Decisional conflict among women considering antidepressant medication use in pregnancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Walton, Georgia D; Ross, Lori E; Stewart, Donna E; Grigoriadis, Sophie; Dennis, Cindy-Lee; Vigod, Simone

2014-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine decision-making among women considering antidepressant medication use in pregnancy. Decisional conflict was assessed using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) among pregnant women considering antidepressant medication treatment (N = 40). Overall DCS and subscale scores were compared between women who were antidepressant users and non-users. Semi-structured interviews (N = 10) explored barriers and facilitators of decision-making. Twenty-one women (52 %) had moderate or high decisional conflict (DCS ≥ 25). Overall DCS scores did not differ between groups, but antidepressant use was associated with feeling more adequately informed (subscale mean 17.5, SD 17.9 vs. 42.1, SD 23.8, p = 0.001) and clear about values (subscale mean 16.7, SD 15.1 vs. 29.8, SD 24.0, p = 0.043). Barriers to decision-making were (1) difficulty weighing maternal versus infant health, (2) lack of high quality information, (3) negative external influences, and (4) emotional reactions to decision-making. Facilitators were (1) interpersonal supports, (2) accessible subspecialty care, and (3) severe depressive symptoms. Many pregnant women facing decisions regarding antidepressant medication use experience decisional conflict. Interventions that provide accurate information, assistance with weighing risks and benefits of treatment, management of problematic external influences, and emotional support may reduce decisional conflict and facilitate the decision-making process.

On risk and decisional capacity.

Science.gov (United States)

Checkland, D

2001-02-01

Limits to paternalism are, in the liberal democracies, partially defined by the concepts of decision-making capacity/incapacity (mental competence/incompetence). The paper is a response to Ian Wilks's (1997) recent attempt to defend the idea that the standards for decisional capacity ought to vary with the degree of risk incurred by certain choices. Wilks's defense is based on a direct appeal to the logical features of examples and analogies, thus attempting to by-pass earlier criticisms (e.g., Culver & Gert, 1990) of risk-based standards. Wilks's argument is found wanting on the grounds that he misconstrues the logic of such capacity, especially in accounting for conceptual and pragmatic ties with issues of decisional authority. A diagnosis is offered as to the source of Wilks's error (the assumption that mental competence is a species of wider genus of "competence"), and an alternative way of accounting for risk within the predominant contemporary legal framework is sketched.

Decisional Procrastination in Academic Settings: The Role of Metacognitions and Learning Strategies

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Valeria de Palo

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, university students suffer from a broad range of problems, such as educational underachievement or the inability to control themselves, that lead to procrastination as a consequence. The present research aimed at analyzing the determinants of decisional procrastination among undergraduate students and at assessing a path model in which self regulated learning strategies mediated the relationship between metacognitive beliefs about procrastination and decisional procrastination. 273 students from Southern Italy filled out a questionnaire composed by: the socio-demographic section, the Metacognitive Beliefs About Procrastination Questionnaire, the procrastination subscale of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, and the Anxiety, the Time Management, and the Information Processing subscales of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory. Results showed that the relationship between negative and positive metacognitive beliefs about procrastination and decisional procrastination was mediated only by time management and anxiety. Such findings underlined the crucial role played by learning strategies in predicting the tendency to delay decisional situations and in mediating the relationship between metacognitive beliefs about procrastination and decisional procrastination.

Decisional Conflict: Relationships Between and Among Family Context Variables in Cancer Survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Jung-Won; Shon, En-Jung

2016-07-01

To investigate the relationships among life stress, family functioning, family coping, reliance on formal and informal resources, and decisional conflict in cancer survivors. 
. Cross-sectional.
. Participants were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program, hospital registries, and community agencies in southern California and Cleveland, Ohio. 
. 243 European American, African American, Chinese American, and Korean American cancer survivors diagnosed with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer.
. The merged data from an ethnically diverse cohort of cancer survivors participating in the two survey studies were used. Standardized measures were used to identify family context variables and decisional conflict. 
. Life stress, family functioning, family coping, reliance on formal and informal resources, and decisional conflict.
. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that life stress was significantly associated with decisional conflict. Family functioning significantly mediated the impact of life stress on decisional conflict through family coping. Reliance on formal and informal resources moderated the relationships among the study variables. 
. The role of the family context, which includes family functioning and coping, on decisional conflict is important in the adjustment process to make high-quality decisions in cancer survivorship care. 
. Findings present nursing practice and research implications that highlight the need for efforts to encourage and support family involvement in the decision-making process and to enhance cancer survivors' adjustment process.

A longitudinal study investigating the role of decisional conflicts and regret and short-term psychological adjustment after IVF treatment failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Celia Hoi Yan; Lau, Hi Po Bobo; Tam, Michelle Yi Jun; Ng, Ernest Hung Yu

2016-12-01

What is the relationship between decisional conflict, decisional regret and psychological well-being in women following unsuccessful IVF cycles? The mediating effect of decisional regret on the relationship between decisional conflict and fertility-related quality of life (FRQOL) has been found to be moderated by the availability (versus absence) of frozen embryos after an unsuccessful IVF cycle. Infertility treatment is marked by its open-ended nature. Stresses in treatment decision-making could be aggravated by a culture which honours families through procreation. While studies have investigated treatment-related decision-making among infertile women, little is known about the mental health consequences of decisional conflict and decisional regret following an unsuccessful IVF cycle. A study was conducted over a 3-month period with infertile women who had recently experienced a failed IVF cycle (T 0 ). Decisional conflict when they decided on terminating or continuing treatment (T 1 ) and decisional regret 3 months later (T 2 ) were measured. Participants reported their levels of depression, anxiety and FRQOL at three time points. A total of 151 participants completed all time points (attrition rate: 39%). The average age of participants was 37.2 years, and they had had 1.1 cycles (range: 0-8) on average at the time of study intake. The duration of the study was 2 years. Participants were infertile women who were not pregnant following an IVF cycle recruited from a university-affiliated assisted reproduction centre. Following the notification of a negative pregnancy result, patients were invited to complete measures of FRQOL, depression and anxiety across three time points and decisional conflict and decisional regret at T 1 and T 2 respectively. Decisional regret partially mediated the effect of decisional conflict on overall and treatment-specific FRQOL (P IVF cycle (P IVF cycle. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the psychological ramifications of

32 CFR 865.121 - Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries. 865.121 Section 865.121 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF... Board § 865.121 Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries. Former members of the Air...

Decisiones estratégicas desde una perspectiva empresarial

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Argelio Antonio Hidalgo Ávila

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La toma de decisiones es la actividad fundamental que desempeñan los administradores de empresas y en la actualidad se enfrentan a retos constantes y cambios del entorno. El objetivo de la investigación es mostrar el uso de herramientas cuantitativas, como el principio de Pareto y el análisis del umbral de rentabilidad, en la toma de decisiones empresariales, partiendo del conocimiento de los diferentes tipos de decisiones y sus elementos constitutivos. Se utilizó el enfoque basado en el método científico de problemas de gestión y decisión en la empresa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo, a través de la aplicación de estas dos herramientas, se pueden establecer las diferentes estrategias de comercialización, distribución, control de inventarios, planes de ventas, que contribuyen al desarrollo del pensamiento estratégico, de capacidades y ventajas competitivas que garantizan el éxito y la supervivencia de la empresa a largo plazo.

Modelo interrelacionado de decisiones

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Edwin Haramoto Nishikimoto

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Propone la implementación de un sistema interrelacionado de decisiones que permita superar los problemas que enfrentan los agentes que participan en las áreas de trabajo involucradas en la acción habitacional. Para estos describe cuatro modelos (habitacional, de decisión, de información y de alternativas habitacionales que permiten ordenar, relacionar, agrupar y jerarquizar todos los componentes del proceso habitacional

Does decisional conflict differ across race and ethnicity groups? A study of parents whose children have a life-threatening illness.

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, Caprice; Sberna-Hinojosa, Melanie; Baron-Lee, Jacqueline; Curtis, Charlotte; Huang, I-Chan

2014-05-01

Children with life-threatening illnesses and their families may face a myriad of medical decisions in their lifetimes. Oftentimes these complicated medical decisions cause disagreements among patients, families, and providers about what is the best course of action. Although no evidence exists, it is possible that conflict may affect subgroups of the population differently. This study aims to investigate how decisional conflict varies among racial and ethnic subgroups. Two hundred sixty-six surveys were completed with parents whose children have a life-threatening illness. All children lived in Florida and were enrolled in the Medicaid program. The Decisional Conflict Scale, overall and broken down into its five distinct subscales, was used to assess parental decision-making. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Subgroup analyses were conducted on Latino respondents. Our bivariate results suggest that minority parents report less Effective Decision Making (pracial and ethnic differences in decisional conflict of parents of children with life-threatening illnesses. Significant differences exist by race, ethnicity, language spoken, and diagnosis time across several subdomains of decisional conflict. These differences are important to address when creating clinical care plans, engaging in shared decision-making, and creating interventions to alleviate decisional conflict.

Automatización Fuzzy aplicado en la contabilidad decisional

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Jaime Tinto Arandes

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la automatización en los instrumentos que la teoría de la incertidumbre contiene, dentro de las ciencias contables como herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones debido a la necesidad de darle al área contable una visión predictiva y dinámica. Con ello se pretende ir introduciendo los conceptos de la teoría de la incertidumbre para la construcción de los balances previsionales de situación y unos estados previsionales de resultados, donde quede atrapada toda la incertidumbre reinante en un horizonte de mediano y largo plazo para la correcta toma de decisiones. Para ello, es necesario partir del dato contable actual cierto, plasmado en los balances generales de la empresa y en los estados de resultados financieros, técnicas como el expertizaje y el contra-expertizaje, entre otras. Palabras clave: Modelo, contabilidad decisional, construcción.

Instrumentos Fuzzy para la toma de decisiones en las ciencias contables

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Jaime Tinto Arandes

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la teoría de la incertidumbre dentro de las Ciencias Contables como elemento fundamental para la toma de decisiones, donde surge la necesidad de dar una visión predictiva y dinámica al área contable. Se pretende partir del dato contable actual cierto, plasmado en los balances generales de la empresa y en los estados de resultados financieros, por medio de las técnicas del expertizaje y contra-expertizaje, Se ha logrado la construcción de unos balances provisionales de situación y unos estados provisionales de resultados, donde quede plasmada toda la incertidumbre reinante en un horizonte de mediano y largo plazo para la correcta toma de decisiones. Se busca que el contador sea capaz de crear modelos para la toma de decisiones a futuro, convirtiéndose en uno de los decisores indispensables que requieran las empresas en un mundo de continuos cambios. Palabras clave: Análisis, toma de decisiones, conocimiento, incertidumbre.

CONOCIMIENTO PROCEDIMENTAL Y PERFIL DECISIONAL DE JUGADORES DE VOLEIBOL DE CATEGORÍA INFANTIL

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Fernando Claver Rabaz

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El proceso de toma de decisiones ha sido explicado desde diversas perspectivas. Desde la psicología cognitiva se ha enfatizado la importancia de los procesos cognitivos y decisionales durante la acción deportiva, en tareas, fundamentalmente, de alta complejidad táctica, señalando al conocimiento táctico como elemento que orienta el proceso y que posibilita la adecuación de los planes de acción a la situación de juego.El proceso de toma de decisiones no solamente debe ser estudiado desde un punto de vista cognitivo, sino también desde una perspectiva afectiva. Al tomar una decisión, influirá tanto el conocimiento o la capacidad de captar lo más relevante de la situación en la que se encuentra el jugador, como el factor emocional, la fase de competición o las consecuencias de las decisiones, ya que la mayoría de las decisiones suponen riesgo. Se considera necesario analizar la toma de decisiones no como simple selección de la respuesta, sino atendiendo también a la complejidad e incertidumbre que genera la propia decisión en cada sujeto (Becker, 2001.Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento procedimental y el perfil decisional de jugadores del voleibol de categoría infantil.

Interpreting patient decisional conflict scores: behavior and emotions in decisions about treatment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knops, Anouk M.; Goossens, Astrid; Ubbink, Dirk T.; Legemate, Dink A.; Stalpers, Lukas J.; Bossuyt, Patrick M.

2013-01-01

Patient decision aids facilitate treatment decisions. They are often evaluated in terms of their effect on decisional conflict, as measured by the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). It is unclear to what extent lower DCS scores are accompanied by observable patient behavior or emotions. To help

Decisional strategy determines whether frame influences treatment preferences for medical decisions.

Science.gov (United States)

Woodhead, Erin L; Lynch, Elizabeth B; Edelstein, Barry A

2011-06-01

Decision makers are influenced by the frame of information such that preferences vary depending on whether survival or mortality data are presented. Research is inconsistent as to whether and how age impacts framing effects. This paper presents two studies that used qualitative analyses of think-aloud protocols to understand how the type of information used in the decision making process varies by frame and age. In Study 1, 40 older adults, age 65 to 89, and 40 younger adults, age 18 to 24, responded to a hypothetical lung cancer scenario in a within-subject design. Participants received both a survival and mortality frame. Qualitative analyses revealed that two main decisional strategies were used by all participants: one strategy reflected a data-driven decisional process, whereas the other reflected an experience-driven process. Age predicted decisional strategy, with older adults less likely to use a data-driven strategy. Frame interacted with strategy to predict treatment choice; only those using a data-driven strategy demonstrated framing effects. In Study 2, 61 older adults, age 65 to 98, and 63 younger adults, age 18 to 30, responded to the same scenarios as in Study 1 in a between-subject design. The results of Study 1 were replicated, with age significantly predicting decisional strategy and frame interacting with strategy to predict treatment choice. Findings suggest that framing effects may be more related to decisional strategy than to age. (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

La Táctica deportiva y la toma de decisiones

OpenAIRE

López Ros, Víctor; Sargatal, Jordi; Jiménez Sánchez, Ana Concepción; Mouchet, Alain; Castejón Oliva, Francisco Javier; Terrisse, André; Lago Peñas, Carlos

2010-01-01

Este libro recoge las conferencias de las IV Jornadas de la Cátedra de Deporte y Educación Física de la UdG y I Seminario Internacional de táctica y técnica deportiva, dedicadas a "la táctica deportiva y la toma de decisiones ". En el planteamiento de este libro el lector encontrará, fundamentalmente, ideas y reflexiones alrededor del proceso de la toma de decisiones en los deportes colectivos. Desde nuestro punto de vista, este tema es especialmente trascendente en la comunidad científica de...

Parental Decisional Regret after Primary Distal Hypospadias Repair: Family and Surgery Variables, and Repair Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghidini, Filippo; Sekulovic, Sasa; Castagnetti, Marco

2016-03-01

Decisional regret is defined as distress after making a health care choice and can be an issue for parents electing distal hypospadias repair for their sons. We assessed the influence on decisional regret of variables related to the family, surgery and outcomes. Charts for 372 patients undergoing primary distal hypospadias repair between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed, and validated questionnaires, including the Decisional Regret Scale, Pediatric Penile Perception Score and Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System, were administered to parents. Data were available for 172 of 372 families (response rate 46.2%). Of 323 parents 128 (39.6%) presented with moderately strong decisional regret, with good agreement within couples. Predictors of decisional regret included intermediate parental educational level (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.52-6.69), patient not being the first born (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.07-3.78), family history of hypospadias (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.96-9.97), initial desire to avoid surgery (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.04-4.12), younger age at followup (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.91), presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.53-15.81) and lower Pediatric Penile Perception Score (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99). Decisional regret was unrelated to parental desire to avoid circumcision, surgical variables, development of complications and duration of followup. Decisional regret is a problem in a significant proportion of parents electing distal hypospadias repair for their sons. In our experience family variables seemed to be predictors of decisional regret, while surgical variables did not. Predictors of decisional regret included worse parental perception of penile appearance and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms. However, the latter could be unrelated to surgery. Irrespective of the duration of followup, decisional regret seems decreased in parents of older patients. Copyright © 2016 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc

Demencia tipo Alzheimer, deterioro cognitivo y toma de decisiones

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Aurora Moreno

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es el de conocer cómo es la toma de decisiones en la Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA en situaciones de incertidumbre, si se manifiesta la tendencia al riesgo o no, y la relación que guarda la ejecución con el status cognitivo en cada una de las áreas evaluadas por los test de cribado del deterioro cognitivo propios de las demencias. Participaron 10 pacientes con DTA, y comparados con 10 sujetos controles. Se utilizó la Prueba Cartas (basada en la Iowa Gambling Task, donde los sujetos deben elegir entre varias opciones que entrañan más o menos riesgo, y una batería de cribado del deterioro cognitivo. Los resultados reflejaron que los sujetos con DTA en etapas iniciales presentan cierta tendencia al riesgo en las decisiones que toman y no desarrollan patrones estratégicos de elección. Parece que el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de afectación en las distintas áreas se relaciona con la forma en que toman decisiones.

Emociones, toma de decisiones y consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios

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Yanina Michelini

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Según la hipótesis del marcador somático, la toma de decisiones resulta adaptativa cuando los procesos emocionales se integran a la actividad cognitiva. La primacía del sistema afectivo sobre el control cognitivo en los jóvenes se relaciona con una toma de decisiones en función de la gratificación inmediata, sin tener en cuenta posibles consecuencias perjudiciales futuras. El consumo intensivo de alcohol, muy frecuente en los jóvenes, se asocia a una acrecentada toma de decisiones desadaptativa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la toma de decisiones en jóvenes de ambos sexos consumidores moderados e intensivos de alcohol, según el tipo de inducción emocional a la que fueron expuestos. Mediante un diseño factorial con pre- y postest, se estudió la toma de decisiones en 79 participantes de 18 a 29 años, antes y después de la inducción emocional positiva o negativa. Para evaluar la toma de decisiones, se administraron las pruebas Iowa Gambling Task y Cognitive Bias Task. Para inducir emociones se utilizaron fragmentos de películas. Además, se registró la frecuencia cardíaca durante la experimentación. Como resultado, se encontró que las mujeres inducidas negativamente y los hombres inducidos positivamente obtuvieron peor rendimiento en la Iowa Gambling Task. La frecuencia cardíaca disminuyó durante las sesiones experimentales respecto del periodo basal. Los consumidores intensivos tuvieron peor rendimiento en la Cognitive Bias Task respecto de los consumidores moderados. Se concluye que la experiencia emocional y el tipo de consumo de alcohol influyen sobre la toma de decisiones en los jóvenes universitarios.

Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje en agentes artificiales inteligentes

OpenAIRE

Ferretti, Edgardo; Sosa Toranzo, Cecilia; Aguirre, Guillermo; Loyola, Juan Martín; Cagnina, Leticia; Errecalde, Marcelo Luis

2016-01-01

Este artículo describe, brevemente, las tareas de investigación y desarrollo que se están llevando a cabo en la línea de investigación “Toma de decisiones y aprendizaje automático” en el marco del proyecto “Aprendizaje automático y toma de decisiones en sistemas inteligentes para la Web”. Esta línea se centra en la formalización, diseño y desarrollo de modelos formales y mecanismos para la implementación de sistemas basados en Agentes Inteligentes. En particular, se hace especial hincapié en ...

Regulating Emotions during Difficult Multiattribute Decision Making: The Role of Pre-Decisional Coherence Shifting.

Science.gov (United States)

Carpenter, Stephanie M; Yates, J Frank; Preston, Stephanie D; Chen, Lydia

2016-01-01

Almost all real-life decisions entail attribute conflict; every serious choice alternative is better than its competitors on some attribute dimensions but worse on others. In pre-decisional "coherence shifting," the decision maker gradually softens that conflict psychologically to the point where one alternative is seen as dominant over its competitors, or nearly so. Specifically, weaknesses of the eventually chosen alternative come to be perceived as less severe and less important while its strengths seem more desirable and significant. The research described here demonstrates that difficult multiattribute decision problems are aversive and that pre-decisional coherence shifting aids individuals in regulating that emotional discomfort. Across three studies, attribute conflict was confirmed to be aversive (Study 1), and skin conductance responses and ratings of decision difficulty both decreased in participants who coherence shifted (Study 2). Coherence shifting was also diminished among decision makers who were depleted of regulatory resources, known to be required for common emotion regulation mechanisms. Further, coherence shifting was shown to be relatively common among people who reported strong suppression tendencies in everyday emotion regulation (Study 3). Overall, the data suggest that, at least in part, coherence shifting serves as a tool that helps decision makers manage the pre-decisional discomfort generated by attribute conflict. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Personalidad y toma de decisiones vocacionales en universitarios

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Cabrera, Lidia

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones entre la personalidad y la toma de decisiones vocacionales en estudiantes universitarios. La hipótesis de partida es que la personalidad eficaz está asociada a un proceso de toma de decisiones vocacionales más maduro. Para ello se administró el Cuestionario de Personalidad Eficiente y el Inventario de Factores Vocacionales a 497 estudiantes de último y penúltimo curso de carrera. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones constitutivas de la decisión vocacional en grupos extremos de alta y baja personalidad eficiente. Los resultados confirman que la personalidad eficaz está vinculada a una toma de decisión vocacional más basada en el conocimiento óptimo tanto de sí mismo como del mercado laboral.

Sesgos presentes en la toma de decisiones de los gerentes y equipos gerenciales en Lima, Perú

OpenAIRE

Galdós Jiménez, Walter Gonzalo

2010-01-01

El ambiente actual de negocios en el Perú, las empresas, frente a la complejidad de las decisiones, promueven en forma creciente decisiones individuales más rigurosas y decisiones en equipo, sobre la premisa que en conjunto, los seres humanos alcanzan un nivel más alto de racionalidad. Se han identificado una serie de fallas en la forma en que pensamos al tomar decisiones. Algunas, como la heurística por claridad, son concepciones sensoriales erradas. Otras toman la forma de se...

Regulating Emotions during Difficult Multiattribute Decision Making: The Role of Pre-Decisional Coherence Shifting.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephanie M Carpenter

Full Text Available Almost all real-life decisions entail attribute conflict; every serious choice alternative is better than its competitors on some attribute dimensions but worse on others. In pre-decisional "coherence shifting," the decision maker gradually softens that conflict psychologically to the point where one alternative is seen as dominant over its competitors, or nearly so. Specifically, weaknesses of the eventually chosen alternative come to be perceived as less severe and less important while its strengths seem more desirable and significant. The research described here demonstrates that difficult multiattribute decision problems are aversive and that pre-decisional coherence shifting aids individuals in regulating that emotional discomfort. Across three studies, attribute conflict was confirmed to be aversive (Study 1, and skin conductance responses and ratings of decision difficulty both decreased in participants who coherence shifted (Study 2. Coherence shifting was also diminished among decision makers who were depleted of regulatory resources, known to be required for common emotion regulation mechanisms. Further, coherence shifting was shown to be relatively common among people who reported strong suppression tendencies in everyday emotion regulation (Study 3. Overall, the data suggest that, at least in part, coherence shifting serves as a tool that helps decision makers manage the pre-decisional discomfort generated by attribute conflict. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Decisional Bias as Implicit Moral Judgment

Science.gov (United States)

Spring, Toni; Saltzstein, Herbert D.

2017-01-01

Decisional bias (false alarm rate) when judging the guilt/innocence of a suspect is offered as an implicit measure of moral judgment. Combining two data sets, 215 participants, ages 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 watched the visually identical film involving a person setting a fire, framed either as (1) intentional but not resulting in a fire (BI-NF),…

Decisional Procrastination in Academic Settings: The Role of Metacognitions and Learning Strategies

OpenAIRE

de Palo, Valeria; Monacis, Lucia; Miceli, Silvana; Sinatra, Maria; Di Nuovo, Santo

2017-01-01

Nowadays, university students suffer from a broad range of problems, such as educational underachievement or the inability to control themselves, that lead to procrastination as a consequence. The present research aimed at analyzing the determinants of decisional procrastination among undergraduate students and at assessing a path model in which self regulated learning strategies mediated the relationship between metacognitive beliefs about procrastination and decisional procrastination. 273 ...

Modelo decisional proactivo en sistemas ecológicos (modepec.

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Pedro Tolón Estarelles

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas económicos y sociales son de tipo ecológico, y se pueden enmarcar en modelos de sistemas complejos de tipo DYSES (Dynamic Social and Economic Systems. No son  explicables o predecibles satisfactoriamente  con modelos determinísticos, pues, en general obedecen a procesos evolutivos de carácter estocástico, respondiendo en su interacción con el medio al segundo principio de la termodinámica en el sentido de la irreversibilidad (falta de simetría temporal y aumento de la entropía. MODEPEC © es un modelo que postula una metodología que asegura  un proceso  de formulación de criterios  para mejorar continuamente la calidad en la toma  de decisiones en sistemas ecológico-social-económicos. Los conceptos esenciales del modelo se enuncian seguidamente: 1-. Existencia de una Ecuación de Estado (EE Un sistema ecológico tiene un  comportamiento dinámico posible de ser representado mediante una ecuación de estado en cualquier intervalo de tiempo dado. 2-. Estimación de una política óptima (PO Es posible estimar  un conjunto óptimo de decisiones (política óptima. 3-. Contrato sobre estado deseable  (CED En la comunidad  social y económica de tipo ecológico, es posible acordar un diseño de estado ideal deseable, constituido a partir de un contrato sustentable a largo plazo entre las partes. 4-. Genotipo Decisional Planificado (GDP Es posible establecer un proceso racional de toma de decisiones, en este caso, el Genotipo Decisional Planificado  (GDP; capaz de asegurar niveles crecientes de calidad en la determinación de criterios para evaluación y adopción de cursos de acción en pos del logro de un estado deseado (ED tomado como propósito o contrato. The economic and social systems are of ecological type, and they are possible to be framed in models of complex systems of type SDES (Social Dynamic and Economic Systems. They are not explicable or predictable satisfactorily with deterministic models, then

Mapping the Decision-Making Process for Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer: The Role of Decisional Resolve.

Science.gov (United States)

Beryl, Louise L; Rendle, Katharine A S; Halley, Meghan C; Gillespie, Katherine A; May, Suepattra G; Glover, Jennifer; Yu, Peter; Chattopadhyay, Runi; Frosch, Dominick L

2017-01-01

Studies show adjuvant endocrine therapy increases survival and decreases risk of breast cancer recurrence for hormone receptor-positive tumors. Yet studies also suggest that adherence rates among women taking this therapy may be as low as 50% owing largely to adverse side effects. Despite these rates, research on longitudinal patient decision making regarding this therapy is scant. We sought to map the decision-making process for women considering and initiating adjuvant endocrine therapy, paying particular attention to patterns of uncertainty and decisional change over time. A longitudinal series of semistructured interviews conducted at a multispecialty health care organization in Northern California with 35 newly diagnosed patients eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy were analyzed. Analysis led to the identification and indexing of 3 new decision-making constructs-decisional phase, decisional direction, and decisional resolve-which were then organized using a visual matrix and examined for patterns characterizing the decision-making process. Our data reveal that most patients do not make a single, discrete decision to take or not take hormone therapy but rather traverse multiple decisional states, characterized by 1) phase, 2) direction, and 3) strength of resolve. Our analysis tracks these decisional states longitudinally using a grayscale-coded matrix. Our data show that decisional resolve wavers not just when considering therapy, as the existing concept of decisional conflict suggests, but even after initiating it, which may signal future decisions to forgo therapy. Adjuvant endocrine therapy, like other chronic care decisions, has a longer decision-making process and implementation period. Thus, theoretical, empirical, and clinical approaches should consider further exploring the new concept and measurement of decisional resolve, as it may help to improve subsequent medication adherence. © The Author(s) 2016.

Language of Uncertainty: the Expression of Decisional Conflict Related to Skin Cancer Prevention Recommendations.

Science.gov (United States)

Strekalova, Yulia A; James, Vaughan S

2017-09-01

User-generated information on the Internet provides opportunities for the monitoring of health information consumer attitudes. For example, information about cancer prevention may cause decisional conflict. Yet posts and conversations shared by health information consumers online are often not readily actionable for interpretation and decision-making due to their unstandardized format. This study extends prior research on the use of natural language as a predictor of consumer attitudes and provides a link to decision-making by evaluating the predictive role of uncertainty indicators expressed in natural language. Analyzed data included free-text comments and structured scale responses related to information about skin cancer prevention options. The study identified natural language indicators of uncertainty and showed that it can serve as a predictor of decisional conflict. The natural indicators of uncertainty reported here can facilitate the monitoring of health consumer perceptions about cancer prevention recommendations and inform education and communication campaign planning and evaluation.

BCG-vaccination of newborns – a descriptive study about shared decision making and decisional conflicts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thybo Pihl, Gitte

BCG-vaccination of newborns – a descriptive study about shared decision making and decisional conflicts Objective: To evaluate the use of shared decision making to support the parent in a low-evidence decision about a vaccine when using telephone consultations. The present study was conducted........ The principles included promoting trust through transparency and creating “shared minds” regarding uncertainties about the evidence. O’Connor’s Decisional Conflict Scale was used to identify decisional conflicts after the process of shared decision making. Findings: A decisional conflict score was obtained...... on the phone based on their need and wishes, this uncertainty about the best choice might reflect the principle of letting parents make an autonomous decision in combination with low evidence for the benefits of BCG. The process of sharing responsibility and the impact of the health care providers’ attitude...

Es la intuición un método para la toma de decisiones gerencial

OpenAIRE

Castro Luna, Andrés Guillermo; Camejo Ariza, John Jairo

2013-01-01

El presente trabajo evalúa la toma de decisiones desde el punto de vista descriptivo, exploratorio, dado que no existe un estado del arte al respecto ni estudios que permitan determinar si la toma de decisiones gerencial es intuitiva. Se elaboró una encuesta con 4 variables cada una describiendo un método de toma de decisiones entre los que se operacionalizaron el racional, intuitivo, experiencial y holístico; para determinar el estilo de decisión en cargos gerenciales de la ciudad de Bogotá....

Consumer control in service recovery: beyond decisional control

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Joosten, H.W.M.; Bloemer, J.M.M.; Hillebrand, B.

2017-01-01

PURPOSE - Focusing on decisional control of the outcome provides only a partial picture of how firms may handle customer complaints and ignores many (alternative) opportunities to recover the relationship with the customer when service delivery fails. The purpose of this paper is to introduce other

Decisional Conflict in Parents Considering Bone-Anchored Hearing Devices in Children With Unilateral Aural Atresia.

Science.gov (United States)

Graham, M Elise; Haworth, Rebecca; Chorney, Jill; Bance, Manohar; Hong, Paul

2015-12-01

The benefits of bone-anchored hearing devices (BAHD) in children with unilateral aural atresia are controversial. We sought to determine whether there is parental decisional conflict surrounding elective placement of BAHD for this indication. Caregivers of pediatric patients with unilateral aural atresia and normal contralateral ear undergoing percutaneous BAHD consultation were enrolled. All consultations were carried out by one pediatric otolaryngologist in a consistent manner. After consultation, the participants completed a demographics form and the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) questionnaire. Twenty-three caregivers of 15 male (65.2%) and 8 female (34.8%) children (mean age 5.65 years) participated. The overall median DCS score was 15.63 (standard error = 4.21). Significant decisional conflict (DCS score ≥ 25) was found in 10 participants (43.5%). The median DCS score in the group choosing surgery was 5.47, and it was 23.44 in those who did not choose surgery (Mann-Whitney U = 39, Z = -1.391, P = .164). The median DCS score for mothers and fathers was 25 and 3.91, respectively. Many parents experienced significant decisional conflict when considering percutaneous BAHD surgery in children with unilateral aural atresia in our study population. Future research should explore the impact of decisional conflict on health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2015.

ANÁLISIS DE LAS DECISIONES ESTRATÉGICAS: CASO UNE EPM TELECOMUNICACIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ALICIA MILLÁN VILLANUEVA

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la presencia de ciertos patrones en la formación de la estrategia de la empresa UNE EPM Telecomunicaciones, que han influido en la toma de decisiones. Los referentes teóricos son básicamente tres: Ansoff, Porter y Mintzberg. El análisis se centra en una serie de comparaciones y coincidencias entre la teoría y los hallazgos encontrados, en lo que respecta a comportamientos, resultados y decisiones de la compañía, de donde se logra vislumbrar la estrategia adoptada.

Mariguana y sus efectos sobre el cerebro, la toma de decisiones y la inteligencia. Una revisión narrativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandra E. Ruiz Contreras

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la mariguana es la droga de mayor consumo después del tabaco y el alcohol, a pesar de que está penado utilizar más de cierto gramaje que depende del país; por ejemplo, en México es más de 5 g, lo que indica una alta motivación por conseguir la droga. Uno de los principios activos de la mariguana es el Δ9-tetrahidrocannabinol. Esta molécula afecta al sistema endocannabinoide, provocando cambios en su función y, concomitantemente, en la morfología cerebral. Objetivo: revisar y discutir la evidencia científica del efecto del consumo de mariguana sobre el cerebro, la inteligencia y la toma de decisiones. Método: se consideraron los reportes científicos que abarcan de 2005 a marzo de 2016 encontrados en PubMed, enfocados en los efectos del consumo de mariguana sobre cambios morfológicos cerebrales, la inteligencia y la toma de decisiones. Resultados: dependiendo de la edad de inicio del consumo de mariguana, es posible detectar cambios en el cerebro y la inteligencia, mientras que otras variables como la frecuencia o la cantidad de uso repercuten en la eficiencia para la toma de decisiones. Discusión y conclusiones: estos resultados señalan que 1 el consumo de mariguana afecta la morfología cerebral, la toma de decisiones y la inteligencia; 2 sugieren la potencial participación del sistema endocannabinoide en la toma de decisiones e inteligencia; y 3 dadas las consecuencias, deben alertar al sector salud para promover su prevención y en su momento estar preparados para la rehabilitación.

Motivational interviewing and the decisional balance procedure for cessation induction in smokers not intending to quit.

Science.gov (United States)

Krigel, Susan W; Grobe, James E; Goggin, Kathy; Harris, Kari Jo; Moreno, Jose L; Catley, Delwyn

2017-01-01

The decisional balance (DB) procedure examines the pros and cons of behavior change and was considered a component in early formulations of Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there is controversy and conflicting findings regarding the use of a DB exercise within the treatment of addictions and a need to clarify the role of DB as a component of MI. College tobacco smokers (N=82) with no intentions on quitting were randomly assigned to receive a single counseling session of either Motivational Interviewing using only the decisional balance component (MIDB), or health education around smoking cessation (HE). Assessments were obtained at baseline, immediately post-treatment, 1week, and 4weeks. Compared to HE, the MIDB sessions scored significantly higher on the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale (all standardized differences d>1, pmotivation to quit, quit attempts, and self-reported abstinence, with no significant group differences. Changes in the Pros of smoking were correlated with MITI scores, but not with cessation outcomes. In contrast, increases in the Cons of smoking and therapeutic alliance were predictive of better cessation outcomes. The decisional balance exercise as formulated by earlier versions of MI may be counter-productive and cautions around its use are warranted. Instead, improved cessation outcomes appear associated with increasing perceived benefits of quitting and positive therapeutic alliance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Decisional needs assessment regarding Down syndrome prenatal testing: a systematic review of the perceptions of women, their partners and health professionals.

Science.gov (United States)

St-Jacques, Sylvie; Grenier, Sonya; Charland, Marc; Forest, Jean-Claude; Rousseau, François; Légaré, France

2008-12-01

To identify decisional needs of women, their partners and health professionals regarding prenatal testing for Down syndrome through a systematic review. Articles reporting original data from real clinical situations on sources of difficulty and/or ease in making decisions regarding prenatal testing for Down syndrome were selected. Data were extracted using a taxonomy adapted from the Ottawa Decision-Support Framework and the quality of the studies was assessed using Qualsyst validated tools. In all 40 publications covering 32 unique studies were included. The majority concerned women. The most often reported sources of difficulty for decision-making in women were pressure from others, emotions and lack of information; in partners, emotion; in health professionals, lack of information, length of consultation, and personal values. The most important sources of ease were, in women, personal values, understanding and confidence in the medical system; in partners, personal values, information from external sources, and income; in health professionals, peer support and scientific meetings. Interventions regarding a decision about prenatal testing for Down syndrome should address many decisional needs, which may indeed vary among the parties involved, whether women, their partners or health professionals. Very little is known about the decisional needs of partners and health professionals.

El proceso de Toma de Decisiones en pacientes con Demencia tipo Alzheimer

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Jose R. Alameda

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Tomar decisiones es algo común en nuestra vida y contribuye a la adaptación al medio en que vivimos, por ello es relevante conocer cómo es el proceso de toma de decisiones y las posibles disfunciones que puedan darse a causa de su deterioro. En el caso de los pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer, los problemas en la toma de decisiones parecen incluso ya en fases leves, lo que dificulta la correcta interacción con el entorno, especialmente en situaciones de incertidumbre. Este proceso ha sido analizado desde varios enfoques, siendo la hipótesis del marcador somático y la tarea de la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT uno de los más utilizados. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar la toma de decisiones en pacientes con DTA frente a un grupo de sujetos control, y analizar el tipo de elecciones de ambos grupos en situaciones de incertidumbre mediante la una versión modificada de la IGT, observar si son tendentes al riesgo o no, y la relación que guarda su ejecución con el status cognitivo en cada una de las áreas evaluadas por los tests. Además de la IGT, utilizaremos como test de cribado en demencias el Miniexamen Cognoscitivo de Lobo, Test del Reloj a la Orden y Copia y Test de Fluidez Verbal de Isaacs. En nuestros resultados, los sujetos con DTA presentan una ejecución deficitaria en la IGT, tanto en el cómputo global como en su análisis por bloques, con una estrategia de elección de cartas aleatoria, por lo que podríamos considerar ciertas tendencias al riesgo, si bien su ejecución muestra cierta capacidad de aprendizaje a lo largo de los bloques. Por último, el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de afectación en las distintas áreas analizadas se relacionan con la forma en que toman decisiones los pacientes con DTA.

Desarrollo de sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales

OpenAIRE

Tarifa, Enrique E.; Martínez, Sergio; Domínguez, Samuel Franco; Núñez, Álvaro; Sánchez Rivero, David

2011-01-01

El presente proyecto tiene por objetivo general desarrollar sistemas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en procesos industriales. Estos sistemas son cada vez más necesarios debido a la complejidad creciente de los escenarios planteados por la globalización, la competencia, los avances tecnológicos, los problemas ambientales y sociales, entre otros. La secuencia de procesos requeridos para tomar decisiones es independiente del área particular de aplicación. Esta secuencia es: 1) Identifica...

Estados financieros tradicionales, una limitante en las decisiones gerenciales = Traditional financial reports, a limiting on managerial decisions

OpenAIRE

Carreño Acosta, Azucena

2012-01-01

Tomar decisiones gerenciales en las organizaciones, debe basarse en el estudio o análisis de las distintas herramientas de control de gestión de que se dispone, como son los Estados Financieros, según los Principios de Contabilidad Generalmente Aceptados en Colombia (PCGA) y las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). Sin embargo, frente a las exigencias actuales y a los directivos de hoy, estas herramientas se perciben con cierto grado de vulnerabilidad que no permiten r...

Emociones y toma de decisiones éticas: desarrollo e implicaciones para la empresa

OpenAIRE

Granada Restrepo, Daniel

2015-01-01

Los líderes organizacionales se deben enfrentar a retos ambientales del mundo de los negocios y diversas presiones que los ponen día a día en un alto riesgo ético. Sortear dichos riesgos ha demandado cambios sustanciales en las dinámicas de las organizaciones contemporáneas, por lo que las exigencias a los directivos de tomar decisiones acertadas en situaciones de alta complejidad moral son cada vez mayores. Estas decisiones involucran un comportamiento ético de quien las toma, lo cual a su v...

Aplicación de las opciones reales en la toma de decisiones en los mercados de electricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Isaza Cuervo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas en los mercados de electricidad están sujetas a un alto riesgo e incertidumbre; en consecuencia, las opciones reales aparecen como una alternativa para la toma de decisiones en dichos mercados. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de literatura analizando y clasificando aplicacio- nes de opciones reales sobre decisiones de inversión, operación, y de políticas y programas energéticos. Además se presenta un ejemplo sintético de aplicación teórico utilizando un modelo binomial para incor- porar energía eólica en vez de térmica de acuerdo con la volatilidad de los precios del carbón. Se concluye que las opciones reales permiten tomar mejores decisiones que los métodos tradicionales, pues capturan a través de sus múltiples modelos las diferentes incertidumbres propias de estos mercados.

Aplicación de las opciones reales en la toma de decisiones en los mercados de electricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Isaza Cuervo

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas en los mercados de electricidad están sujetas a un alto riesgo e incertidumbre; en consecuencia, las opciones reales aparecen como una alternativa para la toma de decisiones en dichos mercados. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de literatura analizando y clasificando aplicaciones de opciones reales sobre decisiones de inversión, operación, y de políticas y programas energéticos. Además se presenta un ejemplo sintético de aplicación teórico utilizando un modelo binomial para incorporar energía eólica en vez de térmica de acuerdo con la volatilidad de los precios del carbón. Se concluye que las opciones reales permiten tomar mejores decisiones que los métodos tradicionales, pues capturan a través de sus múltiples modelos las diferentes incertidumbres propias de estos mercados.

Influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reyna Isabel Hernández Pedroza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol. Se aplicó un estudio longitudinal, pre-experimental. Se incluyeron 30 adolescentes, previo consentimiento informado de estudiantes y padres. La recolección de datos se realizo con AUDIT, test de conflicto decisional y The Tennessee Self-Concep Scale (TSCS. Se encontró que la edad promedio fue 16.56 ± 0.85 años, 60% hombres, el 100% de los adolescentes presentaron conflicto decisional. El 100% habían consumido alcohol alguna vez en su vida. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el autoconcepto pre y post intervención (p = 0.27, excepto en la dimensión Yo moral (p = 0.01. Se concluye de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la pre y post intervención que la estrategia de intervención tuvo una influencia en la dimensión del autoconcepto Yo Moral del adolescente consumidor de alcohol. Es posible que esto influyera en la percepción de sí mismo al encontrarse con la realidad de que por primera vez consideraba su capacidad o incapacidad para tomar decisiones.

Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care: a participatory systematic mixed studies review protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Bujold, Mathieu; Pluye, Pierre; Légaré, France; Haggerty, Jeannie; Gore, Genevieve C; Sherif, Reem El; Poitras, Marie-Eve; Beaulieu, Marie-Claude; Beaulieu, Marie-Dominique; Bush, Paula L; Couturier, Yves; Débarges, Beatrice; Gagnon, Justin; Giguère, Anik; Grad, Roland; Granikov, Vera; Goulet, Serge; Hudon, Catherine; Kremer, Bernardo; Kröger, Edeltraut; Kudrina, Irina; Lebouché, Bertrand; Loignon, Christine; Lussier, Marie-Therese; Martello, Cristiano; Nguyen, Quynh; Pratt, Rebekah; Rihoux, Benoit; Rosenberg, Ellen; Samson, Isabelle; Senn, Nicolas; Li Tang, David; Tsujimoto, Masashi; Vedel, Isabelle; Ventelou, Bruno; Wensing, Michel

2017-11-12

Patients with complex care needs (PCCNs) often suffer from combinations of multiple chronic conditions, mental health problems, drug interactions and social vulnerability, which can lead to healthcare services overuse, underuse or misuse. Typically, PCCNs face interactional issues and unmet decisional needs regarding possible options in a cascade of interrelated decisions involving different stakeholders (themselves, their families, their caregivers, their healthcare practitioners). Gaps in knowledge, values clarification and social support in situations where options need to be deliberated hamper effective decision support interventions. This review aims to (1) assess decisional needs of PCCNs from the perspective of stakeholders, (2) build a taxonomy of these decisional needs and (3) prioritise decisional needs with knowledge users (clinicians, patients and managers). This review will be based on the interprofessional shared decision making (IP-SDM) model and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Applying a participatory research approach, we will identify potentially relevant studies through a comprehensive literature search; select relevant ones using eligibility criteria inspired from our previous scoping review on PCCNs; appraise quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; conduct a three-step synthesis (sequential exploratory mixed methods design) to build taxonomy of key decisional needs; and integrate these results with those of a parallel PCCNs' qualitative decisional need assessment (semistructured interviews and focus group with stakeholders). This systematic review, together with the qualitative study (approved by the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Service Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ethical committee), will produce a working taxonomy of key decisional needs (ontological contribution), to inform the subsequent user-centred design of a support tool for addressing PCCNs' decisional needs (practical contribution). We will adapt

Discriminación arancelaria y decisiones de localización de las empresas

OpenAIRE

Méndez Naya, José

2006-01-01

El objetivo de trabajo es el de analizar los efectos que los procesos de integración económica entre los países tienen sobre las decisiones se toman en forma estratégica. Se justifica que en este contexto el tradicional argumento "tariff jumping" no siempre es aplicable ya que las decisiones de localización de las empresas dependen, entre otras variables, de la relación que se da entre el grado de discriminación arancelaria y el tamaño del mercado nacional. En concreto, se justifica que los p...

Knowledge, satisfaction with information, decisional conflict and psychological morbidity amongst women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Science.gov (United States)

De Morgan, Simone; Redman, Sally; D'Este, Catherine; Rogers, Kris

2011-07-01

To assess knowledge, satisfaction with information, decisional conflict and psychological morbidity amongst women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to explore the factors associated with less knowledge and greater confusion about DCIS. A cross-sectional survey of women diagnosed with DCIS in Australia (N=144). This study found misunderstanding and confusion amongst women diagnosed with DCIS and a desire for more information about their breast disease. Approximately half of participants worried about their breast disease metastasizing; approximately half expressed high decisional conflict; 12% were anxious and 2% were depressed. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that worry about dying from the breast disease was significantly associated with not knowing that DCIS could not metastasize (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.03-14.25); and confusion about whether DCIS could metastasize was significantly associated with dissatisfaction with information (OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.8-40.2). Good communication about how DCIS differs from invasive breast cancer is essential to alleviating the confusion and worry amongst women with DCIS. Recommendations about how best to communicate a diagnosis of DCIS, including the uncertainties, are needed to guide health professionals to promote better understanding about DCIS and increase the well-being of women with DCIS. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Family caregiver preferences for patient decisional control among Hispanics in the United States and Latin America

Science.gov (United States)

Yennurajalingam, Sriram; Noguera, Antonio; Parsons, Henrique Afonseca; Torres-Vigil, Isabel; Duarte, Eva Rosina; Palma, Alejandra; Bunge, Sofia; Palmer, J. Lynn; Delgado-Guay, Marvin Omar; Bruera, Eduardo

2013-01-01

Background Understanding family caregivers’ decisional role preferences is important for communication, quality of care, and patient and family satisfaction. The family caregiver has an important role in a patient’s decisional role preferences. There are limited studies on family caregivers’ preferences of the patient’s decisional control at the end of life among Hispanics. Aims To identify Hispanic caregivers’ preferences of the decision control of patients with advanced cancer and to compare the preferences of caregivers in Latin America (HLA) and Hispanic American (HUSA) caregivers. Design We surveyed patients and their family caregivers referred to outpatient palliative care clinics in the United States, Chile, Argentina, and Guatemala. Caregiver preferences of patient’s decisional control were evaluated using the Control Preference Scale. Caregivers’ and patients’ socio-demographic variables, patient performance status, and HUSA patient acculturation level was also collected. Participants A total of 387 caregivers were surveyed: 100 (26%) in Chile, 99 (26%) in Argentina, 97 (25%) in Guatemala, and 91 (24%) in the United States. The median age was 56 years, and 59% were female. Results Caregiver preference of patients decisions control was passive, shared, and active by 10 (11%), 45 (52%) and 32 (37%) HUSA caregivers and 54 (19%), 178 (62%) and 55 (19%) HLA caregivers (p=0.0023). Caregiver acculturation level did not affect the preferences of the HUSA sample (p=0.60). Conclusions Most Hispanic family caregivers preferred the patient to make shared decisions. HLA caregivers preferred more frequently patients to assume a passive decisional role. Acculturation did not influence the preferences of HUSA caregivers. PMID:23670718

How to determine decisional capacity in critically ill patients. Presume the patient can make decisions unless proven otherwise.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleming, C; Momin, Z A; Brensilver, J M; Brandstetter, R D

1995-03-01

Decisional capacity includes ability to comprehend information, to make an informed choice, and to communicate that choice; it is specific to the decision at hand. Presume a patient has decisional capacity; an evaluation of incapacity must be justified. Administer a standardized mental status test to help assess alertness, attention, memory, and reasoning ability. A patient scoring below 10 on the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (maximum score, 30) probably does not have decisional capacity; one scoring from 10 to 15 probably can designate a proxy but not make complex health care decisions. Obtain psychiatric consultations for a patient who exhibits psychological barriers to decision making.

Intelligent Decisional Assistant that Facilitate the Choice of a Proper Computer System Applied in Busines

OpenAIRE

Nicolae MARGINEAN

2009-01-01

The choice of a proper computer system is not an easy task for a decider. One reason could be the present market development of computer systems applied in business. The big number of the Romanian market players determines a big number of computerized products, with a multitude of various properties. Our proposal tries to optimize and facilitate this decisional process within an e-shop where are sold IT packets applied in business, building an online decisional assistant, a special component ...

LA POLÍTICA FISCAL Y MONETARIA EN COLOMBIA: UN ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DESDE LA TOMA COORDINADA DE DECISIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Enrique Rodríguez Luna

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este documento se discuten los resultados de un ejercicio de simulación a partir de métodos de la economía experimental y modelado con elementos de la teoría de juegos, en el cual se formuló un juego secuencial que permitió encontrar equilibrios de Nash perfectos en subjuegos entre las decisiones de política monetaria y las decisiones de política #scal en Colombia. Se constató para cada uno de los escenarios planteados en el ejercicio la existencia de equilibrios perfectos en subjuegos en el sentido de Nash, que permitieron develar que la condición de racionalidad maximizadora de los jugadores es el elemento principal a la hora de la toma de decisiones al interior de grupos sociales. Por último, la observación puso en evidencia que las interacciones entre dos agentes están condicionadas por las estrategias que adopte el agente que opere de líder, y que las decisiones del agente seguidor regularmente se basan en criterios cooperativos y de coordinación; en este sentido, se pudo establecer que el Banco de la República determina la manera en la que el Gobierno, respetando los conductos constitucionales, toma sus decisiones de política con el #n de mantener la estabilidad económica del país.

Decisiones al final de la vida en el ordenamiento jurídico español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Larios Risco

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas se torna especialmente complejo durante las últimas fases de las enfermedades irreversibles o terminales. Cuando la decisión del paciente implica un ataque a la propia vida, la autonomía de la voluntad de la persona puede colisionar con el criterio médico o con los límites que impone el Ordenamiento Jurídico. El artículo aborda las diferentes figuras jurídicas em el proceso de toma de decisiones al final de la vida, diferenciando entre las admitidas por la ley (limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico, rechazo al tratamiento, sedación en la agonía y voluntades anticipadas y las prohibidas (auxilio al suicidio y eutanasia com el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación al régimen jurídico de las decisiones al final de la vida en el ordenamiento jurídico español.

Advantages and disadvantages of college drinking in students' own words: content analysis of the decisional balance worksheet.

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, Susan E; Kirouac, Megan; Taylor, Emily; Spelman, Philip J; Grazioli, Véronique; Hoffman, Gail; Haelsig, Laura; Holttum, Jessica; Kanagawa, Ami; Nehru, Mayanka; Hicks, Jennifer

2014-09-01

The decisional balance worksheet (DBW), an open-ended measure of motivation to change, may be used to record the perceived advantages and disadvantages of substance use as well as alternative behaviors. Recent findings have indicated that the open-ended DBW can be quantified to validly reflect college students' level of motivation to reduce their drinking (Collins, Carey, & Otto, 2009). The goal of the current study was to enhance our understanding of college students' perceived advantages and disadvantages of drinking by qualitatively examining the content of their decisional balance. Participants were undergraduate college students at a 4-year university (N = 760) who participated in a randomized controlled trial of online brief motivational interventions. Using the DBW, participants recorded the advantages and disadvantages of their current drinking. Conventional content analysis methods were used to extract common themes. Social, enjoyment, and psychological reasons were the most commonly mentioned advantages of drinking, whereas physical side effects, expense and interference with goals were the most commonly mentioned disadvantages of drinking. These findings show that college students primarily use alcohol for enjoyment, particularly in social situations, as well as for coping with stress and social anxiety. On the other hand, many college students report having physical side effects from drinking as well as other kinds of concerns (e.g., expense, calories). Findings suggest that using the open-ended DBW may result in a more client-centered and accurate representation of what college students perceive as advantages and disadvantages to drinking than established, Likert-scale measures of decisional balance.

erfiles decisionales de jugadores y jugadoras de voleibol de diferente nivel de pericia. (Decisional profiles of volleyball players of different expertise level.

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Virginia García Coll

2009-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa toma de decisiones por parte de los deportistas se viene estudiando como un tipo de habilidad cognitiva. En este estudio se parte de una perspectiva motivacional y emocional de la toma de decisiones en el deporte, que ha recibido una menor atención en la literatura. Se aplica el Cuestionario de Estilos de Toma de Decisión en el Deporte-CETD (Ruiz y Graupera, 2005 que evalúa tres escalas: Competencia Decisional Percibida, Ansiedad y Agobio al Decidir y Compromiso en el Aprendizaje Decisional. Se toma una muestra de 121 jugadoras (76 y jugadores (45 de voleibol de diferente nivel de pericia deportiva: autonómico, nacional e internacional. Los resultados muestran que las escalas del cuestionario tienen una buena fiabilidad cuando se aplican a muestras mono-deportivas. Las jugadoras y jugadores de voleibol tienen un perfil decisional muy similar (no se encuentran diferencias significativas, con una moderada percepción de competencia, baja ansiedad y alto compromiso (perfil en V. Según aumenta el nivel deportivo se incrementa moderadamente el compromiso y la percepción de competencia, mientras que decrece considerablemente la ansiedad ante la toma de decisiones. Como consecuencia el perfil en V del nivel internacional es considerablemente más cerrado que el de los niveles deportivos inferiores. Palabras clave: ansiedad; competencia percibida; decisión; deporte colectivo; pericia deportiva. Abstract Decision making in sport has been studied as a kind of cognitive skill. This study has been developed from a motivacional and emotional point of view and this question has received little attention in the scientific literature. It was applied the Decision Making Style Questionnaire-CETD (Ruiz y Graupera, 2005 that assess three scales: Perceived Decisional Competence, Anxiety and Strain to Decide and Commitment for learning how to decide. One hundred and twenty one voleyball players participated (76 female and 45 male of differente level

Emociones y toma de decisiones desde la economía comportamental

OpenAIRE

De Mier, Susana

2013-01-01

Los recientes estudios de la economía comportamental sobre cómo inciden los sentimientos y las emociones en el proceso de toma de decisiones ponen en debate el principio de la racionalidad económica, sostén de la doctrina liberal.

Chronic procrastination among Turkish adults: exploring decisional, avoidant, and arousal styles.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrari, Joseph R; Ozer, Bilge Uzun; Demir, Ayhan

2009-06-01

The authors examined the prevalence of chronic procrastination (decisional, avoidant, and arousal styles) as functions of demographic variables among 354 Turkish adults (148 men, 206 women; M age = 38.7 years, SD = 8.26 years). Prevalence analyses showed that among Turkish participants, 17.5% were indecisive procrastinators, 13.8% were avoidant procrastinators, and 14.7% were arousal procrastinators. Results did not yield significant differences for gender or age on any forms of procrastination, which is consistent with other international samples. However, significant differences emerged depending on the number of children such that Turkish adults who had more than 3 children claimed to be more indecisive than they claimed to be arousal or avoidant procrastinators. Respondents with less than a graduate degree reported higher rates of indecision than did respondents with at least a graduate degree.

General recognition theory with individual differences: a new method for examining perceptual and decisional interactions with an application to face perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Soto, Fabian A; Vucovich, Lauren; Musgrave, Robert; Ashby, F Gregory

2015-02-01

A common question in perceptual science is to what extent different stimulus dimensions are processed independently. General recognition theory (GRT) offers a formal framework via which different notions of independence can be defined and tested rigorously, while also dissociating perceptual from decisional factors. This article presents a new GRT model that overcomes several shortcomings with previous approaches, including a clearer separation between perceptual and decisional processes and a more complete description of such processes. The model assumes that different individuals share similar perceptual representations, but vary in their attention to dimensions and in the decisional strategies they use. We apply the model to the analysis of interactions between identity and emotional expression during face recognition. The results of previous research aimed at this problem have been disparate. Participants identified four faces, which resulted from the combination of two identities and two expressions. An analysis using the new GRT model showed a complex pattern of dimensional interactions. The perception of emotional expression was not affected by changes in identity, but the perception of identity was affected by changes in emotional expression. There were violations of decisional separability of expression from identity and of identity from expression, with the former being more consistent across participants than the latter. One explanation for the disparate results in the literature is that decisional strategies may have varied across studies and influenced the results of tests of perceptual interactions, as previous studies lacked the ability to dissociate between perceptual and decisional interactions.

Relationship of social support and decisional conflict to advance directives attitude in Korean older adults: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, JuHee; Jung, Dukyoo; Choi, MoonKi

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between social support, decisional conflict, and attitude towards advance directives, and determine whether decisional conflict mediates the relation between social support and advance directives attitude among older adults in South Korea. In total, 209 community-based older adults (mean age, 74.82 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics, self-perceived health status, social support, decisional conflict, and advance directives attitude were investigated via a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation and path analyses. The mean score of advance directives attitude was 48.01 (range, 35-61). Decisional conflict and social support were both significantly related to advance directives attitude (P conflict was a mediator between social support and advance directives attitudes. The results confirmed the importance of social support for reducing decisional conflict and encouraging positive attitudes toward advance directives. Future studies are needed to support the development of culturally sensitive educational approaches regarding advance directives for older adults in Korea. © 2015 The Authors. Japan Journal of Nursing Science © 2015 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.

32 CFR 70.10 - Complaints concerning decisional documents and index entries.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... declining to list that aspect of the service record as an issue. (v) Guidance as to other types of complaints. The following guidance governs other specified types of complaints: (A) The Stipulation of... noted in the decisional document or index entries: (Authentication) Attachment 2—Joint Service Review...

The Effects of Exercise Advertising on Self-efficacy and Decisional Balance

Science.gov (United States)

Berry, Tanya R.; Howe, Bruce L.

2005-01-01

Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise advertising on self-efficacy and decisional balance for changing exercise behavior. Methods: One hundred seventy-four university students (females = 108; males = 66) watched a video that contained health, appearance, or control advertising and completed stage of change, exercise self-efficacy, and…

La inteligencia emocional en la toma de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Uribe Chinkovsky, Sebastián; Henao Cadavid, Natalia

2015-01-01

El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar en un principio el concepto de toma de decisiones a partir de los estudios realizados por Antonio Damasio (1994/2010), los cuales nos permiten comprender que este es un proceso que está altamente influenciado por las emociones y los sentimientos -- Más adelante, y siguiendo esta línea de argumentación, se realiza una revisión del concepto de inteligencia emocional a partir de Daniel Goleman (1996) -- La inteligencia emocional nos permite comprender...

THE DECISIONAL TRANSPARENCY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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OCTAVIA MARIA CILIBIU

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The principle of decisional transparency is one of the principles of good administration, fundamental principles of public administration and it is enshrined in the law of many European Union member states, including our country. In their work the public authorities must show transparency reflected by the active involvement of citizens in administrative decision as its primary beneficiary. The citizen information, consultation and his stimulation to participate actively in the elaboration of draft normative acts for their preparation and before that by bringing them to public knowledge, are tasks of the public authorities which exceed the limit of the obligations imposed by internal rules and are significant efforts to modernize the public administration and rallying to the administrative structures.

Decisional Capacity among Minors with HIV: A Model for Balancing Autonomy Rights with the Need for Protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Chenneville, Tiffany; Sibille, Kimberly; Bendell-Estroff, Debra

The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to describe the relevant ethical and legal issues associated with decisional capacity among minors and to discuss the importance of these concepts for children and adolescents living with HIV; (2) to provide a framework for assessing the decisional capacity of children and adolescents with HIV; and (3) to present a model for thinking about how to use this assessment data to guide action along the protection-autonomy continuum.

Usos de la información para la toma de decisiones en procesos de desarrollo local

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Jenny Andrea Vélez Vidal

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se propuso identificar los usos de la información en la toma de decisiones y factores determinantes de dichos usos alrededor de procesos desarrollo, en un escenario de planeación local, en Cali (Colombia, basado en una combinación de teorías y en los resultados de un exploratorio previo. Empleando técnicas cualitativas se indagó sobre el papel que juega la información en facilitar a la gente asumir control sobre su bienestar, tomar decisiones y actuar en procesos de desarrollo.

TOMA DE DECISIONES, ESTILOS DE COMUNICACIÓN EN EL CONFLICTO Y COMUNICACIÓN FAMILIAR EN ADOLESCENTES BACHILLERES

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Cesar A. Luna Bernal; Francisco A. Laca Arocena; Liliana Isabel Cedillo Navarro

2012-01-01

En este trabajo se analizan correlaciones significativas entre patrones de toma de decisiones, autoconfianza como tomador de determinaciones, patrones de comunicación familiar y estilos de mensajes en el manejo de conflictos con los padres en 412 adolescentes bachilleres con edades de entre 15 y 19 años, quienes respondieron una versión adaptada del Cuestionario de Estilos de Mensajes en el Manejo del Conflicto, el Cuestionario Melbourne de Toma de Decisiones y la Escala de Autoconfianza como...

Panorámica de las teorías y métodos de investigación en torno a la toma de decisiones en el tenis

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Luis Garc\\u00EDa-Gonz\\u00E1lez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En esta revisión teórica y metodológica sobre la toma de decisiones en el tenis, buscamos exponer distintas aproximaciones explicativas del proceso decisional, fundamentadas en dos perspectivas: la psicología cognitiva y la psicología ecológica. Dentro del planteamiento de la psicología cognitiva, en base a los modelos de procesamiento de la información, nos centramos en la importancia de los comportamientos visuales y las estrategias perceptivas como mediadores de habilidades de anticipación y de decisión en el tenis, así como otros conceptos relacionados, como la atención o la agudeza visual. Posteriormente se explican otras teorías cognitivas basadas en las representaciones mentales y el desarrollo de distintos tipos de memoria como elemento central y determinante de la toma de decisiones. El segundo enfoque aborda la toma de decisiones desde la psicología ecológica, realizando una aproximación a la toma de decisiones en tenis en torno a la dinámica ecológica, planteando la importancia del entorno y los constraints, y entendiendo el tenis como un sistema no-lineal, dinámico y auto-organizado. Abordamos igualmente distintas aproximaciones metodológicas de evaluación de la toma de decisiones en el tenis, independientemente del marco teórico que las sustenta. Exponemos distintas formas de evaluar la toma de decisiones a través de análisis de protocolos verbales y cuestionarios, análisis observacional, análisis de variables cinemáticas, y también análisis perceptivos. Por último, concluimos la necesidad de superar algunas limitaciones para estudiar la toma de decisiones de una forma global, donde la toma de decisiones se vincule directamente a las acciones de juego.

LA PREDECIBILIDAD DE LAS DECISIONES JUDICIALES

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María Isabel Garrido Gómez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El tema que estudio es la predecibilidad de las decisiones judiciales, ligada a los valores de la libertad, la seguridad y la igualdad. El punto de partida es el de que el principio jurisdiccional que guía la actividad de los jueces es ejercer la garantía de cierre del sistema mediante la corrección de los márgenes de desviación e ilegitimidad jurídicas en las que se hubiera podido incurrir. Desde esta perspectiva, me ocupo del marco en el que se ha de construir la teoría y la práctica de la predecibilidad de tales decisiones dentro de un Estado de Derecho, y del juego concatenado de los valores indicados. Para analizar el juego, me adentro en la cuestión de la motivación de las sentencias, la discrecionalidad judicial, los elementos y significados de la seguridad jurídica y los precedentes; profundizando en el tratamiento dado a la predecibilidad del Derecho por el realismo jurídico norteamericano, especialmente por Frank y Llewellyn. En general, se advierte que los cambios que sufre el modelo aplicativo del Derecho rompen con la concepción del estricto formalismo, creándose espacios relacionados con fines y estrategias no jurídicas. Por consiguiente, se comprende que tenía razón el realismo jurídico norteamericano a la hora de conceptuar el Derecho como realidad que sufre un cambio incesante, apoyado en la actividad judicial creativa. En este sentido, queda patente que no se produce sólo por el legislador, sino que también toma parte el juez. Su creación se reenvía a la interpretación de la norma aplicable y a que la norma particular en la que deriva la decisión no es efecto de la lógica.The issue addressed in this study is the predictability of judicial decisions, linked to the values of liberty, the feeling of security it affords people, and equality. The jurisdictional principal guiding judges is to exercise the guarantee of closure of the system by correcting the margins of legal deviation and illegitimacy that

Estimando las decisiones de escolarización en Argentina: efectos de fluctuaciones idiosincráticas y agregadas

OpenAIRE

Datria, Pablo; Buera, Francisco Javier; Nicolini, Juan Pablo

2003-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es poder identificar empíricamente un candidato para este mecanismo de transmisión usando datos de hogares en Argentina: las decisiones de deserción escolar originadas por restricciones al crédito. Una combinación de argumentos teóricos y empíricos nos centran en este candidato. Primero, la heterogeneidad en la acumulación de capital humano es una fuente importante de los diferenciales de ingresos entre los individuos. Segundo, las decisiones de deserción pueden te...

Estudio de la relación entre conocimiento y toma de decisiones en jugadores de tenis, y su influencia en la pericia deportiva. (Relation between knowledge and decision making in tennis players and its influence in sport expertise.

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Luis García González

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este trabajo pretende estudiar no solo algunos de los factores cognitivos implicados dentro del tenis, sino establecer las relaciones existentes entre distintos factores cognitivos fundamentales como el conocimiento y la toma de decisiones. De esta forma, se han evaluado 12 tenistas de distinto nivel de pericia en variables como el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental general de juego (medidos a través de cuestionarios, toma de decisiones y ejecución (evaluados a través de observación sistemática. Podemos destacar fundamentalmente la relación observada entre el conocimiento, tanto declarativo como procedimental, y la toma de decisiones, destacando en mayor medida la que se produce entre el conocimiento procedimental general y la toma de decisiones tanto en el servicio como en el resto de golpeos, que plantean la importancia del conocimiento sobre los aspectos tácticos y decisionales que los jugadores de tenis desarrollan durante el juego. Abastract This work tries to study nonsingle some of the cognitive factors implied in tennis, but to establish the existing relations between different fundamental cognitive factors as the knowledge and the decision making. Of this form, 12 tennis players of different skill level in variables like declarative and procedural knowledge (measured through questionnaires, decision making and execution (evaluated through systematic observation have evaluated themselves. We can emphasize the relation observed between the knowledge (declarative and procedural, and decision making, emphasizing in greater measurement the one takes place between the procedural knowledge and decision making in service as in the game play, that raise the importance of the knowledge on the tactical and decisional aspects that tennis players develop during the game.

The Role of Health Care Provider and Partner Decisional Support in Patients' Cancer Treatment Decision-Making Satisfaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer-Wackerly, Angela L; Krieger, Janice L; Rhodes, Nancy D

2017-01-01

Cancer patients rely on multiple sources of support when making treatment decisions; however, most research studies examine the influence of health care provider support while the influence of family member support is understudied. The current study fills this gap by examining the influence of health care providers and partners on decision-making satisfaction. In a cross-sectional study via an online Qualtrics panel, we surveyed cancer patients who reported that they had a spouse or romantic partner when making cancer treatment decisions (n = 479). Decisional support was measured using 5-point, single-item scales for emotional support, informational support, informational-advice support, and appraisal support. Decision-making satisfaction was measured using Holmes-Rovner and colleagues' (1996) Satisfaction With Decision Scale. We conducted a mediated regression analysis to examine treatment decision-making satisfaction for all participants and a moderated mediation analysis to examine treatment satisfaction among those patients offered a clinical trial. Results indicated that partner support significantly and partially mediated the relationship between health care provider support and patients' decision-making satisfaction but that results did not vary by enrollment in a clinical trial. This study shows how and why decisional support from partners affects communication between health care providers and cancer patients.

De la evidencia al desempeño: cómo fijar prioridades y tomar buenas decisiones

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Franklin White

1998-07-01

Full Text Available En esta época de respeto por la ciencia médica y por la responsabilidad gerencial, las organizaciones de salud deben rendir cuentas por sus acciones con creciente frecuencia. La época en que se determinaban las prioridades y se tomaban las decisiones sobre bases políticas o acatando el consejo intuitivo de asesores respetados y bien intencionados ha dado paso gradualmente a una era que valora la demostración de efectividad y eficiencia. Las decisiones relativas a las prioridades y a los programas deben basarse firmemente en conocimientos comprobados y someterse a evaluación continua. Esta transición requiere promover el pensamiento crítico en todos los ámbitos. Surge entonces la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos promover el razonamiento crítico en los servicios de salud para fijar prioridades, adoptar decisiones acertadas y poner en práctica iniciativas efectivas? En otras palabras, ¿cómo podemos pasar de la evidencia al desempeño? Una pregunta aún más básica es ¿por qué debemos fijar prioridades?

Parental decisional strategies regarding HPV vaccination before media debates: a focus group study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hofman, R.; Empelen, P. van; Vogel, I.; Raat, H.; Ballegooijen, M. van; Korfage, I.J.

2013-01-01

Before the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, decisional strategies and factors that could guide HPV vaccination intentions were explored. The authors conducted 4 focus group discussions with 36 parents of children 8-15 years of age. Three groups consisted primarily of Dutch

La hoja de cálculo como herramienta de toma de decisiones: aplicación a la PYME

OpenAIRE

Marín Blaya, Pedro Gabriel

2015-01-01

La toma de decisiones es algo innato en el ser humano. Son situaciones que vivimos prácticamente a diario, a veces, hasta inconscientemente. Sin embargo, son muchos los factores que debemos de tener en cuenta cuando nos enfrentamos a decisiones difíciles, como por ejemplo, decidir hacer una carrera, o elegir un trabajo. En estos casos, deberemos analizar toda la información de la que disponemos. Tendremos que observar nuestra situación actual, nuestro nivel económico, nuestras inquietudes,...

Greater Occipital Nerve Treatment in the Management of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Headache: A Case Report.

Science.gov (United States)

Niraj, G; Critchley, Peter; Kodivalasa, Mahesh; Dorgham, Mohammed

2017-06-01

Clinical presentation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension headache (SIHH) has similarities with postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Recommended treatment for both conditions is an epidural blood patch. Successful outcomes following greater occipital nerve blocks have been reported in the management of PDPH. We present the first report of greater occipital nerve treatment in SIHH. A 40-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of daily postural headaches having a significant impact on quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral convexity subdural collections. Post gadolinium scan revealed pachymeningeal enhancement with reduced pontomesencephalic angle below 50 degrees. The patient was offered an epidural blood patch and greater occipital nerve block with corticosteroids. The patient chose occipital nerve block. The patient reported significant short-term benefit lasting 4 months. Thereafter, the patient underwent pulsed radiofrequency treatment to bilateral greater occipital nerves. He reported significant benefit lasting 10 months. Greater occipital nerve treatment may have a role in management of SIHH. © 2017 American Headache Society.

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale to investigate the value of pharmacists' information: a before and after study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kawaguchi, Takashi; Azuma, Kanako; Yamaguchi, Takuhiro; Soeda, Hiroshi; Sekine, Yusuke; Koinuma, Masayoshi; Takeuchi, Hironori; Akashi, Takao; Unezaki, Sakae

2013-04-17

The information provided in patient-centered care and shared decision-making influences patients' concerns and adherence to treatment. In the decision-making process, patients experience decisional conflict. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) is a 16-item, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 5 subscales developed to assess patients' decisional conflict. This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the DCS and to clarify the influence of the information provided by pharmacists' on decisional conflict among patients with cancer. We developed the Japanese version of the DCS by using the forward-backward translation method. One hundred patients who were recommended a new chemotherapy regimen were recruited. The psychometric properties of the Japanese DCS, including internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity, were examined. We assessed the decisional conflict of patients before and after the pharmacists' provision of information. Ninety-four patients, predominately female, with an average age of 58.1 years were sampled. The scores on the 5 subscales of the DCS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84-0.96). Multi-trait scaling analysis and cluster analysis showed strong validity. The mean total DCS score decreased significantly from 40.2 to 31.7 after patients received information from the pharmacists (p informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision, also significantly improved (p information was able to decrease decisional conflict among patients with cancer who were recommended a new chemotherapy regimen.

Teoría de la Decisión: Proceso de interacciones u organizaciones como sistemas de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Vidal,Josep

2012-01-01

Se expone un debate teórico sobre la aportación sociológica referente a las decisiones en las organizaciones. Sobresalen dos teorías de las decisiones. La primera, basada en el proceso de decisión a partir una teoría crítica de la multirracionalidad lineal elaborado por Lucien Sfez, al plantear que con la decisión se trata de un proceso de interacciones, al ser considerada como un proceso institucional fundamentado en la libertad del sujeto. La segunda fundamentada en la teoría de sistemas au...

Automatización Fuzzy aplicado en la contabilidad decisional

OpenAIRE

Jaime Tinto Arandes; María Emilia Molina; Habbid Chávez Acosta; Sylvia Mosquera Maldonado

2016-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es introducir la automatización en los instrumentos que la teoría de la incertidumbre contiene, dentro de las ciencias contables como herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones debido a la necesidad de darle al área contable una visión predictiva y dinámica. Con ello se pretende ir introduciendo los conceptos de la teoría de la incertidumbre para la construcción de los balances previsionales de situación y unos estados previsionales de resultados, donde qu...

Factores que influyen las decisiones terapéuticas en Ortodoncia: Revisión de la literatura

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Francisca Matthews

Full Text Available Resumen En la actualidad existe una inmensa variedad de técnicas ortodóncicas, cada una de ellas con sus indicaciones y usos específicos a partir de las cuales se debe seleccionar la más apropiada para cada situación clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en la literatura reciente los factores que influyen o que explicarían las decisiones terapéuticas que se toman en odontología, centrados en la especialidad de ortodoncia. Se ha pesquisado que la educación recibida, las preferencias individuales y el dominio de las diferentes técnicas, las características y valores personales, la situación clínica y económica del paciente, el sistema de salud y la relación odontólogo-paciente adquieren un papel importante en la selección del tratamiento. También cobran importancia los principios éticos y aspectos sociales, tales como las teorías del comportamiento que son homologables al actuar profesional. Es importante comprender la toma de decisiones y la selección de los tratamientos por el impacto que tiene en la atención del paciente y su satisfacción, en el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos, el funcionamiento de la salud pública y la calidad de los servicios entregados. En la actualidad son escasos los estudios dedicados al proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas, por lo que se hace necesario ampliar los alcances de las investigaciones, incluyendo investigaciones cualitativas, con el fin de comprender más profundamente el fenómeno de la toma de decisiones.

La toma de decisiones en baloncesto. Una propuesta de árboles decisionales para la enseñanza del bloqueo directo

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Ernesto Suárez-Cadenas

Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo tiene por objetivo clarificar conceptos relacionados con la toma de decisiones en el deporte y proponer su aplicación para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del bloqueo directo (BD en baloncesto. Se realiza un repaso histórico hasta llegar a las teorías modernas de mayor vigencia en el ámbito deportivo. De la misma forma, se analiza el estado del arte actual de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la toma de decisiones, mostrando las distintas ventajas e inconvenientes del uso de las estrategias de enseñanza intencional e incidental. Posteriormente, a partir de los conceptos revisados (reglas si-entonces y las distintas estrategias de enseñanza incidental e intencional, se establece una propuesta de entrenamiento del BD en baloncesto. A través de distintos árboles decisionales y de propuestas de tareas específicas se ha intentado resolver el problema de cómo potenciar la toma de decisiones de los jugadores durante el BD atendiendo a la lógica interna y a los principios del juego, pero intentando, a la vez, que los jugadores desarrollen una toma de decisiones propia, única e individual.

Las decisiones básicas de la estrategia de deslocalización: qué, dónde y cómo deslocalizar

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Toral Pla, David

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones que una empresa debe tomar a la hora de emprender una estrategia de deslocalización poseen una elevada importancia. En el presente trabajo se analizan las decisiones básicas a las que una empresa debe hacer frente para acometer con éxito una estrategia de deslocalización y mejorar su ventaja competitiva. Concretamente se examina la elección de las actividades a deslocalizar, la elección del país de destino y la elección del modo de deslocalización. Una combinación adecuada de estas tres decisiones conjuntamente facilitará el éxito de una estrategia de deslocalización.

La toma de decisiones en salud y el modelo conceptual de Ottawa Decision-making in health and the Ottawa decision-support framework

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Mendoza P. Sara

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Realizar un análisis del Modelo de Toma de Decisiones en Salud de Ottawa, planteado por la enfermera canadiense Annette M. O’Connors, como una estrategia para resolver conflictos decisionales en salud. Se plantea su utilidad en la intervención que hace enfermería en la comunidad y la familia. Se concluye que el conflicto decisional surge frente a la toma de decisiones y los profesionales de la salud deben adoptar un rol protagónico en él, desarrollando habilidades para apoyar a sus pacientes o usuarios en los conflictos que deben enfrentar, teniendo el Modelo de toma de decisiones de Ottawa como un referencial útil para ayudarles, especialmente a las mujeres, a asumir un rol más activo en las decisiones que afectan su propia salud.This article analyses the Ottawa Decision-support Framework proponed by the Canadian nurse Annette M. O´Connors to help strategic decision-making in Health and its usefulness in the nurses´intervention in the family and the community. When conflicting opinions have to be considered before making a decision, the nursing professionals should assume a protagonist part. Therefore they have to develop abilities to support their patients when they face conflicts. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework is a very useful reference to help people, especially women, when they should assume a more active part in decisions that affect their health.

Intelligent Decisional Assistant that Facilitate the Choice of a Proper Computer System Applied in Busines

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Nicolae MARGINEAN

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The choice of a proper computer system is not an easy task for a decider. One reason could be the present market development of computer systems applied in business. The big number of the Romanian market players determines a big number of computerized products, with a multitude of various properties. Our proposal tries to optimize and facilitate this decisional process within an e-shop where are sold IT packets applied in business, building an online decisional assistant, a special component conceived to facilitate the decision making needed for the selection of the pertinent IT package that fits the requirements of one certain business, described by the decider. The user interacts with the system as an online buyer that visit an e-shop where are sold IT package applied in economy.

Validity and Stability of the Decisional Balance for Sun Protection Inventory

OpenAIRE

Hui-Qing Yin; Joseph S. Rossi; Colleen A. Redding; Andrea L. Paiva; Steven F. Babbin; Wayne F. Velicer

2014-01-01

The 8-item Decisional Balance for sun protection inventory (SunDB) assesses the relative importance of the perceived advantages (Pros) and disadvantages (Cons) of sun protective behaviors. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SunDB measure, including invariance of the measurement model, in a population-based sample of N = 1336 adults. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretically based 2-factor (Pros, Cons) model, with high internal consistencies for each subscale...

Requerimientos informacionales para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información

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Yunier RODRÍGUEZ-CRUZ

Full Text Available Resumen Se examina el carácter informacional del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas con el propósito de identificar los requerimientos informacionales que condicionan el uso de información que se realiza en los niveles estratégicos en instituciones de información. El acercamiento teórico al tema permite comprender las particularidades en relación a la información como recurso estratégico y determinar aquellos factores y elementos que desde las Ciencias de la Información han contribuido a la teoría de las decisiones organizacionales. El estudio se realizó con directivos de once instituciones cubanas. Se profundiza, a partir del método fenomenográfico, en la opinión de los entrevistados acerca de los recursos, procesos, sistemas, factores y estados emocionales vinculados a la información y su uso en la toma de decisiones. Como resultado se identifica un conjunto de requerimientos informacionales, entre los que destacan los sistemas de información, procesos informacionales y gerenciales, así como un conjunto de recursos informacionales y factores socio-cognitivos que posibilitan fomentar y generar una infraestructura informacional y potenciar la cultura informacional necesaria para el desarrollo de procesos de decisión eficaces a nivel estratégico.

El impacto de los sesgos conductuales en la toma de decisiones de inversión

OpenAIRE

Cano, Carlos; Cardoso, Edward

2015-01-01

Presentan brevemente las principales diferencias entre las finanzas del comportamiento y la teoría financiera tradicional, y se desarrolla el concepto de sesgo conductual y sus efectos sobre las decisiones de inversión de los agentes económicos.

Optimización en las decisiones de financiamiento de proyectos

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Felipe Tomás Muñoz Valdés

2003-07-01

Full Text Available La finalidad de este trabajo es aplicar herramientas de optimización a las decisiones de financiamiento de proyectos de inversión, más específicamente, cómo mejorar el valor actual de un proyecto eligiendo la combinación óptima de fuentes de financiamiento. El carácter de largo plazo de las inversiones de un proyecto exige investigar las opciones de financiamiento para el proyecto, y no cabe duda que mientras más convenientes sean las condiciones que se logren, más atractivo será el proyecto. La búsqueda de la forma de financiar un proyecto de inversión, puede dar como resultado una variedad bastante importante de opciones diferentes. Esta información es de mucha utilidad para el inversionista, porque le permite determinar cómo financiar el proyecto, es decir, cuánto capital propio debe invertir en el proyecto y cómo debe financiar el monto restante de la inversión. Los métodos y modelos que se usan actualmente en esta toma de decisiones tienen deficiencias. Una de las deficiencias más importantes de estos métodos es que suponen que en todos los periodos se tienen utilidades antes de impuestos, calculando impuestos sobre las pérdidas antes de impuesto. También presentan dificultades cuando se tienen muchas alternativas de financiamiento y no permiten buscar combinaciones entre fuentes de financiamiento. A medida que aumenta la cantidad y características de las fuentes de financiamiento, aumenta la cantidad de cálculos de valor actual que se deben realizar, por lo que la aplicación de estas herramientas requiere una gran cantidad de tiempo. Para resolver el problema se recurrió a la teoría económica de Preparación de Proyectos, Evaluación de Proyectos y Programación Matemática, más específicamente a la Programación Mixta, que es una mezcla de Programación Lineal y Programación Entera. El procedimiento que se empleó para desarrollar el modelo de programación matemática, comenzó con la identificación de

Guarantee of Criminal Policy as Limited to Criminal Decisionism

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María Belén Bonilla Albán

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The essay explains how the inclusion of the security of public policy in the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador as part of the constitutional state of law and justice or “guarantor state” can become a substantial limit for criminal decisionism, which is usually behind the penal policy in Latin America. Thus, the function of this collateral is to eliminate the huge space of discretion in the management of the most sensitive policy of modern state penal policy. However, the guarantee of public policy is not clear in determining the limits of punitive power; therefore, this paper seeks to explore some of the international human rights.

78 FR 76100 - Newspapers Used for Publication of Legal Notices for Pre-Decisional Administrative Review...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-16

...- Decisional Administrative Review Processes and Decisions Subject to Notice, Comment and Appeal Procedures... constructive notice of a decision, to provide clear evidence of timely notice, and to achieve consistency in administering appeal and objection processes. DATES: Publication of legal notices in the listed newspapers...

El moep y el Peep Luces amarillas en el tablero de las decisiones empresariales

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Alfredo Kaplan

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Entre la variada gama de posibilidades que debe manejar uma organizacion, en el momento de tomar decisiones o politicas con respecto a lineas de producto, puntos de yenta etc., es posible que se plantee la eleccion de continuar con la produccion o comercializacion de un determinado producto o servicio.

Experiencia de familiares de enfermos con cáncer terminal respecto a las decisiones al final de la vida

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Norma Alicia Ordóñez Vázquez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La experiencia de los familiares que toman el rol de cuidadores primarios, en el proceso de una enfermedad terminal como el cáncer, proporciona información acerca de la toma de decisiones al final de la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer desde la experiencia del familiar del enfermo quién toma las decisiones al final de la vida y cómo afectan estas decisiones al enfermo si no se considera su autonomía. Método: Tipo de estudio: Investigación de corte cualitativo que parte del paradigma hermenéutico fenomenológico. Se aborda desde la postura fenomenológica porque esta permite conocer la percepción que tienen las personas del mundo en el cual viven y el significado que le dan. Además se centra en la experiencia de vida de las personas, en este caso en la experiencia de los familiares de enfermos terminales. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. Participantes: Cuidadores primarios y familiares de enfermos con cáncer terminal que fueron atendidos en hospitales de la ciudad de México. Procedimiento: Se elaboró una guía de entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizaron 11 entrevistas de las cuales ocho formaron díadas cuidador/familiar. Las tres restantes se realizaron a cuidadores. Seis entrevistas se llevaron a cabo en un espacio de un hospital de tercer nivel y cinco en espacios públicos. Se utilizó el análisis temático y el método de van Manen. Resultados: La experiencia de los familiares muestra por una parte que las decisiones fueron tomadas por el enfermo (plano autónomo, aunque existieron algunos casos en los que él no tomó la decisión, en el momento final, los familiares fueron los que tuvieron que asumir la responsabilidad de tomar decisiones, dependiendo de cómo se iba presentando el proceso de enfermedad (plano dependiente. Es importante resaltar que en los casos estudiados no siempre existió adecuada comunicación médico-paciente. Además, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica, se

Technical clarification to Silbert and Thomas (2013): "decisional separability, model identification, and statistical inference in the general recognition theory framework".

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Robin D; Silbert, Noah H

2014-04-01

We offer a minor technical correction to the published proof of part (ii) of the main theorem in Silbert and Thomas (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 1-20, 2013) that somewhat limits the scope of the equivalence observed in that work. Specifically, in order for a mean shift integrality with decisional separability to be mimicked by a perceptually separable but nondecisionally separable configuration, one needs to assume stimulus invariance. This holds when all of the covariance matrices in the stimulus configuration are equal to each other. We note that part (i) of the theorem is unaffected by this modification; an empirical finding of perceptual separability and the failure of decisional separability can be mimicked by a perceptually nonseparable, decisionally separable configuration without restricting the covariance matrices to be equal. We also note that stimulus invariance is often assumed in simple designs (e.g., Macmillan & Ornstein in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 1261-1285, 1998), due to the implausibility of different perceptual correlations being present within stimuli perched very closely in perceptual space.

En busca de una salud más participativa: compartiendo decisiones de salud

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Paulina Bravo

Full Text Available El modelo de atención en salud paternalista está derivando hacia modelos más participativos, como lo es la toma de decisiones compartidas (TDC, en el que se considera al paciente como agente responsable y autónomo. La TDC representa un enfoque terapéutico en el que profesionales y pacientes comparten la mejor evidencia científica disponible para tomar una decisión, incorporando los valores y preferencias del paciente. Este intercambio de información puede facilitarse mediante el uso de herramientas de ayuda para la TDC, que han demostrado ser efectivas para mejorar el conocimiento, la satisfacción del paciente, y reducir el conflicto decisional. En este sentido, las habilidades comunicacionales ejercen un rol fundamental en el establecimiento de la relación profesional - paciente, facilitando el intercambio de información y preferencias de manera efectiva y respetuosa. Esta aproximación terapéutica podría apoyar la reducción de las disparidades en salud que prevalecen en Latinoamérica, al facilitar que las personas puedan participar informada y activamente en el cuidado de su salud.

A Pulmonary Rehabilitation Decisional Score to Define Priority Access for COPD Patients

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Michele Vitacca

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This retrospective study aimed to evaluate, through an ad hoc 17-item tool, the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Decisional Score (PRDS, the priority access to PR prescription by respiratory specialists. The PRDS, scoring functional, clinical, disability, frailty, and participation parameters from 0 = low priority to 34 = very high priority for PR access, was retrospectively calculated on 124 specialist reports sent to the GP of subjects (aged 71±11 years, FEV1%  51±17 consecutively admitted to our respiratory outpatient clinic. From the specialist’s report the final subject’s allocation could be low priority (LP (>60 days, high priority (HP (30–60 days, or very high priority (VHP (<30 days to rehabilitation. The PRDS calculation showed scores significantly higher in VHP versus LP (p<0.001 and significantly different between HP and VHP (p<0.001. Comparing the specialist’s allocation decision and priority choice based on PRDS cut-offs, PR prescription was significantly more appropriate in VHP than in HP (p=0.016. Specialists underprescribed PR in 49% of LP cases and overprescribed it in 46% and 30% of the HP and VHP prescriptions, respectively. A multicomprehensive score is feasible being useful for staging the clinical priorities for PR prescription and facilitating sustainability of the health system.

Perceived decisional responsibility for mechanical ventilation and weaning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haugdahl, Hege S; Storli, Sissel; Rose, Louise

2014-01-01

AIM: To explore variability in perceptions of nurse managers and physician directors regarding roles, responsibilities and clinical-decision making related to mechanical ventilator weaning in Norwegian intensive care units (ICUs). BACKGROUND: Effective teamwork is crucial for providing optimal...... patient care in ICU. More knowledge on nurses' and physicians' perceptions of responsibility in clinical decision-making for mechanical ventilation is needed. METHODS: Self-administered survey of mechanical ventilation and weaning responsibilities was sent to nurse managers and physician directors...... of Norwegian adult ICUs. Nurses' decisional influence and autonomy were estimated on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 (least to most). RESULTS: Response rate was 38/60 (63%) nurses and 38/52 (73%) physicians. On the NRS nurse managers perceived the autonomy and influence of nurses' ventilator...

Marcos GRADE de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD: un enfoque sistemático y transparente para tomar decisiones sanitarias bien informadas. 1: Introducción

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Pablo Alonso-Coello

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Los médicos y quienes elaboran guías y políticas a veces pasan por alto criterios importantes, les dan un peso indebido o no usan la mejor evidencia disponible para informar sus juicios. Los sistemas explícitos y transparentes para la toma de decisiones pueden ayudar a garantizar que se consideren todos los criterios importantes, y que las decisiones estén basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible. El grupo de trabajo GRADE ha desarrollado marcos «de la evidencia a la decisión» (EtD para los diferentes tipos de recomendaciones o decisiones. El objetivo de los marcos EtD es ayudar a los paneles a usar la evidencia de una manera estructurada y transparente para informar las decisiones respecto de las recomendaciones clínicas, decisiones de cobertura sanitaria y recomendaciones o decisiones sobre el sistema sanitario o sobre salud pública. Los marcos EtD tienen una estructura común: formulación de una pregunta, evaluación de la evidencia y conclusiones. No obstante, existen diferencias entre los marcos para cada tipo de decisión. Los marcos EtD informan a los usuarios sobre los juicios que se han hecho y la evidencia que los apoya dotando de transparencia la base para las decisiones de los que tienen que tomarlas. Los marcos EtD también facilitan la diseminación de las recomendaciones y permiten a los decisores de otros ámbitos adoptar recomendaciones o decisiones, o adaptarlas a su contexto. El siguiente artículo es una traducción del artículo original publicado en British Medical Journal. Los marcos EtD se utilizan actualmente en el marco del Programa de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, coordinado por GuíaSalud.

territorial previa a la toma de decisiones

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Ángel Raúl Ruiz Pulpón

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La expansión de la agricultura de regadío ha ocasionado una signifi cativa confl ictividad ecológica, económica y social concerniente al uso del agua en la cuenca del Guadiana. Ante la ausencia, en estos últimos treinta años, de enfoques territoriales y sistémicos para la resolución de la problemática, se propone una metodología que permite la clasifi cación territorial de los municipios de la cuenca hidrográfi ca del Guadiana que presenten unas características similares de sus regadíos, con el objeto de plantear un modelo espacial previo a la toma de decisiones sobre la gestión de los recursos hídricos, agrarios y ambientales en Castilla-La Mancha, en consonancia con los preceptos estipulados por la Directiva Marco de Aguas y la Estrategia Territorial Europea

Criterios éticos para las decisiones sanitarias al final de la vida de personas incapaces

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Inés Ma. Barrio Cantalejo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente las relaciones sanitarias se apoyan en el reconocimiento del derecho de los pacientes a participar en las decisiones sobre su salud. Esta idea es el fundamento del consentimiento informado. Sin embargo, problema surge cuando el paciente no puede participar en estas decisiones porque se halla en una situación de incapacidad. Es otro, un representante, quien debe decidir por él. En España no existe claridad sobre qué criterios deben orientar las decisiones que ha de tomar el representante. El presente artículo presenta los criterios de decisión en pacientes incapaces desarrollados por la jurisprudencia norteamericana: el criterio subjetivo, el criterio del juicio sustitutivo y el criterio del mejor interés o mayor beneficio. El criterio subjetivo consiste en seguir las directrices que el paciente dictó antes de perder la capacidad. El criterio del juicio sustitutivo trata de deducir la decisión que hubiese tomado el propio paciente si pudiera, a partir de lo que conocemos de él. El criterio del mayor beneficio intenta proteger el bienestar del paciente. Tradicionalmente el «mejor interés» ha sido defender la vida a toda costa, sin atender a otro tipo de consideraciones. Quizás sea el momento de buscar un consenso sobre lo que socialmente hoy en día se considera «mejor interés». Su significado no podrá derivarse exclusivamente del derecho a la vida, sino de la conjunción entre éste –en cantidad y calidad suficientes– y la libertad, interpretados a la luz del respeto a la dignidad de la persona.

Dificultades de las enfermeras de atención primaria en los procesos de planificación anticipada de las decisiones: un estudio cualitativo

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Nani Granero-Moya

2016-12-01

Conclusiones: Es necesario el aprendizaje de los profesionales sobre planificación anticipada de decisiones, su entrenamiento en habilidades comunicativas y su educación afectiva. Los gestores sanitarios han de tener en cuenta el hecho de que las intervenciones para planificar anticipadamente decisiones sanitarias precisan formación, tiempo y atención continuada. En tanto no acontezca un cambio cultural, persistirá un modelo evasivo para afrontar el final de la vida.

Modelos de decisiones en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas de Nariño

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Diego Andrés Muñoz

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones de los agricultores en sus fincas, influyen directa o indirectamente sobre la cobertura arbórea que afectan su estructura, densidad y composición. El presente estudio se desarrolló en los municipios de Guachucal y Cumbal, departamento de Nariño, Colombia con el propósito de identificar los criterios y decisiones claves que toman los agricultores, en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea en fincas ganaderas productoras de leche. Las decisiones, fueron modeladas y simuladas en el programa Netica 2.6. Con las respuestas obtenidas se diseñaron modelos generales de decisión, donde se obtuvo cuatro eventos principales y de mayor influencia en el manejo de la cobertura arbórea, 1 evento poda, 2 evento control de maleza, 3 evento siembra de árboles y 4 evento aprovechamiento de árboles. Las frecuencias, permitieron estimar la probabilidad de cada decisión e influencia de las variables con respecto a los eventos para su modelación y simulación. Además, para profundizar sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones se plantearon escenarios relacionados con las condiciones agroecológicas de la finca, el manejo de la unidad productiva y el entorno en el que opera la finca. Así mismo se analizaron las principales limitantes para el manejo y establecimiento de la cobertura arbórea. El evento de mayor importancia para el manejo de la cobertura arbórea es la poda, debido a su valor en la obtención de leña como combustible, este factor influye en la zona para que las cobertura arbóreas se incrementen como cercas vivas.

Mastication accelerates Go/No-go decisional processing: An event-related potential study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sakamoto, Kiwako; Nakata, Hiroki; Yumoto, Masato; Sadato, Norihiro; Kakigi, Ryusuke

2015-11-01

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mastication on Go/No-go decisional processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). Thirteen normal subjects underwent seven sessions of a somatosensory Go/No-go paradigm for approximately 4min; Pre, and Post 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The Control condition included the same seven sessions. The RT and standard deviation were recorded, and the peak amplitude and latency of the N140 and P300 components were analyzed. The RT was significantly shorter in Mastication than in Control at Post 1-3 and 4-6. The peak latency of N140 was earlier in Mastication than in Control at Post 4-6. The latency of N140 was shortened by repeated sessions in Mastication, but not by those in Control. The peak latency of P300 was significantly shorter in Mastication than in Control at Post 4-6. The peak latency of P300 was significantly longer in Control with repeated sessions, but not in Mastication. These results suggest that mastication may influence response execution processing in Go trials, as well as response inhibition processing in No-go trials. Mastication accelerated Go/No-go decisional processing in the human brain. Copyright © 2015 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Análisis de decisiones de inversión utilizando el criterio valor presente neto en riesgo (VPN en riesgo

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Diego Fernando Manotas Duque

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Las decisiones estratégicas de inversión son actividades cruciales para el desarrollo de una organización. Los proyectos de inversión se encuentran expuestos a diversos tipos de riesgo: financiero, político, de mercado, entre otros. Aunque se pueden mencionar varios tipos de metodologías de medición que intentan incluir el riesgo en la valoración de proyectos, la mayoría de ellas tiene falencias, que en todo caso pueden ser abordadas para dar lugar a mejores indicadores de bondad económica y financiera. El presente trabajo aborda el problema de valoración económica de proyectos, y en particular, los problemas del indicador de utilidad económica, Valor Presente Neto (VPN cuando se calcula sobre un único escenario estático del proyecto. Mediante una combinación del cálculo del costo promedio ponderado de capital (CPPC -Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC- y el uso de métodos de valoración de riesgo que tienen en cuenta la relación entre riesgo- retorno esperado, el resultado principal que se obtiene en este trabajo es un método de evaluación de proyectos, con aplicación principalmente en decisiones estratégicas del sector real, que incluye explícitamente la valoración del riesgo inherente a tales decisiones. Para ilustrar el criterio propuesto, se presentan dos casos de aplicación, el primero sobre selección de tecnología y el segundo sobre decisiones de renovación de cultivos de caña de azúcar.

La toma de decisiones en los sistemas de autoayuda y asesoramiento vocacional (SAV-R y SAVI-2000) : propuesta y validación de un modelo de decisión vocacional

OpenAIRE

López González, María Luisa

2004-01-01

La Tesis se presenta estructurada en dos partes. La primera, Fundamentación teórica de la toma de decisiones, aborda la conducta y asesoramiento vocacional, la toma de decisiones y el adolescente como sujeto decisor, La segunda, Experimental /Aplicada, se plantea a través de cinco Estudios:El Estudio 1: Indicadores relevantes para la toma de decisiones vocacionales en el SAV-R depura los indicadores vocacionales que han mostrado su efectividad, desde los datos de la investigación realizada co...

Información en el proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas en las empresas colombianas del grupo empresarial ISA

OpenAIRE

Montoya López, Jorge Eduardo

2005-01-01

113 p. En el proyecto de investigación se realizó inicialmente una exploración de las bases teóricas y empíricas del uso de la información en la toma de decisiones estratégicas, luego se indagó sobre el uso de la información en las decisiones estratégicas efectuadas recientemente en las empresas colombianas del grupo empresarial ISA, enfocándose en determinar la información utilizada desde un medio electrónico y concluyendo acerca de las reales posibilidades del apoyo de los sistemas de in...

Árbol de decisiones para la resolución de incidencias

OpenAIRE

Molas Roca, Meritxell

2016-01-01

Análisis e implementación de un sistema de información para dar soporte al personal del grupo de soporte técnico en Everis para la resolución de incidencias del SI existente en Gas Natural (área de contratación). Se va a desarrollar basándose en la definición de un árbol de decisiones. Analysis and implementation of an information system to support the staff group at Everis for resolve the problems existing at Natural Gas computer sytem. The process of resolution of an issue is displayed b...

Sobre la toma de decisiones económicas bajo incertidumbre

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Aurora García Gallego

2012-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo resumimos la evolución de la Teoría Económica sobre la toma de decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Tras una breve introducción a la teoría de la Utilidad Esperada, nos referimos a comportamientos paradójicos que obligaron a los economistas a adoptar teorías menos simplistas que permitieran explicar un mayor abanico de fenómenos. La mayor complejidad conlleva una descripción multidimensional de las actitudes humanas frente al riesgo económico. Sin embargo, las mediciones de la actitud frente al riesgo utilizadas por los economistas continúan siendo, en su mayoría, unidimensionales.

La religión en las decisiones sobre aborto no punible en la Argentina

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María Gabriela Irrazábal

2015-11-01

Full Text Available En este artículo trabajaremos sobre la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética en comités de hospitales públicos y su intervención en casos de solicitud de acceso al aborto legal. En primer lugar realizaremos una descripción general del contexto de los casos de aborto no punible en la Argentina, resaltando que en la mayoría de los casos las creencias religiosas de los expertos suelen influir y condicionar las decisiones de las mujeres. Luego, pondremos el foco en la discusión dentro de un comité sobre un caso particular, el de una joven discapacitada que solicitó un aborto luego de un abuso sexual y que luego de atravesar un largo camino de judicialización y evaluaciones de comités de expertos, no logró interrumpir su embarazo. Este caso ilustra cómo las creencias religiosas influencian la toma de decisiones en el área de la salud pública y cómo se consolida la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética como una estrategia para influenciar los espacios públicos de la Iglesia Católica en la Argentina.

ALGUNAS HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE INVERSIÓN EN PROYECTOS DE ALTO RIESGO

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Julio Villarreal

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un posible aplicación metodológica para la toma de decisiones de inversión en proyectos de alto riesgo como las que típicamente son apoyados por los llamados fondos de capital de riesgo. El objetivo final es mostrar como es posible a través de esta metodología, reducir las asimetrías de información típicas en la relación entre inversionistas de riesgo (accionistas de capital y gestores de proyectos (accionistas industriales. La metodología propuesta se aplica a un plan de negocios real, pero de igual manera se puede aplicar a otros proyectos riesgosos, y muestra cómo una adecuada estructuración de un proceso de decisión, usando los modelos y herramientas adecuadas puede ser muy útil tanto en decisiones de fondos de inversión como en la estructuración de procesos de evaluación de alternativas de decisión estratégicas en las que el riesgo hace inapropiado el tradicional análisis determinístico.

Decisiones al final de la vida en México

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Edith González Moreno

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo aborda el tema de las decisiones al final de la vida en México (incluyendo el tema de la muerte medi - camente asistida. 2 Las reflexiones parten de algunos indicadores nacionales de mortalidad en nuestro país, donde el fenómeno de muerte en hospitales está apenas siendo igualado al número de muertes que venían ocurriendo fuera de ellos. Por lo anterior y a diferencia de otros países, el foco de atención en las cuestiones relacionadas con el final de la vida no deberá centrarse exclusivamente en el ámbito hospitalario. También se presentan algunos argumentos internacionales, elementos de la legislación vigente, así como la influencia de los paternalismos médico y jurídico en México.

The influence of gene expression profiling on decisional conflict in decision making for early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy.

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MacDonald, Karen V; Bombard, Yvonne; Deal, Ken; Trudeau, Maureen; Leighl, Natasha; Marshall, Deborah A

2016-07-01

Women with early-stage breast cancer, of whom only 15% will experience a recurrence, are often conflicted or uncertain about taking chemotherapy. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of tumours informs risk prediction, potentially affecting treatment decisions. We examined whether receiving a GEP test score reduces decisional conflict in chemotherapy treatment decision making. A general population sample of 200 women completed the decisional conflict scale (DCS) at baseline (no GEP test score scenario) and after (scenario with GEP test score added) completing a discrete choice experiment survey for early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy. We scaled the 16-item DCS total scores and subscores from 0 to 100 and calculated means, standard deviations and change in scores, with significance (p change their chemotherapy decision after receiving GEP testing information. Total score and all subscores (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision) decreased significantly in the respondent subgroup who were unsure about taking chemotherapy initially but changed to no chemotherapy (n =33). In the subgroup of respondents (n = 25) who chose chemotherapy initially but changed to unsure, effective decision subscore increased significantly. In the overall sample, changes in total and all subscores were non-significant. GEP testing adds value for women initially unsure about chemotherapy treatment with a decrease in decisional conflict. However, for women who are confident about their treatment decisions, GEP testing may not add value. Decisions to request GEP testing should be personalised based on patient preferences. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EL USO DE TÉCNICAS DE CONTABILIDAD GERENCIAL EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE LAS PYMES DE LA GRAN AREA METROPOLITANA DE COSTA RICA

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VALVERDE RAMÍREZ, LUIS

2014-01-01

Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) de Costa Rica juegan un papel fundamental en la generación de empleo y el desarrollo del país. Aunque constantemente deben tomar decisiones relacionadas con precios, costos, inversiones y nuevos negocios, con frecuencia desconocen las técnicas de Contabilidad Gerencial disponibles para esos fines. La mayoría de estas técnicas son prácticas, sencillas y económicas. A pesar de esto, su uso por parte de las Pymes es muy escaso. Con frecuencia, decisiones ...

El entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el tenis: ¿qué fundamentos científicos se pueden aplicar en los programas de entrenamiento?

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Jo\\u00E3o Carvalho

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de los estudios que se han realizado en el ámbito de la toma de decisiones en el deporte, y en particular en el tenis. Presentamos los constructos teóricos que fundamentan los distintos enfoques, los procedimientos metodológicos más utilizados y sus principales limitaciones, evidenciando la necesidad de la práctica basada en evidencias científicas en el rendimiento experto de los jugadores de alto nivel. Sobre la base de los principios teóricos de la dinámica ecológica, sugerimos una nueva propuesta de entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el tenis basada en la manipulación de constreñimientos. Para finalizar indicamos algunas sugerencias metodológicas a tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones en el área del entrenamiento de la toma de decisiones en el deporte.

La habitabilidad de la vivienda de interés social en Colombia. Un enfoque en los procesos y las decisiones

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Luis Fernando Fique Pinto

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Alrededor de una reflexión acerca del proceso de deterioro que ha venido presentando la vivienda de interés social (V.I.S. producida en el marco de la política pública en vivienda vigente en Colombia a partir de la década de 1990, el artículo esboza un planteamiento elaborado en reciente estudio por el autor. Allí propone ampliar el usual enfoque disciplinario de la arquitectura y el urbanismo acerca de los problemas sectoriales - reiteradamente centrado en los productos- virando la mirada hacia los procesos en los que estos productos (la vivienda y su entorno se configuran con las decisiones tomadas. En ellos se resuelve -con exclusiones e inequidades- la confrontación inherente a los procesos, entre actores con motivaciones diversas. El examen e interpretación de estos procesos, de las motivaciones de los actores y de las decisiones tomadas -especialmente en la fase de formulación de las políticas públicaspermite elaborar una interpretación de la situación del sector V.I.S. que muestra la ausencia de procesos sociales amplios e incluyentes en la toma de las decisiones públicas y, al respecto, conduce a plantear la necesidad de reconfigurar la inserción profesional en ellos.

Validación inicial de un instrumento de análisis del apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas

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Claudia Bustamante

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El apoyo a la toma de decisiones en salud facilita el automanejo de personas con enfermedades crónicas (EC. Ob- jetivo: validar la versión en español del DSAT-cdm: herramienta de análisis del apoyo en las decisiones para el manejo de EC, desa- rrollada por Stacey (2006. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo que aplica un proceso sistemático que considera, entre otros: traducción-contratraducción, desarrollo de escenarios de simulación, entrenamiento de evaluadores, entrenamiento pacientes simulados y capacitación para participantes. Muestra: 15 profesionales y 2 jueces, obteniéndose 60 DSAT-cdm versión español aplicado (pre y pos capacitación. Resultados: el instrumento presentó confiabilidad aceptable en la aplicación entre-jueces y detectó la mejora en la calidad del apoyo a la toma de decisiones en los profesionales. Sin embargo, no se obtuvieron resultados que aportaran a la validez de criterio concurrente. Conclusiones: este estudio es la primera evaluación del DSAT-cdm en idioma español, el resultado principal indica que se detecta un cambio en el desempeño de profesionales para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones de sus pacientes y, a pesar estos hallazgos favorables, es necesario seguir evaluando el instrumento.

Validation of a Short Form of the Greek Version of the Decisional Balance Scale in the Exercise Domain. (Validación de la Versión Griega de la Escala Abreviada de Equilibrio Decisional en el Campo del Ejercicio Físico.

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Konstantinos Karteroliotis

2008-04-01

Full Text Available AbstractAlthough the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS for exercise has been established to have sound psychometric properties, the factorial structure of this instrument has not been examined in other European countries. The purpose of this study was to test a short version of the decisional balance scale for exercise in Greek adults. The DBS was administered to 158 (61.2% women and 100 (38.8% men. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a positive (pros factor and a negative (cons factor. The results from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure was the best fit for the DBS when it was used with Greek adults. The alpha coefficients were .84 for the positive factor and .81 for the negative factor. The findings are similar to those of the English original, and suggest that the revised DBS can be used in exercise and activity research with Greek adults. However, to expand the usefulness of this instrument across cultures, the DBS should continue to be tested with other Greek populations and settings.Resumen La escala del equilibrio decisional (DBS presenta unas sólidas propiedades psicométricas, no obstante la estructura factorial de dicho instrumento no se ha examinado en otros países europeos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar una versión corta de la escala decisional sobre ejercicio a una muestra de adultos griegos. La DBS revisada se administró a 158 (61.2% participantes mujeres y 100 (38.8% hombres. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró la presencia de dos factores, uno positivo (los pros y uno negativo (los contras. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron que la mejor solución factorial para la versión griega de la escala DBS se componía de una doble estructura. Los coeficientes alpha fueron de .84 para el factor positivo y de .81 para el factor negativo. Los hallazgos de este estudio fueron similares a los de la versión original, indicando que la revisada DBS es adecuada

Shared decision-making in mental health care-A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services.

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Grim, Katarina; Rosenberg, David; Svedberg, Petra; Schön, Ulla-Karin

2016-01-01

Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden. Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.'s model of SDM. The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process. The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.

Shared decision-making in mental health care—A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services

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Katarina Grim

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Shared decision-making (SDM is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden. Methods: Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.'s model of SDM. Results: The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.

The determinants of medical technology adoption in different decisional systems: A systematic literature review.

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Varabyova, Yauheniya; Blankart, Carl Rudolf; Greer, Ann Lennarson; Schreyögg, Jonas

2017-03-01

Studies of determinants of adoption of new medical technology have failed to coalesce into coherent knowledge. A flaw obscuring strong patterns may be a common habit of treating a wide range of health care innovations as a generic technology. We postulate three decisional systems that apply to different medical technologies with distinctive expertise, interest, and authority: medical-individualistic, fiscal-managerial, and strategic-institutional decisional systems. This review aims to examine the determinants of the adoption of medical technologies based on the corresponding decision-making system. We included quantitative and qualitative studies that analyzed factors facilitating or inhibiting the adoption of medical technologies. In total, 65 studies published between 1974 and 2014 met our inclusion criteria. These studies contained 688 occurrences of variables that were used to examine the adoption decisions, and we subsequently condensed these variables to 62 determinants in four main categories: organizational, individual, environmental, and innovation-related. The determinants and their empirical association with adoption were grouped and analyzed by the three decision-making systems. Although we did not identify substantial differences across the decision-making systems in terms of the direction of the determinants' influence on adoption, a clear pattern emerged in terms of the categories of determinants that were targeted in different decision-making systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El sistema de control interno como instrumento de gestión para la adecuada toma de decisiones en la empresa servicentro primavera srl. 2015 - 2016

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Choez Machuca, Wilber Lebfred

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo tubo como problema de investigación conocer de qué manera el Sistema de Control Interno incide en una adecuada toma de decisiones en la empresa Servicentro Primavera SRL y el objetivo planteado fue: Conocer cómo incide el sistema de control interno en la adecuada toma de decisiones en Servicentro Primavera SRL., para lo cual se identificó el sistema de control interno actual en la empresa, es decir se revisó las políticas, prácticas, procedimientos en el proceso contable p...

Evaluación Psicológica de la Toma de Decisiones Éticas de Riesgo en Entorno Organizacional: Revisión Teórica

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Díaz Muelle, José Simón; Molano Ramírez, María Alejandra

2014-01-01

Este trabajo de investigación explora el proceso de toma de decisiones fundamentado desde la perspectiva psicológica. El campo de interés está centrado en la toma de decisiones éticas a nivel organizacional y las consecuencias que las zonas grises o las conductas de riesgo repercuten en las dinámicas económicas y sociales. Con base en el análisis de los escándalos financieros más importantes de Europa, Estados Unidos y Colombia, y la literatura ofrecida por las ciencias sociales, la ética y l...

Concordancia y utilidad de un sistema de estratificación para la toma de decisiones clínicas

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Ana Isabel González González

2017-04-01

Conclusión: La fuerza de concordancia obtenida fue moderada/buena; la incorporación de un agrupador en la HCE puede servir de ayuda como recordatorio para una toma de decisiones más proactiva/integrada según las necesidades sociosanitarias de las personas con enfermedades crónicas.

Asesoría en la toma de decisiones frente al aborto

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Vanegas Blanca Cecilia

1994-11-01

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Uno de los dilemas éticos más frecuentes a que se ve enfrentado el profesional de salud, se presenta cuando una mujer o pareja solicita asesoría en la toma de decisiones frente al aborto provocado, como alternativa de solución al embarazo indesearlo. El artículo hace una serie de reflexiones a considerar, antes de tomar la decisión, tales como: la gravedad del problema, el drama de la mujer, aspectos religiosos, éticos y consecuencias en el hijo indeseado. Finalmente, propone una serie de pasos que guían al profesional de salud para ofrecer la asesoría y reflexiones sobre su participación en medidas preventivas.

Depoliticization and Criminalization of Social Protest through Economic Decisionism: the Colombian Case

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María Carolina Olarte

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article argues that current manifestations of criminalization of protest in contexts rich in natural resources can be inscribed in a wider economic context that contributes to the neutralization of political claims to land, natural resources and self-determination. The first part suggests a view of the tendency to criminalize protests as underpinned by a biopolitical immunization of economic decisions from political contestation. By effecting a normative, impassable disjuncture between what is considered juridical-political and what is considered economic, a biopolitical articulation appears in order to functionally present economic decisions as technical and necessary, and consequently, non-political. The second part of the article presents a preliminary approach to the current configuration of criminalization of protests in Colombia. I argue that recent initiatives to criminalize protests exemplify the manner in which physical violence, whether realized or implied, is playing an important role in the legitimization, foundation, and operation of a new property regime characterized by a de facto land reform, a selective enforcement of property rights and an increasing shielding of economic decisions - concerning natural resources exploitation - from political debate. Este artículo sostiene que las actuales formas de criminalización de la protesta social en contextos de riqueza en recursos naturales, pueden estar inscritas dentro de un contexto más amplio, que contribuye a la neutralización de las luchas en torno a la tierra, los recursos naturales y la autodeterminación. La primera parte presenta una perspectiva de la tendencia a la criminalización de la protesta, justificada como un medio eficiente de inmunización biopolítica de las decisiones económicas y de la confrontación política. Al producir un desentendimiento entre lo que se considera jurídico-político y lo que se considera económico, aparece una articulación biopol

Lógica en la toma de decisiones de inversión en el sector de extracción de petróleo y gas natural

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Mendieta Serna, Diego Andres

2015-01-01

Este documento se centra en la presentación de información y análisis de la misma a la hora de establecer la manera en que empresas del sector de extracción de gas natural y generación de energía a base de dicho recurso, toman decisiones en cuanto a inversión, centrándose en la lógica que usan a la hora de emprender este proceso. Esto debido a la constante necesidad de establecer procesos que permitan tomar decisiones más acertadas, incluyendo todas las herramientas posibles para tal fin. ...

Factores que interfieren en la toma de decisiones de los contadores gerenciales o controllers de los hoteles: Un estudio en el sector hotelero de Florianópolis, Brasil

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de Freitas, Claudio Luiz; Lunkes, Rogério João

2011-01-01

En los últimos años surgieron diversos trabajos que exploran el rol del contador gerencial o controller en las organizaciones, principalmente en temas relacionados con las actividades y su participación en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Estos estudios identificaron las actividades, y los factores organizacionales y personales relacionados con el grado de compromiso en la toma de decisiones. En este sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los aspectos organizacional...

la influencia de la felicidad en las decisiones de inversión de activos de largo plazo para una muestra de siete gerentes financieros en la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2016.

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Poveda Achury, Juan Camilo

2016-01-01

El presente artículo contribuye con la investigación de las Finanzas Corporativas del Comportamiento, rama de las finanzas corporativas que considera que el individuo que toma decisiones financieras no es completamente racional y que por hecho existen sesgos psicológicos que influyen en sus decisiones. Este documento se enfoca, desde el punto de vista conceptual y también mediante el análisis de un estudio de campo, en la influencia de la felicidad en las decisiones de inversión en activos de...

La Inteligencia Artificial aplicada a la toma de decisiones en la Empresa de Internet

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Mª Carmen Lozano Gutiérrez

2004-09-01

Full Text Available En el presente documento de trabajo se presenta una aplicación de una metodología basada en distintas técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (redes neuronales, lógica difusa, así como técnicas bio-inspiradas basadas en el comportamiento de las hormigas al proceso de toma de decisiones de la empresa en red, para la consecución de un objetivo concreto como es el de lograr la maximización de los enlaces recorridos así como el logro de una óptima usabilidad del sitio.

The applicability of the decisional conflict scale in nursing home placement decision among Chinese family caregivers: A mixed methods approach

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Yu-Ping Chang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to 1 examine relationships between uncertainty, perceived information, personal values, social support, and filial obligation among Chinese family caregivers faced with nursing home placement of an older adult family member with dementia; and 2 describe the applicability of the Decisional Conflict Scale in nursing home placement decision making among Chinese family caregivers through the integration of quantitative and qualitative data. We used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptive and correlational statistics. We utilized a thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Data transformation and data comparison techniques were used to combine qualitative and quantitative data. Thirty Chinese family caregivers living in Taiwan caring for an older adult with dementia participated in this study. We found a significant association among the quantitative findings, which indicated that perceived information, personal values, social support, and filial obligation, and nursing home placement decisional conflict. Mixed-method data analysis additionally revealed that conflicting differences existed between the traditional role of Chinese family collective decision making and the contemporary role of single family member surrogate decision making. Although the Decisional Conflict Scale can be utilized when exploring nursing home placement for an older adult with dementia among Chinese family caregivers, applicability issues existed regarding cultural beliefs and values related to filial piety and family collectivism. Findings strongly support the need for researchers to consider cultural beliefs and values when selecting tools that assess health-related decision making across cultures. Further research is needed to explore the role culture plays in nursing home decision making.

High satisfaction and low decisional conflict with advance care planning among chronically ill patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure using an online decision aid: A pilot study.

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Van Scoy, Lauren J; Green, Michael J; Dimmock, Anne Ef; Bascom, Rebecca; Boehmer, John P; Hensel, Jessica K; Hozella, Joshua B; Lehman, Erik B; Schubart, Jane R; Farace, Elana; Stewart, Renee R; Levi, Benjamin H

2016-09-01

Many patients with chronic illnesses report a desire for increased involvement in medical decision-making. This pilot study aimed to explore how patients with exacerbation-prone disease trajectories such as advanced heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience advance care planning using an online decision aid and to compare whether patients with different types of exacerbation-prone illnesses had varied experiences using the tool. Pre-intervention questionnaires measured advance care planning knowledge. Post-intervention questionnaires measured: (1) advance care planning knowledge; (2) satisfaction with tool; (3) decisional conflict; and (4) accuracy of the resultant advance directive. Comparisons were made between patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Over 90% of the patients with heart failure (n = 24) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 25) reported being "satisfied" or "highly satisfied" with the tool across all satisfaction domains; over 90% of participants rated the resultant advance directive as "very accurate." Participants reported low decisional conflict. Advance care planning knowledge scores rose by 18% (p < 0.001) post-intervention. There were no significant differences between participants with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with advanced heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highly satisfied after using an online advance care planning decision aid and had increased knowledge of advance care planning. This tool can be a useful resource for time-constrained clinicians whose patients wish to engage in advance care planning. © The Author(s) 2016.

Decisional procrastination of school-to-work transition: Personality correlates of career indecision

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Bańka Augustyn

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Procrastination as putting off until tomorrow what one had intended to do today is well-known tendency in everyday life. In an attempt to understand the character of procrastination in different life-domains, a large body of research has been accumulated over the last decades. This article was aimed to evaluate a specific decisional procrastination of school-to-work transition (SWT that is treated as maturity postponement. Two studies are reported examining SWT procrastination defined as career indecision among Polish students graduating universities. In Study 1 (N=366, attitudinal and identity statuses were analyzed as correlates of career procrastination. A path analysis conducted for the model, which was aimed to explain the influence of career self-efficacy and occupational commitment on career indecision (dependent variable, revealed its very good fitness (RMSEA=.000. Those two independent variables explain 10% of career indecision variance. Stepwise multiple regression analyses conducted to ascertain relationship of five identity statuses (Brzezińska, Piotrowski, 2010 to procrastination measure (career indecision showed that Commitment Making and Ruminative Exploration are strongest predictor variables. In study 2 (N=157, the stepwise multiple regression analyses conducted to ascertain the independent relationship of each of Big Five personality factor revealed that Neuroticism and Extraversion accounts of the most of explained variance of school-to-work transition procrastination.

A comparison of face to face and group education on informed choice and decisional conflict of pregnant women about screening tests of fetal abnormalities

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Kordi, Masoumeh; Riyazi, Sahar; Lotfalizade, Marziyeh; Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi; Suny, Hoseyn Jafari

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: Screening of fetal anomalies is assumed as a necessary measurement in antenatal cares. The screening plans aim at empowerment of individuals to make the informed choice. This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of group and face-to-face education and decisional conflicts among the pregnant females regarding screening of fetal abnormalities. METHODS: This study of the clinical trial was carried out on 240 pregnant women at education course were held in two weekly sessions for intervention groups during two consecutive weeks, and the usual care was conducted for the control group. The rate of informed choice and decisional conflict was measured in pregnant women before education and also at weeks 20–22 of pregnancy in three groups. The data analysis was executed using SPSS statistical software (version 16), and statistical tests were implemented including Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Mann–Whitney U-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Tukey's range test. The P education group, 64 members (80%) in group education class, and 20 persons (25%) in control group had the informed choice regarding screening tests, but there was no statistically significant difference between two individual and group education classes. Similarly, during the postintervention phase, there was a statistically significant difference in mean score of decisional conflict scale among pregnant women regarding screening tests in three groups (P = 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: With respect to effectiveness of group and face-to-face education methods in increasing the informed choice and reduced decisional conflict in pregnant women regarding screening tests, each of these education methods may be employed according to the clinical environment conditions and requirement to encourage the women for conducting the screening tests. PMID:29417066

Generación de trayectorias y toma de decisiones para uavs

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Gonzalo Pajares

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La generación de trayectorias y la replanificación de las mismas en entornos hostiles para UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles es una disciplina en auge. Los entornos hostiles se caracterizan por la presencia de amenazas, modeladas aquí como radares. Inicialmente se planifica una ruta. Si en vuelo surgen nuevas amenazas, la ruta inicial se replanifica. En ambos casos las rutas se obtienen mediante el algoritmo A*. Ante una replanificación el UAV toma una decisión sobre si continuar por la ruta inicial o por la replanificada. La teoría de la decisión multiatributo proporciona en este caso el mecanismo adecuado. Palabras clave: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, plan de vuelo, replanificación, toma de decisiones, teoría de la utilidad, amenazas, riesgo

Sistema integrado para toma de decisiones en el diseño de estructuras de hormigón

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Armengou, J.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a methodology to analyze decisions in the design of concrete structures. Specifically, we propose a multi-criteria approach to assess the value implications of precast concrete technologies versus in-situ concrete solutions. First, we emphasize the importance of careful decision-making in early stages of construction projects to enhance customer value. Second, we present a decisionmaking methodology that uses fuzzy logic to represent and synthesize information about risk-return tradeoffs in the different kinds of variables involved in the evaluation of a project’s value. To illustrate, we use our methodology to analyze precast vs. in-situ solutions in the design of drainage structures. The results of our analysis point at precast solutions as the most desirable design choice in this setting, and highlight the importance of value analysis in early stages of construction projects.

El presente artículo hace una breve reflexión sobre las alternativas in situ y prefabricadas para estructuras de hormigón, justificando la necesidad de profundizar en métodos multicriterio como ayuda a la toma de decisiones. Manifiesta la trascendencia de la calidad en las decisiones más allá de este ámbito concreto, así como su influencia en la mayor eficiencia de las obras. Presenta luego un sistema de ayuda a la toma de decisiones basado en matemática difusa, que considera el valor de cada alternativa contemplando el riesgo inherente. Para ilustrarlo desarrolla un ejemplo aplicado a pasos inferiores que pueden resolverse mediante prefabricación o in situ. Efectuándolo por completo, llega a dos conclusiones principales: la bondad de la herramienta presentada y cómo la solución prefabricada, en este caso, aporta mayor valor. Concluye también que todo buen gestor debe plantearse su toma de decisión desde los inicios de cualquier proyecto, empleando herramientas como la presentada.

Uma análise do comportamento empreendedor e do processo decisional de presidentes de associações apícolas no rio grande do sul

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Leticia Lengler

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This study purposes to relate the entrepreneurial profile and the decision making process of rural producers in collective organizations. Therefore, it’s aimed to identify the decisional process and the entrepreneurial profile of the presidents of two beekeeping associations located in the central area of Rio Grande do Sul. To reach these goals, the research used information from the two presidents through a two part questionnaire, one part regarding the decisional process and the other regarding the entrepreneurial profile. This way, it was possible to identify that the two presidents showed an entrepreneurial potential, however one of them takes decisions more individually them collectively.

Efecto del tipo de colocación en el comportamiento visual y la toma de decisiones en bloqueadores de voleibol

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Sara Vila-Maldonado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar el comportamiento visual y de la toma de decisiones de jugadores de voleibol en la acción del bloqueo, ante dos situaciones diferentes de colocación: en apoyo y en salto. La muestra estaba compuesta por siete jugadores (25,14 ± 3,98 años de edad de categoría absoluta, que participaban durante el juego en la acción del bloqueo. Todos los participantes competían en liga FEV. Se utilizó el sistema de registro de los movimientos oculares Mobile Eye de los laboratorios ASL para analizar el comportamiento visual, y el software Suberlab 4.0 para analizar la toma de decisiones. Los resultados muestran que los jugadores de voleibol usan diferentes estrategias visuales en los dos tipos de colocación analizadas; además la fijación balón-muñeca es la más repetida.

Las voluntades anticipadas y su utilización en la toma de decisiones

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Nuria Terribas Sala

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Enfrentar la muerte como final inevitable de todo ser humano es una cuestión que ha preocupado a la humanidad desde sus orígenes y ha motivado innumerable literatura en todos los tiempos. Quizás por esta razón, la actuación del profesional sanitario en el tramo final de la vida de sus pacientes se ha enmarado tradicionalmente en la toma de decisiones individuales o bien de forma conjunta con la familia del enfermo, debatiéndose entre su máxima aspiración de salvar esa vida y la aceptación del desenlace inevitable como consecuencia de la enfermedad.

Subjective and objective knowledge and decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls

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Riechel C

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Christina Riechel,1,* Anna Christina Alegiani,1,* Sascha Köpke,2 Jürgen Kasper,3,4 Michael Rosenkranz,1,5 Götz Thomalla,1 Christoph Heesen1,4 1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 2Nursing Research Unit, Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; 3Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; 4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 5Department of Neurology, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Risk knowledge and active role preferences are important for patient involvement in treatment decision-making and adherence. Although knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors has received considerable attention, objective knowledge on secondary prevention and further self-esteem subjective knowledge have rarely been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate knowledge and treatment decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls. Methods: We performed a survey on subjective and objective stroke risk knowledge and autonomy preferences in cerebrovascular patients from our stroke outpatient clinic (n=262 and from pedestrians on the street taken as controls during a “World Stroke Day” (n=274. The questionnaire includes measures for knowledge and decisional role preferences from previously published questionnaires and newly developed measures, for example, subjective knowledge, revealed on a visual analog scale. Results: The overall stroke knowledge was low to moderate, with no differences between patients and controls. Knowledge about secondary prevention was particularly low. Only 10%–15% of participants correctly estimated the stroke absolute risk reduction potential of aspirin. The medical data

LA GESTIÓN DE INDICADORES EMPRESARIALES CON LÓGICA DIFUSA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

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MARTÍN DARÍO ARANGO SERNA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En las organizaciones actuales la tomade decisiones está acompañada de cierto grado deincertidumbre, lo que no permite planificar sobre resultadosciertos. En algunas ocasiones medir estosresultados también implica incertidumbre asociadacon la ambigüedad o subjetividad del instrumentoutilizado. Como solución para este problema, sepropone un sistema de medición y análisis basadoen el Balance Scorecard que incorpora técnicas delógicas difusas para disminuir la incidencia de estaincertidumbre en los procesos de toma y análisis dedecisiones.

SISTEMAS DE SOPORTE DE DECISIONES PARA LA CREACIÓN DE MODELOS NUMÉRICOS HIDRODINÁMICOS

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Fernando Toro

Full Text Available Este artículo hace una corta descripción de las fases y pasos durante el desarrollo de un modelo numérico hidrodinámico y de las características que debe tener un Sistema de Soporte de Decisiones (SSD que asista al investigador en esta actividad. El SSD maneja, integra y analiza los resultados numéricos del modelo y los datos de campo, que se han incrementado mucho debido a los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas en este ramo.

Evaluación de las Habilidades Cognoscitivas para la Toma de Decisiones: Un Estudio Comparativo entre los Estudiantes y los Profesionales de la Salud Pública-Edición Única

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Igor Martín Ramos Herrera

2007-01-01

Se presenta un estudio transeccional, correlacional y no experimental que compara las habilidades cognoscitivas para tomar decisiones de los estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias de la salud, estudiantes de posgrado en salud pública y profesores de salud pública de la Universidad de Guadalajara, así como de una parte del personal que labora en la Secretaría de Salud Jalisco. El objetivo fue comparar la capacidad para tomar decisiones en salud pública de estos cuatro grupos a ...

La disonancia cognitiva y trampa de la memoria en decisiones de Inversión: caso colombiano

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Acevedo Pulido, Camila

2016-01-01

Este documento es el resultado de una investigación bajo el enfoque de Finanzas Corporativas del Comportamiento, disciplina relevante en el mundo financiero desde el 2002 y que hasta el momento poco se ha investigado en Colombia. Esta difiere del supuesto tradicional de la racionalidad de los individuos en la toma de decisiones financieras, ya que pueden ser influenciadas por sesgos cognitivos y emocionales que la teoría ortodoxa no tiene en cuenta en sus supuestos. Esta investigación busca ...

Fall prevention modulates decisional saccadic behaviour in aging

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Olivier A. Coubard

2012-07-01

Full Text Available As society ages and frequency of falls increases in older adults, counteracting motor decline is a challenging issue for developed countries. Physical activity based on aerobic and strength training as well as motor activity based on skill learning both help benefit balance and reduce the risk of falls, as assessed by clinical or laboratory measures. However, how such programs influence motor control is a neglected issue. This study examined the effects of fall prevention (FP training on saccadic control in older adults. Saccades were recorded in twelve participants aged 64-91 years before and after 2.5-month training in FP. Traditional analysis of saccade timing and dynamics was performed together with a quantitative analysis using the LATER model, enabling us to examine the underlying motor control processes. Results indicated that FP reduced the rate of anticipatory and express saccades in inappropriate directions and enhanced that of express saccades in the appropriate direction, resulting in decreased latency and higher left-right symmetry of motor responses. FP reduced within-participant variability of saccade duration, amplitude, and peak velocity. LATER analysis suggested that FP modulates decisional thresholds, extending our knowledge of motor training influence on central motor control. We introduce the TIMER-RIDER model to account for the results.

Nivel de conocimiento de la gestión administrativa para la toma de decisiones de Instituciones Educativas Primarias Rurales de la provincia de Urubamba, región Cusco 2012

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Santiestaban, Matto Marleny

2014-01-01

La presente investigación titulada "Nivel de conocimiento de la gestión administrativa para la toma de decisiones de las instituciones educativas primarias rurales de la provincia de Urubamba, Región Cusco 2012" es un estudio que consiste en determinar la relación que existe entre las variables de gestión administrativa y toma de decisiones, relación que se ha determinado como resultado de todas las actividades metodológicas y procedimentales que se han desplegado para su realización. Esta in...

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR THE DECISIONAL PROCESS

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Chiriac Silviu

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The contemporary evolution of accounting led to the elaboration of an information system which connects all the organizational structures of a company, in which the accounting information system is the basic component of the information system. It responds to information requirements of other departments as well as to external factors. This study is meant to show the importance that we have to give to accounting information, addressing it according to the sources where found and its areas of application. The following study reviews the main articles and books that have approached the study of the „accounting information” from a decisional view. Our research is a qualitative approach, by a theoretical point of view. A review of the local and foreign literature has been made. The starting point of this work relates to the fact that that the main source for the informational sistem is accountancy, without it the system could not exist. In the first part of this study, we have reviewed the actual level of knowledge about accountancy presented by a selection of authors that have studied this subject. After presenting the authors, we have reviewed the way in which the national and international regulators have referred to the subject. The informational needs of the internal users depend on a large scale on the size of the entity; as an example, the management of a smaller company will give a high level of importance for any accounting information, while a larger company’s informational needs are more diverse and are usually grouped according to the organization chart. Based on the accounting information, you cand realise a measurement system of economic performance. To exemplify the importance that the accounting information requires, we have presented the areas of use required. At the entity’s level we have graphically presented possibilities of capitalisation of the accounting information concluding that this represents the key to the

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES. A SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONAL FACTORS AND PROCESS

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Livia Oltean

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Having an increased complexity, the internationalization process of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs becomes, in the context of globalization and of the freedom of circulation of goods, services, and capital, a decisive factor of both the evolution of the company and the economic force distribution report on the market. The evolution of the world economic system opened a wide action field for small and medium sized companies, who had to adapt to new rules. The internationalization of SMEs is no longer an option, but it becomes a condition of their existence. A high importance in this process belongs to the way decisions are made, both regarding the target market and the entry option, the way entry barriers are overcome and the promotional techniques in this extended business environment. A synthetic analysis of the decisional factors and process is needed in order to fully and correctly understand the internationalization strategies adopted by SMEs. This paper is built around three major objectives, with the scope of determining the SMEs’ internationalization decisions, as well s the impediments met in the process. The paper contributes to the literature in the field of the internationalization of SMEs through the analysis and interpretation of the results acquired during the study regarding their behavior towards the activity expansion on international markets.

LOS SERVICIOS DE INTELIGENCIA EMPRESARIAL PARA EL APOYO A LAS DECISIONES SOBRE LA ORIENTACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES

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Sonallys Sáchez-Reyes

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La inteligencia empresarial ofrece productos informativos de valor añadido que sustentan la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones. Estos incluyen la recopilación, el procesamiento y el análisis de diferentes tipos de información, sobre: el mercado, las tecnologías, las regulaciones y el medio ambiente; entre otros; en dependencia de los objetivos y por tanto de las necesidades de las entidades. En particular, aquellos que se orientan al apoyo de las decisiones estratégicas requieren del conocimiento de la situación externa – del micro y el macroentorno – y de las condiciones internas de la organización. Según la experiencia de la Consultoría Biomundi/IDICT (Cuba en este tipo de servicios, la participación activa tanto de los clientes como de los consultores, garantiza que se obtengan resultados que satisfagan las expectativas de aquellos. En el presente trabajo se ofrecen las características y los resultados de dos servicios de consultoría, en los que se utilizaron algunas técnicas de análisis cualitativo, que favorecieron la gestión de la información interna de las organizaciones y la obtención de un conocimiento para la toma de decisiones. Se presentan como estudios de caso la elaboración de un proyecto -mediante la matriz de marco lógico- para establecer el sistema de ciencia e innovación (SCeI en la zona especial de desarrollo del Mariel (ZEDM; y un análisis de prefactibilidad, para la diversificación productiva de una empresa cubana que se instalará en la ZEDM y debe responder a su SCeI.

Modelo de uso de información para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información

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Yunier RODRÍGUEZ-CRUZ

Full Text Available Resumen Se presenta un modelo de uso de información para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en organizaciones de información cubanas. Su concepción parte del reconocimiento de las características de la toma de decisiones en los contextos organizacionales, enfatizando en el nivel estratégico de decisión. Esta caracterización profundiza sobre las particularidades de las decisiones estratégicas y las ventajas y capacidades organizacionales que genera, así como los diferentes componentes intrínsecos del proceso: situación-problema, individuo, información y elementos contextuales. La investigación se sustenta en la Fenomenografía como método de investigación, la que permite examinar los componentes y las relaciones que intervienen en el proceso de decisión a nivel estratégico. La propuesta de modelo de uso de información se sustenta en tres dimensiones: una dimensión informacional, una dimensión de comportamiento ante el uso de información y una dimensión contextual. Cada una de estas responde a los componentes particulares del proceso y esta relación contribuye considerablemente a establecer una propuesta que reconoce la información, procesos informacionales y sistemas de información, así como las especificidades del uso de información derivado del comportamiento de los decisores y los diversos procesos gerenciales que inciden y garantizan la creación de mejores y mayores capacidades organizacionales para llevar a cabo los procesos de decisión estratégicos.

Validity and Stability of the Decisional Balance for Sun Protection Inventory

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Hui-Qing Yin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The 8-item Decisional Balance for sun protection inventory (SunDB assesses the relative importance of the perceived advantages (Pros and disadvantages (Cons of sun protective behaviors. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SunDB measure, including invariance of the measurement model, in a population-based sample of N=1336 adults. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretically based 2-factor (Pros, Cons model, with high internal consistencies for each subscale (α≥.70. Multiple-sample CFA established that this factor pattern was invariant across multiple population subgroups, including gender, racial identity, age, education level, and stage of change subgroups. Multivariate analysis by stage of change replicated expected patterns for SunDB (Pros η2=.15, Cons η2=.02. These results demonstrate the internal and external validity and measurement stability of the SunDB instrument in adults, supporting its use in research and intervention.

Sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial

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Karel Manuel Domínguez-Rodríguez; Lino Téllez-Sánchez

2011-01-01

Se abordaron aspectos relacionados con el apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de negociación comercial teniendo en cuenta que ese proceso es una herramienta informática cuya finalidad es dinamizarlo, mediante la generación y evaluación sistemática de diferentes alternativas y escenarios de negocios, que permiten demostrar la viabilidad de la propuesta. El sistema asesora la actuación profesional en correspondencia con la necesidad que durante el proceso de negociación se anticipen est...

Diseño de sistema experto para toma de decisiones de compra de materiales

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Carlos A. Torres Navarro; Javier A. Córdova Neira

2014-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la factibilidad de integración entre las teorías de inventarios y de sistemas expertos a través del diseño de un sistema informático basado en el conocimiento para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones en el área de logística y abastecimiento de una empresa forestal líder en Latino América. La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión de publicaciones científicas de acceso online sobre modelos de inventarios, criterios de clasificación mu...

Shared decision-making in mental health care—A user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services

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Katarina Grim; David Rosenberg; Petra Svedberg; Ulla-Karin Schön

2016-01-01

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prere...

Mediation analysis of decisional balance, sun avoidance and sunscreen use in the precontemplation and preparation stages for sun protection.

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Santiago-Rivas, Marimer; Velicer, Wayne F; Redding, Colleen

2015-01-01

Mediation analyses of sun protection were conducted testing structural equation models using longitudinal data with three waves. An effect was said to be mediated if the standardised path between processes of change, decisional balance and sun protection outcomes was significant. Longitudinal models of sun protection using data from individuals in the precontemplation (N = 964) and preparation (N = 463) stages who participated of an expert system intervention. Nine processes of change for sun protection, decisional balance constructs of sun protection (pros and cons), sun avoidance behaviour and sunscreen use. With the exception of two processes in the preparation stage, processes of change predicted the pros (r = .126-.614), and the pros predicted the outcomes (r = .181-.272). Three models with the cons as mediator in the preparation stage, and none in the precontemplation stage, showed a mediated relationship between processes and outcomes. In general, mediation analyses found both the process of change-to-pros and pros-to-behaviour paths significant for both precontemplation and preparation stages, and for both sun avoidance and sunscreen use outcomes. Findings provide support for the importance of assessing the role of underlying risk cognitions in improving sun protection adherence.

Association of Self-efficacy and Decisional Balance with Stages of Change for Fiber Intake and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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Parisa Keshani

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Background and Objectives: Constructs of behavioral models such as trans-theoretical model can be associated with healthy eating behaviors like increasing fiber intake. They can also be effective in improving these behaviors in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the association of self-efficacy and decisional balance with stages of change for fiber intake and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 literate male and female patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 30 to 65 years they were randomly selected from the patients’ list of “Charity Foundation for Special Diseases” and ”Iranian Diabetes Society” in Tehran-Iran. Stages of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance questionnaires were filled out, and three food records were used to assess their nutritional status. Blood samples were taken to assess fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin, and insulin resistance. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The tests were done using the SPSS software (ver. 16. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 126 patients with type 2 diabetes completed the study. Participants’ mean age was 53.5±6.02 and 65% were men. Patients in post-action stages revealed higher self-efficacy than did those in pre-action stages (P=0.035. A relationship was observed between insulin resistance and self-efficacy (P=0.040. One unit increase in self-efficacy decreased the risk of insulin resistance by 12%, and each unit increase in decisional balance increased the chance of eating sufficient fiber by 2.2 times. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived cons (P<0.0001 and self-efficacy (P=0.037 with fiber intake after adjustment with confounders. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a relationship between transtheoretical model constructs such as self-efficacy and decisional balance, especially cons, with

Decisiones en reacciones adversas a medicamentos, intoxicaciones y respuestas inesperadas de productos naturales como problema de salud pública

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Pedro P. Álvarez-Falconí

2007-10-01

Full Text Available En esta revisión se evalúa la información relevante sobre diversas reacciones adversas severas atribuidas a medicamentos de relativa reciente introducción en el mercado mundial, intoxicaciones por medicamentos contaminados, así como respuestas inesperadas adversas de productos naturales, todo lo cual contribuyó a la toma y adopción de decisiones en el pasado y en el presente, por organismos reguladores en medicamentos en diversos países. Se exploran a grandes perfiles las acciones relacionadas con los pilares de las políticas de medicamentos, los sucesos históricos y actuales calificados como desastres o tragedias en salud pública en el uso de medicamentos en el siglo pasado y presente, a fin de ofrecer un panorama básico en este manejo. Se incluyeron efectos que afectaron la salud por el empleo de algunos productos naturales para prestar atención a su implicancia en la práctica médica. Se comentan y discuten las decisiones de los organismos reguladores internacionales, los enormes gastos en salud pública por reacciones adversas, las estrategias que han contribuido a evitar perjuicios en la sociedad por reacciones adversas de medicamentos innovadores y antiguos. Se contribuye en afianzar los conceptos de responsabilidad empresarial y gubernamental, estándares científicos, éticos y seguridad de los medicamentos, la importancia del control de calidad, bioética, buenas prácticas clínicas en la investigación científica en medicamentos, buenas prácticas de manufactura y evitar prácticas corruptas. Se reafirma que el éxito de la medicina moderna se debe en magnitud importante a los medicamentos y dentro de ellos a los innovadores. Las decisiones oportunas de los expertos se orientan a evitar tragedias, sufrimientos y gastos innecesarios por reacciones adversas a medicamentos y consecuentemente eludir problemas en salud pública.

Modelo de inteligencia de negocio para la toma de decisiones en la empresa San Roque S.A.

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AUTOR: S??nchez Guevara, Omar Antonio

2014-01-01

Las empresas comercializadoras de dulces tradicionales crecen en el mercado peruano, esto obliga a dichas empresas a volverse m??s competitivas y para ello toman decisiones las cuales presentan riesgos, por lo tanto para minimizar el riesgo es esencial la cantidad y calidad de informaci??n que se tiene disponible, tal es el caso de la empresa San Roque S.A. donde la informaci??n disponible para generar y analizar las propuestas de las posibles promociones de ventas, es insuficiente, generando...

Hacia una gestión de marketing socialmente responsable: decisiones de compra y de comunicación

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Morillo Moreno, Milangela del Carmen

2009-01-01

En el presente trabajo se aborda el marketing como sistema de pensamiento organizacional, enfocado en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC), para lo cual se consideran varias posturas acerca de su significado. Las decisiones de compra y la comunicación involucran una elevada responsabilidad social. Éstas incluyen el papel de los medios de comunicación como parte integrante de la gestión de marketing. Entre sus principales resultados destacan que la RSC beneficia la colectivi...

CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÓMICAS Y CONSISTENCIA EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

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Jhon James Mora

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo analiza cuál es el efecto de las características socioeconómicas sobre la consistencia en las preferencias cuando los agentes se encuentran eligiendo entre loterías. El análisis parte de realizar la prueba de ALLAIS, sobre la consistencia en las elecciones, a los estudiantes de la carrera de Economía y Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad Icesi y, se encuentra que el sexo, el estrato socioeconómico, el ingreso, la edad y el semestre en forma conjunta no son relevantes para explicar la consistencia en las preferencias. Sin embargo, también se observa que la CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÓMICAS Y CONSISTENCIA EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES JOHN JAMES MORA1 Economista, Universidad del Valle, Maestría Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Jefe del Departamento de Economía, Universidad Icesi. email: jjmora@icesi.edu.co edad y el semestre podrían ayudar a explicar la consistencia.

La toma de decisiones multicriterio eficaces en el ámbito de la pequeña y mediana empresa: el establecimiento de los objetivos y la determinación de los criterios

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Fernández Barberis, Gabriela

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las condiciones que define y caracteriza al empresario o directivo es que, en la empresa, él es la persona que toma las decisiones de importancia. Esta es una responsabilidad que ningún empresario o directivo puede eludir. Ahora bien, todo ser humano, por las propias condiciones en que se desenvuelve en la vida, se ve forzado, desde que supera el período de la primera infancia, a adoptar continuamente múltiples y variadas decisiones. No obstante, se plantean numerosos problemas y se ha dedicado mucho esfuerzo y tiempo a analizar, con todo tipo de detalles, los procesos de toma de decisiones multicriterio que se producen en el ámbito empresarial. Una vez superada la primera etapa del proceso, identificada como “el planteamiento de la situación” es necesario proceder al próximo paso, de crucial y vital importancia para la eficacia y eficiencia de la empresa y se refiere a “el establecimiento de los objetivos”. Mientras el planteamiento de la situación nos indica dónde estamos, el establecimiento de los objetivos nos señala dónde queremos ir. Adicionalmente, una de las funciones principales que cumple el establecimiento de los objetivos en el proceso de toma de decisiones consiste en establecer múltiples criterios, usualmente en conflicto entre sí, que se utilizarán para evaluar las distintas alternativas de decisión. De esta forma, en el presente trabajo se estudia con cierto grado de detalle el establecimiento de los objetivos y la determinación de los criterios dentro del proceso de toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la pequeña y mediana empresa. La extensión del análisis de decisión multicriterio al ámbito empresarial permite así afrontar situaciones que son directa y perentoriamente conflictivas, y que requieren una solución en el más breve plazo posible.

Análisis de la evolución de la Neuroeconomía en la Toma decisiones

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Cortés Bernales, Edgar

2016-01-01

La investigación se ha orientado, partiendo del origen y la evolución de la neurociencia, hacia los efectos que otorga la toma de decisiones, donde la interdisciplinariedad existente en la neurociencia, nos muestra una complementariedad e “integración” entre diversas disciplinas, que permite el reordenamiento de los saberes y dar cabida a nuevos planteamientos científicos -- Contamos por una parte con las ciencias cognitivas, las cuales tienen su origen en seis disciplinas: la lingüística, la...

DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE COSTOS PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN UNA EMPRESA DE SALUD

OpenAIRE

Lezcano, German Eduardo

2016-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN -- METODOLOGÍA -- RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN -- 1. ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO BIBLIOGRÁFICO SOBRE COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE SERVICIO EN EMPRESAS DE SALUD -- 2. ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO DE "CLÍNICA PRIVADA ESTÉTICA Y RECONSTRUCTIVA -- DISEÑO DEL PLAN PARA "CLÍNICA PRIVADA ESTÉTICA Y RECONSTRUCTIVA" EN BASE A LOS MÉTODOS DE COSTEO -- CONCLUSIONES -- BIBLIOGRAFIA El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar un sistema de costos para la toma de decisiones en una empresa de salud radicada en la ciudad d...

Un sistema di supporto alla decisione per facilitare nuove azioni di finanziamento in ambito pubblico

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Maria Franca Norese

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Un approfondimento analitico sulle modalità di finanziamento che hanno interessato la Regione Piemonte, sviluppato con il contributo di chi vi ha operato direttamente, ha permesso di acquisire, codificare e organizzare importanti elementi di conoscenza e di proporne l’uso per accrescere la cultura valutativa in Regione. Un accresciuto interesse a rendere più efficienti le azioni di finanziamento pubblico ha spinto ad utilizzare i risultati dell’analisi effettuata in un modello multicriteri di valutazione e in un sistema di supporto alla decisione rivolto a facilitare i nuovi processi di finanziamento e rendere operative attività di monitoraggio in un contesto di apprendimento organizzativo.

Procesos drv: la toma de decisiones como entrenamiento para equipos de trabajo

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José Luis Zanazzi

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un método orientado a facilitar la toma de decisiones en equipos de trabajo. La propuesta utiliza herramientas de la Teoría de Utilidad Multiatributo, combinadas con Estadística. El artículo contiene una revisión de contribuciones al problema de la decisión con múltiples decisores, y una reflexión sobre características y requerimientos de las prácticas grupales. Además, se describen los fundamentos conceptuales del método. Se  enumeran y explican los pasos necesarios para su aplicación. El método se ejemplifica con la capacitación de un equipo responsable por el desarrollo de un sistema de mantenimiento preventivo. En ésta y otras experiencias, la propuesta resultó motivadora, con buen nivel de logros y amplia colaboración de los participantes. Esta contribución se diferencia de otros aportes, porque visualiza el proceso de toma de decisiones como una interesante posibilidad de capacitación grupal y, por ello, orienta su estrategia a posibilitar el intercambio de conocimientos, afianzar liderazgos, aumentar la cohesión interna y favorecer el compromiso con la decisión adoptada. This paper presents a method designed to facilitate group decision making. The proposal relies on tools of the Multiattribute Utility Theory combined with Statistics. The article contains a review of contributions to the problem of multiple decision makers and a reflection on the characteristics and requirements of group practices. It describes the conceptual foundations of the method and it also identifies and explains the steps needed for implementation. The method is exemplified with the training of a team responsible for the development of a preventive maintenance system. In this and other experiences, the proposal was motivating, with good level of achievements and ex-tensive collaboration of the participants. This contribution differs from others because it considers the decision making process as an interesting

INFLUENCIA DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEMOGRÁFICAS Y SITUACIONALES EN LA SATISFACCIÓN Y TOMA DE DECISIONES DE LAS ACTIVIDADES TURÍSTICAS A TRAVÉS DEL MOBILE MARKETING

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Lázaro Florido-Benítez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La democratización del medio digital en las polis turísticas, ha hecho que los humanos se transformen en personas bifuncionales (Humano-smartphone, estos dispositivos han cambiando el paradigma en la toma de decisiones de las actividades turísticas cuando viajamos y, por ende, condicionan al turista su nivel de satisfacción global de su entorno más inmediato. Las factores demográficos y situacionales, son el germen de la adopción de la toma de decisiones de actividades como: búsqueda de información, nuevas experiencias o la compra de productos y servicios a través de los teléfonos inteligentes.

Greater autonomy at work

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Houtman, I.L.D.

2004-01-01

In the past 10 years, workers in the Netherlands increasingly report more decision-making power in their work. This is important for an economy in recession and where workers face greater work demands. It makes work more interesting, creates a healthier work environment, and provides opportunities

Tipos de lógica utilizadas en la toma de decisiones estratégicas de marketing

OpenAIRE

Garzón Rivera, Marcela; Boyacá Torres, Natalia María

2015-01-01

Para el administrador el proceso de la toma de decisiones es uno de sus mayores retos y responsabilidades, ya que en su desarrollo se debe definir el camino más acertado en un sin número de alternativas, teniendo en cuenta los obstáculos sociales, políticos y económicos del entorno empresarial. Para llegar a la decisión adecuada no hay que perder de vista los objetivos y metas propuestas, además de tener presente el proceso lógico, detectando, analizando y demostrando el porqué de esa ele...

Framing effects on expectations, decisions, and side effects experienced: the case of influenza immunization.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Connor, A M; Pennie, R A; Dales, R E

1996-11-01

To examine the effects of using positive or negative frames to describe influenza vaccine benefits and side effects on patients' expectations, decisions, decisional conflict, and reported side effects. 292 previously unimmunized patients with chronic respiratory or cardiac disease were randomly assigned to receive benefit/risk information that was framed: (1) positively as the percentage who remain free of influenza and have no vaccine side effects, or (2) negatively as the percentage who acquire influenza and have vaccine side effects. Questionnaires elicited expectations, decisions, and decisional conflict. Vaccines were telephoned 3 days later for a self-report of local and systemic side effects and work absenteeism. Both groups had similar immunization rates and decisional conflict scores. The positive frame group had lower and more realistic expectations of vaccine side effects, fewer systemic side effects, and less work absenteeism (p framing did not influence patients' decisions, possibly due to the patients' awareness of their higher risk of influenza complications and greater desire to follow recommendations. The common practice of using negative frames when describing probabilities of side effects may need to be reexamined, considering its deleterious influence on self-reported side effects and work absenteeism.

Pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios en las decisiones en las comisarías de familia de Bogotá: casos de violencia de pareja contra la mujer

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Martha Stella Ospino Rodríguez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el estudio que establece la asociación de las pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios con las decisiones de los operadores de justicia en las Comisarías de Familia de Bogotá; para lo cual, se realizó una investigación con diseño analítico de corte transversal descriptivo con 47 mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja que solicitaron medida de protección en el Centro de Atención Integral contra la Violencia Intrafamiliar (CAVIF. Se analizaron los fallos de las medidas de protección definitivas impuestas en 16 comisarías de familia de 13 localidades de Bogotá. Los resultados mostraron que no existe asociación entre la utilización de las pericias psicológicas, dictamen de lesiones no fatales del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF, informes sociales, denuncias de Fiscalía y testimonios de terceros, con las decisiones tomadas por los comisarios de familia. Solo se encontró asociación entre la aceptación de cargos, con las decisiones de aprobación de acuerdo conciliatorio y conminación a no agresión del accionado.

Relación entre el modelo de diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA – Tarapoto, 2016

OpenAIRE

Bermudes Valles, Jorge Luis

2016-01-01

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la relación entre el modelo del diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA - Tarapoto. Año 2016; se tuvo como hipótesis de trabajo Ho: La relación entre el modelo de diseño organizacional y la delegación de toma de decisiones del equipo de trabajo de la oficina de DEVIDA - Tarapoto. Año 2016. Es directa y positiva, para contrastar ello se utilizó el diseño no experimenta...

CONVENIENCIA DE LA CIRUGÌA PROFILÁCTICA DEL TERCER MOLAR RETENIDO: UN ANÁLISIS DE DECISIONES

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Adriana Ramírez

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. La proporción de cirugías de terceros molares que se realizan de manera profiláctica es difícil de estimar de manera precisa y depende en muchos casos de la definición que se dé para éste término. Objetivo. Determinar entre pacientes y cirujanos cuál es la alternativa más útil para plantear la cirugía profiláctica de los terceros molares retenidos asintomáticos. Material y métodos. Un análisis de decisiones clínicas (modelo de árbol de decisiones se utilizó para definir el tratamiento del tercer molar retenido asintomático. Las probabilidades para los desenlaces fueron obtenidos de la literatura. Las utilidades o preferencia fueron asignadas independientemente por pacientes y cirujanos. Resultados. La alternativa más conveniente para los pacientes fue la No extracción, mientras que para los cirujanos, la Si extracción. La decisión de los cirujanos resultó inestable al efectuar el análisis de sensibilidad bivariado al modificarse algunos valores asignados en el modelo, mientras que se mantuvo entre los pacientes. Conclusión. Las diferencias en las utilidades asignadas por pacientes y cirujanos, podrían deberse a la falta de información ofrecida al grupo de pacientes y a la diferencia de intereses entre unos y otros, si esto se corrige, la discrepancia entre los dos grupos logrará cerrarse, y a lo mejor podrían llegar a encontrar que la misma decisión es verdaderamente la más conveniente para ambos.

Tecnologías de información en la toma de decisiones operativas en empresas petroleras del estado Zulia

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Romero, Mildred

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI han surgido como nuevas herramientas que transforman la manera tradicional de hacer las cosas, facilitando la automatización en actividades tanto operativas como administrativas en las organizaciones y mejorando el manejo de información. Atendiendo a la relevancia que han tomado las TI, el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo analizar la influencia de las tecnologías de información en la delegación de autoridad, y en la eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad de las decisiones operativas en las empresas del sector petrolero del estado Zulia. Fundamentándose para ello en los postulados de autores como Daft (2007, Domínguez et al. (1995, Fernández et al. (2003, Oz (2001, entre otros. La población objeto de estudio la conforman las empresas que prestan servicios a pozo. Llevándose a cabo una investigación de tipo descriptiva- transeccional con un diseño no experimental. Como resultado se pudo apreciar que las TI en las empresas del sector petrolero del estado Zulia han presentado mayor relevancia en la eficacia organizacional, es decir, han logrado las metas propuestas, sin embargo, los mismos resultados no son notorios en la eficiencia y efectividad. Palabras clave: Tecnologías de información, decisiones, operativo.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN DE VALOR EMPLEADA EN LAS DECISIONES AMBIENTALES POR LAS GRANDES ORGANIZACIONES: ESTUDIO DE LOS GRANDES PROYECTOS HIDROELÉCTRICOS EN COLOMBIA

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RODOLFO GARCÍA SIERRA

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación ofrece una explicación sobre una de las fuentes generadoras de los altos nive- les de conflictividad, actualmente predecibles entre las comunidades locales y la construcción de megaproyectos hidroeléctricos en Colombia, a través de una mirada endógena de las grandes organizaciones, específicamente en su proceso de toma de decisiones ambientales basado en juicio de expertos. En este caso el análisis se aplica a la construcción de megaproyectos hidroeléctricos (>350 MW en Colombia durante el período 2010 al 2020. La investigación emplea la teoría prospectiva acumulativa (Cumulative Prospect Theory - CPT. Se inicia determinando el uso de la heurística de disponibilidad y su cuantificación, a partir de los criterios de facilidad de recordación y tiempo de deliberación de las respuestas. Paso siguiente, se caracteriza la función de preferen - cias de los expertos, determinando las dimensiones en las que se presentan zonas de aptitudes de ganancia (altas y bajas y zonas de aptitudes de pérdidas (bajas y altas. Su aplicación a las organiza - ciones según las simulaciones realizadas, permite mejorar la influencia de las comunidades locales en las decisiones ambientales, teniendo presente los resultados sobre las aptitudes de pérdidas que han experimentado los tomadores de decisiones, ante peticiones externas en las dimensiones tecnológicas y ambientales.

The post-orgasmic prolactin increase following intercourse is greater than following masturbation and suggests greater satiety.

Science.gov (United States)

Brody, Stuart; Krüger, Tillmann H C

2006-03-01

Research indicates that prolactin increases following orgasm are involved in a feedback loop that serves to decrease arousal through inhibitory central dopaminergic and probably peripheral processes. The magnitude of post-orgasmic prolactin increase is thus a neurohormonal index of sexual satiety. Using data from three studies of men and women engaging in masturbation or penile-vaginal intercourse to orgasm in the laboratory, we report that for both sexes (adjusted for prolactin changes in a non-sexual control condition), the magnitude of prolactin increase following intercourse is 400% greater than that following masturbation. The results are interpreted as an indication of intercourse being more physiologically satisfying than masturbation, and discussed in light of prior research reporting greater physiological and psychological benefits associated with coitus than with any other sexual activities.

Influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes

OpenAIRE

Juan Pablo Sanabria Mazo; Juliana Jiménez Sierra; Katherine Parra Blandón; María Alejandra Tordecilla Casallas

2016-01-01

Esta investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes. La muestra, seleccionada intencionalmente, estuvo conformada por cuatro hombres y cuatro mujeres, de los cuales dos de cada sexo habían iniciado su vida sexual y dos no. Las entrevistas en profundidad se analizaron con el apoyo del programa Atlas.ti. Las motivaciones para no iniciar su vida sexual se...

Una aplicación de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el costeo de maquinarias de cosecha forestal

OpenAIRE

Acuña,Eduardo; Drake,Fernando; Garcias,Marco

2011-01-01

Desde hace años las empresas forestales y en especial las que prestan servicios de cosecha forestal han implementado la computación como una herramienta de trabajo, esto ha permitido automatizar la toma de decisiones. El propósito de esta práctica es lograr que el sector forestal siga siendo competitivo a nivel internacional, para tal objetivo se hace necesario optimizar las diferentes actividades que participan en la producción forestal. Los costos asociados a la faena de cosecha forestal so...

Application of Bayesian Method in Validation of TTM Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Constructs to Improve Nutritional Behavior in Yazdian Prediabetes

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Hossein Fallahzadeh

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction: To introduce Bayesian method in validation of transtheoretical model’s Self-Efficacy and Decisional Balance for nutritional behavior improvement among Prediabetes with ordinal data. Methods: This is an Experimental trial with parallel design and sample was included 220 Prediabetes who Participated in screening program and had over 30 years old, fasting blood glucose ranged 100-125 and at least elementary Education. We used OpenBugs 3.2.3 to fit Bayesian ordinal factor analysis to achieve validation of TTM’s decisional balance and self-efficacy. Results: All of the factor loadings corresponded to mentioned constructs was significant at α= 0.05%. That support validation of the Constructs. Correlation between Pros and Cons was not significant(-0.076, 0.007.Furthermore a specific statistical model for ordinal data created that can estimate odds ratios and marginal Probabilities for each choice of any item in questionnaire. Conclusion: Thanks to benefits of Bayesian method in use of prior information such as Meta-analysis and other resources, In comparison to similar studies that used standard or other factor analysis for ordinal data, our results had good accuracy(with aspect to standard deviation even with lower sample size.so the results can be used  in future clinical researches.

Efficacy of REACH Forgiveness across cultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Yin; Worthington, Everett L; Griffin, Brandon J; Greer, Chelsea L; Opare-Henaku, Annabella; Lavelock, Caroline R; Hook, Joshua N; Ho, Man Yee; Muller, Holly

2014-09-01

This study investigates the efficacy of the 6-hour REACH Forgiveness intervention among culturally diverse undergraduates. Female undergraduates (N = 102) and foreign extraction (46.2%) and domestic (43.8%) students in the United States were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or waitlist conditions. Treatment efficacy and the effect of culture on treatment response were assessed using measures of emotional and decisional forgiveness across 3 time periods. Students in the treatment condition reported greater improvement in emotional forgiveness, but not decisional forgiveness, relative to those in the waitlist condition. Gains were maintained at a 1-week follow-up. Although culture did not moderate the effect of treatment, a main effect of culture on emotional forgiveness and marginally significant interaction effect of culture on decisional forgiveness were found. The REACH Forgiveness intervention was efficacious for college students from different cultural backgrounds when conducted in the United States. However, some evidence may warrant development of culturally adapted forgiveness interventions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

LOS ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO Y PERFILES DE SECTOR COMO HERRAMIENTAS ÚTILES PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

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Yolanda Morejón-Bravo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En primer lugar, se ofrece una breve explicación de los fundamentos teóricos de la inteligencia empresarial y sus productos, haciendo énfasis en los perfiles estratégicos, y dentro de ellos, en los perfiles de sector. También, se hace énfasis en los estudios de mercado y sus características. En segundo lugar, se presentan dos casos de estudio (un perfil de sector y un estudio de mercado, que demuestran la importancia de estos productos y servicios de inteligencia competitiva, para la toma de decisiones lo más acertada posible, en las organizaciones.

Toma de decisiones mediante metodología multicriterio (carbón nacional y seguridad energética)

OpenAIRE

Cansado Bravo, Pablo; Rodríguez Monroy, Carlos

2017-01-01

Este artículo investiga la viabilidad de alternativas a largo plazo del carbón español a través de un proceso MCDM (Toma de decisiones multicriterio). La principal contribución de esta investigación es doble. En primer lugar, evaluar el comportamiento a largo plazo de los yacimientos de carbón existentes en España utilizando la metodología MAUT dentro de tres ámbitos de competencia diferenciados: ubicación geográfica, tecnología minera del carbón y tipo de carbón. En segundo lugar, evalúa las...

Estrategias para la toma de decisiones sobre costos en un proceso productivo. Toma de decisiones sobre costos en la pesca del atún

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Gladys Fernández de H.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available La contabilidad de costos ha adquirido un papel fundamental dentro de las organizaciones modernas, considerándose una herramienta valiosa en el control y la toma de decisiones estratégi- cas, utilizando para ello nuevas técnicas, tales como el costeo basado en actividades (ABC y el en- foque de la cadena de valor, a través de los cuales se controlan las actividades desempeñadas en los procesos y se logra el entendimiento del comportamiento de los costos. En este sentido se seleccio- nó el proceso de pesca del atún para identificar las actividades que intervienen en el mismo y dife- renciar aquellas que agregan o no valor al producto. Se tomó como muestra un barco atunero, por el método del muestreo aleatorio al azar simple, para garantizar la representatividad de la misma. El estudio se realizó aplicando técnicas de recolección de información, tales como la entrevista y la ob- servación directa. Con la identificación de actividades se espera que la empresa encargada del pro- ceso de pesca del atún pueda realizar un mejor control de estas y alcanzar un nivel de desempeño por actividad, a la vez que permita la planificación de las mismas. Se determinó además las actividades que no agregan valor, en las cuales se pueden lograr reducciones de costos.

DECISIONES ESTRATÉGICAS DE LECTURA Y RENDIMIENTO EN TAREAS DE COMPETENCIA LECTORA SIMILARES A PISA

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María-Ángeles Serrano Mendizábal

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El rendimiento dispar encontrado en algunos pa ses del informe PISA 2009 (OECD, 2010 entre textos continuos y no-continuos en tareas de competencia lectora, as como la naturaleza y estructura diferente de la informaci n textual, han motivado el estudio del procesamiento on-line de ambos tipos de texto con el objetivo de explorar qu sucede cuando se usan para responder preguntas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las decisiones estrat gicas de relectura de textos continuos y no-continuos en tareas de competencia lectora similares a las de PISA, as como la estabilidad en el uso de esta estrategia. Para ello, se aplicaron dos pruebas estandarizadas de competencia lectora a 112 alumnos de 6. de Primaria y 1. y 2. de ESO, una que inclu a dos textos continuos y otra con cinco textos, tres continuos y dos no-continuos. Los estudiantes leyeron los textos y contestaron las preguntas con el software Read&Answer (Vidal-Abarca, Mart nez, Salmer n, Cerd n y otros, 2011, que permite registrar la conducta on-line adem s del rendimiento. Las puntuaciones en los textos no-continuos resultaron m s bajas que en los continuos, a pesar del mayor n mero de re - lecturas de estos antes de responder. Asimismo, los estudiantes mostraron un grado de estabilidad en sus decisiones estrat gicas de relectura en ambos tipos de texto. El menor rendimiento en textos no-continuos sumado al n mero superior de relecturas para responder preguntas sobre estos, podr a estar indi - cando una menor competencia de nuestros estudiantes en el uso de estrategias relacionadas con la interpretaci n de informaci n no-continua en comparaci n con la mostrada para procesar textos continuos. Los resultados revelan la im - portancia de ense ar de manera expl cita procedimientos espec cos para la comprensi n de textos no-continuos a trav s de las diversas materias.

Simultaneous bilateral isolated greater trochanter fracture

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Maruti Kambali

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A 48-year-old woman sustained simultaneous isolated bilateral greater trochanteric fracture, following a road traffic accident. The patient presented to us 1 month after the injury. She presented with complaints of pain in the left hip and inability to walk. Roentgenograms revealed displaced comminuted bilateral greater trochanter fractures. The fracture of the left greater trochanter was reduced and fixed internally using the tension band wiring technique. The greater trochanter fracture on the right side was asymptomatic and was managed conservatively. The patient regained full range of motion and use of her hips after a postoperative follow-up of 6 months. Isolated fractures of the greater trochanter are unusual injuries. Because of their relative rarity and the unsettled controversy regarding their etiology and pathogenesis, several methods of treatment have been advocated. Furthermore, the reports of this particular type of injury are not plentiful and the average textbook coverage afforded to this entity is limited. In our study we discuss the mechanism of injury and the various treatment options available.

RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS SISTEMAS DE CONTABILIDAD Y CONTROL DE GESTIÓN Y LOS SESGOS EN LA EVALUACIÓN Y TOMA DE DECISIONES

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ERNESTO LOPEZ-VALEIRAS

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los directivos realizan evaluaciones y toman decisiones que pueden estar sesgadas y, como conse - cuencia, provocar efectos contrarios a los deseados en el rendimiento organizacional. La identifi - cación de los sesgos y sus causas han sido ampliamente estudiadas en la literatura de contabilidad y control de gestión en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar los resultados previos, lo cual permite disponer de una visión más clara y comprensiva del papel de los Sistemas de Contabilidad y Control de Gestión (SCCG en relación a los sesgos en las decisiones y evaluaciones. Como resultado se obtiene un marco conceptual en el que los SCCG se postulan al mismo tiempo como generadores e inhibidores de sesgo, en función de sus propias características y de las carac - terísticas de los usuarios. Este resultado permite que profesionales (especialmente los controllers y académicos conozcan mejor los procesos de utilización de la información generada por los SCCG y así actúen en consecuencia.

The subjective dimension of decision making in sport development and validity of the cetd questionnaire of sport decision style Dimensión subjetiva de la toma de decisiones en el deporte: desarrollo y validación del cuestionario cetd de estilo de decision en el deporte

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J.L. Graupera

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

One of the main objectives of sport psychological research is knowing how sportsmen and women understand, perceive, interpret and decide in sport situations. This study presents the results of the development and validation of a questionnaire for analysing the personal dimension of decision making in sport. This instrument permits to explore different aspects of this process such as commitment with the decision training, perceived decisional competence and anxiety with decisional situations. Its psychometric properties permits to say that is an adequate tool for sport psychologists and coaches in order to improve psychological process implied in sport decisions.
KEY WORDS: Decision making, questionnaire, psychological processes, assessment

Una de los retos de la investigación sobre los procesos psicológicos en el ámbito deportivo es acercarse a la comprensión de lo que percibe, interpreta y decide el deportista ante las situaciones que su deporte le presenta. En el presente estudio se presenta el desarrollo y validación de un instrumento para analizar la dimensión subjetiva de la toma de decisiones en el deporte. Este instrumento permite explorar aspectos relacionados con la toma de decisiones tales como el compromiso al decidir, la competencia decisional percibida así como la ansiedad y el agobio al decidir.
Sus características psicométricas permite que se puede considerar adecuados para poder ser empleado por los profesionales del Deporte y la Psicología con intenciones de mejorar los aspectos psicológicos y emocionales de los deportistas participantes en deportes en los que la decisión es fundamental.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Toma de decisiones, Cuestionario, procesos psicológicos, evaluación

Conservatives report, but liberals display, greater happiness.

Science.gov (United States)

Wojcik, Sean P; Hovasapian, Arpine; Graham, Jesse; Motyl, Matt; Ditto, Peter H

2015-03-13

Research suggesting that political conservatives are happier than political liberals has relied exclusively on self-report measures of subjective well-being. We show that this finding is fully mediated by conservatives' self-enhancing style of self-report (study 1; N = 1433) and then describe three studies drawing from "big data" sources to assess liberal-conservative differences in happiness-related behavior (studies 2 to 4; N = 4936). Relative to conservatives, liberals more frequently used positive emotional language in their speech and smiled more intensely and genuinely in photographs. Our results were consistent across large samples of online survey takers, U.S. politicians, Twitter users, and LinkedIn users. Our findings illustrate the nuanced relationship between political ideology, self-enhancement, and happiness and illuminate the contradictory ways that happiness differences can manifest across behavior and self-reports. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Simulación como herramienta de ayuda para la toma de decisiones empresariales. Un caso práctico || Simulation as a business decision making tool. A case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Puche Regaliza, Julio César

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La toma de decisiones empresariales es un factor crítico para la viabilidad de las empresas. En el actual escenario más dinámico, global y competitivo, este factor crítico abre espacio a requerimientos más amplios. El modelado y la simulación tradicionalmente han formado parte sustancial del juego de herramientas utilizadas para el soporte a la toma de decisiones, especialmente en referencia a la toma de decisiones estratégicas. En este trabajo, pretendemos mostrar una perspectiva clara sobre el valor añadido que ofrece la simulación. En primer lugar, se describen las etapas que deben llevarse a cabo para completar un proceso de toma de decisiones mediante simulación. A continuación, se desarrolla un caso práctico en el que se plasman dichas etapas frente a la decisión de implantar un comportamiento PUSH o un comportamiento PULL en una determinada empresa. Los resultados obtenidos nos conducen a la decisión de implantar PULL en favor de PUSH, mostrando que el valor esperado de las técnicas de simulación justifica que una organización madura incorpore tales técnicas en su banco de talento corporativo. || Business decision making is a critical factor to the viability of companies. In the current more dynamic, global and competitive scenario, this critical factor opens space to wider requirements. Modeling and simulation have traditionally formed a substantial part of the toolkit used to support decision making, especially in the business strategy field. In this paper, our aim is to open a clear perspective on the added value offered by simulation. We first introduce an overview about the process of decision making based on simulation. Next, a case study is developed, in which such steps are reflected to decide whether to implement a PUSH behavior or a PULL behavior in a particular company. The results obtained lead us to the decision to implement PULL instead of PUSH, showing that simulation techniques are a very valuable tool to

Evaluación económica y toma de decisiones en salud ambiental

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Gutiérrez Zúñiga Cristina

1994-01-01

Full Text Available Ante el creciente deterioro ambiental y sus posibles consecuencias en la salud de la población resulta una prioridad indiscutible el diseño e instrumentación de políticas que controlen las actividades económicas bajo el criterio de protección a la salud humana y al ambiente mismo. Es preciso que dichas políticas consideren la factibilidad económica de las alternativas de protección existentes. Sin embargo, por la cantidad de intereses dentro del área ambiental, otros factores como el social y el político deben también ser considerados. La evaluación económica ha sido vista como un promisorio fundamento para la toma de decisiones en esta materia. Los autores analizan la capacidad de esta herramienta para organizar en forma sistemática y comparable los costos y los beneficios de alternativas para la solución de problemas ambientales. Se resumen las principales características de los estudios de costo-beneficio y costo-efectividad, las formas de evaluación económica del ambiente, y las particularidades de esta área para la aplicación de dichas técnicas de análisis. Se señalan los límites encontrados en estas herramientas para cuantificar los costos no monetarios de los riesgos ambientales y de los consecuentes daños a la salud, tales como el dolor, el sufrimiento ó la incapacidad de personas económicamente inactivas, constituyendo estos aspectos el reto metodológico de la evaluación económica en el área. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de ampliar los insumos informativos para la toma de decisiones en materia de salud ambiental en aspectos como la distribución de los costos y los beneficios entre los distintos grupos sociales. Por último se señala tanto la creciente politización del tema ambiental, como la posibilidad técnica de manipulación de estas herramientas de análisis. Partiendo de estos elementos se señala la necesidad, por parte de los evaluadores, de ser conscientes sobre las implicaciones pol

Social and institutional evaluation report for Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, T.L.; Lewis, B.E.; Turner, K.H.; Rozelle, M.A.

1993-10-01

This report identifies and characterizes social and institutional issues that would be relevant to the siting, licensing, construction, closure, and postclosure of a Greater-Than-Class-C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) disposal facility. A historical perspective of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and LLW disposal programs is provided as an overview of radioactive waste disposal and to support the recommendations and conclusions in the report. A characterization of each issue is provided to establish the basis for further evaluations. Where applicable, the regulatory requirements of 10 CFR 60 and 61 are incorporated in the issue characterizations. The issues are used to compare surface, intermediate depth, and deep geologic disposal alternatives. The evaluation establishes that social and institutional issues do not significantly discriminate among the disposal alternatives. Recommendations are provided for methods by which the issues could be considered throughout the lifecycle of a GTCC LLW disposal program

Social and institutional evaluation report for Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, T.L.; Lewis, B.E.; Turner, K.H.; Rozelle, M.A. [Dames and Moore, Denver, CO (United States)

1993-10-01

This report identifies and characterizes social and institutional issues that would be relevant to the siting, licensing, construction, closure, and postclosure of a Greater-Than-Class-C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) disposal facility. A historical perspective of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and LLW disposal programs is provided as an overview of radioactive waste disposal and to support the recommendations and conclusions in the report. A characterization of each issue is provided to establish the basis for further evaluations. Where applicable, the regulatory requirements of 10 CFR 60 and 61 are incorporated in the issue characterizations. The issues are used to compare surface, intermediate depth, and deep geologic disposal alternatives. The evaluation establishes that social and institutional issues do not significantly discriminate among the disposal alternatives. Recommendations are provided for methods by which the issues could be considered throughout the lifecycle of a GTCC LLW disposal program.

Policías, ladrones y gente corriente: Diferencias entre expertos y noveles en el uso de estrategias para la toma de decisiones

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Rocío García-Retamero

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Imagine que quiere invertir su dinero en una propiedad inmobiliaria, y el hecho de que ésta pueda ser objeto de hurto es crucial para usted... En este artículo analizamos las estimaciones que expertos y noveles en el ámbito de la delincuencia realizan sobre el poder de distintas claves para predecir el éxito en la conducta de hurto y las estrategias que utilizan en su toma de decisiones.

Promoting greater Federal energy productivity [Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hopkins, Mark; Dudich, Luther

2003-03-05

This document is a close-out report describing the work done under this DOE grant to improve Federal Energy Productivity. Over the four years covered in this document, the Alliance To Save Energy conducted liaison with the private sector through our Federal Energy Productivity Task Force. In this time, the Alliance held several successful workshops on the uses of metering in Federal facilities and other meetings. We also conducted significant research on energy efficiency, financing, facilitated studies of potential energy savings in energy intensive agencies, and undertook other tasks outlined in this report.

Mecanismos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones en situaciones de incertidumbre. Un estudio con pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer

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Aurora Moreno

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Los pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA suelen presentar problemas en la toma de decisiones (TD, incluso ya en fase leve. Diversos estudios han analizado el funcionamiento de los mecanismos cognitivos en los procesos de TD, especialmente en situaciones de incertidumbre. Una de estas aproximaciones es la hipótesis del marcador somático a través de la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT y el índice Gambling (IG. Uno de los problemas es la inespecificidad de los indicadores de la IGT, por ello se han propuesto modelos explicativos para solventar estas carencias, como el Prospective Valence Learning (PVL. En este trabajo, aplicamos la IGT a 10 pacientes y 10 controles. Analizamos los parámetros del PVL: aversión a las pérdidas (λ regla de utilidad (α, recencia (A y consistencia (c, y la evolución de la tarea en función de las elecciones ventajosas. Nuestros resultados muestran que el rendimiento de los controles es mejor que el de pacientes DTA, aunque en las fases iniciales no hay diferencias, estas se ciñen a los dos bloques finales. En los parámetros del PVL se obtienen diferencias en α y c y en menor medida en λ. A partir de los parámetros del PVL podemos caracterizar el proceso de toma de decisiones de los pacientes DTA, como sensibles a las pérdidas, más influenciados por las elecciones inmediatas y un nivel de consistencia muy bajo, que indica estrategias de elección aleatoria.

How Workplace Managers Can Protect Against Hostile Environment Claims From Their Female And Male Employees: A Legal Review Of Decisional Law

OpenAIRE

Nina Compton

2011-01-01

Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances within the workplace setting.  A review of case law illuminates the circumstances that have been identified as sexual harassment.  Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of l964.  This paper reviews the decisional law which has recognized various forms of prohibited sexual harassment.  The case analysis explores numerous types of “hostile environment” sexual harassment that can...

Torsion of the Greater Omentum Secondary to Omental Lymphangioma in a Child: A Case Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mistry, Kewal Arunkumar; Iyer, Dayashankar

2015-01-01

Omental cyst and omental torsion both are uncommon but important causes of acute abdomen with a difficult clinical diagnosis due to nonspecific features. Here we report a case of an eight year old child with acute abdominal pain referred for USG and CT scan which revealed two cysts in greater omentum leading to secondary omental torsion. An eight year old male child presented to casualty with severe pain abdomen since 1 day. There was no history of vomiting or altered bowel habits. The patient was febrile with tachycardia on arrival. On examination rigidity and tenderness all over abdomen were present. Serum amylase was within normal range. USG and CECT abdomen were done subsequently. USG showed two well defined cystic lesions in lower abdomen with presence of some internal echogenic debris and calcified foci in their dependent part. There was also presence of omentum with a whirl of blood vessels seen along anterior abdominal wall leading to these lesions suggesting torsion. On colour Doppler the presence of blood flow within the whirl of vessels was seen. Mild amount of free fluid was also seen in the peritoneal cavity. On CECT abdomen the findings of omental cysts and torsion of greater omentum with free fluid in abdomen were confirmed. The cysts measured 60×55 and 65×55mm on CT. The patient was taken for an emergency laparotomy for indication of acute generalized peritonitis. Two large omental cysts were found in the pelvic cavity along with torsed greater omentum along with 150 ml of hemorrhagic fluid in peritoneal cavity. The cysts and twisted necrotic part of the greater omentum were excised at surgery. No postoperative complications were observed. Histopathologic examination was suggestive of lymphangioma of omentum. Lymphangioma of the omentum is an not very uncommon however acute presentation with omental torsion and infarction is an unusual entity. Optimal utilization of preoperative imaging with USG, Doppler and contrast enhanced CT scan can provide

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

OpenAIRE

Briozo, Anahí; Vigier, Hernán; Castillo, Natalia; Pesce, Gabriela; Speroni, Carolina

2016-01-01

Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se ...

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

OpenAIRE

Anahí Briozzo; Hernán Vigier; Natalia Castillo; Gabriela Pesce; M. Carolina Speroni

2016-01-01

Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequenas ˜ y medianas empresas en función de su tamano ˜ y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamano...

UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA PLANEACIÓN MINERA A CIELO ABIERTO DESDE UN ENFOQUE BASADO EN DECISIONES BAJO INCERTIDUMBRE

OpenAIRE

FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA, GIOVANNI; BRANCH BEDOYA, JOHN WILLIAN; JARAMILLO ÁLVAREZ, PATRICIA

2010-01-01

En este artículo se presenta en primer lugar una descripción del proceso de planeamiento minero desde un punto de vista clásico y su relación con los actuales procesos de planeamiento minero que tienen como base la optimización en sus diferentes etapas. Seguidamente, se realiza un acercamiento a los procesos de planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de los artículos encontrados clasificándolos...

Análisis microeconometrico de las decisiones de participación y gasto turístico de los hogares

OpenAIRE

Mateo Erroz, Sara

2012-01-01

La tesis se enmarca en el análisis microeconométrico de la demanda turística de los hogares españoles. Su objetivo general es estudiar los determinantes que influyen en la decisión de consumo turístico, frecuencia de consumo y gasto de los hogares en servicios turísticos. En el análisis de todas las decisiones intervienen variables no estrictamente económicas específicas de cada hogar (número de miembros, existencia de niños y otras variable ligadas al ciclo de vida del hogar) y de sus mi...

De la evidencia al desempeño: cómo fijar prioridades y tomar buenas decisiones From evidence to performance: setting priorities and making good decisions

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Franklin White

1998-07-01

Full Text Available En esta época de respeto por la ciencia médica y por la responsabilidad gerencial, las organizaciones de salud deben rendir cuentas por sus acciones con creciente frecuencia. La época en que se determinaban las prioridades y se tomaban las decisiones sobre bases políticas o acatando el consejo intuitivo de asesores respetados y bien intencionados ha dado paso gradualmente a una era que valora la demostración de efectividad y eficiencia. Las decisiones relativas a las prioridades y a los programas deben basarse firmemente en conocimientos comprobados y someterse a evaluación continua. Esta transición requiere promover el pensamiento crítico en todos los ámbitos. Surge entonces la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos promover el razonamiento crítico en los servicios de salud para fijar prioridades, adoptar decisiones acertadas y poner en práctica iniciativas efectivas? En otras palabras, ¿cómo podemos pasar de la evidencia al desempeño? Una pregunta aún más básica es ¿por qué debemos fijar prioridades?In today's world, with its respect for the medical sciences and demand for administrative accountability, health institutions are publicly responsible for their actions to an unprecedented degree. Making decisions and setting priorities on the basis of politics or unvalidated expert opinions is no longer acceptable. Instead, proven efficiency and effectiveness, as demonstrated by scientific evidence under continuous evaluation, are essential to decision-making. The need for applying rational criteria makes it necessary to explore a fundamental question: How can we promote critical reasoning within health services so as to adequately set priorities, make proper decisions, and launch effective interventions? In other words, how can we move from evidence to performance and why set priorities at all?

Comunicación familiar y toma de decisiones en sexualidad entre ascendientes y adolescentes

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Valentina González

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los individuos adolescentes aprenden de sexualidad a través de diferentes medios, pero la familia es uno de los primeros agentes socializadores y es la encargada, a través de la comunicación, de trasmitir información sobre ésta. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los procesos de comunicación que se establecen entre padres y madres con sus hijos e hijas adolescentes para entablar diálogos sobre sexualidad y su relación con la toma de decisiones, en dos familias pertenecientes a instituciones educativas de Cali. A través de esta investigación cualitativa encontramos que los procesos de comunicación, los temas abordados y los recursos empleados, están influidos por los conocimientos y percepciones de los ascendientes, en quienes la sexualidad aún es un tabú y tienen carencia de información y de estrategias de acompañamiento.

La inteligencia de negocio como apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el ámbito académico (Business Intelligence as decision support system in academic environment

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Yusnier Reyes Dixson

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Spanish abstract. Las organizaciones competitivas han establecido sistemas de inteligencia de negocio para proporcionar a sus trabajadores herramientas que les ayuden en la toma de decisiones (Guitart y Conesa, 2014. El acertado flujo y gestión de datos e información es vital para un acertado proceso de toma de decisiones. Esta táctica trasladada al ámbito universitario significa proporcionar a profesores y directivos sistemas que apoyen la toma de decisiones en su actividad docente (Guitart y Conesa, 2014. A pesar de las ventajas que ha propiciado el uso de estos sistemas y de las dificultades detectadas con el tratamiento y la forma en que se utilizan los datos para dar soporte a las decisiones en el ámbito académico universitario, no se ha evidenciado un uso sistemático de los mismos. Debido al aumento del volumen de los datos almacenados, los profesores y directivos se enfrentan a un ambiente de incertidumbre y complejidad crecientes. Generalmente no se cuenta con las herramientas necesarias para manipular estos datos y convertirlos en información valiosa. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un sistema basado en inteligencia de negocios que permita capturar, almacenar, procesar, analizar y mostrar de manera eficiente, los datos generados en el proceso de formación. La propuesta fue utilizada con datos reales del primer año de una facultad de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas en los cursos 2012-2013, 2013-2014 y del primer semestre del curso 2014-2015 a partir de lo cual se obtuvo información útil para la toma de decisiones. Por último se propuso un conjunto de elementos organizativos para la correcta utilización del sistema. English abstract. Competitive organizations have established business intelligence systems to provide their workers with tools to help them in decision-making (Guitart and Conesa, 2014. The successful flow and management of data and information is vital for a successful decision

Waste Management Facilities Cost Information report for Greater-Than-Class C and DOE equivalent special case waste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feizollahi, F.; Shropshire, D.

1993-07-01

This Waste Management Facility Cost Information (WMFCI) report for Greater-Than-Class C low-level waste (GTCC LLW) and DOE equivalent special case waste contains preconceptual designs and planning level life-cycle cost (PLCC) estimates for treatment, storage, and disposal facilities needed for management of GTCC LLW and DOE equivalent waste. The report contains information on 16 facilities (referred to as cost modules). These facilities are treatment facility front-end and back-end support functions (administration support, and receiving, preparation, and shipping cost modules); seven treatment concepts (incineration, metal melting, shredding/compaction, solidification, vitrification, metal sizing and decontamination, and wet/air oxidation cost modules); two storage concepts (enclosed vault and silo); disposal facility front-end functions (disposal receiving and inspection cost module); and four disposal concepts (shallow-land, engineered shallow-land, intermediate depth, and deep geological cost modules). Data in this report allow the user to develop PLCC estimates for various waste management options. A procedure to guide the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its contractor personnel in the use of estimating data is also included in this report.

Waste Management Facilities Cost Information report for Greater-Than-Class C and DOE equivalent special case waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feizollahi, F.; Shropshire, D.

1993-07-01

This Waste Management Facility Cost Information (WMFCI) report for Greater-Than-Class C low-level waste (GTCC LLW) and DOE equivalent special case waste contains preconceptual designs and planning level life-cycle cost (PLCC) estimates for treatment, storage, and disposal facilities needed for management of GTCC LLW and DOE equivalent waste. The report contains information on 16 facilities (referred to as cost modules). These facilities are treatment facility front-end and back-end support functions (administration support, and receiving, preparation, and shipping cost modules); seven treatment concepts (incineration, metal melting, shredding/compaction, solidification, vitrification, metal sizing and decontamination, and wet/air oxidation cost modules); two storage concepts (enclosed vault and silo); disposal facility front-end functions (disposal receiving and inspection cost module); and four disposal concepts (shallow-land, engineered shallow-land, intermediate depth, and deep geological cost modules). Data in this report allow the user to develop PLCC estimates for various waste management options. A procedure to guide the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its contractor personnel in the use of estimating data is also included in this report

Análisis de los factores cognitivos que inciden en la toma de decisiones de inversión de los administradores financieros de la ciudad de Barranquilla

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José Luis Alcalá Villarreal

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La mayoría de los directores financieros admiten (Roa, 2010 que existe una gran laguna entre lo aprendido sobre finanzas corporativas en las distintas escuelas de negocios y lo puesto en práctica como ejecutivos. La explicación se encuentra resumida en tres conceptos clave: el sesgo, la estructuración y la heurística, los cuales en su conjunto permiten entender de mejor forma las finanzas conductuales. Es por ello que en este artículo de clasificación corto, producto de una entrega parcial de tesis doctoral, pretendemos abordar esta problemática desde lo conceptual de este campo, que aplica investigación científica desde lo cognitivo y emocional en términos de la toma de decisiones económicas y financieras, así como también la comprensión de la manera como los errores de razonamiento afectan las mismas. Los errores que surgen de esta toma de decisiones se conocen como errores cognitivos y vienen dados principalmente por los conceptos ya mencionados.

Inflación y su impacto en la lectura y análisis de estados financieros en la toma de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Calderón, Karina Andrea

2015-01-01

I. INTRODUCCIÓN - II. METODOLOGÍA - 1) Estudio exploratorio bibliográfico sobre inflación y su impacto en los Estados Financieros y en la toma de decisiones - 2) Estudio exploratorio sobre la normativa contable vigente a nivel nacional e internacional referida al ajuste por pérdida del poder adquisitivo - 3) Identificación de los efectos de la inflación sobre la gestión empresarial - 4) Análisis de índices que permitan establecer la importancia de la implementación del ajuste por inflación. ...

Assessing Practitioners’ and Patients’ Needs Regarding Shared Decision-Making and Decision Aids

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Michiel Hageman

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Background: As part of the process of developing a decision aid for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS according to the Ottawa Decision Support Framework, we were interested in the level of ‘decisional conflict’ of hand surgeons and patients with CTS. This study addresses the null hypothesis that there is no difference between surgeon and patient decisional conflict with respect to test and treatment options for CTS. Secondary analyses assess the impact of patient and physician demographics and the strength of the patient-physician relationship on decisional conflict.   Methods: One-hundred-twenty-three observers of the Science of Variation Group (SOVG and 84 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome completed a survey regarding the Decisional Conflict Scale. Patients also filled out the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ and the Patient Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9.   Results: On average, patients had significantly greater decision conflict and scored higher on most subscales of the decisional conflict scale than hand surgeons.Factors associated with greater decision conflict were specific hand surgeon, less self-efficacy (confidence that one can achieve one’s goals in spite of pain, and higher PDRQ (relationship between patient and doctor. Surgeons from Europe have--on average--significantly more decision conflict than surgeons in the United States of America.   Conclusions: Patients with CTS have more decision conflict than hand surgeons. Decision aids might help narrow this gap in decisional conflict.

Greater saphenous vein anomaly and aneurysm with subsequent pulmonary embolism

OpenAIRE

Ma, Truong; Kornbau, Craig

2017-01-01

Abstract Venous aneurysms often present as painful masses. They can present either in the deep or superficial venous system. Deep venous system aneurysms have a greater risk of thromboembolism. Though rare, there have been case reports of superficial aneurysms and thrombus causing significant morbidity such as pulmonary embolism. We present a case of an anomalous greater saphenous vein connection with an aneurysm and thrombus resulting in a pulmonary embolism. This is the only reported case o...

Yoga Meditation Practitioners Exhibit Greater Gray Matter Volume and Fewer Reported Cognitive Failures: Results of a Preliminary Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis

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Brett Froeliger

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Hatha yoga techniques, including physical postures (asanas, breathing exercises (pranayama, and meditation, involve the practice of mindfulness. In turn, yoga meditation practices may induce the state of mindfulness, which, when evoked recurrently through repeated practice, may accrue into trait or dispositional mindfulness. Putatively, these changes may be mediated by experience-dependent neuroplastic changes. Though prior studies have identified differences in gray matter volume (GMV between long-term mindfulness practitioners and controls, no studies to date have reported on whether yoga meditation is associated with GMV differences. The present study investigated GMV differences between yoga meditation practitioners (YMP and a matched control group (CG. The YMP group exhibited greater GM volume in frontal, limbic, temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions; whereas the CG had no greater regional greater GMV. In addition, the YMP group reported significantly fewer cognitive failures on the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ, the magnitude of which was positively correlated with GMV in numerous regions identified in the primary analysis. Lastly, GMV was positively correlated with the duration of yoga practice. Results from this preliminary study suggest that hatha yoga practice may be associated with the promotion of neuroplastic changes in executive brain systems, which may confer therapeutic benefits that accrue with repeated practice.

Funciones de la corteza prefrontal ventromedial en la toma de decisiones emocionales

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David Contreras

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La corteza prefrontal ventromedial (VMPFC ha sido implicada en la toma de decisiones emocionales debido a su posible participación en el aprendizaje de inversión afectivo, la propensión al riesgo y la impulsividad. Su especial entramado de conexiones con otras áreas de la corteza y con estructuras subcorticales como la amígdala justifican que pueda tener un papel de interfase entre cognición y emoción, y desempeñar una función fundamental en la regulación y el control del comportamiento. En este trabajo revisamos estudios realizados con la tarea de apuestas de Iowa, tareas de aprendizaje de inversión afectivo, tareas de apuestas con diferente varianza para medir la propensión al riesgo y tareas que introducen demora temporal de la recompensa para evaluar la impulsividad. Los datos obtenidos en esos trabajos con pacientes lesionados en la VMPFC o en otras áreas prefrontales y controles no lesionados, y datos conductuales y de actividad cerebral pueden interpretarse mejor si asumimos que la VMPFC está encargada de representar la expectativa de refuerzo. La representación de un reforzador esperado incluye la demora del reforzador, y la varianza de su magnitud.

Influencia de un programa de supervisión reflexiva sobre la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto

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Dami\\u00E1n Iglesias Gallego

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia de un programa de supervisión reflexiva sobre la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en baloncesto en situación real de competición. En el estudio participaron un total de 12 jugadores infantiles de baloncesto pertenecientes a un equipo de las categorías de formación de un club A.C.B., y estructurados en un grupo experimental (n = 6 y un grupo control (n = 6. La intervención llevada a cabo se orientó hacia la mejora de la selección de la respuesta, y consistió en el visionado y análisis de acciones de pase durante 11 sesiones individuales post-partido que mantenían el supervisor y cada uno de los jugadores. Los resultados han mostrado que los sujetos pertenecientes al grupo experimental mejoraron de forma significativa el porcentaje de acierto en la toma de decisiones y la ejecución del pase en situación real de juego.

Factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico

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Josnel Martínez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tiene por objetivo identificar los factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico del estado Zulia. Desde el punto de vista teórico, los principales autores citados son David (2008, Hitt y otros (2004 y Hill y Jones (1996. Metodológicamente, es de tipología descriptiva con un diseño de campo-no experimental y transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por las siete (7 farmacias inscritas y activas en el Registro Municipal de la Alcaldía Bolivariana del municipio Jesús Enrique Lossada – estado Zulia, al mes de mayo de 2015. Se utilizó el cuestionario estructurado como instrumento de recolección de datos aplicado a los gerentes generales, quienes fueron las unidades informantes; el mismo fue validado por cinco (5 expertos y el nivel de confiabilidad aplicando el Alpha-Cronbach, que fue de 0,89. Los resultados evidencian que los factores externos determinantes de las decisiones de inversión a largo plazo en el sector farmacéutico del estado Zulia son: la inflación, la escasez, la fluctuación de precios, el patrón de consumo y la tendencia del desempleo (dentro de los factores económicos; los hábitos de compra (dentro de los factores sociales, culturales, demográficas y ambientales; la política monetaria y la política fiscal (dentro de los factores políticas gubernamentales y legales; los avances en la tecnología (dentro de los factores tecnológicos y las debilidades en la cartera de productos ofertados por la competencia (dentro de los factores competitivos.

Una aplicación de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el costeo de maquinarias de cosecha forestal

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Eduardo Acuña

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Desde hace años las empresas forestales y en especial las que prestan servicios de cosecha forestal han implementado la computación como una herramienta de trabajo, esto ha permitido automatizar la toma de decisiones. El propósito de esta práctica es lograr que el sector forestal siga siendo competitivo a nivel internacional, para tal objetivo se hace necesario optimizar las diferentes actividades que participan en la producción forestal. Los costos asociados a la faena de cosecha forestal son los de mayor incidencia dentro de los planes operativos, por ello es importante tener conocimiento de sus efectos reales en el cálculo de las tarifas. El trabajo realizado consistió en desarrollar un software de aplicación y consulta para la estructuración y tarifa a cobrar para una faena de cosecha forestal mecanizada, desarrollado en el lenguaje de programación Visual Basic. SICOFOR 1.0.1 al ser comparado con otras planillas de cálculo como por ejemplo las desarrolladas en Microsoft Excel entrega una mayor facilidad de trabajo, permite actualizar las bases de datos de la maquinaria a utilizar, personal, administración e implementación de trabajo para cada sistema de aprovechamiento, además entrega detalladamente la tarifa a cobrar. Aunque realmente los que fijan las tarifas de los diferentes servicios son las empresas demandantes de los servicios, el desarrollo del programa como herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones, sigue siendo útil para comparar la tarifa que la empresa forestal mandante ofrece y los costos reales del servicio de cosecha, para tomar la decisión de aceptar o desestimar el negocio.

Herramienta informática como apoyo en la toma de decisiones en proyectos de agua y saneamiento en comunidades indígenas

OpenAIRE

VILLEGAS GONZÁLEZ, PAULA ANDREA; OBREGÓN NEIRA, NELSON; LARA BORRERO, JAIME ANDRÉS; MÉNDEZ FAJARDO, SANDRA; VARGAS LUNA, ANDRÉS

2010-01-01

Esta investigación propone una nueva metodología, generando no solo nuevos modelos conceptuales si no también una nueva herramienta informática para la toma de decisiones en proyectos de agua y saneamiento en comunidades indígenas. Específicamente se incorporan herramientas tales como: árboles de decisión, opiniones difusas y encapsulamiento de conocimiento experto. La metodología incluye además del diseño conceptual del modelo a desarrollar, encuestas e investigación de campo y la programaci...

El Perfeccionamiento de la gestión ambiental desde el análisis de riesgo para la toma eficiente de decisiones

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Merayo Rodríguez; Oscar Santiago Barzaga Sablón

2010-01-01

Se aborda la gestión ambiental y su articulación con la gestión de riesgo y la vulnerabilidad, como herramientas para la toma efectiva de decisiones, en la que se realizó un análisis de la evolución relacionada con la percepción de los problemas ambientales y su relación con la gestión ambiental, teniendo como punto de partida los diferentes paradigmas económicos que fueron marcando los distintos momentos de su desarrollo hasta la actualidad. Se presenta como resultado del estudio, una reform...

Una aproximación a la planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre

OpenAIRE

FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA, GIOVANNI; BRANCH BEDOYA, JOHN WILLIAN; JARAMILLO ÁLVAREZ, PATRICIA

2011-01-01

En este artículo se presenta en primer lugar una descripción del proceso de planeamiento minero desde un punto de vista clásico y su relación con los actuales procesos de planeamiento minero que tienen como base la optimización en sus diferentes etapas. Seguidamente, se realiza un acercamiento a los procesos de planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de los artículos encontrados clasificándolos...

Diseño e implantación de un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones basado en el modelo de transporte

OpenAIRE

Yacuzzi, Enrique; Rodríguez, Víctor M.

2002-01-01

Se presenta el diseño y la implantación del SPT (Sistema de Producción y Transporte), un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones (DSS) basado en el modelo de transporte. Fue construido para una empresa argentina de cemento que abastece a sus clientes desde varias plantas industriales y está estructurado sobre el Optimat, un software comercial. Se lo utiliza con éxito en la planificación operativa y en la decisión de las políticas empresariales, tanto estratégicas como tácticas. El proyecto da gran ...

Las decisiones públicas en la gobernabilidad democrática. El caso del gobierno panista en Nuevo León

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Laura Nelly Medellín Mendoza

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el gobierno del Partido Acción Nacional en Nuevo León (1997-2003, se presentaron dificultades para fijar un espacio de deliberación democrática específicamente en las políticas de desarrollo urbano. Esto ocasionó la activación en la esfera pública de organizaciones de la sociedad civil como la Asociación de Vecinos y Comerciantes de la avenida Venustiano Carranza y la Alianza por San Pedro. Los casos, aunque tuvieron una trayectoria distinta, muestran la importancia de conceder un ejercicio deliberativo en las decisiones públicas para la sustentabilidad de una gobernabilidad democrática .

Una revisión al estado del arte de la integración de toma de decisiones en la red logística

OpenAIRE

Cesar Augusto Pineda Pérez; César Amilcar López Bello

2013-01-01

El presente artículo es resultado de la investigación del proyecto titulado “Integración de Toma de decisiones en la red logística” y comprende la revisión del estado del arte en el cual se identifica el concepto de integración en la cadena de suministro, los tipos de integración, mecanismos de integración, herramientas de integración, estrategias de integración y final-mente los beneficios y las medidas de rendimiento.

Preventive maintenance basis: Volume 10 -- High voltage electric motors (5 kV and greater). Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Worledge, D.; Hinchcliffe, G.

1997-07-01

US nuclear plants are implementing preventive maintenance (PM) tasks with little documented basis beyond fundamental vendor information to support the tasks or their intervals. The Preventive Maintenance Basis project provides utilities with the technical basis for PM tasks and task intervals associated with 40 specific components such as valves, electric motors, pumps, and HVAC equipment. This report provides an overview of the PM Basis project and describes use of the PM Basis database. Volume 10 of the report provides a program of PM tasks suitable for application to high voltage (5kV and greater) electric motors in nuclear power plants. The PM tasks that are recommended provide a cost-effective way to intercept the causes and mechanisms that lead to degradation and failure. They can be used, in conjunction with material from other sources, to develop a complete PM program or to improve an existing program. Users of this information will be utility managers, supervisors, craft technicians, and training instructors responsible for developing, optimizing, or fine-tuning PM programs. Reactor Coolant Pumps motors (RCP's) are not excluded from this report in so far as good PM practices for motors of the appropriate class are concerned. However, the special auxiliary equipment normally associated with RCP's has not been included. Consequently, this report does not provide a complete PM program for RCP's. Industry and vendor programs for RCP's should be consulted for complete definition of RCP motor PM programs

La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto

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Marta FRAILE

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo discute y compara dos lógicas explicativas del comportamiento electoral: el voto por resultados y el voto ideológico. En concreto, el trabajo pone a prueba uno de los principales supuestos de ambas teorías: que las reglas que guían las decisiones de voto de los ciudadanos son las mismas independientemente de su nivel de interés, conocimiento e información sobre los temas políticos. Para ello se analiza material empírico proveniente de encuestas postelectorales en cuatro democracias: España, Portugal, Hungría y Polonia. Los datos pertenecen al segundo módulo del programa de Estudio Comparado de Sistemas Electorales (CSES, 2005, que contiene información sobre el comportamiento electoral y el conocimiento político de los ciudadanos. Los resultados apuntan a que mientras la influencia del conocimiento político en la lógica del voto por resultados es clara y contundente, resulta mucho menos concluyente en el caso del voto ideológico. Todo ello sugiere que el control democrático de los gobiernos a través de la sanción de su rendimiento requiere unos niveles mínimos de conocimiento e información sobre la política por parte de la ciudadanía.

Professional interpersonal dynamics and burnout in European transplant surgeons.

Science.gov (United States)

Jesse, Michelle T; Abouljoud, Marwan; Eshelman, Anne; De Reyck, Chantal; Lerut, Jan

2017-04-01

Burnout within the health professions has become an increasingly important topic. Evidence suggests there are differences in burnout across different countries. Research has yet to examine burnout in transplant surgeons throughout Europe. A cross-sectional survey of transplant surgeons across Europe. Survey included sociodemographics, professional characteristics, frequency and discomfort with difficult patient interactions (PI), decisional autonomy, psychological job demands (PJD), support (coworker, supervisor, and hospital administration), and burnout including emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). One hundred and eight transplant surgeons provided data; 33 (30.6%) reported high EE, 19 (17.6%) reported high DP, and 29 (26.9%) reported low PA. Three hierarchical multiple linear regressions examined the burnout subscales as outcomes (EE, DP, and PA), and predictors selected based upon theoretical relationships with the outcomes. Greater PJD, greater discomfort in managing difficult PI, and lower levels of perceived supervisor support (SS) predicted greater EE. Only decisional autonomy significantly predicted DP, accounting for a small proportion of the variance. None of the steps for PA were significant. Given prior research on burnout, there were several surprising findings from this study. For example, the relatively low levels of EE compared to U.S. physicians and surgeons. At this time, we can only hypothesize why this finding occurred but there are multiple possible explanations including cultural effects, response bias, or other factors unknown at this time. Research is needed to attempt to clarify these findings. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Panorámica de las teorías y métodos de investigación en torno a la toma de decisiones en el tenis

OpenAIRE

García González, Luis; Araújo, Duarte; Carvalho, João; Villar Álvarez, Fernando del

2011-01-01

In this theoretical and methodological review of decision making in tennis, we describe some of the explanatory theories of the decisional process by using two approaches: cognitive psychology and ecological psychology. Within the former approach, based on models of information processing, we focus on the importance of visual and perceptual behaviour as mediators of anticipation and decision-making skills in tennis, as well as related concepts such as attention and visual acuity. Subsequently...

Toma de decisiones compartidas y medicina mínimamente impertinente en el manejo de las enfermedades crónicas

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Claudia Zeballos-Palacios

Full Text Available Las enfermedades crónicas son la causa más importante de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Estas condiciones requieren considerable inversión de tiempo y recursos por parte del sistema de salud en el Perú, así como de los pacientes y sus familiares. Paradójicamente, las estrategias médicas desarrolladas para el manejo de estas condiciones generan una carga constante y creciente para el paciente y su entorno, que repercute en la calidad de vida del paciente y en los resultados terapéuticos. En este artículo describimos el rol de la toma de decisiones compartidas y de la medicina mínimamente impertinente como estrategias para abordar estos problemas

Planning for greater confinement disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilbert, T.L.; Luner, C.; Meshkov, N.K.; Trevorrow, L.E.; Yu, C.

1985-01-01

A report that provides guidance for planning for greater-confinement disposal (GCD) of low-level radioactive waste is being prepared. The report addresses procedures for selecting a GCD technology and provides information for implementing these procedures. The focus is on GCD; planning aspects common to GCD and shallow-land burial are covered by reference. Planning procedure topics covered include regulatory requirements, waste characterization, benefit-cost-risk assessment and pathway analysis methodologies, determination of need, waste-acceptance criteria, performance objectives, and comparative assessment of attributes that support these objectives. The major technologies covered include augered shafts, deep trenches, engineered structures, hydrofracture, improved waste forms, and high-integrity containers. Descriptive information is provided, and attributes that are relevant for risk assessment and operational requirements are given. 10 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs

Automated Decisional Model for Optimum Economic Order Quantity Determination Using Price Regressive Rates

Science.gov (United States)

Roşu, M. M.; Tarbă, C. I.; Neagu, C.

2016-11-01

The current models for inventory management are complementary, but together they offer a large pallet of elements for solving complex problems of companies when wanting to establish the optimum economic order quantity for unfinished products, row of materials, goods etc. The main objective of this paper is to elaborate an automated decisional model for the calculus of the economic order quantity taking into account the price regressive rates for the total order quantity. This model has two main objectives: first, to determine the periodicity when to be done the order n or the quantity order q; second, to determine the levels of stock: lighting control, security stock etc. In this way we can provide the answer to two fundamental questions: How much must be ordered? When to Order? In the current practice, the business relationships with its suppliers are based on regressive rates for price. This means that suppliers may grant discounts, from a certain level of quantities ordered. Thus, the unit price of the products is a variable which depends on the order size. So, the most important element for choosing the optimum for the economic order quantity is the total cost for ordering and this cost depends on the following elements: the medium price per units, the stock cost, the ordering cost etc.

Decisional role preferences, risk knowledge and information interests in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Heesen, Christoph; Kasper, Jürgen; Segal, Julia; Köpke, Sascha; Mühlhauser, Ingrid

2004-12-01

Shared decision making is increasingly recognized as the ideal model of patient-physician communication especially in chronic diseases with partially effective treatments as multiple sclerosis (MS). To evaluate prerequisite factors for this kind of decision making we studied patients' decisional role preferences in medical decision making, knowledge on risks, information interests and the relations between these factors in MS. After conducting focus groups to generate hypotheses, 219 randomly selected patients from the MS Outpatient Clinic register (n = 1374) of the University Hospital Hamburg received mailed questionnaires on their knowledge of risks in MS, their perception of their own level of knowledge, information interests and role preferences. Most patients (79%) indicated that they preferred an active role in treatment decisions giving the shared decision and the informed choice model the highest priority. MS risk knowledge was low but questionnaire results depended on disease course, disease duration and ongoing immune therapy. Measured knowledge as well as perceived knowledge was only weakly correlated with preferences of active roles. Major information interests were related to symptom alleviation, diagnostic procedures and prognosis. Patients with MS claimed autonomous roles in their health care decisions. The weak correlation between knowledge and preferences for active roles implicates that other factors largely influence role preferences.

Política de autogestión hospitalaria en Chile: percepciones de los tomadores de decisiones Hospital self-management policy in Chile: perceptions of decision-makers

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Claudio A. Méndez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones de los tomadores de decisiones respecto de la etapa de implementación de la política de autogestión hospitalaria en dos hospitales de alta complejidad del sur de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a tomadores de decisiones de los hospitales Regional de la ciudad de Valdivia y San José de la ciudad de Osorno, durante el período de agosto de 2010 a diciembre de 2011. Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 26 tomadores de decisiones. Las 26 entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas en forma literal. El análisis de la información se hizo utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido, en su aproximación inductiva. RESULTADOS: Para los entrevistados, la conceptualización de la autogestión está determinada por la autonomía para la toma de decisiones respecto de la asignación de recursos y el financiamiento de la provisión de servicios de salud en las instituciones hospitalarias. También manifestaron que para mejorar la etapa de implementación se deben incluir políticas de recursos humanos y de financiamiento de la función de provisión de servicios de salud. A las debilidades, por su parte, las relacionaron con la ausencia de capacidades organizacionales y competencias gerenciales de los equipos de salud para la implementación de los cambios. CONCLUSIONES: La política de autogestión hospitalaria es conceptualizada desde la autonomía financiera, y su implementación está determinada por las brechas de capacidad que persisten en el diseño de la política.OBJECTIVE: To learn the perceptions of decision-makers concerning the imple­men­t­ation stage of a hospital self-management policy in two highly complex hospitals in southern Chile. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study based on semi-structured in-depth interviews of decision-makers at the Regional Hospital of Valdivia

Observatorios de convivencia y seguridad ciudadana: herramientas para la toma de decisiones y gobernabilidad

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Gabriela Sánchez-Rentería

Full Text Available La necesidad de gobernabilidad para generar desarrollo en los países, se ha venido convirtiendo en foco de interés de los gobiernos. América Latina cuenta con sistemas políticos en crisis de gobernabilidad, dada la incapacidad de los actores estratégicos para resolver los conflictos basándose en reglas y procedimientos establecidos. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo la creación de sistemas de vigilancia en violencia (observatorios contribuye al fortalecimiento de la gobernabilidad y a la generación de políticas públicas efectivas. Se realizó un análisis de los componentes necesarios para la existencia de gobernabilidad y su relación con el papel que cumplen los observatorios para proporcionar información confiable, oportuna y representativa. La gobernabilidad se enriquece con la legitimidad otorgada por la ciudadanía a partir de los resultados de los gobiernos, en la formulación, implementación, evaluación de políticas públicas y la toma de decisiones en salud pública basadas en evidencia.

Relaciones de poder y estructura de decisiones del gremio cafetero colombiano: La Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia, FEDERACAFE, y el Fondo Nacional del Café

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Francisco Rodríguez Vargas

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta información sobre la estructura de centros de decisión de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia, organización que se ha destacado en la economía y la sociedad colombianas durante setenta años, así como el mecanismo institucional esencial para su desarrollo como es el Fondo Nacional del Café, cuyos ingresos provienen de las tasas parafiscales que el Estado ha impuesto a los cafeteros por su producto estratégico de exportación. La perspectiva del estudio relaciona la interacción de las instituciones constituidas por leyes, decretos, normas, tanto del gobierno como de las regiones y de los municipios en donde se lleva a cabo la producción y comercialización del café. La cogestión de los impuestos corporativos del Fondo Nacional del Café toca las fronteras entre la gestión pública que responde al interés nacional y la gestión social privada de una asociación exitosa de profesionales agrícolas que responde a los intereses particulares de los productores. La estrategia de los dirigentes cafeteros ha sido guardar su autonomía organizacional de defensa de los intereses de sus asociados frente al gobierno por la vía de influir sobre las decisiones públicas como su aliado y nunca como su contradictor. La permanencia de sus directivos, la centralización de decisiones estratégicas, la descentralización operativa y su capacidad técnica para el manejo de la información nacional e internacional sobre su socio en la cogestión del Fondo Nacional de Cafeteros, por tanto, han ganado la capacidad de manejarse a sí mismo, es decir, su autonomía y capacidad de autogestión de sus decisiones.

Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico y principios bioéticos en la toma de decisiones

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Gilberto de Jesús Betancourt Betancourt

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio de los principios básicos o tradicionales de la bioética y su influencia en la práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, como condicionante que favorece su aplicación en los pacientes en estado terminal. Se aborda la necesidad de una bioética no importada de otros países, que se corresponda a las características de la realidad latinoamericana y a cada contexto sociocultural. El trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental resaltar la importancia de estos principios básicos en la discusión ético-clínica para la toma de decisiones, a partir de una bioética que se corresponda a la realidad de los sistemas imperantes.

Metodología basada en viñetas para el estudio de toma de decisiones clínicas: validez, utilidad y aplicación en los estudios de campo de la CIE-11

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Spencer C. Evans

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Las metodologías basadas en viñetas se utilizan frecuentemente para examinar los procesos de toma de decisiones, incluyendo los de profesionales sanitarios. No obstante, existen dudas respecto a si las viñetas reflejan adecuadamente los fenómenos del “mundo real” permitiendo así resultados y conclusiones válidas. Ofrecemos una visión de las características, variaciones de diseño, fortalezas y debilidades de estos estudios para examinar cómo los profesionales forman juicios clínicos (como el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Siendo “híbridos” de las encuestas tradicionales y los métodos experimentales, estos estudios pueden ofrecer tanto la alta validez interna de los experimentos como la alta validez externa de las encuestas, al aislar múltiples factores predictivos del comportamiento de los clínicos. Un diseño adecuado para poner a prueba preguntas específicas acerca de los juicios y la toma de decisiones permite resultados altamente generalizables a la “vida real”, sin las limitaciones éticas, prácticas y científicas de los métodos alternativos (como la observación, el auto-informe, la evaluación de pacientes estandarizados, o el análisis de archivos clínicos. Concluimos con recomendaciones metodológicas que se ilustran tras una descripción del uso de las metodologías de viñetas para investigar las decisiones diagnósticas de los clínicos en los estudios de campo controlados de la clasificación de los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en la CIE-11.

Perceived needs for the information communication technology (ICT)-based personalized health management program, and its association with information provision, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and decisional conflict in cancer patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Sim, Jin Ah; Chang, Yoon Jung; Shin, Aesun; Noh, Dong-Young; Han, Wonshik; Yang, Han-Kwang; Kim, Young Whan; Kim, Young Tae; Jeong, Seoung-Yong; Yoon, Jung-Hwan; Kim, Yoon Jun; Heo, Daesuk; Kim, Tae-You; Oh, Do-Youn; Wu, Hong-Gyun; Kim, Hak Jae; Chie, Eui Kyu; Kang, Keon Wook; Kim, Ju Han; Yun, Young Ho

2017-11-01

The use of information communication technology (ICT)-based tailored health management program can have significant health impacts for cancer patients. Information provision, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and decision conflicts were analyzed for their relationship with need for an ICT-based personalized health management program in Korean cancer survivors. The health program needs of 625 cancer survivors from two Korean hospitals were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the need for an ICT-based tailored health management system. Association of the highest such need with medical information experience, HRQOL, and decision conflicts was determined. Furthermore, patient intentions and expectations for a web- or smartphone-based tailored health management program were investigated. Cancer survivors indicated high personalized health management program needs. Patients reporting the highest need included those with higher income (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.70; 95% [confidence interval] CI, 1.10-2.63), those who had received enough information regarding helping themselves (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.09-2.66), and those who wished to receive more information (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97-2.61). Participants with cognitive functioning problems (aOR, 2.87; 95%CI, 1.34-6.17) or appetite loss (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07-2.93) indicated need for a tailored health care program. Patients who perceived greater support from the decision-making process also showed the highest need for an ICT-based program (aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.82). We found that higher income, information provision experience, problematic HRQOL, and decisional conflicts are significantly associated with the need for an ICT-based tailored self-management program. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACION DE UN SISTEMA DE GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE AMERICA LATINA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE ACTORES SOCIALES RELEVANTES

OpenAIRE

CHEYRE ESPINOSA, JUAN EMILIO

2013-01-01

El proyecto Fondef D07I1048 consistió en diseñar una metodología para el conocimiento y la toma de decisiones de actores sociales relevantes sobre América Latina. La aplicación de esta metodologia es de utilidad para ejecutivos y empresarios, que tienen interés en invertir (IED) en países de América Latina en el largo plazo, como así mismo a otros tomadores de decisión. Esta metodología creada está compuesta por un estudio de antecedentes cualitativos y cuantitativos que se constr...

LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE SUS EMPRESAS. REALIDADES Y REGULACIONES

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Rómulo Ogando Ramos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El trabajo aborda la participación activa y consciente de los trabajadores en la toma de decisiones como condición indispensable de su desempeño laboral y su desarrollo individual. Tiene como propósito fundamental analizar el tratamiento del tema en un grupo de documentos regulatorios de la Gestión de Recursos Humanos y de esta manera, mostrar los espacios oficiales de participación que tienen los trabajadores y las formas que puede adoptar la misma.AbstractThe paper deals with the active and conscious participation of the workers in the decision-making as an indispensable condition of its labor performance and its individual development. Its main purpose is to analyze the treatment of this subject in a group of regulations of Human Resource Management and thus, to show the official spaces of participation that the workers have and the ways that it can takes.

TOMA DE DECISIONES DE AGENTES RACIONALES CON PROCESOS MARKOVIANOS. Avances recientes en economía y finanzas

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Onésimo Hernández-Lerma

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se revisa la evolución teórica y práctica de los procesos markovianos y se resalta su rápido avance y notorio potencial en el modelado de los procesos de toma de decisiones de agentes racionales. Dichos procesos han incorporado dinámicas más realistas en el comportamiento de diversas variables económicas y financieras que enriquecen el análisis en ambientes con riesgo e incertidumbre. Particularmente, se destaca diversas extensiones y reformulaciones de procesos markovianos de decisión, juegos estocásticos, optimalidad de Blackwell para procesos de difusión controlados, control óptimo estocástico con procesos de difusión y su combinación con saltos de Poisson, modelado de series de tiempo con cadenas de Markov y, por último, redes bayesianas con cadenas de Markov en conjunción con simulación Monte Carlo (MCMC.

Fondo de infraestructura social municipal y de aportaciones para el fortalecimiento municipal. Toma de decisiones de los gobiernos municipales del Estado de México 2008-2014

OpenAIRE

Fernández Pilar, María Dolores

2016-01-01

El trabajo de investigación que a continuación se presenta, tiene por objetivo conocer y analizar los factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones de los gobiernos municipales para la selección de obras y acciones que se ejecutan con los fondos federales de Aportaciones para el Fortalecimiento de los Municipios y de las Demarcaciones Territoriales del Distrito Federal (FORTAMUNDF) así como el de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social Municipal y de las Demarcaciones Territoriales del ...

Planning for greater-confinement disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilbert, T.L.; Luner, C.; Meshkov, N.K.; Trevorrow, L.E.; Yu, C.

1984-01-01

This contribution is a progress report for preparation of a document that will summarize procedures and technical information needed to plan for and implement greater-confinement disposal (GCD) of low-level radioactive waste. Selection of a site and a facility design (Phase I), and construction, operation, and extended care (Phase II) will be covered in the document. This progress report is limited to Phase I. Phase I includes determination of the need for GCD, design alternatives, and selection of a site and facility design. Alternative designs considered are augered shafts, deep trenches, engineered structures, high-integrity containers, hydrofracture, and improved waste form. Design considerations and specifications, performance elements, cost elements, and comparative advantages and disadvantages of the different designs are covered. Procedures are discussed for establishing overall performance objectives and waste-acceptance criteria, and for comparative assessment of the performance and cost of the different alternatives. 16 references

Planning for greater-confinement disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilbert, T.L.; Luner, C.; Meshkov, N.K.; Trevorrow, L.E.; Yu, C.

1984-01-01

This contribution is a progress report for preparation of a document that will summarize procedures and technical information needed to plan for and implement greater-confinement disposal (GCD) of low-level radioactive waste. Selection of a site and a facility design (Phase I), and construction, operation, and extended care (Phase II) will be covered in the document. This progress report is limited to Phase I. Phase I includes determination of the need for GCD, design alternatives, and selection of a site and facility design. Alternative designs considered are augered shafts, deep trenches, engineered structures, high-integrity containers, hydrofracture, and improved waste form. Design considerations and specifications, performance elements, cost elements, and comparative advantages and disadvantages of the different designs are covered. Procedures are discussed for establishing overall performance objecties and waste-acceptance criteria, and for comparative assessment of the performance and cost of the different alternatives. 16 refs

El proceso cognitivo de la toma de decisiones en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Rita Malm Morgan

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es describir, desde la neuropsicología, el proceso de Toma de Decisiones (TD en sujetos que padecen la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA. Para ello, se estableció una comparación del desempeño en TD de 40 sujetos con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer con el desempeño de un grupo control de 40 sujetos sin diagnóstico de enfermedad neurológica y /o psiquiátrica, pareados por NSEC. El desempeño en la TD se evaluó con la tarea de Game Dice Task (GDT –Tarea del Juego de los Dados de Brand–. También se aplicaron otras pruebas y tareas de evaluación cognitiva para determinar la relación de la TD con otras Funciones Ejecutivas (FE. Los resultados permitieron establecer que el proceso de TD se deteriora desde los comienzos de la enfermedad, evidenciando que el desempeño de los sujetos con EA es significativamente inferior al de los sujetos sanos, con un porcentaje mayor de respuestas de riesgo y aumentos significativos de los tiempos de respuesta. También se observó deterioro en todas las funciones ejecutivas evaluadas. El trabajo provee evidencia empírica que soporta la idea de que la TD se encuentra estrechamente relacionada a las demás FE.

RELACIÓN ENTRE DECISIONES ARBITRALES Y VARIABLES DEPORTIVAS EN EL FÚTBOL PROFESIONAL DE COSTA RICA

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María Clara Rodríguez

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar objetivamente si existen algunas tendencias en los juicios arbitrales del fútbol costarricense, específicamente en cuanto a amonestaciones y expulsiones, se analizaron 575 partidos de primera y segunda división jugados durante los años 2001 y 2002, a partir de los informes arbitrales oficiales. Se confirmó la hipótesis de la ventaja para el equipo local, así como la tendencia a compensar las sanciones entre los equipos contrincantes, especialmente con respecto a las expulsiones; no hubo diferencias en función del nivel de los árbitros, ni se evidenciaron sesgos en función de los equipos. Se hallaron diferencias significativas individuales entre los árbitros. También se encontraron diferencias significativas para tarjetas rojas (TA y tarjetas amarillas (TR entre primer y segundo tiempo, y con relación al número total de goles marcados. En conclusión, se observó mayor discriminación en las decisiones arbitrales frente a las TR y mayor homogeneidad frente a las TA.

Expectativas racionales versus neuroeconomía: ¿cómo tomamos decisiones los agentes?

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Juan Gabriel López Vera

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La implementación de políticas económicas en los países significa la manera más visible como los gobiernos intervienen sobre el funcionamiento del mercado libre para orientar sus perturbaciones a los menores niveles posibles y de esa forma asegurar que la participación de los individuos y empresas sean lo más inclusivas posibles.Sin embargo, la formulación de políticas sugiere que los individuos cambien ciertos patrones de comportamiento para que se logren los resultados esperados y en la mayoría de los casos esos resultados no se logran alcanzar, en parte porque los agentes no se ajustan a las particularidades de los rigurosos modelos de predicción.La mayoría de dichos modelos sugiere una conducta perfecta e ideal que escapa a las actitudes de las personas en su vida diaria, el presente documento constituye una aproximación a ese comportamiento a través de la decisiones individuales explorando el supuesto clásico de la racionalidad y contraponiendo a esta el papel de los impulsos que se fundamentan en la actividad neuronal del cerebro y que se define como neuroeconomía.

Peritajes psicológicos forenses en decisiones judiciales de primera instancia en delitos sexuales

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Milena M. Rudas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la importancia de los informes psicológicos forenses en la toma de decisiones judiciales de primera instancia en delitos sexuales en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia mediante un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo. Se analizaron diversas variables con el propósito de categorizar si en las sentencias judiciales se menciona la pericial por el juez al momento de dictarlas, y cuál es el valor diferencial de los informes psicológicos forenses. También se revisó la concordancia entre la decisión final del juez y los resultados plasmados en el informe psicológico. Como conclusión significativa se obtuvo que en el 80 % de las sentencias hubo mención a la pericial por el juez al fundamentar su decisión; en un 80 % de los casos el juez tomó la decisión de manera concordante con los resultados del informe psicológico. Como conclusión se plantea que para la Administración de Justicia se requiere personal auxiliar especializado y que el psicólogo jurídico en función forense funge como fuente directa de conocimiento, y se constituye en un medio de convicción apreciable.

Lógica difusa para la toma de decisiones y la selección de personal

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Francisco Javier Ruvalcaba Coyaso

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo de investigación se enfoca en la lógica difusa. Identifica de qué manera sirve para la selección de personal y qué publicaciones relevantes existen acerca de su efectividad en el escenario empresarial. La revisión realizada se llevó a cabo a partir de una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas. Se encuentra que la fuzzy logic puede ofrecer al proceso de selección de personal algo de certidumbre, en particular en la toma de decisiones que lo acompaña. Puede contribuir también en el proceso de identificación de la persona más adecuada para realizar un conjunto de actividades, de acuerdo, además, con su perfil psicológico. Su uso ayuda, en efecto, a disminuir la ambigüedad y la subjetividad inherentes a la decisión en estos procesos. Esto, dado que los resultados de las pruebas psicométricas y de las entrevistas no son discrecionales, ellas se acompañan, usualmente, de múltiples criterios de asignación de valor.

Metodología para la toma de decisiones de inversión en portafolio de acciones utilizando la técnica multicriterio AHP

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John Willmer Escobar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una metodología para la toma de decisiones en el mercado accionario colombiano utilizando la técnica multicriterio Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP. La problemática está relacionada con el proceso de inversión en un mercado bursátil considerando criterios de riesgo y rentabilidad. La metodología propuesta incluye la integración de las técnicas tradicionales de decisión de inversión en portafolio de acciones junto con la técnica multicriterio AHP que permite evaluar un número finito de alternativas de manera jerárquica bajo criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos. La metodología ha sido probada en la solución del problema de selección de portafolio de acciones de alta y media bursatilidad que cotizaron en el mercado colombiano durante el periodo de diciembre de 2007 a abril de 2010. Los resultados computacionales muestran la importancia y la eficiencia de la integración exitosa de los criterios tradicionales de inversión en portafolio de acciones junto con la metodología AHP para encontrar un balance apropiado entre rentabilidad y riesgo en el proceso de toma de decisiones de inversión en acciones en el mercado bursátil colombiano. Derechos reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Greater happiness for a greater number: Is that possible in Austria?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R. Veenhoven (Ruut)

2011-01-01

textabstractWhat is the final goal of public policy? Jeremy Bentham (1789) would say: greater happiness for a greater number. He thought of happiness as subjective enjoyment of life; in his words as “the sum of pleasures and pains”. In his time the happiness of the great number could not be measured

Greater happiness for a greater number: Is that possible in Germany?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R. Veenhoven (Ruut)

2009-01-01

textabstractWhat is the final goal of public policy? Jeremy Bentham (1789) would say: greater happiness for a greater number. He thought of happiness as subjective enjoyment of life; in his words as “the sum of pleasures and pains”. In his time the Happiness of the great number could not be measured

Measuring kidney patients' motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant: development of stage of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Waterman, Amy D; Robbins, Mark L; Paiva, Andrea L; Peipert, John D; Davis, LaShara A; Hyland, Shelley S; Schenk, Emily A; Baldwin, Kari A; Amoyal, Nicole R

2015-02-01

While educational interventions to increase patient motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant have shown success in increasing living donor kidney transplant rates, there are no validated, theoretically consistent measures of Stage of Change, a measure of readiness to pursue living donor kidney transplant; Decisional Balance, a weighted assessment of living donor kidney transplant's advantages/disadvantages; and Self-Efficacy, a measure of belief that patients can pursue living donor kidney transplant in difficult circumstances. This study developed and validated measures of these three constructs. In two independent samples of kidney patients (N 1 = 279 and N 2 = 204), results showed good psychometric properties and support for their use in the assessment of living donor kidney transplant interventions. © The Author(s) 2013.

Análisis comparativo de la auditoría financiera y la auditoría integral y sus beneficios en la toma de decisiones en las empresas comerciales

OpenAIRE

Altamirano Calderón, Silvia Soraya

2014-01-01

La necesidad de ser competitivos, requiere concientización empresarial para mejorar esquemas de control, administración, mitigar riesgos internos, externos, para prevenir, corregir, implementar, tener herramientas fiables, tomar decisiones estratégicas, lograr objetivos organizacionales. Se comparó teoría y práctica entre Auditoria Financiera y Auditoria Integral sector comercial período 2012 para resolver la pregunta de cuál Auditoria, tiene información con mayor confiabilidad concluyendo co...

Moderate Baseline Vagal Tone Predicts Greater Prosociality in Children

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Jonas G.; Kahle, Sarah; Hastings, Paul D.

2016-01-01

Vagal tone is widely believed to be an important physiological aspect of emotion regulation and associated positive behaviors. However, there is inconsistent evidence for relations between children’s baseline vagal tone and their helpful or prosocial responses to others (Hastings & Miller, 2014). Recent work in adults suggests a quadratic association (inverted U-shape curve) between baseline vagal tone and prosociality (Kogan et al., 2014). The present research examined whether this nonlinear association was evident in children. We found consistent evidence for a quadratic relation between vagal tone and prosociality across 3 samples of children using 6 different measures. Compared to low and high vagal tone, moderate vagal tone in early childhood concurrently predicted greater self-reported prosociality (Study 1), observed empathic concern in response to the distress of others and greater generosity toward less fortunate peers (Study 2), and longitudinally predicted greater self-, mother-, and teacher-reported prosociality 5.5 years later in middle childhood (Study 3). Taken together, our findings suggest that moderate vagal tone at rest represents a physiological preparedness or tendency to engage in different forms of prosociality across different contexts. Early moderate vagal tone may reflect an optimal balance of regulation and arousal that helps prepare children to sympathize, comfort, and share with others. PMID:27819463

Adults with Greater Weight Satisfaction Report More Positive Health Behaviors and Have Better Health Status Regardless of BMI

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Christine E. Blake

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Prior studies suggest that weight satisfaction may preclude changes in behavior that lead to healthier weight among individuals who are overweight or obese. Objective. To gain a better understanding of complex relationships between weight satisfaction, weight-related health behaviors, and health outcomes. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS. Participants. Large mixed-gender cohort of primarily white, middle-to-upper socioeconomic status (SES adults with baseline examination between 1987 and 2002 (n=19,003. Main Outcome Variables. Weight satisfaction, weight-related health behaviors, chronic health conditions, and clinical health indicators. Statistical Analyses Performed. Chi-square test, t-tests, and linear and multivariate logistic regression. Results. Compared to men, women were more likely to be dieting (32% women; 18% men and had higher weight dissatisfaction. Men and women with greater weight dissatisfaction reported more dieting, yo-yo dieting, and snacking and consuming fewer meals, being less active, and having to eat either more or less than desired to maintain weight regardless of weight status. Those who were overweight or obese and dissatisfied with their weight had the poorest health. Conclusion. Greater satisfaction with one’s weight was associated with positive health behaviors and health outcomes in both men and women and across weight status groups.

Análisis de factibilidad y viabilidad económica en la toma de decisiones para la aplicación de cenizas en áreas forestales

OpenAIRE

Santillán-Fernández, Alberto; Corbelle-Rico, Eduardo; Omil Ignacio, Beatriz; Fernández, A.; Merino, Agustín; Basurto, F.; Santoyo Cortés, Vinicio Horacio

2016-01-01

La determinación de factibilidad, accesibilidad y logística para la aplicación de cenizas a áreas forestales, es una tarea compleja que agrupa varios objetivos. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la toma de decisiones para la optimización de la aplicación de cenizas. El estudio se realizó en dos etapas. La primera consideró aspectos ambientales, sociales, culturales y económicos enmarcados en el artículo 12 d...

Los partidos políticos minoritarios y su influencia en el proceso de toma de decisiones en México : un análisis de redes

OpenAIRE

Yañez Rivas, Viridiana Gabriela

2010-01-01

Se analiza el comportamiento de los partidos políticos en su trabajo legislativo con el objeto de saber cuáles son los factores que influyen en la definición de los problemas que tratan de legislar (o aprobar) e incluso poder establecer una relación causal entre las decisiones que son tomadas por estos en el Congreso, y los resultados que se esperan de ellas. La propuesta teórica aquí presentada es la de Teoría de Redes, la cual brinda la posibilidad de tomar en cuenta en el análisis elemento...

Modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias

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Maybe Campos

Full Text Available Para contribuir a la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias se apreció la necesidad de concebir un Modelo de Gestión Estratégica (MGE, compuesto por un conjunto de procedimientos y herramientas específicos, el cual se sustenta en varias premisas que están relacionadas con el cometido de la administración de la entidad, la disponibilidad de información y el compromiso de los trabajadores; asimismo, tiene características fundamentales que lo distinguen. El MGE es participativo, proactivo e interactivo, y posee cuatro etapas de evaluación; en él se integran una serie de herramientas que logran analizar e interpretar sus dimensiones con un enfoque holístico, mediante la utilización de un sistema de gestión por procesos que favorece la interrelación actores-ecosistemas y promueve la agroecología. Después de ejecutadas las cuatro etapas, que incluyen la planeación estratégica de la entidad, se implementó el modelo y se realizaron actividades de control estratégico.

Diseño de un sistema de información, bajo un enfoque de inteligencia de negocios, para el proceso de toma de decisiones. Caso: Empresa Diafoot

OpenAIRE

Pozo Cadena, Juan Carlos

2016-01-01

Los sistemas de inteligencia de negocios asisten y potencian los procesos de toma de decisiones, a través de los datos acumulados que las empresas disponen y cuya explotación inadecuada genera inconsistencias, múltiples versiones de la verdad y un desperdicio de tiempo y recursos. El presente trabajo de investigación plantea el diseño de un sistema de información, bajo el enfoque de inteligencia de negocios, el cual mide, dimensiona e interrelaciona los datos que Diafoot dispone y requiere co...

A Better Model for Management Training

Science.gov (United States)

Bobele, H. Kenneth; Buchanan, Peter J.

1976-01-01

Greater precision in appraising training needs, greater clarity in defining training objectives, and an emphasis on a practical, skills-oriented approach to management development can result from using Henry Mintzberg's model which describes managerial work in terms of 6 job characteristics and 10 interpersonal, informational, or decisional roles.…

Financial decision-making abilities and financial exploitation in older African Americans: Preliminary validity evidence for the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale (LFDRS).

Science.gov (United States)

Lichtenberg, Peter A; Ficker, Lisa J; Rahman-Filipiak, Annalise

2016-01-01

This study examines preliminary evidence for the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale (LFDRS), a new person-centered approach to assessing capacity to make financial decisions, and its relationship to self-reported cases of financial exploitation in 69 older African Americans. More than one third of individuals reporting financial exploitation also had questionable decisional abilities. Overall, decisional ability score and current decision total were significantly associated with cognitive screening test and financial ability scores, demonstrating good criterion validity. Study findings suggest that impaired decisional abilities may render older adults more vulnerable to financial exploitation, and that the LFDRS is a valid tool.

QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION TO OPTIMIZE THE DECISIONAL PROCESS

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Miculescu Marius Nicolae

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article provides information on business and therefore need managers to obtain information relevant accounting, reliable, clear, accurate and lowest costs to optimize decision making. This need derives from the current economic environment. The survival of organizations in a competitive environment, to which they must adapt, is conditioned by obtaining accounting information which should be qualitative, opportune, vital, and in a short time. This information is related to patrimony, analytical results, the market (dynamics, dimensions, and structure, and relationships with business partners, competitors, suppliers. Therefore focus more intensely on the quality of accounting information. Definition of quality of accounting information but leave the boundaries and features of accounting communication process and aims to determine \\\\\\"quality criteria\\\\\\" or \\\\\\"qualitative characteristics\\\\\\" to develop a measurement tool. Note that the reviewliterature was found that the normalization and accounting dotrine, criteria for definition of quality of accounting infornation are not identical, their selection and ranking is different. Theory and practice also identifies the fact that information itself is worthless. Instead it is valuable once it is used in a decisional process. Thus, the economic value of the accounting information depends on the earnings obtained after making a decision, diminished by information cost. To be more specific, it depends on the table or on the implemented decision tree, on the informational cost and on the optimal condition established by the decision maker (due to the fact that producing accounting information implies costs which are often considerable and profits arise only form shares. The problem of convergence between content and interpretation of information sent by users also take, and the quality of information to be intelligible. In this case, those who use, say users should have sufficient

Ecology of Greater Sage-Grouse in the Bi-State Planning Area Final Report, September 2007

Science.gov (United States)

Casazza, Michael L.; Overton, Cory T.; Farinha, Melissa A.; Torregrosa, Alicia; Fleskes, Joseph P.; Miller, Michael R.; Sedinger, James S.; Kolada, Eric J.

2009-01-01

Conservation efforts for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), hereafter sage-grouse, are underway across the range of this species. Over 70 local working groups have been established and are implementing on-the-ground sage-grouse oriented conservation projects. Early on in this process, the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) recognized the need to join in these efforts and received funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under the Candidate Species Conservation Program to help develop a species conservation plan for sage-grouse in the Mono County area. This conservation plan covers portions of Alpine, Mono, and Inyo counties in California and Douglas, Esmeralda, Lyon, and Mineral counties in Nevada. A concurrent effort underway through the Nevada Governor's Sage-grouse Conservation Team established Local Area Working Groups across Nevada and eastern California. The Mono County populations of sage-grouse were encompassed by the Bi-State Local Planning Area, which was comprised of six population management units (PMUs). The state agencies from California (CDFG) and Nevada (Nevada Department of Wildlife; NDOW) responsible for the management of sage-grouse agreed to utilize the process that had begun with the Nevada Governor's Team in order to develop local plans for conservation planning and implementation. Resources from the USFWS were applied to several objectives in support of the development of the Bi-State Local Area Sage-grouse Conservation Plan through a grant to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Objectives included: (1) participate in the development of the Bi-State Conservation Plan, (2) compile and synthesize existing sage-grouse data, (3) document seasonal movements of sage-grouse, (4) identify habitats critical to sage-grouse, (5) determine survival rates and identify causal factors of mortality, (6) determine nest success and brood success of sage-grouse, and (7) identify sage-grouse lek sites. Progress reports

Modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en entidades agropecuarias. Implementación en una UBPC del municipio Martí (Parte II¹

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maybe Campos

Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo ofrecer los resultados de la implementación de un modelo de gestión estratégica para la toma de decisiones en una unidad básica de producción cooperativa (UBPC del municipio Martí en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba, específicamente el análisis de un conjunto de indicadores económicos, ambientales y técnico-productivos. El punto de partida fue la desfavorable situación económica y ambiental que presentaba la UBPC en 2005, lo cual exigió un análisis estratégico enfocado hacia el desarrollo sostenible a partir de la óptima y racional utilización de los recursos existentes; ello incluyó la formulación de 12 estrategias generales. La comprobación de la efectividad de la implementación del modelo de gestión estratégica (MGE se basó en su factibilidad de aplicación, en la cual se tuvo en cuenta la valoración de 15 expertos competentes de la entidad con un apreciable coeficiente de concordancia y los cambios tangibles e intangibles que se generaron entre 2006 y 2011. Con la implementación del MGE se contribuyó a dotar a la UBPC de un proceder organizativo consciente, integrador y sistematizado para la gestión estratégica, el cual apoye la toma de decisiones.

Estudio comparativo de las decisiones de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo español y los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre las implicaciones psicológicas en menores en situación de guarda y custodia compartida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Marín

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se toma como referencia la modificación de la Ley 15/2005 en el Código Civil español, donde se introduce el concepto de guarda y custodia compartida por primera vez en España. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer si existe una relación entre los resultados de las investigaciones con base empírica y las decisiones judiciales acerca de los efectos que producen en menores la guarda y custodia compartidas. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las investigaciones relativas a las consecuencias de la custodia compartida, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Posteriormente, se han comparado los resultados de las investigaciones con las decisiones de los magistrados, obtenidas tras realizar un análisis de la jurisprudencia de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015.

Patient expectations predict greater pain relief with joint arthroplasty.

Science.gov (United States)

Gandhi, Rajiv; Davey, John Roderick; Mahomed, Nizar

2009-08-01

We examined the relationship between patient expectations of total joint arthroplasty and functional outcomes. We surveyed 1799 patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty for demographic data and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index scores at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year of follow-up. Patient expectations were determined with 3 survey questions. The patients with the greatest expectations of surgery were younger, male, and had a lower body mass index. Linear regression modeling showed that a greater expectation of pain relief with surgery independently predicted greater reported pain relief at 1 year of follow-up, adjusted for all relevant covariates (P relief after joint arthroplasty is an important predictor of outcomes at 1 year.

INFLUENCIA DE LOS INVERSIONISTAS INSTITUCIONALES EN LAS DECISIONES DE ESTRUCTURA DE CAPITAL DE LA EMPRESA. Evidencia para un mercado emergente

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Felipe Araya Sepúlveda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza empíricamente la influencia de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensión (AFP como principales accionistas institucionales, sobre las decisiones de estructura de capital de la empresa chilena. Estos inversionistas pueden influir en la estructura de capital mediante distintos papeles como los de monitoreo a la gestión y de recopilación y transferencia de información al mercado. El análisis es desarrollado durante el periodo 2009-2011 para una muestra de 109 empresas chilenas que cotizan en la bolsa. Las AFP no sólo participan en el mercado accionario sino que también compiten por la deuda pública, por lo que nuestros resultados son relevantes al indicar la positiva influencia de este tipo de inversionistas en la contratación y emisión de deuda, particularmente la pública.

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anahí Briozzo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina, se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se endeudan en mayor medida, mientras que las empresas que adoptan formas legales con responsabilidad limitada se diferencian en un mayor uso de créditos con garantías reales. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de diseñar políticas de apoyo focalizadas hacia los distintos segmentos de empresas

Decisiones de financiamiento en pymes: ¿existen diferencias en función del tamaño y la forma legal?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anahí Briozzo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza si existen características diferenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en función de su tamaño y de su forma legal. Se estudian en especial las decisiones de financiamiento, tomando como marco el enfoque de jerarquía financiera, trade-off y ciclo de vida. Empleando una muestra de empresas radicadas en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina, se realizan test no paramétricos y test de independencia sobre las variables. Los resultados muestran que las empresas de mayor tamaño se endeudan en mayor medida, mientras que las empresas que adoptan formas legales con responsabilidad limitada se diferencian en un mayor uso de créditos con garantías reales. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de diseñar políticas de apoyo focalizadas hacia los distintos segmentos de empresas.

Spirituality is associated with better prostate cancer treatment decision making experiences.

Science.gov (United States)

Mollica, Michelle A; Underwood, Willie; Homish, Gregory G; Homish, D Lynn; Orom, Heather

2016-02-01

This study examined whether spiritual beliefs are associated with greater decision-making satisfaction, lower decisional conflict and decision-making difficulty with the decision-making process in newly diagnosed men with prostate cancer. Participants were 1114 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had recently made their treatment decision, but had not yet been treated. We used multivariable linear regression to analyze relationships between spirituality and decision-making satisfaction, decisional conflict, and decision-making difficulty, controlling for optimism and resilience, and clinical and sociodemographic factors. Results indicated that greater spirituality was associated with greater decision-making satisfaction (B = 0.02; p conflict (B = -0.42; p spiritual beliefs may be a coping resource during the treatment decision-making process. Providing opportunities for patients to integrate their spiritual beliefs and their perceptions of their cancer diagnosis and trajectory could help reduce patient uncertainty and stress during this important phase of cancer care continuum.

Greater general startle reflex is associated with greater anxiety levels: a correlational study on 111 young women

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Eleonora ePoli

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Startle eyeblink reflex is a valid non-invasive tool for studying attention, emotion and psychiatric disorders. In the absence of any experimental manipulation, the general (or baseline startle reflex shows a high inter-individual variability, which is often considered task-irrelevant and therefore normalized across participants. Unlike the above view, we hypothesized that greater general startle magnitude is related to participants’ higher anxiety level. 111 healthy young women, after completing the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, were randomly administered 10 acoustic white noise probes (50 ms, 100 dBA acoustic level while integrated EMG from left and right orbicularis oculi was recorded. Results showed that participants with greater state anxiety levels exhibited larger startle reflex magnitude from the left eye (r109=0.23, p<0.05. Furthermore, individuals who perceived the acoustic probe as more aversive reported the largest anxiety scores (r109=0.28, p<0.05 and had the largest eyeblinks, especially in the left eye (r109 = 0.34, p<0.001. Results suggest that general startle may represent a valid tool for studying the neural excitability underlying anxiety and emotional dysfunction in neurological and mental disorders.

Tube-Super Dielectric Materials: Electrostatic Capacitors with Energy Density Greater than 200 J·cm-3.

Science.gov (United States)

Cortes, Francisco Javier Quintero; Phillips, Jonathan

2015-09-17

The construction and performance of a second generation of super dielectric material based electrostatic capacitors (EC), with energy density greater than 200 J·cm - ³, which rival the best reported energy density of electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), also known as supercapacitors, are reported. The first generation super dielectric materials (SDM) are multi-material mixtures with dielectric constants greater than 1.0 × 10⁵, composed of a porous, electrically insulating powder filled with a polarizable, ion-containing liquid. Second-generation SDMs (TSDM), introduced here, are anodic titania nanotube arrays filled with concentrated aqueous salt solutions. Capacitors using TiO₂ based TSDM were found to have dielectric constants at ~0 Hz greater than 10⁷ in all cases, a maximum operating voltage of greater than 2 volts and remarkable energy density that surpasses the highest previously reported for EC capacitors by approximately one order of magnitude. A simple model based on the classic ponderable media model was shown to be largely consistent with data from nine EC type capacitors employing TSDM.

Tube-Super Dielectric Materials: Electrostatic Capacitors with Energy Density Greater than 200 J·cm−3

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Francisco Javier Quintero Cortes

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The construction and performance of a second generation of super dielectric material based electrostatic capacitors (EC, with energy density greater than 200 J·cm−3, which rival the best reported energy density of electric double layer capacitors (EDLC, also known as supercapacitors, are reported. The first generation super dielectric materials (SDM are multi-material mixtures with dielectric constants greater than 1.0 × 105, composed of a porous, electrically insulating powder filled with a polarizable, ion-containing liquid. Second-generation SDMs (TSDM, introduced here, are anodic titania nanotube arrays filled with concentrated aqueous salt solutions. Capacitors using TiO2 based TSDM were found to have dielectric constants at ~0 Hz greater than 107 in all cases, a maximum operating voltage of greater than 2 volts and remarkable energy density that surpasses the highest previously reported for EC capacitors by approximately one order of magnitude. A simple model based on the classic ponderable media model was shown to be largely consistent with data from nine EC type capacitors employing TSDM.

Diseño de sistema experto para toma de decisiones de compra de materiales

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Carlos A. Torres Navarro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar la factibilidad de integración entre las teorías de inventarios y de sistemas expertos a través del diseño de un sistema informático basado en el conocimiento para apoyar el proceso de toma de decisiones en el área de logística y abastecimiento de una empresa forestal líder en Latino América. La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión de publicaciones científicas de acceso online sobre modelos de inventarios, criterios de clasificación multicriterio ABC e identificación de los componentes de sistemas expertos basados en el conocimiento. Los resultados permiten disponer de un diseño de sistema experto soportado por planillas Excel, programación de macros en Visual Basic e interacción con un sistema informático de planificación de recursos empresariales. Las principales conclusiones son que es factible la integración entre la teoría de inventarios, la utilización de una clasificación multicriterio ABC con la teoría de sistemas expertos basados en conocimientos de tipo tácito y explícito y además, es posible lograr una reducción del 40% del capital de trabajo retenido en inventarios

Effect of decision aid for breast cancer prevention on decisional conflict in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: a multisite, randomized, controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Metcalfe, Kelly A; Dennis, Cindy-Lee; Poll, Aletta; Armel, Susan; Demsky, Rochelle; Carlsson, Lindsay; Nanda, Sonia; Kiss, Alexander; Narod, Steven A

2017-03-01

Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are at high risk for breast cancer and must make important decisions about breast cancer prevention and screening. In the current study, we report a multisite, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a decision aid for breast cancer prevention in women with a BRCA mutation with no previous diagnosis of cancer. Within 1 month of receiving a positive BRCA result, women were randomized to receive either usual care (control group) or decision aid (intervention group). Participants were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months; were asked about preventive measures; and completed standardized questionnaires assessing decision making and psychosocial functioning. One hundred fifty women were randomized. Mean cancer-related distress scores were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group at 6 months (P = 0.01) and at 12 months postrandomization (P = 0.05). Decisional conflict scores declined over time for both groups and at no time were there statistical differences between the two groups. The decision aid for breast cancer prevention in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is effective in significantly decreasing cancer-related distress within the year following receipt of positive genetic test results.Genet Med 19 3, 330-336.

Herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones y prospectiva territorial

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Silvia Luna

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En la Provincia de Santa Cruz el área cordillerana es la más postergada en términos de poblamiento y cualificación de sus territorios. En este espacio de cerca de 100.000 km2 ubicado sobre la traza de la Ruta Nacional 40 y la frontera con Chile, cinco municipios y tres comisiones de fomento reunían en 2001 menos de 25.000 habitantes. Estos espacios experimentan particularmente desde fines del Siglo pasado profundas transformaciones territoriales: penetración de nuevas actividades y capitales, acelerada inserción en mercados internacionales y modificaciones en las relaciones entre grupos sociales afectando las formas de organización de la producción y del espacio.Las dinámicas de las actividades dominantes son fundamentalmente extractivas, como la minería y la explotación de hidrocarburos, que lentamente se despliega hacia el oeste provincial, determinadas por un escenario internacional de disputa por la valoración y el acceso a recursos naturales entre grandes empresas trasnacionales y sociedades.El plan se encuadró en el Subproyecto Herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones del Proyecto de Investigación UNPA 29 A/254-2 Desarrollo territorial y recursos naturales en el espacio cordillerano santacruceño. Potencialidades, vulnerabilidades y proyectos regionales dirigido por Alejandro Schweitzer y codirigido por Boris Díaz. A tal efecto se trabajó en particular en torno al estudio de indicadores de desarrollo territorial y la integración de unidades espaciales en el marco de su incorporación a los sistemas de información territorial y la captura y procesamiento de información en campo por medio de entrevistas e inventarios particularmente sobre la Micro-Región de Río Turbio.

Proyectando el futuro: un estudio sobre toma de decisiones vocacionales desde un enfoque narrativo autobiográfico

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Jesús Rubio-Jiménez

2017-11-01

Full Text Available El trabajo que presentamos se desarrolla en el marco de la educación secundaria obligatoria y se centra en la perspectiva de seis alumnos y una alumna con dificultades de aprendizaje procedentes de una pequeña población rural española. El diseño incluye algunos aspectos novedosos al combinar estrategias de investigación e intervención basadas en las nociones de mediación y re-mediación socio-cultural. Se asume un doble objetivo analítico y práctico: por un lado, analizar la forma como los estudiantes construyen discursivamente significados identitarios vinculados con la toma de decisiones sobre su futuro; por otro, ofrecer a los orientados herramientas que, a modo de dispositivo re-mediador, faciliten la tarea reflexiva que supone la construcción y proyección de la propia carrera académica y laboral. Se concluye que el uso reflexivo de narrativas autobiográficas permite integrar la orientación vocacional en el contexto social, cultural e institucional en que se produce, logrando así una mayor significatividad e impacto en la vida del orientado.

¿Qué Determina el Desempeño en la Toma de Decisiones de Hombres y Mujeres?

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Alicia Arenas Moreno

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende analizar el efecto del sexo sobre el desempeño en una tarea compleja de toma de decisiones. El rendimiento en tareas de logro está ligado a las dinámicas autorreguladoras, como la autoeficacia, las metas personales y el compromiso con la tarea, determinadas por variables disposicionales como la orientación de las metas o, estudiada más recientemente, la orientación hacia los errores. Concretamente, tratamos de comparar los procesos de autorregulación y factores disposicionales entre chicos y chicas estudiantes universitarios ante la realización de una tarea que simula la implementación de la innovación y el cambio en una organización. Los resultados muestran que son las mujeres quienes manifiestan una clara tendencia a comunicar los errores y se muestran menos preocupadas por demostrar competencia ante los demás. Sin embargo, ante las dificultades mostrarían sentirse menos capaces de afrontarlas, más angustiadas y se plantearían metas más bajas para su desempeño, lo que les llevaría finalmente a alcanzar un rendimiento inferior.

Modelos de optimización matemática para el sistema de soporte de decisiones en el planeamiento a largo plazo en una mina a tajo abierto

OpenAIRE

Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo; Solis Vargas, Edgard Gustavo

2000-01-01

Se ha desarrollado un Sistema para el Soporte de Decisiones (SSD), en una empresa minera a tajo abierto, orientado a apoyar en la creación de los planes de producción e inversión a largo plazo, dicho SSD está compuesto por un subsistema de modelos, usados para generar los planes de producción e inversión, un subsistema de información para las operaciones transaccionales de la empresa y una interface de usuario final para el ingreso de parámetros, manejo del modelo y presentación de resultados...

Greater happiness for a greater number: Is that possible? If so how? (Arabic)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R. Veenhoven (Ruut); E. Samuel (Emad)

2012-01-01

textabstractWhat is the final goal of public policy? Jeremy Bentham (1789) would say: greater happiness for a greater number. He thought of happiness as subjective enjoyment of life; in his words as “the sum of pleasures and pains”. In his time, the happiness of the great number could not be

Criteria and technical concept for demonstrating greater confinement disposal of radioactive wastes at Arid Western Sites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, P.H.

1981-01-01

This report summarizes the work of two documents; the Criteria for Greater Confinement of Radioactive Wastes at Arid Western Sites, NVO-234, March 1981, (within this report, referred to as the GCDF Criteria Document); and the Draft Technical Concept for a Test of Greater Confinement Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Unsaturated Media at the Nevada Test Site, FBDU-343-004, June 1981, (referred within this report as the Technical Concept for the GCDF). For the past two years, Ford, Bacon and Davis has been performing technical services for the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site in development of defense low-level waste management concepts, including the greater confinement disposal concept with particular application to arid sites. The investigations have included the development of Criteria for Greater Confinement Disposal, NVO-234, which we published in May of this year; then the draft for the technical concept for greater confinement disposal, published in June; leading up to the point where we are now. The final technical concept and design specifications should be published imminently. The document is prerequisite to the actual construction and implementation of the demonstration facility this fiscal year

Haemangiopericytoma of greater omentum. A rare cause of acute abdominal pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Bovino, A; Basso, L; Di Giacomo, G; Codacci Pisanelli, M; Basile, U; De Toma, G

2003-12-01

Haemangiopericytoma (HPT) is a rare neoplasm that can occur in any part of the human body. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with sudden severe upper abdominal pain caused by primary HPT in the greater omentum.

Torsion of the greater omentum: A rare preoperative diagnosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tandon, Ankit Anil; Lim, Kian Soon

2010-01-01

Torsion of the greater omentum is a rare acute abdominal condition that is seldom diagnosed preoperatively. We report the characteristic computed tomography (CT) scan findings and the clinical implications of this unusual diagnosis in a 41-year-old man, who also had longstanding right inguinal hernia. Awareness of omental torsion as a differential diagnosis in the acute abdomen setting is necessary for correct patient management

Influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes

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Juan Pablo Sanabria Mazo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes. La muestra, seleccionada intencionalmente, estuvo conformada por cuatro hombres y cuatro mujeres, de los cuales dos de cada sexo habían iniciado su vida sexual y dos no. Las entrevistas en profundidad se analizaron con el apoyo del programa Atlas.ti. Las motivaciones para no iniciar su vida sexual se relacionaron con el amor hacia Dios y no convertir sus relaciones en un acto sexual, mientras que para iniciarla se asociaron con la exploración y la madurez espiritual. Los participantes que no habían iniciado su vida sexual estuvieron en contra de los métodos anticonceptivos artificiales al percibirlos como un elemento que solo promueve la satisfacción sexual. Se identificó que la religión influyó en las motivaciones que tuvieron los estudiantes para iniciar o no su vida sexual.

Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Transportation Strategy report and institutional plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitt, R.C.; Tyacke, M.J.

1995-01-01

This document contains two parts. Part I, Greater-Than-Class-C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Transportation Strategy, addresses the requirements, responsibilities, and strategy to transport and receive these wastes. The strategy covers (a) transportation packaging, which includes shipping casks and waste containers; (b) transportation operations relating to the five facilities involved in transportation, i.e., waste originator, interim storage, dedicated storage, treatment, and disposal; (c) system safety and risk analysis; (d) routes; (e) emergency preparedness and response; and (o safeguards and security. A summary of strategic actions is provided at the conclusion of Part 1. Part II, Institutional Plan for Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Packaging and Transportation, addresses the assumptions, requirements, and institutional plan elements and actions. As documented in the Strategy and Institutional Plan, the most challenging issues facing the GTCC LLW Program shipping campaign are institutional issues closely related to the strategy. How the Program addresses those issues and demonstrates to the states, local governments, and private citizens that the shipments can and will be made safely will strongly affect the success or failure of the campaign.

Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Transportation Strategy report and institutional plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmitt, R.C.; Tyacke, M.J.

1995-01-01

This document contains two parts. Part I, Greater-Than-Class-C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Transportation Strategy, addresses the requirements, responsibilities, and strategy to transport and receive these wastes. The strategy covers (a) transportation packaging, which includes shipping casks and waste containers; (b) transportation operations relating to the five facilities involved in transportation, i.e., waste originator, interim storage, dedicated storage, treatment, and disposal; (c) system safety and risk analysis; (d) routes; (e) emergency preparedness and response; and (o safeguards and security. A summary of strategic actions is provided at the conclusion of Part 1. Part II, Institutional Plan for Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Packaging and Transportation, addresses the assumptions, requirements, and institutional plan elements and actions. As documented in the Strategy and Institutional Plan, the most challenging issues facing the GTCC LLW Program shipping campaign are institutional issues closely related to the strategy. How the Program addresses those issues and demonstrates to the states, local governments, and private citizens that the shipments can and will be made safely will strongly affect the success or failure of the campaign

Desarrollo de la competencia argumentativa a través de la toma de decisiones en el abordaje de la cuestión sociocientífica “uso y comercialización del PVC”

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Lady Carolina Achury

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Se plantea el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una estrategia de aula con la implementación de una secuencia didáctica, que se aplica a estudiantes de grado undécimo de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Dicha estrategia utiliza una metodología cualitativa a través de categorías de análisis de argumentación y toma de decisiones. Los resultados de esta experiencia de aula buscan evaluar la articulación entre la argumentación y la toma de decisiones, mediante el abordaje de la cuestión sociocientífica: uso y comercialización del Policloruro de Vinilo (PVC. En un primer momento se analizan las ideas previas de los estudiantes frente a los polímeros, específicamente el PVC, con el objetivo de establecer algunos parámetros que permitan mejorar la secuencia a implementar. Posteriormente se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las actividades planteadas de la secuencia, analizando el nivel de argumentación en la toma de decisiones que presentan los estudiantes.Development of Argumentative Competence through Decisions Making of Socio-Scientific Questions: "Use and Marketing of PVC"AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of a strategy of classroom with the implementation of a teaching sequence that applies to high school student’s (junior of a public school in Bogotá-Colombia. This strategy uses a qualitative methodology through categories of analysis of argumentation and decision making. The results of this classroom experience seeking to assess the relevance to articulate the argument in decision-making; by addressing the socio-scientific issue "use and marketing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC". At first previous ideas of students compared to polymers, specifically PVC, in order to establish some parameters to improve the sequence to implement are discussed. Subsequently, the results of the proposed activities of the sequence, analyzing the level of argumentation in the decision making of students

La argumentación abstracta en Inteligencia Artificial: problemas de interpretación y adecuación de las semánticas para la toma de decisiones

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Gustavo Adrián Bodanza

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El modelo de marcos argumentativos abstractos es actualmente la herramienta más utilizada para caracterizar la justificación de argumentos derrotables en Inteligencia Artificial. Las justificciones se determinan en base a los ataques entre argumentos y se formalizan a través de semánticas de extensiones. Aquí sostenemos que, o bien algunos marcos argumentativos carecen de sentido bajo ciertas concepciones de ataque específicas, o bien las semánticas más usadas en la literatura, basadas en el concepto de defensa conocido como admisibilidad, no resultan adecuadas para justificar, en particular, argumentos para la toma de decisiones.

Exploración sobre las decisiones estratégicas desde el pensamiento complejo.

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Luz María Rivas Montoya

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La racionalidad, las decisiones estratégicas y el pensamiento complejo motivaron la construcción del problema de esta investigación, planteado en términos del carácter limitado y reduccionista de los criterios y referentes de decisión en la visión gerencial tradicional frente a una visión compleja de la realidad humana. La exploración de este problema se realizó desde y para el campo académico de la estrategia, con el propósito de mostrar algunas de las dificultades que se presentan en la definición e implementación de una estrategia corporativa en particular. El trabajo de campo se realizó en una empresa multinegocio del sector asegurador colombiano; los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas adiversos actores de la organización. El pensamiento complejo desde la perspectiva de Edgar Morin (1990 se constituyó en el marco de referencia teórica.   La hermenéutica de la acción de Ricœur (2010 iluminó la interpretación de los datos cualitativos; para su análisis se utilizó el sistema de codificación abierta, axial, selectiva y de procesoque proponen Strauss y Corbin (2002. En términos generales, tres fueron las categorías que emergieron de los datos: sinergia, como decisión estratégica relevante; des-humanización,como uno de los efectos de la decisión estratégica en los individuos, y rupturas de tejidos relacionales, como uno de los impactos que deja la sinergia en la organización bajo estudio.

Una visión en el proceso de la toma de decisiones en las empresas del siglo XXI desde la gestión de la información

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Liliana Ayala Guatusmal

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante los últimos años se han acrecentado las herramientas encaminadas a analizar la información como factor clave para la toma de decisiones en la empresa, clave en la Administración de una Empresa. Se considera que la información es un recurso que se encuentra en los recursos organizacionales como financieros, materiales y humanos, que hasta el momento se han constituido en la medida para evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de las habilidades empresariales. Si la Teoría económica tradicional mantenía el capital, la tierra y el trabajo como factores de estudio, la información se ha convertido, ahora, en el cuarto recurso a gestionar, superando el concepto de Economía de la Información a constituirse en una rama de la Economía (Shapiro & Hal, 2000. Desde el punto de vista empresarial el conocimiento del entorno, en un mundo mucho más complejo y cambiante, origina una necesidad cada vez más apremiante de información para la toma de decisiones, tanto para abordar nuevos mercados, como para preservar a la empresa de elementos externos que puedan afectar su estabilidad. El interés de la información externa, no debe hacer olvidar el interés por el control de los flujos internos de información que la propia empresa genera derivado de su funcionamiento. Y, finalmente, tampoco se debe olvidar la propia información que la empresa proyecta al exterior, datos, a su vez, que se convierten en información externa para otras empresas que absorben esa información.

Practicing more retrieval routes leads to greater memory retention.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Jun; Zhang, Wei; Li, Tongtong; Liu, Zhaomin; Luo, Liang

2016-09-01

A wealth of research has shown that retrieval practice plays a significant role in improving memory retention. The current study focused on one simple yet rarely examined question: would repeated retrieval using two different retrieval routes or using the same retrieval route twice lead to greater long-term memory retention? Participants elaborately learned 22 Japanese-Chinese translation word pairs using two different mediators. Half an hour after the initial study phase, the participants completed two retrieval sessions using either one mediator (Tm1Tm1) or two different mediators (Tm1Tm2). On the final test, which was performed 1week after the retrieval practice phase, the participants received only the cue with a request to report the mediator (M1 or M2) followed by the target (Experiment 1) or only the mediator (M1 or M2) with a request to report the target (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 indicated that the participants who practiced under the Tm1Tm2 condition exhibited greater target retention than those who practiced under the Tm1Tm1 condition. This difference in performance was due to the significant disadvantage in mediator retrieval and decoding of the unpracticed mediator under the Tm1Tm1 condition. Although mediators were provided to participants on the final test in Experiment 2, decoding of the unpracticed mediators remained less effective than decoding of the practiced mediators. We conclude that practicing multiple retrieval routes leads to greater memory retention than focusing on a single retrieval route. Thus, increasing retrieval variability during repeated retrieval practice indeed significantly improves long-term retention in a delay test. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Greater decision-making competence is associated with greater expected-value sensitivity, but not overall risk taking: an examination of concurrent validity.

Science.gov (United States)

Parker, Andrew M; Weller, Joshua A

2015-01-01

Decision-making competence reflects individual differences in the susceptibility to committing decision-making errors, measured using tasks common from behavioral decision research (e.g., framing effects, under/overconfidence, following decision rules). Prior research demonstrates that those with higher decision-making competence report lower incidence of health-risking and antisocial behaviors, but there has been less focus on intermediate processes that may impact real-world decisions, and, in particular, those implicated by normative models. Here we test the associations between measures of youth decision-making competence (Y-DMC) and one such process, the degree to which individuals make choices consistent with maximizing expected value (EV). Using a task involving hypothetical gambles, we find that greater EV sensitivity is associated with greater Y-DMC. Higher Y-DMC scores are associated with (a) choosing risky options when EV favors those options and (b) avoiding risky options when EV favors a certain option. This relationship is stronger for gambles that involved potential losses. The results suggest that Y-DMC captures decision processes consistent with standard normative evaluations of risky decisions.

Greater decision-making competence is associated with greater expected-value sensitivity, but not overall risk taking: An examination of concurrent validity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew M Parker

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Decision-making competence reflects individual differences in the susceptibility to decision-making errors, measured using tasks common from behavioral decision research (e.g., framing effects, under/overconfidence, following decision rules. Prior research demonstrates that those with higher decision-making competence report lower incidence of health-risking and antisocial behaviors, but there has been less focus on intermediate mechanisms that may impact real-world decisions, and, in particular, those implicated by normative models. Here we test the associations between measures of youth decision-making competence (Y-DMC and one such mechanism, the degree to which individuals make choices consistent with maximizing expected value (EV. Using a task involving hypothetical gambles, we find that greater EV sensitivity is associated with greater Y-DMC. Higher Y-DMC scores are associated with (a choosing risky options when expected value favors those options and (b avoiding risky options when expected value favors a certain option. This relationship is stronger for gambles that involved potential losses. The results suggest that Y-DMC captures decision processes consistent with standard normative evaluations of risky decisions.

La participación del tercer sector en las decisiones de vivienda: La integración del usuario en el proceso. Barrio 1 y 2 – Autoconstructores – Ensenada – Provincia de Buenos Aires

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Lombardi

2001-01-01

Full Text Available La experiencia desarrollada recientemente en los Seminarios de posgrado, diseñados y coordinados por la UI 3, IDEHAB, FAU, UNLP, en el marco de los correspondientes Proyectos de Investigación, sumada a las actividades de grado y de extensión universitaria, facilita la verificación del rol protagónico que desempeña el usuario en el proceso de decisiones tendientes a lograr soluciones al problema habitacional. El sostenido crecimiento del Tercer Sector, sus complejidades y limitaciones, en el cambiante contexto actual, ha favorecido la incorporación del usuario de la vivienda desde el inicio del proceso como su gestor y generador de recursos, y a continuación, integrando distintas formas organizativas, aportando desde lo personal a las decisiones referidas a diseño y producción de la vivienda. La propuesta de la vivienda implica servicios, equipamiento y comunicaciones; es la respuesta a una necesidad sentida, donde el usuario construye directamente su propio crecimiento personal, acompañado por una mejor calidad de vida de su grupo familiar y acorde a su identidad y reconocimiento de lenguaje tectónico. Esta integración del usuario en el proceso decisorio, requiere la participación de profesionales universitarios con formación consciente y comprometida con la problemática social.

Mere Civility, or Genuine Forgiveness? Prosocial Consequences of Belief in Free Will

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Patrick C. Carmody

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Recent empirical findings suggest that greater belief in free will predicts positive behavioral outcomes, such as lowered aggression, decreased cheating, bettered work performance, and improved learning. To expand on this research, the current investigation re-examines the link between stronger belief in free will and pro-social behavior in the context of transgressions in interpersonal relationships. Taking into account that one’s philosophical beliefs can fluctuate in strength and across time, we conducted a daily diary survey of 85 undergraduates who reported interpersonal offenses for 14 days. Data were analyzed with a multi-level approach. We found that believing more strongly in free will was associated with greater decisional forgiveness, but was unrelated to emotional forgiveness. Higher levels of belief in scientific determinism, on the other hand, were related to greater emotional forgiveness. These relationships were not mediated by relationship attributions.

Camminabilità e capacità urbane: valutazione e supporto alla decisione e alla pianificazione urbanistica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Blečić

2015-06-01

Full Text Available L’articolo propone una metodologia di valutazione della camminabilità (walkability urbana ed il rispettivo strumento software di supporto alla decisione ed alla pianificazione urbanistica. Nella parte introduttiva discutiamo la rilevanza del concetto di camminabilità per la qualità urbana ed offriamo un suo inquadramento teorico all’interno dell’approccio alle capacità (capability approach. La parte centrale è dedicata alla presentazione del modello spaziale e multicriteriale di valutazione della camminabilità. La nostra costruzione della camminabilità nel modello propone un certo ribaltamento di prospettiva rispetto ai metodi sinora proposti: anziché valutare quanto un determinato luogo è in sé camminabile, il punteggio di camminabilità calcolato riflette come e verso dove una persona può intraprendere una camminata a partire da quel luogo; in altre parole, non quanto è camminabile, ma invece qual è la camminabilità di cui il luogo è dotato. Per questo, il punteggio di camminabilità combina tre componenti: (1 il numero di destinazioni di interesse/opportunità urbane raggiungibili a piedi; (2 le loro distanze; (3 la qualità dei percorsi pedonali verso queste destinazioni. La qualità dei percorsi pedonali è valutata in base a diversi attributi rilevanti per la camminabilità, che fanno riferimento a caratteristiche proprie della strada e dell’ambiente circostante in grado di contribuire a rendere il percorso piacevole, sicuro ed attrattivo. A titolo illustrativo viene nella terza parte dell’articolo presentato un esempio di applicazione del modello alla città di Alghero.

Greater-confinement disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trevorrow, L.E.; Schubert, J.P.

1989-01-01

Greater-confinement disposal (GCD) is a general term for low-level waste (LLW) disposal technologies that employ natural and/or engineered barriers and provide a degree of confinement greater than that of shallow-land burial (SLB) but possibly less than that of a geologic repository. Thus GCD is associated with lower risk/hazard ratios than SLB. Although any number of disposal technologies might satisfy the definition of GCD, eight have been selected for consideration in this discussion. These technologies include: (1) earth-covered tumuli, (2) concrete structures, both above and below grade, (3) deep trenches, (4) augered shafts, (5) rock cavities, (6) abandoned mines, (7) high-integrity containers, and (8) hydrofracture. Each of these technologies employ several operations that are mature,however, some are at more advanced stages of development and demonstration than others. Each is defined and further described by information on design, advantages and disadvantages, special equipment requirements, and characteristic operations such as construction, waste emplacement, and closure

Greater Vancouver regional district air quality management plan : implementation status report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-03-01

In December 1994, an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) was adopted by the Greater Vancouver Regional District. The AQMP included ways to improve air quality in the region, leading to reduced emissions from commercial and industrial operations. This Plan encourages cooperation with the various communities affected to achieve clean air lifestyles and manage emissions from human activity to enhance human health and the integrity of the environment. The reduction of total emissions of the common air contaminants sulphur and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds by 38 per cent is the stated aim of the AQMP. Five years of planning resulted in the formulation of the AQMP. The issues addressed were assigned one of four priorities as follows: priority 1 deals with ground level ozone and fine particulate, priority 2 looks at visibility, hazardous air pollutants, and global climate change, priority 3 concerns odour, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, acidic deposition, and nitrogen dioxide, and priority 4 contains total suspended particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. A total of 54 Emission Reduction Measures were established, and the document reviewed them. Progress is being made in all areas. 2 tabs., 3 figs

Sagebrush, greater sage-grouse, and the occurrence and importance of forbs

Science.gov (United States)

Pennington, Victoria E.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Beck, Jeffrey L.; Bradford, John B.; Palmquist, Kyle A.; Lauenroth, William K.

2016-01-01

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems provide habitat for sagebrush-obligate wildlife species such as the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The understory of big sagebrush plant communities is composed of grasses and forbs that are important sources of cover and food for wildlife. The grass component is well described in the literature, but the composition, abundance, and habitat role of forbs in these communities is largely unknown. Our objective was to synthesize information about forbs and their importance to Greater Sage-Grouse diets and habitats, how rangeland management practices affect forbs, and how forbs respond to changes in temperature and precipitation. We also sought to identify research gaps and needs concerning forbs in big sagebrush plant communities. We searched for relevant literature including journal articles and state and federal agency reports. Our results indicated that in the spring and summer, Greater Sage-Grouse diets consist of forbs (particularly species in the Asteraceae family), arthropods, and lesser amounts of sagebrush. The diets transition to sagebrush in fall and winter. Forbs provide cover for Greater Sage-Grouse individuals at their lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing sites, and the species has a positive relationship with arthropod presence. The effect of grazing on native forbs may be compounded by invasion of nonnative species and differs depending on grazing intensity. The effect of fire on forbs varies greatly and may depend on time elapsed since burning. In addition, chemical and mechanical treatments affect annual and perennial forbs differently. Temperature and precipitation influence forb phenology, biomass, and abundance differently among species. Our review identified several uncertainties and research needs about forbs in big sagebrush ecosystems. First, in many cases the literature about forbs is reported only at the genus or functional type level. Second, information about forb

¿Es Racional, la Compra de un Auto Nuevo?: Una Nueva Óptica Acerca de la Racionalidad y la Toma de Decisiones

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Federico Torres Carballo

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Durante siglos hemos confiado en supuestos sobreel comportamiento económico del ser humano, elmás básico, quizás, es la racionalidad. Por otra parte,los postulados científicos envejecen y deben de sersustituidos para que las ciencias puedan renovarse.Este artículo esboza el debate entre los recienteshallazgos de la psicología, la economía experimental yla teoría económica vigente. Se explora esa dimensiónde la toma de decisiones menos estructurada a niveladministrativo, pero cognitiva y emocionalmentehumana.   ABSTRACT For centuries we have trusted assumptions about theeconomic behavior of human beings, the most basic onewhich perhaps is rationality. On the other hand, scientificpostulates grow old and should be substituted by newones in order to advance science. This article sketchesout the debate between recent findings in psychology,experimental economics and current economic theory.This dimension of the less structured decision making atthe managerial level but still cognitive and emotionallyhuman is explored.

Las decisiones de los habitantes de Medellín en materia de servicios de salud Health seeking behavior in Medellin

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Luz Stella Álvarez C

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: se realizó una investigación cualitativa para conocer las preferencias en materia de salud, de habitantes de diferentes estratos sociales de Medellín y las razones que explican esas preferencias. El objetivo era establecer si existían patrones de comportamiento entre los informantes y si algunos de los modelos teóricos contribuían a explicar esos patrones. Métodología: se entrevistaron 46 personas entre los meses de julio y septiembre de 2005. Se les preguntó si habían estado enfermos durante los últimos tres meses, qué pasos habían dado para solucionar su problema y por qué razón lo habían hecho. Resultados: se encontró que los factores que más pesan en las decisiones tomadas por los entrevistados son razones de índole cultural; es así como buscan recursos en la medicina popular; financiera porque de acuerdo a los recursos de que disponen, acceden a servicios de salud; e insatisfacción con la medicina occidental y con la prestación de los servicios de salud. Discusión: los elementos que las personas tuvieron en cuenta para decidir en salud fueron diferentes a aquellos planteados en los modelos teóricos de comportamiento en salud. Conclusiones: se necesita acudir a elementos aportados por otras teorías que consultan el contexto económico, social y cultural para la explicación de las decisiones en salud.Objective: a qualitative study was carried out to explore health choices of Medellín’s residents from different social strata and factors associated to decisions. The aim was to determine behavior patterns, if any, among informants and if a health behavior model contributes to explain any existing pattern. Methodology: forty six people from different social strata were interviewed from July to September 2005; informants were questioned about the diseases and ailments they suffered during the last three months, as well as the course of action taken and the reason for each decision made. Results: the study

SitDF: sistema informático de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en fundición

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Lourdes M. García-Pujadas

2003-03-01

Full Text Available En el taller de fundición de la Empresa Mecánica del Níquel, de la ciudad de Moa, provincia de Holguín, la creación y control de las normas de consumo de materiales para la producción de piezas, se realiza actualmente de forma manual, lo que resulta un proceso lento y en ocasiones impreciso. En este trabajo se propone un software que sistematiza y agiliza, partiendo de la documentación y de los registros de información, el procesamiento de la información técnico-económica de la fundición, que resulta de gran utilidad en la toma de decisiones a partir de un análisis científico-técnico de la información que se procesa. El diseño y desarrollo del software se basa en la utilización de las metodologías de análisis y diseño estructurado de sistemas informáticos, y la programación orientada a objeto mediante las herramientas de programación de Borland Delphi versión 5.0. Puede ser utilizado en talleres de fundición que se dediquen a producir y reparar piezas para la industria mecánica en Cuba.

Aspartame intake is associated with greater glucose intolerance in individuals with obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuk, Jennifer L; Brown, Ruth E

2016-07-01

This study examined whether sucrose, fructose, aspartame, and saccharin influences the association between obesity and glucose tolerance in 2856 adults from the NHANES III survey. Aspartame intake significantly influenced the association between body mass index (BMI) and glucose tolerance (interaction: P = 0.004), wherein only those reporting aspartame intake had a steeper positive association between BMI and glucose tolerance than those reporting no aspartame intake. Therefore, consumption of aspartame is associated with greater obesity-related impairments in glucose tolerance.

Factores involucrados en el proceso de toma de decisiones en bibliotecas de tamaño medio y pequeño. Resultados del Proyecto Decimal

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Bosch, M.

1999-03-01

Full Text Available The article presents the research results of the DECIMAL European project. The aim of the project is to produce an integrated decision support module for library management systems used in small and medium size libraries. The quantitative and qualitative research carried out in United Kingdom, Italy and Spain has been based on a combination of different methods: literature review, interviews, questionnaires and discussion groups during both presentation workshops held. Two basic research lines are discerned: the first one involving the real use of performance measures and indicators in management and evaluation of the library activities, and also their potential interest in the case they have not been applied to the present, and the second one involving the type of decisions most frequantly made in libraries and the issues that influence decision-making process (information sources used, organizational culture, training, satisfaction level.
The article has been centered in the results obtained in Spanish libraries, but the general results are also mentioned in order to be compared. The conclusions of the study have resulted in the user requirement specification, as a first step in the design of the decision support module. The project has concluded with a prototype evaluation phase organised as an iterative testing of the prototypes and successive software modifications. The development of four versions of the module has resolved the problems identified earlier in the evaluation process.

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada en el marco del proyecto europeo DECIMAL, que tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un módulo integrado de soporte de la toma de decisiones para sistemas automatizados usados en bibliotecas pequeñas y medianas. La investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa llevada a cabo en el Reino Unido, Italia y España se ha basado en una combinación de diversos métodos: revisión de la literatura

Greater palatine nerve neuropraxia after laryngeal mask insertion: A rare occurrence

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Jyoti Garg

2017-01-01

Full Text Available With the more frequent use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA over endotracheal tubes for general anaesthesia, various cranial nerve injuries have been reported recently. We report a rare occurrence of greater palatine nerve (GPN palsy subsequent to the use of LMA Supreme™ in a young female scheduled for hand surgery. Although the exact mechanism of a nerve injury is still a matter of further research, we postulate pressure neuropraxia of GPN as a causative factor in the development of numbness over the hard palate after the removal of LMA in the post operative period.

Una propuesta metodológica para la toma de decisiones en bioética clínica. Análisis de casos en la práctica obstétrica

OpenAIRE

Parra Pineda, Mario Orlando; Garzón Díaz, Fabio; Aristizábal Tobler, Chantal

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito el presentar un método de toma de decisiones en bioética clínica, especialmente orientado al campo de la obstetricia; la cual se caracteriza por tener como sujetos de la atención en salud a la mujer, en gestación, y al fruto de la concepción, -el embrión o el feto-. La investigación fue realizada en el curso del doctorado en Bioética de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, durante el período de tiempo comprendido entre julio de 2013 y...

Implementación de la Inteligencia de Negocios para mejorar la Gestión del Conocimiento para la Toma de Decisiones en la Entidad Pública Prestadora de servicios de Salud de La Libertad (Tesis parcial)

OpenAIRE

Vargas Valderrama, Alex Michel

2016-01-01

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de tesis implementó una solución de Inteligencia de Negocios la cual mejoró significativamente la gestión del conocimiento en la toma de decisiones en la Entidad Prestadora de Servicios de Salud de La Libertad en relación al cumplimiento de los indicadores prestacionales definidos en el Convenio de Gestión suscrito con la Aseguradora Pública de Salud. En un primer momento, se evaluó los resultados de los indicadores, evidenciando que no s...

Development and validation of green eating behaviors, stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy scales in college students.

Science.gov (United States)

Weller, Kathryn E; Greene, Geoffrey W; Redding, Colleen A; Paiva, Andrea L; Lofgren, Ingrid; Nash, Jessica T; Kobayashi, Hisanori

2014-01-01

To develop and validate an instrument to assess environmentally conscious eating (Green Eating [GE]) behavior (BEH) and GE Transtheoretical Model constructs including Stage of Change (SOC), Decisional Balance (DB), and Self-efficacy (SE). Cross-sectional instrument development survey. Convenience sample (n = 954) of 18- to 24-year-old college students from a northeastern university. The sample was randomly split: (N1) and (N2). N1 was used for exploratory factor analyses using principal components analyses; N2 was used for confirmatory analyses (structural modeling) and reliability analyses (coefficient α). The full sample was used for measurement invariance (multi-group confirmatory analyses) and convergent validity (BEH) and known group validation (DB and SE) by SOC using analysis of variance. Reliable (α > .7), psychometrically sound, and stable measures included 2 correlated 5-item DB subscales (Pros and Cons), 2 correlated SE subscales (school [5 items] and home [3 items]), and a single 6-item BEH scale. Most students (66%) were in Precontemplation and Contemplation SOC. Behavior, DB, and SE scales differed significantly by SOC (P development and preliminary validation of this 25-item GE instrument provides a basis for assessment as well as development of tailored interventions for college students. Copyright © 2014 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Un estudio empírico sobre el consumo cultural y la toma de decisiones egoístas

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Tomás Bonavía

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal que persigue el presente trabajo es mostrar empíricamente en un nuevo contexto, que el mecanismo que rige el proceso de toma de decisiones a la hora de optar por consumir bienes culturales no se ajusta enteramente a la visión racional y egoísta del ser humano propuesta por la economía clásica. Para alcanzar este objetivo se planteó un diseño experimental con tres grupos (dos experimental y uno control a los que se les daba la opción de elegir hipotéticamente entre reclamar la devolución del dinero de la entrada a la salida de diferentes eventos culturales (decisión egoísta o no hacerlo (decisión no egoísta. Para analizar los resultados se realizó una prueba binomial para determinar si la diferencia de proporciones entre las respuestas afirmativas y negativas eran o no significativas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en la mayoría de las situaciones los participantes se negaban a reclamar la devolución del dinero de la entrada a la salida del evento cultural, actuando así de manera no-racional bajo la visión económica clásica. Estos resultados tendrían, a efectos prácticos, un aumento en el número de espectadores que asisten a actos culturales.

Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG una herramienta poderosa para la toma de decisiones

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Néstor Sáenz Saavedra

1992-09-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas de información tradicionales, orientados hacia el suministro de información útil para la toma de decisiones mediante la manipulación de una base de datos numérica, estaban impedidos para combinar simultáneamente los datos espaciales o gráficos 'Con sus datos descriptivos asociados. Esta labor de análisis se convertía entonces, en un proceso bastante complejo donde los cálculos geográficos debían realizarse por separado para, posteriormente buscar la manera de que los usuarios finales pudieran visualizar gráficamente los resultados tabulados sobre esquemas y mapas, en forma manual, o con la ayuda de programas de dibujo como el AUTOCAD. Esta tecnología, conocida con el nombre genérico de SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION GEOGRAFICO (SIG, se ha convertido en una poderosa herramienta al alcance de estudiantes y profesionales como ingenieros, geógrafos, médicos, historiadores y, en general, para todos los planificadores de aquellas disciplinas que necesitan información geográfica o georreferenciada, como ayuda para la solución de sus problemas. El presente documento pretende dar algunos conceptos generales sobre los SIG, su definición, componentes, datos de entrada y algunos procedimientos de análisis que se ofrecen con los paquetes disponibles en el mercado.

Ultrasound-Guided Intermediate Site Greater Occipital Nerve Infiltration: A Technical Feasibility Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Zipfel, Jonathan; Kastler, Adrian; Tatu, Laurent; Behr, Julien; Kechidi, Rachid; Kastler, Bruno

2016-01-01

Two studies recently reported that computed tomography (CT) guided infiltration of the greater occipital nerve at its intermediate site allows a high efficacy rate with long-lasting pain relief following procedure in occipital neuralgia and in various craniofacial pain syndromes. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided intermediate site greater occipital nerve infiltration. Retrospective study. This study was conducted at the imaging department of a 1,409 bed university hospital. Local institutional review board approval was obtained and written consent was waived. In this retrospective study, 12 patients suffering from refractory occipital neuralgia or craniofacial pain syndromes were included between April and October 2014. They underwent a total of 21 ultrasound-guided infiltrations. Infiltration of the greater occipital nerve was performed at the intermediate site of the greater occipital nerve, at its first bend between obliqus capitis inferior and semispinalis capitis muscles with local anestetics and cortivazol. Technical success was defined as satisfactory diffusion of added iodinated contrast media in the fatty space between these muscles depicted on control CT scan. We also reported first data of immediate block test efficacy and initial clinical efficacy at 7 days, one month, and 3 months, defined by a decrease of at least 50% of visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Technical success rate was 95.24%. Patients suffered from right unilateral occipital neuralgia in 3 cases, left unilateral occipital neuralgia in 2 cases, bilateral occipital neuralgia in 2 cases, migraine in one case, cervicogenic headache in one case, tension-type headache in 2 cases, and cluster headache in one case. Block test efficacy was found in 93.3% (14/15) cases. Clinical efficacy was found in 80% of cases at 7 days, in 66.7% of cases at one month and in 60% of cases at 3 months. No major complications were noted. Some of the

Conservation buffer distance estimates for Greater Sage-Grouse: a review

Science.gov (United States)

Manier, Daniel J.; Bowen, Zachary H.; Brooks, Matthew L.; Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.; Deibert, Patricia A.; Hanser, Steven E.; Johnson, Douglas H.

2014-01-01

This report was prepared at the request of the U.S. Department of the Interior and is a compilation and summary of published scientific studies that evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and infrastructure on Greater Sage-Grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) populations. The purpose of this report is to provide a convenient reference for land managers and others who are working to develop biologically relevant and socioeconomically practical buffer distances around sage-grouse habitats. The framework for this summary includes (1) addressing the potential effects of anthropogenic land use and disturbances on sage-grouse populations, (2) providing ecologically based interpretations of evidence from the scientific literature, and (3) informing implementation of conservation buffers around sage-grouse communal breeding locations—known as leks.

Adaptación y validación del instrumento genérico CollaboRATE™ para medir la participación de mujeres en la toma de decisiones en salud durante el proceso reproductivo

OpenAIRE

Paulina Bravo; Aixa Contreras; Angelina Dois; Luis Villarroel

2018-01-01

Resumen: Introducción: La participación en la toma de decisiones en salud (TDS) responde a un interés global por involucrar a las personas como actores activos en la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas y la elección de cursos de acción que les permitan mantener una mejor calidad de vida y bienestar. La mayoría de los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar el grado de participación han sido desarrollados en inglés y para países de altos ingresos. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar a la realidad chi...

Toma de decisiones y actitudes emprendedoras en estudiantes del 5° grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa 2015” Pública José Jiménez Borja – Cercado de Lima

OpenAIRE

Riva Novoa, Ronal

2015-01-01

Es una investigación descriptiva correlacional, orientada a estudiar la relación entre toma de decisión y la actitud emprendedora estudiantes del 5° grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Pública José Jiménez Borja del Cercado de Lima, Se seleccionó una población de 80 estudiantes de ambos sexos del 5° año de educación secundaria. A dicha población se les aplicó Cuestionario para evaluar la aptitud en la Toma de Decisiones, el cuestionario fue elaborado por Jonifer Benitez (2011) ...

MÁS ALLÁ DEL VOTO ÉTNICO: LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN LA ADOPCIÓN DE DECISIONES. FUNDAMENTOS ANALÍTICO-CONCEPTUALES PARA SU INVESTIGACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA

OpenAIRE

Martínez Espinoza, Manuel Ignacio

2011-01-01

ResumenTradicionalmente, los estudios realizados desde la ciencia política y la sociología sobre la participación de los pueblos indígenas se han enfocado en el ámbito electoral y las movilizaciones sociales. No obstante, la observación empírica ha demostrado la necesidad de ampliar el campo de visión al análisis de la participación indígena en la adopción de decisiones factibles de afectarles enmarcando el análisis en el cumplimiento de sus derechos colectivos. De esta forma, el artículo tie...

Toma de decisiones y situación financiera en pequeños sistemas de agua potable: dos casos de estudio en El Cardonal, Hidalgo, México

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Emmanuel Galindo Escamilla

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan dos tipos de organizaciones que administran pequeños sistemas de agua potable: un comité de usuarios y un organismo operador. El objetivo es comparar la toma de decisiones y la situación financiera de los sistemas San Miguel Tlazintla y El Cardonal. El primero está a cargo de los usuarios, quienes realizan la operación y el mantenimiento, eligen un comité para la administración y establecen las cuotas que se cobran por el agua entubada. En el segundo, una junta de gobierno y un director general se encargan de contratar y dirigir al personal operativo y administrativo. Se concluye que el comité de usuarios cubre todos sus costos; por el contrario, el organismo operador recibe subsidios municipales.

Environmental Impacts of Wind Power Development on the Population Biology of Greater Prairie-Chickens

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandercock, Brett K. [Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)

2013-05-22

This report summarizes the results of a seven-year, DOE-funded research project, conducted by researchers from Kansas State University and the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative, to assess the effects of wind energy development in Kansas on the population and reproduction of greater prairie chickens.

Economic and institutional dynamics of electricity markets deregulation: the interaction between sectoral regulation and antitrust policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fontanel, B.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to define regulatory intervention as a part of a global monitoring procedure allowing the definition and adaptation of market structures and rules, given the observed behavior of market participants. Nevertheless, the possible inefficiency in its (decisional) coordination with competition authorities implies further analysis. We thus adopt a comparative methodology based on the studying PJM and NETA wholesale markets. This analysis enables us to stress two possible 'models' in the distribution and coordination of monitoring powers. The first one privileges a strong 'informational coordination' between the sectoral regulator and the Transmission System Operator. By contrast, the second model is characterized by a constrained informational coordination, leading to a greater 'decisional convergence' between regulatory intervention and antitrust policy. Lastly, we put these conclusions into perspective with the specific issue of the achievement of an efficient and integrated European market for electricity. In particular, we stress the need for a single regulatory agency, which should be given autonomous decisional powers in the adoption of regional markets reform initiatives (author)

Treatment selection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: the role of the patient in clinical decision making.

Science.gov (United States)

Mokhles, S; Nuyttens, J J M E; de Mol, M; Aerts, J G J V; Maat, A P W M; Birim, Ö; Bogers, A J J C; Takkenberg, J J M

2018-01-15

The objective of this study is to investigate the role and experience of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient in decision making process concerning treatment selection in the current clinical practice. Stage I-II NSCLC patients (surgery 55 patients, SBRT 29 patients, median age 68) were included in this prospective study and completed a questionnaire that explored: (1) perceived patient knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options, (2) experience with current clinical decision making, and (3) the information that the patient reported to have received from their treating physician. This was assessed by multiple-choice, 1-5 Likert Scale, and open questions. The Decisional Conflict Scale was used to assess the decisional conflict. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured with SF-36 questionnaire. In 19% of patients, there was self-reported perceived lack of knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options. Seventy-four percent of patients felt that they were sufficiently involved in decision-making by their physician, and 81% found it important to be involved in decision making. Forty percent experienced decisional conflict, and one-in-five patients to such an extent that it made them feel unsure about the decision. Subscores with regard to feeling uninformed and on uncertainty, contributed the most to decisional conflict, as 36% felt uninformed and 17% of patients were not satisfied with their decision. HRQoL was not influenced by patient experience with decision-making or patient preferences for shared decision making. Dutch early-stage NSCLC patients find it important to be involved in treatment decision making. Yet a substantial proportion experiences decisional conflict and feels uninformed. Better patient information and/or involvement in treatment-decision-making is needed in order to improve patient knowledge and hopefully reduce decisional conflict.

ASPIRACIONES Y PROYECTOS DE FUTURO DE JÓVENES ESTUDIANTES SECUNDARIOS EN CHILE: EL SOPORTE FAMILIAR Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LAS DECISIONES EDUCATIVO-LABORALES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leandro Sepúlveda V

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las aspiraciones y los proyectos educativos postsecundarios de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos, considerando el rol y la incidencia del soporte familiar en este proceso. Las aspiraciones de cursar estudios superiores es una realidad extendida entre los jóvenes, aunque es posible identificar racionalidades diversas asociadas a las opciones formativas y los itinerarios previstos para alcanzar estos objetivos. El entorno familiar juega un rol importante en la construcción del proyecto personal de los estudiantes, existiendo una alta valoración del soporte que estos brindan para el logro de las metas educacionales. Con todo, la experiencia varía en relación a las características de este apoyo para la toma de decisiones individuales, como también en las estrategias de presión o exigencias para el cumplimiento de obligaciones y objetivos en la educación superior, evidenciándose diferencias importantes de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico de las familias.

Conflict when making decisions about dialysis modality.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Nien-Hsin; Lin, Yu-Ping; Liang, Shu-Yuan; Tung, Heng-Hsin; Tsay, Shiow-Luan; Wang, Tsae-Jyy

2018-01-01

To explore decisional conflict and its influencing factors on choosing dialysis modality in patients with end-stage renal diseases. The influencing factors investigated include demographics, predialysis education, dialysis knowledge, decision self-efficacy and social support. Making dialysis modality decisions can be challenging for patients with end-stage renal diseases; there are pros and cons to both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients are often uncertain as to which one will be the best alternative for them. This decisional conflict increases the likelihood of making a decision that is not based on the patient's values or preferences and may result in undesirable postdecisional consequences. Addressing factors predisposing patients to decisional conflict helps to facilitate informed decision-making and then to improve healthcare quality. A predictive correlational cross-sectional study design was used. Seventy patients were recruited from the outpatient dialysis clinics of two general hospitals in Taiwan. Data were collected with study questionnaires, including questions on demographics, dialysis modality and predialysis education, the Dialysis Knowledge Scale, the Decision Self-Efficacy scale, the Social Support Scale, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. The mean score on the Decisional Conflict Scale was 29.26 (SD = 22.18). Decision self-efficacy, dialysis modality, predialysis education, professional support and dialysis knowledge together explained 76.4% of the variance in decisional conflict. Individuals who had lower decision self-efficacy, did not receive predialysis education on both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, had lower dialysis knowledge and perceived lower professional support reported higher decisional conflict on choosing dialysis modality. When providing decisional support to predialysis stage patients, practitioners need to increase patients' decision self-efficacy, provide both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste characterization. Appendix E-4: Packaging factors for greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quinn, G.; Grant, P.; Winberg, M.; Williams, K.

1994-09-01

This report estimates packaging factors for several waste types that are potential greater-than-Class C (GTCC) low-level radioactive waste (LLW). The packaging factor is defined as the volume of a GTCC LLW disposal container divided by the as-generated or ''unpackaged'' volume of the waste loaded into the disposal container. Packaging factors reflect any processes that reduce or increase an original unpackaged volume of GTCC LLW, the volume inside a waste container not occupied by the waste, and the volume of the waste container itself. Three values are developed that represent (a) the base case or most likely value for a packaging factor, (b) a high case packaging factor that corresponds to the largest anticipated disposal volume of waste, and (c) a low case packaging factor for the smallest volume expected. GTCC LLW is placed in three categories for evaluation in this report: activated metals, sealed sources, and all other waste

DOD Financial Management: Greater Visibility Needed to Better Assess Audit Readiness for Property, Plant, and Equipment

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-01

with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and compliance with... Accountability Office Highlights of GAO-16-383, a report to congressional committees May 2016 DOD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Greater Visibility... Accounting Standards Advisory Board FIAR Financial Improvement and Audit Readiness IUS internal-use software NDAA National Defense Authorization Act

Greater-Than-Class C low-level radioactive waste treatment technology evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garrison, T.W.; Fischer, D.K.

1993-01-01

This report was developed to provide the Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Program with criteria and a methodology to select candidate treatment technologies for Greater-Than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) destined for dedicated storage and ultimately disposal. The technology selection criteria are provided in a Lotus spreadsheet format to allow the methodology to evolve as the GTCC LLW Program evolves. It is recognized that the final disposal facility is not yet defined; thus, the waste acceptance criteria and other facility-specific features are subject to change. The spreadsheet format will allow for these changes a they occur. As additional treatment information becomes available, it can be factored into the analysis. The technology selection criteria were established from program goals, draft waste acceptance criteria for dedicated storage (including applicable regulations), and accepted remedial investigation methods utilized under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Kepner-Tregoe decisionmaking techniques are used to compare and rank technologies against the criteria

RECIÉN NACIDO PORTADOR DE CARDIOPATÍA CONGÉNITA COMPLEJA. ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO, TOMA DE DECISIONES Y NUEVAS POSIBILIDADES TERAPÉUTICAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Luis Cárdenas

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este artículo de revisión, un análisis de los factores a considerar en la toma de decisiones de manejo respecto a un grupo de pacientes portadores de cardiopatías congénitas complejas de muy alto riesgo, generalmente asociadas a comorbilidades y condiciones agravantes. Basándose en la experiencia de los autores, revisión de la literatura y casos clínicos ilustrativos, se sugieren posibilidades terapéuticas iniciales, poniendo énfasis en el análisis estrictamente caso a caso y las características que posea el centro de salud. Se proponen además nuevas posibilidades de tratamiento para el extremo del espectro en este grupo de recién nacidos, mostrando que una estrategia híbrida, quirúrgica-intervencional, es posible y segura para pacientes con bajo peso de nacimiento, anatomías extremadamente complejas o con comorbilidad asociada de alto riesgo. Para lograr éxito en este abordaje, es necesario que grupos multidisciplinarios se involucren en todo el proceso de diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Coping Skills Help Explain How Future-Oriented Adolescents Accrue Greater Well-Being Over Time.

Science.gov (United States)

Chua, Li Wen; Milfont, Taciano L; Jose, Paul E

2015-11-01

Adolescents who endorse greater levels of future orientation report greater well-being over time, but we do not know the mechanism by which this happens. The present longitudinal study examined whether both adaptive as well as maladaptive coping strategies might explain how future orientation leads to ill-being and well-being over time in young New Zealanders. A sample of 1,774 preadolescents and early adolescents (51.9 % female) aged 10-15 years at Time 1 completed a self-report survey three times with 1 year intervals in between. Longitudinal mediation path models were constructed to determine whether and how maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies at Time 2 functioned as mediators between future orientation at Time 1 and ill-being and well-being at Time 3. Results showed that future orientation predicted lower maladaptive coping, which in turn predicted lower substance use and self-harming behavior. All three well-being outcomes (i.e., happiness with weight, vitality, and sleep) were consistently predicted by future orientation, and all three pathways were mediated by both lower maladaptive and higher adaptive coping strategies (with the exception of happiness with weight, which was mediated only by lower maladaptive coping). The results suggest that several pathways by which future orientation leads to greater well-being occurs through an increased use of adaptive coping, a decreased use of maladaptive coping, or both.

The radiological impact on the Greater London population of postulated accidental releases from the Sizewell PWR

CERN Document Server

Kelly, G N; Charles, D; Hemming, C R

1983-01-01

This report contains an assessment of the radiological impact on the Greater London population of postulated accidental releases from the Sizewell PWR. Three of the degraded core accident releases postulated by the CEGB are analysed. The consequences, conditional upon each release, are evaluated in terms of the health impact on the exposed population and the impact of countermeasures taken to limit the exposure. Consideration is given to the risk to the Greater London population as a whole and to individuals within it. The consequences are evaluated using the NRPB code MARC (Methodology for Assessing Radiological Consequences). The results presented in this report are all conditional upon the occurrence of each release. In assessing the significance of the results, due account must be taken of the frequency with which such releases may be predicted to occur.

Optimism and spontaneous self-affirmation are associated with lower likelihood of cognitive impairment and greater positive affect among cancer survivors

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Jennifer M.; Klein, William M. P.; Ferrer, Rebecca A.; Kent, Erin E.; Harris, Peter R.

2016-01-01

Background Optimism and self-affirmation promote adaptive coping, goal achievement, and better health. Purpose To examine the associations of optimism and spontaneous self-affirmation (SSA) with physical, mental, and cognitive health and information seeking among cancer survivors. Methods Cancer survivors (n=326) completed the Health Information National Trends Survey 2013, a national survey of U.S. adults. Participants reported optimism, SSA, cognitive and physical impairment, affect, health status, and information seeking. Results Participants higher in optimism reported better health on nearly all indices examined, even when controlling for SSA. Participants higher in SSA reported lower likelihood of cognitive impairment, greater happiness and hopefulness, and greater likelihood of cancer information seeking. SSA remained significantly associated with greater hopefulness and cancer information seeking when controlling for optimism. Conclusions Optimism and SSA may be associated with beneficial health-related outcomes among cancer survivors. Given the demonstrated malleability of self-affirmation, these findings represent important avenues for future research. PMID:26497697

Optimism and Spontaneous Self-affirmation are Associated with Lower Likelihood of Cognitive Impairment and Greater Positive Affect among Cancer Survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Jennifer M; Klein, William M P; Ferrer, Rebecca A; Kent, Erin E; Harris, Peter R

2016-04-01

Optimism and self-affirmation promote adaptive coping, goal achievement, and better health. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of optimism and spontaneous self-affirmation (SSA) with physical, mental, and cognitive health and information seeking among cancer survivors. Cancer survivors (n = 326) completed the Health Information National Trends Survey 2013, a national survey of US adults. Participants reported optimism, SSA, cognitive and physical impairment, affect, health status, and information seeking. Participants higher in optimism reported better health on nearly all indices examined, even when controlling for SSA. Participants higher in SSA reported lower likelihood of cognitive impairment, greater happiness and hopefulness, and greater likelihood of cancer information seeking. SSA remained significantly associated with greater hopefulness and cancer information seeking when controlling for optimism. Optimism and SSA may be associated with beneficial health-related outcomes among cancer survivors. Given the demonstrated malleability of self-affirmation, these findings represent important avenues for future research.

On carrots and curiosity: eating fruit and vegetables is associated with greater flourishing in daily life.

Science.gov (United States)

Conner, Tamlin S; Brookie, Kate L; Richardson, Aimee C; Polak, Maria A

2015-05-01

Our aim was to determine whether eating fruit and vegetables (FV) is associated with other markers of well-being beyond happiness and life satisfaction. Towards this aim, we tested whether FV consumption is associated with greater eudaemonic well-being - a state of flourishing characterized by feelings of engagement, meaning, and purpose in life. We also tested associations with two eudaemonic behaviours - curiosity and creativity. Daily diary study across 13 days (micro-longitudinal, correlational design). A sample of 405 young adults (67% women; mean age 19.9 [SD 1.6] years) completed an Internet daily diary for 13 consecutive days. Each day, participants reported on their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and chips, as well as their eudaemonic well-being, curiosity, creativity, positive affect (PA), and negative affect. Between-person associations were analysed on aggregated data. Within-person associations were analysed using multilevel models controlling for weekday and weekend patterns. Fruit and vegetables consumption predicted greater eudaemonic well-being, curiosity, and creativity at the between- and within-person levels. Young adults who ate more FV reported higher average eudaemonic well-being, more intense feelings of curiosity, and greater creativity compared with young adults who ate less FV. On days when young adults ate more FV, they reported greater eudaemonic well-being, curiosity, and creativity compared with days when they ate less FV. FV consumption also predicted higher PA, which mostly did not account for the associations between FV and the other well-being variables. Few unhealthy foods (sweets, chips) were related to well-being except that consumption of sweets was associated with greater curiosity and PA at the within-person level. Lagged data analyses showed no carry-over effects of FV consumption onto next-day well-being (or vice versa). Although these patterns are strictly correlational, this study provides the first evidence

Socio-economic considerations of cleaning Greater Vancouver's air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-08-01

Socio-economic considerations of better air quality on the Greater Vancouver population and economy were discussed. The purpose of the study was to provide socio-economic information to staff and stakeholders of the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) who are participating in an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) development process and the Sustainable Region Initiative (SRI) process. The study incorporated the following methodologies: identification and review of Canadian, American, and European quantitative socio-economic, cost-benefit, cost effectiveness, competitiveness and health analyses of changes in air quality and measures to improve air quality; interviews with industry representatives in Greater Vancouver on competitiveness impacts of air quality changes and ways to improve air quality; and a qualitative analysis and discussion of secondary quantitative information that identifies and evaluates socio-economic impacts arising from changes in Greater Vancouver air quality. The study concluded that for the Greater Vancouver area, the qualitative analysis of an improvement in Greater Vancouver air quality shows positive socio-economic outcomes, as high positive economic efficiency impacts are expected along with good social quality of life impacts. 149 refs., 30 tabs., 6 appendices

Professional performance attributes according to accounting entrepreneurs from greater São Paulo

OpenAIRE

Ivam Ricardo Peleias; Rafael Augusto Lourenço; Marcos Reinaldo Severino Peters; Carlos Eduardo Farcin Lavarda

2015-01-01

Accounting has a broad activity universe, which requires skilled professionals who are prepared to practice the profession. One possibility is to be an accounting entrepreneur, whose profile requires specific attributes and attitudes. The results reported on in this paper derive from a research developed using the oral history technique, concerning the identification and analysis of attributes valued in the performance of the profession by accounting entrepreneurs from greater São Paulo. A fi...

Taino and African maternal heritage in the Greater Antilles.

Science.gov (United States)

Bukhari, Areej; Luis, Javier Rodriguez; Alfonso-Sanchez, Miguel A; Garcia-Bertrand, Ralph; Herrera, Rene J

2017-12-30

Notwithstanding the general interest and the geopolitical importance of the island countries in the Greater Antilles, little is known about the specific ancestral Native American and African populations that settled them. In an effort to alleviate this lacuna of information on the genetic constituents of the Greater Antilles, we comprehensively compared the mtDNA compositions of Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. To accomplish this, the mtDNA HVRI and HVRII regions, as well as coding diagnostic sites, were assessed in the Haitian general population and compared to data from reference populations. The Taino maternal DNA is prominent in the ex-Spanish colonies (61.3%-22.0%) while it is basically non-existent in the ex-French and ex-English colonies of Haiti (0.0%) and Jamaica (0.5%), respectively. The most abundant Native American mtDNA haplogroups in the Greater Antilles are A2, B2 and C1. The African mtDNA component is almost fixed in Haiti (98.2%) and Jamaica (98.5%), and the frequencies of specific African haplogroups vary considerably among the five island nations. The strong persistence of Taino mtDNA in the ex-Spanish colonies (and especially in Puerto Rico), and its absence in the French and English excolonies is likely the result of different social norms regarding mixed marriages with Taino women during the early years after the first contact with Europeans. In addition, this article reports on the results of an integrative approach based on mtDNA analysis and demographic data that tests the hypothesis of a southward shift in raiding zones along the African west coast during the period encompassing the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome diagnosis and treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Mallow, Michael; Nazarian, Levon N

2014-05-01

Lateral hip pain, or greater trochanteric pain syndrome, is a commonly seen condition; in this article, the relevant anatomy, epidemiology, and evaluation strategies of greater trochanteric pain syndrome are reviewed. Specific attention is focused on imaging of this syndrome and treatment techniques, including ultrasound-guided interventions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Promoting mammography screening among Chinese American women using a message-framing intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Yiyuan; Sarma, Elizabeth A; Moyer, Anne; Messina, Catherine R

2015-07-01

This study examined the role of women's perceptions about the relative pros versus cons (decisional balance) of mammography in moderating Chinese American women's responses to gain- and loss-framed messages that promote mammography. One hundred and forty-three Chinese American women who were currently nonadherent to guidelines for receiving annual screening mammograms were randomly assigned to read either a gain- or loss-framed culturally appropriate print brochure about mammography screening. Mammography screening was self-reported at a 2-month follow-up. Although there was not a main effect for message frame, the hypothesized interaction between message frame and decisional balance was significant, indicating that women who received a framed message that matched their decisional balance were significantly more likely to have obtained a mammogram by the follow-up than women who received a mismatched message. Results suggest that decisional balance, and more generally, perceptions about mammography, may be an important moderator of framing effects for mammography among Chinese American women. The match between message frame and decisional balance should be considered when attempting to encourage Chinese American women to receive mammography screening, as a match between the two may be most persuasive. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Operational technology for greater confinement disposal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dickman, P.T.; Vollmer, A.T.; Hunter, P.H.

1984-12-01

Procedures and methods for the design and operation of a greater confinement disposal facility using large-diameter boreholes are discussed. It is assumed that the facility would be located at an operating low-level waste disposal site and that only a small portion of the wastes received at the site would require greater confinement disposal. The document is organized into sections addressing: facility planning process; facility construction; waste loading and handling; radiological safety planning; operations procedures; and engineering cost studies. While primarily written for low-level waste management site operators and managers, a detailed economic assessment section is included that should assist planners in performing cost analyses. Economic assessments for both commercial and US government greater confinement disposal facilities are included. The estimated disposal costs range from $27 to $104 per cubic foot for a commercial facility and from $17 to $60 per cubic foot for a government facility. These costs are based on average site preparation, construction, and waste loading costs for both contact- and remote-handled wastes. 14 figures, 22 tables

Marco de referencia para el desarrollo de un sistema de apoyo para la toma de decisiones para la gestión de inventarios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto Castro Zuluaga

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de este artículo es presentar un marco de referencia para desarrollar un sistema de soporte a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de inventarios que permita definir técnicamente los parámetros de una política de control de inventario específica. El modelo propuesto puede ser utilizado de forma genérica en casi cualquier tipo de industria, el cual incluye las entradas fundamentales, una descripción de los procesos internos requeridos y las salidas esperadas. En la investigación se utilizaron métodos inductivos-deductivos para definir el marco de referencia propuesto, el cual se fundamenta en dos indicadores clave en la gestión de inventario: niveles de servicio y costos. Finalmente, mediante una simulación es posible concluir que utilizando los parámetros teóricos para el modelo de inventario punto de reorden-cantidad fija, que son encontrados por el marco de referencia propuesto, se obtienen aproximadamente los valores esperados tanto de los niveles de servicio como de los costos.

Greater gains from smoke-free legislation for non-smoking bar staff in Belfast.

Science.gov (United States)

Bannon, Finian; Devlin, Anne; McElwee, Gerry; Gavin, Anna

2009-12-01

In April 2007, smoke-free legislation was enacted in workplaces throughout N. Ireland. The effects of this legislation on bar workers' health and their exposure to second-hand smoke at home, work and social environment, and their attitudes to the legislation before and after its implementation remain to be documented. A self-completed questionnaire of bar staff in 35 Belfast bars, before (March 2007, n = 110) and after the legislation (July 2007, n = 110). Smokers (excluding 'social smokers') made up 41.6% of respondents. After the introduction of the smoke-free legislation, the reductions in the proportion of bar workers reporting various respiratory symptoms ranged from 1.3% to 18.6% for smokers and from 21.9% to 33.2% for non-smokers. Likewise, the reductions for various sensory symptoms ranged from 7.3% to 17.7% for smokers and from 29.6% to 46.8% for non-smokers. Reduction in wheeze, cough and throat symptoms after the legislation were much greater for non-smokers than smokers. The proportion of bar staff who reported satisfaction with the legislation remained unchanged across the surveys. Decreases in perceived exposure to second-hand smoke occurred at work, home and in social settings. After the legislation's enactment, a majority of bar workers felt the workplace was healthier (98%). These first findings show reduced reported symptoms among bar workers, both smokers and non-smokers, after the introduction of smoke-free legislation in N. Ireland, though greater among non-smokers. There was also a reported fall in the hours of second-hand smoke exposure in the home for this group of workers which has a high prevalence of smokers.

Greater trochanteric fracture with occult intertrochanteric extension.

Science.gov (United States)

Reiter, Michael; O'Brien, Seth D; Bui-Mansfield, Liem T; Alderete, Joseph

2013-10-01

Proximal femoral fractures are frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED). Prompt diagnosis is paramount as delay will exacerbate the already poor outcomes associated with these injuries. In cases where radiography is negative but clinical suspicion remains high, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the study of choice as it has the capability to depict fractures which are occult on other imaging modalities. Awareness of a particular subset of proximal femoral fractures, namely greater trochanteric fractures, is vital for both radiologists and clinicians since it has been well documented that they invariably have an intertrochanteric component which may require surgical management. The detection of intertrochanteric or cervical extension of greater trochanteric fractures has been described utilizing MRI but is underestimated with both computed tomography (CT) and bone scan. Therefore, if MRI is unavailable or contraindicated, the diagnosis of an isolated greater trochanteric fracture should be met with caution. The importance of avoiding this potential pitfall is demonstrated in the following case of an elderly woman with hip pain and CT demonstrating an isolated greater trochanteric fracture who subsequently returned to the ED with a displaced intertrochanteric fracture.

Use of Processed Nerve Allografts to Repair Nerve Injuries Greater Than 25 mm in the Hand.

Science.gov (United States)

Rinker, Brian; Zoldos, Jozef; Weber, Renata V; Ko, Jason; Thayer, Wesley; Greenberg, Jeffrey; Leversedge, Fraser J; Safa, Bauback; Buncke, Gregory

2017-06-01

Processed nerve allografts (PNAs) have been demonstrated to have improved clinical results compared with hollow conduits for reconstruction of digital nerve gaps less than 25 mm; however, the use of PNAs for longer gaps warrants further clinical investigation. Long nerve gaps have been traditionally hard to study because of low incidence. The advent of the RANGER registry, a large, institutional review board-approved, active database for PNA (Avance Nerve Graft; AxoGen, Inc, Alachua, FL) has allowed evaluation of lower incidence subsets. The RANGER database was queried for digital nerve repairs of 25 mm or greater. Demographics, injury, treatment, and functional outcomes were recorded on standardized forms. Patients younger than 18 and those lacking quantitative follow-up data were excluded. Recovery was graded according to the Medical Research Council Classification for sensory function, with meaningful recovery defined as S3 or greater level. Fifty digital nerve injuries in 28 subjects were included. There were 22 male and 6 female subjects, and the mean age was 45. Three patients gave a previous history of diabetes, and there were 6 active smokers. The most commonly reported mechanisms of injury were saw injuries (n = 13), crushing injuries (n = 9), resection of neuroma (n = 9), amputation/avulsions (n = 8), sharp lacerations (n = 7), and blast/gunshots (n = 4). The average gap length was 35 ± 8 mm (range, 25-50 mm). Recovery to the S3 or greater level was reported in 86% of repairs. Static 2-point discrimination (s2PD) and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWF) were the most common completed assessments. Mean s2PD in 24 repairs reporting 2PD data was 9 ± 4 mm. For the 38 repairs with SWF data, protective sensation was reported in 33 repairs, deep pressure in 2, and no recovery in 3. These data compared favorably with historical data for nerve autograft repairs, with reported levels of meaningful recovery of 60% to 88%. There were no reported adverse effects

BILATERAL ANTERIOR DISLOCATION OF SHOULDER WITH GREATER TUBEROSITY FRACTURE DUE TO HYPONATREMIA : A RARE PRESENTATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sivananda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We here report a rare presentation of bilateral anterior dislocation of shoulder with associated fracture of greater tuberosity in a 38 year old male due to minor trauma which he sustained secondary to hyponatremia induced irritability. There was no associ ated rotator cuff tear which is often associated with BADS which makes this presentation unique. Unilateral dislocation of shoulder is a common condition which is frequently encountered in emergency trauma department. Anterior dislocation is more common th an posterior dislocation. However, simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocations are usually posterior. Bilateral anterior dislocations with fractures of the greater tuberosity are even rarer and are usually associated with trauma or seizures

La Intervención Judicial en las Decisiones de la Junta General de Acreedores que Deliberan Sobre la Concesión de la Recuperación Judicial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudia de Lurdes da Silva Gonçalves

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La Ley 11.101/2005, que regula sobre la recuperación judicial, extrajudicial y falencia, de la manera como está escrita, nos lleva una lectura taxativa. En un primer momento nos lleva a creer que no habrá intervención del poder judicial sobre las decisiones tomadas por la Junta de Acreedores. Sin embargo, como veremos más adelante, la jurisprudencia se ha ocupado sobre la intervención del poder judicial de una manera diferente de lo que está previsto en ley. El propósito de este ensayo es tratar de comprender las razones que fundamentan las intervenciones y sus cualidades. Esta investigación se desarrolló a través del método de interpretación sistémica, teniendo en su base tanto el estudio de la propia ley, como también una análisis de la jurisprudencia.

The Greater Sekhukhune-CAPABILITY outreach project.

Science.gov (United States)

Gregersen, Nerine; Lampret, Julie; Lane, Tony; Christianson, Arnold

2013-07-01

The Greater Sekhukhune-CAPABILITY Outreach Project was undertaken in a rural district in Limpopo, South Africa, as part of the European Union-funded CAPABILITY programme to investigate approaches for capacity building for the translation of genetic knowledge into care and prevention of congenital disorders. Based on previous experience of a clinical genetic outreach programme in Limpopo, it aimed to initiate a district clinical genetic service in Greater Sekhukhune to gain knowledge and experience to assist in the implementation and development of medical genetic services in South Africa. Implementing the service in Greater Sekhukhune was impeded by a developing staff shortage in the province and pressure on the health service from the existing HIV/AIDS and TB epidemics. This situation underscores the need for health needs assessment for developing services for the care and prevention of congenital disorders in middle- and low-income countries. However, these impediments stimulated the pioneering of innovate ways to offer medical genetic services in these circumstances, including tele-teaching of nurses and doctors, using cellular phones to enhance clinical care and adapting and assessing the clinical utility of a laboratory test, QF-PCR, for use in the local circumstances.

Teoría de las restricciones (TOC) y la mecánica del Throughput Accounting (TA) Una aproximación a un modelo gerencial para toma de decisiones: caso compañía de Cementos Andino S.A.

OpenAIRE

González G., Patricia; Universidad del Valle; Escobar V., John Willmer; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali

2008-01-01

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar a los lectores cómo a partir del modelo de decisión propuesto por la TOC y el TA, los gerentes pueden tomar las mejores decisiones orientadas a maximizar las utilidades del negocio. Para el logro del objetivo propuesto se empleó un caso centrado en la compañía Cementos Andino S.A., en el cual se desarrolló la metodología del TA, cuyos resultados fueron confrontados con los obtenidos a partir del costeo variable, de tal forma que los throughput obtenid...

Mandibular and cranial modularity in the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)

OpenAIRE

Jojic, Vida; Budinski, Ivana; Blagojevic, Jelena; Vujosevic, Mladen

2015-01-01

We report the first evaluation of mandibular and cranial modularity in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Although some authors found no modular pattern of these morphological structures in mammals, we discovered that traits integration in R. ferrumequinum is not uniform throughout the mandible and cranium, but structured into two distinct modules. Allometry does not affect mandibular and cranial modularity in R. ferrumequinum probably as a result of the low fraction of sh...

Greater-than-Class-C low-level radioactive waste management concepts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knecht, M.A.

1988-01-01

In 1986, Public Law 99-240, the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 assigned to the Federal Government responsibility for the disposal of commercial greater-than-Class-C (GTCC) low-level radioactive waste (LLW). In 1987, DOE committed to Congress to accept GTCC LLW and provide storage and other waste management as necessary until disposal capacity is available. Current estimates are that about 6,000 m 3 of unpackaged GTCC LLW will be generated to the year 2020. Generators estimate that 100 m 3 of raw GTCC LLW might exceed planned storage capacity to the year 2020. This paper reports the activities of the National Low-Level Waste Program to manage GTCC low-level radioactive waste

How report cards on physicians, physician groups, and hospitals can have greater impact on consumer choices.

Science.gov (United States)

Sinaiko, Anna D; Eastman, Diana; Rosenthal, Meredith B

2012-03-01

Public report cards with quality and cost information on physicians, physician groups, and hospital providers have proliferated in recent years. However, many of these report cards are difficult for consumers to interpret and have had little impact on the provider choices consumers are making. To gain a more focused understanding of why these reports cards have not been more successful and what improvements could be made, we interviewed experts and surveyed registrants at the March 2011 AHRQ National Summit on Public Reporting for Consumers in Health Care. We found broad agreement that public reporting has been disconnected from consumer decisions about providers because of weaknesses in report card content, design, and accessibility. Policy makers have an opportunity to change the landscape of public reporting by taking advantage of advances in measurement, data collection, and information technology to deliver a more consumer-centered report card. Overcoming the constraint of limited public funding, and achieving the acceptance of providers, is critical to realizing future success.

A greater voice for academic health sciences libraries: the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' vision.

Science.gov (United States)

Bunting, Alison

2003-04-01

The founders of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) envisioned the development of a professional organization that would provide a greater voice for academic health sciences libraries, facilitate cooperation and communication with the Association of American Medical Colleges, and create a forum for identifying problems and solutions that are common to academic health sciences libraries. This article focuses on the fulfillment of the "greater voice" vision by describing action and leadership by AAHSL and its members on issues that directly influenced the role of academic health sciences libraries. These include AAHSL's participation in the work that led to the publication of the landmark report, Academic Information in the Academic Health Sciences Center: Roles for the Library in Information Management; its contributions to the recommendations of the Physicians for the Twenty-first Century: The GPEP Report; and the joint publication with the Medical Library Association of Challenge to Action: Planning and Evaluation Guidelines for Academic Health Sciences Libraries.

Technical concept for a greater-confinement-disposal test facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, P.H.

1982-01-01

Greater confinement disposal (GCO) has been defined by the National Low-Level Waste Program as the disposal of low-level waste in such a manner as to provide greater containment of radiation, reduce potential for migration or dispersion or radionuclides, and provide greater protection from inadvertent human and biological intrusions in order to protect the public health and safety. This paper discusses: the need for GCD; definition of GCD; advantages and disadvantages of GCD; relative dose impacts of GCD versus shallow land disposal; types of waste compatible with GCD; objectives of GCD borehole demonstration test; engineering and technical issues; and factors affecting performance of the greater confinement disposal facility

Call to action: Better care, better health, and greater value in college health.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciotoli, Carlo; Smith, Allison J; Keeling, Richard P

2018-03-05

It is time for action by leaders across higher education to strengthen quality improvement (QI) in college health, in pursuit of better care, better health, and increased value - goals closely linked to students' learning and success. The size and importance of the college student population; the connections between wellbeing, and therefore QI, and student success; the need for improved standards and greater accountability; and the positive contributions of QI to employee satisfaction and professionalism all warrant a widespread commitment to building greater capacity and capability for QI in college health. This report aims to inspire, motivate, and challenge college health professionals and their colleagues, campus leaders, and national entities to take both immediate and sustainable steps to bring QI to the forefront of college health practice - and, by doing so, to elevate care, health, and value of college health as a key pathway to advancing student success.

Comunicación dialogada en la toma de decisiones informadas en la atención estomatológica Dialogue communication in the informed decision making in dental care

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Grisel Zacca González

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Para alcanzar la calidad en la atención estomatológica, debe lograrse una interrelación entre el profesional y el individuo, en que este último tenga responsabilidad y autonomía en el proceso. Para esto es imprescindible que el estomatólogo desarrolle habilidades en la comunicación. En este trabajo nos proponemos sensibilizar a los estomatólogos sobre la importancia de la comunicación dialogada para la toma de decisiones informadas en la atención estomatológica.To attain quality in dental care, there must be an interrelation between the professional and the individual, in which the latter has responsibility and autonomy in the process. To this end, it is indispensable that the dentist develops communication skills. In this paper, we propose ourselves to sensitize dentists to the importance of the dialogue communication to make informed decisions in dental care.

Fragilidad en el adulto mayor: detección, intervención en la comunidad y toma de decisiones en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas

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Tania Tello-Rodríguez

Full Text Available La fragilidad física constituye "un síndrome médico con múltiples causas y factores que contribuyen a su desarrollo, caracterizado por la disminución de la fuerza, resistencia y funciones fisiológicas reducidas, que aumentan la vulnerabilidad de un individuo en el desarrollo de la dependencia funcional y/o su muerte". Existen diferentes procesos fisiopatológicos multisistémicos involucrados en la patogénesis del síndrome de fragilidad, siendo uno de los más importantes la pérdida de masa muscular asociada al envejecimiento o sarcopenia. Diversos estudios indican que la fragilidad física se incrementa con la edad. El ejercicio físico constituye la mejor forma de intervención en la prevención y tratamiento de la fragilidad. En el adulto mayor con enfermedades crónicas identificar la fragilidad es muy importante para la toma de decisiones, individualizando el manejo y considerando sus valores y preferencias de cuidado.

Gas, Oil, and Water Production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw Fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, Philip H.; Ewald, Shauna M.; Santus, Stephen L.; Trainor, Patrick K.

2010-01-01

Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from selected wells in four gas fields in rocks of Late Cretaceous age in southwestern Wyoming. This study is one of a series of reports examining fluid production from tight-gas reservoirs, which are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after commencement of production. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil versus gas and water versus gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified. The ranges of first-sample gas rates in Pinedale field and Jonah field are quite similar, and the average gas production rate for the second sample, taken five years later, is about one-half that of the first sample for both fields. Water rates are generally substantially higher in Pinedale than in Jonah, and water-gas ratios in Pinedale are roughly a factor of ten greater in Pinedale than in Jonah. Gas and water production rates from each field are fairly well grouped, indicating that Pinedale and Jonah fields are fairly cohesive gas-water systems. Pinedale field appears to be remarkably uniform in its flow behavior with time. Jonah field, which is internally faulted, exhibits a small spread in first-sample production rates. In the Greater Wamsutter field, gas production from the upper part of the Almond Formation is greater than from the main part of the Almond. Some wells in the main and the combined (upper and main parts) Almond show increases in water production with time, whereas increases

Hemifacial Pain and Hemisensory Disturbance Referred from Occipital Neuralgia Caused by Pathological Vascular Contact of the Greater Occipital Nerve

OpenAIRE

Son, Byung-chul; Choi, Jin-gyu

2017-01-01

Here we report a unique case of chronic occipital neuralgia caused by pathological vascular contact of the left greater occipital nerve. After 12 months of left-sided, unremitting occipital neuralgia, a hypesthesia and facial pain developed in the left hemiface. The decompression of the left greater occipital nerve from pathological contacts with the occipital artery resulted in immediate relief for hemifacial sensory change and facial pain, as well as chronic occipital neuralgia. Although re...

Assessment of greater-than-Class C waste at Los Alamos National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shuman, R.; Jennrich, E.A.; Merrell, G.B.

1991-02-01

Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5820.2A regulates the onsite disposal of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) at all DOE facilities. Among its stipulations, the Order states that ''Disposition of wastes designated as greater-than-Class C, as defined in 10 CFR 61.55 must be handled as special cases. Disposal systems for such waste must be justified by a specific performance assessment.'' Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) personnel have undertaken a review and performance assessment of LLW disposal at its Area-G disposal facility, which is described in this report

A importância das informações de mercado como apoio à tomada de decisões de marketing La importancia de las informaciones de mercado como apoyo en la tomada de decisiones de marketing The importance of market information as support for marketing decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Luiz Chiusoli

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo se propõe verificar como as organizações utilizam as informações de marketing para a tomada de decisões. Inúmeras vezes os executivos encaram situações em que se veem obrigados a tomar decisões com base em sua experiência, sem dispor de informações seguras sobre a coleta e tratamento de dados que forneçam apoio à tomada de decisão de marketing. Assim, mediante uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto, abordou-se o sistema de informação de marketing e a estrutura de um modelo para o qual se tomou como referência o proposto por Kotler (1998. Como complemento do estudo, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva em 110 empresas de médio e grande porte na cidade de Londrina, com os executivos responsáveis pelas decisões de marketing. Chegou-se a resultados que evidenciaram algumas associações entre os segmentos estudados, no caso porte da empresa e ramo de atividade, considerando-se as atividades de marketing. Foi possível também conhecer a maneira pela qual as organizações se apropriam das informações obtidas para tomar as decisões de marketing.El presente artículo se propone levantar como las organizaciones utilizan las informaciones de marketing para tomada de decisiones. Incontables veces los ejecutivos enfrentan situaciones en que se obligan a tomar decisiones con base en su experiencia, sin disponer de informaciones seguras cuanto a la colecta y tratamiento de datos que ofrezcan apoyo a la tomada de decisión de marketing. Así, delante de una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema se ha tratado sobre sistema de información de marketing y estructura de un modelo, en el que se ha tomado como referencia el propuesto por Kotler (1998. Como complemento del estudio se ha realizado una investigación descriptiva con 110 empresas de medio y grande porte en la ciudad de Londrina, junto a los ejecutivos responsables por las decisiones de marketing. Se ha llegado a resultados que evidenciaron algunas

Neurofinanzas: Cuando las Decisiones Financieras no son Racionales (Neurofinances: When finantial decisions are irrational

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manrique Hernández Ramírez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La teoría financiera, considerada como moderna, ha tratado alos humanos como “cajas negras”, pues sugiere que los detalles defuncionalidad de sus cerebros no pueden ser conocidos. Con esteplanteamiento se han creado teorías y modelos que especulan sobreel comportamiento que se supone deben seguir los humanosa partir del enfoque de las finanzas modernas o neoclásicas, y delplanteamiento dado por las finanzas conductuales. De forma contraria,las neurofinanzas intentan entender la conducta humana alanalizar los procesos fisiológicos reales que se dan en el cerebrohumano cuando éste es expuesto al riesgo financiero, utilizandopara ello las más modernas técnicas de la neurociencia. Todo lo anterior potencia la creación de un modelo más realista de latoma de decisiones que se espera logre, finalmente, explicar unaamplia variedad de comportamientos económicos y financierosindividuales que no logra hacer el modelo estándar. El objetivode la investigación bibliográfica desarrollada en este artículo esanalizar esta prometedora y novedosa línea de investigación detallandola importancia de su campo de estudio, las implicacionesque éste puede tener, los objetivos que persigue, sus principalesáreas de interés y los hallazgos e instrumentos de que se vale. Sedescribe, además, el proceso general con el que inicia este tipo deexperimentos y prometedoras líneas de investigación a futuro quepodrían implementarse en Latinoamérica.   ABSTRACT Modern financial theory considers human beings as“black boxes” whose brain functionalities can`t be identified.This statement has led to develop theories and modelsthat speculate about the behavior that humans follow fromthe theories proposed by modern or neoclassic finance, andfrom the one stated by conductive finance. On the otherhand, neurofinances try to understand human behavior analyzingthe real physiological processes happening in the humanbrain when it is exposed to financial risk using

Stress and Subjective Age: Those With Greater Financial Stress Look Older.

Science.gov (United States)

Agrigoroaei, Stefan; Lee-Attardo, Angela; Lachman, Margie E

2017-12-01

Subjective indicators of age add to our understanding of the aging process beyond the role of chronological age. We examined whether financial stress contributes to subjective age as rated by others and the self. The participants ( N = 228), aged 26-75, were from a Boston area satellite of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) longitudinal study. Participants reported how old they felt and how old they thought they looked, and observers assessed the participants' age based on photographs (other-look age), at two occasions, an average of 10 years apart. Financial stress was measured at Time 1. Controlling for income, general stress, health, and attractiveness, participants who reported higher levels of financial stress were perceived as older than their actual age to a greater extent and showed larger increases in other-look age over time. We consider the results on accelerated aging of appearance with regard to their implications for interpersonal interactions and in relation to health.

Hemifacial Pain and Hemisensory Disturbance Referred from Occipital Neuralgia Caused by Pathological Vascular Contact of the Greater Occipital Nerve.

Science.gov (United States)

Son, Byung-Chul; Choi, Jin-Gyu

2017-01-01

Here we report a unique case of chronic occipital neuralgia caused by pathological vascular contact of the left greater occipital nerve. After 12 months of left-sided, unremitting occipital neuralgia, a hypesthesia and facial pain developed in the left hemiface. The decompression of the left greater occipital nerve from pathological contacts with the occipital artery resulted in immediate relief for hemifacial sensory change and facial pain, as well as chronic occipital neuralgia. Although referral of pain from the stimulation of occipital and cervical structures innervated by upper cervical nerves to the frontal head of V1 trigeminal distribution has been reported, the development of hemifacial sensory change associated with referred trigeminal pain from chronic occipital neuralgia is extremely rare. Chronic continuous and strong afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by pathological vascular contact with the greater occipital nerve seemed to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the trigeminocervical complex, a population of neurons in the C2 dorsal horn characterized by receiving convergent input from dural and cervical structures.

Eutanasia, estado constitucional y democracia: la validez de los argumentos religiosos en las decisiones de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana a la luz de la propuesta de Habermas sobre el rol de la religión en la esfera pública

OpenAIRE

Aguirre Román, Javier; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga; Silva Rojas, Alonso; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga; Pabón Mantilla, Ana Patricia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga

2015-01-01

El producto de investigación que se presenta gira alrededor de la pregunta por la postura de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia en relación con los argumentos religiosos a la hora de fundamentar y expresar sus decisiones en algunos casos controvertidos. Para analizar dicho problema se ha propuesto abordar una interpretación sistemática y crítica de un aspecto concreto de la filosofía de JürgenHabermas, a saber, su propuesta acerca del rol de la religión en la esfera pública. La reflexión con...

Eutanasia, estado constitucional y democracia: la validez de los argumentos religiosos en las decisiones de la Corte Constitucional colombiana a la luz de la propuesta de Habermas sobre el rol de la religión en la esfera pública

OpenAIRE

Aguirre Román, Javier; Silva Rojas, Alonso; Pabón Mantilla, Ana Patricia

2015-01-01

El producto de investigación que se presenta gira alrededor de la pregunta por la postura de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia en relación con los argumentos religiosos a la hora de fundamentar y expresar sus decisiones en algunos casos controvertidos. Para analizar dicho problema se ha propuesto abordar una interpretación sistemática y crítica de un aspecto concreto de la filosofía de Jürgen Habermas, a saber, su propuesta acerca del rol de la religión en la esfera pública. La reflexión co...

Making choices about medical interventions: the experience of disabled young people with degenerative conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, Wendy A

2014-04-01

Current western policy, including the UK, advocates choice for service users and their families, taking greater control and being more involved in decision making. However, children's role in health decision making, especially from their own perspective, has received less research attention compared to doctors and parents' perspectives. To explore the perspective and experiences of disabled young people with degenerative conditions as they face significant medical interventions and engage in decision-making processes. Findings from a longitudinal qualitative study of 10 young people (13-22 years) with degenerative conditions are reported. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants over 3 years (2007-2010); the paper reports data from all three interview rounds. Interviews focused on medical intervention choices the young people identified as significant. Although the young people in this study felt involved in the medical intervention choices discussed, findings demonstrate a complex and diverse picture of decision making. Results highlighted different decisional roles adopted by the young people, the importance of information heuristics and working with other people whilst engaging in complex processes weighing up different decisional factors. Young people's experiences demonstrate the importance of moving beyond viewing health choices as technical or rational decisions. How each young person framed their decision was important. Recognizing this diversity and the importance of emerging themes, such as living a normal life, independence, fear of decisions viewed as 'irreversible' and the role of parents and peers in decision making highlights that, there are clear practice implications including, active practitioner listening, sensitivity and continued holistic family working. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

La representación social que orienta las decisiones paternas al afrontar el consumo de drogas de sus hijos The social representation guiding parental decisions to face drug consumption of their teenage children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bertha Lidia Nuño-Gutiérrez

2004-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar la representación social que orientó la toma de decisiones en padres de adolescentes usuarios de drogas para afrontar el consumo de sus hijos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Por selección aleatoria sistemática se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante listados libres, cuestionarios de caracterización y entrevistas profundas a 60 padres de usuarios que acudían a tratamiento a Centros de Integración Juvenil en Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, durante 2002. El análisis fue mediante correlaciones y análisis interpretativo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres etapas: 1 descubriendo la adicción, caracterizada por decepción de los padres; 2 permanencia: la más prolongada en tiempo, inversión de recursos y pérdidas, y 3 retirada: caracterizada por debut en servicios de salud. CONCLUSIONES: La representación que orientó las diferentes decisiones fue la oferta de un mundo mejor, la cual emergió del contexto social, cultural y familiar que gira alrededor del consumo, y fue mantenida por dos creencias: "aprendiendo de los errores" y "querer es poder".OBJECTIVE:. To identify the social representation guiding decisions of parents of teenage drug users to face consumption of their children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative study using free lists, characterization questionnaires, and in-depth interviews was performed among 60 systematically selected parents of young drug users who were receiving treatment in Centros de Integración Juvenil. Data analysis included correlations and interpretive analysis. RESULTS: Three stages were identified: 1 discovery of the addiction, characterized by parental disappointment; 2 permanence: The highest in duration, resource investment, and losses; and 3 withdrawal: Featured by seeking health services. CONCLUSIONS: The representation that guided parental decisions was "the offer of a better world", which stemmed from the social, cultural, and family context that revolves around consumption and that

Patient decision making: strategies for diabetes diet adherence intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Kavookjian, Jan; Berger, Bruce A; Grimley, Diane M; Villaume, William A; Anderson, Heidi M; Barker, Kenneth N

2005-09-01

Patient self-care is critical in controlling diabetes and its complications. Lack of diet adherence is a particular challenge to effective diabetes intervention. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Change, decision-making theory, and self-efficacy have contributed to successful tailoring of interventions in many target behaviors. The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool, including TTM measures for the stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy, that pharmacists involved in diabetes intervention can use for patients resistant to a diet regimen. A questionnaire was developed through a literature review, interviews with diabetic patients, an expert panel input, and pretesting. Cross-sectional implementation of the questionnaire among a convenience sample of 193 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients took place at 4 patient care sites throughout the southeastern United States. Validated measures were used to collect respondent self-report for the TTM variables and for demographic and diabetes history variables. Social desirability was also assessed. Relationships among TTM measures for diet adherence generally replicated those established for other target behaviors. Salient items were identified as potential facilitators (decisional balance pros) or barriers (decisional balance cons and self-efficacy tempting situations) to change. Social desirability exhibited a statistically significant relationship with patient report of diet adherence, with statistically significant differences in mean social desirability across race categories. The TTM measures for the stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy are useful for making decisions on individually tailored interventions for diet adherence, with caution asserted about the potential of diabetes patients to self-report the target behavior in a socially desirable manner. Future research directions, implications, and limitations of the findings are also presented.

La decisione Holt v. Hobbs: una svolta nelle politiche di religious accommodation con riguardo agli istituti di detenzione nell’ordinamento statunitense?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adelaide Madera

2016-11-01

SOMMARIO: 1. La libertà religiosa negli istituti di detenzione negli U.S.A. e il caso Holt v. Hobbs – 2. Le esigenze di bilanciamento fra libertà religiosa ed esigenze di ordine e sicurezza nelle istituzioni penitenziarie – 3. La diluizione delle forme di tutela della libertà religiosa nel contesto degli istituti di detenzione – 4. L’impatto del R.F.R.A. sulla tutela della libertà religiosa negli istituti di detenzione – 5. L’adozione del R.L.U.I.P.A. – 6. Il riconoscimento di legittimità del R.L.U.I.P.A. alla luce dell’Establishment Clause – 7. I nodi irrisolti del caso Cutter v. Wilkinson – 8. Le interferenze del Prison Litigation Reform Actsulla tutela dell’esercizio della libertà religiosa dei detenuti – 9. La frammentazione dei parametri adoperati dai diversi circuiti d’appello – 10. La decisione Holt v. Hobbs – 11. Le motivazioni della Corte – 12. Il (parziale ridimensionamento del parametro della due deference – 13. La tutela estensiva della libertà religiosa promossa dalla Corte Roberts – 14. Holt e Hobby Lobby a confronto – 15. Il crescente rilievo assunto dall’elemento dei third-party burdens nella giurisprudenza della Corte – 16. Annotazioni conclusive.

Towards a greater understanding of the illicit tobacco trade in Europe: a review of the PMI funded ‘Project Star’ report

Science.gov (United States)

Gilmore, Anna B; Rowell, Andy; Gallus, Silvano; Lugo, Alessandra; Joossens, Luk; Sims, Michelle

2014-01-01

Background Following a legal agreement with the European Union (EU), Philip Morris International (PMI) commissions a yearly report (‘Project Star’, PS) on the European illicit cigarette trade from KPMG, the global accountancy firm. Methods Review of PS 2010 report. Comparison with data from independent sources including a 2010 pan-European survey (N=18 056). Findings Within PS, data covering all 27 EU countries are entered into a model. While the model itself seems appropriate, concerns are identified with the methodologies underlying the data inputs and thus their quality: there is little transparency over methodologies; interview data underestimate legal non-domestic product partly by failing to account for legal cross-border sales; illicit cigarette estimates rely on tobacco industry empty pack surveys which may overestimate illicit; and there is an over-reliance on data supplied by PMI with inadequate external validation. Thus, PMI sales data are validated using PMI smoking prevalence estimates, yet PMI is unable to provide sales (shipment) data for the Greek islands and its prevalence estimates differ grossly from independent data. Consequently, comparisons with independent data suggest PS will tend to overestimate illicit cigarette levels particularly where cross-border shopping is frequent (Austria, Finland, France) and in Western compared with Eastern European countries. The model also provides data on the nature of the illicit cigarette market independent of seizure data suggesting that almost a quarter of the illicit cigarette market in 2010 comprised PMI's own brands compared with just 5% counterfeited PMI brands; a finding hidden in PMI's public representation of the data. Conclusions PS overestimates illicit cigarette levels in some European countries and suggests PMI's supply chain control is inadequate. Its publication serves the interests of PMI over those of the EU and its member states. PS requires greater transparency, external scrutiny and

Case Report: Anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele with a clinically silent lateral bony defect in the greater wing of the sphenoid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pandey, Anoop Kumar

2009-01-01

Anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele is the least common type of temporal encephalocele. It commonly presents with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in adults. This article presents the CT cisternography and MRI findings of one such case, which also had an associated clinically silent defect in the greater wing of the sphenoid on the same side

Towards a greater understanding of the illicit tobacco trade in Europe: a review of the PMI funded 'Project Star' report.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilmore, Anna B; Rowell, Andy; Gallus, Silvano; Lugo, Alessandra; Joossens, Luk; Sims, Michelle

2014-05-01

Following a legal agreement with the European Union (EU), Philip Morris International (PMI) commissions a yearly report ('Project Star', PS) on the European illicit cigarette trade from KPMG, the global accountancy firm. Review of PS 2010 report. Comparison with data from independent sources including a 2010 pan-European survey (N=18,056). Within PS, data covering all 27 EU countries are entered into a model. While the model itself seems appropriate, concerns are identified with the methodologies underlying the data inputs and thus their quality: there is little transparency over methodologies; interview data underestimate legal non-domestic product partly by failing to account for legal cross-border sales; illicit cigarette estimates rely on tobacco industry empty pack surveys which may overestimate illicit; and there is an over-reliance on data supplied by PMI with inadequate external validation. Thus, PMI sales data are validated using PMI smoking prevalence estimates, yet PMI is unable to provide sales (shipment) data for the Greek islands and its prevalence estimates differ grossly from independent data. Consequently, comparisons with independent data suggest PS will tend to overestimate illicit cigarette levels particularly where cross-border shopping is frequent (Austria, Finland, France) and in Western compared with Eastern European countries. The model also provides data on the nature of the illicit cigarette market independent of seizure data suggesting that almost a quarter of the illicit cigarette market in 2010 comprised PMI's own brands compared with just 5% counterfeited PMI brands; a finding hidden in PMI's public representation of the data. PS overestimates illicit cigarette levels in some European countries and suggests PMI's supply chain control is inadequate. Its publication serves the interests of PMI over those of the EU and its member states. PS requires greater transparency, external scrutiny and use of independent data. Published by the BMJ

Physician-based activity counseling: intervention effects on mediators of motivational readiness for physical activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto, B M; Lynn, H; Marcus, B H; DePue, J; Goldstein, M G

2001-01-01

In theory-based interventions for behavior change, there is a need to examine the effects of interventions on the underlying theoretical constructs and the mediating role of such constructs. These two questions are addressed in the Physically Active for Life study, a randomized trial of physician-based exercise counseling for older adults. Three hundred fifty-five patients participated (intervention n = 181, control n = 174; mean age = 65.6 years). The underlying theories used were the Transtheoretical Model, Social Cognitive Theory and the constructs of decisional balance (benefits and barriers), self-efficacy, and behavioral and cognitive processes of change. Motivational readiness for physical activity and related constructs were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 8 months. Linear or logistic mixed effects models were used to examine intervention effects on the constructs, and logistic mixed effects models were used for mediator analyses. At 6 weeks, the intervention had significant effects on decisional balance, self-efficacy, and behavioral processes, but these effects were not maintained at 8 months. At 6 weeks, only decisional balance and behavioral processes were identified as mediators of motivational readiness outcomes. Results suggest that interventions of greater intensity and duration may be needed for sustained changes in mediators and motivational readiness for physical activity among older adults.

Vapour cloud explosion hazard greater with light feedstocks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Windebank, C.S.

1980-03-03

Because lighter chemical feedstocks such as propylene and butylenes are more reactive than LPG's they pose a greater risk of vapor cloud explosion, particularly during their transport. According to C.S. Windebank (Insurance Tech. Bur.), percussive unconfined vapor cloud explosions (PUVCE's) do not usually occur below the ten-ton threshold for saturated hydrocarbons but can occur well below this threshold in the case of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propylene and butylenes. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVE's) are more likely to be ''hot'' (i.e., the original explosion is associated with fire) than ''cold'' in the case of unsaturated hydrocarbons. No PUVCE or BLEVE incident has been reported in the UK. In the US, 16 out of 20 incidents recorded between 1970 and 1975 were related to chemical feedstocks, including propylene and butylenes, and only 4 were LPG-related. The average losses were $20 million per explosion. Between 1968 and 1978, 8% of LPG pipeline spillages led to explosions.

Fractures of the greater trochanter following total hip replacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Brun, Ole-Christian L; Maansson, Lukas

2013-01-01

We studied the incidence of greater trochanteric fractures at our department following THR. In all we examined 911 patients retrospectively and found the occurance of a greater trochanteric fracture to be 3%. Patients with fractures had significantly poorer outcome on Oxford Hip score, Pain VAS, Satisfaction VAS and EQ-5D compared to THR without fractures. Greater trochanteric fracture following THR is one of the most common complications following THR. It has previously been thought to have little impact on the overall outcome following THR, but our study suggests otherwise.

Decision conflict and regret among surrogate decision makers in the medical intensive care unit.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Jesse J; Morris, Peter; Files, D Clark; Gower, Emily; Young, Michael

2016-04-01

Family members of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit face significant morbidity. It may be the decision-making process that plays a significant role in the psychological morbidity associated with being a surrogate in the ICU. We hypothesize that family members facing end-of-life decisions will have more decisional conflict and decisional regret than those facing non-end-of-life decisions. We enrolled a sample of adult patients and their surrogates in a tertiary care, academic medical intensive care unit. We queried the surrogates regarding decisions they had made on behalf of the patient and assessed decision conflict. We then contacted the family member again to assess decision regret. Forty (95%) of 42 surrogates were able to identify at least 1 decision they had made on behalf of the patient. End-of-life decisions (defined as do not resuscitate [DNR]/do not intubate [DNI] or continuation of life support) accounted for 19 of 40 decisions (47.5%). Overall, the average Decision Conflict Scale (DCS) score was 21.9 of 100 (range 0-100, with 0 being little decisional conflict and 100 being great decisional conflict). The average DCS score for families facing end-of-life decisions was 25.5 compared with 18.7 for all other decisions. Those facing end-of-life decisions scored higher on the uncertainty subscale (subset of DCS questions that indicates level of certainty regarding decision) with a mean score of 43.4 compared with all other decisions with a mean score of 27.0. Overall, very few surrogates experienced decisional regret with an average DRS score of 13.4 of 100. Nearly all surrogates enrolled were faced with decision-making responsibilities on behalf of his or her critically ill family member. In our small pilot study, we found more decisional conflict in those surrogates facing end-of-life decisions, specifically on the subset of questions dealing with uncertainty. Surrogates report low levels of decisional regret. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier

Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prevey, Janet; Vellend, Mark; Ruger, Nadja

2017-01-01

Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance...

Greater Somalia, the never-ending dream?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zoppi, Marco

2015-01-01

This paper provides an historical analysis of the concept of Greater Somalia, the nationalist project that advocates the political union of all Somali-speaking people, including those inhabiting areas in current Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya. The Somali territorial unification project of “lost...

Assessing Human Impacts on the Greater Akaki River, Ethiopia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We assessed the impacts of human activities on the Greater Akaki River using physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrate metrics. Physicochemical samples and macroinvertebrates were collected bimonthly from eight sites established on the Greater Akaki River from February 2006 to April 2006. Eleven metrics ...

Molecular insights into the biology of Greater Sage-Grouse

Science.gov (United States)

Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Quinn, Thomas W.

2011-01-01

Recent research on Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) genetics has revealed some important findings. First, multiple paternity in broods is more prevalent than previously thought, and leks do not comprise kin groups. Second, the Greater Sage-Grouse is genetically distinct from the congeneric Gunnison sage-grouse (C. minimus). Third, the Lyon-Mono population in the Mono Basin, spanning the border between Nevada and California, has unique genetic characteristics. Fourth, the previous delineation of western (C. u. phaios) and eastern Greater Sage-Grouse (C. u. urophasianus) is not supported genetically. Fifth, two isolated populations in Washington show indications that genetic diversity has been lost due to population declines and isolation. This chapter examines the use of molecular genetics to understand the biology of Greater Sage-Grouse for the conservation and management of this species and put it into the context of avian ecology based on selected molecular studies.

Case Report: Anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele with a clinically silent lateral bony defect in the greater wing of the sphenoid

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Pandey Anoop

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele is the least common type of temporal encephalocele. It commonly presents with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in adults. This article presents the CT cisternography and MRI findings of one such case, which also had an associated clinically silent defect in the greater wing of the sphenoid on the same side.

An alternative clinical approach to achieve greater anterior than posterior maxillary expansion in cleft lip and palate patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Dauro Douglas; Bartolomeo, Flávia Uchôa Costa; Cardinal, Lucas; Figueiredo, Daniel Santos Fonseca; Palomo, Juan Martin; Andrade, Ildeu

2014-11-01

Cleft lip and palate patients commonly present maxillary constriction, particularly in the anterior region. The aim of this case report was to describe an alternative clinical approach that used a smaller Hyrax screw unconventionally positioned to achieve greater anterior than posterior expansion in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. The idea presented here is to take advantage of a reduced dimension screw to position it anteriorly. When only anterior expansion was needed (patient 1), the appliance was soldered to the first premolar bands and associated to a transpalatal arch cemented to the first molars. However, when overall expansion was required (patient 2), the screw was positioned anteriorly, but soldered to the first molar bands. Intercanine, premolar, and first molar widths were measured on dental casts with a digital caliper. Pre-expansion and postexpansion radiographs and tomographies were also evaluated. A significant anterior expansion and no intermolar width increase were registered in the first patient. Although patient 2 also presented a greater anterior than posterior expansion, a noteworthy expansion occurred at the molar region. The alternative approach to expand the maxilla in cleft patients reported here caused greater anterior than posterior expansion when the Mini-Hyrax was associated to a transpalatal arch, and its reduced dimension also minimized discomfort and facilitated hygiene.

INDUSTRIAL LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING DECONCENTRATION IN GREATER JAKARTA

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hudalah, Delik; Viantari, Dimitra; Firman, Tommy; Woltjer, Johan

2013-01-01

Industrial land development has become a key feature of urbanization in Greater Jakarta, one of the largest metropolitan areas in Southeast Asia. Following Suharto's market-oriented policy measures in the late 1980s, private developers have dominated the land development projects in Greater Jakarta.

Fertility information needs and concerns post-treatment contribute to lowered quality of life among young adult female cancer survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

Benedict, Catherine; Thom, Bridgette; Friedman, Danielle N; Pottenger, Elaine; Raghunathan, Nirupa; Kelvin, Joanne F

2018-07-01

Cancer treatment may lead to premature menopause and infertility. Young adult female cancer survivors (YAFCS) are often concerned about their fertility and future family-building options, but research is limited on how concerns may affect more general quality of life (QOL) domains. This study examined how fertility factors relate to QOL among YAFCS who received gonadotoxic therapy. A national sample of YAFCS completed an online, anonymous survey. The survey included investigator-designed questions about perceived fertility information needs (five items; Cronbach's α = .83) and general QOL (four items; α = .89), the Reproductive Concerns after Cancer Scale (RCACS) and Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Analyses included Pearson's correlation, t tests, and stepwise regression. Participants (N = 314) were an average of 30 years old (SD = 4.1) and 5 years (SD = 5.4) post-treatment; 31% reported being infertile and 19% had undergone fertility preservation (FP). Overall, QOL was relatively high (M = 7.3, SD = 1.9, range 0-10) and did not vary by fertility status (t[272] = .743, p = .46), prior FP (t[273] = .53, p = .55) or sociodemographic/clinical factors (p's > .05) except socioeconomic indicators (p's < .05).In separate models, greater unmet fertility information needs (β = - .19, p = .004) and, among fertile women, greater reproductive concerns (β = - .26, p = .001) related to lower QOL. Among fertile women without prior FP, greater decisional distress about future FP related to lower QOL (β = - .19, p = .03). These preliminary findings suggest that unaddressed fertility information needs, concerns, and decision distress may affect general QOL among post-treatment YAFCS who hope to have children in the future. Future work should identify ways to optimally incorporate fertility counseling and support resources into survivorship care programs, including referrals to reproductive

La educación como herramienta para desarrollar decisiones asertivas en los adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mery Luz Valderrama Sanabria

2012-12-01

 adolescentes pueden determinar el momento de iniciar su actividad sexual con conocimiento más profundo y  actitud libre, por tanto la educación sexual debe basarse en la toma de decisiones responsables y el uso correctode métodos anticonceptivos porque conocerlosno garantiza la ausencia de embarazo.(Rev Cuid 2012;3(3:416-8.Palabras clave: Educación, Asertividad, Embarazo en Adolescencia. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME.

Fostering Culture Change in an Undergraduate Business Program: "Nudging" Students towards Greater Involvement in Extra-Curricular Activities

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Elizabeth M.

2013-01-01

A report on a successfully implemented program to increase student participation in extra-curricular activities in an undergraduate business program with a high percentage of first-generation college students. A market-research study offered insight as to why students were not participating before the program was launched. Greater participation in…

Price freezes, durables and residential electricity demand - Evidence from the Greater Buenos Aires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casarin, Ariel; Delfino, Maria Eugenia

2010-09-15

This paper examines the determinants of residential electricity demand in the Greater Buenos Aires between 1997 and 2006. During the second half of this period, residential tariffs remained nominally fixed, while an income boom boosted up the sales of durables. This study differs from previous works in that it explicitly considers the impact of the stock of air-conditioners on residential demand. The paper reports short- and long-run elasticities and examines the contribution of prices and durables to recent demand growth. Simulations illustrate the impact of prices and durables on future demand.

Comparing statistical tests for detecting soil contamination greater than background

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardin, J.W.; Gilbert, R.O.

1993-12-01

The Washington State Department of Ecology (WSDE) recently issued a report that provides guidance on statistical issues regarding investigation and cleanup of soil and groundwater contamination under the Model Toxics Control Act Cleanup Regulation. Included in the report are procedures for determining a background-based cleanup standard and for conducting a 3-step statistical test procedure to decide if a site is contaminated greater than the background standard. The guidance specifies that the State test should only be used if the background and site data are lognormally distributed. The guidance in WSDE allows for using alternative tests on a site-specific basis if prior approval is obtained from WSDE. This report presents the results of a Monte Carlo computer simulation study conducted to evaluate the performance of the State test and several alternative tests for various contamination scenarios (background and site data distributions). The primary test performance criteria are (1) the probability the test will indicate that a contaminated site is indeed contaminated, and (2) the probability that the test will indicate an uncontaminated site is contaminated. The simulation study was conducted assuming the background concentrations were from lognormal or Weibull distributions. The site data were drawn from distributions selected to represent various contamination scenarios. The statistical tests studied are the State test, t test, Satterthwaite's t test, five distribution-free tests, and several tandem tests (wherein two or more tests are conducted using the same data set)

Framing and personalizing informed consent to prevent negative expectations: An experimental pilot study.

Science.gov (United States)

Heisig, Sarah R; Shedden-Mora, Meike C; Hidalgo, Pablo; Nestoriuc, Yvonne

2015-10-01

Informing patients about medical treatments and their possible side effects is ethically and legally obligatory but may trigger negative expectations and nocebo-related side effects. This pilot study aims to investigate the effect of different informed consent procedures on treatment expectations for adjuvant breast cancer treatments (Study 1: endocrine therapy; Study 2: chemotherapy). Using an experimental 2-factorial design, healthy women were informed about endocrine therapy (n = 60) or chemotherapy (n = 64) within a hypothetical scenario. Information was framed with or without treatment benefit information and delivered in a personalized or standardized interaction. Primary outcomes were necessity-concern beliefs about the treatment and side-effect expectations, secondary outcomes were decisional conflicts. In Study 1, side-effect expectations (η²p= .08) and decisional conflicts (η²p = .07) were lower when framed treatment information was given. Providing personalized information resulted in more functional necessity-concern beliefs (η²p = .06) and lower decisional conflicts (η²p = .07). Personalizing and framing of information resulted in more functional necessity-concern beliefs (η²p = .10) and lower decisional conflicts. In Study 2, necessity-concern beliefs were more functional with framing (η²p = .06). Participants in the personalized groups reported lower decisional conflicts (η²p = .06). No differences in side-effect expectations were revealed. This is the first study to provide evidence for optimized treatment expectations through altered informed consent strategies. The results emphasize that framing and personalizing informed consent can positively influence treatment expectations and reduce decisional conflicts. However, generalizations are impaired by the study's pilot character. The potential to prevent nocebo responses in clinical practice should be analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Randomized controlled trial of a patient decision-making aid for orthodontics.

Science.gov (United States)

Parker, Kate; Cunningham, Susan J; Petrie, Aviva; Ryan, Fiona S

2017-08-01

Patient decision-making aids (PDAs) are instruments that facilitate shared decision making and enable patients to reach informed, individual decisions regarding health care. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a PDA compared with traditional information provision for adolescent patients considering fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Before treatment, orthodontic patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the intervention group received the PDA and standard information regarding fixed appliances, and the control group received the standard information only. Decisional conflict was measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale, and the levels of decisional conflict were compared between the 2 groups. Seventy-two patients were recruited and randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to the PDA and control groups. Seventy-one patients completed the trial (control group, 36; PDA group, 35); this satisfied the sample size calculation. The median total Decisional Conflict Scale score in the PDA group was lower than in the control group (15.63 and 19.53, respectively). However, this difference was not statistically significant (difference between groups, 3.90; 95% confidence interval of the difference, -4.30 to 12.11). Sex, ethnicity, age, and the time point at which patients were recruited did not have significant effects on Decisional Conflict Scale scores. No harm was observed or reported for any participant in the study. The results of this study showed that the provision of a PDA to adolescents before they consented for fixed appliances did not significantly reduce decisional conflict. There may be a benefit in providing a PDA for some patients, but it is not yet possible to say how these patients could be identified. This trial was registered with the Harrow National Research Ethics Committee (reference 12/LO/0279). The protocol was not published before trial commencement. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Irreducible Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Associated With Displaced Fracture of the Greater Tuberosity: An Analysis of Seven Cases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Although anterior shoulder dislocation is the most prevalent type of body dislocation, irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation is seldom reported in the literature, which is usually due to physical obstacles. Objectives: This study presents our findings regarding the causes of irreducibility of anterior shoulder dislocation associated with displaced fracture of the greater tuberosity. Patients and Methods: CT scans, open reduction of the joint, and internal fixation of the tuberosity was performed in seven patients with irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation associated with displaced fracture of the greater tuberosity. Results: As confirmed by intraoperative findings, the CT scans showed the cause of irreducible shoulder dislocation in six cases was the interposition of the long head of biceps (LHB in the anterior of the head that was displaced from the fracture line between the greater and lesser tuberosities. In another case, the greater and lesser tuberosities were attached to each other and were separated from the head. This fractured part was trapped. Conclusions: We suggest that performing CT scans in all cases of anterior shoulder dislocations with displaced fracture of the greater tuberosity can help surgeons to diagnose the accompanying fractures and possible complications, such as irreducibility. If the fracture line passes through the bicipital groove or in the case of a shield fracture, possible irreducibility should be borne in mind.

Perceptions of parental control and the development of indecision among late adolescent females.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrari, J R; Olivette, M J

1993-01-01

Late adolescent females (N = 86; M age = 19.1 years) completed reliable and valid self-report measures on their perception of both parents' authority style (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive) and their own tendency toward decisional procrastination. Households where daughters perceived both parents as high authoritarian (n = 32) were significantly more likely to raise daughters with strong indecision tendencies than were parents perceived as low authoritarian (n = 23). Mothers and fathers perceived as high (n = 22) or low (n = 22) authoritative, and high (n = 32) or low (n = 24) permissive, did not produce significant differences in daughters' self-reported decisional procrastination. Results suggest that parental authority characterized by stern inflexibility and overcontrol has the greatest influence on daughters who develop chronic indecision tendencies.

Strategies for Talent Management: Greater Philadelphia Companies in Action

Science.gov (United States)

Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (NJ1), 2008

2008-01-01

Human capital is one of the critical issues that impacts the Greater Philadelphia region's ability to grow and prosper. The CEO Council for Growth (CEO Council) is committed to ensuring a steady and talented supply of quality workers for this region. "Strategies for Talent Management: Greater Philadelphia Companies in Action" provides…

Greater oil investment opportunities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arenas, Ismael Enrique

1997-01-01

Geologically speaking, Colombia is a very attractive country for the world oil community. According to this philosophy new and important steps are being taken to reinforce the oil sector: Expansion of the exploratory frontier by including a larger number of sedimentary areas, and the adoption of innovative contracting instruments. Colombia has to offer, Greater economic incentives for the exploration of new areas to expand the exploratory frontier, stimulation of exploration in areas with prospectivity for small fields. Companies may offer Ecopetrol a participation in production over and above royalties, without it's participating in the investments and costs of these fields, more favorable conditions for natural gas seeking projects, in comparison with those governing the terms for oil

Strontium isotopic geochemistry of intrusive rocks, Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, L.M.; Kesler, S.E.

1980-01-01

The strontium isotope geochemistry is given for three Puerto Rican intrusive rocks: the granodioritic Morovis and San Lorenzo plutons and the Rio Blanco stock of quartz dioritic composition. The average calculated initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios are 0.70370, 0.70355 and 0.70408, respectively. In addition, the San Lorenzo data establish a whole-rock isochron of 71 +- 2 m.y., which agrees with the previously reported K-Ar age of 73 m.y. Similarity of most of the intrusive rocks in the Greater Antilles with respect to their strontium isotopic geochemistry regardless of their major element composition indicates that intrusive magmas with a wide range of composition can be derived from a single source material. The most likely source material, in view of the available isotopic data, is the mantle wedge overlying the subduction zone. (orig.)

Flexible ureteroscopy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy as primary treatment for renal stones 2 cm or greater

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akar EC

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Erin Akar, Bodo E KnudsenDepartment of Urology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USAAbstract: The purpose of this review, based on the current evidence in the literature, is whether ureteroscopy (URS is a comparable primary treatment option to the current gold standard of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL for the treatment of large kidney stones 2 cm or greater. The lack of prospective randomized trials directly comparing URS and PCNL makes comparison challenging. The numerous studies are not standardized in terms of their definition of stone-free or how stone size is reported. In order to standardize comparison of results, we used a stone-free definition of <4 mm after one procedure per imaging of the author’s choice, since how each patient was imaged postoperatively was not reported. The results from the literature show that moderately large stones from 2 to 3 cm treated ureteroscopically have similar outcomes to PCNL. Stone-free rates with URS decrease when stone size is above 3 cm. Our interpretation of the literature suggests that a current limitation of URS is that multiple procedures for URS would be required to achieve comparable stone-free rates to PCNL, particularly for stones greater than 4 cm.Keywords: ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, lithotripsy, urinary calculi

Improving greater trochanteric reattachment with a novel cable plate system.

Science.gov (United States)

Baril, Yannick; Bourgeois, Yan; Brailovski, Vladimir; Duke, Kajsa; Laflamme, G Yves; Petit, Yvan

2013-03-01

Cable-grip systems are commonly used for greater trochanteric reattachment because they have provided the best fixation performance to date, even though they have a rather high complication rate. A novel reattachment system is proposed with the aim of improving fixation stability. It consists of a Y-shaped fixation plate combined with locking screws and superelastic cables to reduce cable loosening and limit greater trochanter movement. The novel system is compared with a commercially available reattachment system in terms of greater trochanter movement and cable tensions under different greater trochanteric abductor application angles. A factorial design of experiments was used including four independent variables: plate system, cable type, abductor application angle, and femur model. The test procedure included 50 cycles of simultaneous application of an abductor force on the greater trochanter and a hip force on the femoral head. The novel plate reduces the movements of a greater trochanter fragment within a single loading cycle up to 26%. Permanent degradation of the fixation (accumulated movement based on 50-cycle testing) is reduced up to 46%. The use of superelastic cables reduces tension loosening up to 24%. However this last improvement did not result in a significant reduction of the grater trochanter movement. The novel plate and cables present advantages over the commercially available greater trochanter reattachment system. The plate reduces movements generated by the hip abductor. The superelastic cables reduce cable loosening during cycling. Both of these positive effects could decrease the risks related to grater trochanter non-union. Copyright © 2012 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Self-mastery among Chinese Older Adults in the Greater Chicago Area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xinqi Dong

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Self-mastery is an important psychological resource to cope with stressful situations. However, we have limited understanding of self-mastery among minority aging populations. Objective: This study aims to examine the presence and levels of self-mastery among U.S. Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the PINE study, a population-based survey of U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Guided by a community-based participatory research approach, a total of 3,159 Chinese older adults aged 60 and above were surveyed. A Chinese version of the Self-Mastery Scale was used to assess self-mastery. Results: Out of the 7-item Chinese Self-Mastery Scale, approximately 42.8% to 87.5% of Chinese older adults experienced some degree of self-mastery in their lives. Older adults with no formal education and the oldest-old aged 85 and over had the lowest level of self-mastery in our study. A higher mastery level was associated with being married, having fewer children, better self-reported health status, better quality of life, and positive health changes. Conclusion: Although self-mastery is commonly experienced among the Chinese aging population in the Greater Chicago area, specific subgroups are still vulnerable. Future longitudinal studies are needed to improve the understanding of risk factors and outcomes associated with self-mastery among Chinese older adults.

Fragilidad financiera en colombia y las decisiones de política monetaria del banco de la república, 1996-2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Mauricio Gil León

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo evalúa cuál ha sido el papel de las decisiones de política monetaria del Banco de la República dentro de los procesos de inestabilidad financiera acaecidos en Colombia en el período 1996-2012. Según la revisión de hechos, la crisis de 1999 puso en duda el papel estabilizador del banco central, lo cual reflejó una postura contra-cíclica demasiado débil para la recuperación, y la crisis de 2008 encontró un banco más preparado, aunque con respuesta tardía a los procesos emergentes de fragilidad financiera. A través de estimaciones econométricas se evidencia que una política monetaria contractiva puede inducir una crisis financiera cuando la reacción se da en momentos de mayor estrés financiero. This paper evaluates what has been the role of the monetary policy decisions taken by the Central Bank during the financial instability processes that Colombia has gone through during 1996 – 2012. According to the fact analysis, the 1999 crisis questioned the role of the central bank, which defended a counter-cyclic posture that was not strong enough to lead the economic recovery. The 2008 crisis found a stronger stand­ing Central Bank, even though it answered late to the emerging processes regarding financial fragility. With the use of econometric studies it was proven that a contractive monetary policy can accelerate a financial crisis when the measure is implemented in moments when the financial stress is too high.

A randomised controlled trial evaluating the utility of a patient Decision Aid to improve clinical trial (RAVES 08.03) related decision-making.

Science.gov (United States)

Sundaresan, Puma; Ager, Brittany; Turner, Sandra; Costa, Dan; Kneebone, Andrew; Pearse, Maria; Woo, Henry; Tesson, Stephanie; Juraskova, Ilona; Butow, Phyllis

2017-10-01

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the 'gold-standard' for evaluating medical treatments. However, patients and clinicians report difficulties with informed consent and recruitment. We evaluated the utility of a Decision Aid (DA) in reducing RCT-related decisional conflict, and improving RCT knowledge and recruitment. Potential participants for a radiotherapy RCT were invited to participate in the current study. Participants were randomised to receive the RCT's participant information sheet with or without a DA. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, one and six months. The primary outcome measure was decisional conflict. Secondary outcome measures included knowledge regarding and recruitment to the RCT. 129 men were randomised to the DA (63) and control (66) arms. Decisional conflict was significantly lower over 6-months (p=0.048) in the DA arm. Knowledge regarding the RCT was significantly higher at 6months (p=0.033) in the DA arm. 20.6% of the DA arm (13 of 63) and 9% of the control arm (6 of 66) entered the RCT. This study demonstrates the utility of a DA in reducing decisional conflict and improving trial knowledge in men with cancer who are making decisions regarding RCT participation. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Myiasis in Dogs in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Sherry A M; Gakuya, Daniel W; Mbuthia, Paul G; Mande, John D; Afakye, Kofi; Maingi, Ndichu

2016-01-01

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues of live vertebrate animals and humans with dipterous larvae. In sub-Saharan Africa, Cordylobia anthropohaga and Cordylobia rodhaini are known to be responsible for cutaneous myiasis in animals and humans. Human cases of myiasis, purportedly acquired in Ghana but diagnosed in other countries, have been reported; however, published data on its occurrence in animals in Ghana is unavailable. This study assessed the prevalence of canine myiasis among owned dogs in the Greater Accra region (GAR) of Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Greater Accra region of Ghana, selected for being the region with the highest estimated population density of owned dogs. Physical examination and demographic characteristics of the study dogs were assessed. Management of the dogs was assessed through a questionnaire administered to the dog owners. A total of 392 owned dogs were sampled. Twenty-nine (7.4%) had cutaneous myiasis caused by C. rodhaini. In addition, one (0.2%) of the dogs had intestinal myiasis, with Dermatobia hominis as the offending larvae. Among the breeds of dogs with myiasis, the mongrel was most affected, with 24 (82.8%) out of the 29 cases. The mongrels, majority of which (24; 82.8%) were males, were left to roam freely in the community. Results from this study demonstrate that C. rodhaini and D. hominis are important causes of myiasis in owned dogs in the GAR of Ghana. Dogs could play a role in the spread of myiasis to humans, with its attendant public health implications.

Negative mood-induced alcohol-seeking is greater in young adults who report depression symptoms, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Hogarth, Lee; Hardy, Lorna; Mathew, Amanda R; Hitsman, Brian

2018-04-01

Acute negative mood powerfully motivates alcohol-seeking behavior, but it remains unclear whether sensitivity to this effect is greater in drinkers who report depression symptoms, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity. To examine these questions, 128 young adult alcohol drinkers (ages 18-25) completed questionnaires of alcohol use disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, and drinking to cope with negative affect. Baseline alcohol choice was measured by preference to enlarge alcohol versus food thumbnail images in two-alternative forced-choice trials. Negative mood was then induced by depressive statements and music, before alcohol choice was tested. Subjective reactivity was indexed by increased sadness pre- to post-mood induction. Baseline alcohol choice correlated with alcohol dependence symptoms (p = .001), and drinking coping motives (ps ≤ .01). Mood induction increased alcohol choice and subjective sadness overall (ps choice was associated with depression symptoms (p = .007), drinking to cope (ps ≤ .03), and subjective reactivity (p = .007). The relationship between mood-induced alcohol choice and drinking to cope remained significant after covarying for other drinking motives. Furthermore, the three predictors (depression, drinking to cope, and subjective reactivity) accounted for unique variance in mood-induced alcohol choice (ps ≥ .03), and collectively accounted for 18% of the variance (p choice task as sensitive to the relative value of alcohol and acute negative mood. The findings also accord with the core prediction of negative reinforcement theory that sensitivity to the motivational impact of negative mood on alcohol-seeking behavior may be an important mechanism that links depression and alcohol dependence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Lower inhibitory control interacts with greater pain catastrophizing to predict greater pain intensity in women with migraine and overweight/obesity.

Science.gov (United States)

Galioto, Rachel; O'Leary, Kevin C; Thomas, J Graham; Demos, Kathryn; Lipton, Richard B; Gunstad, John; Pavlović, Jelena M; Roth, Julie; Rathier, Lucille; Bond, Dale S

2017-12-01

Pain catastrophizing (PC) is associated with more severe and disabling migraine attacks. However, factors that moderate this relationship are unknown. Failure of inhibitory control (IC), or the ability to suppress automatic or inappropriate responses, may be one such factor given previous research showing a relationship between higher PC and lower IC in non-migraine samples, and research showing reduced IC in migraine. Therefore, we examined whether lower IC interacts with increased PC to predict greater migraine severity as measured by pain intensity, attack frequency, and duration. Women (n = 105) aged 18-50 years old (M = 38.0 ± 1.2) with overweight/obesity and migraine who were seeking behavioral treatment for weight loss and migraine reduction completed a 28-day smartphone-based headache diary assessing migraine headache severity. Participants then completed a modified computerized Stroop task as a measure of IC and self-report measures of PC (Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]), anxiety, and depression. Linear regression was used to examine independent and joint associations of PC and IC with indices of migraine severity after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI) depression, and anxiety. Participants on average had BMI of 35.1 ± 6.5 kg/m 2 and reported 5.3 ± 2.6 migraine attacks (8.3 ± 4.4 migraine days) over 28 days that produced moderate pain intensity (5.9 ± 1.4 out of 10) with duration of 20.0 ± 14.2 h. After adjusting for covariates, higher PCS total (β = .241, SE = .14, p = .03) and magnification subscale (β = .311, SE = .51, p migraine attacks. Future studies are needed to determine whether interventions to improve IC could lead to less painful migraine attacks via improvements in PC.

Accidentes, decisiones y sorpresas: Un relato acerca de cómo es posible abordar las transformaciones de urbanizaciones populares en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Mercedes Di Virgilio

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la trastienda de una investigación que se propuso describir y comprender cómo se han transformado las urbanizaciones de origen informal, sus viviendas y sus habitantes, en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Esta investigación se inserta en el marco de un estudio multicéntrico, del que forman parte diferentes ciudades de América Latina, bajo el proyecto: “The rehabilitation of consolidated irregular settlements in Latin American Cities: Towards a ‘third generation’ of public policy analysis and development”, desarrollado por la Latin American Housing Network, Universidad de Texas (Austin. Aquí presentamos la estrategia metodológica adoptada, las técnicas y los pasos definidos para abordar nuestro objeto de estudio a nivel local y su articulación con un proyecto de carácter colectivo que involucra no sólo investigadores de distintas ciudades sino también de diferentes disciplinas. Nuestro propósito es mostrar la realidad de este proceso investigativo, con sus accidentes e imprevistos y las decisiones adoptadas para superarlos

Plans for managing greater-than-glass C low-level waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newberry, W.F.; Coleman, J.A.

1990-01-01

Low-level waste is defined in the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (Title I, Public Law 99-240) as radioactive waste that is neither high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, nor by-product material (mill tailings). This paper presents proposed plans for the Department of Energy to fulfill its responsibility to dispose of GTCC LLW under the 1985 law, and to ensure that safe options are available for long-term management of such, pending the availability of disposal capacity. In the absence of a concentration-based definition for high-level waste, there currently is no upper bound for the concentration of radionuclides in low-level waste. DOE's plans for managing and disposing of GTCC LLW are generally consistent with a report issued by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment in October 1988, An Evaluation of Options for Managing Greater-than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste

la ProteCCiÓn al PrinCiPio de liBertad en laS deCiSioneS de la Corte ConStitUCional: el CaSo de laS SentenCiaS SoBre liBeraliZaCiÓn DE LA INTERRUPCIÓN VOLUNTARIA DEL EMBARAZO

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Ana Patricia Pabón Mantilla

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo da cuenta de los resultados de la investigación terminada, que giró alrededor del análisis de las decisiones que con objeto de las acciones de inconstitucionalidad ha proferido la Corte Constitucional de Colombia con el objeto de resolver las demandas contra el tipo penal de aborto. El análisis de dichas decisiones parte de valorar si la Corte ha tenido en cuenta en su argumentación la discusión en torno a la libertad de las mujeres frente a la decisión deinterrumpir un embarazo, tomando como puntos de partida las discusiones que desde la filosofía se han dado alrededor de la libertad y los precedentes de la Corte en los que ha resuelto otros conflictos de principios y en los que se decide dando prioridad al principio de libertad. El análisis de los pronunciamientos de la Corte permitió deducir que la corporación no ha tenido en cuenta una valoración de las libertades como centro del debate constitucional y que sus tesis partieron de una visión conservadora extrema a una tesis moderada en la sentencia del 2006. En este análisis se partió del análisis crítico de las jurisprudencias a partir de una pauta de análisis documental.

GREATER OMENTUM: MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN PEDIATRICS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.V. Nekrutov

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The review analyzes the structure organization and pathophysiological age specificities of the greater omentum, which determine its uniqueness and functional diversity in a child's organism. the article discusses protective functions of the organ, its role in the development of post operative complications of children, and the usage in children's reconstructive plastic surgery.Key words: greater omentum, omentitis, of post operative complications, children.

More features, greater connectivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Hunt, Sarah

2015-09-01

Changes in our political infrastructure, the continuing frailties of our economy, and a stark growth in population, have greatly impacted upon the perceived stability of the NHS. Healthcare teams have had to adapt to these changes, and so too have the technologies upon which they rely to deliver first-class patient care. Here Sarah Hunt, marketing co-ordinator at Aid Call, assesses how the changing healthcare environment has affected one of its fundamental technologies - the nurse call system, argues the case for wireless such systems in terms of what the company claims is greater adaptability to changing needs, and considers the ever-wider range of features and functions available from today's nurse call equipment, particularly via connectivity with both mobile devices, and ancillaries ranging from enuresis sensors to staff attack alert 'badges'.

Greater Sudbury fuel efficient driving handbook

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-12-15

Reducing the amount of fuel that people use for personal driving saves money, improves local air quality, and reduces personal contributions to climate change. This handbook was developed to be used as a tool for a fuel efficient driving pilot program in Greater Sudbury in 2009-2010. Specifically, the purpose of the handbook was to provide greater Sudbury drivers with information on how to drive and maintain their personal vehicles in order to maximize fuel efficiency. The handbook also provides tips for purchasing fuel efficient vehicles. It outlines the benefits of fuel maximization, with particular reference to reducing contributions to climate change; reducing emissions of air pollutants; safe driving; and money savings. Some tips for efficient driving are to avoid aggressive driving; use cruise control; plan trips; and remove excess weight. Tips for efficient winter driving are to avoid idling to warm up the engine; use a block heater; remove snow and ice; use snow tires; and check tire pressure. The importance of car maintenance and tire pressure was emphasized. The handbook also explains how fuel consumption ratings are developed by vehicle manufacturers. refs., figs.

Investment in body image for self-definition results in greater vulnerability to the thin media than does investment in appearance management.

Science.gov (United States)

Ip, Karen; Jarry, Josée L

2008-03-01

This study investigated the effect of thin images according to two dimensions of body-image (BI) investment. Ninety-five females were classified as high or low investors based on the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised Self-Evaluative Salience (SES) and Motivational Salience (MS) subscales. Participants viewed advertisements portraying either the thin ideal or products. Results indicated that both women high in SES and MS reported lowered appearance self-esteem but greater BI importance following thin exposures. However, only the high SES group reported greater BI dissatisfaction and importance of current-ideal discrepancies after seeing thin images. Although highly invested women (regardless of their motivation for investment) are more responsive to thin media images than are women low in investment, those invested for self-definition are affected on more dimensions than are those invested for appearance management.

Greater-than-Class C low-level waste characterization. Appendix G: Evaluation of potential for greater-than-Class C classification of irradiated hardware generated by utility-operated reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cline, J.E.

1991-08-01

This study compiles and evaluates data from many sources to expand a base of data from which to estimate the activity concentrations and volumes of greater-than-Class C low-level waste that the Department of Energy will receive from the commercial power industry. Sources of these data include measurements of irradiated hardware made by or for the utilities that was classified for disposal in commercial burial sites, measurements of neutron flux in the appropriate regions of the reactor pressure vessel, analyses of elemental constituents of the particular structural material used for the components, and the activation analysis calculations done for hardware. Evaluations include results and assumptions in the activation analyses. Sections of this report and the appendices present interpretation of data and the classification definitions and requirements

APLICACIÓN DE LA TOMA DE DECISIONES MULTICRITERIO EN LA CADENA DE CORTE, ALZA Y TIRO DE LA CAÑA DE AZÚCAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Marrero Delgado

2001-01-01

Full Text Available

La situación actual en que se encuentra la economía cubana hace necesario que se eleve su eficacia a fin de contribuir a su recuperación. Al ser esta una de las ramas principales, es imprescindible aplicar técnicas que permitan asegurar un funcionamiento óptimo de cada una de sus etapas y áreas, siendo la cadena de corte, alza y transportación de la caña de azúcar el eslabón que vincula a la agricultura con la industria y donde se incurre en una serie de costos que afectan decisivamente el costo total del proceso de obtención de azúcar; por lo que es importante evaluar la misma con varios criterios de desempeño. Por esta razón, es imprescindible el uso de la óptica multicriterio para la toma de decisiones en esta área y precisamente aquí radica el objetivo del presente trabajo, donde se presenta un modelo multimeta para evaluar el desenvolvimiento de la transportación de la caña desde el campo hasta la industria

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Mood Sensitivity to Seasonal Changes in African College Students Living in the Greater Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvaro Guzman

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of seasonality and prevalence of winter- and summer-type seasonal affective disorder (SAD in African immigrant college students in comparison with African American peers. A convenience sample of 246 African immigrants and 599 African Americans studying in Washington, D.C. completed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ, which was used to calculate a global seasonality score (GSS and to estimate the prevalence of winter- and summer-type SAD. Degree of seasonality was related to a complex interaction between having general awareness of SAD, ethnicity, and gender. A greater percentage of African students reported experiencing a problem with seasonal changes relative to African American students, and had summer SAD, but the groups did not differ on GSS and winter SAD. African students reported more difficulties with seasonal changes than their African American peers, which could represent a manifestation of incomplete acclimatization to a higher latitude and temperate climate. As Africans also had a greater rate of summer SAD, this argues against acclimatization to heat.

Observations of territorial breeding common ravens caching eggs of greater sage-grouse

Science.gov (United States)

Howe, Kristy B.; Coates, Peter S.

2015-01-01

Previous investigations using continuous video monitoring of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus nests have unambiguously identified common ravens Corvus corax as an important egg predator within the western United States. The quantity of greater sage-grouse eggs an individual common raven consumes during the nesting period and the extent to which common ravens actively hunt greater sage-grouse nests are largely unknown. However, some evidence suggests that territorial breeding common ravens, rather than nonbreeding transients, are most likely responsible for nest depredations. We describe greater sage-grouse egg depredation observations obtained opportunistically from three common raven nests located in Idaho and Nevada where depredated greater sage-grouse eggs were found at or in the immediate vicinity of the nest site, including the caching of eggs in nearby rock crevices. We opportunistically monitored these nests by counting and removing depredated eggs and shell fragments from the nest sites during each visit to determine the extent to which the common raven pairs preyed on greater sage-grouse eggs. To our knowledge, our observations represent the first evidence that breeding, territorial pairs of common ravens cache greater sage-grouse eggs and are capable of depredating multiple greater sage-grouse nests.

Comparative Education in Greater China: Contexts, Characteristics, Contrasts and Contributions.

Science.gov (United States)

Bray, Mark; Qin, Gui

2001-01-01

The evolution of comparative education in Greater China (mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau) has been influenced by size, culture, political ideologies, standard of living, and colonialism. Similarities and differences in conceptions of comparative education are identified among the four components and between Greater China and other…

Velocity Drives Greater Power Observed During Back Squat Using Cluster Sets.

Science.gov (United States)

Oliver, Jonathan M; Kreutzer, Andreas; Jenke, Shane C; Phillips, Melody D; Mitchell, Joel B; Jones, Margaret T

2016-01-01

This investigation compared the kinetics and kinematics of cluster sets (CLU) and traditional sets (TRD) during back squat in trained (RT) and untrained (UT) men. Twenty-four participants (RT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 179.1 ± 2.2 cm, 84.6 ± 2.1 kg; UT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 180.1 ± 1.8 cm, 85.4 ± 3.8 kg) performed TRD (4 × 10, 120-second rest) and CLU (4 × (2 × 5) 30 seconds between clusters; 90 seconds between sets) with 70% one repetition maximum, randomly. Kinematics and kinetics were sampled through force plate and linear position transducers. Resistance-trained produced greater overall force, velocity, and power; however, similar patterns were observed in all variables when comparing conditions. Cluster sets produced significantly greater force in isolated repetitions in sets 1-3, while consistently producing greater force due to a required reduction in load during set 4 resulting in greater total volume load (CLU, 3302.4 ± 102.7 kg; TRD, 3274.8 ± 102.8 kg). Velocity loss was lessened in CLU resulting in significantly higher velocities in sets 2 through 4. Furthermore, higher velocities were produced by CLU during later repetitions of each set. Cluster sets produced greater power output for an increasing number of repetitions in each set (set 1, 5 repetitions; sets 2 and 3, 6 repetitions; set 4, 8 repetitions), and the difference between conditions increased over subsequent sets. Time under tension increased over each set and was greater in TRD. This study demonstrates greater power output is driven by greater velocity when back squatting during CLU; therefore, velocity may be a useful measure by which to assess power.

Active convergence between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus in Georgia: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Lesser-Greater Caucasus continental collision

Science.gov (United States)

Sokhadze, G.; Floyd, M.; Godoladze, T.; King, R.; Cowgill, E. S.; Javakhishvili, Z.; Hahubia, G.; Reilinger, R.

2018-01-01

We present and interpret newly determined site motions derived from GPS observations made from 2008 through 2016 in the Republic of Georgia, which constrain the rate and locus of active shortening in the Lesser-Greater Caucasus continental collision zone. Observation sites are located along two ∼160 km-long profiles crossing the Lesser-Greater Caucasus boundary zone: one crossing the Rioni Basin in western Georgia and the other crossing further east near the longitude of Tbilisi. Convergence across the Rioni Basin Profile occurs along the southern margin of the Greater Caucasus, near the surface trace of the north-dipping Main Caucasus Thrust Fault (MCTF) system, and is consistent with strain accumulation on the fault that generated the 1991 MW6.9 Racha earthquake. In contrast, convergence along the Tbilisi Profile occurs near Tbilisi and the northern boundary of the Lesser Caucasus (near the south-dipping Lesser Caucasus Thrust Fault), approximately 50-70 km south of the MCTF, which is inactive within the resolution of geodetic observations (< ± 0.5 mm/yr) at the location of the Tbilisi Profile. We suggest that the southward offset of convergence along strike of the range is related to the incipient collision of the Lesser-Greater Caucasus, and closing of the intervening Kura Basin, which is most advanced along this segment of the collision zone. The identification of active shortening near Tbilisi requires a reevaluation of seismic hazards in this area.

A shared decision-making tool for obstructive sleep apnea without tonsillar hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Bergeron, Mathieu; Duggins, Angela L; Cohen, Aliza P; Tiemeyer, Karin; Mullen, Lisa; Crisalli, Joseph; McArthur, Angela; Ishman, Stacey L

2018-04-01

Shared decision-making is a process whereby patients and clinicians jointly establish a treatment plan integrating clinical evidence and patient values and preferences. Although this approach has been successfully employed in numerous medical disciplines, often using shared decision-making tools, otolaryngologic research assessing its use is scant. Our primary objective was therefore to determine if the tools we developed reduced decisional conflict for children with obstructive sleep apnea without tonsillar hypertrophy. Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. We enrolled consecutive patients meeting inclusion criteria who were referred to our multidisciplinary upper airway center. Study patients used a shared decision-making tool whereas controls did not. Measures of decisional conflict (SURE [Sure of myself, Understanding information, Risk benefit ratio, Encouragement], CollaboRATE, and the Decisional Conflict Scale [DCS]) were obtained pre- and postvisit. We assessed 50 families (study group = 24, controls = 26). The mean age was 8.8 ± 6.6 years, 44% were female, 86% were white, and the mean obstructive apnea-hypopnea index was 12.7 ± 15.6 events/hour. The previsit mean DCS score was similar for controls (42.7) and study patients (40.8) (P = .38). The postvisit mean DCS score for controls was 13.3 and for study patients 6.1 (P = .034). Improvement in this score was greater in the study group (P = .03). At previsit evaluation, 63% of controls and 58% of study patients were unsure about their options. Postvisit, this improved to 4.1% and 0%, respectively. Families counseled regarding treatment options using shared decision-making tools had significantly less decisional conflict than those who did not use these tools. These positive outcomes suggest that clinicians should consider integrating this approach into clinical practice. 1b. Laryngoscope, 128:1007-1015, 2018. © 2017 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

Relación entre la Expansión de los Informes Publicados por las Empresas y la Calidad de las Decisiones de los Usuarios. El Problema de la Sobrecarga de Información.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Flora Muíño Vázquez

2000-06-01

Full Text Available El énfasis en la provisión de toda aquella información relevante para los procesos de decisión de los usuarios está dando lugar a la presentación de informes tan amplios que pueden sobrecargar al individuo y deteriorar sus procesos de decisión. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar con detalle la investigación realizada hasta el momento con la finalidad de valorar la posibilidad de que en el entorno financiero se pueda presentar un problema de sobrecarga de información. A pesar de las notables diferencias existentes en el planteamiento de los trabajos revisados, a partir de sus resultados se puede concluir que, al aumentar la carga de información mejora la calidad de las decisiones de los usuarios hasta que se alcanza un determinado nivel a partir del cual el volumen de datos presentados resulta excesivo y la relación se invierte. The emphasis on providing all relevant information for users' decision making processes is leading to the publication of reports so expansive as to be in danger of overloading the individual and harming their decision making processes. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of up-to-date research in order to assess the possibility that a problem of information overload could exist in the financial environment. Despite important differences in the design of the reviewed studies, from their results we can conclude that the quality of users' decisions improves as information load increases up to a point beyond which data load becomes excessive and the direction of the relationship between these variables reverses.

Greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste characterization. Appendix A-2: Timing of greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steinke, W.F.

1994-09-01

Planning for the storage or disposal of greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) requires characterization of that waste. Timing, or the date the waste will require storage or disposal, is an integral aspect of that planning. The majority of GTCC LLW is generated by nuclear power plants, and the length of time a reactor remains operational directly affects the amount of GTCC waste expected from that reactor. This report uses data from existing literature to develop high, base, and low case estimates for the number of plants expected to experience (a) early shutdown, (b) 40-year operation, or (c) life extension to 60-year operation. The discussion includes possible effects of advanced light water reactor technology on future GTCC LLW generation. However, the main focus of this study is timing for shutdown of current technology reactors that are under construction or operating

Breeding of Greater and Lesser Flamingos at Sua Pan, Botswana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

to fledging was unknown owing to the rapid drying of the pan in late March 1999. No Greater Flamingo breeding was seen that season. Exceptional flooding during 1999–2000 produced highly favourable breeding conditions, with numbers of Greater and Lesser Flamingos breeding estimated to be 23 869 and 64 287 pairs, ...

Surgical anatomy of greater occipital nerve and its relation to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: The knowledge of the anatomy of greater occipital nerve and its relation to occipital artery is important for the surgeon. Blockage or surgical release of greater occipital nerve is clinically effective in reducing or eliminating chronic migraine symptoms. Aim: The aim of this research was to study the anatomy of ...

Surgical anatomy of greater occipital nerve and its relation to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nancy Mohamed El Sekily

2014-08-19

Aug 19, 2014 ... Abstract Introduction: The knowledge of the anatomy of greater occipital nerve and its relation to occipital artery is important for the surgeon. Blockage or surgical release of greater occipital nerve is clinically effective in reducing or eliminating chronic migraine symptoms. Aim: The aim of this research was to ...

A novel form of spontaneous tool use displayed by several captive greater vasa parrots (Coracopsis vasa).

Science.gov (United States)

Lambert, Megan L; Seed, Amanda M; Slocombe, Katie E

2015-12-01

Parrots are frequently cited for their sophisticated problem-solving abilities, but cases of habitual tool use among psittacines are scarce. We report the first evidence, to our knowledge, of tool use by greater vasa parrots (Coracopsis vasa). Several members of a captive population spontaneously adopted a novel tool-using technique by using pebbles and date pits either (i) to scrape on the inner surface of seashells, subsequently licking the resulting calcium powder from the tool, or (ii) as a wedge to break off smaller pieces of the shell for ingestion. Tool use occurred most frequently just prior to the breeding season, during which time numerous instances of tool transfer were also documented. These observations provide new insights into the tool-using capabilities of parrots and highlight the greater vasa parrot as a species of interest for studies of physical cognition. © 2015 The Author(s).

The Choice Project: Peer Workers Promoting Shared Decision Making at a Youth Mental Health Service.

Science.gov (United States)

Simmons, Magenta Bender; Batchelor, Samantha; Dimopoulos-Bick, Tara; Howe, Deb

2017-08-01

In youth mental health services, consumer participation is essential, but few implementation strategies exist to engage young consumers. This project evaluated an intervention implemented in an Australian youth mental health service that utilized peer workers to promote shared decision making via an online tool. All new clients ages 16-25 were invited to participate in this nonrandomized comparative study, which used a historical comparison group (N=80). Intervention participants (N=149) engaged with a peer worker and used the online tool before and during their intake assessment. Pre- and postintake data were collected for both groups; measures included decisional conflict, perceived shared decision making, and satisfaction. A series of paired t tests, analyses of variance, and multiple regressions were conducted to assess differences in scores across intervention and comparison groups and pre- and postintake assessments. Ratings of perceived shared decision making with intake workers were higher in the intervention group than in the comparison group (p=.015). In both groups, decisional conflict scores were significantly lower after the intake assessment (pdecision making and lower decisional conflict were associated with satisfaction (pdecision making reported feeling more involved in their assessment. Feeling involved and having lower decisional conflict after seeing an intake worker were important for client satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the importance of both peer work and shared decision making for promoting optimal outcomes in youth mental health services.

Technical concept for a Greater Confinement Disposal test facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, P.H.

1982-01-01

For the past two years, Ford, Bacon and Davis has been performing technical services for the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site in specific development of defense low-level waste management concepts for greater confinement disposal concept with particular application to arid sites. The investigations have included the development of Criteria for Greater Confinement Disposal, NVO-234, which was published in May of 1981 and the draft of the technical concept for Greater Confinement Disposal, with the latest draft published in November 1981. The final draft of the technical concept and design specifications are expected to be published imminently. The document is prerequisite to the actual construction and implementation of the demonstration facility this fiscal year. The GCD Criteria Document, NVO-234 is considered to contain information complimentary and compatible with that being developed for the reserved section 10 CFR 61.51b of the NRCs proposed licensing rule for low level waste disposal facilities

Report: Quality Control Review of EPA OIG Reports Issued in Fiscal Year 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Report #16-N-0223, July 18, 2016. OIG reports issued in FY 2015 demonstrated high levels of compliance with OIG quality assurance procedures, and received average compliance scores of 90 percent or greater.

Comparative assessment of disposal of TRU waste in a greater-confinement disposal facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohn, J.J.; Smith, C.F.; Ciminesi, F.J.; Dickman, P.T.; O'Neal, D.A.

1982-11-01

This study reviewed previous work that established generic limits for shallow land burial of TRU contaminated wastes and extended previous methodology to estimate approximate appropriate burial limits for TRU wastes in an arid zone greater confinement disposal facility (GCDF). An erosion scenario provided the limiting pathway in the previous determination of generic shallow land burial limits. Erosion removed the cover soil, exposing the waste mass to habitation and agriculture. For the deep burial concept (that is, burial at a depth greater than 10 m [33 ft]), the aquifer transport scenario was controlling. In both cases, the assumed site conditions were characteristic of a humid zone in which groundwater flows immediately below the waste deposit. In deriving limits for an arid site GCDF, either the erosion/reclaimer or the aquifer transport scenario could provide the controlling pathway, depending on the nuclide and the assumed burial depth. The derived limits were higher for the arid sited GCDF than those of the generic humid study. The physical processes that increase limits relative to the generic study include increased time during which radioactive decay occurs prior to release and increased dilution. Some nuclides were effectively unlimited in an arid zone GCDF, while others (notably Pu-239) were affected on a much smaller scale, primarily due to very long half-lives. As a final comment, the limit values derived in this report represent adjustments to the calculations of the Healy and Rodgers report (LA-UR-79-100). Those original calculations were very conservative, utilizing a worst case approach, but nevertheless involving significant levels of uncertainty in key assumptions. Consequently, the results are assumption dependent. Other approaches to such an analysis could, and should be used to develop site specific concentration limits for TRU wastes

Greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste characterization. Appendix E-5: Impact of the 1993 NRC draft Branch Technical Position on concentration averaging of greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuite, P.; Tuite, K.; Harris, G.

1994-09-01

This report evaluates the effects of concentration averaging practices on the disposal of greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) generated by the nuclear utility industry and sealed sources. Using estimates of the number of waste components that individually exceed Class C limits, this report calculates the proportion that would be classified as GTCC LLW after applying concentration averaging; this proportion is called the concentration averaging factor. The report uses the guidance outlined in the 1993 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) draft Branch Technical Position on concentration averaging, as well as waste disposal experience at nuclear utilities, to calculate the concentration averaging factors for nuclear utility wastes. The report uses the 1993 NRC draft Branch Technical Position and the criteria from the Barnwell, South Carolina, LLW disposal site to calculate concentration averaging factors for sealed sources. The report addresses three waste groups: activated metals from light water reactors, process wastes from light-water reactors, and sealed sources. For each waste group, three concentration averaging cases are considered: high, base, and low. The base case, which is the most likely case to occur, assumes using the specific guidance given in the 1993 NRC draft Branch Technical Position on concentration averaging. To project future GTCC LLW generation, each waste category is assigned a concentration averaging factor for the high, base, and low cases

Butterfly valves: greater use in power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCoy, M.

1975-01-01

Improvements in butterfly valves, particularly in the areas of automatic control and leak tightness are described. The use of butterfly valves in nuclear power plants is discussed. These uses include service in component cooling, containment cooling, and containment isolation. The outlook for further improvements and greater uses is examined. (U.S.)

A Study of the Role of Decisional Balance in Exercise Status Among Yazd’s Staff Based on Transtheoretical Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mazloomy Mahmoudabad Saeid

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Background: According to statistical evidence put forward by WHO in 2003, lack of physical activity is the reason for 1.9 million deaths in the world. More than 60% of adults in the world and more than 80% of Iranian adults do not perform sufficient levels of physical activity. Despite the great advantages of exercise a huge portion of the population of many countries do not exercise adequately thus deprived of its benefits. Transtheoretical model is identified as a comprehensive model for behavior change and decision balance is regarded as a fundamental structure of the model which centers around positive and negative behavior change consequences. In this study decision was made to check the situation of sport change process in Yazd’s staff according to Transtheoretical Model and its relation with decision balance.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 subjects were recruited. The subjects were selected through 2-stage cluster sampling-test; the instruments for data collection were a questionnaire that consisted of two parts (demographic variables and construct of TTM. Data analyzed by ANOVA and T-test through SPSS and P<0.05 was significant.Results: Results of the study on 152 males (69.1% and 68 females (30.9% with the average age of 34±8.68 indicated a significant relationship between pros and cons with stages of change (both P<0.0001 and between pros with age (P=0.004. Of 220 study group 44(20% were in pre-contemplation stage, 88 (40% in contemplation, 30(13.6% in preparation, 16(7.3% in action and 42(19.1% in maintenance stage.Conclusion: With regard to the fact that transtheoretical model has revealed a significant relationship between decisional balance and stage of change in exercise. It is proposed that accomplish educational class for employees, in order to increase pros and reduce cons of exercise.

Análisis del impacto de las decisiones en el ámbito de la dependencia mediante mapas cognitivos borrosos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ester Gutiérrez Moya

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SAAD fue creado con el fin de proporcionar un marco de protección a las personas en situación de dependencia. La prioridad de las prestaciones en servicios frente a las económicas, según la Ley, y la gestión eficiente de los recursos públicos destinados al SAAD hacían prever retornos económicos, como la generación de empleo. Las variables que influyen en la implantación del SAAD son extremadamente complejas y dinámicas, existiendo múltiples relaciones entre las mismas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la problemática de satisfacer una demanda creciente de protección al mínimo coste y aprovechar los retornos económicos mediante la lógica borrosa (mapa cognitivo borroso. Esta técnica se configura como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones en este ámbito, porque permite analizar la evolución de las variables causales hasta un estado de equilibrio. Para ello, se han ideado 4 escenarios (E1:Envejecimiento, E2: Envejecimiento y prestaciones en servicios, E3: Envejecimiento y prestaciones económicas, E4: Envejecimiento y prestación económica para cuidados en el entorno familiar, con el fin de analizar la evolución de las variables, especialmente el gasto público y el empleo. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos destacan: el envejecimiento es determinante en el incremento del gasto en todos los escenarios, pero solamente en E1 y E2 se genera empleo. La prestación residencial no se altera, ni siquiera en E2. La teleasistencia aumenta en todos los escenarios y la prestación económica por asistente personal aumenta en E1 y E2.

College students who have an eveningness preference report lower self-control and greater procrastination.

Science.gov (United States)

Digdon, Nancy L; Howell, Andrew J

2008-11-01

Previous research suggests a possible link between eveningness and general difficulties with self-regulation (e.g., evening types are more likely than other chronotypes to have irregular sleep schedules and social rhythms and use substances). Our study investigated the relationship between eveningness and self-regulation by using two standardized measures of self-regulation: the Self-Control Scale and the Procrastination Scale. We predicted that an eveningness preference would be associated with poorer self-control and greater procrastination than would an intermediate or morningness preference. Participants were 308 psychology students (mean age=19.92 yrs) at a small Canadian college. Students completed the self-regulation questionnaires and Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) online. The mean MEQ score was 46.69 (SD=8.20), which is intermediate between morningness and eveningness. MEQ scores ranged from definite morningness to definite eveningness, but the dispersion of scores was skewed toward more eveningness. Pearson and partial correlations (controlling for age) were used to assess the relationship between MEQ score and the Self-Control Scale (global score and 5 subscale scores) and Procrastination Scale (global score). All correlations were significant. The magnitude of the effects was medium for all measures except one of the Self-Control subscales, which was small. A multiple regression analysis to predict MEQ score using the Self-Control Scale (global score), Procrastination Scale, and age as predictors indicated the Self-Control Scale was a significant predictor (accounting for 20% of the variance). A multiple regression analysis to predict MEQ scores using the five subscales of the Self-Control Scale and age as predictors showed the subscales for reliability and work ethic were significant predictors (accounting for 33% of the variance). Our study showed a relationship between eveningness and low self-control, but it did not address whether the

Expatriate job performance in Greater China: Does age matter?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Selmer, Jan; Lauring, Jakob; Feng, Yunxia

to expatriates in Chinese societies. It is possible that older business expatriates will receive more respect and be treated with more deference in a Chinese cultural context than their apparently younger colleagues. This may have a positive impact on expatriates’ job performance. To empirically test...... this presumption, business expatriates in Greater Chine were targeted by a survey. Controlling for the potential bias of a number of background variables, results indicate that contextual/managerial performance, including general managerial functions applied to the subsidiary in Greater China, had a positive...

Absenteeism movement in Greater Poland in 1840–1902

OpenAIRE

Izabela Krasińska

2013-01-01

The article presents the origins and development of the idea of absenteeism in Greater Poland in the 19th century. The start date for the research is 1840, which is considered to be a breakthrough year in the history of an organized absenteeism movement in Greater Poland. It was due to the Association for the Suppression of the Use of Vodka (Towarzystwo ku Przytłumieniu Używania Wódki) in the Great Duchy of Posen that was then established in Kórnik. It was a secular organization that came int...

Gender differences in commuting behavior: Women's greater sensitivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olmo Sanchez, M.I.; Maeso Gonzalez, E.

2016-07-01

Women's greater sensitivity to changes in their environment is one of the most distinguishing features between both genders. This article raises women's greater sensitivity to the different variables which influence their commuting modal choice. In order to do this, gender gaps detected in the choice of means of transport in commuting trips with respect to the decision factors such as age, education level, driver's license, private transport access; location, household size and net income, are quantified.The results show a greater female sensitivity to the different variables that affect their modal choice, which helps to better understand the different mobility patterns and it is useful for planning measures favoring sustainable mobility policies and equity. (Author)

La inteligencia de negocios como herramienta para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en las empresas: análisis de su aplicabilidad en el contexto corporativo colombiano / Business intelligence as a tool for strategic decision making in business: analysis of its applicability in the Colombian corporate context

OpenAIRE

Martínez García, Jaime Hernán

2010-01-01

Actualmente nos encontramos y hacemos parte de una revolución tecnológica que se mueve en torno a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Como consecuencia, se habla de un cambio paradigmático el cual ha sido denominado “Sociedad de la información y el conocimiento”. Un campo de afectación particular al respecto son los sistemas de soporte a la dirección y a las decisiones, dentro del cual los sistemas de inteligencia de negocios promueven la cooperación entre la tecnología y la ges...

Relationship between width of greater trochanters and width of iliac wings in tronchanteric bursitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Viradia, Neal K; Berger, Alex A; Dahners, Laurence E

2011-09-01

Trochanteric bursitis is a common disorder that is characterized by inflammation of the bursa, superficial to the greater trochanter of the femur, leading to pain in the lateral hip, and often occurs because of acute trauma or repetitive friction involving the iliotibial band, the greater trochanter, and the bursa. In the study reported here, we hypothesized that the increased incidence of bursitis may be the result of the increased prominence of the trochanter in relation to the wings of the iliac crest. Distances between the outermost edges of trochanters and iliac wings were measured in 202 patients from the University of North Carolina Health Care System-101 without a known diagnosis and 101 with a clinical diagnosis of trochanteric bursitis. To determine significance, t tests for nonpaired data were used. Mean (SD) difference between trochanter and iliac wing widths was 28 (20) mm in the group diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis and 17 (18) mm in the control group. The difference between the groups in this regard was significant (Pbursitis group and 1.05 (.06) in the control group. The difference between these groups was significant (Pbursitis.

[Autoerotic fatalities in Greater Dusseldorf].

Science.gov (United States)

Hartung, Benno; Hellen, Florence; Borchard, Nora; Huckenbeck, Wolfgang

2011-01-01

Autoerotic fatalities in the Greater Dusseldorf area correspond to the relevant medicolegal literature. Our results included exclusively young to middle-aged, usually single men who were found dead in their city apartments. Clothing and devices used showed a great variety. Women's or fetish clothing and complex shackling or hanging devices were disproportionately frequent. In most cases, death occurred due to hanging or ligature strangulation. There was no increased incidence of underlying psychiatric disorders. In most of the deceased no or at least no remarkable alcohol intoxication was found. Occasionally, it may be difficult to reliably differentiate autoerotic accidents, accidents occurring in connection with practices of bondage & discipline, dominance & submission (BDSM) from natural death, suicide or homicide.

Radiographic features of tuberculous osteitis in greater trochanter and lschium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hahm, So Hee; Lee, Ye Ri; Kim, Dong Jin; Sung, Ki Jun; Lim, Jong Nam

1996-01-01

To evaluate, if possible, the radiographic features of tuberculous osteitis in the greater trochanter and ischium, and to determine the cause of the lesions. We reterospectively reviewed the plain radiographic findings of 14 ptients with histologically proven tuberculous osteitis involving the greater trochanter and ischium. In each case, the following were analyzed:morphology of bone destruction, including cortical erosion;periosteal reaction;presence or abscence of calcific shadows in adjacent soft tissue. On the basis of an analysis of radiographic features and correlation of the anatomy with adjacent structures we attempted to determine causes. Of the 14 cases evaluated, 12 showed varrious degrees of extrinsic erosion on the outer cortical bone of the greater trochanter and ischium ; in two cases, bone destruction was so severe that the radiographic features of advanced perforated osteomyelitis were simulated. In addition to findings of bone destruction, in these twelve cases, the presence of sequestrum or calcific shadows was seen in adjacent soft tissue. Tuberculous osteitis in the greater trochanter and ischium showed the characteristic findings of chronic extrinsic erosion. On the basis of these findings we can suggest that these lesions result from an extrinsic pathophysiologic cause such as adjacent bursitis

Radiographic features of tuberculous osteitis in greater trochanter and lschium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hahm, So Hee; Lee, Ye Ri [Hanil Hospital Affiliated to KEPCO, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Dong Jin; Sung, Ki Jun [Yonsei Univ. Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju (Korea, Republic of); Lim, Jong Nam [Konkuk Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1996-11-01

To evaluate, if possible, the radiographic features of tuberculous osteitis in the greater trochanter and ischium, and to determine the cause of the lesions. We reterospectively reviewed the plain radiographic findings of 14 ptients with histologically proven tuberculous osteitis involving the greater trochanter and ischium. In each case, the following were analyzed:morphology of bone destruction, including cortical erosion;periosteal reaction;presence or abscence of calcific shadows in adjacent soft tissue. On the basis of an analysis of radiographic features and correlation of the anatomy with adjacent structures we attempted to determine causes. Of the 14 cases evaluated, 12 showed varrious degrees of extrinsic erosion on the outer cortical bone of the greater trochanter and ischium ; in two cases, bone destruction was so severe that the radiographic features of advanced perforated osteomyelitis were simulated. In addition to findings of bone destruction, in these twelve cases, the presence of sequestrum or calcific shadows was seen in adjacent soft tissue. Tuberculous osteitis in the greater trochanter and ischium showed the characteristic findings of chronic extrinsic erosion. On the basis of these findings we can suggest that these lesions result from an extrinsic pathophysiologic cause such as adjacent bursitis.

Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics.

Science.gov (United States)

Drummond, Caitlin; Fischhoff, Baruch

2017-09-05

Although Americans generally hold science in high regard and respect its findings, for some contested issues, such as the existence of anthropogenic climate change, public opinion is polarized along religious and political lines. We ask whether individuals with more general education and greater science knowledge, measured in terms of science education and science literacy, display more (or less) polarized beliefs on several such issues. We report secondary analyses of a nationally representative dataset (the General Social Survey), examining the predictors of beliefs regarding six potentially controversial issues. We find that beliefs are correlated with both political and religious identity for stem cell research, the Big Bang, and human evolution, and with political identity alone on climate change. Individuals with greater education, science education, and science literacy display more polarized beliefs on these issues. We find little evidence of political or religious polarization regarding nanotechnology and genetically modified foods. On all six topics, people who trust the scientific enterprise more are also more likely to accept its findings. We discuss the causal mechanisms that might underlie the correlation between education and identity-based polarization.

Search for greater stability in nuclear regulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asselstine, J.K.

1985-01-01

The need for greater stability in nuclear regulation is discussed. Two possible approaches for dealing with the problems of new and rapidly changing regulatory requirements are discussed. The first approach relies on the more traditional licensing reform initiatives that have been considered off and on for the past decade. The second approach considers a new regulator philosophy aimed at the root causes of the proliferation of new safety requirements that have been imposed in recent years. For the past few years, the concepts of deregulation and regulatory reform have been in fashion in Washington, and the commercial nuclear power program has not remained unaffected. Many look to these concepts to provide greater stability in the regulatory program. The NRC, the nuclear industry and the administration have all been avidly pursuing regulatory reform initiatives, which take the form of both legislative and administrative proposals. Many of these proposals look to the future, and, if adopted, would have little impact on currently operating nuclear power plants or plants now under construction

Greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste transportation regulations and requirements study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tyacke, M.; Schmitt, R.

1993-07-01

The purpose of this report is to identify the regulations and requirements for transporting greater-than-Class C (GTCC) low-level radioactive waste (LLW) and to identify planning activities that need to be accomplished in preparation for transporting GTCC LLW. The regulations and requirements for transporting hazardous materials, of which GTCC LLW is included, are complex and include several Federal agencies, state and local governments, and Indian tribes. This report is divided into five sections and three appendices. Section 1 introduces the report. Section 2 identifies and discusses the transportation regulations and requirements. The regulations and requirements are divided into Federal, state, local government, and Indian tribes subsections. This report does not identify the regulations or requirements of specific state, local government, and Indian tribes, since the storage, treatment, and disposal facility locations and transportation routes have not been specifically identified. Section 3 identifies the planning needed to ensure that all transportation activities are in compliance with the regulations and requirements. It is divided into (a) transportation packaging; (b) transportation operations; (c) system safety and risk analysis, (d) route selection; (e) emergency preparedness and response; and (f) safeguards and security. This section does not provide actual planning since the details of the Department of Energy (DOE) GTCC LLW Program have not been finalized, e.g., waste characterization and quantity, storage, treatment and disposal facility locations, and acceptance criteria. Sections 4 and 5 provide conclusions and referenced documents, respectively

Greater impairment of postprandial triacylglycerol than glucose response in metabolic syndrome subjects with fasting hyperglycaemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Kim G; Walden, Charlotte M; Murray, Peter; Smith, Adrian M; Minihane, Anne M; Lovegrove, Julie A; Williams, Christine M

2013-08-01

Studies have started to question whether a specific component or combinations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components may be more important in relation to cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to examine the impact of the presence of raised fasting glucose as a MetS component on postprandial lipaemia. Men classified with the MetS underwent a sequential test meal investigation, in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (t=0 min) and lunch (t=330 min). Lipids, glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting and postprandial samples. MetS subjects with 3 or 4 components were subdivided into those without (n=34) and with (n=23) fasting hyperglycaemia (≥5.6 mmol/l), irrespective of the combination of components. Fasting lipids and insulin were similar in the two groups, with glucose significantly higher in the men with glucose as a MetS component (Pcurve (AUC) and incremental AUC (P ≤0.016) for the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) response in men with fasting hyperglycaemia. Greater glucose AUC (Pglucose to be an important predictor of the postprandial TAG and glucose response. Our data analysis has revealed a greater impairment of postprandial TAG than glucose response in MetS subjects with raised fasting glucose. The worsening of postprandial lipaemic control may contribute to the greater CVD risk reported in individuals with MetS component combinations which include hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Greater carbon stocks and faster turnover rates with increasing agricultural productivity

Science.gov (United States)

Sanderman, J.; Fallon, S.; Baisden, T. W.

2013-12-01

H.H. Janzen (2006) eloquently argued that from an agricultural perspective there is a tradeoff between storing carbon as soil organic matter (SOM) and the soil nutrient and energy benefit provided during SOM mineralization. Here we report on results from the Permanent Rotation Trial at the Waite Agricultural Institute, South Australia, indicating that shifting to an agricultural management strategy which returns more carbon to the soil, not only leads to greater carbon stocks but also increases the rate of carbon cycling through the soil. The Permanent Rotation Trial was established on a red Chromosol in 1925 with upgrades made to several treatments in 1948. Decadal soil samples were collected starting in 1963 at two depths, 0-10 and 10-22.5 cm, by compositing 20 soil cores taken along the length of each plot. We have chosen to analyze five trials representing a gradient in productivity: permanent pasture (Pa), wheat-pasture rotation (2W4Pa), continuous wheat (WW), wheat-oats-fallow rotation (WOF) and wheat-fallow (WF). For each of the soil samples (40 in total), the radiocarbon activity in the bulk soil as well as size-fractionated samples was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry at ANU's Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory (Fallon et al. 2010). After nearly 70 years under each rotation, SOC stocks increased linearly with productivity data across the trials from 24 to 58 tC ha-1. Importantly, these differences were due to greater losses over time in the low productivity trials rather than gains in SOC in any of the trials. Uptake of the bomb-spike in atmospheric 14C into the soil was greatest in the trials with the greatest productivity. The coarse size fraction always had greater Δ14C values than the bulk soil samples. Several different multi-pool steady state and non-steady state models were used to interpret the Δ14C data in terms of SOC turnover rates. Regardless of model choice, either the decay rates of all pools needed to increase or the allocation of C to

Factors influencing the adolescent pregnancy rate in the Greater Giyani Municipality, Limpopo Province – South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenny Mushwana

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A quantitative, descriptive and explorative survey was conducted to determine factors that influence adolescent pregnancy rate among teenage girls (n = 147 attending four high schools in the Greater Giyani Municipality in South Africa. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire which had a reliability of 0.65. Response frequency distributions, two-way frequency tables, Chi-square tests and Cochran–Armitage Trend Tests were used to determine the effect with the demographic characteristics of participants. Participants reported that health services were not conveniently available for them. Their relationship with nurses was poor (p < 0.05 as reported by 73% of participants with regard to maintenance of confidentiality. Participants reported key psychosocial variables such as inadequate sexual knowledge (61%, changing attitudes towards sex (58.9% and peer pressure (56.3% as contributory to high pregnancy rate. Recommendations were made to improve school health services, reproductive education in school curricula focussing on reproductive health, sexuality and guidance for future research.

Greater sage-grouse science (2015–17)—Synthesis and potential management implications

Science.gov (United States)

Hanser, Steven E.; Deibert, Patricia A.; Tull, John C.; Carr, Natasha B.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Bargsten, Travis D.; Christiansen, Thomas J.; Coates, Peter S.; Crist, Michele R.; Doherty, Kevin E.; Ellsworth, Ethan A.; Foster, Lee J.; Herren, Vicki A.; Miller, Kevin H.; Moser, Ann; Naeve, Robin M.; Prentice, Karen L.; Remington, Thomas E.; Ricca, Mark A.; Shinneman, Douglas J.; Truex, Richard L.; Wiechman , Lief A.; Wilson, Dereck C.; Bowen, Zachary H.

2018-02-15

Strategy Actionable Science Plan Team, 2016).In October 2017, after a review of the 2015 Federal plans relative to State sage-grouse plans, in accordance with Secretarial Order 3353, the BLM issued a notice of intent to consider whether to amend some, all, or none of the 2015 land use plans. At that time, the BLM requested the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to inform this effort through the development of an annotated bibliography of sage-grouse science published since January 2015 and a report that synthesized and outlined the potential management implications of this new science. Development of the annotated bibliography resulted in the identification and summarization of 169 peer-reviewed scientific publications and reports. The USGS then convened an interagency team (hereafter referred to as the “team”) to develop this report that focuses on the primary topics of importance to the ongoing management of sage-grouse and their habitats.The team developed this report in a three-step process. First, the team identified six primary topic areas for discussion based on the members’ collective knowledge regarding sage-grouse, their habitats, and threats to either or both. Second, the team reviewed all the material in the “Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Published since January 2015” to identify the science that addressed the topics. Third, team members discussed the science related to each topic, evaluated the consistency of the science with existing knowledge before 2015, and summarized the potential management implications of this science. The six primary topics identified by the team were:Multiscale habitat suitability and mapping toolsDiscrete anthropogenic activitiesDiffuse activitiesFire and invasive speciesRestoration effectivenessPopulation estimation and genetics

Hospitals with greater diversities of physiologically complex procedures do not achieve greater surgical growth in a market with stable numbers of such procedures.

Science.gov (United States)

Dexter, Franklin; Epstein, Richard H; Lubarsky, David A

2018-05-01

Although having a large diversity of types of procedures has a substantial operational impact on the surgical suites of hospitals, the strategic importance is unknown. In the current study, we used longitudinal data for all hospitals and patient ages in the State of Florida to evaluate whether hospitals with greater diversity of types of physiologically complex major therapeutic procedures (PCMTP) also had greater rates of surgical growth. Observational cohort study. 1479 combinations of hospitals in the State of Florida and fiscal years, 2008-2015. The types of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedures studied were PCMT, defined as: a) major therapeutic procedure; b) >7 American Society of Anesthesiologists base units; and c) performed during a hospitalization with a Diagnosis Related Group with a mean length of stay ≥4.0days. The number of procedures of each type of PCMTP commonly performed at each hospital was calculated by taking 1/Herfindahl index (i.e., sum of the squares of the proportions of all procedures of each type of PCMTP). Over the 8 successive years studied, there was no change in the number of PCMTP being performed (Kendall's τ b =-0.014±0.017 [standard error], P=0.44; N=1479 hospital×years). Busier and larger hospitals commonly performed more types of PCMTP, respectively categorized based on performed PCMTP (τ=0.606±0.017, P<0.0001) or hospital beds (τ=0.524±0.017, P<0.0001). There was no association between greater diversity of types of PCMTP commonly performed and greater annual growth in numbers of PCMTP (τ=0.002±0.019, P=0.91; N=1295 hospital×years). Conclusions were the same with multiple sensitivity analyses. Post hoc, it was recognized that hospitals performing a greater diversity of PCMTP were more similar to the aggregate of other hospitals within the same health district (τ=0.550±0.017, P<0.0001). During a period with no overall growth in PCMTP, hospitals with

Evaluation of Department of Energy-held potential Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-03-01

A number of commercial facilities have generated potential Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste (GTCC LLW), and through contractual arrangements with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and/or for health and safety reasons, the waste is being stored by DOE. A determination is required, considering specific circumstances under which DOE accepted the waste, whether disposal is a US Nuclear Regulatory Commission-licensed facility or by DOE in a nonlicensed facility is appropriate. This report presents the preliminary results of an assessment conducted by EG ampersand G Idaho, Inc. legal counsel and GTCC LLW Program staff

For a Greater Horn of Africa Sea Patrol

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Struwe, Lars Bangert

Patrol. The capacity and resources devoted by the individual states, alliances and organisations to combating piracy could be used more efficiently by establishing a regional unit: a Greater Horn of Africa Sea Patrol (GHASP). GHASP could be built up on a regional basis founded on the states in and around...... of Somalia. Experience from the Absalon and Thetis missions shows that the use of helicopters combined with boarding and landing elements from the Danish Navy Frogman Corps are effective in combating attacks by pirates. Irrespective of whether there is a decision to act or react, the boarding and landing...... elements in particular should be strengthened. This would also strengthen participation in future international operations, such as controlling ships, for instance. A final recommendation is to: • Initiate research into the generic characteristics of piracy. This report also shows that we know too little...

Decision Making of Women with Recurrent Breast Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

2005-10-01

Loomes & Sugden, 1982; Zeelenberg , 1999) that a certain proportion of women would experience decisional regret at the time of recurrence, these data...breast cancer (e.g., Bell, 1982; Zeelenberg , 1999). REPORTABLE OUTCOMES: • Peer-reviewed Oral Presentations a. Looking Ahead – Looking

Spirituality is associated with less treatment regret in men with localized prostate cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Mollica, Michelle A; Underwood, Willie; Homish, Gregory G; Homish, D Lynn; Orom, Heather

2017-11-01

Some patients with prostate cancer regret their treatment choice. Treatment regret is associated with lower physical and mental quality of life. We investigated whether, in men with prostate cancer, spirituality is associated with lower decisional regret 6 months after treatment and whether this is, in part, because men with stronger spiritual beliefs experience lower decisional conflict when they are deciding how to treat their cancer. One thousand ninety three patients with prostate cancer (84% white, 10% black, and 6% Hispanic; mean age = 63.18; SD = 7.75) completed measures of spiritual beliefs and decisional conflict after diagnosis and decisional regret 6 months after treatment. We used multivariable linear regression to test whether there is an association between spirituality and decisional regret and structural equation modeling to test whether decisional conflict mediated this relationship. Stronger spiritual beliefs were associated with less decisional regret (b = -0.39, 95% CI = -0.53, -0.26, P conflict partially (38%) mediated the effect of spirituality on regret (indirect effect: b = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.21, -0.12, P Spirituality may help men feel less conflicted about their cancer treatment decisions and ultimately experience less decisional regret. Psychosocial support post-diagnosis could include clarification of spiritual values and opportunities to reappraise the treatment decision-making challenge in light of these beliefs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Petro-Canada 2004 strategic overview report : building our portfolio assets for greater profitability today and tomorrow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

Financial information from Petro-Canada was presented and a review of their 2004 operations was made available for the benefit of shareholders. Petro-Canada is focused on 5 core businesses that include: North American gas; east coast oil; oil sands development; international business; and downstream operations. Highlights from 2004 for each of these core business areas were presented. In 2003, record earnings from operations and cash flows were reported at more than $1.9 billion. Upstream production of 451,100 barrels of oil equivalent per day was reported in 2004. This surpassed planned production volumes in 2004 and more than replaced reserves. Refined petroleum product sales were 56,600 cubic metres per day. Highlights for the company for 2004 include the purchase of a coalbed methane and tight bas business in the U.S. Rockies, the acquisition of unconventional land positions in Western Canada and plans to jointly develop a liquefied natural gas re-gasification terminal in Quebec. This report summarized the company's energy resource activities and presented an operations review as well as consolidated financial statements, and common share information including the accounts of Petro-Canada and its subsidiaries and the company's proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of joint ventures. Revenue and expenditure statements were summarized by source. tabs., figs

How the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model Works: Creating Greater Alignment, Integration, and Collaboration between Health and Education

Science.gov (United States)

Chiang, Rachelle Johnsson; Meagher, Whitney; Slade, Sean

2015-01-01

Background: The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model calls for greater collaboration across the community, school, and health sectors to meet the needs and support the full potential of each child. This article reports on how 3 states and 2 local school districts have implemented aspects of the WSCC model through collaboration,…

Sonography of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and the rarity of primary bursitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Long, Suzanne S; Surrey, David E; Nazarian, Levon N

2013-11-01

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a common condition with clinical features of pain and tenderness at the lateral aspect of the hip. Diagnosing the origin of greater trochanteric pain is important because the treatment varies depending on the cause. We hypothesized that sonographic evaluation of sources for greater trochanteric pain syndrome would show that bursitis was not the most commonly encountered abnormality. We performed a retrospective review of musculoskeletal sonographic examinations performed at our institution over a 6-year period for greater trochanteric pain syndrome; completed a tabulation of the sonographic findings; and assessed the prevalence of trochanteric bursitis, gluteal tendon abnormalities, iliotibial band abnormalities, or a combination of findings. Prevalence of abnormal findings, associations of bursitis, gluteal tendinosis, gluteal tendon tears, and iliotibial band abnormalities were calculated. The final study population consisted of 877 unique patients: 602 women, 275 men; average age, 54 years; and age range, 15-87 years). Of the 877 patients with greater trochanteric pain, 700 (79.8%) did not have bursitis on ultrasound. A minority of patients (177, 20.2%) had trochanteric bursitis. Of the 877 patients with greater trochanteric pain, 438 (49.9%) had gluteal tendinosis, four (0.5%) had gluteal tendon tears, and 250 (28.5%) had a thickened iliotibial band. The cause of greater trochanteric pain syndrome is usually some combination of pathology involving the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendons as well as the iliotibial band. Bursitis is present in only the minority of patients. These findings have implications for treatment of this common condition.

Multiobjective planning for the irrigation districts of Mexico. Execution of a decision support system; Planeacion multiobjetivo en los distritos de riego de Mexico. Aplicacion de un sistema de auxilio para la toma de decisiones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez-Cohen, Ignacio; Macias-Rodriguez, Hilario; Gonzalez-Cervantes, Guillermo; Mendoza-Moreno, Segundo F.; Inzunza, Marco A.; Estrada-Avalos, Juan [Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria en Relaciones Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmosfera INIFAP (Mexico); Heilman, Phil [Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos de Norteamerica (United States)

2006-07-15

The problem of agreement among interests in the management of natural resources is complex with interactions difficult to measure. Watershed users have several objectives that impact in the short run the environment. Multi objective decision theory considers interest, options and impacts of possible actions. Considering that the Irrigation Districts (ID) are the lower end of the gradient that defines a watershed, the ID 017 was used as study case for use of the Decision Support System called Facilitator which is a software tool to support decision making processes with the use of decision alternatives, order of hierarchy, score functions and linear programming for identifying best decision alternatives for the management of a given problem. For the Irrigation District 017, it has been concluded that to help solve the overall problem of irrigation water productivity, first water needs to be priced, to train water users and delivering water by volume. Out of the eight alternatives analyzed, all did score better than the actual management. [Spanish] El problema de conciliar los intereses en el manejo de recursos naturales es complejo y con interacciones dificiles de cuantificar. Los usuarios de las cuencas hidrologicas manifiestan multiples objetivos con el consecuente impacto en el corto plazo. La teoria de decision multi-objetivo viene a solventar parcialmente la situacion, al considerar todos los intereses, opciones e impactos de posibles acciones. Considerando que los distritos de riego (DR) constituyen la parte baja del gradiente hidrologico que definen las cuencas, se planteo como estudio de caso al DR 017 de la Comarca Lagunera para la aplicacion del Sistema de Ayuda para Toma de Decisiones (DSS), el cual es un software que apoya la toma de decisiones individuales o grupales con la utilizacion de alternativas de decision, una jerarquizacion de los rangos de los criterios de decision, funciones de escore y programacion lineal para identificar las mejores

Potential co-disposal of greater-than-class C low-level radioactive waste with Department of Energy special case waste - greater-than-class C low-level waste management program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allred, W.E.

1994-09-01

This document evaluates the feasibility of co-disposing of greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW) with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) special case waste (SCW). This document: (1) Discusses and evaluates key issues concerning co-disposal of GTCC LLW with SCW. This includes examining these issues in terms of regulatory concerns, technical feasibility, and economics; (2) Examines advantages and disadvantages of such co-disposal; and (3) Makes recommendations. Research and analysis of the issues presented in this report indicate that it would be technically and economically feasible to co-dispose of GTCC LLW with DOE SCW. However, a dilemma will likely arise in the current division of regulatory responsibilities between the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and DOE (i.e., current requirement for disposal of GTCC LLW in a facility licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission). DOE SCW is currently not subject to this licensing requirement

Ecology of greater sage-grouse in the Dakotas

Science.gov (United States)

Christopher C. Swanson

2009-01-01

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations and the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) communities that they rely on have dramatically declined from historic levels. Moreover, information regarding sage-grouse annual life-history requirements at the eastern-most extension of sagebrush steppe communities is lacking....

Nesting success and resource selection of Greater Sage-Grouse [chapter 8

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholas W. Kaczor; Kent C. Jensen; Robert W. Klaver; Mark A. Rumble; Katie M. Herman-Brunson; Christopher C. Swanson

2011-01-01

Declines of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in South Dakota are a concern because further population declines may lead to isolation from populations in Wyoming and Montana. Furthermore, little information exists about reproductive ecology and resource selection of sage grouse on the eastern edge of their distribution. We investigated Greater Sage-Grouse...

Resource selection during brood-rearing by Greater Sage-Grouse [chapter 12

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholas W. Kaczor; Katie M. Herman-Brunson; Kent C. Jensen; Mark A. Rumble; Robert W. Klaver; Christopher C. Swanson

2011-01-01

Understanding population dynamics and resource selection is crucial in developing wildlife resource management plans for sensitive species such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Little is known about sage grouse habitats on the eastern edge of their range. We investigated resource selection of Greater Sage-Grouse during brood- rearing in North and...

Evaluation and review of planning for greater-confinement disposal by the Independent Peer Review Committee, July 9-10, 1985. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-07-01

This evaluation and review was performed under contract by Argonne National Laboratory in support of their role for developing the ''Planning for Greater Confinement Disposal'' Document for the Low-Level Waste Management Program Office for the Department of Energy, Office of Defense Waste and Byproducts Management. The Independent Peer Review Committee was composed of 13 well-qualified and recognized experts in their fields and pertinent disciplines, collectively representing considerable expertise and experience in waste disposal operations, waste management, environmental assessment and impact analysis, and other aspects of radioactive waste disposal. The members of the Peer Review Committee, their organizations, and thier area of expertise are given in Appendix 1. The general consensus of the Independent Review Committee was that the ''Planning for Greater-Confinement Disposal'' document was reasonably comprehensive, covering nearly all topics necessary to provide a good planning guide. There is, however, a definite need to reorganize the document into two volumes with appendices and the relationship of the GCD document to other LLWMP documents needs to be clarified in the introductory volume. Specific recommendations made by the committee on the DCD document are given in Section 3.2. Recommendations by the committee that have a somewhat broader scope than just the GCD document are given in Section 3.3

Very Low Birthweight: Dysregulated gestation versus evolutionary adaptation

Science.gov (United States)

Catalano, Ralph; Karasek, Deborah; Gemmill, Alison; Falconi, April; Goodman, Julia; Magganas, Aristotle; Hartig, Terry

2015-01-01

Much medical literature attributes persistently high rates of very low birthweight (VLBW) to “dysregulated” gestation. We offer the alternative view that natural selection conserved well-regulated, though nonconscious, decisional biology that protects the reproductive fitness of women by spontaneously aborting gestations that would otherwise yield frail infants, particularly small males. Modern obstetric practice, however, converts some fraction of these erstwhile spontaneous abortions into live births of very small infants. We further propose that the nonconscious decisional biology of gestation exhibits preferences also seen in consciously made decisions. We hypothesize that the incidence of VLBW among male infants should vary with the population's self-reported intentions to assume financial risk. We apply time-series modeling to monthly birth counts by sex and weight from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry between January 1993 and December 2010. We gauge risk aversion with monthly data from the Micro Index of the Swedish Consumer Tendency Survey (MISCT). Consistent with our argument that nonconscious decisional biology shares risk aversion with conscious decisions, we find that the incidence of VLBW among male infants in Sweden varies with the population's self-reported intentions to assume financial risk. We find increases above expected odds of a very low weight infant among males born 1 month after increases above expected levels of self-reported risk aversion in the Swedish population. We offer this finding as support for the argument that persistently high rates of VLBW arise, at least in part, from a combination of medical interventions and mechanisms conserved by natural selection to protect reproductive fitness. PMID:24593927

Evaluation of Department of Energy-Held Potential Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Revision 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-09-01

A number of commercial facilities have generated potential greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW), and, through contractual arrangements with the US Department of Energy (DOE) or for health and safety reasons, DOE is storing the waste. This report presents the results of an assessment conducted by the GTCC LLW Management Program to consider specific circumstances under which DOE accepted the waste, and to determine whether disposal in a facility licensed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or by DOE in a nonlicensed facility, is appropriate. Input from EG ampersand G Idaho, Inc., and DOE Idaho Operations Office legal departments concerning the disposal requirements of this waste were the basis for the decision process used in this report

Evaluation of Department of Energy-Held Potential Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Revision 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-09-01

A number of commercial facilities have generated potential greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC LLW), and, through contractual arrangements with the US Department of Energy (DOE) or for health and safety reasons, DOE is storing the waste. This report presents the results of an assessment conducted by the GTCC LLW Management Program to consider specific circumstances under which DOE accepted the waste, and to determine whether disposal in a facility licensed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or by DOE in a nonlicensed facility, is appropriate. Input from EG&G Idaho, Inc., and DOE Idaho Operations Office legal departments concerning the disposal requirements of this waste were the basis for the decision process used in this report.

Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

Although Americans generally hold science in high regard and respect its findings, for some contested issues, such as the existence of anthropogenic climate change, public opinion is polarized along religious and political lines. We ask whether individuals with more general education and greater science knowledge, measured in terms of science education and science literacy, display more (or less) polarized beliefs on several such issues. We report secondary analyses of a nationally representative dataset (the General Social Survey), examining the predictors of beliefs regarding six potentially controversial issues. We find that beliefs are correlated with both political and religious identity for stem cell research, the Big Bang, and human evolution, and with political identity alone on climate change. Individuals with greater education, science education, and science literacy display more polarized beliefs on these issues. We find little evidence of political or religious polarization regarding nanotechnology and genetically modified foods. On all six topics, people who trust the scientific enterprise more are also more likely to accept its findings. We discuss the causal mechanisms that might underlie the correlation between education and identity-based polarization. PMID:28827344

Relationship of depression and anxiety to cancer patients' medical decision-making.

Science.gov (United States)

Petersen, Suni; Schwartz, Robert C; Sherman-Slate, Elisabeth; Frost, Hanna; Straub, Jamie L; Damjanov, Nevena

2003-10-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of depression and anxiety to cancer patients' medical decision-making. Participants were 79 rural and urban cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The four decisional styles of the Decisional Processing Model were the independent variables. Dependent variables were anxiety and depression, measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety and the Center for Disease Control Depression Scale, respectively. Consistent with the Decisional Processing Model, analysis suggested that patients make medical decisions by information seeking, information processing, advice following, or ruminating. Decisional style did not vary according to type or stage of cancer, prognosis, time elapsed since initial diagnosis, or whether cancer was initial or recurrent. Decisional style did not systematically vary with depression and anxiety suggesting how a person makes decisions is a stable personality trait. Thus, decision-making may follow a cognitive schema. It is likely that patients' decisional styles help to manage anxiety and depression when confronted with life-threatening illness. Implications for informed consent and patients' involvement in decision-making are discussed.

Implicatiile factorilor cognitivi şi de personalitate în luarea deciziilor – un model teoretico-explicativ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delia Vîrgă

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed to show the influence of cognitive and non-cognitive factors on decisional efficiency through the design of a theoretical-explicative model and by testing it against reality. This model reflects the link between cognitive variables, personality variables and decisional performance. The participants in this study (N=88 are managers in a IT&C company and have an average age of 32.3 years and a average working seniority of 8.6 years, 74.9% being males and 25.1 % being females. The instruments used were California Psychological Inventory (CPI 260 items form, a questionnaire for assessing the decisional style, a decision making questionnaire, decisional skills test (BTPAC, and Raven standard test, Plus form, a questionnaire for assessing cognitive complexity and Melbourne decision making questionnaire. In order to evaluate decisional performance I developed an behaviorally anchored scale. The evaluation of cognitive competencies, defined in behavioral terms like decision making performance and cognitive complexity, together with the personality dimensions, help us to select managers with an increased adaptive orientation to organizational change and a better decisional performance.

Defining greater-than-class-C low-level radioactive waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knecht, M.A.; Oztunali, O.I.

1986-01-01

The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (LLRWPAA) was signed by President Reagan on January 15, 1986. This act requires the federal government to be responsible for the disposal of greater-than-class-C low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) that is generated commercially by state agencies and by federal entities (other than waste generated by atomic weapons research, development, or testing, or by decommissioning of vessels of the nuclear navy). To plan for disposal, the federal government will require estimates of the volume of waste involved and characterization of this waste. A clear definition of greater-than-class-C LLRW is the first step in determining what wastes will be included in the waste to be received by the federal government. This definition will influence major policy decisions to be made for management of such waste. The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing information on greater-than-class-C LLRW in view of the current definition of such waste and potential changes in this definition - for example, an upper limit on the concentrations of radionuclides in LLRW. The paper identifies further information needs to develop a clear definition of such waste for use in federal planning for acceptance of responsibility for disposal of such waste

Psychosocial changes in the Mississippi communities for healthy living (MCHL) nutrition intervention

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychosocial changes reported by participants in a nutrition education intervention in the Lower Mississippi Delta. The psychosocial constructs such as decisional balance (DB), self-efficacy (SE), and social support (SS) are correlated with fruit and ve...

Job-Sharing at the Greater Victoria Public Library.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Don

1978-01-01

Describes the problems associated with the management of part-time library employees and some solutions afforded by a job sharing arrangement in use at the Greater Victoria Public Library. This is a voluntary work arrangement, changing formerly full-time positions into multiple part-time positions. (JVP)

Prostate cancer cell lines under hypoxia exhibit greater stem-like properties.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuanyuan Ma

Full Text Available Hypoxia is an important environmental change in many cancers. Hypoxic niches can be occupied by cancer stem/progenitor-like cells that are associated with tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, it has not yet been fully elucidated how hypoxia influences the stem-like properties of prostate cancer cells. In this report, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. In comparison to normoxia (20% O(2, 7% O(2 induced higher expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which were associated with upregulation of Oct3/4 and Nanog; 1% O(2 induced even greater levels of these factors. The upregulated NANOG mRNA expression in hypoxia was confirmed to be predominantly retrogene NANOGP8. Similar growth rates were observed for cells cultivated under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 48 hours; however, the colony formation assay revealed that 48 hours of hypoxic pretreatment resulted in the formation of more colonies. Treatment with 1% O(2 also extended the G(0/G(1 stage, resulting in more side population cells, and induced CD44 and ABCG2 expressions. Hypoxia also increased the number of cells positive for ABCG2 expression, which were predominantly found to be CD44(bright cells. Correspondingly, the sorted CD44(bright cells expressed higher levels of ABCG2, Oct3/4, and Nanog than CD44(dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of these factors. CD44(bright cells under normoxia formed significantly more colonies and spheres compared with the CD44(dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment even increased this effect. Our data indicate that prostate cancer cells under hypoxia possess greater stem-like properties.

Women at greater risk of HIV infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahathir, M

1997-04-01

Although many people believe that mainly men get infected with HIV/AIDS, women are actually getting infected at a faster rate than men, especially in developing countries, and suffer more from the adverse impact of AIDS. As of mid-1996, the Joint UN Program on AIDS estimated that more than 10 million of the 25 million adults infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic are women. The proportion of HIV-positive women is growing, with almost half of the 7500 new infections daily occurring among women. 90% of HIV-positive women live in a developing country. In Asia-Pacific, 1.4 million women have been infected with HIV out of an estimated total 3.08 million adults from the late 1970s until late 1994. Biologically, women are more vulnerable than men to infection because of the greater mucus area exposed to HIV during penile penetration. Women under age 17 years are at even greater risk because they have an underdeveloped cervix and low vaginal mucus production. Concurrent sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk of HIV transmission. Women's risk is also related to their exposure to gender inequalities in society. The social and economic pressures of poverty exacerbate women's risk. Prevention programs are discussed.

LA COMUNICACIÓN DURANTE LA INTERVENCIÓN DIDÁCTICA DEL ENTRENADOR. CONSIDERACIONES PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL CONOCIMIENTO TÁCTICO Y LA MEJORA EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN BALONCESTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Damián Iglesias

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El rendimiento deportivo en baloncesto depende de múltiples factores, de diferente naturaleza: motriz, física, psicológica. Tras muchos años en los que la principal preocupación de los técnicos fue el desarrollo de las destrezas motoras, la producción científica reciente ha demostrado la importancia de los procesos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones, la necesidad de fomentar estrategias orientadas a proporcionar autonomía al jugador o la influencia decisiva de las emociones en la elección adecuada de las respuestas. Bajo este prisma se ha producido un cambio sustancial en el proceso de entrenamiento que contempla los procesos cognitivos asociados a las habilidades perceptivas y tácticas como un factor fundamental vinculado al rendimiento. En el presente artículo se aborda el rol que debe desempeñar el entrenador durante su intervención didáctica, con un especial interés en los procesos de comunicación, como medio para conducir al deportista en la construcción del conocimiento, el descubrimiento de las soluciones a los problemas de juego y, por tanto, el desarrollo de los mecanismos cognitivos necesarios para ello.

Adolescent gambling in greater Athens area: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Anagnostopoulos, Dimitris C; Lazaratou, Helen; Paleologou, Mina P; Peppou, Lily E; Economou, Marina; Malliori, Melpomeni; Papadimitriou, George N; Papageorgiou, Charalampos

2017-11-01

Problem gambling in adolescents has recently emerged as a pressing public health concern. In this context and in light of the pervasive financial crisis in Greece, the present study aimed to explore adolescents' gambling involvement in Athens region to estimate the prevalence of its problematic form and to identify its risk/protective factors. A total of 2141 students were recruited from a representative sample of 51 schools located in greater Athens area. The presence of problem gambling was assessed through the use of the DSM-IV-MR-J questionnaire. Data were collected in the form of a self-reported questionnaire during one school hour. Results indicate that 1-year prevalence of high severity problem gambling was found to be 5.6%. Regarding the risk factors for problem gambling; male gender, parental engagement with gambling activities, living without the parents, low grades at school, foreign nationality and the referent absence of availability of food in the household, increased the risk of suffering from the disorder. Gambling behavior among adolescents constitutes a problem in Greece and highlights the need for designing and implementing appropriate preventive interventions, especially amid the ongoing financial crisis.

Overview of Milestone E activities, greater confinement than shallow land burial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mezga, L.J.

1981-01-01

In summary, the objective of Milestone E is to provide the technology and documentation needed to open a site providing greater confinement than shallow land burial. To that end, ORNL has prepared a technical position paper defining greater confinement disposal, options for achieving it, and the need for this disposal technology. In order to meet the objective of the milestones, the LLWMP evaluated the full range of options to shallow land burial and decided to focus on a combination of greater depth solidification containment and engineered barriers. The program identified a series of research needs and then focused program efforts on resolving those needs. These tasks are proceeding on schedule at this time but budget reductions may have an impact on our ability to maintain the schedule

Fluid cognitive ability is associated with greater exposure and smaller reactions to daily stressors.

Science.gov (United States)

Stawski, Robert S; Almeida, David M; Lachman, Margie E; Tun, Patricia A; Rosnick, Christopher B

2010-06-01

The authors of this study investigated whether fluid cognitive ability predicts exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors. A national sample of adults from the Midlife in the United States study and the National Study of Daily Experiences (N = 1,202) who had a mean age of 57 years (SD = 12; 56% women, 44% men) completed positive and negative mood reports as well as a stressor diary on 8 consecutive evenings via telephone. Participants also completed a telephone-based battery of tests measuring fluid cognitive ability. Higher levels of fluid cognitive ability were associated with greater exposure to work- and home-related overload stressors. Possessing higher levels of fluid cognitive ability was associated with smaller stressor-related increases in negative mood, primarily for interpersonal tensions and network stressors, and smaller stressor-related decreases in positive mood for interpersonal tensions. Furthermore, fluid cognitive ability was unrelated to subjective severity ratings of the stressors reported. Discussion focuses on the role of fluid cognitive ability in daily stress processes. (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

[Hearing loss in urban transportation workers in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil].

Science.gov (United States)

Medeiros, Adriane Mesquita de; Assunção, Ada Ávila; Santos, Juliana Nunes

2015-09-01

This study analyzed the association between self-reported diagnosis of hearing loss and individual and occupational factors among urban transportation workers in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The sample size was calculated by quotas and stratified by occupation (drivers and fare collectors) in the urban transportation companies in Belo Horizonte, Betim, and Contagem. Data were collected with face-to-face interviews and recorded by the interviewers on netbooks. The dependent variable was defined as an affirmative response to the question on prevailing medical diagnosis of hearing loss. The independent variables were organized in three blocks: social and demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and work aspects. Diagnosis of hearing loss was reported by 213 of the 1,527 workers and was associated with age and diagnosis of tinnitus. At the occupational level, hearing loss was associated with history of sick leave, time-on-the-job, and two environmental risks, unbearable noise and whole-body vibration. Measures to prevent hearing loss are needed for urban transportation workers.

Predicting Greater Prairie-Chicken Lek Site Suitability to Inform Conservation Actions.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Torre J Hovick

Full Text Available The demands of a growing human population dictates that expansion of energy infrastructure, roads, and other development frequently takes place in native rangelands. Particularly, transmission lines and roads commonly divide rural landscapes and increase fragmentation. This has direct and indirect consequences on native wildlife that can be mitigated through thoughtful planning and proactive approaches to identifying areas of high conservation priority. We used nine years (2003-2011 of Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido lek locations totaling 870 unique leks sites in Kansas and seven geographic information system (GIS layers describing land cover, topography, and anthropogenic structures to model habitat suitability across the state. The models obtained had low omission rates (0.81, indicating high model performance and reliability of predicted habitat suitability for Greater Prairie-Chickens. We found that elevation was the most influential in predicting lek locations, contributing three times more predictive power than any other variable. However, models were improved by the addition of land cover and anthropogenic features (transmission lines, roads, and oil and gas structures. Overall, our analysis provides a hierarchal understanding of Greater Prairie-Chicken habitat suitability that is broadly based on geomorphological features followed by land cover suitability. We found that when land features and vegetation cover are suitable for Greater Prairie-Chickens, fragmentation by anthropogenic sources such as roadways and transmission lines are a concern. Therefore, it is our recommendation that future human development in Kansas avoid areas that our models identified as highly suitable for Greater Prairie-Chickens and focus development on land cover types that are of lower conservation concern.

Fire patterns in the range of the greater sage-grouse, 1984-2013 — Implications for conservation and management

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Matthew L.; Matchett, John R.; Shinneman, Douglas J.; Coates, Peter S.

2015-09-10

Fire ranks among the top three threats to the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range, and among the top two threats in the western part of its range. The national research strategy for this species and the recent U.S. Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3336 call for science-based threats assessment of fire to inform conservation planning and fire management efforts. The cornerstone of such assessments is a clear understanding of where fires are occurring and what aspects of fire regimes may be shifting outside of their historical range of variation. This report fulfills this need by describing patterns of fire area, fire size, fire rotation, and fire season length and timing from 1984 to 2013 across the range of the greater sage-grouse. This information need is further addressed by evaluating the ecological and management implications of these fire patterns. Analyses are stratified by major vegetation types and the seven greater sage-grouse management zones, delineated regionally as four western and three eastern management zones. Soil temperature and moisture indicators of resilience to fire and resistance to cheatgrass invasion, and the potential for establishment of a grass/fire cycle, are used as unifying concepts in developing fire threat assessments for each analysis strata.

Greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste characterization. Appendix E-2: Mixed GTCC LLW assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirner, N.P.

1994-09-01

Mixed greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (mixed GTCC LLW) is waste that combines two characteristics: it is radioactive, and it is hazardous. This report uses information compiled from Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Radioactive Waste Characterization: Estimated Volumes, Radionuclide Activities, and Other Characteristics (DOE/LLW 1 14, Revision 1), and applies it to the question of how much and what types of mixed GTCC LLW are generated and are likely to require disposal in facilities jointly regulated by the DOE and the NRC. The report describes how to classify a RCRA hazardous waste, and then applies that classification process to the 41 GTCC LLW waste types identified in the DOE/LLW-114 (Revision 1). Of the 41 GTCC LLW categories identified, only six were identified in this study as potentially requiring regulation as hazardous waste under RCRA. These wastes can be combined into the following three groups: fuel-in decontamination resins, organic liquids, and process waste consisting of lead scrap/shielding from a sealed source manufacturer. For the base case, no mixed GTCC LLW is expected from nuclear utilities or sealed source licensees, whereas only 177 ml of mixed GTCC LLW are expected to be produced by other generators through the year 2035. This relatively small volume represents approximately 40% of the base case estimate for GTCC wastes from other generators. For these other generators, volume estimates for mixed GTCC LLW ranged from less than 1 m 3 to 187 m 3 , depending on assumptions and treatments applied to the wastes

Regret about surgical decisions among early-stage breast cancer patients: Effects of the congruence between patients' preferred and actual decision-making roles.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ashley Wei-Ting; Chang, Su-Mei; Chang, Cheng-Shyong; Chen, Shou-Tung; Chen, Dar-Ren; Fan, Fang; Antoni, Michael H; Hsu, Wen-Yau

2018-02-01

Early-stage breast cancer patients generally receive either a mastectomy or a lumpectomy, either by their own choice or that of their surgeon. Sometimes, there is regret about the decision afterward. To better understand regret about surgical decisions, this study examined 2 possibilities: The first is that women who take a dominant or collaborative role in decision making about the surgery express less regret afterward. The second is that congruence between preferred role and actual role predicts less regret. We also explored whether disease stage moderates the relationship between role congruence and decisional regret. In a cross-sectional design, 154 women diagnosed with breast cancer completed a survey assessing decisional role preference and actual decisional role, a measure of post-decision regret, and a measure of disturbances related to breast cancer treatment. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate prediction of decisional regret. Role congruence, not actual decisional role, was significantly associated with less decisional regret, independent of all the control variables. The interaction between disease stage and role congruence was also significant, showing that mismatch relates to regret only in women with more advanced disease. Our findings suggest that cancer patients could benefit from tailored decision support concerning their decisional role preferences in the complex scenario of medical and personal factors during the surgical decision. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Overstatement in happiness reporting with ordinal, bounded scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Saori C; Yamada, Katsunori; Kitada, Ryo; Tanaka, Satoshi; Sugawara, Sho K; Ohtake, Fumio; Sadato, Norihiro

2016-02-18

There are various methods by which people can express subjective evaluations quantitatively. For example, happiness can be measured on a scale from 1 to 10, and has been suggested as a measure of economic policy. However, there is resistance to these types of measurement from economists, who often regard welfare to be a cardinal, unbounded quantity. It is unclear whether there are differences between subjective evaluation reported on ordinal, bounded scales and on cardinal, unbounded scales. To answer this question, we developed functional magnetic resonance imaging experimental tasks for reporting happiness from monetary gain and the perception of visual stimulus. Subjects tended to report higher values when they used ordinal scales instead of cardinal scales. There were differences in neural activation between ordinal and cardinal reporting scales. The posterior parietal area showed greater activation when subjects used an ordinal scale instead of a cardinal scale. Importantly, the striatum exhibited greater activation when asked to report happiness on an ordinal scale than when asked to report on a cardinal scale. The finding that ordinal (bounded) scales are associated with higher reported happiness and greater activation in the reward system shows that overstatement bias in happiness data must be considered.

Ecological specialization and morphological diversification in Greater Antillean boas.

Science.gov (United States)

Reynolds, R Graham; Collar, David C; Pasachnik, Stesha A; Niemiller, Matthew L; Puente-Rolón, Alberto R; Revell, Liam J

2016-08-01

Colonization of islands can dramatically influence the evolutionary trajectories of organisms, with both deterministic and stochastic processes driving adaptation and diversification. Some island colonists evolve extremely large or small body sizes, presumably in response to unique ecological circumstances present on islands. One example of this phenomenon, the Greater Antillean boas, includes both small (<90 cm) and large (4 m) species occurring on the Greater Antilles and Bahamas, with some islands supporting pairs or trios of body-size divergent species. These boas have been shown to comprise a monophyletic radiation arising from a Miocene dispersal event to the Greater Antilles, though it is not known whether co-occurrence of small and large species is a result of dispersal or in situ evolution. Here, we provide the first comprehensive species phylogeny for this clade combined with morphometric and ecological data to show that small body size evolved repeatedly on separate islands in association with specialization in substrate use. Our results further suggest that microhabitat specialization is linked to increased rates of head shape diversification among specialists. Our findings show that ecological specialization following island colonization promotes morphological diversity through deterministic body size evolution and cranial morphological diversification that is contingent on island- and species-specific factors. © 2016 The Author(s). Evolution © 2016 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Will I regret it? Anticipated negative emotions modulate choices in moral dilemmas

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Carolina Pletti

2016-12-01

Full Text Available We tested if post-decisional emotions of regret, guilt, shame, anger, and disgust can account for individuals’ choices in moral dilemmas depicting the choice of letting some people die (non-utilitarian option or sacrificing one person to save them (utilitarian option. We collected participants’ choices and post-decisional emotional ratings for each option using Footbridge-type dilemmas, in which the sacrifice of one person is the means to save more people, and Trolley-type dilemmas, in which the sacrifice is only a side effect. Moreover, we computed the EEG Readiness Potential to test if the neural activity related to the last phase of decision-making was related to the emotional conflict. Participants reported generally stronger emotions for the utilitarian as compared to the non-utilitarian options, with the exception of anger and regret, which in Trolley-type dilemmas were stronger for the non-utilitarian option. Moreover, participants tended to choose the option that minimized the intensity of negative emotions, irrespective of dilemma type. No significant relationship between emotions and the amplitude of the Readiness Potential emerged. It is possible that anticipated post-decisional emotions play a role in earlier stages of decision-making.

Will I Regret It? Anticipated Negative Emotions Modulate Choices in Moral Dilemmas

Science.gov (United States)

Pletti, Carolina; Lotto, Lorella; Tasso, Alessandra; Sarlo, Michela

2016-01-01

We tested if post-decisional emotions of regret, guilt, shame, anger, and disgust can account for individuals’ choices in moral dilemmas depicting the choice of letting some people die (non-utilitarian option) or sacrificing one person to save them (utilitarian option). We collected participants’ choices and post-decisional emotional ratings for each option using Footbridge-type dilemmas, in which the sacrifice of one person is the means to save more people, and Trolley-type dilemmas, in which the sacrifice is only a side effect. Moreover, we computed the EEG Readiness Potential to test if the neural activity related to the last phase of decision-making was related to the emotional conflict. Participants reported generally stronger emotions for the utilitarian as compared to the non-utilitarian options, with the exception of anger and regret, which in Trolley-type dilemmas were stronger for the non-utilitarian option. Moreover, participants tended to choose the option that minimized the intensity of negative emotions, irrespective of dilemma type. No significant relationship between emotions and the amplitude of the Readiness Potential emerged. It is possible that anticipated post-decisional emotions play a role in earlier stages of decision-making. PMID:27999559

The Educational Afterlife of Greater Britain, 1903-1914

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, Philip

2012-01-01

Following its late nineteenth-century emergence as an important element within federalist thinking across the British Empire, the idea of Greater Britain lost much of its political force in the years following the Boer War. The concept however continued to retain considerable residual currency in other fields of Imperial debate, including those…

Utilization of wind energy in greater Hanover

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahling, U.

1993-01-01

Since the beginning of the Eighties, the association of communities of Greater Hanover has dealt intensively with energy and ecopolitical questions in the scope of regional planning. Renewable energy sources play a dominant role in this context. This brochure is the third contribution to the subject ''Energy policy and environmental protection''. Experts as well as possibly interested parties are addressed especially. For all 8 contributions contained, separate entries have been recorded in this database. (BWI) [de

Small cities face greater impact from automation

OpenAIRE

Frank, Morgan R.; Sun, Lijun; Cebrian, Manuel; Youn, Hyejin; Rahwan, Iyad

2017-01-01

The city has proven to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: How will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across U.S. urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content su...

LiveDiverse: Case study area, Greater Kruger South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Nortje, Karen

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Livelihoods and Biodiversity in Developing Countries Case study area: Greater Kruger, South Africa January 2011 Kolhapur, India Where are we? HARDSHIP LIVELIHOODS NATURE & BIODIVERSITY BELIEFS & CULTURAL PRACTISE threesansinv foursansinv onesansinv...

Governança de tecnologia da informação: um estudo do processo decisório em organizações públicas e privadas Gobierno de la tecnología de la información: estudio de la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones públicas y privadas Governance of information technology: a study of decision making in public and private organizations

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Cláudio Márcio Campos de Mendonça

2013-04-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a participação dos gestores de tecnologia da informação (TI de organizações públicas e privadas no processo de alinhamento de TI e tomada de decisões estratégicas organizacionais com base na Matriz de Arranjo de Governança de TI (Weill e Ross, 2006. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa tipo survey descritiva com 44 gestores da área de TI da cidade do Natal, sendo 18 de organizações públicas e 26 de organizações privadas. Os resultados sugerem que os gestores de TI são os principais atores do processo decisório tanto nas organizações públicas quanto privadas, sobretudo para as decisões-chave que envolvem os princípios, arquitetura e estratégias de infraestrutura de TI. Finalmente, também se conclui que os padrões de tomada de decisão são muito próximos entre as organizações públicas e privadas, porém os resultados obtidos nas organizações públicas são mais próximos ao padrão obtido na pesquisa de Weill e Ross (2006.Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la participación de los gerentes de organizaciones públicas y privadas en la alineación de tecnologia de la información (TI y toma de decisiones estratégicas tomando como base la Matriz de Disposición de Gobernanza de TI (Weill, Ross, 2006. Se desarrolló un estudio survey descriptivo con 44 gerentes de TI de la ciudad de Natal (Brasil, con 18 organizaciones públicas y 26 privadas. Los resultados sugieren que los gerentes de TI son los actores principales en el proceso de toma de decisiones en las organizaciones públicas y privadas, sobretodo para las decisiones clave que involucran los principios, la arquitectura y las estrategias de infraestructura de TI. Por último, también parece que los patrones de toma de decisiones están muy cerca entre las organizaciones públicas y privadas, pero los resultados obtenidos en las organizaciones públicas están más cerca del patrón obtenido en la investigación de

Absenteeism movement in Greater Poland in 1840–1902

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Izabela Krasińska

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The article presents the origins and development of the idea of absenteeism in Greater Poland in the 19th century. The start date for the research is 1840, which is considered to be a breakthrough year in the history of an organized absenteeism movement in Greater Poland. It was due to the Association for the Suppression of the Use of Vodka (Towarzystwo ku Przytłumieniu Używania Wódki in the Great Duchy of Posen that was then established in Kórnik. It was a secular organization that came into being on an initiative of doctor De La Roch, who was a German surgeon of a French origin. However, as early as 1844, the idea of absenteeism raised an interest of catholic clergymen of Greater Poland with high ranking clergy such as Rev. Leon Michał Przyłuski, Archbishop of Gniezno and Rev. Jan Kanty Dąbrowski, Archbishop of Posen, and later on Archbishops Rev. Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski and Rev. Florian Oksza Stablewski. They were fascinated with activities of Rev. Jan Nepomucen Fick, Parish Priest of Piekary Śląskie and several other priests on whose initiative a lot of church brotherhoods of so called holy continence were set up in Upper Silesia as early as the first half-year of 1844. It was due to Bishop Dąbrowski that 100 000 people took vows of absenteeism in 1844–1845, becoming members of brotherhoods of absenteeism. In turn, it was an initiative of Archbishop Przyłuski that Jesuit missionaries – Rev. Karol Bołoz Antoniewicz, Rev. Teofil Baczyński and Rev. Kamil Praszałowicz, arrived in Greater Poland from Galicia in 1852 to promote the idea of absenteeism. Starting from 1848, they were helping Silesian clergymen to spread absenteeism. Clergymen of Greater Poland were also active in secular absenteeism associations. They became involved in the workings of the Association for the Promotion of Absenteeism that was set up by Zygmunt Celichowski in Kórnik in 1887, and especially in the Jutrzenka Absenteeism Association