465 kPa (164 + 41 mm Hg and tachycardic (HR = 107 + 31/min. Following nasal tracheal intubation and insufflation, the % O2Sa and PaO2 increased while blood pHa and PaCO2 remained unchanged.Tracheal intubation via the nose is not difficult, and when oxygen is insufflated, the PaO2 and the % O2Sa increases, markedly improving the safety of anaesthesia, but this technique does not correct the hypercapnoea or acidosis. After regaining their feet following reversal of the anaesthesia, the animals

Comparison of azaperone-detomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and azaperone-tiletamine-zolazepam for anaesthesia in piglets.

Science.gov (United States)

Heinonen, Mari L; Raekallio, Marja R; Oliviero, Claudio; Ahokas, Sanna; Peltoniemi, Olli A T

2009-03-01

To investigate a combination of azaperone, detomidine, butorphanol and ketamine (DBK) in pigs and to compare it with the combination of azaperone, tiletamine and zolazepam (TZ). Prospective, randomized, blinded, cross-over study. Twelve clinically healthy crossbred pigs aged about 2 months and weighing 16-25 kg. Pigs were pre-medicated with azaperone (4 mg kg(-1)). Ten minutes later anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular DBK (detomidine 0.08 mg kg(-1), butorphanol 0.2 mg kg(-1), ketamine 10 mg kg(-1)) or TZ (tiletamine and zolazepam 5 mg kg(-1)). The pigs were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Heart and respiratory rates, posture, anaesthesia score, PaO(2), PaCO(2), pH and bicarbonate concentration were measured. t-test was used to compare the areas under time-anaesthesia index curve (AUC(anindex)) between treatments. Data concerning heart and respiratory rates, PaO(2), PaCO(2) and anaesthesia score were analysed with anova for repeated measurements. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for the data concerning the duration of sedation and anaesthesia. The sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia lasted longer after DBK than TZ. The AUC(anscore) were 863 +/- 423 and 452 +/- 274 for DBK and TZ, respectively (p = 0.002). The duration of surgical anaesthesia lasted a median of 35 minutes (0-105 minutes) after DBK and a median of 15 minutes (0-35 minutes) after TZ (p = 0.05). Four pigs after DBK and six after TZ did not achieve the plane of surgical anaesthesia. The heart rate was lower after DBK than after TZ. Both treatments had similar effects on the other parameters measured. At the doses used DBK was more effective than TZ for anaesthesia in pigs under field conditions. The combinations can be used for sedation and minor field surgery in pigs. The doses and drugs chosen were insufficient to produce a reliable surgical plane of anaesthesia in these young pigs.

Donde habita el olvido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Rivera León

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Con el convencimiento de que la literatura posee un potencial didáctico que la convierte en un material idóneo para ser llevado al aula de ELE, proponemos una secuencia didáctica articulada en torno a una selección del cómic Arrugas (2007 de Paco Roca. Las actividades, pensadas para un nivel B2, están concebidas como una práctica con los tiempos del pasado a través de la producción de textos pertenecientes a distintos géneros discursivos (el diálogo cinematográfico y el relato breve. Se pretende, asimismo, que los estudiantes se familiaricen con el modo de abordar estratégicamente las tareas que realizan, tanto dentro como fuera del aula, y que empleen de forma pautada procedimientos metacognitivos (planificación, ejecución, evaluación y reparación. Además, se introduce un componente sociocultural, pues se llama la atención sobre la forma de vida de los ancianos en el contexto español.   Palabras clave: cómic, diálogo cinematográfico, relato breve, tiempos de pasado, SCOBA   Where oblivion dwells Abstract: We are convinced that literature has a strong didactic potential and can be used in instructional materials in the Spanish as a Foreign Language classroom. That’s why we propose a didactic sequence built on the comic Wrinkles (2007 by Paco Roca. The materials are planned for a B2 level and they aim at the past tense verb practice throughout the production of texts belonging to different discursive genres (cinematic dialogue and short story. Students are expected to become familiar with strategic ways of resolving tasks inside and outside the classroom and to use, provided with guidelines, metacognitive procedures (planning, execution, evaluation and repair. We introduce a sociocultural component as well because we pay attention to the way of life of older people in the Spanish context.   Keywords: comic, cinematic dialogue, short story, past tenses, SCOBA

Sleep disordered breathing following spinal cord injury

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Biering-Sørensen, Fin; Jennum, Poul; Laub, Michael

2009-01-01

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly complain about difficulty in sleeping. Although various sleep disordered breathing definitions and indices are used that make comparisons between studies difficult, it seems evident that the frequency of sleep disorders is higher in individuals...... with SCI, especially with regard to obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, there is a correlation between the incidence of sleep disturbances and the spinal cord level injured, age, body mass index, neck circumference, abdominal girth, and use of sedating medications. Regulation of respiration is dependent...... on wakefulness and sleep. Thus, it is important to be aware of basic mechanisms in the regulation and control of sleep and awake states. Supine position decreases the vital capacity in tetraplegic individuals, and diminished responsiveness to Pa(CO)(2) may further decrease ventilatory reserve. There also may...

[Renal response to intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate in newborn infants of different gestational ages].

Science.gov (United States)

Jasso-Gutiérrez, L; Araujo, B; Fuse-Moteji, R; del Castillo, E D

1976-01-01

The study comprised a series of 16 neonates made up of 5 patients of 33 weeks of gestation, 5 infants of 35 weeks and 6 more of 40 weeks of gestation. Blood pH, PaCO2 and HCO3- were measured together with bicarbonate, ammonium, titrable acidity and hydrogen ions in urine before and after intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Before infusion of bicarbonate, titrable acidity, ammonium and net acidity in urine were higher in accordance with a greater gestational age. As the administration of bicarbonate elapsed, titrable acidity, ammonium and net acidity dropped with increase in concentration of bicarbonate. A hypothesis is set forth that the differences found in the factors evaluated in urine before administration of bicarbonate depend on the physiologic characteristics set in the newborn by gestational age.

Observations of the dynamics of ionic potassium-38 in brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duncan, C.C.; Lambrecht, R.M.; Bennett, G.W.; Rescigno, A.; Ment, L.R.

1984-01-01

Short time course potassium dynamics in brain were investigated in the cat. 38 K (T1/2 . 7.6m) was prepared on the BNL 60'' cyclotron by the 40 Ar(p, 3n) 38 K reaction. Positron decay in brain was measured by the limited angle of view positron camera (LAPC). Radioactivity corrected for physical decay following intravenous bolus injection of 38 K showed an initial peak followed by a washout phase with a subsequent monotonic increase. The slope of the washout phase was linearly related to PaCO2 and the subsequent monotonic increase paralleled the arterial concentration of the tracer. No significant changes in 38 K radioactivity were determined following coma producing levels of phenobarbital or seizure producing doses of potassium penicillin as compared to control

Effect of cobalt-60 {gamma} radiation and of thermal neutrons on high resistance P and N silicon. Possibility of obtaining a nuclear compensation for P type silicon; Effects du rayonnement {gamma} du cobalt 60 et de neutrons thermiques sur du silicium P et N de haute resistivite. Possibilite de realiser une compensation nucleaire d'un silicium du type P

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Messier, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-11-01

Type P silicon has been compensated by the production of a controlled and uniform amount of donor atoms ({sup 31}P) using thermal neutrons to bring about a nuclear transformation. It is shown that it is possible in this way to reduce by a factor of about one hundred the overall concentration of residual ionised impurities in the purest crystals obtained by floating zone purification (2 x 10{sup 12} atoms/cm{sup 3}). The degree compensation obtained is limited by the initial inhomogeneity of acceptor impurities which have to be compensated. Lattice defects which still remain after prolonged annealings reduce the life-time of the material to about 10 {mu}s approximately. Particle detectors having thicknesses of 2 to 5 mm have been built by this process; they give good results, particularly at low temperatures. A study has also been made of the number and of the nature of lattice defects produced by thermal neutrons in high resistivity P and N type crystals. These defects have been compared to those produced by {gamma} rays from {sup 60}Co. A discussion is given of the validity of the Wertheim model concerning pronounced recombination at low temperatures (77 deg. K - 300 deg. K) of primary defect-interstitial pairs. The nature of the defects introducing energy levels into the lower half of the forbidden band has been studied. (author) [French] On a compense du silicium de type P en produisant, au moyen de neutrons thermiques, par transmutation nucleaire une quantite controlee et uniforme d'atomes donneurs ({sup 31}P). On montre qu'on peut ainsi reduire de cent fois environ la densite nette d'impuretes ionisees residuelles subsistant dans les cristaux les plus purs obtenus par purification par zone flottante (2.10{sup 12} atomes/cm{sup 3}). Le degre de compensation obtenu est limite par i'inhomogeneite initiale des impuretes acceptrices a compenser. Des defauts de reseau qui subsistent meme apres des recuits prolonges reduisent la duree de vie du materiau a 10 {mu

Elaborating on ubuntu in a Johannesburg inner-city church

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Elina Hankela

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The article was originally delivered as the speech of the winner of the 2014 Donner Institute Prize for Outstanding Research into Religion, and deals with some core findings of the research that won the prize, namely, the doctoral thesis Challenging Ubuntu: Open Doors and Exclusionary Boundaries at the Central Methodist Mission in Johannesburg. The author approaches the meanings of ubuntu (Nguni: humanity/humanness in the context of a Methodist church that sheltered thousands of African migrants in its premises in the inner city of Johannesburg. Using ethnographic research methods, she analyses both the inclusionary message of humanity preached at the church and the exclusionary boundaries between the people who lived in the church and the local congregation that worshipped there. Based on the social dynamics of the church community, the author suggests the rules of reciprocity and survival as some of the socio-moral patterns that set the boundaries to the actualisation of the moral ideal of ubuntu in this context. Overall, the case of this particular church speaks to a broader discussion of the meaning of and limits to being human in one world.

‘Raising righteous billionaires’: The prosperity gospel reconsidered

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Ebenezer Obadare

2016-10-01

Full Text Available How should we think of development within an ideological format in which individual subjects are abstracted from the constraints and necessities of social policy and the political structure? Using this question as a spark, this article critically deconstructs the Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Africa. Two overlapping arguments are advanced. One is that, in atomising the individual, Pentecostal prosperity gospel discounts power relations and the political, effectively dislocating the individual believer from the social matrix within which his or her agency is forged. Secondly, it is suggested that this attitude towards both the individual and the state puts Pentecostalism firmly within the orbit of neoliberalism. This article leverages this affinity for an understanding of how neoliberal ideas and conceptions of wealth, accumulation and self-actualisation are embedded and reproduced in Pentecostalism. It concludes that, because, on the one hand, it has no lever – historical or philosophical – on which it might be grounded, and on the other hand, since it has developed no cogent political economy to speak of, prosperity gospel, nay Pentecostal spirituality, offers no realistic path out of the African economic crisis.

‘Raising righteous billionaires’: The prosperity gospel reconsidered

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ebenezer Obadare

2016-05-01

Full Text Available How should we think of development within an ideological format in which individual subjects are abstracted from the constraints and necessities of social policy and the political structure? Using this question as a spark, this article critically deconstructs the Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Africa. Two overlapping arguments are advanced. One is that, in atomising the individual, Pentecostal prosperity gospel discounts power relations and the political, effectively dislocating the individual believer from the social matrix within which his or her agency is forged. Secondly, it is suggested that this attitude towards both the individual and the state puts Pentecostalism firmly within the orbit of neoliberalism. This article leverages this affinity for an understanding of how neoliberal ideas and conceptions of wealth, accumulation and self-actualisation are embedded and reproduced in Pentecostalism. It concludes that, because, on the one hand, it has no lever – historical or philosophical – on which it might be grounded, and on the other hand, since it has developed no cogent political economy to speak of, prosperity gospel, nay Pentecostal spirituality, offers no realistic path out of the African economic crisis.

Die dialektiek tussen leser en teks: �n Gesprek oor hermeneutiese homiletiek

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Hennie J.C. Pieterse

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Dialectics between reader and text: A discussion on hermeneutical homiletics The fundamentalist reaction to contemporary theological discourse in South Africa expresses the need for homiletics to give serious attention to the pre-understanding of our existential situation in order to understand the Biblical text for preaching. Empirical research shows that most preachers concentrate on exegesis in sermon preparation, but do not succeed in actualising the message of the text in their own context. In homiletics, the question still remains whether the own context of the reader of a Biblical text should be seen as an integral part of the hermeneutical-homiletical theory. This article argues that there is a creative tension between reader and Biblical text in the hermeneutical process of sermon preparation, provided the two are treated equally. Because either the text or the reader sometimes dominates the process of understanding, a choice is made for an equal dialectical weight of reader and text in hermeneutical-homiletics, referring to H-G. Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur as sources. This approach opens up the possibility of topical preaching as a result of a creative tension between reader and text in sermon preparation.

Motivation of Professional Choice as a Component of Professional Subjectness in Teachers

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Budnikova S.P.,

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The paper addresses the issue of factors that define the choice of university and future profession in prospective students of the Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University. The motives of professional choice are essential when it comes to analyzing the conditions of development of professional subjectness. Our study involved 62% of all first-year students and 85% of first-year students of pedagogical departments. We used our specially developed questionnaire “Motives of University Choice” and a set of others, such as V.G. Katashev’s “Technique for Measuring Learning Motivation in Students” and K. Zamfir’s “Work Motivation Technique” (modified by A.A. Rean. The outcomes show that most students make choices basing on their emotional attitude to the professional sphere which is generally positive. Also, it was revealed that important inner and outer positive motives prevail in most future teachers. The paper states that it is necessary to find the universal criteria which could help predict successful self-actualisation in profession in individuals during their study at university and thus help reveal the mechanisms for managing this process. Finally, we suggest some possible forms promoting professional self-orientation at university.

Die Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika 1859-2002: die vervulling van ’n roeping in belang van die koninkryk van God?

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A. du Plooy

2003-08-01

Full Text Available The Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika 1859-2002: Fulfilment of a calling for the benefit of the Kingdom of God? The Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika was founded on 11 February 1859 in Rustenburg. This article looks at a number of subthemes from the history of the GKSA. These sub-themes represent a random choice but are relevant to the topic. Though not meant to cover the entire field, the following sub-themes are discussed: • The historical context within which the Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika originated in 1859. • The fundamental calling of the church to proclaim the Word of God in its purest form, and the importance of providing sound, scholarly education and training to theological students. • The calling to actualise the unity of the church, with reference to the relationship among the three major Afrikaans-speaking reformed denominations, ecumenism and unity across ethnic and language boundaries. • The calling to ensure justice in society, with brief reference to the Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika and the ideology of apartheid. • The calling to bear testimony among people in society.

Calculation of the working capital invested in fuel cycles and its interest charges (1963); Calcul des immobilisations financieres des cycles de combustible (1963)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaussens, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

All the processes undergone by the nuclear material, including the various steps of fuel element manufacturing and of irradiated fuel reprocessing lead to working capital investments varying with the type of reactor, that must be taken into account in the kWh cost calculation. The author deals with a calculation method called: 'present worth method' and gives some examples concerning reactors the main fuel of which being either natural uranium or enriched uranium or plutonium. He especially points out the importance these investments may take in the case of fast breeder reactors. (author) [French] L'ensemble des etapes parcourues par la matiere fissile comprenant les divers stades d'elaboration des elements combustibles et de leur traitement apres irradiation, implique des immobilisations financieres tres differentes d'un type de reacteur a l'autre, dont il convient de tenir compte dans le calcul du cout du kWh. L'auteur expose une methode de calcul dite 'd'actualisation des couts' et donne quelques exemples relatifs aux reacteurs utilisant l'uranium naturel, l'uranium enrichi et le plutonium comme combustible principal. Il montre en particulier l'importance que peuvent avoir ces immobilisations dans le cas des reacteurs surregenerateurs. (auteur)

The balancing act between the constitutional right to strike and the constitutional right to education

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H J (Jaco Deacon

2014-06-01

Full Text Available While the South African Constitution enshrines both children's right to a basic education and teachers' right to strike, conflict between these two often occurs when the way in which teachers' unions conduct strike actions detracts from learners' education. This article identifies the parties affected by industrial action in the school context, and then proceeds to examine educators' right to strike as defined by the provisions of the Labour Relations Act. The unique implications of picketing in the education environment are then discussed, covering relevant questions such as where pickets may be held, the issue of picketing rules as well as unprotected pickets. Even though we are faced with a qualified right to strike as opposed to an unqualified right to education, the South African reality seems to be that striking teachers are handled with kid gloves. It is therefore concluded that the vast range of existing laws regulating protest action should be applied more effectively. One of the most important aspects should be the picketing rules, which should clearly determine whether picketing in fact contributes to resolution of the dispute, and how learners' interests and rights may best be actualised.

PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ COGNITIVE STRUCTURES CONCERNING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND THEIR DEGREE OF UNDERSTANDING

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Cem Gerçek

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of education is to actualise meaningful learning. Therefore, researching the issues on how students process information and how they configure it is important for meaningful learning. The issue of protein synthesis contains a number of abstract topics and concepts. Hence, it is important in biology teaching to be informed of students’ cognitive structures concerning protein synthesis. This research aims to analyse prospective teachers’ cognitive structures about protein synthesis and their degree of understanding the subject. The research group was composed of 17 volunteering prospective teachers who had been chosen through purposeful sampling. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Flow maps and content analysis were used in analysing the data. The results demonstrated that prospective teachers had too many misconceptions about protein synthesis and that their knowledge extent and rich connection are inadequate. The prospective teachers’ degree of understanding protein synthesis was divided into three categories. The results obtained in this research suggested that teachers should be careful in teaching the subject of protein synthesis. Students’ prior knowledge and their misconceptions should be determined and content or contexts to facilitate them to learn an abstract subject such as protein synthesis should be presented.

Auto-trilevel versus bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation for hypercapnic overlap syndrome patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Mei; Huai, De; Cao, Juan; Ning, Ding; Xue, Rong; Xu, Meijie; Huang, Mao; Zhang, Xilong

2018-03-01

, morning PaCO 2 , and daytime Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Compared with the parameters before PAP therapies, during each mode of PAP treatment, significant reduction was detected in nocturnal AHI, arousal index, morning PaCO 2 , and daytime ESS while significant elevation was revealed in nocturnal minSpO 2 and sleep efficiency (all P auto-trilevel PAP mode could result in the lowest arousal index, daytime ESS, and the highest sleep efficiency. Compared with Bilevel-1, it was detected that (a) AHI was lower but minSpO 2 was higher in both Bilevel-2 and auto-trilevel (all P auto-trilevel but displayed higher in Bilevel-2 (P auto-trilevel, both AHI and minSpO 2 showed no obvious changes (all P > 0.05) except with a lower morning PaCO 2 (P Auto-trilevel PAP therapy was superior over conventional Bilevel PAP therapy for hypercapnic OS patients with their OSAS moderate to severe, since auto-trilevel PAP was more efficacious in synchronous elimination of residual obstructive apnea events and CO 2 retention as well as in obtaining a better sleep quality and milder daytime drowsiness.

Prevalence and risk factors associated to Eimeria spp. infection in unweaned alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Southern Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz, Pablo; Panadero, Rosario; López, Rosalía; Cordero, Aida; Pérez-Creo, Ana; López, Ceferino M; Fernández, Gonzalo; Díez-Baños, Pablo; Morrondo, Patrocinio

2016-01-01

A total of 350 faecal samples from unweaned alpacas over 3 months of age were collected from 23 herds in order to determine the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Southern Peru and to identify the risk factors associated to Eimeria infection in young alpacas. Samples were examined by a flotation technique and the identification of risk factors was assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Sixty four percent of the examined animals shed Eimeria oocysts; herd prevalence was 96%, with an intra-herd prevalence of 60% (range 5.9-100%). Five different Eimeria species were identified, being E. lamae (91%), E. alpacae (87%) and E. punoensis (78%) the most prevalent; E. macusaniensis (35%) and E. ivitaensis (13%) were less common. Mixed-species infections were more frequent (78%) than single infections (22%). E. lamae was the most common monospecific infection and E. lamae/E. alpacae the most frequent association. The geographical area has a significant effect on Eimeria infection rates (74.9% wet Puna vs 37.4% dry Puna) as well as the breeding system (65.1% traditional vs 63.8% modern). In contrast, the sex of the animals (64.6% males vs 64.0% females) showed no influence on the prevalence of infection by Eimeria. The high prevalence found at both individual and herd level and the common presence of highly pathogenic Eimeria species may lead to important economic losses for alpaca breeders and could require the implementation of suitable control measures.

Expression and localization of nerve growth factor (NGF in the testis of alpaca (llama pacos

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Changsheng Dong

2011-04-01

Full Text Available During alpaca testis development and spermatogenesis, nerve growth factor (NGF may play an important role. The main aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of NGF in the alpaca testis, and to discuss the important role of NGF in alpaca reproductive characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining technique and real-time PCR were used. The expression of NGF in the same cells one-month old (newborn alpacas 12-month, and 24-month old alpacas showed significant differences (p < 0.05; 12- and 24-month old alpacas showed no significant differences (p > 0.05; NGF at different cell stages showed no significant differences (p > 0.05. It suggests that NGF may be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, which provides direct evidence for NGF action in the alpaca testis during postnatal development and spermatogenesis. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 55–61