Sample records for remuneration review ajustments
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SOUKUP, Miloslav
2012-01-01
The aim of this bachelor work is analysis of remuneration and motivation in travel agencies and companies, where is established performance pay system for self-employed. Work consists of literature review and practical part. Literature review contains information about motivation and remuneration. Practical part includes information about analyzed companies, analysis remuneration and motivation, evaluation analyzed companies and conceiving performance pay system, in which are participants sel...
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Human Resources Division
2001-01-01
As announced by the Director-General in December last year, Council approved the package of measures concerning the 5-yearly remuneration review, recommended by the TREF Restricted Group, as well as the adjustments for 2001 related to salaries and pensions. These measures, as summarised below, enter into force on 1 January 2001, subject to later implementation of some items. Related changes to the Staff Rules and Regulations will be published as soon as possible in the mean time, changes which were annexed to the Council Resolution can be viewed on the HR Division Web site. 1. Scale of basic salaries (Annex R A 1 of the Staff Regulations) : increased by 4.32% resulting from the 5-yearly Review, and by 0.6% which corresponds to the salary adjustment for 2001. This includes the increases in social insurance contributions indicated below. 2. Scale of stipends of Fellows (Annex R A 2 of the Staff Regulations) : increased by 1.52% resulting from the 5-yearly Review, and by 0.6% which corresponds to the adjustment ...
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Institutional review boards' attitudes towards remuneration in paediatric research
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Flege, Marius M; Thomsen, Simon F
2017-01-01
Remuneration in paediatric research poses an ethical dilemma. Too large a sum might cause parents to enrol their children in research projects with no benefit for the child, whereas too modest a sum might hamper recruitment. The institutional review boards have the responsibility to only approve ...
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Walendzik, A; Trottmann, M; Leonhardt, R; Wasem, J
2013-04-01
In the 2009 reform of the German collective remuneration system for outpatient medical care, on the level of overall remuneration, the morbidity risk was transferred to the health funds fulfilling a long-term demand of physicians. Nevertheless not transferring morbidity adjustment to the levels of physician groups and singular practices can lead to budgets not related to patient needs and to incentives for risk selection for individual doctors. The systematics of the distribution of overall remuneration in the German remuneration system for outpatient care are analysed focusing on the aspect of morbidity adjustment. Using diagnostic and pharmaceutical information of about half a million insured subjects, a risk adjustment model able to predict individual expenditures for outpatient care for different provider groups is presented. This model enables to additively split the individual care burden into several parts attributed to different physician groups. Conditions for the use of the model in the distribution of overall remuneration between physician groups are developed. A simulation of the use of diagnoses-based risk adjustment in standard service volumes then highlights the conditions for a successfull installation of standard service volumes representing a higher degree of risk adjustment. The presented estimation model is generally applicable for the distribution of overall remuneration to different physician groups. The simulation of standard service volumes using diagnosis-based risk adjustment does not provide a more accurate prediction of the expenditures on the level of physician practices than the age-related calculation currently used in the German remuneration system for outpatient medical care. Using elements of morbidity-based risk adjustment the current German collective system for outpatient medical care could be transformed towards a higher degree of distributional justice concerning medical care for patients and more appropriate incentives
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A practitioner’s research: Director remuneration in Ukraine
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Alexander N. Kostyuk
2006-07-01
Full Text Available Remuneration of members of the supervisory boards in Ukrainian joint-stock companies is the most controversial issue of the corporate board practices. Despite the firm belief of the shareholders that the director remuneration is one of the most important factors influencing the board performance, there are still many companies (21 per cent where directors are not remunerated for their work on the supervisory board. This report examines practices of the director’s remuneration in Ukraine.
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Permuth-Wey, Jennifer; Borenstein, Amy R
2009-04-01
Although the practice of providing payment to clinical research participants has been ongoing for more than a century, it remains an ethically controversial topic among members of the research community. The aims of this commentary are to summarize ethical and practical considerations regarding financial remuneration of research participants and to make recommendations for researchers contemplating this practice. A PubMed search was conducted to explore the ethical implications surrounding financial remuneration and review the body of empiric data on this topic. Financial remuneration is perceived to be ethically acceptable by many researchers and research participants and can be helpful in the recruitment process. It is recommended that when investigators are contemplating whether to offer payment to research participants, they should consider the nature of the study and the potential benefits and risks to the participants, institutional or organizational guidelines, and cultural and societal norms specific to the population being studied. Financial remuneration has the ability to serve as a sign of appreciation for the contributions of research participants and a way to facilitate clinical and behavioral research.
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How can pharmacist remuneration systems in Europe contribute to generic medicine dispensing?
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Dylst P
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Generic medicines can generate larger savings to health care budgets when their use is supported by incentives on both the supply-side and the demand-side. Pharmacists’ remuneration is one factor influencing the dispensing of generic medicines.Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of different pharmacist remuneration systems for generic medicines in Europe, with a view to exploring how pharmacist remuneration systems can contribute to generic medicine dispensing.Methods: Data were obtained from a literature review, a Master thesis in Pharmaceutical Care at the Catholic University of Leuven and a mailing sent to all members of the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union with a request for information about the local remuneration systems of community pharmacists and the possible existence of reports on discounting practices.Results: Pharmacists remuneration in most European countries consists of the combination of a fixed fee per item and a certain percentage of the acquisition cost or the delivery price of the medicines. This percentage component can be fixed, regressive or capped for very high-cost medicines and acts as a disincentive for dispensing generic medicines. Discounting for generic medicines is common practice in several European countries but information on this practice tends to be confidential. Nevertheless, data for Belgium, France, the Netherlands and United Kingdom indicated that discounting percentages varied from 10% to 70% of the wholesale selling price.Conclusion: Pharmacists can play an important role in the development of a generic medicines market. Pharmacists should not be financially penalized for dispensing generic medicines. Therefore, their remuneration should move towards a fee-for-performance remuneration instead of a price-dependent reimbursement which is currently used in many European countries. Such a fee-for-performance remuneration system provides a stimulus for generic medicines
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Monitoring gender remuneration inequalities in academia using ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
... age, research output and qualifications are related to remuneration. The CVA biplots show narrowing, widening and constant gender remuneration gaps in diffferent faculties. Keywords: alpha-bag, academia, biplot, canonical variate analysis, gender inequality, multivariate, wage gap. ORiON Vol. 24 (1) 2008: pp. 49-73 ...
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Capital Structure and Managerial Compensation: the Effects of Remuneration Seniority
Calcagno, R.; Renneboog, L.
2007-01-01
We show that the relative seniority of debt and managerial compensation has important implications for the design of remuneration contracts. Whereas the traditional literature assumes that debt is senior to remuneration, there are in reality many cases in which remuneration contracts are de facto
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LA POLÍTICA SOCIAL EN TIEMPOS DE AJUSTE
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Leonardo Garnier Rímolo
2011-09-01
Full Text Available La política social está nuevamente de moda. Hace unos años, eran la estabilización y el ajuste los temas que dominaban la literatura, los debates y hasta las conversaciones de los economistas. Hoy, es cada vez más frecuente la referencia a la pobreza, el costo social del ajuste, el rostro humano de la política económica, el gasto social, la salud, la educación, en fin, todos aquellos temas relativos a la calidad de vida y el desarrollo humano. A diferencia del pasado, sin embargo, este redescubrimiento de los objetivos sociales del desarrollo no olvida, sino que parte precisamente del reconocimiento de las limitaciones materiales y financieras que enfrentan las sociedades menos desarrolladas. La discusión actual busca redefinir el sentido de la política social en los tiempos del ajuste o, si se quiere, redefinir los procesos de ajuste a la luz de su verdadero objetivo: el desarrollo social.
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Financial performance and remuneration of executive directors of brazilian
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Larissa Degenhart
2017-09-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between financial performance and the remuneration of executive directors of Brazilian companies. Thus, there was a descriptive, documentary and quantitative research. The review period was the years 2011 to 2015. The study population consisted of Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa and the sample consisted of companies that presented all the variables used in each year surveyed, totaling 219 companies. For the data analysis was conducted to Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression, and was performed using the SPSS statistical software. From the study results it was found that the variables: Total Asset Profitability (ROA and company size had a significant and positive relationship with the fixed remuneration, variable and total executive directors. These results showed for the analyzed scenario, the compensation of executive officers is higher when the ROA is high and also in relation to the company size, large companies pay their executives more than smaller companies. Finally, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between financial performance and Fixed Compensation, and Variable Total executive directors of Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa. In addition, this research contributes to the understanding of the amounts paid to executive officers, demonstrating that the performance of companies reflected in the remuneration of the executive directors, so that they act in the company in order to raise the economic and financial results.
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Remuneration disparities in Oceania: Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.
Marai, Leo; Kewibu, Vincent; Kinkin, Elly; Peter Peniop, John; Salini, Christian; Kofana, Genesis
2010-10-01
This paper explores the impact of remuneration differences on workers in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. In these countries remunerative differences are linked to government policy (in Papua New Guinea) and job contracts (in the Solomon Islands), and have impacted on industrial relations in both settings (strike action). A total of N = 350 professionals (n = 60 expatriates) from 54 organizations in aid, government, higher education and industry (mean response rate = 36%) responded to an organizational survey form. Remuneration ratios between international and local respondents based on the World Bank's index of purchasing power parity approached 9:1. In both sites staff compared pay and benefits (remuneration) packages: Internationally remunerated staff rated their ability higher than their local counterparts did; locally remunerated groups reported more injustice in remuneration, were more demotivated by the gaps, and were more likely to be thinking about leaving the organization. In-country workshops of N = 40 largely local stakeholders from aid and community organizations plus government ministries considered the survey's findings and recommended: in Solomon Islands, (a) introducing a policy of localization, (b) establishing a remuneration commission (already existent in Papua New Guinea), and (c) reducing the remunerative gap; in Papua New Guinea, (d) reversing the post-Independence "dual pay system" (currently official policy), (e) instituting pay-for-performance, and (f) ensuring the existent localization policy is applied to recruitment, selection, and staff career planning and management.
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Monitoring gender remuneration inequalities in academia using biplots
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IS Walters
2008-06-01
Full Text Available Gender remuneration inequalities at universities have been studied in various parts of the world. In South Africa, the responsibility largely rests with individual higher education institutions to establish levels of pay for male and female academic staff members. The multidimensional character of the gender wage gap includes gender differentials in research output, age, academic rank and qualifications. The aim in this paper is to demonstrate the use of modern biplot methodology for describing and monitoring changes in the gender remuneration gap over time. A biplot is considered as a multivariate extension of an ordinary scatterplot. Our case study includes the permanent fulltime academic staff at Stellenbosch University for the period 2002 to 2005. We constructed canonical variate analysis (CVA biplots with 90% alpha bags for the five-dimensional data collected for males and females in 2002 and 2005 aggregated over faculties as well as for each faculty separately. The biplots illustrate, for our case study, that rank, age, research output and qualifications are related to remuneration. The CVA biplots show narrowing, widening and constant gender remuneration gaps in different faculties.
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Remuneration differences in the emerging economies of China and India.
Zhou, Erhua Iris; Lu, Zhao; Li, Xiaoyan; Li, Tian; Papola, T S; Pais, Jesim; Sahu, Partha Pratim
2010-10-01
Emerging economies by definition tend to be less dependent on expatriate skills and labour than lower-income countries, yet remuneration (pay plus benefits) differences between expatriate and local workers persist in them to some degree. According to relative deprivation theory, economic development paradoxically elevates the salience of relatively small gaps in remuneration. We therefore expected workers to report injustice and demotivation regarding relative remuneration, despite the closing of remuneration gaps between expatriate and local workers due to the economic development of recent years. To explore that possibility, 482 skilled professionals from a variety of sectors and organizations in two emerging economies, India (n = 233, response rate = 54%) and China (n = 249, response rate = 58%), participated in the research. International salaries were greater than local salaries by a factor of 2.73:1 in India and 1.90:1 in China; these mean ratios bordered on intolerable in the India sample and were largely tolerable among the sample from China. In both countries, differently remunerated workers differed in their justice cognitions and their demotivation, with lowered motivation and fewer justice cognitions in the locally salaried, local workers. These differences were however more statistically significant between people working in India than in China. Insofar as the motivational and justice gaps persisted, the findings support relative deprivation theory. Insofar as the same gaps appear to be sharper in the country with the higher-not lower-mean remuneration differential, they do not. An in-country workshop with local experts who interpreted the findings (in India), and content analysis of the participants' recommendations (in China) jointly recommended linking remuneration to (i) workplace performance instead of (ii) economy-of-origin, to help promote (iii) fairness.
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Prueba para el error de ajuste de un modelo multivariante
Rodríguez, Luis H.
2012-01-01
En el ajuste de un modelo a una serie de observaciones se presenta el interesante problema de decidir sobre lo adecuado del modelo para describir tales observaciones .. Una prueba para esta clase de decisión se denomina "Error de ajuste", No conocíamos una tal prueba para el caso de un modelo multivariante (cada observación es un vector), por lo que este articulo hacemos una extensión de la técnica de "error de ajuste" utilizada en el análisis univariante al caso multivariante, y se prod...
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Cost-covering remuneration - wind and solar energy skinned
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Niederhaeusern, A.
2008-01-01
In this article, the details of Switzerland's cost-covering remuneration scheme for electrical energy from renewable resources are discussed. Several experts from the renewable energies area express their opinions on the scheme's tariffs for the remuneration of electrical energy fed into the public mains. Wind energy is quoted as being 'skinned', with a lower tariff than before and solar energy is quoted as being promoted 'with the hand brake still on'. Geothermal energy and power from biomass power stations is quoted as being 'undamaged' by the new remuneration system. In general, the opinion is expressed that small investors and producers have, once more, been put at a disadvantage. The situation in Switzerland is briefly compared with that in Germany, France, Spain and Italy. An overview of the tariffs is presented in tabular form
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The remuneration system and motivation of employees
MATEJOVÁ, Petra
2013-01-01
The remuneration system and motivation of employees are very important part of every company. It is very resisting in how the system is adjusted and if it works not only for company, but for employees as well. The remuneration system together with motivation of employees are better matching with all the processes in company, which are in progress in the company, the final result can be taken for the employees as bigger motivation for the work and they will be worked more effectively, which is...
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Robert W. Odewale
2015-09-01
Full Text Available This paper examines directors’ remuneration disclosure transparency in an emerging economy (Nigeria. We specifically examine how the block share ownership influences the level of transparency in the disclosure of directors’ remuneration in a sample of companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in 2012. Using ordinary least squares and binary logistic regressions to examine the relationship, we find that block share ownership is associated with lower transparent disclosure of directors’ remuneration. The result shows a positive relationship between audit quality and transparent disclosure of directors’ remuneration. The study finds that the transparency score is less than 40%. On the whole, we provide evidence that managers in Nigerian Listed Companies are inclined not to make voluntary disclosure of their remuneration to the public. This paper has implication for policy makers and regulatory authorities in Nigeria on the need to embark on remuneration disclosures reforms so as to make directors’ remuneration disclosure mandatory for Nigerian Listed Companies to make it comparable with accepted global good practice. This study contributes to the remuneration disclosure transparency literature by providing support for the expropriation hypothesis in the behaviour of block shareholders from an emerging economy whose market is very much different from those of developed economies.
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The remuneration system and productivity of human resources in the company
CRHONKOVÁ, Marie
2016-01-01
The main goal of this graduation theses named "The remuneration system of human resources in the company" is to evaluate the current system of remuneration and productivity of human sources in a company, that I chose and design a process that would lead to improvement in human resources achievments. In the practical part is charecterized the chosen company, in detail described its system of remuneration and structure of employees. On the basis of the observed data there are designed some chan...
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Mark Bussin
2015-11-01
Full Text Available In an attempt to address the growing gap between chief executive officer (CEO remuneration and that of the general worker, reign in rising CEO remuneration, and justify the portion of long-term incentive pay that makes up the bulk of CEO remuneration, shareholders and other stakeholders are trying to find definitive factors that will link CEO remuneration to company performance. Finding this link has become central to all executive remuneration issues. The results of the studies linking CEO remuneration to company performance are varied and inconclusive, particularly in South Africa. The reason for this is that previous studies have not looked at whether the company performance measures chosen have definite relationships with CEO remuneration in each industry. This study investigated eleven financial indicators of company performance to determine which of them have significant and positive relationships to CEO remuneration in different industries in South Africa. 254 South African listed companies, spread over 5 industries, were analysed for the period 2008 to 2012 using panel data analysis and statistical tests. The results were conclusive, finding performance metrics that had a positive and significant relationship to CEO remuneration in 4 of the 5 industries investigated, as well as over the aggregate of all the industries.
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26 CFR 31.3401(a)(6)-1 - Remuneration for services of nonresident alien individuals.
2010-04-01
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Remuneration for services of nonresident alien... services of nonresident alien individuals. (a) In general. All remuneration paid after December 31, 1966, for services performed by a nonresident alien individual, if such remuneration otherwise constitutes...
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26 CFR 1.162-27 - Certain employee remuneration in excess of $1,000,000.
2010-04-01
... capacity other than as a director. For this purpose, remuneration includes any payment in exchange for... received, directly or indirectly, by a director in each of the following circumstances: (A) If remuneration... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certain employee remuneration in excess of $1...
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Tsymbaliuk Svitlana O.
2017-09-01
Full Text Available The aim of the work is to identify the main trends and shortcomings of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere of Ukraine and develop proposals for its improvement. There determined the main problems of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere, including the low level and unsatisfactory wage differentiation, intersectoral imbalances in remuneration, rigid framework of a unified tariff net, lack of an objective methodology for assessing the complexity of duties and work of employees, and forming qualification groups for labor remuneration. It was determined that the reform of the minimum wage institution led to an increase in the leveling of the remuneration of employees of various categories and professional groups, which practically led to the destruction of the tariff remuneration system in the budgetary sphere. The necessity of reforming the policy of employee remuneration in the budgetary sphere is substantiated. There formulated directions for improving the tariff labor remuneration: construction of a unified tariff net based on flexible principles, formation of qualification groups for labor remuneration to develop a unified remuneration scale, development of a methodology for evaluating positions and jobs, and ensuring an objective pay gap between two related qualifying groups. With the aim of renewing the ratios for various categories and professional groups, it is important to reduce the gap between the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage. Prospects for further research should be the development of a methodology for evaluating positions and job for an objective comparison of the complexity of tasks and responsibilities of budgetary sector employees, substantiating qualification ratios in wages, forming indicators to determine the basic wages of employees within the developed ranges.
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Director Remuneration Pay: Trends During and After the Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009
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Syaiful Baharee Jaafar
2014-09-01
Full Text Available The objective of this study is to examine the trends of director remuneration in Malaysia’s publicly listed companies. The proxies for executive pay are based on cash remuneration consisting of fees, salary, bonuses, and benefits to kin. Based on the data collected from 486 publicly listed companies in Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2009, we empirically tested findings that the trends for remuneration increased during and after the financial crisis. The study also reveals that the structure of remuneration, such as salary and bonuses for executives, showed an increasing trend during and after the financial crisis; however, it shows that the trend of director remuneration in family firms after the financial crisis was decreasing. Further analysis indicates that family members were willing to accept lower fees, bonuses, and benefits to kin in order to maintain cash flow. Our study suggests that no expropriation existed in family firms during and after the financial crisis. However, executives in non-family firms are less interested in accepting lower remuneration as part of a contract.
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Remuneration of limited partners with regard to the base for retirement pension
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Milena Otavová
2010-01-01
Full Text Available The papes deals with possible forms of the remuneration of limited partner. There are defined differences between types of his incomes (remuneration such as dividend, remuneration and wage, in relation to czech tax law. With the aid of calculation was determined their combination, both in light of maximum his after-payment-tax income with the inclusion of payments of social and medical insurence, and with respect to computing base for his future retirement pension. The comparison of the forms of the remuneration of limited partner was performed by using the model situations. Models were configured to represent the possible ways of the remuneration of the partner and also with regard to the social and health insurance. These models highlight the advantages of the different options in terms of the tax burden, partner’s net income and the pension paid in the future. Evalutes haw the forms and amount of incomes influence the amount of the old-age pension. Those models were the basis for the determining the optimum combination of the payment of the profit sharing and the wage of the Partner.
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THE EFFECT OF REMUNERATION ON MOTIVATION THAT IMPLICATES EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE IN XYZ COMPANY
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Aldi Cahyanugroho
2016-05-01
Full Text Available PT XYZ is foreign investment company on food and beverages manufacturer with health benefit positioning. PT XYZ is willing to consistent of safety, quality and productivity (SQP aspect, therefore should be encouraged by high quality human resources. Employee motivation was stimulated by remuneration program in order to increase employee performance in PT XYZ. The aim of this study was to analyze remuneration effect towards employee motivation and it’s implication to employee performance at PT XYZ using employee perception. The population of this study is taken from staff level to supervisor level from 10 Departments. The numbers of sample are 132 people. The sampling technique used in the study was stratified with purposive and convenience sampling method with the analytical method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM. The result of this study shows remuneration has significant effect towards employee motivation and employee performance, while motivation has insignificant effect towards employee performance. SEM results show each highest coefficient are wages based on needs indicator at remuneration variable, individual development indicator at variable motivation and obedience indicator at employee performance variable. Management of PT XYZ should be maintaining components of remuneration, motivation and employee performance that’s already had good score and also pay attention to component of remuneration which has low score index to enhance employee motivation and also employee performance.Keywords: employee motivation, employee performance, remuneration, SEM
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Remuneration and Employee Benefits in Organizations in the Czech Republic
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Hana Urbancová
2017-02-01
Full Text Available In today’s highly competitive environment, the goal of organizations is to recruit, retain and sufficiently stimulate employees to give high quality performance, which may actually be achieved by a well‑developed system of remuneration and a wide range of suitably selected employee benefits. The article aims to identify and evaluate important factors influencing the area of employee remuneration and benefits offered in organizations in the Czech Republic. The research was carried out through a questionnaire survey that involved selected organizations in the Czech Republic (n = 402. The obtained primary data were processed using descriptive and multidimensional statistics. The factors examined in relation to the employee remuneration and benefits include: industries and sectors of organizations; markets in which they operate; the size of organizations by the headcount; the existence or absence of the Human Resource Department. The results confirm that the organizations that want to maintain a good position in the labour market pay attention to their personnel marketing, which is also helped by the right (suitable system of employee remuneration and fringe benefits thanks to which they retain their employees and can increase employee satisfaction and loyalty. Employee benefits are exactly what may distinguish the organizations from their competitors in the labour market.
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Is there a relationship between directors remuneration and firm performance?
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Rashidah Abdul Rahman
2005-07-01
Full Text Available The primary objective of the study is to determine whether there is a positive relationship between directors’ fees with the size of the firm and performance, based on the annual report of 246 listed firms. The results indicate a weak positive relationship between directors’ remuneration, corporate size (total assets and corporate performance (operating cash flow on asset. The weak positive relationship between director fees and performance indicates that other factors, such as the director’s yearly performance, may also account for the determination of the director’s remuneration. The findings support the notion of agency theory and corporate governance that remunerating the top management should be based on individual and corporate performance. In contrast, other performance variables such as return on assets (ROA and earning per share (EPS measured indicates no statistical association.
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Carr, Stuart C; McWha, Ishbel; Maclachlan, Malcolm; Furnham, Adrian
2010-10-01
Despite the rhetoric of a single global economy, professionals in poorer countries continue to be remunerated differently depending on whether they are compensated at a local vs. international rate. Project ADDUP (Are Development Discrepancies Undermining Performance?) surveyed 1290 expatriate and local professionals (response rate = 47%) from aid, education, government, and business sectors in (1) Island Nations (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands), (2) landlocked economies (Malaŵi, Uganda), and (3) emerging economies (India, China). Difference in pay was estimated using purchasing power parity, from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2007. Psychological measures included self-reported pay and benefits (remuneration), self-attributed ability, remuneration comparison, sense of justice in remuneration, remuneration-related motivation, thoughts of turnover and thoughts about international mobility. We included control measures of candour, culture shock, cultural values (horizontal/vertical individualism/collectivism), personality (from the "big five"), job satisfaction and work engagement. Controlling for these and country (small effects) and organization effects (medium), (a) pay ratios between international and local workers exceeded what were perceived to be acceptable pay thresholds among respondents remunerated locally; who also reported a combination of a sense of relative (b) injustice and demotivation; which (c) together with job satisfaction/work engagement predicted turnover and international mobility. These findings question the wisdom of dual salary systems in general, expose and challenge a major contradiction between contemporary development policy and practice, and have a range of practical, organizational, and theoretical implications for poverty reduction work.
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Mark Bussin
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Orientation: The relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO remuneration and organisation performance has been a topic of close scrutiny, especially since the global financial crisis. Optimal contracting relies on the premise that effective incentives will link organisation financial performance and CEO remuneration in ways that will be in the best interests of both shareholders and CEOs. Research purpose: The purpose of this research study was to investigate the relationship between CEO remuneration and organisation performance in South Africa between 2006 and 2012 and to determine whether the two constructs were positively correlated.Motivation for the study: The study provides an evidenced-based understanding of the nature of the CEO pay-performance relationship in South Africa. Understanding this relationship is critical to finding a suitable model to structure executive remuneration that will protect shareholders from over-remunerating executives in times of economic appreciation, whilst protecting executives from being underpaid in times of economic depreciation. Method: The financial results and CEO remuneration of 21 of the top 40 listed companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange were analysed for the period 2006–2012. The research was a quantitative, archival study. The primary statistical techniques used in the study were correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Main findings: The primary finding of the current research indicates that between 2006 and 2012 organisation executives have noticeably been moving away from focusing on short-termincentives, which are categorised as performance-related elements of remuneration packages.Based on these findings, it is evident that the relationship between executive remuneration and organisational financial performance has been experiencing a decline, especially since the 2008 global financial crisis. The decline has predominantly been due to a move away from performance
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Remuneration discrepancies in the landlocked economies of Malaŵi and Uganda.
Munthali, Alister; Matagi, Leon; Tumwebaze, Callist
2010-10-01
Although the original study of remuneration differences between local and expatriate development workers took place in the landlocked economy of Malaŵi, the study has never been replicated outside of one sector and organization (the National University), and took place prior to the 2000 Millennium Development Goals. Participating in the present studies were 458 aid and development professionals, working across a range of sectors in Malaŵi (n = 241, response rate = 50%) and Uganda (n = 217, response rate = 51%). The size of the gap between local and international workers, measured using the World Bank's purchasing power parity, was higher in Malaŵi (4.04:1) than in Uganda (1.97:1). The ratio was more clearly within tolerance levels in Uganda than in Malaŵi. Consistent with these differences, and controlling for organization, cultural, and demographic factors, locally remunerated workers reported more and expatriate workers less injustice and demotivation in Malaŵi than in Uganda. Although sample sizes for the internationally remunerated are small, the findings suggest that wider disparities may (1) hinder perspective-taking and (2) decrease motivation. In-country workshops with stakeholders and subject-matter experts considered the findings, and potential solutions offered through the survey form. They recommended the implementation of performance-based remuneration, including competency-based job analysis and evaluation. Competencies in such functions can be provided by humanitarian work psychology.
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Monitoring gender remuneration inequalities in academia using ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
alpha-bag, academia, biplot, canonical variate analysis, gender inequality, multivariate, .... decreased by 0.3% annually in the USA, 0.8% in Canada, Australia and New .... the University must provide competitive remuneration for staff with ..... on or off. In practice, differences between males and females can thus easily be ...
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Adherence to the spirit of corporate governance : the ethics of executive remuneration
2013-01-01
M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology) With the implementation of King III in 2010 and the promulgation of the new Companies Act in 2011, the corporate governance landscape in South Africa was irrevocably changed. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the protestations against the perceived excesses of executive1 remuneration packages. The question posed in this research study was what does adherence to the spirit of corporate governance with regard to executive remuneration entail? The litera...
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Executive remuneration and company performance for South African ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
of shareholders (often referred to as the principal or the provider of capital). ... Lecturer and Mrs A. Smit is a Lecturer, both in the Department of Accounting, Uni- ... view of the current financial crisis, it is not surprising that executive remuneration.
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El ajuste de plantillas: el papel de los despidos por causas objetivas
Castillo Lorenzo, Jesús
2016-01-01
Este estudio académico sobre el ajuste de plantillas en las empresas lo he redactado, centrándome en los ajustes que se realizan por despidos por causas objetivas,que en la mayoría de los casos son despidos económicos. El trabajo que he desarrollado me parece un trabajo interesante, porque trata un tema actual como es la crisis económica y social que padece España y los países de la UE. Me agrada haber tratado este tema,porque me interesa la legislación la...
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Executive Remuneration and the Financial Performance of Quoted Firms: The Nigerian Experience
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sunday OGBEIDE
2016-12-01
Full Text Available This study examined executive remuneration and firms’ performance in Nigeria. Specifically, the study seeks to ascertain the nexus between executive remuneration, firm size and board size variables and the performance of quoted companies. The population of the study consists of all the quoted firms as at 31st December, 2014. A sample of sixty (60 companies excluding non- financial firms was selected for the period 2013 and 2014. Summary statistics such as descriptive, correlation and granger causality tests were used. Inferential statistics, using panel Generalized Least Square (EGLS with fixed effect was used for the purpose of empirical validations. This was after the application of diagnostic test to enhance the study. The study ascertained that executive remuneration has a relationship with firm performance, but negatively impacted on it; though was not statistically significant. Firm size was ascertained not to have significant positive relationship with firms’ performance; though it has a causality relationship with the performance of the firms. Board size was found to negatively affect the performance of firms and is statistically not significant. Premised on this, the study suggests that executive remuneration of quote firms should be pegged constantly in a flexible manner. This will enable shareholders known the causality relationship between what is paid to the executive and how that influence performance.
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General surgery in crisis - comparatively low levels of remuneration ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
employed medical practitioners and other professional positions such as legal professionals, municipal managers and airline pilots. At senior levels (senior specialist) the remuneration was only ±55% of that paid to the selected comparator group.
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Does an activity based remuneration system attract young doctors to general practice?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Abelsen Birgit
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The use of increasingly complex payment schemes in primary care may represent a barrier to recruiting general practitioners (GP. The existing Norwegian remuneration system is fully activity based - 2/3 fee-for-service and 1/3 capitation. Given that the system has been designed and revised in close collaborations with the medical association, it is likely to correspond - at least to some degree - with the preferences of current GPs (men in majority. The objective of this paper was to study which preferences that young doctors (women in majority, who are the potential entrants to general practice have for activity based vs. salary based payment systems. Methods In November-December 2010 all last year medical students and all interns in Norway (n = 1.562 were invited to participate in an online survey. The respondents were asked their opinion on systems of remuneration for GPs; inclination to work as a GP; risk attitude; income preferences; work pace tolerance. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 831 (53% responded. Nearly half the sample (47% did not consider the remuneration system to be important for their inclination to work as GP; 36% considered the current system to make general practice more attractive, while 17% considered it to make general practice less attractive. Those who are attracted by the existing system were men and those who think high income is important, while those who are deterred by the system are risk averse and less happy with a high work pace. On the question of preferred remuneration system, half the sample preferred a mix of salary and activity based remuneration (the median respondent would prefer a 50/50 mix. Only 20% preferred a fully activity based system like the existing one. A salary system was preferred by women, and those less concerned with high income, while a fully activity based system was preferred by men, and those
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Does an activity based remuneration system attract young doctors to general practice?
2012-01-01
Background The use of increasingly complex payment schemes in primary care may represent a barrier to recruiting general practitioners (GP). The existing Norwegian remuneration system is fully activity based - 2/3 fee-for-service and 1/3 capitation. Given that the system has been designed and revised in close collaborations with the medical association, it is likely to correspond - at least to some degree - with the preferences of current GPs (men in majority). The objective of this paper was to study which preferences that young doctors (women in majority), who are the potential entrants to general practice have for activity based vs. salary based payment systems. Methods In November-December 2010 all last year medical students and all interns in Norway (n = 1.562) were invited to participate in an online survey. The respondents were asked their opinion on systems of remuneration for GPs; inclination to work as a GP; risk attitude; income preferences; work pace tolerance. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 831 (53%) responded. Nearly half the sample (47%) did not consider the remuneration system to be important for their inclination to work as GP; 36% considered the current system to make general practice more attractive, while 17% considered it to make general practice less attractive. Those who are attracted by the existing system were men and those who think high income is important, while those who are deterred by the system are risk averse and less happy with a high work pace. On the question of preferred remuneration system, half the sample preferred a mix of salary and activity based remuneration (the median respondent would prefer a 50/50 mix). Only 20% preferred a fully activity based system like the existing one. A salary system was preferred by women, and those less concerned with high income, while a fully activity based system was preferred by men, and those happy with a high work
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Does an activity based remuneration system attract young doctors to general practice?
Abelsen, Birgit; Olsen, Jan Abel
2012-03-20
The use of increasingly complex payment schemes in primary care may represent a barrier to recruiting general practitioners (GP). The existing Norwegian remuneration system is fully activity based - 2/3 fee-for-service and 1/3 capitation. Given that the system has been designed and revised in close collaborations with the medical association, it is likely to correspond - at least to some degree - with the preferences of current GPs (men in majority). The objective of this paper was to study which preferences that young doctors (women in majority), who are the potential entrants to general practice have for activity based vs. salary based payment systems. In November-December 2010 all last year medical students and all interns in Norway (n = 1.562) were invited to participate in an online survey. The respondents were asked their opinion on systems of remuneration for GPs; inclination to work as a GP; risk attitude; income preferences; work pace tolerance. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis. A total of 831 (53%) responded. Nearly half the sample (47%) did not consider the remuneration system to be important for their inclination to work as GP; 36% considered the current system to make general practice more attractive, while 17% considered it to make general practice less attractive. Those who are attracted by the existing system were men and those who think high income is important, while those who are deterred by the system are risk averse and less happy with a high work pace. On the question of preferred remuneration system, half the sample preferred a mix of salary and activity based remuneration (the median respondent would prefer a 50/50 mix). Only 20% preferred a fully activity based system like the existing one. A salary system was preferred by women, and those less concerned with high income, while a fully activity based system was preferred by men, and those happy with a high work pace. Given a concern
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Ajuste del Índice de Pont para mujeres y hombres
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paula María Nava–Salcedo
2014-07-01
Full Text Available La forma de arco dental de mujeres y hombres es diferente, en los hombres es amplio y en mujeres de forma parabólica. En ortodoncia existen índices y métodos para la predicción del ancho y forma del arco ideal, uno de estos índices es el de Pont que no toma en cuenta las diferencias entre sexos. Objetivos: determinar la efectividad del índice de Pont al emplearlo en hombres y mujeres, realizar el ajuste si fuera necesario a las formulas del índice de Pont para poder aplicarlo en hombres y mujeres. Materiales y métodos: investigación descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. La muestra fue de 139 modelos de estudio, 94 de pacientes femeninos y 45 de pacientes masculinos, por lo que se seleccionaron 45 modelos de pacientes femeninos de forma aleatoria para igualar las muestras. Se compararon mediante una t de Student los valores reales de la muestra de hombres con los de las mujeres y el resultado del análisis de Pont en hombres y mujeres. Se realizó el ajuste de las constantes del índice de Pont para mujeres y hombres, se aplicó a ambas poblaciones, el resultado se comparó con los valores reales interpremolar e intermolar en maxilar y mandíbula. Resultados: el análisis de Pont no es efectivo para utilizarse en mujeres y hombres de Nayarit, se encontraron diferencias transversales entre ambas poblaciones, los ajustes realizados para la población femenina y masculinafue efectiva para utilizase en la población de Nayarit. Conclusiones: El índice de Pont no es aplicable debido a que sobreestima los valores de la población femenina y masculinade la población de Nayarit. Los ajustes realizados fueron efectivos y se recomienda evaluarlo en otras poblaciones.
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2013-04-02
... 26 CFR Part 1 The $500,000 Deduction Limitation for Remuneration Provided by Certain Health Insurance... limitation for remuneration provided by certain health insurance providers under section 162(m)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code). These regulations affect health insurance providers that pay such...
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Estilos relacionales parentales y ajuste adolescente
Oliva Delgado, Alfredo; Parra Jiménez, Agueda; Arranz Freijo, Enrique
2008-01-01
En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre una muestra de 848 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años, que cumplimentaron un cuestionario que incluía una escala con 6 dimensiones sobre su percepción del estilo parental o relacional materno y paterno y otros instrumentos para evaluar el ajuste adolescente. La realización de un análisis de conglomerados a partir de las puntuaciones en las 6 dimensiones que componían la escala re...
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¿Existe rigidez en el ajuste del empleo en Chile?
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Jorge Dresdner
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Antecedentes: Estudiamos c mo el nivel de empleo agregado se ajust en la eco- nom a chilena, posterior a la llamada crisis asi tica. Contrastamos distintas hi- p tesis que se han esgrimido en el debate p blico, y que no han sido probadas formalmente, sobre las razones por las cuales el nivel de empleo tard tanto tiempo en recuperar los niveles precrisis. M todos: Especi camos y estimamos un modelo de vectores autorregresivos con series de tiempo para el trimestre 1995.1-2007.4 y aplicamos el m todo de Jo- hansen para identi car vectores de cointegraci n. Resultados: Estimamos un vector de cointegraci n que representa la funci n de demanda laboral. Realizamos las siguientes pruebas de hip tesis sobre esta fun- ci n: homogeneidad de grado cero en precios, elasticidad producto de la de- manda unitaria; quiebre estructural en el intercepto de esta funci n; cambio en la elasticidad producto de la demanda laboral de largo plazo entre subperiodos y existencia de costos de ajuste. Conclusiones: Inestabilidad en la elasticidad demanda del ingreso en la funci n de demanda por trabajo en Chile posterior a la crisis asi tica, pero no en la direc- ci n sugerida por el debate previo. Adicionalmente, el factor que contribuy en forma m s decisiva a la lenta recuperaci n del empleo posterior a la crisis fue el costo de ajuste presentes en la econom a chilena.
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Impact of Teachers' Perception of Financial Remuneration on Role ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Result showed that teachers' perception of their financial remuneration (lesson presentation, use of instructional materials and evaluation of students) has significant influence on role performance effectiveness of teachers. Recommendations were made among which is that ministry and boards of Education should provide ...
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Corporate governance going astray: executive remuneration built to fail
Winter, J.; Grundmann, S.; Haar, B.; Merkt, H.; Mülbert, P.O.; Wellenhofer, M.; Baum, H.; von Hein, J.; von Hippel, T.; Pistor, K.; Roth, M.; Schweitzer, H.
2010-01-01
Modern remuneration systems for executive directors include substantial elements of performance based pay. The idea behind this is that by rewarding executives for performance their interests become aligned with those of the company’s shareholders, thus bridging the principal-agent gap. Executive
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Pleasing but also unfair - The first year of cost-covering remuneration
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Niederhaeusern, A.
2009-01-01
In this interview with Reto Rigassi from Suisse Eole, the Swiss Wind Energy Association, the situation in Switzerland with regard to the cost-covering remuneration (KEV) for renewable energy fed into the public electricity mains is discussed. The economic viability of feeding-in power generated by wind energy installations is discussed in the light of reduced remuneration rates. The financial situation is compared with that prevailing before the introduction of the KEV. The resulting effects on the wind energy business are commented on. The number of installations in service is noted as is alternative financing via 'renewable power stock-exchanges'. Reductions in prices to be expected and the global wind energy situation are also discussed
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Concerning the teacher’s value: remuneration of the teaching work in Minas Gerais (1859-1900
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sarah Jane Alves Durães
2012-02-01
Full Text Available This article discusses some facts that determined the remuneration of the male and female teacher of primary school in Minas Gerais province/state during the second half of XIX century. It shows that the remuneration was paid according to different criteria as the sex of the teacher; function position – effective, substitute, for example –, the localization of the school – rural, urbane, district or village –, the teaching position in which the male and female teacher worked, how long he/she was teaching, the number of the students in the class and others. Summary, the remuneration can be analyzed as a result of historical values that have been constructed inside the school and public sphere, and in the social relations outside them.
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THE EFFECT OF REMUNERATION ON MOTIVATION THAT IMPLICATES EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE IN XYZ COMPANY
Aldi Cahyanugroho; Musa Hubeis; Hari Wijayanto
2016-01-01
PT XYZ is foreign investment company on food and beverages manufacturer with health benefit positioning. PT XYZ is willing to consistent of safety, quality and productivity (SQP) aspect, therefore should be encouraged by high quality human resources. Employee motivation was stimulated by remuneration program in order to increase employee performance in PT XYZ. The aim of this study was to analyze remuneration effect towards employee motivation and it’s implication to employee performance at ...
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Document de travail no.8: Ajustement structurel et consolidation de ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
13 déc. 2010 ... Marie-France Guimond ... Très peu de recherches ont été faites sur le rôle des plans d'ajustement structurel dans le contexte des pays ... Gender and climate change-induced conflict in pastoral communities: Turkana, Kenya.
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Ajustement structurel et consolidation de la paix Une source de ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
mguimond
Tableau 4 : Corrélation : Indicateurs-pays pour la politique étrangère et ajustement .... incorporés aux réformes macroéconomiques du cadre stratégique de lutte ...... Le plafond sur le recrutement de fonctionnaires a été considéré comme une ...
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Impacto del ajuste por inflación financiero en la gestión empresarial
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Oda Hilda Gómez de Angulo
2009-01-01
Full Text Available La inflación es un fenómeno económico que afecta la situación financiera de las organizaciones, por lo que existe la Declaración de Principios de Contabilidad No. 10 (DPC-10 que establece las normas para efectuar el ajuste por inflación a los estados financieros. Con el propósito de conocer el impacto de este ajuste, se seleccionaron dos empresas que realizan actividades diferentes. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica y documental de la DPC-10 y, con base a los informes al cierre de cada ejercicio económico de las empresas objeto de estudio, se recopilaron y prepararon los datos en una misma unidad de medida para efectos de comparación, análisis e interpretación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en la empresa regida por la Comisión Nacional de Valores se justifica el ajuste por inflación financiero debido a la naturaleza de la estructura financiera y a que la toma de decisiones administrativas y legales se realiza con base a esta información; mientras que en la institución regida por la Superintendencia de Cajas de Ahorro no se justifica la presentación del ajuste por inflación financiero, ya que no aporta ningún valor agregado a la organización y la toma de decisiones se realiza con base a los estados financieros históricos.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joanna Nieżurawska
2016-03-01
The results of research indicate the functioning of traditional systems of remuneration among pharmacists (pharmacy managers and employees in hospitals. The internal structure of remuneration of employees is not very fragmented and employee engagement and motivation of employees are clearly smaller here.
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Kelly, Elish; O'Connell, Philip J.; Mc Guinness, Seamus
2008-01-01
Policy paper This paper uses data from the 2003 and 2006 National Employment Surveys to analyse the public-private sector wage gap in Ireland. In particular, we investigate the impact of awards implemented under a number of wage setting institutions on the pay differential. These include the pay increases awarded by the Public Service Benchmarking Body in its first report and the increases given to higher-level posts in the public sector by the Review Body on Higher Remuneration in the ...
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Job Insecurity and Remuneration in Chinese Family-Owned Business Workers
Hu, Qiao; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.
2011-01-01
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of job insecurity (past job downsizing and anticipated job downsizing) and current remuneration--via wellbeing (burnout and work engagement)--on organizational outcomes (organization commitment and low turnover intention) of Chinese family-owned business. Design/methodology/approach: The…
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PERAN REMUNERASI TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK: THEORETICAL REVIEW
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ria Yuli Angliawati
2016-10-01
Public service is the most important element in improving the quality of social life in society. The poor quality of public service inflicts crisis of trust in society towards public bureaucracy. In order to create “clean” and “commanding” governance by forwarding the quality of public service that is superfine and optimal are not materialized well (effective without the decent welfare of employee. One of efforts to improve service quality is by giving an effective remuneration. This study uses qualitative approach with the theoretical review from the previous researches to emerge the newest research model about the relationship of remuneration and public service. The review result found the importance of giving remuneration in improving the quality of public service. In which employee is expected to commit in conducting their works depend on the major task and the function because the goal of accepted remuneration is enough and appropriate with workload and it creates employee to be motivated in providing the optimal service to public. So it will be materialized a “clean” and “good” governance. Keywords: Remuneration, Service Quality, Public Service
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New Approach to Remuneration Policy for Investment Firms: a Polish Capital Market Perspective
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Szymon Okoń
2012-03-01
Full Text Available The experience of the recent financial crisis leads to reflections on the relevant mechanisms of risk reduction of an investment firms activity. Within the European Union, the Directive 2010/76/EU (CRD III has introduced new rules regarding the remuneration policy for investment firms. The main goal was to reduce the risk of investment firms’ activity. This is a prudential regulation. The purpose of this article is to evaluate, from the point of view of an investment firm, proposed by the EU legislator approach to remuneration policy aimed at reducing the risk of the operation of this type of financial institutions. The aim was to identify the key problems with which Polish investment firms may face in the future in connection with new remuneration policy rules. As far as the methodology is concerned, the author carried out in-depth and standardized interviews with the representatives of several investment firms in Poland. In addition, the method of observation has been applied. The results of the research demonstrates that the abovementioned regulations will have limited impact on reducing the risk of the activities of these financial institutions as well as their implementation will be difficult for them in practice.
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2011-06-24
... Certain Employee Remuneration in Excess of $1,000,000 Under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) AGENCY... remuneration in excess of $1,000,000 under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). The proposed regulations clarify... stock options, it is intended that the directors may retain discretion as to the exact number of options...
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75 FR 59751 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
2010-09-28
... entitled ``Brokerage Transactions on a Securities Exchange.'' The rule governs the remuneration that a... securities transactions by the fund. The rule requires a fund's board of directors to establish, and review as necessary, procedures reasonably designed to provide that the remuneration to an affiliated broker...
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Representación de la Enfermedad, Afrontamiento y Ajuste en los Trastornos Alimentarios
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yolanda Quiles Marcos
2009-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la representación de la enfermedad en pacientes con un trastorno alimentario (TA, así como su relación con el afrontamiento y el ajuste, utilizando como marco teórico el Modelo del Sentido Común de Leventhal. Método: Participaron 98 mujeres diagnosticadas de un TA. La media de edad fue 20.8 años (dt=5.61. Para evaluar la representación de la enfermedad se administró la adaptación española para los TA del Cuestionario de Percepción de la Enfermedad Revisado (IPQ-R. Resultados: Respecto a la identidad, los síntomas más señalados fueron la "pérdida de peso" (89.8% y las "alteraciones en la menstruación" (81.6%. Consideran que su enfermedad tiene una larga duración y serias consecuencias, así como que tienen control y siguiendo un tratamiento es posible su curación. El 21% de la varianza de las estrategias evitativas fue explicado por diferentes dimensiones de la representación de la enfermedad. Se confirman los efectos directos de la representación de la enfermedad sobre el ajuste, pero no los del afrontamiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de intervenir sobre las creencias que tienen estas pacientes sobre su enfermedad con el fin de mejorar su ajuste psicosocial.
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
Finance and Procurement Department
2011-01-01
In 2011 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Tuesday 25 January Friday 25 February Friday 25 March Tuesday 26 April Wednesday 25 May Friday 24 June Monday 25 July Thursday 25 August Monday 26 September Tuesday 25 October Friday 25 November Monday 19 December
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
Finance and Procurement Department
2010-01-01
In 2010 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Monday 25 January Thursday 25 February Thursday 25 March Monday 26 April Tuesday 25 May Friday 25 June Monday 26 July Wednesday 25 August Friday 24 September Monday 25 October Thursday 25 November Friday 17 December
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
HR Department
2008-01-01
In 2008 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates : Friday 25 January Monday 25 February Tuesday 25 March Friday 25 April Monday 26 May Wednesday 25 June Friday 25 July Monday 25 August Thursday 25 September Friday 24 October Tuesday 25 November Wednesday 17 December Finance Department
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
FI Department
2007-01-01
In 2007 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Thursday 25 January Monday 26 February Monday 26 March Wednesday 25 April Friday 25 May Monday 25 June Wednesday 25 July Friday 24 August Tuesday 25 September Thursday 25 October Monday 26 November Wednesday 19 December Finance Department
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
FI Department
2006-01-01
In 2006 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates : Wednesday 25 January Friday 24 February Friday 24 March Tuesday 25 April Wednesday 24 May Monday 26 June Tuesday 25 July Friday 25 August Monday 25 September Wednesday 25 October Friday 24 November Wednesday 20 December Finance Department
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Relación entre variables familiares y el ajuste conyugal
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nerea Jiménez-Picón
2018-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar si las variables familiares tales como tipo de relación de pareja, años de matrimonio, existencia de hijos, número de miembros de la unidad familiar, etapas del ciclo vital familiar, transición entre etapas, apoyo social percibido y/o acontecimientos vitales estresantes se relacionan con el ajuste conyugal. Diseño: Estudio transversal y correlacional mediante encuestas. Emplazamiento: Consultas de atención primaria y unidades de hospitalización de los centros seleccionados de la provincia de Sevilla, España. Participantes: Muestra consecutiva estratificada por cuotas de 369 parejas, mayores de 18 años, heterosexuales, que mantenían una relación de pareja, con o sin hijos, residentes en Sevilla. Mediciones principales: Se emplea cuestionario autoadministrado con las variables sociodemográficas y las escalas Versión Breve de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico, Cuestionario de MOS de Apoyo Social Percibido y Escala de Reajuste Social. Se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial con estadísticos de correlación y regresión multivariante. Resultados: Relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el ajuste conyugal y los años de matrimonio (r = −0,10; p < 0,05, la etapa del ciclo vital familiar (F = 2,65; p < 0,05, la transición entre etapas (rpb = 0,11; p < 0,05 y el apoyo social percibido (r = 0,44; p < 0,001. El modelo de regresión mostró la capacidad predictiva del apoyo social percibido y etapa del ciclo vital familiar (etapa madura-anciana sobre el ajuste conyugal (R2 = 0,21; F = 9,9; DF = 356; p < 0,001. Conclusiones: Desde atención primaria, se puede valorar a las parejas, ofrecer recursos y proporcionar apoyo. También pueden identificarse variables que ayuden a mejorar la relación conyugal. Abstract: Objective: To determine whether family variables, such as type of relationship, years of marriage, existence of offspring, number of members of family, stage of family
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
2013-01-01
In 2013, net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: - Friday 25 January - Monday 25 February - Monday 25 March - Thursday 25 April - Friday 24 May - Tuesday 25 June - Thursday 25 July - Monday 26 August - Wednesday 25 September - Friday 25 October - Monday 25 November - Thursday 19 December Finance, Procurement and Knowledge Transfer Department
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
2012-01-01
In 2012 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Wednesday 25 January Friday 24 February Monday 26 March Wednesday 25 April Friday 25 May Monday 25 June Wednesday 25 July Friday 24 August Tuesday 25 September Thursday 25 October Monday 26 November Wednesday 19 December Finance, Procurement and knowledge Transfer Department
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Houle, Sherilyn; MacKeigan, Linda
2017-01-01
As the population ages, and individuals desire to remain in their homes as long as possible, the need for in-home care is expected to increase. However, pharmacists have rarely been included in studies of in-home care, and little is known about the prevalence or effectiveness of pharmacists' home-based services in Canada. To identify pharmacy practices in Canada that regularly provide in-home patient care and to identify specific services provided, remuneration obtained, and barriers and facilitators influencing the provision of home-based care. A link to a web-based survey was posted in e-newsletters of provincial, territorial, and national pharmacy associations in Canada. In addition, pharmacists known to the researchers as providing in-home clinical services were contacted directly. The survey was open from October to December 2015. Practices or organizations that performed at least one home visit per week for clinical purposes, with documentation of the services provided, were eligible to participate. One response per practice or organization was allowed. Seventeen practices meeting the inclusion criteria were identified, representing community, hospital, and clinic settings. Home visits were most commonly performed for individuals with complex medication regimens or nonadherence to medication therapy. The most common services were conducting medication reconciliation and reviews and counselling patients about medication adherence. No practices or organizations billed patients for these services, yet lack of remuneration was an important barrier identified by many respondents. Although 12 (71%) of the respondents collected data for evaluative purposes, collection of clinical or health system outcome data was rare. Few Canadian pharmacy practices that provide in-home patient care at least once a week could be identified. Data collection suitable to establish an evidence base for this service was infrequently performed by practices and organizations providing
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Geiler, P.H.M.
2012-01-01
Chapter 4 examines the existence of the gender pay gap among top managers in the UK. The study suggests the existence of substantial differences in both the level and mix of executive remuneration between male and female executives, but fails to establish a gender pay gap at the CEO level. The
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
2016-01-01
In 2016, net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Monday, 25 January Thursday, 25 February Thursday, 24 March Monday, 25 April Wednesday, 25 May Friday, 24 June Monday, 25 July Thursday, 25 August Monday, 26 September Tuesday, 25 October Friday, 25 November Tuesday, 20 December Finance and Administrative Processes department
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
2014-01-01
In 2014 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Friday 24 January Tuesday 25 February Tuesday 25 March Friday 25 April Monday 26 May Wednesday 25 June Friday 25 July Monday 25 August Thursday 25 September Friday 24 October Tuesday 25 November Thursday 18 December Finance, Procurement and Knowledge Transfer Department
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To all members of personnel in receipt of remuneration from CERN
2015-01-01
In 2015 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: Monday 26 January Wednesday 25 February Wednesday 25 March Friday 24 April Tuesday 26 May Thursday 25 June Friday 24 July Tuesday 25 August Friday 25 September Monday 26 October Wednesday 25 November Thursday 17 December Finance, Procurement and Knowledge Transfer Department
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zamokuhle W. Shabane
2017-11-01
Full Text Available Orientation: The field of leadership has been extensively researched over the last couple of decades, with a particular emphasis on the different types of leadership styles. The most valuable resource that any manager works with is human resources. Studies have indicated that the way in which people are managed is influenced by the leadership styles of managers. This, in turn, influences employee behavioural intention, including intention to quit. Retention is, in turn, influenced by a number of factors, including remuneration. This study considers the relationship between satisfaction with remuneration and retention and the mediating role that a transformational leadership style may play in this regard. Research purpose: The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, to determine whether transformational leadership played a mediating role in the relationship between satisfaction with remuneration and intention to stay amongst artisans employed in the military. Secondly, to determine whether there were demographic differences for these findings. Motivation for the study: This study was conducted to determine whether a perceived lack or presence of transformational leadership influences the intention to quit amongst employees in relation to their level of satisfaction with their remuneration. In this way, the study may assist in determining strategies to improve artisan retention levels. Research methodology: The study was quantitative in nature. A survey research design was applied to collect data, using a questionnaire as the survey instrument, from artisans (N = 108 employed at a military unit in Pretoria. Main findings: The results revealed that the participants, regardless of gender or race, were generally unsatisfied with their remuneration. Transformational leadership was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between satisfaction with remuneration and intention to stay. Practical/managerial implications: Organisations
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Smažinka, M; Švabík, K; Hubka, P; Haddad El, R; Mašata, J
2015-06-01
The aim of this study is to compare quality of life in 3-month follow-up after the use of transobturator tape TVT-O and single incision tape AJUST in the treatment of urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (USI). Randomized trial. Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika LF UK a FN Plzeň, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha. Between May 2010 and May 2012 100 women with proven urodynamic stress urinary incontinence were included in this randomized trial. These patients were randomly chosen and devided into two group: 50 patients for TVT-O procedure and 50 patients for AJUST procedure. All of the patients underwent a complete urogynecological examination prior to the actual procedure (clinical examination, urodynamic examination, ultrasound examination) and filled in ICIQ-SF and iQol questionnaires. After the surgery, the patients satisfaction was evaluated by visual analoque scale (VAS) and Likert scale and by ICIQ-SF and iQol questionnaires. The intensity and length of postoperative pain was monitored using the visual analogue scale. The patients underwent an examination after 3 months. In both groups of participants no significant differences regarding age, BMI, parity, history of surgery for gynecological disorders, were found. Preoperative urodynamic, ICIQ-SF and iQol parameters were also not significantly different. In the 3-month follow-up 48 participants from TVT-O group and 50 participants from the AJUST group were monitored. No statistically significant differences in subjective and objective parameters were found. Subjectively stress incontinence was not present in 97.9% in the TVT-O and 96.0% in the group AJUST. Objectively stress test was negative in 93.8% in the TVT-O and 94% in group AJUST. By evaluating the ICIQ and iQol were found no statistical differences in the quality of life in both operating groups. At 3-months follow up we did not find any statistical difference between subjective and objective outcome for single incision tape
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V Haaren, Christina; Bathke, Manfred
2008-11-01
Until now, existing remuneration of environmental services has not sufficiently supported the goals of spending money more effectively on the environment and of motivating farmers. Only a small share of the budgets for agriculture in the EU, as well as in US and other countries, is available for buying environmental goods and services beyond the level of good farming practice (GFP). This combined with the insufficient targeting of compensation payments to areas where special measures are needed leads to an unsatisfactorily low impact of agri-environment measures compared to other driving forces that stimulate the intensification of farming. The goal of this paper is to propose a management concept that enhances the ecological and cost efficiency of agri-environment measures. Components of the concept are a comprehensive environmental information base with prioritised goals and targets (available in Germany from landscape planning) and new remuneration models, which complement conventional compensation payments that are based upon predetermined measures and cost. Comprehensive landscape planning locates and prioritises areas which require environmental action. It contains the information that authorities need to prioritise funding for environmental services and direct measures to sites which need environmental services beyond the level of GFP. Also appropriate remuneration models, which can enhance the cost efficiency of public spending and the motivation of the farmers, can be applied on the base of landscape planning. Testing of the planning methodology and of one of the remuneration models (success-oriented remuneration) in a case study area ("Fuhrberger Feld" north of Hanover, Germany) demonstrated the usability of the concept and led to proposals for future development of the methodology and its application in combination with other approaches.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dettli, R.; Ott, W.; Philippen, D.; Umbricht, A.
2009-06-15
This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with proposals for a remuneration system for heat obtained from renewable resources. Local and regional district heating systems cover around three percent of Swiss heating needs. The authors estimate that, if these systems were to be operated completely using renewable resources such as biomass, ambient heat and the renewable portion of heat from waste incineration, around seven per cent of needs could be met. Further, around 10,000 heating systems with a power of more than 350 kW could be operated with renewables. A further potential for the use of renewable heating resources can be found in wastewater treatment plants and industrial waste heat. Various obstacles and restraints on the use of renewable resources in the heating area are discussed. The idea of providing a cost-covering remuneration system for heat is discussed and compared with that for renewable electricity. The proposed system is discussed, which would provide investment subsidies, risk-coverage and project development subsidies. The report discusses the results of a market analysis and the differences to be found between the markets for electricity and heat. Existing promotional programs are noted and the aims of a possible remuneration system are discussed. A concept for a promotion program for renewable heat generation and the use of waste heat is introduced. The installations to be promoted and the amount of remuneration to be paid out are discussed. Finally, the costs and the effects of the proposed promotion scheme are discussed. A comprehensive appendix provides details on the proposed system and provides information on market volume, energy resources, networks and infrastructure, providers of heat energy, heat consumers and general conditions as far as factors such as pricing and legislation are concerned. Finally, the 'Climate Cent' foundation is commented on.
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Comércio intra-industrial e custos de ajuste para a indústria do Valle del Cauca (1975-2014)
Hernández García, Edwin Arbey; Universidad del Valle; Raffo López, Leonardo; Universidad del Valle
2016-01-01
RESUMEN El objetivo del artículo es analizar los costos de ajuste para la industria vallecaucana durante el período 1975-2014, considerando el patrón de comercio exterior del Departamento. Para ello, se calcula el índice de Brülhart para analizar el comercio intra-industrial marginal. También se examina la naturaleza vertical y horizontal del comercio intra-industrial, y su relación con los costos de ajuste en la industria del Departamento. Como principal resultado, se obtiene que las relacio...
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Is cost-covering remuneration fully booked? - Teething problems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Niederhaeusern, A.
2009-01-01
In this interview with Michael Kaufmann, director of the SwissEnergy programme, possible strategies for the correct pricing of electricity and measures for the correction of the dissatisfactory situation now prevailing concerning the cost-covering remuneration of power from renewable sources are discussed. The pricing of electricity from various sources and the indirect costs that are at present not met by non-renewable resources are commented on. Further topics covered include suggestions for strategies for relieving the presently blocked financial promotion of renewables, the goals set for the role to be played by renewable energy in Swiss electricity production in 2030 and suggestions for future political action
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Karlitasari, L.; Suhartini, D.; Benny
2017-01-01
The process of determining the employee remuneration for PT Sepatu Mas Idaman currently are still using Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet where in the spreadsheet there is the value of criterias that must be calculated for every employee. This can give the effect of doubt during the assesment process, therefore resulting in the process to take much longer time. The process of employee remuneration determination is conducted by the assesment team based on some criterias that have been predetermined. The criteria used in the assessment process are namely the ability to work, human relations, job responsibility, discipline, creativity, work, achievement of targets, and absence. To ease the determination of employee remuneration to be more efficient and effective, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used. SAW method can help in decision making for a certain case, and the calculation that generates the greatest value will be chosen as the best alternative. Other than SAW, also by using another method was the CPI method which is one of the calculating method in decision making based on performance index. Where SAW method was more faster by 89-93% compared to CPI method. Therefore it is expected that this application can be an evaluation material for the need of training and development for employee performances to be more optimal.
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The Remuneration of Freelancers: Current Trends and Prospects in Ukraine
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Shchetinina Ludmila V.
2017-12-01
Full Text Available The article is aimed at defining the peculiarities of freelancing development in Ukraine, as well as elaborating recommendations as to legalization of the freelancers’ labor. The estimation of development of freelancing in Ukraine is provided, which shows both growth of incomes of employed in this form of employment, and increase of their number. The advantages of this new form of employment, which can be obtained only in case of its regulation and control, as well as under the condition of the State support, are concretized. It is substantiated, that formation of adequate relations of remuneration of the freelancers’ labor first of all needs a contemporary normative-legal provision, including adaptation of experience of the developed countries to the Ukrainian realities, and also accounting of peculiarities of freelancing in terms of civil, economic, and tax law. It has been determined that the remuneration of freelancers should depend on the kind of freelancing and the types of freelancers, sphere of economic activity, profession, etc. The differentiation of hour rates by demographic criteria and by professions was analyzed. The measures of support of freelancing on the part of the State may be the following: preferential taxation, including rural residents, occupational guidance activities, outreach activities, conduct and analysis of the results of sociological research, periodic collection of statistical data, etc.
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Autonomía y ajuste académico: un estudio con estudiantes portugueses de primer año
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Ana Paula Soares
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Los niveles de autonomía psicológica de los alumnos desempeñan un papel importante en su ajuste a las presiones y desafíos de la vida universitaria. En este sentido, el presente estudio descriptivo analiza las relaciones entre los niveles de autonomía de los estudiantes en su entrada en la Enseñanza Superior y la calidad de su ajuste académico al final del primer año. Se aplicó el Iowa Developing Autonomy Inventory (IDAI en el inicio del año lectivo y el Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA al final de ese año a una muestra de 420 alumnos de primer año de la Universidade do Minho. Los resultados revelan que los alumnos poseen percepciones bastante positivas en cuanto a sus niveles de autonomía en las áreas de Gestión del tiempo, Movilidad e Interdependencia, y niveles más bajos en la Gestión del dinero, observándose algunas oscilaciones en función del género. Por otro lado, los alumnos cuya entrada en la Enseñanza Superior no implicó su abandono del hogar familiar, especialmente los de sexo masculino, presentan niveles más elevados de ajuste académico. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que el ajuste académico se encuentra asociado a los niveles de autonomía de los alumnos, en particular en lo que concierne a la Gestión del tiempo, Independencia emocional de sus compañeros e Interdependencia.
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Determinants of Executive Directors’ Remuneration in Malaysia’s ACE Market
Hong, Chee Yoong
2016-01-01
This purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the determinants of executive directors' remuneration of public listed companies in Malaysia's ACE Market. This study is using panel data analysis on 76 public listed companies in ACE Market from 2009 to 2013 (5 years) with the total of 380 observations. Similar to AIM Market in UK, ACE Market is set up to facilitate emerging companies, which are important to Malaysia economic growth, to raise capital easily. Unfortunately, these companies...
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Mastropietro, P.
2016-01-01
Capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs) are “climbing” regulatory agendas in all liberalised power sectors, especially in the European Union. CRMs are introduced to improve system reliability and to minimise power shortages to an economically efficient extent. These schemes will have a central role
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Sistema Computacional para Ajuste de Funções Densidade de Probabilidade
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Daniel Henrique Breda Binoti
Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo iniciar, implementar e validar um projeto de construção de um sistema computadorizado para ajuste de funções densidade de probabilidade. O FitFD foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a linguagem de programação Java. Como ambiente de desenvolvimento foram utilizadas a IDE (Integrated Development Environment Netbeans 7.1 e a JDK 7.3 (Java Development Kit. Os testes do sistema foram realizados em ambiente Windows. Foram implementadas no sistema as seguintes funções densidade de probabilidade: Weibull (2P, 3P, 2P com dap mínimo como locação, 3P truncada, hiperbólica (2P, 3P, 2P com dap mínimo como locação, 3P truncada, log-logística (2P, 3P, 2P com dap mínimo como locação, logística generalizada, Fatigue life (2P e 3P e Frechet (2P e 3P. O sistema desenvolvido auxilia os usuários na definição e escolha da fdp que melhor atenda suas necessidades, contudo melhorias são necessárias. O projeto iniciado mostrou-se eficiente para ajustes de funções de densidade probabilidade.
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El papel de la concertación social ante la política de ajuste
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Juan Raso Delgue
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Contenido: Introducción. Ajuste. Modos de producción y concertación. Nuevos actores y nuevas dimensiones del conflictos. Las dimensiones de la nueva concertación. Contenidos de la nueva concertación. Conclusiones
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NATIONAL POLICY IN REFERENCE TO LABOR REMUNERATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POVERTY DYNAMICS IN A REGION
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Kuklin А. А.
2010-03-01
Full Text Available The paper emphasizes urgent issues regarding labor remuneration, which need to be settled along with adoption of socioeconomic policy aimed at critical reduction in size of the poor population.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
J-L. W. Mitchell Van der Zahn
2005-11-01
Full Text Available We use a sample of 964 executive directors representing 354 Singapore publicly listed firms to examine linkage between firm performance and cash-based bonus payments. As a pooled OLS regression model may hide different models that characterize subsets of observations we use latent class analysis to further examine the data and to identify more specifically the influence of corporate governance features. Our latent class analysis results indicate that remuneration committees with members having their interests better aligned with shareholders (such as presence of a significant owner appear more likely to consider the incremental value of tying executive director compensation to intellectual capital performance. Remuneration committees with a lower risk of influence from managerial power were also found to be more likely to support a compensation linkage for executive directors to intellectual capital performance. The influence of the remuneration committee features is evident for both entrepreneurial and traditional firms. Overall, our findings are consistent with both the optimal-contract pricing and managerial power views of executive compensation setting.
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Ajuste de la fuerza de infección del dengue
Aldana-Bermúdez, Eliécer; Restrepo-Triviño, Maribel; Muñoz-Loaiza, Aníbal
2017-01-01
RESUMEN Objetivo Plantear un modelo matemático hospedero vector para el ajuste de la fuerza de infección del dengue en una población variable con crecimiento logístico y ciclo de vida del mosquito con tasa de ovoposición periódica, considerando inmunidad a un serotipo. Métodos El modelo matemático propuesto está representado por ocho ecuaciones diferenciales a las que se les calcula la fuerza de infección por el método de las redes libres de escala. Resultados Se presenta una simulación...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paula Sánchez-Romeu
2015-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan estrategias de ajuste para hacer frente a choques hipotéticos de oferta y demanda utilizadas por 1 138 empresas mexicanas encuestadas por el Banco de México en 2012. Los resultados del análisis muestran que la respuesta de las empresas ante los dos tipos de choque en general no es simétrica y que éstas reaccionan combinando estrategias (principalmente eligen reducir costos, con lo cual moderan los ajustes a precios y producción. Más competencia hace que las empresas utilicen con más intensidad las estrategias de ajuste y favorece la flexibilidad de los precios. Ante cualquier choque, los costos que más se reducen son los no laborales y los que genera el empleo temporal. Una alta competencia y un mayor porcentaje de costos laborales intensifican el traspaso de los choques al empleo; por el contrario, los acuerdos colectivos de trabajo mitigan dicho traspaso. No se observa un traspaso de los choques a las percepciones salariales, lo cual, aunado a la baja incidencia de la reducción del salario base, evidencia rigidez en los salarios nominales de las empresas entrevistadas.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gilberto Reynoso-Meza
2013-07-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Los controladores PID continúan siendo una solución fiable, robusta, práctica y sencilla para el control de procesos. Actualmente constituyen la primera capa de control de la gran mayorÃa de las aplicaciones industriales. De ahà que un número importante de trabajos de investigación se han orientado a mejorar su rendimiento y prestaciones. Las lÃneas de investigación en este campo van desde nuevos métodos de ajuste, pasando por nuevos tipos de estructura hasta metodologÃas de diseño integrales. Particularizando en el ajuste de parámetros, una de las formas de obtener una solución novedosa consiste en plantear un problema de optimización, el cual puede llegar a ser no-lineal, no-convexo y con restricciones. Dado que los algoritmos evolutivos han mostrado un buen desempeño para solucionar problemas complejos de optimización, han sido utilizados en diversas propuestas relacionadas con el ajuste de controladores PID. Este trabajo muestra un revisión de estas propuestas y las prestaciones obtenidas en cada caso. Asà mismo, se identifican algunas tendencias y posibles lÃneas de trabajo futuras. Abstract: PID controllers are a reliable, robust, practical and easy to implement control solution for industrial processes. They provide the first control layer for a vast majority of industrial applications. Owing to this, several researches invest time and resources to improve their performance. The research lines in this field scope with new tuning methods, new types of structures and integral design methods. For tuning methods, improvements could be fulfilled stating an optimization problem, which could be non-linear, non-convex and highly constrained. In such instances, evolutionary algorithms have shown a good performance and have been used in various proposals related with PID controllers tuning. This work shows a review of these proposals and the benefits obtained in each case. Some
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20 CFR 363.1 - Authorization for garnishment of remuneration for employment paid by the Board.
2010-04-01
... or to make alimony payments. (b) Remuneration for employment includes compensation paid or payable for personal services, whether such compensation is denominated as wages, salary, commission, bonus... individual concerned claimed all dependents to which he was entitled (the withholding of additional amounts...
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To all members of the personnel in receipt of remuneration from cern
HR Department
2009-01-01
In 2009 net monthly remuneration will be paid into individual bank accounts on the following dates: -\tMonday 26 January -\tWednesday 25 February -\tWednesday 25 March -\tFriday 24 April -\tMonday 25 May -\tThursday 25 June -\tFriday 24 July -\tTuesday 25 August -\tFriday 25 September -\tMonday 26 October -\tWednesday 25 November -\tWednesday 16 December Finance and Procurement Department
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Corporate governance : disclosure on directors’ remuneration in Malaysia – is it adequate?
Wong, Irene Ling Chiong
2014-01-01
Ever since numerous corporate failures that shaken the faith and confidence of the public, the introduction of good corporate governance mechanism has swept the world off their feet. A sound corporate governance mechanism not only encourages proper management of risk, but at the same time, promotes effective performance. A vital part of corporate governance, directors’ remuneration has gain considerable focus from the policy makers, academics, media and public over the years. The measurements...
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Equal Remuneration (Amendment) Act, 1987 (No. 49 of 1987), 16 December 1987.
1987-01-01
This Act amends the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, specifically to prohibit discrimination between men and women in relation to conditions of service subsequent to employment such as promotions, training, or transfer. The original Act contained no such provisions. Sections of the Act are also amended to provide for greater penalties and for the lodging of complaints by any person aggrieved and by any recognized welfare institution or organization, in addition to government officials. full text
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chamarrita Farkas
2008-05-01
Full Text Available Este artículo se centra en el estudio del apego adulto y su relación con el ajuste socioemocional durante el primer embarazo. Se utiliza una investigación descriptiva correlacional de carácter transversal. La muestra se compone de 139 embarazadas primigestas de 19 a 40 años y nivel socio-económico medio, medio bajo y bajo. El estilo de apego fue evaluado con el Cuestionario de Apego en Adultos, CaMir, y el ajuste socioemocional con el Cuestionario de Salud Mental, OQ-45.2. Se realizan análisis descriptivos de la muestra y correlaciones entre estilos de apego y las dimensiones del Cuestionario de Ajuste Socioemocional con el Coeficiente Producto Momento de Pearson. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre los estilos de apego y los indicadores de ajuste.This article focuses on the study of adult attachment and its relationship with socio-emotional adjustment during the first pregnacy. A correlational descriptive study using a cross-sectional design was conducted. The sample included 139 primípara females between 19 and 40 years of age, from medium, medium-low and low socioeconomic status. The attachment style was evaluated using the Attachment Questionnaire for Adults, CaMir, and the socio-emotional adjustment with the Mental Health Questionnaire, OQ-45.2. Descriptive analyses of the sample were conducted, and the bivariate correlations between attachment styles and adjustment was estimated. The results show a significant relation between attachment styles and adjustment indexes.
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Tijdens, K.; de Vries, D.H.; Steinmetz, S.
2013-01-01
Background This article represents the first attempt to explore remuneration in Human Resources for Health (HRH), comparing wage levels, ranking and dispersion of 16 HRH occupational groups in 20 countries (Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany,
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K.G. Tijdens (Kea); D.H. de Vries (Daniel); S.M. Steinmetz
2013-01-01
textabstractBackground: This article represents the first attempt to explore remuneration in Human Resources for Health (HRH), comparing wage levels, ranking and dispersion of 16 HRH occupational groups in 20 countries (Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic,
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Peña Lindarte, Ricardo José
2010-01-01
Este artículo está basado en el planteamiento metodológico desarrollado en el Manual de Capacidad de Carreteras de Estados Unidos (HCM - Highway Capacity Manual), de la Transportation Research Board (TRB), para el análisis de capacidad y niveles de servicio en intersecciones semaforizadas, asociado al factor de ajuste por utilización de carril (fLU), que corresponde a uno de los once factores de ajuste propuestos en la metodología de cálculo, en el módulo de intensidades de saturación. La est...
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Inteligencia emocional y ajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia: El papel de la percepción emocional
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José M. Salguero
2011-12-01
Full Text Available La inteligencia emocional (IE, definida como la habilidad para percibir, usar, comprender y regular las emociones, se ha mostrado como una variable importante a la hora de explicar el ajuste psicosocial de las personas. Pese a ello, la mayor parte de la investigación en torno a la IE ha sido realizada con muestras de población adulta y son escasos los trabajos que, utilizando medidas de ejecución, exploren su papel en la adolescencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de analizar la influencia de la percepción emocional, una de las habilidades recogidas dentro de la IE, sobre el ajuste personal y social de una muestra de adolescentes españoles. Un total de 255 alumnos completaron una tarea de ejecución diseñada para evaluar la percepción emocional en la adolescencia así como diferentes medidas de ajuste social y personal. Los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron cómo los adolescentes con una mayor habilidad para reconocer los estados emocionales de los demás informaron de mejores relaciones sociales con iguales y padres, menor tensión en sus relaciones sociales, así como de un mayor nivel de confianza y competencia percibida. Además, estos resultados se mantuvieron tras controlar los efectos de la edad, el sexo y la personalidad. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la investigación sobre la inteligencia emocional y se proponen implicaciones prácticas para el diseño de programas de prevención y tratamiento
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González Sánchez, Daniel
2017-01-01
[ES] Este trabajo se centra en el estudio del ajuste estratégico que se produce en la empresa entre distintos niveles de estrategia y entre diferentes funciones de la misma. En concreto, analizamos el ajuste entre la estrategia competitiva, la estrategia de recursos humanos y la estrategia de producción, prestando especial atención al área de recursos humanos. Para ello concebimos la estrategia competitiva de acuerdo al paradigma propuesto por Porter (1980), nos basamos en la teoría de la ...
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Lucha popular, democracia, neoliberalismo: protesta popular en América Latina en los años del ajuste
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Martha Cecilia García V.
2000-01-01
Full Text Available Margarita López Maya (editora. Lucha popular, democracia, neoliberalismo: protesta popular en América Latina en los años del ajuste. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad, 1999, 264 páginas. Este libro presenta una compilación de diez artículos elaborados por investigadores de Argentina, México, Colombia, Guatemala, Brasil, República Dominicana y Venezuela, producto de sus investigaciones sobre luchas y movimientos sociales en estos países. La intención del libro, según la compiladora, es tratar de llegar de manera conjunta a algunas hipótesis sobre los procesos de protesta y sus relaciones con el neoliberalismo y descubrir el modo en que los sectores más golpeados en sus expectativas y condiciones de vida por las políticas de ajuste han comenzado a demandar sus derechos.
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Inteligência emocional percebida (IEP ajuste emocional e actividade física na terceira idade
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Maria Manuela Lima de Figueiredo Queirós
2007-06-01
Full Text Available O interesse deste estudo está centrado na forma como interage a inteligência emocional percebida (IEP com a prática da actividade física e que peso específi co tem cada uma das variáveis estudadas sobre o ajuste emocional das pessoas nesta faixa etária e, consequentemente, na sua qualidade de vida.
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Os benefícios da hipoterapia nos ajustes posturais em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral
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Daniela Carrogi Vianna
2017-05-01
Full Text Available Paralisia Cerebral é uma afecção encefálica que ocorre na fase maturacional, apresentando seqüelas variáveis, envolvendo desordens de postura e movimentos. Examinaram-se alterações posturais de pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral durante e após a realização de Hipoterapia, observando ajustes posturais. Participaram oito crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos, com tetraparesia espástica, apresentando déficics das reações básicas de endireitamento, proteção e equilíbrio. Utilizou-se a Hipoterapia como terapêutica complementar, exigindo respostas posturais automáticas. As crianças foram submetidas a duas sessões semanais, durante doze meses. Constatou-se melhora das variáveis estudadas, concluindo-se que a Hipoterapia auxilia na ativação dos ajustes posturais em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral.
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Historia Funcional de Morfologías Lingüísticas y su Efecto en un Ajuste Convencional
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Nataly Yáñez Ramírez
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985; y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.
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20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.
2010-04-01
... the specified period. (d) Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who works fewer than five days each week under a compressed work schedule that provides the equivalent of full-time employment does not earn remuneration with respect to his or her additional rest days resulting from such work...
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Chang, Chia-Pei; Chang, Wen-Hsun; Hsu, Yen-Mei; Chen, Yi-Jen; Wen, Kuo-Chang; Chao, Kuan-Chong; Yen, Ming-Shyen; Horng, Huann-Cheng; Wang, Peng-Hui
2015-12-01
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new single-incision mini-sling (SIMS)-Ajust-compared with the standard transobturator midurethral sling (SMUS)-Align-for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2012. Women with SUI who underwent either SMUS-Align or SIMS-Ajust were recruited. The primary outcomes included operation time, estimated operative blood loss, postoperative pain, and complications. The secondary outcomes included subjective and objective success, defined as an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) score of 0 or improvement as felt by the patient and a long-term complication, such as dyspareunia and mesh erosion after 6 months and 12 months of follow-up. A total of 136 patients were enrolled, including 76 receiving SMUS-Align and 60 receiving SIMS-Ajust. Baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar, without a statistically significant difference. Primary outcomes between both groups were similar, except that women treated with SIMS-Ajust had statistically significantly shorter operation time (p = 0.003), less intent to treat (p < 0.05), and earlier postoperative discharge (p = 0.001) than women treated with SMUS-Align. Secondary outcomes were similar without a significant difference between the two groups (93% vs. 88% success rate in each group). Our results showed that SIMS-Ajust was not inferior to SMUS-Align with respect to success rate, and might have a slight advantage in early discharge. A long-term follow-up or prospective study is needed to confirm the above findings. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Rosalba Ortiz
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Las políticas de Ajuste Estructural han sido la base de la política económica costarricense en los últimos 10 años, por lo cual, han tenido gran incidencia en el análisis de los procesos y relaciones de cualquier sector productivo. En este contexto, los efectos ambientales de los últimos años, están decididamente influenciados por estas políticas, pues aunque, los programas de Ajuste no tienen como propósito direccionar aspectos ambientales, al modificar algunos precios relativos, pueden propiciar un cambio en el patrón de uso de un recurso, y es así como, tienen un efecto directo o indirecto sobre el ambiente
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Uzuner-Smith, Sedef; Englander, Karen
2015-01-01
Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), this paper exposes the neoliberal ideology of the knowledge-based economy embedded within university policies, specifically those that regulate faculty hiring, promotion, and remuneration in two national contexts: Turkey and Mexico. The paper follows four stages of CDA: (1) focus upon a social wrong in its…
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Taylor, Ruth; Davies, Doug
2004-01-01
It has long been recognised that effective staff training and remuneration allows an organisation to provide a unique and differentiating standard of service in industry, resulting in increased profitability to service providers. The purpose of this research study is to investigate the training strategies, and hence the training profile, of…
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Bertone, Maria Paola; Witter, Sophie
2015-07-28
Human resources for health represent an essential component of health systems and play a key role to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa face challenges regarding the availability, distribution and performance of health workers, which could be in part addressed by providing effective financial incentives. Based on an overview of the existing literature, the paper highlights the gaps in the existing research in low-income countries exploring the different components of health workers' incomes. It then proposes a novel approach to the analysis of financial incentives and delineates a research agenda, which could contribute to shed light on this topic. The article finds that, while there is ample research that investigates separately each of the incomes health workers may earn (for example, salary, fee-for-service payments, informal incomes, "top-ups" and per diems, dual practice and non-health activities), there is a dearth of studies which look at the health workers' "complex remuneration", that is, the whole of the financial incentives available. Little research exists which analyses simultaneously all revenues of health workers, quantifies the overall remuneration and explores its complexity, its multiple components and their features, as well as the possible interaction between income components. However, such a comprehensive approach is essential to fully comprehend health workers' incentives, by investigating the causes (at individual and system level) of the fragmentation in the income structure and the variability in income levels, as well as the consequences of the "complex remuneration" on motivation and performance. This proposition has important policy implications in terms of devising effective incentive packages as it calls for an active consideration of the role that "complex remuneration" plays in determining recruitment, retention and motivation patterns, as well as, more broadly, the
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La inteligencia emocional y el ajuste psicológico: un estudio transcultural
Fulquez Castro, Sandra Carina
2011-01-01
La intel·ligència emocional (IE) és una competència de l'ésser humà. Així mateix, elements psicològics com l'autoestima, l-autoconfiança, les relacions amb els iguals i les relacions amb els pares -en el cas dels adolescents- constitueixen eines que guien la salut mental i l'adaptació social de l'individu. L'estudi que es presenta demostra l'associació existent entre la IE (atenció emocional -AE- claredat emocional -CE- i reparació emocional -RE) i les variables d'ajust psicològic, així com d...
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Arboleda Zapata Elkin Mauricio
1995-09-01
Full Text Available La presente investigación se efectuó a partir de 558 registros de lactancia tomados del hato Holstein Paysandú el cual está situado en el corregimiento Santa Elena de Medellín en una zona ecológica de bosque húmedo montano bajo (bh-MB y pertenece a la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín. El objetivo propuesto fué determinar las ventajas comparativas entre factores de ajuste multiplicativos y aditivos para producción por lactancia. Para ello se trabajó con datos ajustados a 305 días, en vista de la muy alta significancia observada para el efecto duración de la lactancia. Después de confirmar por medio del programa de mínimos cuadrados de Harvey, 1988, que los factores medio-ambientales más influyentes sobre la producción ajustada a 305 días son el año de parto, los días abiertos previos y el número de partos (P£0.01, así como la edad y la época de parto (P£0.05, se procedió a ajustar por estos efectos mediante factores de corrección multiplicativos y aditivos. Inicialmente se utilizó como base la subclase de máxima producción para cada efecto y a ellas fueron llevados los demás registros; luego se obtuvieron factores aditivos mediante el uso de constantes estimadas por el programa Harvey y multiplicativos a partir de la media de mínimos cuadrados. Una vez ajustados los datos se corrió nuevamente el modelo inicial, con el fin de cuantificar la varianza residual presente tanto para factores de ajuste multiplicativos como aditivos, a los dos niveles propuestos. La comparación se realizó mirando las relaciones de la tabla F y las varianzas residuales entre grupos y dentro de ellos. Aunque no se presentaron diferencias marcadas, se observa que, en general los factores de ajuste aditivos tuvieron un mejor comportamiento que los multiplicativos, pues con el empleo de estos últimos queda una pequeña variación sin remover; en tanto que con factores de ajuste
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El ajuste temporal: criterio de ejecución distintivo de la inteligencia deportiva
Roca i Balasch, Josep
1998-01-01
En este artículo se propone una consideración de la actividad física y el deporte como una actividad inteligente en base a una concepción amplia de inteligencia y en base a la atención al parámetro tiempo como criterio de ajuste psicológico. Por lo que respecta a la primera afirmación, se afirma que tanto las habilidades perceptivo-motrices como las habilidades interactivas constituyen dos dimensiones de adaptación humana tradicionalmente infravaloradas en aras de las habilidades cognoscitiva...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kerszberg, Ernesto M; Dravnovsky, Mario Carlos [Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Eletrico S.A. (Argentina)
1996-05-01
This work presents the standards and legislation about power reactive consumption by involved agents in the market electric power supply. It discusses how to remunerate this reactive and the compromises among the actors of the power electric system
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O ajuste urbano: as políticas do Banco Mundial e do BID para as cidades
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Pedro Fiori Arantes
2006-12-01
Full Text Available Ao ajuste estrutural que se seguiu à crise da dívida no Terceiro Mundo, no início dos anos 80 - e ainda persiste como um ajuste permanente -, parece ter ocorrido um correspondente" ajuste urbano". Em ambos os casos, o Banco Mundial e, na América Latina, o BID, tiveram ação decisiva, em parceria com as elites e tecnocracias locais. As estratégias de ação dessas duas instituições financeiras, apesar de sua forte interferência nas políticas públicas dos países em desenvolvimento, constituem um tema novo e ainda pouco abordado pela pesquisa acadêmica. Em nosso caso, o objetivo foi desvendar o modelo de cidade que tem sido por elas defendido e qual seu significado. Na dissertação que realizei pela FAUUSP, constatei que os empréstimos do Banco Mundial e do BID - que aparecem aos gestores públicos como" tábuas de salvação" em tempos de crise -, não são" neutros" e carregam consigo uma agenda afirmativa: pretendem modelar um determinado padrão de uso do recurso público e de organização do Estado. As duas instituições difundem políticas públicas que seguem critérios empresariais de rentabilidade e um modelo de gestão estatal terceirizada, à mercê de um corpo técnico privado - formado por gerenciadoras de projeto, fundações privadas, ONGs e inúmeros consultores. Seu objetivo é transformar uma parcela dos governos locais nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente os que administram os territórios que dão suporte aos negócios transnacionais, em estruturas administrativas treinadas para responder aos grandes interesses privados, ao mesmo tempo em que se desembaraçam de qualquer compromisso com a democracia real.
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Nataly Yáñez Ramírez
2011-12-01
Full Text Available Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985; y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.
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Tsymbaliuk Svitlana O.
2017-10-01
Full Text Available The publication is aimed at developing the applied scientific foundations and instrumentarium for implementation of the new tariff terms in the practice of remuneration of employees in the budget sphere. On the basis of the identified problems of remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere, directions of its reform have been outlined. The importance of improving the tariff terms of remuneration together with developing new approaches to the designing a single tariff grid has been substantiated. The scientific-methodical recommendations on how to assess the complexity of tasks and responsibilities and to categorize them by the wage groups have been provided. It has been suggested that the complexity of tasks and responsibilities should be assessed using the points-factor evaluation method, which is applied in projecting the main wages, making use of grades. The factors for assessing the complexity of tasks and responsibilities according to different positions and jobs in the education sphere, science sphere, and science and technology sphere have been defined, the descriptive levels for certain factors have been developed. The assignment of posts and jobs to the qualifying groups upon the results of an assessment of the complexity of tasks and responsibilities has been determined. It has been concluded that use of the elaborated scientific-methodical recommendations would ensure decent remuneration, objective differentiation, transparency, and individualization of wages.
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Sidinei José Lopes
2007-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o cronograma de amostragem de plantas de alface hidropônica, para ajuste de curvas de crescimento durante o período vegetativo. Foram realizados dois cultivos de alface, variedade Regina, de 8/9/2004 a 19/11/2004 (primavera/verão e 22/2/2005 a 24/5/2005 (verão/outono, em estufas de plástico do Dep. de Fitotecnia, da UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. A partir do ajuste do modelo co-seno com amostragem diária, registrada como padrão, diferentes intervalos entre as amostragens foram simulados para o ajuste do mesmo modelo. A fim de se encontrar o intervalo adequado, foi comparada a variância de falta de ajuste do modelo de amostragem diária com as variâncias de falta de ajuste dos modelos com diferentes intervalos de amostragens pelo teste F. Os cronogramas de amostragens para ajuste de curvas de crescimento de plantas de alface sob hidroponia, para experimentos de primavera/verão e verão/outono, possuem intervalos iguais a dois dias, para fitomassa seca total da planta e da folha; intervalos de quatro dias, para fitomassa de raiz; e, diariamente, para área foliar.The objective of this work was to determinate a sampling chronology to adjust lettuce hidroponic growth curves during its vegetative development. The variety Regina was grown from September 8, 2004 until November 19, 2004 (spring/summer and February 22, 2005 until May 24, 2005 (summer/fall. Plants were placed inside a plastic covered greenhouse in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Based on the adjusted cosine model, daily samples were taken as standard and different sampling intervals were simulated in order to better adjust the same model. To estimate de adequate sampling interval a comparison was conducted between the variance of lack of adjustment of the daily sampling with the variance of lack of adjustment of different samplings intervals using an F test. Sampling chronograms for adjusting crop growth curves of hydroponics lettuce plants for both
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Nazrul Hisyam Ab Razak
2014-07-01
Full Text Available This study has examined the relationship between director’s remuneration, corporate governance structure and performance of a sample of 150 companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia from year 2008 until 2013. The sample was selected to provide matched-pair of government linked companies (GLCs and non-government linked companies (non-GLCs, as it was anticipated that these group would have different governance structure, the key difference being government ownership. The result holds even when we control for company specific characteristic such as corporate governance, company size, leverage, director’s remuneration, board size and auditors. This study uses panel based regression model to examine the impact of government control mechanism on company performance using two important measurers. These are accounting based measure proxies by ROA and non-accounting based measures by Tobin’s Q. Statistically significant relationships were found across the groupings and for different performance measures. Findings appear to suggest that there is a significant impact of government ownership on company performance after controlling for company specific characteristics.
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Morra, Dante J; Regehr, Glenn; Ginsburg, Shiphra
2009-02-01
Medical students have had a declining interest in family medicine as a career. Some studies have shown a small inverse relationship between debt levels and primary care, but it is unclear how students perceive remuneration in different specialties and how these perceptions might influence career choice. Medical students at one school were surveyed to understand their perceptions of physician remuneration and to gain insight into how these perceptions might affect career selection. Response rate was 72% (560/781 students). Students' estimates of physician income were accurate throughout training, with the overall estimate for family medicine being lower than the actual income by only $10,656. The vast majority of students agreed with the statement that family physicians get paid too little (85%-89% of each class). The importance of payment as a factor in career decision making increased with higher debt and with advancing training. Students are able to accurately predict income by specialty from an early stage of training and have a negative perception of income in family medicine. The perception that family physicians make too little money could be an important driver--or at least a modifier--in the lack of interest in family medicine.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chaves, Francisco David Moya; Jannuzzi, Gilberto de Martino [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica; Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computacao
2008-07-01
The problematic associated to the Distribution Generation (DG) impact has several implications (economic, technical and environmental). The DG can to influence positive (reduction) or negatively (increase) about the level of losses. The impacts caused by the use of DG influence directly on the economic incentives that can get the DG. This paper presents some of the benefits and technical limitations in the use of DG in the provision of active and reactive power for each of the levels of transmission, sub transmission and distribution. An economic review where there is a decrease in the total cost of production of electric energy by the use of DG is shown. This reducing costs, can be used as an additional remuneration for the DG or used also in new investment in the expansion of DG without overlooking that within these technologies, deals are the Renewable Energy Sources. (author)
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Incertidumbre y ajuste por las cantidades en the General Theory
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Adolfo Rodríguez Herrera
2009-06-01
Full Text Available Robert Clower desarrolla una interpretación de la crítica de Keynes al funcionamiento de la economía capitalista en la cual la incertidumbre explica la incapacidad del sistema para alcanzar un equilibrio en todos los mercados, y en particular en el mercado de trabajo. El incumplimiento del principal supuesto de la economía neoclásica, la información perfecta, hace que la tasa de interés pierda su papel regulador y el sistema la capacidad de ajustarse instantáneamente a través de movimientos de los precios: en presencia de desempleo el ingreso individual deja de ser objeto de optimización por parte de los agentes y cualquier shock externo desencadena un ajuste por las cantidades que Keynes denomina efecto multiplicador y que deja al mercado de empleo sin instrumentos para alcanzar su equilibrio.
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Pham, Christine; Bitonte, Robert
2016-04-06
Hippotherapy is the use of equine movement in physical, occupational, or speech therapy in order to obtain functional improvements in patients. Studies show improvement in motor function and sensory processing for patients with a variety of neuromuscular disabilities, developmental disorders, or skeletal impairments as a result of using hippotherapy. The primary objective of this study is to identify the pervasiveness of hippotherapy in Southern California, and any factors that impair its utilization. One hundred and fifty-two rehabilitation centers in the Southern California counties of Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Kern County were identified, and surveyed to ascertain if hippotherapy is utilized, and if not, why not. Through a review of forty facilities that responded to our inquiry, our study indicates that the majority of rehabilitation centers are familiar with hippotherapy, however, only seven have reported that hippotherapy is indeed available as an option in therapy at their centers. It is concluded that hippotherapy, used in a broad based array of physical and sensory disorders, is limited in its ability to be utilized, primarily due to remuneration issues.
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Dahrouge, Simone; Hogg, William E; Russell, Grant; Tuna, Meltem; Geneau, Robert; Muldoon, Laura K; Kristjansson, Elizabeth; Fletcher, John
2012-02-07
Several jurisdictions attempting to reform primary care have focused on changes in physician remuneration. The goals of this study were to compare the delivery of preventive services by practices in four primary care funding models and to identify organizational factors associated with superior preventive care. In a cross-sectional study, we included 137 primary care practices in the province of Ontario (35 fee-for-service practices, 35 with salaried physicians [community health centres], 35 practices in the new capitation model [family health networks] and 32 practices in the established capitation model [health services organizations]). We surveyed 288 family physicians. We reviewed 4108 randomly selected patient charts and assigned prevention scores based on the proportion of eligible preventive manoeuvres delivered for each patient. A total of 3284 patients were eligible for at least one of six preventive manoeuvres. After adjusting for patient profile and contextual factors, we found that, compared with prevention scores in practices in the new capitation model, scores were significantly lower in fee-for-service practices (β estimate for effect on prevention score = -6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] -11.9 to -0.6) and practices in the established capitation model (β = -9.1, 95% CI -14.9 to -3.3) but not for those with salaried remuneration (β = -0.8, 95% CI -6.5 to 4.8). After accounting for physician characteristics and organizational structure, the type of funding model was no longer a statistically significant factor. Compared with reference practices, those with at least one female family physician (β = 8.0, 95% CI 4.2 to 11.8), a panel size of fewer than 1600 patients per full-time equivalent family physician (β = 6.8, 95% CI 3.1 to 10.6) and an electronic reminder system (β = 4.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 8.7) had superior prevention scores. The effect of these three factors was largely but not always consistent across the funding models; it was largely
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Tatyana Aleksandrovna Vilmova
2017-10-01
Full Text Available In the civil legislation in the field of regulation of legal relations between the author-worker and the employer concerning the creation and use of the service results of intellectual activity (RIA, there are a number of unresolved issues. One of them concerns the size, the procedure for determining and paying remuneration to the author of the work. Despite the availability to date of a sufficient number of legal and by-laws (which refer to each other, but do not provide answers to the questions posed, the question of the legal nature of remuneration remains unresolved, as a material benefit paid to the author. As a result, employers or third parties often abuse legislative gaps in order to obtain an object of creative work without payment to the employee for the fairness of the due goods. After the creation of the official RIA, the question arises of the payment or non-payment of remuneration to the employee. After all, it will be profitable for the employer to recognize an object created by a thoughtful way, performed by an employee in the framework of a labor activity or a specific job of the employer. At what, such task should not go beyond the scope of the job description. As compensation, as a rule, will be small. And what if the object is created outside the scope of the labor function? What will be the fair and lawful amount of remuneration? Therefore, it is precisely such concepts as «labor duty» and «specific task of the employer» that become a stumbling block in practice. And when solving the questions posed, the authors often begin to search for answers from the philosophical origins of the origin of remuneration for creative work, using methods of comparative analysis, historical legal methods and even the philosophical teachings of ancient thinkers. Let’s demonstrate this on this topic. The purpose of the scientific article is to solve the problem when collecting the author’s performance results of intellectual activity
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Keppler, Jan Horst
2017-01-01
Economics so far provides little conceptual guidance on capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRM) in deregulated electricity markets. Ubiquitous in real-world electricity markets, CRMs are introduced country by country in an ad hoc manner, lacking the theoretical legitimacy and the conceptual coherence enabling comparability and coordination. They are eyed with suspicion by a profession wedded to a theoretical benchmark model that argues that competitive energy-only markets with VOLL pricing provide adequate levels of capacity. While the benchmark model is a consistent starting point for discussions about electricity market design, it ignores the two market failures that make CRMs the practically appropriate and theoretically justified policy response to capacity issues. First, energy-only markets fail to internalize security-of-supply externalities as involuntary curbs on demand under scarcity pricing generate social costs beyond the private non-consumption of electricity. Second, when demand is inelastic and the potential capacity additions are discretely sized, investors face asymmetric incentives and will underinvest at the margin rather than overinvest. After presenting the key features of the theoretical benchmark model, this paper conceptualizes security of supply externalities and asymmetric investment incentives and concludes with some consideration regarding design of CRMs. - Highlights: • Capacity remuneration mechanisms are ubiquitous in real-world electricity markets. • Theory claims that energy-only markets can provide optimal capacity on their own. • However theory fails to account for two types of market failures. • Involuntary demand curbs under VOLL-pricing create security-of-supply externalities. • With inelastic demand, discretely sized capacity options lead to underinvestment.
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Uso de herramientas numéricas y computacionales en el ajuste de curvas
Ascheri, María; Pizarro, Rubén
2006-01-01
Nuestro objetivo es introducir a los alumnos de Cálculo Numérico en el uso de la técnica de ajuste de curvas por medio de la regresión con mínimos cuadrados en la solución de problemas de ingeniería, de física y de matemática aplicada, utilizando herramientas numéricas y computacionales. La metodología usada para apoyar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de este temática particular de Cálculo Numérico con computadora es la siguiente: se combina la enseñanza tradicional, las técnicas grupales...
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Diferencias en el ajuste psicológico, familiar y escolar en adolescentes agresores de cyberbullying
Ortega-Barón, J.; Buelga, S.; Carrascosa, L.; Cava, M.J.
2016-01-01
INTRODUCCIÓN: El acoso a través de las TICs entre niños y adolescentes suscita gran preocupación en la comunidad científica. Sin embargo, en comparación con la amplia investigación realizada sobre las cibervíctimas, todavía no son muchos los estudios realizados sobre los ciberagresores. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar la existencia de diferencias entre ciberagresores (severos y ocasionales) y adolescentes no implicados en cyberbullying en los indicadores de ajuste psic...
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Alfredo Oliva
2008-01-01
Full Text Available Este estudio ha perseguido dos objetivos fundamentales: encontrar diferentes trayectorias en el consumo de sustancias a lo largo de la adolescencia y analizar las consecuencias que este consumo en la adolescencia temprana y media tiene para el ajuste emocional y comportamental al final de la adolescencia. El estudio, con un diseño descriptivo longitudinal mediante cuestionarios, se llevó a cabo sobre una muestra de 101 adolescentes (63 varones y 38 mujeres que fueron estudiados en 3 ocasiones: a los 13, 15 y 18 años de edad. Los resultados mostraron tres grupos de adolescentes en función de las trayectorias seguidas por su consumo de sustancias: consumo bajo, consumo ascendente y experimentación precoz. La comparación entre estos tres grupos indicó un mejor ajuste psicológico en la adolescencia tardía entre los varones y mujeres del grupo de experimentadores, mientras que los problemas de conducta fueron más frecuentes entre los incluidos en el grupo de consumo ascendente. Por otra parte, los análisis de regresión señalaron que el consumo moderado de sustancias en la adolescencia temprana estaba relacionado con una autoestima más alta y con menos problemas emocionales al final de la adolescencia, pero no con más problemas externos.
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Faria, Pedro; Spinola, Joao; Vale, Zita
2016-01-01
The use of distributed generation and demand-response (DR) programs is needed for improving business models, namely concerning the remuneration of these resources in the context of smart grids. In this paper, a methodology is proposed in which a virtual power player aggregates several small-sized resources, including consumers participating in DR programs. The global operation costs resulting from the resource scheduling are minimized. After scheduling the resources in several operation scena...
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Remuneration Committee, Board Independence and Top Executive Compensation
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Chii-Shyan Kuo
2014-04-01
Full Text Available In this study, we examine whether the levels and structures of top executive compensation vary discernibly with different levels of board independence. We also examine how the newly mandated adoption of the remuneration committee (RC in Taiwan affects the board independence-executive pay relation. The mandatory establishment of RC for Taiwanese public firms, starting in 2011, is intended to strengthen the reasonableness and effectiveness of the executive compensation structure; thus, it is timely and of interest for practitioners and regulators to understand whether the establishment of RCs can effectively discipline top executive compensation policies. We first find that CEOs of firms that do not appoint independent directors have greater levels of annual pay than is the case for firms that have appointed independent directors, after controlling for the effect of CEO pay determinants. Second, we find that CEO pay for early RC adopters is more closely related to firm performance. Third, we find that the establishing of RCs may decrease CEO pay and enhance the pay-performance association, in particular for firms that have not appointed independent directors; however, this effect is not found to be statistically significant.
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2010-04-01
... distribution of newspapers, shopping news, or magazines. 31.3401(a)(10)-1 Section 31.3401(a)(10)-1 Internal..., shopping news, or magazines. (a) Services of individuals under age 18. Remuneration for services performed... services performed by an employee in, and at the time of, the sale of newspapers or magazines to ultimate...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
García Carbonell, Natalia
2013-05-01
Full Text Available Tradicionalmente la literatura ha considerado la necesidad del doble ajuste, vertical y horizontal, de la estrategia de recursos humanos en las organizaciones. Su importancia estratégica ha sido demostrada en buena parte de los estudios empíricos planteados. Sin embargo, la complejidad de este proceso requiere de un análisis más profundo que permita identificar los elementos que lo hacen posible. En el presente trabajo, partiendo de la revisión de la literatura de las perspectivas de investigación en dirección estratégica de recursos humanos y del concepto «fortaleza del sistema de recursos humanos» propuesto por Bowen y Ostroff (2004, discutimos los 3 factores que integran dicho concepto y su relación con el ajuste del sistema. Como consecuencia de ello, definimos 3 proposiciones teóricas que explican la vinculación entre ambas dimensiones y la fortaleza del sistema.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Raquel Ruiz Aparicio
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Las personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA tienen características únicas y hay una falta de conocimiento sobre cómo estas características podrían influir en sus familias y en el ajuste conductual, emocional y social de sus hermanos. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de centrarse en los hermanos de estas personas con TEA y realizar una revisión teórica relacionada con el ajuste conductual, emocional y social de hermanos de niños con TEA. Un total de 24 artículos han sido incluidos y analizados con el fin de encontrar resultados relevantes que puedan ayudar a entender las necesidades de estos hermanos. El estudio sugiere, en ocasiones, resultados diferentes pero identifica aquellos factores de riesgo que podrían impactar en el núcleo familiar y, principalmente, en los hermanos de niños con TEA.
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EFECTOS DE ENTRENAR PARA CUMPLIR CRITERIOS DE CONGRUENCIA EN TAREAS DE AJUSTE LECTOR
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Germán Morales-Chávez
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La presente investigación evaluó los efectos de entrenar estudiantes universitarios para satisfacer criterios de congruenciaen tareas de ajuste lector con base en parámetros de congruenciay de coherencia. El grupo experimental fue entrenadopara satisfacer criterios de congruencia y fue expuestoa dos pruebas de evaluación en satisfacción de criterios decongruencia y coherencia. El grupo control solo fue sometidoa las pruebas de evaluación. Los resultados revelan que elentrenamiento favoreció la satisfacción de criterios tanto decongruencia como de coherencia. Se discute la relevancia deldesempeño efectivo en una situación lectora con criterios decongruencia como condición para el desarrollo de conductaslectoras funcionalmente más complejas.
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COMPARACIÓN DE HABILIDADES SOCIALES Y AJUSTE PSICOLÓGICO EN NIÑOS MEXICANOS DE TRES CONDICIONES
Claudia González Fragoso; Amada Ampudia Rueda; Yolanda Guevara Benítez
2014-01-01
Las habilidades sociales en la infancia guardan una estrech a relación con aspectos como autoestima, ansiedad y depresión. Tales variables son indicadoras del ajuste psicológico, que puede alterarse en los niños que son víctimas de violencia o que viven en institucion es. Para contar con datos sobre niños mexicanos, el presente estudio exploratorio evaluó y comparó los niveles mostrados en habilidades sociales, autoestima, ansiedad y depresión en tres grupos de niños que se hallaban en cond...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ricardo José Peña Lindarte
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo está basado en el planteamiento metodológico desarrollado en el Manual de Capacidad de Carreteras de Estados Unidos (HCM - Highway Capacity Manual, de la Transportation Research Board (TRB, para el análisis de capacidad y niveles de servicio en intersecciones semaforizadas, asociado al factor de ajuste por utilización de carril (fLU, que corresponde a uno de los once factores de ajuste propuestos en la metodología de cálculo, en el módulo de intensidades de saturación. La estimación del factor fLU plantea la definición de una metodología teniendo en cuenta las condiciones operacionales de intersecciones se- maforizadas en Bogotá D. C. a partir del análisis de las corrientes vehiculares, que incluye caracterización vial y del tránsito, con base en muestreos estadísticos, toma y procesamiento de información de campo y análisis de datos. El estudio establece, entre otros aspectos, ecuaciones que permiten obtener datos referenciales para la determinación de factores de ajuste por utilización de carril en vías de Bogotá en función de las tipologías de los accesos y el volumen vehicular prevaleciente para el análisis de intersecciones semaforizadas; por ejemplo, para el caso específico de vías con accesos de dos carriles directos (2CCD la ecuación básica determinada fue y=-3,03E-08X2+3,44E-05X+0,888988, con coeficiente de correlación igual a 1,0, donde la variable dependiente y corresponde al factor fLU y la variable independiente X es el volumen en vehículos mixtos/hora, ecuación considerada estadísticamente significativa. Finalmente, se presenta el análisis comparativo de los factores de ajuste por utilización de carril estimados en el estudio, comparando los valores recomendados por el HCM, sustentándose así las conclusiones y recomendaciones, de las cuales se extracta la validación de los factores recomendados por el HCM, y se propone utilizar para los proyectos de diseño y planeamiento semaf
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Sánchez Monescillo, Andrés
2015-01-01
1. INTRODUCCIÓN Y JUSTIFICACIÓN Aún quedan gran cantidad de elementos y variables que pueden influir en el ajuste interno de las restauraciones y cuyo desconocimiento obliga a seguir investigando. Este estudio permite conocer si existe una influencia real en el ajuste interno de estructuras de zirconia fabricadas mediante tecnología CAD-CAM en función del tipo de cemento utilizado y del tipo de convergencia oclusal de la preparación realizada. 2. OBJETIVOS - Evaluar la influencia de disti...
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Efectos de entrenar para cumplir criterios de congruencia en tareas de ajuste lector
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Germán Morales-Chávez
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La presente investigación evaluó los efectos de entrenar estudiantes universitarios para satisfacer criterios de congruencia en tareas de ajuste lector con base en parámetros de congruencia y de coherencia. El grupo experimental fue entrenado para satisfacer criterios de congruencia y fue expuesto a dos pruebas de evaluación en satisfacción de criterios de congruencia y coherencia. El grupo control solo fue sometido a las pruebas de evaluación. Los resultados revelan que el entrenamiento favoreció la satisfacción de criterios tanto de congruencia como de coherencia. Se discute la relevancia del desempeño efectivo en una situación lectora con criterios de congruencia como condición para el desarrollo de conductas lectoras funcionalmente más complejas.
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Ajustement de la courbe de lactation de la chèvre locale dans les zones arides Tunisiennes
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Ilyes Mekki
2011-10-01
Full Text Available Les performances laitières de la chèvre locale dans les zones arides tunisiennes dépendent des capacités génétiques de l’effet des conditions du milieu et du mode de conduite des troupeaux. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les performances laitières de la chèvre locale en fonction de ces facteurs à travers l’ajustement de la courbe de lactation. De telles connaissances sont indispensables pour planifier la gestion raisonnable de cette ressource animale rustique dans des conditions naturelles difficiles. Les données utilisées pour cette étude sont issues de 10 campagnes de contrôle laitier réalisé au niveau d’un troupeau caprin expérimental conduit dans les régions arides. Suite à l’élaboration des données, l’application des procédures de régression non linéaire a identifié le modèle de Wood comme le plus adaptée pour l’ajustement de la courbe de lactation de la chèvre locale. Ce modèle a été appliqué pour estimer les paramètres de la lactation individuelle et l’étude des facteurs de variation. Les résultats d’ajustements des données montrent que la lactation de la chèvre locale évolue après la mise bas selon une trajectoire assez aplatie. Les performances de la chèvre locale sont assez réduites et similaires à celles observées pour des populations élevées dans des zones difficiles tunisiennes de point de vue climatique et pastorale. La moyenne de production initiale observée est de 720 g/j, le pic de lactation est observé au 17ème jour lorsqu’une chèvre produit en moyenne 980g/j. La réduction des potentialités laitières de la chèvre locale illustre les effets du processus de sélection naturelle qui a favorisé l’adaptation aux conditions difficiles des régions arides. Les résultats contribuent à la caractérisation de la chèvre locale et à la planification de son amélioration comme étant une ressource génétique locale et rustique.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Senent, Juan Antonio
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Abstract: This work provides an analysis of adjustment or disadjustment of human rights from Ignacio Ellacuría thesis. We must first place this analysis in the critical context that animatesit, the horizon of historical praxis. From there, a rationale for its adjustment in relation to human praxis is proposed, as well as a critical study of the role such adjustment or maladjustment of regulatory schemes currently plays in the overall regulatory process within the social practices in the contemporary civilization stage.In turn, we conduct an analysis of the struggle to articulate other regulatory schemes that respond more tightly to the demands of justiceagainst others and nature.Resumo: Este trabajo realiza un análisis sobre el ajuste o desajuste de los derechos humanos a partir de la tesis de Ignacio Ellacuría. Se trata primero de ubicar este análisis en el contexto crítico que lo anima, el horizonte de la praxis histórica. Desde ahí se propone una fundamentación del ajuste en su relación con la praxis humana, así como el estudio crítico del papel que ese ajuste o desajuste de los esquemas normativos juega actualmente en el conjunto del procesonormativo en el seno de las prácticas sociales en la presente fase civilizatoria. A su vez, se aborda un análisis de la lucha por articular otros esquemas normativos que respondan más ajustadamentea las exigencias de la justicia frente a los otros y a la naturaleza.
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Juliana Gonçalves de Araújo
2015-08-01
Full Text Available Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a relação do nível de governança com o atendimento aos critérios de evidenciação dispostos no CPC 12, referente às práticas do Ajuste a Valor Presente, nas empresas do setor de Construção e Transporte listadas na BM&FBovespa entre os anos de 2008 a 2012. No entanto, foram excluídas algumas empresas, por estas não apresentarem indícios, em quaisquer dos anos, da realização do Ajuste a Valor Presente. Assim, a amostra deste estudo foi composta por 72 companhias, as quais evidenciaram, seja em Nota Explicativa ou em conta de Balanço Patrimonial, indício da prática de Ajuste a Valor Presente. Foi possível verificar que as divulgações realizadas estão aquém das propostas pelo CPC 12, e que as mudanças ocorridas no processo de ajuste são pouco divulgadas, constituindo um cenário que pouco se modifica. O único item que sofreu uma grande elevação de atendimento foi o da divulgação das práticas gerais de Ajuste a Valor Presente em Notas Explicativas, principalmente no ano de 2010, devido à compulsoriedade da aplicação das normas contábeis nas entidades de capital aberto. O item que menos foi atendido referiu-se à evidenciação dos modelos de cálculos para aplicação do Ajuste a Valor Presente. Apesar da descrição do item objeto do Ajuste a Valor Presente ter grande representatividade, as entidades ainda necessitam divulgar melhor as premissas, montante e horizonte temporal destes. Também foi possível observar, através do uso do teste Exato de Fisher, uma relação entre o nível de governança e o nível de atendimento, onde aquelas que pertencem ao Novo Mercado se apresentam mais propensas a evidenciar melhor suas informações, enquanto as que não estão enquadradas nos níveis de governança apresentam um nível de atendimento insatisfatório.
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Competency development and labour remuneration system
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T. V. Sabetova
2016-01-01
Full Text Available This article addresses the problems of competency development and of competency-based approach to labour stimulation. The objective of the performed research was to determine the key types of professional competencies, their influence upon work performance, and way of their development. Two variants of competency understanding are outlined depending on the actual performance enabled by the competency presence and maturity: competency as an employee’s potential, and competency as the measure of labour activity goal achievement, which is in fact the realization of the potential. The system of labour remuneration based on the competency approach and including three types of bonuses was worked out. It includes minimum bonus applied for one-time reward of an employee’s success, qualification bonus requiring formal proof of the qualification level, bonus rewarding successful competency appliance. The competency classification based on three key features was suggested for more efficient analysis of competency appliance opportunities: maturity, or development degree; source or way of acquire ment; scope of possible appliance. The need to spend time and effort for obtaining and developing nearly all possible competencies was po inted out. Special attention is paid to forming labour competencies during the period of a person’s life when he is emp loyed. The sources of the competency formation for the employees were discussed and the problem of performing competency development activities at the expense of other types of activities was stressed out. The conclusion was made, that the employers and em ployees need to share the weight of means and efforts required for competency formation and development to enable the latter to perfo rm their duties more effectively in the future.
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Mariana Martins dos Santos
2012-06-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: verificar a influência das propriedades dos objetos nos ajustes realizados por lactentes típicos e com Síndrome de Down (SD dos quatro aos oito meses de idade ao alcançar e apreender objetos. MÉTODOS: 16 lactentes, avaliados uma vez ao mês dos 4 aos 8 meses, sendo oito típicos e oito com SD. Quatro objetos esféricos (maleável grande, maleável pequeno, rígido grande e rígido pequeno foram apresentados, e os cinco primeiros movimentos válidos foram registrados para análise das variáveis: ajuste proximal (uni e bimanual, ajuste distal (orientação da palma, abertura da mão e apreensão do objeto. RESULTADOS: os lactentes típicos apresentaram mais ajuste bimanual para objetos grandes aos seis e oito meses e os com SD aos sete meses. Quanto aos ajustes distais, os lactentes típicos variaram seu comportamento enquanto os com SD apresentaram uso predominante da posição oblíqua. Em geral, o grupo típico apresentou maior sucesso na apreensão dos objetos rígidos e maleável pequeno quando comparados aos lactentes com SD. CONCLUSÕES: Os lactentes com SD apresentaram menor variedade de ajustes o que levou a um menor sucesso na apreensão, possivelmente devido a restrições intrínsecas da SD.OBJECTIVES: to verify the influence that properties of objects have on the reaching and grasping adjustments made by infants with and without Down syndrome (DS between four to eight months of age. METHODS: 16 infants, eight typical and eight with DS, were evaluated once a month from months 4 to 8. Four spherical objects (large soft, small soft, large hard and small hard were offered and the first five valid movements were recorded for analysis of the variables: proximal adjustment (uni- and bimanual, distal adjustments (palm orientation, hand opening and grasping of the object. RESULTS: the typical infants displayed greater bimanual adjustment for large objects at six and eight months and those with DS at seven months. As for distal
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Ajuste econômico e desemprego recente no Brasil metropolitano
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MARCIO POCHMANN
2015-12-01
Full Text Available resumo O presente artigo trata da evolução da taxa de desemprego no início do ano 2015. Três partes compõem de forma consecutiva e encadeada a partir da premissa de que as mudanças no interior do mercado de trabalho sinalizadas principalmente pelo aumento dos desempregados são geradas fundamentalmente pelo avanço da recessão na economia brasileira. A primeira parte aponta as principais alterações no rendimento e emprego da mão de obra no mercado de trabalho do Brasil metropolitano durante os meses de janeiro a julho de 2015, enquanto a segunda parte descreve brevemente as características mais importantes que decorrem do aumento recente da taxa de desemprego. Por fim, a terceira parte registra comparativamente os reflexos da adoção das políticas de ajustes econômicos no desemprego em anos selecionados durante as últimas três décadas. Dessa forma, constata-se o grau de intensidade atual na evolução da taxa de desemprego com a de outros momentos vividos no país.
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2010-04-01
... (CONTINUED) EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Collection of Income Tax at Source § 31.3401(a)(8)(B)-1 Remuneration for services... based upon any evidence reasonably sufficient to induce such belief, even though such evidence may be...
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Elementos para el análisis de los programas de ajuste
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Villamizar Helena
1991-12-01
Full Text Available
La aplicación de las políticas generales, preconizadas por los programas de ajuste en América Latina, en la mayoría de los casos no dieron los resultados deseados. Su éxito necesariamente requería del cumplimiento de ciertos supuestos y condiciones que permitieran que las políticas de "gestión de demanda no generaran efectos negativos sobre el crecimiento en el largo plazo. Al no cumplirse algunos de 105 supuestos teóricos básicos, y al no contar los países con flujos de capitales adecuados y con un entorno externo abierto, la aplicación de estos programas se tradujo en grandes sacrificios en el crecimiento y muchas veces en la perpetuación de situaciones recesivas. Puesto que la región aun no ha encontrado una verdadera vía de solución, se hace imperioso abordar la construcción de una nueva perspectiva teórica, basada en supuestos realistas, que permita abordar los apremiantes problemas del desarrollo latinoamericano.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Grigoleit, Andreas; Goetz, Katharina [Anwaltsbuero Andreas Grigoleit, Hamburg (Germany)
2009-10-15
Before the liberalisation of the power market in the year 1998, there were no possibility and necessity to examine the remuneration of grid utilization of the grid operators in an isolated manner for its equity. The aim of the liberalisation of the power market was to prevent the monopolistic position of the local current providers. The final break-through for the examination of the remuneration of grid utilization was obtained at 18th October, 2005. At this day, the Federal High Court (Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany) decided that the grid operator has to determine the payment according to cheaper discretion. The equity has to be a subject to a determination of a judicial verification. The principle of reasonability would concretize the criterion of cheap discretion in the range of application of the regulation paragraph 315 of the German Civil Code (BGB). The paragraph 23a of the Energy Economy Law (EnWG) now requires the permission of the Federal Network Agency or of the national regulation authorities for the definition of the remuneration of grid utilization. Doubts about are partly announced whether these regulated remunerations are a subject of verification after paragraph 315 BGB.
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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sekamane, Jonas Khubute; Katz, Jonas; Skytte, Klaus
2017-01-01
This review of the literature collects innovative market mechanisms that tend to get overlooked in the discussion of whether unassisted energy-only markets can ensure sufficient capacity or if capacity remuneration mechanisms are required. The paper complements existing literature reviews...... and pinpoints advantageous research areas relating to the market design of electricity systems with high shares of variable renewable energy...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Padrón Abad
2016-12-01
El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los factores de desarrollo cognitivo, ajuste emocional del individuo AH/SD y sus impactos en la vida profesional y laboral. La metodología empleada está basada en una investigación bibliográfica, exploratoria y descriptiva realizada a partir de referencias teóricas, referentes al tema, previamente analizadas y publicadas. En este sentido, se iniciará considerando los factores que facilitan el ajuste emocional de individuos AH/SD (familiares, escolares, laborales e interpersonales. Posteriormente, se analizará la pregunta: ¿por qué existen personas que a pesar de vivir en situaciones sociales y económicas desfavorables pueden desarrollar sus AH/SD y ser profesionales de éxito, mientras otros, con todas las oportunidades en la vida no llegan al éxito profesional ni contribuyen efectivamente con la sociedad? Con la intención de responder esa pregunta se estudiarán: el concepto de resiliencia, la Teoría de la Evaluación Cognitiva de Lazarus y la Teoría de la Desintegración Positiva de Dabrowski. De esta manera, se concluye la importancia de aplicar de manera efectiva los modelos teóricos ya propuestos, de modo comprensivo y explicativo, de las AH/SD acerca de los aspectos del desarrollo cognitivo y emocional de los individuos.
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Comparación entre varias poblaciones estándar para el ajuste por edades
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Javier Llorca Díaz
2000-01-01
Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Analizar el efecto que tiene la elección de una población de referencia sobre diferentes indicadores derivados de las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad. MÉTODOS: Las tasas de mortalidad por diferentes causas de muerte en España de 1971 a 1992 son ajustadas empleando cuatro poblaciones de referencia: poblaciones españolas de 1971 y 1992, población estándar europea y población estándar mundial. Los resultados obtenidos con las cuatro poblaciones se comparan empleando tres indicadores: diferencia entre las tasas de 1992 y 1971, razón entre las tasas de 1992 y 1971y cambio anual porcentual entre 1971 y 1992. RESULTADOS: En la mayor parte de las causas de muerte estudiadas incluyendo el total de causas, la cardiopatía isquémica y casi todos los tumores, la razón de tasas y el porcentaje de cambio anual son similares con independencia de cuál sea la población estándar empleada. En cambio, la diferencia de tasas es muy diferente en función de la población de referencia. En las enfermedades infecciosas y el cáncer de testículo se produce la situación contraria: la diferencia de tasas es robusta mientras que la razón de tasas varía con la población estándar. Finalmente, la mortalidad por neumonía, enfermedad de Parkinson y cáncer de encéfalo muestra cambios en los tres indicadores utilizados. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario realizar un análisis de las tasas específicas por edad antes de proceder a su ajuste. Este análisis permite averiguar si el ajuste por edades es correcto y qué indicador (diferencia, razón o cambio porcentual será adecuado para realizar comparaciones.
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Os benefícios da hipoterapia nos ajustes posturais em crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral
Daniela Carrogi Vianna; Maria Elisabete Salina Saldanha; Leide Masieiro Taques Moeckel Amaral
2017-01-01
Paralisia Cerebral é uma afecção encefálica que ocorre na fase maturacional, apresentando seqüelas variáveis, envolvendo desordens de postura e movimentos. Examinaram-se alterações posturais de pacientes portadores de Paralisia Cerebral durante e após a realização de Hipoterapia, observando ajustes posturais. Participaram oito crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos, com tetraparesia espástica, apresentando déficics das reações básicas de endireitamento, proteção e equilíbrio. Utilizou-se a Hipoterapia c...
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Ajuste psicosocial y vivencia de la adopción en niños/as adoptados/as internacionalmente
Reinoso Bernuz, Marta
2013-01-01
[esp] La adopción internacional ha adquirido en España unas muy notables dimensiones y el desarrollo y la adaptación de estos niños se ha convertido en un asunto de gran importancia. La presente tesis doctoral pretende contribuir al conocimiento en esta área y tiene por objetivo analizar el nivel de ajuste psicosocial, la vivencia de la adopción y el afrontamiento del estrés en la mediana infancia (8-12 años) de los niños adoptados internacionalmente en nuestro país. Esta tesis se con...
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2010-04-01
... Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION... Tax at Source § 31.3401(a)(11)-1 Remuneration other than in cash for service not in the course of... other than cash, such as lodging, food, or other goods or commodities, for services not in the course of...
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Independence and executive remuneration for supervisory board members and non-executive directors
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Hana Horak
2011-01-01
Full Text Available In this paper, the author analyses the issues of independence and rewarding members of supervisory boards and non-executive directors in administrative boards. The question of independence was developed as one of the fundamental issues of corporative administration. Members of these organs of society should have the appropriate qualifications, specific knowledge and skills in order to reasonably and impartially weigh up social business and reach decisions in the best interests of society, its members and other interest holders. So that they can act in accordance with this, the presumption is that they are independent. Recently, after financial crises, it is precisely the independence of supervisory members, that is, non-executive directors, which is considered to be the foundation of the fight against the opportunism of administration and main shareholders. The authors analyse the Recommendations on Independence and Executive Remuneration for members of supervisory and administrative boards of the European Union, together with their implementation in Croatian law and practice.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Clause Fátima de Brum Piana
2007-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ajuste do rendimento pela variação do estande em experimentos de feijão e propor procedimento para ajustamento por análise de co-variação. Utilizaram-se dados de 33 ambientes do Ensaio Estadual de Feijão do Rio Grande do Sul. Realizaram-se as análises de variação e de co-variação de rendimento e de estande em cada ambiente. Foram considerados quatro modelos de ajustamento alternativos: sem ajuste para a variação do estande; com ajuste para o estande médio geral; com ajuste para os estandes médios dos genótipos; e com ajuste para os estandes médios dos grupos de genótipos. Em 70% dos ambientes, ocorreu efeito linear ou quadrático significativo de estande sobre rendimento e em 85% efeito significativo de genótipo sobre estande. O efeito compensatório manifestou-se com diferentes intensidades nos ambientes. O ajuste do rendimento para a variação do estande, considerando o efeito de genótipos sobre o estande, é importante em ensaios de melhoramento do feijão. É necessário o registro de informações que permitam discriminar a origem da variação do estande.The objective of this work was to evaluate the adjustment of the yield for the stand in common bean experiments and to propose a procedure for the adjustment through covariance analysis. Data from 33 environments of the Common Bean Assay of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were used. Variance and covariance analyses of yield and stand were proceeded for each environment. Four alternative models were considered: without adjustment for stand; with adjustment for the average stand; with adjustment for the genotypes average stand; and with adjustment for the groups of genotypes average stand. Significant linear or quadratic effects of stand on yield occurred in 70% of the environments and of genotype on stand in 85%. The compensatory effect was manifested with different intensities in the environments. The adjustment of the yield
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Ajuste fiscal nos estados: uma análise do período 1998-2006 Fiscal adjustment in brazilian states
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Sérgio Wulff Gobetti
2010-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a forma de enquadramento dos estados ao Programa de Ajuste Fiscal (PAF e à Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF, destacando seus impactos nas escolhas de alocação dos recursos públicos e na taxa de investimento. Os resultados obtidos após minucioso trabalho de depuração das bases de dados confirmam a melhoria da situação financeira de estados no período posterior à LRF, mas sugerem que existe um trade-off entre os indicadores fiscais, de um lado, e os investimentos e gastos em infraestrutura, de outro, exigindo uma reflexão sobre a qualidade e sustentabilidade do ajuste fiscal. Os dados orçamentários analisados também apontam evidências de contabilidade criativa.The objective of this article is to offer an analysis of the accommodation by Brazilian states with Fiscal Adjustment Program and with Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA, showing their impacts on the choices of public resources allocation and on the investment rate. The results obtained after detailed work of data depuration confirm the improvement of financial situation of the states in the period post FRA, but also suggest the existence of a trade-off between fiscal indicators and infrastructure investment, demanding a reflection about the quality and the sustainability of the fiscal adjustment. The budget data analyzed also indicate evidences of creative accountability.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zybell, G.
1995-01-01
Co-operation between industrial autoproducers and the public utilities has a long tradition in Germany. This is particularly the case in combined heat and power generation. In 1993 electricity supplied by third parties contributed with approximately 14% to electricity demand coverage. This is (as in Italy) the next highest proportion in the EU. In 1994 the industry's associations -BDI, VIK and VDEW - agreed upon new remuneration models for electricity supplied by combined heat and power stations and plants on the basis of renewable energies. Additionally, principles agreed upon in 1979 were further developed. (orig.) [de
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Patrícia Grativol Costa
2008-06-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas pré-operatórias dos pacientes com estrabismo secundário à orbitopatia de Graves e os resultados da cirurgia com anestesia tópica e sutura ajustável. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram pesquisados os prontuários de todos os pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de estrabismo no período de março de 1994 a maio de 2004. Destes, foram separados aqueles com estrabismo associado à orbitopatia de Graves submetidos à cirurgia ajustável com anestesia tópica. As características clínicas pré-operatórias e os resultados cirúrgicos foram levantados a partir desta análise. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 13 pacientes. O tipo de desvio mais freqüentemente encontrado foi esotropia com hipotropia. Em 9 pacientes modificou-se o retrocesso programado no pré-operatório. Três casos necessitaram de uma segunda cirurgia. Após 6 meses de seguimento, 8 dos 13 pacientes estavam ortotrópicos ou com foria pequena e com algum grau de estereopsia. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo observou-se que 62% (8/13 dos pacientes apresentavam hipotropia com esotropia, provavelmente por causa do comprometimento associado do reto inferior e reto medial. Nove dos 13 pacientes necessitaram de ajuste no peroperatório e apenas 3 foram reoperados, indicando a importância da técnica ajustável para melhor alinhamento ocular no pós-operatório, possibilitando obter resultados mais satisfatórios.PURPOSE: To report the clinical features of strabismus associated with Graves' orbitopathy, and the results of surgery with adjustable suture under drop anesthesia. METHODS: The charts of 13 patients who had surgical treatment for strabismus related to Graves' orbitopathy at Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo were retrospectively reviewed. Ocular motility, sensorial examination and the follow-up after strabismus correction were studied. RESULTS
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Silvia da Costa
2015-05-01
Full Text Available Se examinan en un estudio experimental los efectos de la inducción de afectividad positiva en la creatividad y la importancia de las emociones como variables mediadoras. Se indujo alta y baja afectividad positiva pidiendo a las personas participantes que redactaran tres poemas haikus sobre dos estímulos de connotación positiva, alta (N = 28 y baja (N = 28. Las personas escribieron sobre su experiencia de enamoramiento más intenso y contestaron una escala sobre las emociones sentidas al redactar el texto, una medida de crecimiento personal y una tercera referida a la obtención de metas adaptativas después del episodio. En la condición de alta afectividad positiva se informó de más emociones positivas y menos negativas al narrar la experiencia, un mayor crecimiento personal y un mayor ajuste. Jueces independientes evaluaron como más originales el último poema y la narración de la experiencia en la condición de alta afectividad positiva. Un análisis mediacional mostró que las emociones positivas explicaban la influencia de la manipulación sobre el crecimiento personal y el ajuste percibido.
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José Andrés Peña-Pinzón
2014-05-01
Full Text Available Se explora el efecto de la saliencia de la categorización social inmigrante y su interacción con diferencias sociodemográficas (nivel de estudios, situación laboral, sexo de los sujetos, en ajuste psicológico, bienestar psicológico y autoestima. 210 inmigrantes de origen sudamericano, residentes en las provincias de Granada y Almería, fueron distribuidos en dos condiciones experimentales: "saliencia baja/alta de la categorización social inmigrante". Encontramos efecto de la manipulación sobre las medidas de pertenencia e identidad (autoestima colectiva, autoestima individual, ansiedad (SA-45 y bienestar laboral. Cuando la saliencia de la categorización social es baja (vs. alta, los sujetos presentan mejor autoestima, menos ansiedad y menos bienestar laboral. El sexo se asocia con la manipulación experimental en las escalas privada y pública (autoestima colectiva y en somatización, depresión y ansiedad (SA45. Los hombres para los que es menos saliente su condición de inmigrante presentan resultados más óptimos. El nivel de estudios y la situación laboral se asocian con ajuste psicológico: los sujetos sin trabajo (vs. los que están trabajando y los de estudios básicos o sin estudios (vs. los de estudios medios o superiores presentan peor ajuste.
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Mostafa, Alyaa; Agur, Wael; Abdel-All, Mohamed; Guerrero, Karen; Lim, Chi; Allam, Mohamed; Yousef, Mohamed; N'Dow, James; Abdel-fattah, Mohamed
2012-11-01
To compare the postoperative pain profile, peri-operative details, and short-term patient-reported and objective success rates of single-incision mini-slings (SIMS) versus standard mid-urethral slings (SMUS). In a multicentre prospective randomised trial in six UK centres in the period between October 2009 and October 2010, 137 women were randomised to either adjustable SIMS (Ajust®, C. R. Bard Inc., NJ, USA), performed under local anaesthesia as an opt-out policy (n=69), or SMUS (TVT-O™, Ethicon Inc., Somerville, USA) performed under general anaesthesia (n=68). Randomisation was done through number-allocation software and using telephone randomisation. Postoperative pain profile (primary outcome) was assessed on a ten-point visual analogue scale at fixed time-points. Pre- and post operatively (4-6 months) women completed symptom severity, urgency perception scale (UPS), quality of life and sexual function questionnaires. In addition, women completed a Patient Global Impression of Improvement Questionnaire and underwent a cough stress test at 4-6 months follow up. Sample size calculation was performed and data were analysed using SPSS 18. Descriptive analyses are given and between-group comparisons were performed using chi-square, Fischer exact test and Mann-Whitney test as appropriate. Significance level was set at 5%. Women in the SIMS Ajust® group had a significantly lower postoperative pain profile up to 4 weeks (p=TVT-O™ groups respectively. There was a trend towards higher rates of de novo urgency or worsening of pre-existing urgency in the SIMS Ajust® group (21.7% versus 8.8%) but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.063). Women in the SIMS Ajust® group had shorter hospital stay (median (IQR) 3.65 (2.49, 4.96)) compared to (4.42 (3.16, 5.56)) the TVT-O™ group 95% CI (-0.026, 1.326), with significantly earlier return to normal activities (p=0.025) and to work (p=0.006). The adjustable single-incision mini-sling (Ajust®) is associated
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Clovisson Menotti Boeira de Oliveira
2014-12-01
Full Text Available A capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (CMAP é um parâmetro bastante útil para caracterizar a capacidade de adsorção de fósforo (P do solo e, por isso, o modelo de Langmuir, que possibilita essa estimativa, é bastante difundido. Porém, se o ajuste da equação for realizado por modelos não lineares ou linearizados, ou se forem escolhidos modelos de região única ou múltiplas, nem sempre os valores estimados da CMAP e da constante de energia de ligação (k são semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes métodos de ajuste do modelo de Langmuir sobre os valores estimados de CMAP e k. Para isso, utilizouse um único solo de alta capacidade de adsorção de P, o qual foi misturado a quantidades crescentes de areia lavada, construindo-se sistemas com capacidades de sorção crescentes, mas com a fase sólida constituída da mesma mineralogia. Foi utilizado solo do horizonte B de um Latossolo Bruno com 800 g kg-1 de argila, o qual foi misturado com areia em quantidades para obterem-se solos artificiais com 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g kg-1 de argila. Esses solos artificiais foram incubados por 30 dias com calcário para elevar o pH(H2O até 6,0 e, após, foram secos em estufa e peneirados. Foram realizadas as isotermas de adsorção e os dados ajustados pelo modelo de Langmuir, usando os seguintes métodos: NLin - não linear com região única; L-1R - linearização com região única; L-2RG - linearização com duas regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-3RG - linearização com três regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-2RE linerização com duas regiões, ajuste estatístico. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os métodos utilizados estimaram valores de CMAP proporcionais ao teor de argila dos solos e poderiam ser usados para caracterizar os solos. Contudo, quando utilizados ajustes com mais de uma região de adsorção, os valores da CMAP para a última região foram sensivelmente superiores
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Horter, H; Zapp, W; Driessen, M
2016-07-01
The German fixed rate remuneration system in psychiatry and psychosomatics (PEPP) has been criticized by many specialty associations because negative effects on mental healthcare are expected through economic incentives. Through analysis of performance data in the treatment of alcohol dependency at the Evangelical Hospital Bielefeld (Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, EvKB) from 2014 and various simulations, the incentives of the PEPP (version 2015) were analyzed and its potential impact on patient care was evaluated. Groups of cases were created based on the clinical data. Various parameters were evaluated, such as duration of treatment, PEPP coding, loss of income by merging cases and case remuneration. Additionally, changes in the duration of treatment, the intensity of treatment and the intensity of care were simulated. In the simulations a reduction in the duration of treatment by 16.1 % led to additional revenues of 1.9 % per treatment day. The calculated additional costs of 1:1 care and intensive nursing care were not completely covered by the additional revenues, whereas psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment programs showed positive profit contributions. Complicated cases with increased merging of cases showed lower revenues but with above average expenditure of efforts. The current version of the PEPP leads to misdirected incentives in patient care. This is caused, for example, by the fact that higher profit contributions can be realized in some patient groups and intensive nursing care of patients is insufficiently represented. It is not clear whether these incentives will persist or can be compensated in subsequent versions of the system.
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Rosa María Estévez Campos; Alfredo Oliva Delgado; Águeda Parra Jiménez
2012-01-01
El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la vivencia de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes y los problemas de ajuste emocional y comportamental durante la adolescencia, prestando atención al posible efecto moderador del estilo de afrontamiento. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 90 adolescentes que fueron seguidos durante seis años, desde su adolescencia media (15-16 años) hasta la adultez emergente (21-22 años). Completaron cuestionarios sobre su vivencia de aco...
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2015-11-01
A new remuneration system is currently being developed for the hospital care of people with mental disorders. Last year, because of sharp criticism the option phase of the planned Flat-rate Charges in Psychiatry and Psychosomatics (Pauschalierende Entgelte Psychiatrie und Psychosomatik, PEPP) was extended by 2 years. During this time the Federal Ministry of Health wants to look for alternatives and possible starting points for the further development of care. Now, 16 scientific professional associations and organisations have presented a joint concept for a sustainable solution: the budget-based remuneration system. The system is suitable for ensuring that people with mental disorders are treated according to their particular needs and for promoting the appropriate further development of regional care in all treatment settings. It corresponds with the objectives as formulated in Section 17d of the Hospital Finance Act (Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetz, KHG) and translates the PEPP system, which is currently being developed and focusses on average prices, into a performance-oriented, transparent budgetary system. The fundamental principle is the separation of the individual hospitals' budgeting on the basis of evidence-based, feature- and performance-related modules and billing in the form of advance payments from the agreed budget.
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Rieiro, I.
1996-10-01
Full Text Available An integrated computational method to solve the Zener-Hollomon equation has been developed by the authors. This method solves the fitting problem of the equation of Zener-Hollomon for wide ranges of applied stress, strain rate and work temperature by means of the progressive application of three kinds of algorithms. In the first place a program, by means of a reiterated linear regression by planes, allows to get some values that will be later the initial values of a second block of algorithms. It permits also to purify the experimental data set. The second block of algorithms carries out a fitting by nonlinear least squares using a variation of the modified Gauss-Newton method. In the third place a group of programs is chained that permit iterate starting by the solution of the previous program approaching (if it is necessary line by line in R2 until the optimum value is reached. All this with a support of statistical analysis for they determine the accuracy of each step, of the data, of the residuals and of the last fitting reached.
Se presenta un método de ordenador integrado, desarrollado por los autores, para resolver la ecuación de Zener-Hollomon. Este método resuelve el problema del ajuste de la ecuación de Zener-Hollomon para amplios rangos de tensión aplicada, velocidad de deformación y temperatura de trabajo, mediante la aplicación progresiva de tres tipos de algoritmos. En primer lugar, una regresión reiterada multivariante por planos, para obtener unos valores que serán considerados como iniciales para un segundo bloque de algoritmos, además de depurar la base experimental de datos. El segundo bloque de algoritmos realiza un ajuste por mínimos cuadrados no lineales usando una modificación del método de Gauss-Newton modificado. En tercer lugar se encadena un grupo de programas que permiten iterar a partir de la solución del programa no lineal acercándose (si es preciso por líneas en R2 -
Les particules illocutoires, variable d’ajustement de la traduction sous-titrante au cinéma
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Ève Vayssière
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Die illokutiven Partikel fungieren als Anpassungsvariable, die beim Übersetzungsakt zur Untertitelung von Filmen entweder weggelassen werden oder erscheinen. Wenn sie einfach gelöscht werden, ergeben sich weder grammatikalische Störungen noch Informationsverlust. Das Auftauchen dieser Partikel in den deutschen Untertiteln zeigt jedoch, wie wichtig sie sind: Als Partikel der Oralität tragen sie zur Idiomatizität bei.Les particules illocutoires sont des variables d’ajustement lors de l’acte de traduction sous-titrante au cinéma, elles peuvent être supprimées sans que cela occasionne de dysfonctionnement grammatical et elles disparaissent lors de la traduction en français sans que cela occasionne une perte d’informations. Leur apparition dans les sous-titres allemands montre néanmoins leur importance : particules de l’oralité, elles sont vecteur d’« idiomaticité ».
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78 FR 41130 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
2013-07-09
... seq.) (the ``Investment Company Act'') deems a remuneration as ``not exceeding the usual and customary... company's (``fund's'') board of directors has adopted procedures reasonably designed to provide that the remuneration to an affiliated broker is a reasonable and fair amount compared to that received by other brokers...
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Díaz-Portillo, Sandra P; Idrovo, Álvaro J; Dreser, Anahí; Bonilla, Federico R; Matías-Juan, Bonifacia; Wirtz, Veronika J
2015-01-01
To analyze and compare the physicians' characteristics, their remuneration, the compliance with regulation and the services offered between clinics adjacent to pharmacies (CAF) and independent medical clinics (CMI). Questionnaire applied to 239 physicians in 18 states including the Federal District, in Mexico in 2012. Physicians in CAF had less professional experience (5 versus 12 years), less postgraduate studies (61.2 versus 81.8%) and lower average monthly salaries (USD 418 versus USD 672) than their peers in CMI. In CAF there was less compliance in relation to medical record keeping and prescribing. The employment situation of physicians in CAF is more precarious than in CMI. It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement of existing regulations and develop policies according to the monitoring of its performance, particularly, but not exclusively, in CAF.
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Amitis Ruiseco Palomares
2006-12-01
Full Text Available El tratamiento ortodóncico tiene como objetivo llegar a un punto óptimo oclusal, estético y funcional. Con frecuencia son introducidas interferencias que a largo plazo pueden provocar disturbios del sistema estomatognático; una técnica de ajuste oclusal puede ser útil para estabilizar la función y garantizar la salud de este. Se seleccionó una muestra constituida por 14 pacientes con más de 6 meses de alta ortodóncica, diagnosticados con interferencias oclusales en una investigación previa. A cada uno de ellos se les realizó un ajuste oclusal por tallado selectivo, y pasados 6 meses, se procedió a la evaluación de la oclusión para la detección de posibles interferencias, analizándolas durante los diferentes movimientos mandibulares, tanto en las áreas de trabajo como de no trabajo, así como por grupos dentarios. Para ello se les realizó el análisis funcional de la oclusión en boca, completándose el estudio con el montaje de los modelos en el articulador semiajustable Dentatus ARL mediante el uso del arco facial. El estudio reveló que a la mayoría de los pacientes se les reestableció una oclusión funcional, lo que demuestra la efectividad del tratamiento, que el mayor porcentaje de interferencias después del ajuste fueron en el área de no trabajo y durante los movimientos de lateralidad, además de que el grupo molar fue el de mayor cantidad de interferencias, tanto antes como después del tratamiento oclusal.The orthodontic treatment is aimed at reaching an occlusal, aesthetic, and functional optimal point. The frequently introduced interferences may cause disorders of the stomathognatic system, and an occlusal adjustment technique may be useful to stabilize the function and to gurantee its health. A sample of 14 patients with more than 6 months of orthodontic discharge that were diagnosed occlusal interferences in a previous research was selected. Each of them underwent occlusal adjustment by selective grinding, and
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José Miguel Martínez González; Humberto Manuel Trujillo Mendoza
2005-01-01
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar si las creencias relacionadas con la vivencia del acompañamiento de un familiar en el tratamiento de un drogodependiente, y las del mismo paciente, varían en función de aspectos como el tiempo de abstinencia, el tiempo dedicado al tratamiento, la presencia de patología dual en el drogodependiente, la gravedad de ajuste psicológico del acompañante, los años de evolución de la drogodependencia y el tiempo transcurrido desde que se co...
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Roberto Carlos Bodart Brandão
2008-06-01
Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: o conhecimento sobre oclusão dentária deve ser considerado condição fundamental para a prática de uma Ortodontia de qualidade. O diagnóstico feito sem a manipulação do paciente em Relação Cêntrica pode levar à surpresa desagradável de se planejar o tratamento de uma má oclusão e se deparar com outra, depois dos primeiros arcos de nivelamento. Ao usar arcos retangulares, é importante a checagem dos contatos oclusais para se definir o tipo de movimento dentário necessário para o alcance do equilíbrio oclusal e, principalmente, verificar se este movimento é exeqüível. Durante o tratamento ortodôntico, devido à complexidade das superfícies oclusais, o ajuste oclusal por desgaste deve ser realizado para viabilizar movimentos dentários verticais, reduzindo o tempo de tratamento. Interferências oclusais são responsáveis tanto por efeitos adversos na biomecânica, quanto por aplicação de forças excessivas, que podem causar reabsorções radiculares. Após a Ortodontia, o ajuste oclusal é um dos determinantes da estabilização dentária, devendo-se obter, para cada dente posterior, contatos oclusais "A" e "B", ou "B" e "C" no sentido vestibulolingual, além dos contatos de "parada" e "equilíbrio" no sentido mesiodistal. Os dentes anteriores passam a funcionar em movimentos mandibulares, desocluindo de imediato os dentes posteriores, o que é denominado de guia anterior, visando equilíbrio muscular e proteção do sistema estomatognático. O desgaste seletivo não deve ser utilizado como substituto da movimentação ortodôntica. OBJETIVO: apresentar os princípios relacionados ao ajuste oclusal em Ortodontia.INTRODUCTION: The knowledge of dental occlusion should be considered the basic foundation to an excellent orthodontic practice. The patient’s diagnose without the centric relation assessment can take the orthodontist to an unpleasant surprises. The use of rectangular archwires requires occlusal
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Incidence of remuneration to capital on the colombian business cycle from 1980 to 2005
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Julio César Chamorro Futinico
2011-07-01
Full Text Available The business cycle was one of the most important issues in the economic agendafrom the late 19th Century to the mid 20th Century. The importance of the studylay in the priority of finding the causes and duration of economic crisis, and tobe able to determine or predict how often they would happen. Currently, and with the recent financial crisis in the United States (2008 and in Colombia(1998-2009, among others, this study has gained importance once more. Thispaper presents a number of points of view on the matter and focuses on an approach that has been given very little consideration: Michal Kalecki’s theory,which provides a basis for analyzing the Colombian business cycle from 1980to 2005, and thus compare the model estimated through the Three-Stage LeastSquares (3SLS method with the behavior of the remuneration to capital during the same period. Based on this, a close relation is found between the latter, the decision to invest and, therefore, the declining phase of the business cycle.
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Colón De Carvajal Isabel
2012-07-01
Full Text Available Si, dans les interactions de service en centre d’appels, la conversation principale est celle engagée entre l’appelant et l’appelé, une multitude d’autres interactions caractérise le travail des opérateurs. Cet article présente une étude linguistique sur les interactions entre les opérateurs du centre d’appels LocBike, qui propose l’accès à des vélos en libre service dans une grande ville française, et les clients, qui empruntent ces vélos et appellent le centre en cas de problèmes. Ces interactions ont la particularité d’être menées autour d’objets technologiques, afin d’interagir avec le client et traiter son dossier. L’accès à cet environnement d’interactions téléphoniques médiées par ordinateur permet d’analyser la résolution du problème client du point de vue de l’opérateur, et d’observer que ce travail se réalise parfois en collaboration avec son collègue co-présent dans son environnement immédiat. Les professionnels opèrent alors des ajustements par rapport au dispositif de communication, ou s’ajustent eux-mêmes à ce dispositif, pendant l’interaction principale avec le client, ce qui tend à modifier le cadre participatif. L’objectif de notre travail est d’analyser les pratiques des professionnels lors de modifications du cadre participatif, et ce, dans le but de résoudre un problème client. A travers des exemples de collaboration, nous étudierons les formes d’ajustement que les professionnels mettent en place par rapport au dispositif de communication, modifiant ainsi temporairement le cadre participatif.
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Chenot, Regine
2017-11-01
Pay for performance (P4P) links reimbursement to the achievement of quality objectives. Experiences with P4P instruments and studies on their effects are available for the inpatient sector. A systematic narrative review brings together findings concerning the use and the effects of P4P, especially in dental care. A systematic literature search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library for reimbursement models using quality indicators provided 77 publications. Inclusion criteria were: year of publication not older than 2007, dental sector, models of quality-oriented remuneration, quality of care, quality indicators. 27 publications met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated with regard to the instruments and effects of P4P. The database search was supplemented by a free search on the Internet as well as a search in indicator databases and portals. The results of the included studies were extracted and summarized narratively. 27 studies were included in the review. Performance-oriented remuneration is an instrument of quality competition. In principle, P4P is embedded in an existing remuneration system, i.e., it does not occur in isolation. In the United States, England and Scandinavia, models are currently being tested for quality-oriented remuneration in dental care, based on quality indicators. The studies identified by the literature search are very heterogeneous and do not yield comparable endpoints. Difficulties are seen in the reproducibility of the quality of dental care with regard to certain characteristics which still have to be defined as quality-promoting properties. Risk selection cannot be ruled out, which may have an impact on structural quality (access to care, coordination). There were no long-term effects of P4P on the quality of care. In the short and medium term, adverse effects on the participants' motivation as well as shifting effects towards the private sector are described. A prerequisite for the functioning of P4P is the definition of clear
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How can dairies maximize their profits and properly remunerate their dairy farmers?
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Rafael Cedric Möller Meneghini
2016-02-01
Full Text Available ABSTRACT The current pricing process of raw milk in Brazil discourages producers from improving milk composition, which affects both yield and quality of dairy products. Furthermore, small and medium-sized dairies face great difficulties when it comes to planning production. Thus, a linear programming model was developed to price the raw milk and determine the optimal mix (combination of quantities of dairy products that maximizes total contribution margin (TCM under daily scenarios of high (January and low (July raw milk supplies (summer and winter, respectively by comparing optimal solutions with actual results. The TCM of optimal and actual mixes were higher in January due to the greater availability of raw material. Packaging was a limiting factor in the production of cheese in optimal mixes. The relationship between unit contribution margin (UCM and the required amount of raw materials per product unit and resource availability is crucial to defining the mix of dairy products and TCM of the dairy. Casein and raw milk volume showed shadow prices. Under both scenarios, the calculated prices of raw milk were higher than the prices charged by the dairy and were higher in January. The proposed model remunerates the producers based on the quantity and quality of raw milk. The dairy can maximize its TCM by better planning its mix of products with the use of linear programming.
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Thorsten Ruppert
2012-02-01
Full Text Available In 2007 the Association of Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies (vfa published recommendations to improve the quality and transparency of non-interventional studies. These recommendations include quality assurance measures, in particular with respect to transparency as well as for the verification of the data collected in these studies. This publication presents the results of a survey on fees in non-interventional studies which was conducted within the member companies of the vfa in June 2011. These results demonstrate a consistent adherence to the statutory requirements and the implementation of the recommendations concerning the remuneration of the study centers. Depending on the indication, the number of routine doctor/patient contacts is different and associated with that number the documentation efforts vary. Accordingly, the fee varies based on the fee schedule for physicians (German: Gebührenordnung für Ärzte by taking into account the actual efforts at the study center.
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The effect of physicians' remuneration system on the Caesarean section rate: the Uruguayan case.
Triunfo, Patricia; Rossi, Máximo
2009-12-01
Using data about births from the perinatal information system (PIS) registered in Montevideo (Uruguay), we estimated the probability of having a Caesarian section delivery, controlled by risk factors and the endogeneity of the choice of hospital. In public hospitals in Montevideo there is a fixed payment system, but in private hospitals this procedure has to be paid for separately. In the former, there is no effect on the doctor's income if he performs a Caesarian, but in the latter there is a positive effect. Empirical evidence shows the probability of a Caesarean section increases with the age of the woman, the presence of eclampsy, pre-eclampsy, previous hypertension, previous Caesarean sections, multiple pregnancies and fetopelvic disproportion, and decreases for multiparous women and women in a public hospital. In fact, the probability of having a Caesarean section in a private institution is almost two times higher than in a public hospital (20% as against 39%). Focusing on women without risk factors, we found that the probability a Caesarian in a public hospital was 11%, but the probability in a private hospital was 25%. We conclude that the remuneration system explains an important part of this difference.
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Quintero-Méndez, María A.; Durán-Núñez, Mariano J.
2008-01-01
En esta investigación se comparan dos pruebas de bondad de ajuste en términos de su error tipo I: ji-cuadrada de Pearson y Rao-Scott con corrección de segundo orden, aplicadas a datos recolectados mediante técnicas de muestreo que no cumplen los supuestos de independencia e igual probabilidad de inclusión de las observaciones, llamadas muestras complejas. Ambas pruebas se usaron para ajustar categorías diamétricas en una plantación de gmelina (Gmelina arborea), aplicando muestreo sistemático ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gonçalves Tarcísio de Moraes
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Para selecionar o modelo de curva de lactação de melhor ajuste aos dados de produção de leite no dia de controle de animais da raça Holandesa no Estado de Minas Gerais, utilizaram-se 157.932 controles de 17.150 lactações, de 1990 a 1996, do arquivo inicial com 305.506 controles de 56.422 lactações, do Serviço de Controle Leiteiro da ACGHMG. Ajustaram-se os dados para os fatores: região, nível de produção, ano-estação de parto, classes de ordem e idade ao parto (COPI, grupo genético, número de controles e interações, além dos efeitos linear e quadrático da duração da lactação. Para verificar o melhor ajuste aos modelos Quadrático logarítmico, Gamma Incompleta, Regressão Múltipla e Multifásico (Monofásico e difásico, foram usados menor desvio padrão residual, R² ajustado ao número de parâmetros das equações, autocorrelação de primeira ordem e teste de Durbin-Watson. O uso de uma função difásica para predizer a produção de leite em programas de seleção é recomendado, sendo também possível estimar, com base nessa função, a produção de leite em 305 dias.
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Jacobs, Johan
This document, which is based on data gathered during a September 1994 mail survey of 215,284 South African graduates that elicited a total response rate of 18.3%, details the remuneration of graduates (as of July 1, 1994) in a wide range of occupations in the following categories: legal; religious; social science; humanities; and art, sport, and…
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75 FR 44294 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request
2010-07-28
... Securities Exchange.'' The rule governs the remuneration that a broker affiliated with a registered... requires a fund's board of directors to establish, and review as necessary, procedures reasonably designed to provide that the remuneration to an affiliated broker is a fair amount compared to that received...
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Five-Yearly Review 2010 : Confirmation that our salaries are going downhill
Staff Association
2010-01-01
A general review of our financial and social conditions takes place every five years: “the five-yearly review”, whose principles and procedures are described in Annex A1 of the Staff Rules and Regulations. The purpose of the five-yearly review is to ensure that the financial and social conditions offered by the Organization allow it to recruit and retain from all its Member States staff members of the highest competence and integrity required for the execution of its mission. The five-yearly review must include basic remuneration (the basic salaries of staff members, the stipends of fellows, and the subsistence allowances of associated members of the personnel) and may include any other financial or social conditions. Start of the 2010 five-yearly review and data collection As we wrote in Echo no. 80, CERN Council approved the document CERN/2862 for the 2010 five-yearly review (hereinafter 2010 5YR) at its meeting on 19th June 2009. This was the Management’s proposal which...
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Père ou pair? Décalages et ajustements co-énonciatifs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christiane Préneron
2010-12-01
Full Text Available
L’objet de notre analyse dialogique et co-énonciative concerne la forme prise par la relation entre un père et son fi ls au cours d’échanges verbaux. Dans cette dimension relationnelle, nous avons cherché plus particulièrement à éclairer le statut d’énonciateur que chacun octroie à lui-même et à l’autre. Les images qu’un père et un fi ls ont l’un de l’autre et les places qu’ils occupent dans le dialogue sont en partie déterminées par leur statut de père et d’enfant. Ces places ne confi gurent pas un mode relationnel homogène. Au contraire, cet extrait de corpus est frappant par la grande diversité d’attitudes adoptées par le père avec son enfant: tour à tour il lui donne des ordres, des permissions, le réconforte, joue avec lui, lui propose des défi s ou rivalise avec lui. Daniel peut entrer dans le jeu proposé par son père ou s’y opposer, se laisser guider ou refuser, mais aussi être à l’initiative par des demandes ou des jeux. C’est cette diversité que nous tentons de mettre au jour, sachant que certaines séquences se caractérisent plus particulièrement par des décalages entre les interlocuteurs, alors que d’autres conduisent à des ajustements. Si la diversité qui caractérise cet extrait ne saurait être étendue comme caractérisant toute interaction père/enfant, l’analyse qui en est faite peut servir de repère pour l’étude de nouvelles interactions parent/enfant.
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Técnica de suturas ajustables: Resultados Technique of adjustable sutures: Results
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Lourdes R. Hernández Santos
2001-06-01
Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sensorial y motor preoperatorio y posoperatorio a 84 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Visión Binocular con el diagnóstico de estrabismo horizontal a partir de los 13 años de edad. El método estadístico utilizado fue "t" o Chi cuadrado. Nos trazamos como objetivo determinar los resultados posoperatorios de la cirugía de estrabismo realizada con la técnica de suturas ajustables, que fueron los siguientes: el 61 % de los pacientes con exotropía y el 71,4 % con el diagnóstico de exotropía se encontraban en ortotropía a los 6 meses de la intervención. El 71,4 % de los pacientes con esotropía y el 83,3 % con el diagnóstico de esotropía se encontraban en ortotropía al año de la intervención. Esta técnica quirúrgica permite la modificación de la desviación en el posoperatorio inmediato.A preoperative and postoperative sensorial and motor study was conducted among 84 patients who received attention at the consultation room of Binocular Vision with the diagnosis of horizontal strabismus from the age of 13 years old on. The statistical method used was "t" or chi square test. Our objective was to determine the postoperative results of the strabismus surgery performed by the technique of adjustable sutures. The results were as follows: 61 % of the patients with exotropia and 71.4 % with the diagnosis of exotropia were in orthotropia 6 months after the operation. 71.4 % of the patients with exotropia and 83.3 % with the diagnosis of exotropia were in orthotropia a year after the operation. This surgical technique allows the modification of the deviation in the immediate postoperative.
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González Moreno, Ángela
2011-01-01
A pesar de la importancia de la innovación tecnológica en la obtención de la ventaja competitiva, las relaciones entre la estrategia competitiva y la estrategia de innovación no han sido tratadas en profundidad. Esta tesis pone de manifiesto la necesidad del buen acoplamiento entre estos dos tipos de estrategia, proporcionando evidencia empírica acerca de como el ajuste entre ambas repercute positivamente en el resultado. El análisis aplicado a empresas del sector industrial de la electrón...
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Pardo, Karim; Andia, Marcelino; Rodriguez, Amado; Pérez, Walter; Moscoso, Betsy
2011-06-01
To describe the main characteristics of the general salaries situation and the incentive policies of health care workers of Peru, comparing them by their origin institution and type of contract. A mixed design study was done including both quantitative and qualitative components during 2008 and 2009 with both professional and technical personnel of the Ministry of Health (MINSA) and the Social Insurance (EsSalud) in Peru. The salary structure was primarily evaluated considering incentives, bonuses and other remunerations according to position, type of contract and work place. Remuneration and bonus policies at the national level are determined by the responsibilities and amount of time served. The type of contract is determined by the programs of the public system (DL 276) and the private system (DL 728), also by the Special Program of Contract Services Administration (CAS) and exclusively in MINSA contracting is determined by local health administration Committees (CLAS). The salary structure differs between both types of institutions, especially with respect to incentives and benefits. An special economic incentive for assistance (AETA) is unique to MINSA, but the proportion of assistance varies by region. The professionals of MINSA have lower salaries than those of EsSalud, in all types of contracts. A professional contracted through CAS generally has a lower salary than staff peers in MINSA, though this situation is reversed in EsSalud. The lowest salaries are found in contracts made through CLAS. The structure and salary amounts differ between MINSA and EsSalud, just as they differ by existing contracting types.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hary, Nicolas; Rious, Vincent; Saguan, Marcelo
2016-01-01
Following liberalization reforms, the ability of power markets to provide satisfactory incentives for capacity investments has become a major concern. In particular, current energy markets can exhibit a phenomenon of investment cycles, which generate phases of under and over-capacity, and hence additional costs and risks for generation adequacy. To cope with these issues, new mechanisms, called capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRM), have been (or will be) implemented. This paper assesses the dynamic effects of two CRMs, the capacity market and the strategic reserve mechanism, and studies to what extent they can reduce the investment cycles. Generation costs and shortage costs of both mechanisms are also compared to conclude on their effectivity and economic efficiency. A simulation model, based on system dynamics, is developed to study the functioning of both CRMs and the related investment decisions. The results highlight the benefits of deploying CRMs to solve the adequacy issue: shortages are strongly reduced compared to an energy-only market. Besides, the capacity market appears to be more beneficial, since it experiences fewer shortages and generation costs are lower. These comparisons can be used by policy makers (in particular in Europe, where these two CRMs are mainly debated) to determine which CRM to adopt. - Highlights: •A study of the dynamic effects of CRMs on generation investments is provided. •Capacity market and strategic reserve mechanism are compared. •Both CRMs reduce the cyclical tendencies prone to appear in energy-only market. •The capacity market experiences fewer shortages and generation costs are lower.
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Ramskold, Louise Anna Helena; Posner, Marcus Paul
2013-06-01
Increasing globalisation and advances in artificial reproductive techniques have opened up a whole new range of possibilities for infertile couples across the globe. Inter-country gestational surrogacy with monetary remuneration is one of the products of medical tourism meeting in vitro fertilisation embryo transfer. Filled with potential, it has also been a hot topic of discussion in legal and bioethics spheres. Fears of exploitation and breach of autonomy have sprung from the current situation, where there is no international regulation of surrogacy agreements--only a web of conflicting national laws that generates loopholes and removes safeguards for both the surrogate and commissioning couple. This article argues the need for evidence-based international laws and regulations as the only way to resolve both the ethical and legal issues around commercial surrogacy. In addition, a Hague Convention on inter-country surrogacy agreements is proposed to resolve the muddled state of affairs and enable commercial surrogacy to demonstrate its full potential.
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Why not nursing? A systematic review of factors influencing career choice among healthcare students.
Wu, L T; Low, M M J; Tan, K K; Lopez, V; Liaw, S Y
2015-12-01
A global shortage of healthcare professionals calls for effective recruitment and retention strategies. The nursing profession faces greater staffing shortages compared with other healthcare professions. Identifying these factors for choosing a career in health care is an important step in structuring future nursing recruitment strategies. This systematic review examined the motivations for choosing a career in health care, then compared them to factors that influence the choice to pursue a career in nursing. A literature search of the CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles published between 2002 and 2013 was conducted. The search included studies that focused on factors influencing career choice among undergraduate medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and nursing students. A total of 29 papers were included in the review. The themes and subthemes that emerged from this review included: (1) intrinsic factors, including a desire to help others and a personal interest in health care, (2) extrinsic factors, such as financial remuneration, job security, professional prestige and job autonomy, (3) socio-demographic factors such as gender and socio-economic status, and (4) interpersonal factors, encompassing the influence of family and other professional individuals. Healthcare professionals were generally motivated by intrinsic factors. However, public perceptions of nursing as a low-paying and low-status job have significantly hindered the participants' choice to pursue it as a career. Nursing institutions could provide more platforms to help school leavers better understand the nursing career. In turn, hospital administrators could invite parents to nursing career fairs, increase financial remuneration for nurses, and provide decision-making avenues aimed at recruiting and retaining more nurses. © 2015 International Council of Nurses.
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Series de días hábiles en Colombia: una aplicación al ajuste del crecimiento industrial
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Álvaro Montenegro García
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Si bien muchos economistas son conscientes del efecto de los días hábiles sobre la medición de la producción, aún es frecuente encontrar que estas cifras se analizan sin el correspondiente ajuste. En general, el número de días hábiles en un mes cambia de un año a otro, lo cual es cierto para todos los meses, no solo para los que contienen la Semana Santa. Este trabajo recopila la serie de días hábiles mensuales tomando en cuenta los festivos actuales y anteriores a la Ley Emiliani, y la utiliza para ajustar la serie de producción manufacturera del DANE. Para algunos meses, la diferencia entre la cifra de crecimiento industrial reportada por el DANE y la cifra ajustada por días hábiles puede acercarse a los 12 puntos porcentuales, en cualquier dirección
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Julio Francisco Kleinpaul
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Através de revisão sistemática, fez-se um levantamento de estudos que tratam do posicionamento corporal adequado para o ciclismo. Para isso, buscou-se por referências em língua Portuguesa e Inglesa, nas bases de dados LILACS, ScienceDirect, SciELO e MEDLINE. Os descritores utilizados para a busca dos artigos foram: posicionamento corporal + ciclismo; ajuste + bicicleta; postura + ciclismo; body positioning + cycling; bicycle fitting; cycling posture. Foram considerados artigos originais, de revisão simples, dissertações de mestrado e livros que tratassem de forma clara e objetiva o assunto, desde que publicados entre 1993 e 2009 (outubro. No total 20 estudos atenderam esses requisitos. De modo geral, estes sugerem que o conhecimento e habilidade para ajustar a bicicleta são úteis, no entanto, mesmo existindo protocolos para o ajuste adequado da bicicleta ao ciclista, os estudos denotam que a maioria dos ciclistas ainda as utiliza de forma errônea. Isso sugere a dificuldade de acesso aos estudos.By means of systematic review a surveying of English and Portuguese language studies concerning the expected body positioning for improvement of cycling. Search engines used were LILACS, ScienceDirect, SciELO and MEDLINE. The keywords used to find relevant papers were: posicionamento corporal + ciclismo; ajuste + bicicleta; postura + ciclismo; body positioning + cycling; bicycle fitting; cycling posture. Original papers, short review papers, master thesis and books published from 1993 to 2009 (October were considered when the main subject of discussion was the topic of interest. A total of 20 studies were considered. In general, the studies suggest that is will be useful to know about the bicycle fitting. Even so protocols for body positioning evaluation are available, most of studies concluded that cyclists are not able to use this protocol correctly. It suggests the difficult to access studies.
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Brofman,Paulo R; Loures,Danton R. da Rocha; Rossi,Paulo R. F; Ardito,Roberto V; Greco,Osvaldo T; Braile,Domingo M; Sant'Anna,João R; Lucchese,Fernando A; Kalil,Renato A. K; Eloy,Ricardo; Barros,Rubens T; Andrade,José Carlos S; Pesarini,Aldo; Gauch,Paulo R. A
1987-01-01
Quarenta e oito pacientes com marcapasso unicameral de ajuste automático de freqüência de pulso mediado por movimentação corporal (AAI-R/VVI-R) foram avaliados através da eletrocardiografia dinâmica, para correlacionar a atividade física com a variação da freqüência de estímulos e teste ergométrico em esteira (pareados e randomizados em modo AAI/VVI e modo AAI-R/VVI-R), para quantificar a capacidade de realizar esforço físico, um mês após o implante do gerador de pulso Activitrax 8400. A idad...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Niquille A
2010-03-01
Full Text Available Objective: 1 To evaluate the participation rate and identify the practical barriers to implementing a community pharmacist-led medication review service in francophone Switzerland and, 2 To assess the effectiveness of external support.Methods: A qualitative survey was undertaken to identify barriers to patient inclusion and medication review delivery in daily practice among all contactable independent pharmacists working in francophone Switzerland (n=78 who were members of a virtual chain (pharmacieplus, regardless of their participation in a simultaneous cross-sectional study. This study analyzed the dissemination of a medication review service including a prescription and drug utilization review with access to clinical data, a patient interview and a pharmaceutical report to the physicians. In addition, we observed an exploratory and external coaching for pharmacists that we launched seven months after the beginning of the cross-sectional study. Results: Poor motivation on the part of pharmacists and difficulties communicating with physicians and patients were the primary obstacles identified. Lack of time and lack of self-confidence in administering the medication review process were the most commonly perceived practical barriers to the implementation of the new service. The main facilitators to overcome these issues may be well-planned workflow organization techniques, strengthened by an adequate remuneration scheme and a comprehensive and practice-based training course that includes skill-building in pharmacotherapy and communication. External support may partially compensate for a weak organizational framework.Conclusions: To facilitate the implementation of a medication review service, a strong local networking with physicians, an effective workflow management and a practice- and communications-focused training for pharmacists and their teams seem key elements required. External support can be useful to help some pharmacists improve their
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Fuentes Durán, María del Castillo
2014-01-01
Durante las últimas décadas, la literatura empírica ha demostrado en repetidas ocasiones la influencia que tienen las diferentes formas de actuación de los padres en el proceso de socialización en el ajuste psicológico y social de los hijos. La investigación en torno a la socialización familiar se ha basado tradicionalmente en el modelo teórico de dos grandes dimensiones teóricamente independientes (aceptación/implicación y severidad/imposición, Darling y Steinberg, 1993; Maccoby y Martin...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. Montes de Oca-Cano
2009-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue ajustar ecuaciones lineales y no lineales para estimar biomasa por componente de hojas, ramas, fuste y total, para árboles con edades entre tres y diez años, en la región de El Salto, Dgo. Los resultados indican que las ecuaciones se ajustan mejor a nivel individual, el componente total muestra los mejores estadísticos de ajuste, mientras que las mayores variaciones se detectan en las ramas y en el fuste. Adicionalmente se analizan porcentajes de biomasa por componente donde se observa que el fuste aporta 46.9 % de la biomasa, las hojas 35.6 % y las ramas solamente 17.3 % de la biomasa total. Así mismo, dentro del rango de edad analizado, la biomasa en el fuste aumenta anualmente 2.96 %; la biomasa en las hojas disminuye 3.13 % y la biomasa en las ramas aumenta 0.17 %.
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Oscar Martínez Azumendi; Miriam Beitia; Karmelo J Araluce; José M Ayerra; Carlos Cela; Jorge Grijalvo; José Ignacio Mendezona; Dolores Azkunaga; Patricia Insúa
1997-01-01
Proyecto de evaluación de 749 consultas consecutivas durante año y medio en un Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario. Se presentan las características y diferencias por sexos en relación con la sintomatolog��a diagnóstico, valoración global de la gravedad del caso, ajuste social, autoestima y apoyo social percibido. Además se describe el número y tipo de sucesos vitales referidos en los 6 meses anteriores, así como motivación y expectativas que traen al servicio.
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José Andrés Peña-Pinzón; Carmen Gómez-Berrocal; Antonio Fernández-Parra
2014-01-01
Se explora el efecto de la saliencia de la categorización social inmigrante y su interacción con diferencias sociodemográficas (nivel de estudios, situación laboral, sexo) de los sujetos, en ajuste psicológico, bienestar psicológico y autoestima. 210 inmigrantes de origen sudamericano, residentes en las provincias de Granada y Almería, fueron distribuidos en dos condiciones experimentales: "saliencia baja/alta de la categorización social inmigrante". Encontramos efecto de la manipulación sobr...
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Luis Fernando Novoa Garzon
2015-07-01
Full Text Available O artigo procura apresentar a posição e o discurso paradoxais de um Banco que é ao mesmo tempo viabilizador de macro-ajustes espaciais e propositor de micro-correções territoriais. A política socioambiental e de entorno do BNDES são avaliadas a partir dos casos dos grandes projetos, especificamente o Complexos Hidrelétricos do Madeira e de Belo Monte.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leonardo Machado Pires
2007-10-01
Full Text Available Os modelos polinomiais são mais difundidos no meio florestal brasileiro na descrição do perfil de árvores devido à sua facilidade de ajuste e precisão. O mesmo não ocorre com os modelos não-lineares, os quais possuem maior dificuldade de ajuste. Dentre os modelos não-lineares clássicos, na descrição do perfil, podem-se citar o de Gompertz, o Logístico e o de Weibull. Portanto, este estudo visou comparar os modelos lineares e não lineares para a descrição do perfil de árvores. As medidas de comparação foram o coeficiente de determinação (R², o erro-padrão residual (s yx, o coeficiente de determinação corrigido (R²ajustado, o gráfico dos resíduos e a facilidade de ajuste. Os resultados ressaltaram que, dentre os modelos não-lineares, o que obteve melhor desempenho, de forma geral, foi o modelo Logístico, apesar de o modelo de Gompertz ser melhor em termos de erro-padrão residual. Nos modelos lineares, o polinômio proposto por Pires & Calegario foi superior aos demais. Ao comparar os modelos não-lineares com os lineares, o modelo Logístico foi melhor em razão, principalmente, do fato de o comportamento dos dados ser não-linear, à baixa correlação entre os parâmetros e à fácil interpretação deles, facilitando a convergência e o ajuste.Polynomial models are most commonly used in Brazilian forestry for taper modeling due to its straightforwardly fitting and precision. The use of nonlinear regression classic models, like Gompertz, Logistic and Weibull, is not very common in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the best nonlinear and linear models, and among these the best model to describe the longitudinal tree profile. The comparison measures were: R², syx, R²adjusted, residual graphics and fitting convergence. The results pointed out that among the non-linear models the best behavior, in general, was given by the Logistic model, although the Gompertz model was superior compared with the Weibull
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ludwig, Maximilian Uwe; Toprani, Vipul; Witte, Frank
2014-01-01
The enactment of the Law Giving Priority to Renewable Energies (EEG) in 2000 laid the cornerstone for the transformation of the German electricity supply. Since then the proportion of renewable energy in electricity production has grown dramatically, confronting the German network infrastructure, which was initially designed for a centralised supply system, with new problems and challenges. In order to achieve optimal coordination between volatile energy infeeds, electricity storage plants and consumers it is necessary to bring all components involved together in a smart grid. A small-scale grid of this description is currently being operated and investigated on the EUREF Campus in Berlin Schoeneberg. The task of achieving optimal allocation of energy flows and getting the micro smart grid to run accordingly, i.e. at a profit, poses new challenges to all involved. To be able to determine the economic efficiency of smart grids a calculation model was developed which simulates the operation of production and storage plants and takes the behaviour of real consumers into account. The model rates the profitability of investments made in terms of their capital value. In its current version the model still disregards the legal regulations for the remuneration of electricity produced from a mix of renewable resources. These cannot be considered as physically separate in a smart grid. In the present study a module based on EEG provisions was developed which calculates remuneration rates as a function of production and demand at a given moment. This is one of several factors which influence the economic efficiency of smart grids. The study undertakes to identify these factors and describe their influence on the profitability of the total investment.
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La influencia de las diferencias entre el padre y la madre sobre el ajuste adolescente
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Antonia Jiménez-Iglesias
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Este trabajo se centra en analizar cómo influyen en el consumo de sustancias (tabaco, alcohol y cannabis y el bienestar psicológico adolescente (calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y satisfacción vital las diferencias entre el padre y la madre en afecto, promoción de la autonomía, revelación, interés y conocimiento. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10170 chicos y chicas españoles de 13 a 18 años de familias biparentales que participaron en la edición 2006 del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes que indicaron que su padre y madre coincidían en presentar altos niveles en las dimensiones familiares analizadas consumieron menos sustancias y tuvieron mejor bienestar psicológico. Por el contrario, el ajuste de los adolescentes cuyos progenitores (padre y madre tenían bajos niveles en esas dimensiones familiares fue peor. Concretamente, la dimensión más importante para el consumo de sustancias fue el conocimiento parental y para el bienestar psicológico lo fue el afecto parental; la revelación adolescente solo fue relevante para el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de vida, mientras que la promoción parental de la autonomía lo fue para la calidad de vida.
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Jiménez Iglesias, Antonia María
2013-01-01
La familia constituye el contexto principal y fundamental de socialización, que continua ejerciendo gran influencia durante la adolescencia. La evidencia disponible indica que el predictor más simple y consistente de la salud y el ajuste adolescente es la calidad de las relaciones de los chicos y las chicas con sus progenitores. La importancia de la familia en la adolescencia es bien conocida por el Estudio sobre Conductas de los Escolares Relacionadas con la Salud o Health Beha...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho
2004-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o ajuste das séries de dados de radiação solar global média decendial, de 22 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, às funções de distribuições de probabilidade normal, log-normal, gama, gumbel e weibull. Aplicou-se o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, nas 792 séries de dados (22 municípios x 36 decêndios de radiação solar global média decendial, para verificar o ajuste dos dados às distribuições normal, log-normal, gama, gumbel e weibull, totalizando 3.960 testes. Os dados decendiais de radiação solar global média se ajustam às funções de distribuições de probabilidade normal, log-normal, gama, gumbel e weibull, e apresentam melhor ajuste à função de distribuição de probabilidade normal.The objective of this work was to verify the adjustment of data series for average global solar radiation to the normal, log-normal, gamma, gumbel and weibull probability distribution functions. Data were collected from 22 cities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied in the 792 series of data (22 localities x 36 periods of ten days of average global solar radiation to verify the adjustment of the data to the normal, log-normal, gamma, gumbel and weibull probability distribution functions, totalizing 3,960 tests. The data of average global solar radiation adjust to the normal, log-normal, gamma, gumbel and weibull probability distribution functions, and present a better adjustment to the normal probability function.
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Bertone, Maria Paola; Lurton, Grégoire; Mutombo, Paulin Beya
2016-11-01
The financial remuneration of health workers (HWs) is a key concern to address human resources for health challenges. In low-income settings, the exploration of the sources of income available to HWs, their determinants and the livelihoods strategies that those remunerations entail are essential to gain a better understanding of the motivation of the workers and the effects on their performance and on service provision. This is even more relevant in a setting such as the DR Congo, characterized by the inability of the state to provide public services via a well-supported and financed public workforce. Based on a quantitative survey of 1771 HWs in four provinces of the DR Congo, this article looks at the level and the relative importance of each revenue. It finds that Congolese HWs earn their living from a variety of sources and enact different strategies for their financial survival. The main income is represented by the share of user fees for those employed in facilities, and per diems and top-ups from external agencies for those in Health Zone Management Teams (in both cases, with the exception of doctors), while governmental allowances are less relevant. The determinants at individual and facility level of the total income are also modelled, revealing that the distribution of most revenues systematically favours those working in already favourable conditions (urban facilities, administrative positions and positions of authority within facilities). This may impact negatively on the motivation and performance of HWs and on their distribution patters. Finally, our analysis highlights that, as health financing and health workforce reforms modify the livelihood opportunities of HWs, their design and implementation go beyond technical aspects and are unavoidably political. A better consideration of these issues is necessary to propose contextually grounded and politically savvy approaches to reform in the DR Congo. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Parmigiani, Laura
2012-10-01
In a competitive energy system, generation investment choices are let to investors. It is then the responsibility of the market actors to invest and ensure peak, medium and base load generation, based on market perspectives and trends. If through actors' investments the stability of the system cannot be ensured (because, for example, peak generation is not sufficient to satisfy demand), some measures have to be taken. These can have economic and system integrity impacts on neighboring systems, especially if they are connected. This is precisely what is happening in the European electricity market. While the internal electricity market should be completed by 2014, the adoption by Member States of capacity remuneration mechanisms in an uncoordinated way may lead to new market distortions. Whereas national capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs) already exist in several European countries (e.g. Italy, Spain, Sweden), others have taken steps in the past months to implement CRMs (France, UK) or contemplated to introduce them (Germany). After the puzzle of more than 27 different regimes for incentivizing renewables, the same heterogeneity will appear in the capacity markets if no coherent and Europe-wide framework is proposed. While increased interconnections and market coupling will lead to more efficient and liquid markets at regional and EU levels, the opposite will happen if Member States adopt national solutions without looking beyond their borders. In order to understand why we have come this point, it is essential to start from the roots of the problem and to throw light on some false beliefs. It would be much easier to blame market liberalization and un-bundling or RES integration into the market. The truth is that both measures were important. Timing showed that the RES production is developing very fast and creates local over capacity in some national systems, while when there is no wind or sun, the conventional plants are still needed to supply the customers
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La norma L1 como alternativa a la norma L2 en el ajuste de la regresión
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos N. Bouza
2002-01-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo analizamos el desarrollo y los conceptos de las normas L1 y L2 y se comparan con algunos ejemplos. Por una parte la norma L1 es óptima bajo los supuestos de que los errores tienen la distribución de Laplace. Esta fue propuesta mucho antes que el MC, pero las facilidades de cómputo de éstos últimos le dieron primacía. Actualmente va adquiriendo gran importancia para las aplicaciones económicas, dado que en general los problemas de finanzas y de series temporales incumplen con las hipótesis usadas en el teorema de Gauss-Markoff. El uso de la norma L2, es el método de universal aceptación en el ajuste de la regresión. Sin embargo su optimalidad solo es válida bajo una serie de supuestos que no se cumplen en general (Teorema de Gaus- Markoff. Por lo tanto, norma L1 aparece como una alternativa mejor que la L2 en muchas aplicaciones dada su robustez ante las observaciones atípicas.
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76 FR 38430 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
2011-06-30
... disadvantages of the loan arrangement; and all commissions, discounts, and other remuneration received and to [email protected] ; and (ii) Thomas Bayer, Director/Chief Information Officer, Securities and Exchange...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rainer Zimmermann
2018-02-01
Full Text Available Rainer E. Zimmermann reviews Mariano Zukerfeld's Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism. An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism, University of Westminster Press, London, 2017, 272 pp., paperback and open access, gratis e-book. There are several aspects of innovative thoughts in this text as to recent developments, in particular concerning the manifold occasions of more or less hidden layers of exploitation originating in the use of digital technology, and mainly based on un-remunerated activities. All this speaks very much in favour of reading this book; only minor objections have to be made that should not prevent a profitable reading.
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Gender-based discrimination in South Africa: A quantitative analysis of fairness of remuneration
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renier Steyn
2015-05-01
Full Text Available Equity is important to most individuals and its perceived absence may impact negatively on individual and organisational performance. The concept of equity presupposes fair treatment, while discrimination implies unfair treatment. The perceptions of discrimination, or being treated unfairly, may result from psycho-social processes, or from data that justifies discrimination and is quantifiable. Objectives: To assess whether differences in post grading and remuneration for males and females are based on gender, rather than on quantifiable variables that could justify these differences. Method: Biographical information was gathered from 1740 employees representing 29 organisations. The data collected included self-reported post grading (dependent variable and 14 independent variables, which may predict the employees’ post gradings. The independent variables related primarily to education, tenure and family responsibility. Results: Males reported higher post gradings and higher salaries than those of females, but the difference was not statistically significant and the practical significance of this difference was slight. Qualification types, job specific training, and membership of professional bodies did not affect post grading along gender lines. The ways in which work experience was measured had no influence on post grading or salary for either males or females. Furthermore, family responsibility, union membership and the type of work the employees performed did not influence the employees’ post grading. The only difference found concerned the unfair treatment of males, particularly those who were well-qualified. Conclusions: Objective evidence of unfair gender-based discrimination affecting post grading and salary is scarce, and the few differences that do occur have little statistical and practical significance. Perceptions of being discriminated against may therefore more often be seen as the result of psycho-social processes and
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Tan, Amy Cw; Emmerton, Lynne M; Hattingh, H Laetitia; La Caze, Adam
2015-06-01
Many of Australia' s rural hospitals operate without an on-site pharmacist. In some, community pharmacists have sessional contracts to provide medication management services to inpatients. This paper discusses the funding arrangements of identified sessional employment models to raise awareness of options for other rural hospitals. Semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with rural pharmacists with experience in a sessional employment role (n =8) or who were seeking sessional arrangements (n = 4). Participants were identified via publicity and referrals. Interviews were conducted via telephone or Skype for ~40-55 min each, recorded and analysed descriptively. A shortage of state funding and reliance on federal funding was reported. Pharmacists accredited to provide medication reviews claimed remuneration via these federal schemes; however, restrictive criteria limited their scope of services. Funds pooling to subsidise remuneration for the pharmacists was evident and arrangements with local community pharmacies provided business frameworks to support sessional services. Participants were unaware of each other's models of practice, highlighting the need to share information and these findings. Several similarities existed, namely, pooling funds and use of federal medication review remuneration. Findings highlighted the need for a stable remuneration pathway and business model to enable wider implementation of sessional pharmacist models.
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Ewgeni Hersonski
2012-10-01
Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to present arguments concerning the fair levels of executive directors’ remuneration. It is argued that principles are a better way to achieve this goal. However, we also find arguments in support of detailed legal rules when dealing with this matter. Since both methods have their pros and cons the paper delivers a balanced discussion and also outlines how the executive pay is currently regulated in the UK, the United States as well as on the global scale.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
NACF Rocha
2006-09-01
Full Text Available CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Estudos têm identificado que as propriedades dos objetos induzem os ajustes no alcance; no entanto, poucos investigaram a influência específica do tamanho e rigidez dos objetos em lactentes jovens. OBJETIVO: Verificar se lactentes de 4 a 6 meses realizam ajustes proximais e distais ao alcançarem objetos de diferentes tamanhos e rigidez. MÉTODOS: Nove lactentes saudáveis foram posicionados em uma cadeira inclinada a 50º. Quatro objetos foram apresentados, um rígido grande (RG, um rígido pequeno (RP, um maleável grande (MG e um maleável pequeno (MP, por um período de 1 minuto cada. Em um total de 384 alcances, foram analisados os ajustes proximais (alcance uni e bimanual e distais (orientação da mão horizontal, vertical e oblíqua; mão aberta, fechada e semi-aberta e o sucesso do alcance dos objetos. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se ajuste bimanual para o objeto RG e unimanual para os demais. A orientação da mão oblíqua foi predominante no toque dos objetos, enquanto para a preensão dos mesmos, a predominância foi a vertical, principalmente para o objeto RG. A orientação horizontal não foi observada na preensão do objeto RG. A mão semi-aberta foi mais freqüente no início do alcance para todos os objetos, enquanto no toque do objeto RG a mão aberta foi predominante. O sucesso do alcance foi maior para os objetos maleáveis (MG, MP do que para os rígidos (RG e RP. CONCLUSÃO: Lactentes jovens estudados são capazes de planejar e ajustar seus movimentos baseados na percepção das propriedades físicas dos objetos, o que sugere interação percepção-ação.BACKGROUND: Studies have identified that object properties lead to adjustments to reaching. However, few have investigated the specific influence of object size and rigidity among young infants. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether four to six-month-old infants make proximal and distal adjustments when reaching for objects of different sizes and rigidity. METHOD
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Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies: Editorial ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Peer Review Process. Reviewers are drawn from the cream of Theatre and Communication/Media experts in the Nigerian University system and are remunerated at the rate of Two Thousand Naira per reviewed paper. Choice of reviewer is guided by theme or subject matter of each specific paper.
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Southern African Business Review - Vol 19, No 2 (2015)
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Global assessment of internal audit competence: Does one size fi t all? ... The effect of remuneration committees, directors' shareholding and institutional ... Risk management in higher education: An open distance learning perspective · EMAIL ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renata Pires Gonçalves
2012-02-01
Full Text Available Dentro do contexto nutricional, a suplementação de microminerais em rações para aves frequentemente é feita em quantidades superiores às exigidas na tentativa de assegurar o bom desempenho dos animais. Os experimentos do tipo dose resposta são muito comuns na determinação de níveis ótimos dos nutrientes na ração e contemplam a utilização de modelos de regressão para atingir tal objetivo. Porém, na análise de regressão usual, geralmente, não se usa uma informação a priori sobre uma possível relação de ordem na variável resposta. A regressão isotônica é um método de estimação por mínimos quadrados que gera estimativas que satisfazem a mesma ordenação dos dados. Na teoria da regressão isotônica, essa informação é utilizada de forma essencial e espera-se que a eficiência do ajuste seja aumentada quando se faz uso dela. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar uma metodologia de regressão isotônica, como uma forma alternativa para analisar dados de deposição de zinco (Zn na tíbia de aves machos da linhagem Hubbard. No estudo, foram considerados os modelos de platô de resposta polinomial quadrático e não linear exponencial. Além desses modelos, também foi proposto o ajuste de um modelo logarítmico para os dados e a eficiência da metodologia foi avaliada por meio de um estudo de simulação Monte Carlo, considerando diferentes cenários para os valores paramétricos. A isotonização dos dados propiciou uma melhora em todos os avaliadores de qualidade de ajuste considerados no trabalho. Dentre os modelos utilizados, o logarítmico apresentou estimativas dos parâmetros mais coerentes com os valores relatados na literatura, para os dados de deposição de Zn na tíbia de aves machos.Within the nutritional context, the supplementation of microminerals in bird food is often made in quantities exceeding those required in the attempt to ensure the proper performance of the animals
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Michot, J.
2010-12-09
integrate this additional information directly into an extended bundle adjustment, by adding a constraint term in the weighted cost function. We evaluate three methods (based on machine learning or regularization) that dynamically select the weight associated to the constraint and show that these methods can be used in a real time multi-sensor SLAM, and validate them with different types of constraint on the orientation or on the scale. Experiments conducted on real video sequences show that this technique of constrained bundle adjustment reduces the drifts observed with the classical vision algorithms and improves the global accuracy of the positioning system. (author) [French] Les travaux presentes dans ce manuscrit concernent le domaine de la localisation et la reconstruction 3D par vision artificielle. Dans ce contexte, la trajectoire d'une camera et la structure 3D de la scene filmee sont initialement estimees par des algorithmes lineaires puis optimisees par un algorithme non-lineaire, l'ajustement de faisceaux. Cette these presente tout d'abord une technique de recherche de l'amplitude de deplacement (recherche lineaire), ou line search pour les algorithmes de minimisation iterative. La technique proposee est non iterative et peut etre rapidement implantee dans un ajustement de faisceaux traditionnel. Cette technique appelee recherche lineaire algebrique globale (G-ALS), ainsi que sa variante a deux dimensions (Two way-ALS), accelerent la convergence de l'algorithme d'ajustement de faisceaux. L'approximation de l'erreur de reprojection par une distance algebrique rend possible le calcul analytique d'une amplitude de deplacement efficace (ou de deux pour la variante Two way-ALS), par la resolution d'un polynome de degre 3 (G-ALS) ou 5 (Two way-ALS). Nos experimentations sur des donnees simulees et reelles montrent que cette amplitude, optimale en distance algebrique, est performante en distance euclidienne, et permet
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mark Bussin
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Purpose: This study was motivated by the need to better understand the effects of the global financial crisis in 2008 on the relationship between company financial performance and CEO guaranteed cost to company (CTC. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between company financial performance using DuPont analysis and CEO guaranteed CTC in the South African retail and consumer goods sector. Design: The research was a quantitative, archival study of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE, measured over a period of six years (2006–2011. The statistical analysis included regression and correlation analysis. Findings: The research found that CEO guaranteed CTC has shown no sensitivity towards company financial performance in terms of DuPont analysis over the six-year period, which included the global financial crises in 2008. Furthermore, a negative relationship existed between the return on equity and the guaranteed CTC of CEOs in the retail and consumer goods sector during this period. Practical implications: The findings suggest that there is misalignment between company strategy and performance and the guaranteed CTC of CEOs. A practical implication would be to have independent and competent remuneration committees ensuring alignment of the interests of a company with those of its leaders in this regard.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mabel Manzanal
2000-09-01
Full Text Available Este trabajo expone las estrategias de los principales programas de desarrollo rural en la Argentina, y sus alcances y posibilidades en el contexto del ajuste macroeconómico neoliberal. Discute si se están dando, o no, los cursos de acción adecuados, y si es viable la asistencia a los pobres rurales, promovida por los organismos internacionales de financiamiento, frente al impacto negativo de las políticas neoliberales sobre los pequeños y medianos productores agropecuarios.El desarrollo rural se inicia en la Argentina junto con la recuperación democrática de la década del 80, pero las primeras acciones recién comienzan a ejecutarse a principios de los 90. Desde entonces se sucedieron y se superpusieron diferentes programas, que son el objeto de este artículoThis paper discusses the strategies of Argentina’s main rural development programs, and their accomplishments and possibilities in the context of neoliberal macroeconomic adjustment. It analyzes whether the actions being carried out are suitable and whether assistance to the rural poor (promoted by international financing organizations is feasible in the face of the neoliberal policies’ negative impact on small and intermediate farmers and ranchers. Although rural development programs began in Argentina with the restoration of democracy in the 1980s, the first significant actions were not taken until the 1990s. The different programs that have followed, often overlapping, are the object of our study
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Determinants of plasma donation: A review of the literature.
Beurel, A; Terrade, F; Lebaudy, J-P; Danic, B
2017-09-01
The major contribution of Human Sciences in the understanding of the whole blood donation behavior has been through the study of individuals' motivations and deterrents to donate. However, if whole blood donation has been very widely studied in the last sixty years, we still know very little about plasma donation in voluntary non-remunerated environments. Yet, the need for plasma-derived products has been strongly increasing for some years, and blood collection agencies have to adapt if they want to meet this demand. This article aims to review the main motivations and deterrents to whole blood donation, and to compare them with those that we already know concerning plasma donation. Current evidence shows similarities between both behaviors, but also differences that indicate a need for further research regarding plasma donation. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier SAS.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Henry Manuel Mora Jiménez
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Aunque en Costa Rica no se ha seguido en los últimos quince años una política económica neoliberal a ultranza, sino una “a la tica”; todo el debate económico y el accionar del sector público durante este período ha sido permeable a la lógica del ajuste estructural. Pero la actual encrucijada obliga a “tirios y troyanos”, a críticos y defensores del ajuste, a superar este enfoque aún predominante. Independientemente de los logros y fracasos acumulados desde 1983 hasta la fecha, en el campo económico y social, el país debe, urgentemente, realizar un “viraje estratégico”, pues la sensación de estancamiento o lento crecimiento de los últimos años se ha convertido en cruda realidad, con el agravante de que ya no podemos seguir viviendo del pasado. En el texto se aborda la problemática nacional en las siguientes cinco áreas:Estabilidad macroeconómica: sin ser artificial, continúa siendo frágil, dependiente en alto grado de la entrada de capitales externos y arrastrando una crisis fiscal latente que recurrentemente estalla. Esto en gran parte se explica por los rasgos de inestabilidad estructural que aun persisten.Gobernabilidad y Reforma del Estado: el estilo de gobernabilidad moldeada durante el período 1950-1975 ya no es viable, y la vacilante reforma del Estado está contribuyendo solo de manera precaria a construir nuevas formas de gobernabilidad acordes con las exigencias de las modernas sociedades democráticas. La gran tarea por delante es reconstruir un Estado estratégico y solidario; que facilite la irrupción de la sociedad civil en la vida pública nacional.Transformación productiva y competitividad: avanza, pero sin un rumbo claro y seguro, pues se adolece de una estrategia nacional de desarrollo de la competitividad internacional, que supere prácticas anticuadas de intervención estatal y viejos pero maquillados dogmas antiestatales que conducen a visiones parciales sobre el papel de las empresas y del
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It's A Battle between Politics the Free Market
Choi, Heeri
2009-01-01
This research contributes to the CEO remuneration literature in the banking sector by examining the issue from the VOC perspective. It compares the two of the most prominent examples of Co-ordinated Market Economy and Liberal Market Economy, the UK and Germany. The research examines the Royal Bank of Scotland and the Deutsche Bank in depth in order to analyse the differences in the banking sector CEO remuneration designs between a CME and a LME. Firstly, the research reviews the relevant...
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2010-09-14
... Kuhbach, Director, Office 1, ``Sixth Countervailing Duty Administrative Review: Dynamic Random Access... ``Purchases at Prices that Constitute `More than Adequate Remuneration,' '' (``Uranium from France'') (citing...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Moya Zamora
2014-07-01
Full Text Available El cálculo de la velocidad de una estación de observación continua GNSS representa un insumo fundamental en la geodesia moderna. El hecho de determinar la posición de las estaciones GNSS de forma diaria implica que se puedan establecer las series temporales de las estaciones, con base en las cuales se puede obtener información de la influencia de fenómenos que afecten el comportamiento de estas. En este artículo se plantea una descripción del algoritmo de ajuste por mínimos cuadrados adaptado y aplicado a la determinación de los componentes de velocidad de estaciones de observación continua. Además, se aplica este algoritmo para la calcular la velocidad de la estación ETCG, perteneciente al Sistema Geocéntrico para las Américas (SIRGAS.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Klemensas Rimgaudas Juraitis
1982-11-01
Full Text Available Computation of polynomial regression with precision is possible with some programmable calculators. In this paper, a program of a polynomial regression, using a Texas 77-59 pocket calculator, is presented in a didactic manner. The method is exemplified by means of fitting data of a curve of calibration for Chromel-Alumel thermocouple in the temperature range between CR c and J. 2009 C.Uma regressão polonomial pode ser utilizada com precisão, utilizando-se certas calculadoras programáveis. No presente trabalho apresenta-se, da maneira didática, um programa de regressão polinomial, usando-se uma calculadora programável Texas Tl-59, exemplificando-se o método através do ajuste de uma curva de calibração de um termopar Chromel-Alumel na faixa de temperatura de 0 a 1200 graus centígrados.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sébastien Ménard
2018-01-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los efectos de la introducción de un esquema de ajuste (experience rating en las contribuciones patronales al seguro de salud. Para ello, se desarrolla un modelo de búsqueda y emparejamiento en un mercado de trabajo segmentado. En el segmento donde los empleos son más riesgosos, las ausencias por enfermedad son más frecuentes y la producción media es más baja. El modelo es calibrado para Francia y los resultados de las simulaciones muestran que la introducción de este esquema mejora levemente la producción y el empleo. En términos cuantitativos, una variación del 1 % en la tasa de experience rating induce una reducción de 0,48 % en la duración del desempleo y de 1,07 % en los días de ausencia, así como un aumento de 0,1 % en la producción. Finalmente, se encuentra que esta política conduce también a un desempeño económico ligeramente mejor que la privatización del seguro de salud
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renata Gheno
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Keeping good professionals has been one of the main objectives of companies, especially those who add value and dedicate their time and efforts to achieve the company goals. In order to retain these professionals, companies have looked for new remunerations, besides the traditional one, known as strategic remuneration, along with a wide fringe of other benefits. In this way, the present study aims to identify the satisfaction level of its operational employees concerning the types of strategic remuneration and the package of benefits adopt by a multinational company in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The methodology presented in this monograph was based on a case study in the company mentioned before, which prefers not be identified. Theinformation was raised through some descriptive research of qualitative nature, through a semi-structured interview with an employee from the human resources area who clarified the key point for the study development and for the quantitative research. This research was applied through a questionnaire with operational employees and aims to identify if they know the strategic remuneration programs and the package of benefits offered by the company and also identify if they are used to participating in some of them.Reter bons profissionais, que agreguem valor e se dediquem ao alcance dos objetivos da empresa, vem sendo uma constante nas organizações. Para reter esses profissionais, as organizações têm procurado novas formas de remuneração, conhecidas como remuneração estratégica, além de um amplo pacote de benefícios. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar o nível de satisfação dos funcionários do nível operacional com relação às formas de remuneração estratégica e ao pacote de benefícios adotados em uma multinacional localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, a qual preferiu não ser identificada. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, e a
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Modelo experimental de bandagem ajustável do tronco pulmonar para preparo rápido do ventrículo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
DIAS Carlos A.
2000-01-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Um dispositivo de bandagem do tronco pulmonar (TP com ajuste percutâneo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de induzir a hipertrofia rápida do ventrículo subpulmonar. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Consiste de um manguito de silicone insuflável percutaneamente, através de um botão de silicone auto-selante. Os corações de 7 cabritos jovens (peso médio: 8,7 kg foram submetidos à sobrecarga sistólica imposta pelo dispositivo e avaliados sob os aspectos hemodinâmicos, ecocardiográficos e morfológicos. Foram extraídas biópsias basais do miocárdio do ventrículo direito (VD para análise microscópica (perímetro e área do miócito. O dispositivo foi implantado no TP. As pressões do VD, TP e aorta foram monitorizadas. Após convalescença, foi iniciado o protocolo de insuflação do dispositivo de bandagem do TP. Foi injetada água destilada no botão auto-selante (via percutânea, até que a pressão sistólica do VD atingisse 70% da pressão sistólica do VE. As avaliações ecocardiográfica e hemodinâmica foram realizadas a cada 24 horas. A sobrecarga sistólica do VD foi mantida por um período de 96 horas, com insuflações progressivas no limite máximo tolerado, a cada 24 horas. Após esse período, os animais foram sacrificados para análise morfológica dos corações. Outros 9 cabritos (peso médio: 7,7 kg foram utilizados como grupo controle, para análise do peso do VD. RESULTADOS: Após 96 horas de sobrecarga sistólica do VD, foi observado um aumento do gradiente sistólico VD/TP de 10,1±4,3 mmHg para 60,0±11,0 mmHg e da pressão sistólica no VD de 22,4±4,1 mmHg para 71,0±10,0 mmHg (p<0,0001. O ecocardiograma revelou aumento da espessura muscular do VD, de 4,4±0,5 mm para 7,3±1,7 mm (p=0,001. Quando comparado ao grupo controle, houve um ganho de peso de 74% do VD submetido à sobrecarga sistólica (p<0,0001. À microscopia óptica, foi observado aumento de 27% no perímetro e de 69% na área dos miócitos (p=0
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marineia Crosara de Resende
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Foram investigadas relações entre senso de ajustamento psicológico e perspectiva de velhice em adultos e idosos com deficiência física. Participaram 90 pessoas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 25 e 84 anos, que responderam aos instrumentos: questionários sociodemografico e sobre a deficiência física; Inventário Sheppard de Atitudes em Relação à Velhice Pessoal; Escala de Desenvolvimento Pessoal (ajustamento psicológico. Os índices de ajustamento pessoal foram de moderados a altos, mas as mulheres pontuaram mais baixo. Para toda a amostra, quanto maior o senso de ajustamento, mais positiva a perspectiva de velhice pessoal. Os com deficiência congênita e os mais ajustados psicologicamente mostraram perspectivas mais positivas de velhice pessoal. Concluiu-se que envelhecer com uma deficiência física é um processo que exige competência adaptativa e resiliência aos eventos de vida e aos desafios acarretados pela deficiência.Realizamos una investigación para analizar las relaciones entre el ajuste psicológico y la perspectiva percibida del envejecimiento personal en adulto y adultos mayores con discapacidad física. Materiales y método: 90 participantes, ambos géneros, adultos con 25 a 84 respondieron a cuestionarios contestados pidiendo la información sobre características socio demográficas y discapacidad; el inventario de Sheppard de actitudes acerca del propio envejecimiento; y una escala que determina el ajuste psicológico percibido. Resultados: Los índices del ajuste personal eran moderados y altos. Las mujeres tenían las cuentas más bajas. Había correlaciones positivas observadas entre el ajuste psicológico positivo y las actitudes positivas acerca del propio envejecimiento. Los que tenían discapacidad congénita y el ajuste psicológico más alto divulgado demostraron perspectivas más positivas del envejecimiento personal. Conclusión: El envejecer con discapacidad física es un proceso complejo que
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Royal, Segolene; Sapin, Michel
2017-01-01
This document gathers three legal texts which respectively define and eventually give elements and methods of calculation of conditions of additional remuneration or purchase of electricity produced by limited wind energy installations, by biogas-based electricity production installations, and by photovoltaic installations mounted on buildings
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriana M Tucci
2001-06-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Dados internacionais mostram que os transtornos afetivos têm uma prevalência de, aproximadamente, 11,3% da população. Além disso, são uma das doenças que mais geram perdas sociais e nos relacionamentos familiares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ajuste social e familiar de pacientes com transtornos afetivos (bipolar, unipolar, distimia e com depressão dupla, comparando o resultado entre as categorias diagnósticas, além de verificar quais variáveis estão associadas e conduzem ao pior ajuste. MÉTODOS: Foram feitos a caracterização socioeconômica e demográfica e um levantamento dos dados de evolução e de história da doença por meio de um questionário elaborado para essa finalidade. Para a avaliação de ajuste social, utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Incapacitação Psiquiátrica (DAS/OMS, 1998. O relacionamento familiar foi avaliado pelo Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale (GARF/APA, 1994. Foram estudados 100 pacientes em tratamento, por pelo menos seis meses, no Ambulatório de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina Unesp, Botucatu, SP. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: Com predomínio de mulheres, a maioria dos pacientes tinha no mínimo dois anos de seguimento, idade acima de 50 anos, baixa escolaridade e nível socioeconômico baixo. Não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto aos dados socioeconômicos e demográficos. Na análise de regressão logística, o diagnóstico e o relacionamento familiar tiveram papel significativo no resultado de ajustamento social. Os pacientes unipolares e os distímicos tiveram melhores resultados no ajustamento social e no relacionamento familiar do que os bipolares e aqueles com depressão dupla.OBJECTIVES: International data show that affective disorders have a prevalence of 11.3% in the general population. Besides that, they are responsible for social dysfunctioning and family relationship distress. The aim of this study was to assess social and
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Julie McKenna
2007-01-01
Objective – To examine the human resources environment in Canadian libraries in order to assess readiness to accommodate change and to identify opportunities for human resources planning. The “8Rs” of the study were defined as recruitment, retirement, retention, remuneration, repatriation, rejuvenation, re‐accreditation, and restructuring.Design – This study was undertaken in three phases over nearly three years through the use a variety of methods including literature review, analyses of exi...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alfredo Celso Fantini
2014-03-01
Full Text Available Em Santa Catarina os Termos de Ajuste de Conduta (TACs vêm ganhando espaço como estratégia para garantir, na zona rural, a recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente, principalmente as matas ciliares. No caso dos plantadores de arroz a situação é, no mínimo, discutível: agricultores antes incentivados pelo Estado a usarem para a produção toda a área de várzea, até o limite dos rios, são obrigados agora a recuperarem a vegetação ciliar “que nunca deveria ter sido suprimida”. Ignorando a complexidade da questão, o Ministério Público adotou o comando e controle para resolver “o problema”. Passados três anos, quase nada aconteceu na prática. Neste artigo, usamos uma abordagem sistêmica para compreender a situação-problema e apontar encaminhamentos para a sua melhoria. Em um estudo de caso realizado em Jacinto Machado-SC, foram utilizados métodos qualitativos e quantitativos (análise documental, entrevistas, inventários e oficinas e principalmente a Soft System Methodology (SSM. Os resultados revelaram que a mata ciliar é só mais um elemento de um complexo sistema de interesses, onde fatores sociais, culturais, ambientais e econômicos interagem dinamicamente. Apontam, também, a necessidade de uma aproximação entre os interessados na situação-problema para tornar possível uma acomodação entre as diferentes visões de mundo dos envolvidos
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Wranik, W Dominika; Haydt, Susan M; Katz, Alan; Levy, Adrian R; Korchagina, Maryna; Edwards, Jeanette M; Bower, Ian
2017-05-15
Reliance on interdisciplinary teams in the delivery of primary care is on the rise. Funding bodies strive to design financial environments that support collaboration between providers. At present, the design of financial arrangements has been fragmented and not based on evidence. The root of the problem is a lack of systematic evidence demonstrating the superiority of any particular financial arrangement, or a solid understanding of options. In this study we develop a framework for the conceptualization and analysis of financial arrangements in interdisciplinary primary care teams. We use qualitative data from three sources: (i) interviews with 19 primary care decision makers representing 215 clinics in three Canadian provinces, (ii) a research roundtable with 14 primary care decision makers and/or researchers, and (iii) policy documents. Transcripts from interviews and the roundtable were coded thematically and a framework synthesis approach was applied. Our conceptual framework differentiates between team level funding and provider level remuneration, and characterizes the interplay and consonance between them. Particularly the notions of hierarchy, segregation, and dependence of provider incomes, and the link between funding and team activities are introduced as new clarifying concepts, and their implications explored. The framework is applied to the analysis of collaboration incentives, which appear strongest when provider incomes are interdependent, funding is linked to the team as a whole, and accountability does not have multiple lines. Emergent implementation issues discussed by respondents include: (i) centrality of budget negotiations; (ii) approaches to patient rostering; (iii) unclear funding sources for space and equipment; and (iv) challenges with community engagement. The creation of patient rosters is perceived as a surprisingly contentious issue, and the challenges of funding for space and equipment remain unresolved. The development and
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GESTIÓN FINANCIERA Y LEGITIMIDAD MUNICIPAL [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20040302005
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Edmundo Hernández Claro
2004-11-01
Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 RESUMEN A partir de los abusos que las autoridades municipales han hecho de los recursos públicos a su disposición, especialmente en el rubro de remuneraciones y compensaciones, el artículo sugiere que los gobiernos municipales enfrentan um deterioro en sus niveles de legitimidad. Destacando que el caso afecta en mayor medida a los municipios metropolitanos. Se sugiere trabajar tanto en mejores medidas de fiscalización, como en los ajustes institucionales que requieren las grandes concentraciones urbanas. Palavras chave: Eficacia, eficiencia, gasto público, gestión, inversión municipal, legitimidad, impuesto predial, nómina, recaudación, remuneraciones, sistemas complejos ABSTRACT Since of the excess by the municipal authorities about the use of public resources, in reference to the remunerations, the article suggest that municipal government are facing a crisis in its levels of legitimacy. I suggest work in the improvement of the actions of supervision, and instutional adjusts, mainly for big urban concentrations. Key words: Efficiency, efficacy, complex system, public expenditure, management, municipal investment, legitimacy, payroll, tax
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2011-09-13
... Sieves' general and administrative expense rate to exclude from the numerator the portion of the director remuneration expense reported as a selling expense; (11) we increased Hindustan's reported cost of manufacture...
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Writing and Publishing Books in Counseling: A Survey of Authors.
Seligman, Linda; Kelly, Shirley C.
1990-01-01
Presents data and ideas from 74 authors who published books in counseling field. Reviews writing and publishing process. Provides information on timetables, book contracts, and remuneration as well as suggestions on publisher selection and contract negotiation. (Author/CM)
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Estefanía Estévez
2008-07-01
Full Text Available
En el presente estudio se examinan las diferencias entre cuatro categorías de adolescentes –agresores, víctimas puras, víctimas agresivas y estudiantes no implicados en problemas comportamentales o de victimización en la escuela– en relación con la autoestima, la sintomatología depresiva, el estrés percibido, el sentimiento de soledad, y una medida general de satisfacción con la vida. Los participantes fueron 1.319 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años (47% chicos y escolarizados en siete centros públicos de enseñanza secundaria ubicados en Valencia (España. Los análisis de varianza indicaron la existencia de diferencias significativas entre las cuatro categorías de estudiantes. Así, los adolescentes no implicados mostraron un mejor ajuste psicosocial general: niveles más elevados de autoestima y satisfacción con la vida y niveles inferiores de sintomatología depresiva, estrés percibido y sentimiento de soledad. Las puntuaciones en este grupo fueron equivalentes a aquellas obtenidas por los agresores con respecto a la autoestima, la sintomatología depresiva y la soledad. Sin embargo, los agresores percibieron más estrés y expresaron menor satisfacción con sus vidas, como así también hicieron los otros dos grupos, a saber: víctimas puras y víctimas agresivas. Las víctimas mostraron los niveles más elevados de sentimiento de soledad.
Palabras clave: Agresor, víctima, víctima agresiva, violencia escolar, ajuste psicosocial.
The present study examined differences among four categories of adolescents –aggressors, pure victims, aggressive victims, and students not involved in behavioural or victimization problems at school– with respect to self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, feeling of loneliness, and a general measure of satisfaction with life. Participants were 1,319 adolescents aged from 11 to 16 years old (47% male and drawn from seven state
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Community health worker programs in India: a rights-based review.
Bhatia, Kavita
2014-09-01
This article presents a historical review of national community health worker (CHW) programs in India using a gender- and rights-based lens. The aim is to derive relevant policy implications to stem attrition and enable sustenance of large-scale CHW programs. For the literature review, relevant government policies, minutes of meetings, reports, newspaper articles and statistics were accessed through official websites and a hand search was conducted for studies on the rights-based aspects of large-scale CHW programs. The analysis shows that the CHWs in three successive Indian national CHW programs have consistently asked for reforms in their service conditions, including increased remuneration. Despite an evolution in stakeholder perspectives regarding the rights of CHWs, service reforms are slow. Performance-based payments do not provide the financial security expected by CHWs as demonstrated in the recent Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) program. In most countries, CHWs, who are largely women, have never been integrated into the established, salaried team of health system workers. The two hallmark characteristics of CHWs, namely, their volunteer status and the flexibility of their tasks and timings, impede their rights. The consequences of initiating or neglecting standardization should be considered by all countries with large-scale CHW programs like the ASHA program. © Royal Society for Public Health 2014.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernando RUEDA-JUNQUERA
2009-11-01
Full Text Available RESUMEN: La nueva política comercial del Mercado Común Centroamericano está dando lugar a cambios en los flujos comerciales, que inducirán un ajuste inter-/intraindustrial en el sector manufacturero regional. Este artículo presenta y analiza los principales resultados de un estudio empírico que evaluó el impacto del nuevo programa de integración regional en el patrón de especialización y comercio de manufacturas de cada país miembro. El enfoque empírico empleado conllevó la construcción de hojas de balance que integraron en una base comparable los datos de producción y comercio para el sector manufacturero de cada país. Asimismo, se obtuvieron dos grupos de ratios que midieron respectivamente, la importancia relativa de los mercados regional y mundial para los subsectores manufactureros de cada país, y el potencial de éstos para una especialización inter-/intraindustrial en los dos mercados.ABSTRACT: The new trade policy in the Central American Common Market is given rise to changes in trade flows that will induce an inter-/intraindustry adjustment in the regional manufacturing sector. This article presents and analyses the main results of an empirical study which assessed the impact of the new integration scheme on each member country's pattern of trade and specialisation in manufactures. The empirical approach used in the study involved the construction of balance sheets integrating production and trade data on a comparable basis for each country's manufacturing sector. Likewise, two groups of ratios were obtained. They measured respectively, the relative importance of the regional and world market for the manufacturing subsectors of each country and the subsectoral potential for an inter-/intraindustry specialisation in the two markets.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Engels, Klaus; Gollum, Carsten [Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH, Landshut (Germany). Sparte Wasserkraft; Gruber, Karl Heinz [VERBUND Wasserkraft, Wien/Simbach/Toeging (Austria); Poehler, Frank [Bayerische Elektrizitaetswerke GmbH, Augsburg (Germany); Schleich, Albrecht [Rhein-Main-Donau AG, Muenchen (Germany)
2016-11-01
The current price development in the German electricity market results in significant economic challenges also for larger hydropower assets. Although an ideal partner for the transformation of the German energy system (''Energiewende''), the decline of electricity prices increasingly endangers adequate operations and sustainable investments, too. Hence, not only the renewable, emission-free, flexible and decentralised generation is questions but also multiple additional services for the society which are not remunerated by an ''energy only'' market. Price determination mechanisms as well as remunerations system in general need to be reviewed - an improvement of these structures is essential for larger hydropower assets.
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De loonkloof tussen mannen en vrouwen: Een review van het onderzoek in Nederland
Tijdens, K.G.; van Klaveren, M.
2011-01-01
This article examines 20 studies on the remuneration of men and women in the Netherlands, where the influence of nine groups of factors was viewed: human capital, industry, job classification, job level, glass ceiling, firm size, working hours, gender-composition of occupation, and family building
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Incorporação da densidade no ajuste de dois modelos à curva de retenção de água no solo
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C. A. Tormena
2002-06-01
Full Text Available A curva de retenção de água no solo é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estudos relacionados com a dinâmica da água, com a modelagem de processos físicos do solo e crescimento das plantas. Normalmente, a curva de retenção é obtida por meio de medidas simultâneas do conteúdo de água (θ e do potencial mátrico da água no solo (ψ numa única amostra. Um procedimento alternativo consiste em utilizar várias amostras por ψ para descrever a curva de retenção. A utilização deste procedimento requer a incorporação dos fatores de variação existentes entre as amostras nos parâmetros das funções matemáticas utilizadas para descrever essa curva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a curva de retenção, utilizando esta última sistemática, e ajustar duas diferentes funções não-lineares aos dados de θ(ψ. Amostras indeformadas (0,05 m de diâmetro e 0,05 m de altura foram obtidas num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico cultivado com milho sob plantio direto e preparo convencional do solo. Foram retiradas 96 amostras por sistema de preparo, na profundidade de 0-0,10 m, na linha e na entrelinha da cultura. A curva de retenção foi obtida utilizando-se 12 ψ, sendo 16 amostras por ψ: oito por sistema de preparo e quatro por posição amostrada. Os modelos de Genuchten (1980 - VG e o de Hutson & Cass (1987 - HC foram ajustados aos dados. Funções relacionando os parâmetros dos modelos com as variáveis independentes preparo, posição de amostragem e densidade do solo (Ds os substituíram no ajuste dos dados. Não houve influência estatisticamente significativa dos sistemas de preparo e posição de amostragem (p > 0,05 no ajuste das funções aos dados . Com a função de VG obtiveram-se efeitos significativos da Ds no parâmetro n, o qual foi descrito por uma função quadrática da Ds. Resultado similar foi obtido com o parâmetro "a" da função de HC. A curva de retenção foi sensível às variações da Ds e o
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Clausius Duque Gonçalves Reis
2010-04-01
Full Text Available Tendo em vista a dificuldade de determinação dos pontos de inflexão na curva de titulação potenciométrica de ácidos húmicos, por metodologias tradicionais, foi desenvolvido foi desenvolvido um programa na linguagem Delphi para ajuste multiparamétrico de dados de titulação potenciométrica. Para isso um processo iterativo para estimar as raízes de um polinômio, com base no método de Newton-Raphson, foi utilizado. Os dados das titulações potenciométricas de ácidos húmicos usados nas regressões foram obtidos em um sistema automatizado de titulação potenciométrica. O programa desenvolvido na linguagem Delphi permite maior versatilidade e facilidade de operação, com uma interação mais amigável com o usuário. As curvas de titulação potenciométricas ajustadas sobrepuseram-se quase que totalmente às curvas experimentais. Os valores de pKa e as percentagens de grupos tituláveis dos ácidos húmicos, parâmetros ajustáveis na regressão multiparamétrica, apresentaram valores comparáveis com dados da literatura.Regarding the difficulty of determining the inflection points in the potentiometric titration curve of humic acids by means of traditional methodologies, a Delphi program a Delphi program was developed for the multiparametric data adjustment in potentiometric titration. For this purpose, an iterative process was used, based on the Newton-Raphson method to estimate the roots of a polynomial. The humic acid potentiometric titration data, used in regressions, were obtained in an automated system of potentiometric titration. The program developed in Delphi language features greater versatility, ease of operation and better interaction with the user. The adjusted potentiometric titration curves overlap the experimental curves almost entirely. The pKa values and percentages of titrable groups of humic acids extracted from soil, adjustable parameters in the multiparametric regression, were comparable with those reported
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Voluntary versus Enforced Team Effort
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Claudia Keser
2011-08-01
Full Text Available We present a model where each of two players chooses between remuneration based on either private or team effort. Although at least one of the players has the equilibrium strategy to choose private remuneration, we frequently observe both players to choose team remuneration in a series of laboratory experiments. This allows for high cooperation payoffs but also provides individual free-riding incentives. Due to significant cooperation, we observe that, in team remuneration, participants make higher profits than in private remuneration. We also observe that, when participants are not given the option of private remuneration, they cooperate significantly less.
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THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE REMUNERATION TO THE GUARDIAN OF THE ADULT INCAPACITATED CITIZENS
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Marina Sedelnikova
2017-01-01
Full Text Available УДК 347.163The main purposes of present article are the research of regulatory framework of establishment of repayment for tutors of emancipated incapable persons and legal practice of set-tlement of disputes in abovementioned sphere. Accumulation of methods of scientific cog-nition is a methodological outline of present research, the main methods are system-defined, technic and comparative ones.Based on deep analysis of federal and regional provisions of legislation maintained terms and conditions of payments of repayment for tutors of emancipated incapable persons the social and interim nature of aforementioned payments is concluded. Current state law actually allows to conclude that the state care for the socially vulnerable categories of the citizens, including the elderly and disabled citizens, with limited material resources, encourages the legislator to seek new alternative ways of its implementation. To those should be referred "social outsourcing", that is, privatization of "unprofitable" social services in order to optimize the budgetary resources. Meanwhile, the reduction of costs for the implemen-tation of the social functions of the state should not take place to the detriment of the content component.In the scientific literature there is no unanimity of views on the legal nature of the payments made by the trustees for the performance of such duties. Comparison of remuneration of trustees with a monthly payment for child care until the age of 1.5 years to achieve it possible to identify common objectives of establishing these payments, as well as the identity of their social and interim nature. Confirmation designated theses is to analyze the provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation, in which the caregiver award is regarded as one of the ways to sequence the elimination of in-patient care and social services at home, which also contribute to the strengthening of social protection of this category of citizens
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Recuero, Alfonso
1984-06-01
Full Text Available An algorithm to solve systems of linear homogeneous diophantine equations is given here. Subsequently, as an example of application, a method of heuristic search for the best solution is described; this fulfils certain conditions within an infinite space of solutions of various dimensions. Finally, an application of the algorithm and of the process of heuristic search for the best solution in adjusting chemical reactions is described. The listing in BASIC of the program of application mentioned is included, for the HP-75 portable computer.
Se presenta un algoritmo de resolución de sistemas de ecuaciones diofánticas lineales y homogéneas. Seguidamente y como ejemplo de aplicación se describe un método de búsqueda heurística de una solución óptima que cumpla unas ciertas condiciones dentro de un espacio infinito de soluciones de varias dimensiones. Por último se describe la aplicación del algoritmo y del procedimiento de búsqueda heurística para el caso de ajuste de reacciones químicas. Se incluye el listado en BASIC del programa para el ordenador HP-75. -
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rosana Ribeiro
2007-05-01
Full Text Available A partir da década de 90, a introdução de inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais na indústria brasileira se intensificou significativamente. Um dos objetivos deste artigo é analisar os principais obstáculos à negociação de cláusulas referentes a essas inovações entre o sindicato dos trabalhadores da indústria de calçados, da indústria siderúrgica e da indústria têxtil e os respectivos empresários. Outro objetivo é investigar o grau de difusão das recentes medidas de flexibilização da legislação trabalhista e a estratégia desses sindicatos. Palavras-chave: Ajuste produtivo. Negociação coletiva. Flexibilização. Legislação trabalhista. During the 90’s, many new technologies and innovations in organizational structure were introduced to the Brazilian industry. One of the purposes of this article is to analyze the main obstacles to the negotiation of new labor laws in relation to theses changes between labor unions (footwear, metal and textile industry workers and the owners of the factories. The other purpose is to investigate the level of diffusion of the recent flexibilization measures of the labor legislation and the strategy of these unions. Keywords: Productive adjustment. Collective negotiation. Flexibilization. Labor laws.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alexander Muela
2013-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en examinar el ajuste social y escolar de jóvenes que habían sufrido maltrato en la infancia y se encontraban en situación de acogimiento residencial. Además, pretendíamos comprobar si existían diferencias entre los sujetos sometidos a distintas situaciones de desprotección infantil. En el estudio participaron 318 jóvenes residentes en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco de edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años (M = 15.35, DT = 1.68 pertenecientes a tres colectivos. El primero de ellos estaba constituido por 69 jóvenes (31 mujeres y 38 varones víctimas de maltrato infantil que se hallaban bajo una medida de protección de acogimiento residencial. El segundo grupo estaba formado por 75 jóvenes (29 mujeres y 46 varones víctimas de maltrato infantil que se encontraban en situación de riesgo de desamparo. Por último, el tercer grupo estaba constituido por 174 jóvenes (95 mujeres y 79 varones que no habían sufrido maltrato. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que, independientemente de la situación de desprotección infantil en la que se encontrasen, los jóvenes víctimas de maltrato infantil mostraban mayores dificultades de adaptación social y escolar que los jóvenes que no habían sufrido maltrato en la infancia.
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2012-04-27
... agreement setting forth the duties of both parties and providing for remuneration of the agent. 12 CFR 7... (Honorary directors or advisory boards): Any listing of a national bank's honorary or advisory directors must distinguish between them and the bank's board of directors or indicate their advisory status. 12...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alexandre Pereira Salgado Junior
2010-08-01
Full Text Available A gestão da cadeia de suprimentos é um problema que sempre instigou gestores por todo o mundo, ademais os modelos de previsão da demanda tradicionais não mais satisfazem os novos desafios da gestão dos estoques e da ruptura. Assim, novas soluções foram desenvolvidas, buscando-se melhorar os níveis de serviço prestados ao consumidor final. Dentre elas, destaca-se a utilização da TI que, por disponibilizar a informação em tempo real, pode contribuir para o ajuste dos modelos tradicionais de previsão da demanda. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como a TI pode ajudar o segmento de bebidas a ajustar sua previsão de demanda. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso, analisando uma empresa de bebidas carbonatadas, escolhida por conveniência. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados destacam-se melhorias no nível dos estoques, na ruptura e no nível de serviço.
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5 CFR 2641.301 - Statutory exceptions and waivers.
2010-01-01
... employee. (3) Compensation. Compensation includes any form of remuneration or income that is given in..., in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, makes a certification published... phase of a procurement. (ii) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics may review any agency...
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The European Working Time Directive: a practical review for surgical trainees.
Fitzgerald, J E F; Caesar, B C
2012-01-01
The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) 2003/88/EC is a Union Directive laying down minimum health and safety requirements for the organisation of working time. Originally primarily intended as labour law, its progressive introduction up to full implementation for doctors-in-training in August 2009 has substantially reduced duty-hours and caused widespread concern in surgery. Detrimental effects on the continuity of patient care, reduced availability of medical staff with associated rota difficulties, and the reduction in time for training junior doctors have been widely cited. Craft-specialities such as surgery and those providing an acute service have faced particular challenges. This review offers a practical guide for surgical trainees, explaining the European regulations in the context of current terms and conditions of doctor's employment in the UK. Information is provided on protecting training, opting-out, seeking remuneration for this, and ensuring doctors and patients are protected with appropriate medical indemnity cover in place. Copyright © 2012 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Agung Nur Probohudono
2016-06-01
Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors affecting directors’ remuneration. Factors tested in this study are distress status, company performance, ownership structure and board composition. Sample of this study is non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, Malaysia Stock Exchange, Singapore Stock Exchange and Australian Stock Exchange. A total of 474 companies’ financial reports are used in this study for the period of 2011-2013. This study uses purposive sampling method to select the sample. This study uses multiple regression to examine factors that affect directors’ remuneration. The result shows that average of directors’ remuneration for distress and non-distress companies in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia is different. Singaporean firms tend to provide higher directors’ remuneration than other countries, while the lowest ones are Malaysian firms. The result shows that distress status, managerial ownership and ownership concentration affect directors’ remuneration, while the shareholder return, ROA and board composition do not affect the directors’ remuneration. This paper is beneficial to connect between remuneration and corporate performance when firms experience distressed and non-distressed. This paper also provides contribution for firms, investors and practitioners in issue related to directors’ remuneration.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ludwig, Maximilian Uwe; Toprani, Vipul; Witte, Frank
2014-07-01
The enactment of the Law Giving Priority to Renewable Energies (EEG) in 2000 laid the cornerstone for the transformation of the German electricity supply. Since then the proportion of renewable energy in electricity production has grown dramatically, confronting the German network infrastructure, which was initially designed for a centralised supply system, with new problems and challenges. In order to achieve optimal coordination between volatile energy infeeds, electricity storage plants and consumers it is necessary to bring all components involved together in a smart grid. A small-scale grid of this description is currently being operated and investigated on the EUREF Campus in Berlin Schoeneberg. The task of achieving optimal allocation of energy flows and getting the micro smart grid to run accordingly, i.e. at a profit, poses new challenges to all involved. To be able to determine the economic efficiency of smart grids a calculation model was developed which simulates the operation of production and storage plants and takes the behaviour of real consumers into account. The model rates the profitability of investments made in terms of their capital value. In its current version the model still disregards the legal regulations for the remuneration of electricity produced from a mix of renewable resources. These cannot be considered as physically separate in a smart grid. In the present study a module based on EEG provisions was developed which calculates remuneration rates as a function of production and demand at a given moment. This is one of several factors which influence the economic efficiency of smart grids. The study undertakes to identify these factors and describe their influence on the profitability of the total investment.
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2010-01-01
... prior to March 1, 2003. Unless otherwise specified, references after that date mean the Director of the... Service forms by one whose remuneration, if any, is nominal and who does not hold himself out as qualified... Office means Executive Office for Immigration Review. (o) The terms director or district director prior...
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2010-01-01
... completion of blank spaces on printed Service forms by one whose remuneration, if any, is nominal and who... Director, unless otherwise specified, means the Director of the Executive Office for Immigration Review. For a definition of the term Director when used in the context of an official with the Department of...
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Factors associated with Burnout Syndrome Among Nigerian ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
BARRISTER AGBO
satisfaction, victimization, proper remuneration, fear of workplace , and poor work environment with ... 97 female) participated in this study. ... Haris Stress Inventory (HSI) were the instruments used for the study. ... A review of the literature shows that there is no clear-cut ... 2002). Gender also plays a role in burnout syndrome.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cruz Meléndez Roxana
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen:En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación aplicada cuyo objeto de estudio fue un grupo de hombres exfuncionarios y mujeres exfuncionarias del área administrativa de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR que se encuentran en la etapa de vida denominada “la mediana edad” y que enfrentan el proceso trabajo-retiro laboral. El estudio consistió en identificar los principales factores que inciden en el retiro laboral a una edad más temprana; la viviencia del proceso, el ajuste a la jubilación y sus implicaciones a nivel personal y social. La información recopilada se obtuvo a partir de la técnica “la entrevista fenomenológica” concebida como una exploración profunda que proporciona datos de gran valor conceptual y humana; en ella, tanto la persona que entrevista como la entrevistada mantienen un compromiso para que la búsqueda de la información sea dentro de una relación empática. Partiendo de lo subjetivo por su historia de vida al mandato social por lo roles asignados y asumidos por la población en estudio. Los resultados obtenidos indican que pareciera que la valoración que cada uno de los participantes hace de su rol laboral y el significado del trabajo en sus vidas es determinante en el proceso de retiro laboral y su ajuste al rol de persona jubilada.Abstract: This article presents the results of applied research study that was aimed at a group of men and women, former administrative staff of the University of Costa Rica that are in the stage of life called middle age and facing work-retirement process work. The study consist in identify the main factors affecting the removal from work at a younger age, the experiencing process, adjustment to retirement and its implications for personal and social level. Information collected was obtained from the technique "the phenomenological interview “conceived as a deep exploration that provides valuable data conceptual and human, in her interview both
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Photovoltaic remuneration policies in the European Union
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sarasa-Maestro, Carlos J.; Dufo-López, Rodolfo; Bernal-Agustín, José L.
2013-01-01
The purpose of this paper is to study the development of photovoltaic (PV) systems in some countries of the European Union (EU). We establish the stage of development of each country, their short- and long-term degree of compliance and the trends of international investors favouring one market or another. EU countries employ four major types of programs to encourage PV use: (1) feed in tariffs (FIT), (2) green certificates with a quota system, (3) investment and tax incentives, and (4) bids on the quota system. The FIT is the most widely used program to create incentives for the use of PV systems. During the past two years, PV tariffs have been reduced in many European countries. Investments in PV are still attractive, in some cases even overly generous with respect to the financial landscape in the world. This paper shows, for each country, the type of incentive and the trends in and forecast for installed capacity and calculates the internal rate of return (IRR) for investment in grid-connected PV systems. - Highlights: ► This work shows the EU positioning on development of photovoltaic (PV) systems. ► The installed power and the internal rate of return have been used as reference. ► The existing programs in relation to pay and incentives have been reviewed
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Anderson L. de Souza
2011-12-01
Full Text Available O sucesso na utilização de modelos matemáticos no estudo do transporte de íons no solo está intimamente ligado à precisão com que os parâmetros de transporte envolvidos neste processo são estabelecidos. De maneira geral, tais parâmetros são determinados mediante a resolução de um problema de otimização não linear em que os dados experimentais, obtidos em ensaios de deslocamento miscível, são ajustados a um modelo teórico. Neste sentido, a utilização de softwares de alta performance no ajuste destes parâmetros mostra-se vantajosa, uma vez que, além da consistência e da disponibilidade de ferramentas numéricas preexistentes, possibilita a incorporação de novas rotinas de acordo com o fenômeno que se queira simular. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver, em ambiente MATLAB 6.5, uma rotina computacional para a otimização dos seguintes parâmetros de transporte: fator de retardamento (R e coeficiente de dispersão (D. A rotina desenvolvida foi aplicada a dados experimentais de três ensaios de deslocamento miscível do íon potássio em colunas preenchidas com um Latossolo Vermelho- -Amarelo, fase arenosa. A qualidade dos ajustes obtidos foi avaliada utilizando-se do coeficiente de exatidão. Concluiu-se que a rotina proposta apresentou ótimo desempenho, o que, além de reforçar a consistência do método numérico utilizado, indica que a rotina proposta neste trabalho pode contribuir com o avanço dos estudos teóricos da dinâmica da água e de solutos em meios porosos não saturados.The successful use of mathematical models in studies of solute transport in soil is dependent on the accuracy to which the transport parameters involved in this process can be specified. In general, these parameters are determined by using nonlinear optimization techniques to fit theoretical models to experimental data obtained in miscible displacement experiments. The use, therefore, of high-performance software to
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78 FR 25322 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request
2013-04-30
...'') board of directors has adopted procedures reasonably designed to provide that the remuneration to an... Company Act'') deems a remuneration as ``not exceeding the usual and customary broker's commission'' for... the amount and source of the commission, fee, or other remuneration received; the identity of the...
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48 CFR 52.232-12 - Advance Payments.
2010-10-01
... the writ of attachment or other process; (8) Pay any remuneration in any form to its directors... the writ of attachment or other process; (8) Pay any remuneration in any form to its directors... to the administering office; accrue excess remuneration without first obtaining an agreement...
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26 CFR 31.3121(s)-1 - Concurrent employment by related corporations with common paymaster.
2010-04-01
... inappropriate, the district director may adjust the remuneration records of the related corporations to reflect appropriate remuneration. The district director may use the principles of § 1.482-2(b) in making the... remuneration to A are determined by the district director to be appropriate. Under these facts, the tax is...
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26 CFR 31.6413(c)-1 - Special refunds.
2010-04-01
... from the employee's remuneration by reason of such agreement has been paid to the district director... such remuneration for services covered by an agreement made pursuant to section 218 of the Social... from an employee's remuneration as a result of an agreement made pursuant to section 218 of the Social...
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IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEM OF COMPENSATION OF NPR OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrey E. Shklyaev
2015-01-01
Full Text Available The article is devoted to the problem of formation of effective system of remuneration of scientific and pedagogical staff of the University. The characteristic of different systems of remuneration of teachers of Russian higher educational institutions. Formulated some proposals for improving the effectiveness of the remuneration system of the NRP of the University. The suggested remuneration system makes it possible to relate the amount of salary of each individual teacher’s or employee’s performance with educational institutions in General and his personal labour contribution in particular.
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2010-04-01
... director of any part of the employee tax paid with respect to remuneration received by him from the..., 1956, and before August 27, 1958, that such part of the remuneration received by him for services... employer taxes were paid be deemed to constitute remuneration for employment, if: (i) Any of the services...
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Petersen, Inge; Fairall, Lara; Egbe, Catherine O; Bhana, Arvin
2014-05-01
To conduct a qualitative systematic review on the use of lay counsellors in South Africa to provide lessons on optimizing their use for psychological and behavioural change counselling for chronic long-term care in scare-resource contexts. A qualitative systematic review of the literature on lay counsellor services in South Africa. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Five randomized control trials and two cohort studies reported that lay counsellors can provide behaviour change counselling with good outcomes. One multi-centre cohort study provided promising evidence of improved anti-retroviral treatment adherence and one non-randomized controlled study provided promising results for counselling for depression. Six studies found low fidelity of lay counsellor-delivered interventions in routine care. Reasons for low fidelity include poor role definition, inconsistent remuneration, lack of standardized training, and poor supervision and logistical support. Within resource-constrained settings, adjunct behaviour change and psychological services provided by lay counsellors can be harnessed to promote chronic care at primary health care level. Optimizing lay counsellor services requires interventions at an organizational level that provide a clear role definition and scope of practice; in-service training and formal supervision; and sensitization of health managers to the importance and logistical requirements of counselling. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hortigóna, B.; Gallardo, J.M.; Nieto-García, E.J.; López, J.A.
2017-09-01
de Rasmussen presentando un exponente de valor 6 realizando un ajuste libre de la función correspondiente. Para los aceros inoxidables Dúplex se obtienen muy bajos ajustes para los dos modelos citados.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renius Mello
2008-02-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar entre os modelos Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, France, Logístico, Logístico modificado e Logístico bicompartimental, aquele que apresenta maior qualidade de ajuste à curva de produção cumulativa de gases em silagens de girassol e milho. Os critérios adotados foram: coeficiente de determinação, quadrado médio do resíduo, análise gráfica das curvas observadas e estimadas, análise gráfica de dispersão dos resíduos estudentizados, erro percentual médio, eficiência relativa e número de iterações para atingir a convergência. Os modelos Brody, France e Logístico bicompartimental apresentaram os maiores valores de coeficiente de determinação em ambos os substratos, e a diferença entre eles pode ser considerada desprezível. Estes modelos apresentaram, também, os menores valores de quadrado médio do resíduo em silagens de girassol, e a diferença entre eles foi considerada desprezível. Os modelos Brody e France apresentaram menor quadrado médio do resíduo em silagens de milho. Todos os modelos apresentaram dispersão positiva dos resíduos em ambos os substratos após 144 horas de incubação. O modelo Brody apresentou menor erro percentual médio e número de iterações em ambos os substratos. Os modelos Logístico bicompartimental e France apresentaram maior eficiência relativa, respectivamente, em silagens de girassol e milho. Assim, o modelo Logístico bicompartimental apresenta maior qualidade de ajuste à curva de produção de gases em silagens de girassol e milho.The aim of this work was to identify among the Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, France, Logistic, Modified logistic and Dual-pool logistic models, the one that presents the highest quality of fit for cumulative gas production curve in sunflower and corn silages. The quality of fit was evaluated by coefficient of determination, residual mean square, graphic analysis of the observed and estimated curves
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Analýza výsledků výzkumu stimulačních systému odměňování u zakázkových strojírenských společností
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Monika Šimánková
2013-10-01
Full Text Available Purpose of the article: This article deals with the stimulation remuneration systems of workers profession in custom engineering companies. For the first there is described theory about remuneration system of workers profession according to performance. Next the article deals with methods which are used. Than follows description of interview solution of stimulation remuneration systems for the first in terms of the respondent characteristics and survey areas and also in terms of statistical hypotheses. The main focus is to analyze data gathered from empiric survey of stimulation remuneration systems and from findings obtained from publication. This obtained findings lead to evaluation of hypotheses defined. There are presented the main results of the analysis in the discussion. Methodology/methods: In the article there are used mostly logical methods (induction, deduction, analysis, systhesis, abstraction, concretization and comparison. Further there are used methods of quantitative and qualitative research (interview survey, examining the causes and motives. From the area of statistical methods there is used particularly the research design (the way of creation data for its subsequent use, instruments for description of collected data (getting the view of the examined phenomenon and statistical reasoning. Scientific aim: The greatest contribution of this article is the analysis of the results of empiric research of stimulation systems of custom engineering companies. Information and the results of this research became starting point for the proposal and creation of predictive model (stimulation model of the impact of the introduction the remuneration system to the income and expenses of company. Findings: Stimulation remuneration systems are mostly created by top management of the custom engineering company. Some of the companies create specific team compound of representatives from different departments, which is responsible to
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Reimbursement for critical care services in India
Jayaram, Raja; Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan
2013-01-01
There are significant variations in critical care practices, costs, and reimbursements in various countries. Of note, there is a paucity of reliable information on remuneration and reimbursement models for intensivists in India. This review article aims to analyze the existing reimbursement models in United States and United Kingdom and propose a frame-work model that may be applicable in India. PMID:23833469
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Problems of salaries management in oil and gas companies
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olga Gennad'evna Kolosova
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Basing on the results of the author's analysis and generalization of practical experience in the organization of remuneration on the oil and gas companies of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District — Yugra, the current state and remuneration policy were defined. The designed SWOT matrix reveals the possibilities of further improvement of the remuneration organization. Innovative development of remuneration systems involves a complex process of selecting management tools to achieve performance targets and implementing business strategies. A study of the most upfront human resources and staff practices in the Russian oil and gas sector has allowed the author to formulate approaches to building effective systems of remuneration. The suggestions described in this paper coordinate the interests of employers and employees. At the same time, they increase efficiency and job satisfaction through raising personal responsibility, which will gain the effectiveness of incentives for oil and gas companies.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o ajuste do modelo volumétrico de Schumacher e Hall por diferentes algoritmos, bem como a aplicação de redes neurais artificiais para estimação do volume de madeira de eucalipto em função do diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo (DAP, da altura total (Ht e do clone. Foram utilizadas 21 cubagens de povoamentos de clones de eucalipto com DAP variando de 4,5 a 28,3 cm e altura total de 6,6 a 33,8 m, num total de 862 árvores. O modelo volumétrico de Schumacher e Hall foi ajustado nas formas linear e não linear, com os seguintes algoritmos: Gauss-Newton, Quasi-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt, Simplex, Hooke-Jeeves Pattern, Rosenbrock Pattern, Simplex, Hooke-Jeeves e Rosenbrock, utilizado simultaneamente com o método Quasi-Newton e com o princípio da Máxima Verossimilhança. Diferentes arquiteturas e modelos (Multilayer Perceptron MLP e Radial Basis Function RBF de redes neurais artificiais foram testados, sendo selecionadas as redes que melhor representaram os dados. As estimativas dos volumes foram avaliadas por gráficos de volume estimado em função do volume observado e pelo teste estatístico L&O. Assim, conclui-se que o ajuste do modelo de Schumacher e Hall pode ser usado na sua forma linear, com boa representatividade e sem apresentar tendenciosidade; os algoritmos Gauss-Newton, Quasi-Newton e Levenberg-Marquardt mostraram-se eficientes para o ajuste do modelo volumétrico de Schumacher e Hall, e as redes neurais artificiais apresentaram boa adequação ao problema, sendo elas altamente recomendadas para realizar prognose da produção de florestas plantadas.This research aimed at evaluating the adjustment of Schumacher and Hall volumetric model by different algorithms and the application of artificial neural networks to estimate the volume of wood of eucalyptus according to the diameter at breast height (DBH, total height (Ht of the clone. For such, 21 scalings of stands of eucalyptus clones were used with
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Neila T. Toledo
2010-03-01
Full Text Available Visou-se neste estudo, realizar o ajuste do modelo de estimativa do desenvolvimento de populações de soja e da variação do índice de área foliar para a variedade IAS 5. Como fonte de variação na velocidade de desenvolvimento, diferentes épocas de plantio foram utilizadas em experimentos nos anos agrícolas de 2004/2005 (três datas e 2005/2006 (quatro datas no IRDeR (Instituto Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural localizado em Augusto Pestana, RS (28º 27' 17" S e 53º 54' 50" W, nos quais foram identificadas as datas em que ocorreram as principais fases do desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, seguindo a Escala Fenológica de Fehr & Caviness e estimados o índice de área foliar em quatro momentos: no final do período de instalação da população vegetal (V6; no início do florescimento (R1; início do enchimento de grãos (R5; e no início da maturação (R7. As variáveis meteorológicas temperaturas mínima e máxima diárias foram coletadas. Após o ajuste dos coeficientes genéticos, o modelo foi formatado no programa Stella 5.0. O modelo de estimativa do desenvolvimento da soja teve desempenho satisfatório, apresentando estimativas precisas para os dados que o determinaram. O modelo de estimativa do índice de área foliar apresentou estimativas satisfatórias.The present study was carried out to adjust the soy population development model and the leaf area index model for the IAS 5 cultivar. Different sowing dates were used in two experiments as source of development variation during 2004/2005 (three dates and 2005/2006 (four dates in the IRDeR (Instituto Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural located in Augusto Pestana, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (28º 27' 17" S and 53º 54' 50" W. The main crop development phases were identified according to the Feher & Caviness phenological scale, and the leaf area index was determined in four occasions: at the final period of plant population installation (V6; at the beginning of flowering
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Abdelrazik, Abeer Mohamed; Ezzat Ahmed, Ghada M
2016-02-01
To evaluate the implementation of alternative safety measures that reduce the risk of transfusion transmissible infections as an affordable measure in low resource countries. It is still difficult in developing countries with limited resources to mandate nucleic acid testing due to its high cost. Although NAT reduces the window period of infection, the developing countries are still in need of an efficient and effective transfusion programme before implementing the complex high cost NAT. Two thousand eight hundred eighty sero-negative first-time and repeat donations from Fayoum University Hospital blood bank were individually analysed by NAT for HIV, HBV and HCV. Only discriminatory-positive NAT were classified comparing the non-remunerated and family replacement donations. Significant discriminatory-positive differences were observed for HBV NAT results, 2 remunerated donations compared to 0 non-remunerated sero-negative donations. The discriminatory positive differences were also significant for HCV NAT results, 4 remunerated donations compared to 1 non-remunerated sero-negative donation. No sero-negative, discriminatory-positive NAT HIV case was found. Seven out of 8 discriminatory positive cases were from first time donations. In order to ensure blood safety, the recruitment and retention of voluntary, non-remunerated repeat donors should be a major commitment for low resource countries in which NAT implementation is costly and not feasible. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ajuste teórico de las curvas PTCR de BaTiO3 dopado con niobio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Castro, M. S.
2002-02-01
Full Text Available In this work, a theoretical fitting to the experimental PTCR effect in slightly Nb-doped BaTiO3 from the Heywang-Jonker model is simulated. Besides, a qualitative approach was used to evaluate the GBBL characteristics of strongly Nb - doped BaTiO3. In both cases, a link between the electrical properties and the defect profile developed in these based - BaTiO3 ceramics was established. From the results, good agreement between experimental and calculated results was obtained for the PTCR ceramics. Asmall increment in Nb2O5 concentration leads to an increasing in the concentration of occupied acceptor states, the energy of the surface state and also the barrier height. In these cases, microstructural observations shown an important grain growth with average grain size between 10 and 100μm. EPR results clearly indicate low concentration of cationic vacancies for these materials. This phenomenon is associated to a charge-compensation mechanism in slightly-doped BaTiO3, that result in a semiconducting behaviour. On the other hand, the electrical behaviour of strongly–doped BaTiO3 moves away from the PTCR effect, and the material becomes insulating with noticeable GBBL characteristics. In this case, microstructural observations along defect structure analysis encourage the hypothesis in which barium vacancies act as acceptor at grain boundaries and play and important role in restricting grain growth of Nb2O5-BaTiO3 ceramics.En este trabajo se determinó la influencia de la concentración de Nb2O5 sobre el comportamiento PTCR de cerámicos basados en BaTiO3. Por otra parte, se estudió el impacto de una gran concentración del dopante sobre el comportamiento GBBL del BaTiO3. En ambos casos, se estableció una relación entre las propiedades eléctricas observadas y la estructura de defectos iónicos desarrollada. La aplicación del modelo de Heywang-Jonker permite el ajuste teórico de las curvas de resistividad – temperatura de los cerámicos PTCR
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Relationship between directors’ compensation and business performance: One issue to debate
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Montserrat Manzaneque
2015-11-01
Full Text Available The compensation received by directors has attracted the interest on good corporate governance practices related to remuneration matters, with particular emphasis on the need to link the remuneration of directors and the business performance. However, the question remains whether this relationship is being implemented or, on the contrary, we must address through other measures that encourage directors’ remunerations more in line with the shareholders’ interests. The analysis of a sample of 76 Spanish firms over the period 2004-2009 shows the existence of this relationship if book based indicators are taken as a reference. However, this relation does not exist with those indicators made according to market data. These results should make researchers and regulators think about the need for new ways of remuneration that convey confidence to compensation systems.
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El ajuste estructural neoliberal en el sector agrario latinoamericano en la era de la globalización
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco García Pascual
2003-10-01
productividad, balanza comercial, precios implícitos en la producción y en la exportación o nivel de ingresos de los agricultores – podemos comprobar fehacientemente que la brecha que ha separado históricamente a la agricultura latinoamericana de los sectores agrarios de los Estados Unidos o de la Unión Europea es cada vez mayor. Es más, los grandes problemas que atenazaban al mundo agrario en América Latina a principios de los ochenta (baja productividad, distribución desigual de los recursos productivos, exclusión social, desequilibrios territoriales, amén de la dependencia tecnológica y de la dependencia financiera del sector siguen siendo la realidad mayoritaria después de dos décadas de ajuste estructural.
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Why Conscription Singapore? The Social and Geostrategic Considerations
2014-03-01
any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate ...47 1. Revising Remuneration .....................................................................48 2...61 A. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ......................................................................61 1. Comparing Responses to Remuneration
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26 CFR 31.3401(c)-1 - Employee.
2010-04-01
... indirectly, any remuneration is not considered to be an employee of the corporation. A director of a... remuneration paid for such services does not constitute wages within the meaning of section 3401(a). [T.D. 6516...
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Gender Equity: Womens Political Empowerment In South Korea
2015-03-01
collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information... remuneration , and advancement.54 The participation gap highlights the imbalance in labor force participation rates; the remuneration gap focuses on
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Motivace a odměňování zaměstnanců v malém podniku
STURZOVÁ, Zuzana
2016-01-01
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to the motivation and remuneration of the employees in the selected company. The main goal is to make an analysis of motivation and remuneration in the company MA-DONA s.r.o. and to make a suggestion to improve these processes. . In the theoretical part the basic concepts related to the topic are explained. In the practical part there is the characteristic of the selected company, the way as the company motivates their employees and which form of remuneration...
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What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence.
Carver, A; Chell, K; Davison, T E; Masser, B M
2018-04-01
Effective recruitment and retention of male donors are vital for the ongoing provision of blood products. Compared with females, male donors are less likely to be medically deferred or experience vasovagal reactions and are typically preferred for plasmapheresis donation in voluntary non-remunerated settings. However, females outnumber males among donors aged under 40 years. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence and identify key motivators for blood donation among males to inform targeted recruitment/retention campaigns. Databases (e.g. EBSCOhost, Web of Science) were searched using terms (dona* OR dono*) AND (blood OR aphaeresis OR apheresis OR plasma* OR platelet* OR platlet*) in title AND (male OR gender OR sex OR female) AND (motivat* OR intention OR attitude OR behavi* OR predictor OR barrier OR deter*) NOT (organ OR sperm OR tissue OR autologous OR oocyte) in text. Two researchers independently systematically scanned quantitative, full-text, English language, peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2015 that examined males/females separately with outcomes of blood donation or self-reported intention. Two additional researchers resolved discrepancies. Among 28 identified articles, the most frequently cited motivators for male blood product donation were as follows: altruism; positive attitude towards incentives; health check(s); subjective norms. Altruism was less pronounced among males compared with females and was combined with 'warm glow' in novice males (impure altruism). Perceived health benefits and incentives (e.g. coffee mugs) were stronger motivators of males than females. Marketing campaigns for recruitment/retention of male donors should focus on identified motivators rather than take a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. © 2017 International Society of Blood Transfusion.
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Stimulation of Managers in Regional Enterprises
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vladimir Nikiforovich Belkin
2018-03-01
Full Text Available Most of the principles related to top managers work incentives were inherited from the planned economy that produces demotivation and opportunistic behaviour. Remuneration is a commercial secret and shall not be disclosed. The system of top managers’ stimulation is unbalanced and does not motivate them to achieve medium- and long-term goals of the company. The study pays great attention to the development of managers’ stimulation policies, the transparency of remuneration, correlation between pay and performance. We provide practical examples of foreign and national experience, showing the ability to ensure the transparency of remuneration of managers, and the relation between compensation and performance. These examples show that managers’ remuneration amount does not always correspond to the efficiency of enterprises and return on capital. To solve these problems, we offer to develop philosophy and policy for the stimulation of managers in enterprises. It will allow to find a balance between the interests of shareholders and managers. Furthermore, this philosophy will have a positive impact on the competitiveness of enterprises in a region. The policy of stimulating managers should include certain key areas. Firstly, it should ensure the competitiveness of managers’ remuneration. Secondly, it implies studying the motives of managers’ work and the integration of these motives in the development of incentive system for the managers. Thirdly, it should include an optimal combination of elements to stimulate labour: base salary, material and social remuneration, short and long-term remuneration, etc. And last, it should consider the indicators and norms of enterprise’s effectiveness as well as the assessment of working results of managers. The results of this research can be used for further study of the stimulation of managers’ work in Russian companies. They can also be used in practice for the analysis of labour incentives of
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REMUNERASI DAN PROBLEM REFORMASI BIROKRASI DI INDONESIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
HAPPY SUSANTO
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Remuneration emerged as a solution to the issues of corruption that afflicts a number of civil servants (PNS and officials in the bureaucracy. Remuneration is expected to improve their performance to be better, but in fact the opposite happened. In a number of media reports, many people who work in the government who aren’t absent from corrupt practices, although they have a high salary. Remuneration, which is in the study of literature is also referred to as pay-for-performance system, the use of performance measurement associated with reward (compensation as appropriate. With the proper compensation, employees no longer think about looking for financial benefits in ways that are not justified by law. On the other hand, the low level of compensation will affect the performance of employees is also low. The implementation of remuneration is one of the government's efforts to lead to good governance, coupled with bureaucratic reform. There is a strong link between the compensation and quality of public services. Improving the quality of public services is also determined by their motivation, but the growth of a great motivation is because of their high compensation. In its development, the remuneration is not absent from criticism. In fact, arguably the remuneration policy and objectives are often misguided. Therefore, governments need to include these policies with strict sanctions if there are employees or officials who make mistakes, disciplinary, and violated the rules.
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Legal. Post-agenda gender battles.
Leach, Mark
2010-10-28
Comparable overall remuneration is not enough to protect employers from Equal Pay claims. Employers must ensure that they can provide legitimate reasons for any difference in remuneration structures, particularly when contrasting predominantly male roles with predominantly female roles.
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CEO pay-performance sensitivity in the South African context
Mark Bussin
2015-01-01
The topic of executive pay-performance sensitivity has resulted in mixed research findings. Literature related to executive remuneration constructs, company performance measures and the underlying theories is critically reviewed in this article. The literature is compared to research findings within the South African context pre, during and post the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The researcher found similar results in the South African context compared to research in other countries and in...
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Trust Repair between a Military Organization and a Local Population: A Pilot Study
2011-02-01
l’aspect « public » du paradigme IIMP, une approche relativement nouvelle pour un grand nombre de militaires et le plus grand des défis pour les...questionnaires were reviewed and approved by the DRDC Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and all participants received remuneration according to DRDC...Form. The Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) has approved this study (L-701A). If you have
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Estilos parentales y valores: la socialización en derechos humanos a lo largo del ciclo vital
Mendes de Oliveira Queiroz, Pablo Vicente
2015-01-01
El principal objetivo de esta tesis fue investigar la relación entre los diferentes estilos parentales de socialización y el ajuste psicosocial de los hijos de distintas generaciones. El ajuste psicológico se evaluó a través del auto-concepto y de la autoestima, el ajuste social se evaluó mediante las prioridades por los valores y el respeto por los Derechos Humanos (DDHH) (percepción del discurso de las madres sobre los DDHH, así como el compromiso de uno mismo hacia estos derechos). La mues...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Álvaro Franco-Giraldo
2006-05-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del ajuste estructural sobre los indicadores de salud en América Latina y el Caribe durante el período de 1980-2000. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio ecológico. Los datos del gasto público y del producto interno bruto per cápita (PIBpc se tomaron del Banco Mundial y los de la esperanza de vida (EV y mortalidad infantil (MI, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El ajuste estructural (adelgazamiento del Estado se evaluó mediante el cambio en el consumo de gobierno (la reducción del gasto público en los países de América Latina y el Caribe en la década de 1980-1990. El cambio en los indicadores de salud se midió por la variación porcentual de la EV y la MI. Se compararon estas variaciones en América Latina y el Caribe con las observadas en diferentes grupos de países de otras regiones del mundo durante el período de 1980-2000. Se determinaron las asociaciones entre la reducción del gasto público y los indicadores de salud mediante la prueba de Pearson. Para estimar el efecto de los cambios sobre la salud se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal multifactorial ajustado según el PIBpc. RESULTADOS: Se observó una ralentización del incremento de la EV y del descenso de la MI en América Latina y el Caribe, especialmente en la década de 1980-1990. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la variación de los indicadores de salud y el cambio del gasto público en todos los grupos de países analizados. Al ajustar el modelo de regresión múltiple, las asociaciones solo se mantuvieron en América Latina y el Caribe. CONCLUSIONES: En la década de 1980, el ajuste de las políticas macroeconómicas tuvo un efecto negativo sobre los indicadores sociales, específicamente sobre los relacionados con la situación de salud en América Latina y el Caribe. Estos efectos se siguieron observando durante la década siguiente.OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of structural adjustment on health
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N. Dorn (Nicholas)
2013-01-01
textabstractBasic assumptions • There is wide interest in connecting issues of (i) occupational culture, (ii) compliance/ misconduct, (iii) remuneration and (iv) clawback (the bonus/malus debate). • Individual-focussed measures (supervision, remuneration and measures in civil or criminal law) must
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78 FR 19263 - Lender Placed Insurance, Terms and Conditions
2013-03-29
... or indirectly, remuneration associated with placing coverage with or maintaining placement with... servicers from receiving, directly or indirectly, remuneration associated with an insurance provider ceding... telephone numbers. Dated: March 25, 2013. Edward J. DeMarco, Acting Director, Federal Housing Finance Agency...
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Penerapan Sistem Remunerasi dan Kinerja Pelayanan
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Tri Wisesa Soetisna
2015-08-01
s perception of remuneration system implementation and adult cardiac surgery services unit’s performance at hospital. This study used a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative study design was cross-sectional using questionnaire for self-assesment. Meanwhile, qualitative study design was descriptive conducted through focus group discussion and document review on data in forms of schedule book, registration book, nursing notes and medical records. Data collection was conducted in 2013 at one hospital in Jakarta. Respondents/informants were functional medical staff, nurses, and administration staff amounted to 29 people. Data was analyzed using univariate and content analysis techniques. Results showed most functional medical staff dan nurse were unsatisfied (71.2% with several things in remuneration system implementation, such as in payroll system and grading determination. However, adult cardiac surgery services unit’s performance is increasing every year before and after the implementation of remuneration system. This hospital is expected to improve the remuneration system in accordance with policy and arrange incentive formulation that is more appropriate with current condition as well as followed with proper socialization and periodical evaluation.
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2010-06-08
... Barbara E. Tillman, Director, AD/CVD Operations, Office 6, Countervailing Duty Investigation; Certain... Less than Adequate Remuneration.'' See Memorandum to Ronald K. Lorentzen, Deputy Assistant Secretary... Remuneration (April 15, 2010). On April 23, 2010, we received comments from Ningbo Jiulong regarding what it...
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2011-10-18
... Countervailing Duty Operations, from Susan H. Kuhbach, Office Director AD/CVD Operations, Office 1... provision of electricity for less than adequate remuneration, and 2) the countervailable subsidy rates for... Other Programs Comment 4 Provision of Electricity for Less Than Adequate Remuneration Comment 5...
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2012-06-04
... allegations concerning electricity that the GOV allegedly provided for less than adequate remuneration (LTAR... investigation into petitioners' allegation.\\9\\ \\9\\ See Memorandum to Melissa G. Skinner, Director, Office 3, AD... for determining whether a government good or service is provided for less than adequate remuneration...
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2013-04-10
...-33). The types of remuneration covered specifically include, without limitation, kickbacks, bribes... patients, but also the payment of remuneration intended to induce or reward the purchasing, leasing, or ordering of, or arranging for or recommending the purchasing, leasing, or ordering of, any good, facility...
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Capital Structure and Managerial Compensation : The Effects of Renumeration Seniority
Calcagno, R.; Renneboog, L.D.R.
2004-01-01
We show that the relative seniority of debt and managerial compensation has important implications on the design of remuneration contracts.Whereas the traditional literature assumes that debt is senior to remuneration, we show that this is frequently not the case according to bankruptcy regulation
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What is work? Insights from the evolution of state foster care
Kirton, Derek
2013-01-01
This article focuses on state foster care as a case study in the (re)configuration and negotiation of boundaries between work and non-work. Foster care can be seen as occupying a liminal position between the domains of ‘work’ and ‘family’, requiring management of the tensions presumed to exist between competing value systems. Through a review of research and policy developments, the relevant boundary issues are contextualized and explored, drawing examples from areas such as remuneration, tax...
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STANDING CONCERTATION COMMITTEE ORDINARY MEETING OF 16 FEBRUARY 2000
2000-01-01
Original: FrenchThe meeting was mainly devoted to the preparation of TREF's next meeting on 30 March, the adoption of two draft administrative circulars concerning compensation for long-term shift work and the assessment of MOAS training in 1999.1. Preparation of TREF's meeting on 30 March 2000The Committee took note of a draft agenda for TREF's next meeting, which includes, in particular, a summary of the long-term care issue and an initial cost-sharing proposal, and various items relating to the five-yearly remuneration review (in particular, the data collection exercise, the study of annual and five-yearly remuneration adjustment methods, the economic and social situation in the Member States and an initial discussion on the career structure).1.1. Draft document on long-term careA draft document for submission to TREF, comprising a summary of the situation and of the work done to date (definition of dependence and risks for the CERN health insurance scheme if no measures covering the long-term care risk ar...
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20 CFR 323.3 - Standards for Board approval of a nongovernmental plan.
2010-04-01
... payable to an employee who is earning remuneration from railroad or non-railroad employment. Employer... remuneration; (e) The plan confers upon covered employees an enforceable right to the benefits under the plan... has been approved by the Board's Director of Unemployment and Sickness Insurance as a nongovernmental...
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2012-03-30
.... See Memorandum to Susan H. Kuhbach, Director, Office 1 from David Layton, International Trade Analyst... Provision of Hot-Rolled Steel by the Steel Authority of India (``SAIL'') for Less Than Adequate Remuneration... the questions regarding land received at less than adequate remuneration, Zenith prevented us from...
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26 CFR 31.3121(d)-1 - Who are employees.
2010-04-01
... neither receives nor is entitled to receive, directly or indirectly, any remuneration is considered not to be an employee of the corporation. A director of a corporation in his capacity as such is not an... they perform services for remuneration under certain prescribed circumstances in the following...
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14 CFR Section 12 - Objective Classification-Operating Revenues and Expenses
2010-01-01
... for premium services and other similar charges. Revenue from airline employees, officers and directors... use of an aircraft at either published tariff or other contractual rates and the remuneration paid by... for flight facilities furnished or operated by the accounting air carrier where the remuneration paid...
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International developments in revenues and incomes of general practitioners from 2000 to 2010.
Kroneman, Madelon; Meeus, Pascal; Kringos, Dionne Sofia; Groot, Wim; van der Zee, Jouke
2013-10-24
The remuneration system of General Practitioners (GPs) has changed in several countries in the past decade. The aim of our study was: to establish the effect of these changes on the revenues and income of GPs in the first decade of the 21st century. Annual GP revenue and practice costs were collected from national institutes in the eight countries included in our study (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden, The United Kingdom (UK)) from 2000-2010. The data were corrected for inflation and purchasing power. Data on the remuneration systems and changes herein were collected from the European Observatory Health Systems Reviews and country experts. Comprehensive changes in the remuneration system of GPs were associated with considerable changes in GP income. Incremental changes mainly coincided with a gradual increase in income after correction for inflation. Average GP income was higher in countries with a strong primary care structure. The gap between the countries where GPs have a lower income (Belgium, Sweden, France and Finland) and the countries where GPs have a higher income (Netherlands, Germany and the UK) continues to exist over time and appeared to be related to dimensions of primary care, such as governance and access. New payment forms, such as integrated care payment systems, and new health care professionals that are working for GPs, increasingly blur the line between practice costs and income, making it more and more important to clearly define expenditures on GPs, to remain sight on the actual income of GPs.
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WORKIN CONDITION OF RURAL LABOR IN MEXICO
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Felipe Contreras-Molotla
2016-01-01
Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to show the behavior of the working conditions of the rural labor force of Mexico in the context of trade liberalization (1990-2010. Therefore, trends in agricultural and non-agricultural occupations are reviewed; salaried and non-salaried activities; labor income; and the main demographic characteristic of labor as age and schooling. The empirical analysis shows processing micro-data samples from the Census of Population and Housing 1990, 2000 and 2010. Among the major results in low growth of wage employment in rural contexts, both agricultural and non-agricultural activities is found. The female agricultural wage labor grew to early twenty-first century and later had a contraction at the end of the decade two thousand. Males still predominantly in farming, but it has increased its participation in the agricultural wage labor. Non-agricultural occupations increased in rural contexts. However, at the last moment of the study became more precarious, as the increased work on their own, with low levels of remuneration, this situation reflects the limited labor demand of labor. Therefore, in the context of trade liberalization, not salaried occupations increased steadily and continues with low levels of remuneration. The geographic region of residence enabled to distinguish differences in the working conditions of the rural population and occupied in time regional wage gap it is slightly shortened. The Northwest, North region were showing the highest levels of labor remuneration, in contrast, the South and Gulf regions were those that had the lowest wages.
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[Survey of blood donors on the topic of "reimbursement for blood donors"].
Zeiler, T; Kretschmer, V
1995-02-01
Remuneration for blood donors, in the way as presently handled by governmental and communal blood transfusion services in Germany, is not generally accepted. It is feared that donors are recruited with increased risk to transmit infectious diseases, especially AIDS. Alternative incentives are discussed. After the so-called AIDS scandal in Germany, a change in the donor motivation was to be expected, associated with an increased willingness to renounce remuneration. Therefore, we performed the present survey, in which we evaluated the donor's willingness to renounce remuneration, possibilities of cashless remuneration and other alternative incentives. During March and April 1994, a total of 1,157 blood donors of the University Blood Bank Marburg were questioned anonymously by a questionnaire in the framework of whole-blood donations. Beside the above-mentioned aspects demoscopic data were included (age, sex, profession, journey). Cutting of remuneration without any other compensation was refused by 86.1% of the donors, 77% would not want to further donate blood in this case. Transfer of money to a bank account instead of cash payment was accepted by 78.6%, the use of non-negotiable cheques by 68.7%. Alternative compensation by tickets for theater, concert, cinema or coupons for restaurants met with the approval of only 27.3%; under these circumstances, 36.9% would be willing to continue blood donation. With increasing age and number of donations, but largely independent of social status, donors attached greater importance to retention of remuneration. Cutting of remuneration would result in a considerable reduction of the willingness to donate blood within the population of donors of the governmental and communal blood transfusion services. However, an increase of virus safety of the blood products would not be reached in this way, since especially the long-term donors would be driven away. Considerable bottlenecks, particularly in the specific blood supply of
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8 CFR 1292.1 - Representation of others.
2010-01-01
... she is appearing without direct or indirect remuneration from the alien he or she represents; (iii) In... or indirect remuneration from the alien he or she represents; and (iv) The law student's or law... immigration judge, district director, officer-in-charge, regional director, the Commissioner, or the Board...
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33 CFR 207.800 - Collection of navigation statistics.
2010-07-01
... of time and/or for a specified remuneration from the lessee. Commercial movements on an affreightment... remuneration for the movement of vessels or for the transportation of goods or passengers on the navigable... to the Director of the Water Resources Support Center, Casey Building, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060...
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2012-04-02
... buildings for less than adequate remuneration, grants, preferential lending, reduction in tax rates, and... Memorandum to Melissa G. Skinner, Director, AD/CVD Operations, Office 3, from Robert Copyak, Senior Financial... remuneration (LTAR) within the meaning of section 771(5)(D)(iii) of the Act. We preliminarily determine to rely...
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78 FR 19326 - Resale Royalty Right; Public Hearing
2013-03-29
.... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director... levels of remuneration and it is not the role of copyright law to elevate one type of work over another. These commenters further claimed that any perceived inequities in the amount of remuneration for a...
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26 CFR 36.3121(l)(7)-1 - Overpayments and underpayments.
2010-04-01
... payment of remuneration is incurred by a domestic corporation pursuant to its agreement are adjustable by... the district director or director of the service center of written notification of the amount due and... incurred under its agreement with respect to any payment of remuneration, the domestic corporation shall...
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2012-03-23
... provided for less than adequate remuneration to the Centurion Companies and Jingu Companies. On September 9... hearing in this investigation. \\11\\ See Memorandum to Melissa G. Skinner, Director, AD/CVD Operations... To Be Used for the Jingu Companies Under the HRS for Less Than Adequate Remuneration (LTAR) Program...
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26 CFR 301.6652-1 - Failure to file certain information returns.
2010-04-01
...), relating to information returns with respect to remuneration of certain crew members defined in section... by fishing boat operators with respect to remuneration of certain crew members, within the time... prescribed if it is established to the satisfaction of the district director or the director of the Internal...
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African Voices on Structural Adjustment : A Companion to Our ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
histoire et l'avenir de l'ajustement structurel en Afrique. Chaque étude évalue le rendement des politiques d'ajustement structurel (PAS) à l'égard d'un secteur ou d'un enjeu en particulier. Dans chaque cas, on évalue la compatibilité des PAS avec ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Genevieve C. Lai
2018-05-01
Full Text Available Indigenous Australians are under-represented in the health workforce. The shortfall in the Indigenous health workforce compounds the health disparities experienced by Indigenous Australians and places pressure on Indigenous health professionals. This systematic review aims to identify enablers and barriers to the retention of Indigenous Australians within the health workforce and to describe strategies to assist with development and retention of Indigenous health professionals after qualification. Four electronic databases were systematically searched in August 2017. Supplementary searches of relevant websites were also undertaken. Articles were screened for inclusion using pre-defined criteria and assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. Fifteen articles met the criteria for inclusion. Important factors affecting the retention of Indigenous health professionals included work environment, heavy workloads, poorly documented/understood roles and responsibilities, low salary and a perception of salary disparity, and the influence of community as both a strong personal motivator and source of stress when work/life boundaries could not be maintained. Evidence suggests that retention of Indigenous health professionals will be improved through building supportive and culturally safe workplaces; clearly documenting and communicating roles, scope of practice and responsibilities; and ensuring that employees are appropriately supported and remunerated. The absence of intervention studies highlights the need for deliberative interventions that rigorously evaluate all aspects of implementation of relevant workforce, health service policy, and practice change.
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Masata, Jaromir; Svabik, Kamil; Zvara, Karel; Hubka, Petr; Toman, Ales; Martan, Alois
2016-10-01
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tension-free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) and single-incision tension-free vaginal tape (Ajust™) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in a randomized two-arm study with a 1-year follow-up. This single-centre randomized trial compared the objective and subjective cure rates of TVT-O and Ajust using objective criteria (cough test) and subjective criteria (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire short form, ICIQ-UI SF). The objective cure rate was defined as the number of patients with a negative cough stress test. Subjective cure was defined as no stress leakage of urine after surgery based on the ICIQ-UI SF. The primary outcome was to establish differences in objective and subjective cure rates between the TVT-O and Ajust groups. We also compared postoperative pain profiles using a visual analogue scale (VAS), improvement in quality of life using the ICIQ- UI SF and the Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire, and overall satisfaction with the surgical procedure using a VAS and a five-item Likert scale. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years, signed informed consent, and urodynamic stress urinary incontinence. Following a power calculation, 50 patients were enrolled into each group (Ajust and TVT-O). The mean follow-up after surgery was 445 days (SD 157.6 days) in the TVT-O group and 451.8 days (SD 127.6 days) in the Ajust group (p = 76.6 %). At 1 year, 47 patients were evaluated in the TVT-O group and 49 in the Ajust group. No differences in subjective cure rates or objective cure rates were observed. In the Ajust and TVT-O groups, the rates for no subjective stress leakage were 89.8 % and 91.5 %, respectively (p = 1.0, OR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.24 - 6.58), and the rates for a negative stress test were 89.8 % and 87.2 %, respectively (p = 0.76, OR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.17 - 3.32). In the Ajust group two patients reported de novo pain during sexual
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2010-12-27
... Director.) Specific conflict of interest rules that should apply to RACs for the Medicare Parts C and D... Remuneration (DIR). The DIR information reported by plans includes rebates paid by pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as other remuneration received by the plan that has the effect of reducing their drug costs...
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2010-01-01
... has professional level status; and (E) The arrangements for remuneration for services to be rendered... remuneration for services. Employment with a different or with an additional employer is not authorized prior... informs the Director of USCIS that a strike or other labor dispute involving a work stoppage of workers is...
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12 CFR 344.6 - Notification by agreement; alternative forms and times of notification.
2010-01-01
... made by independent public accountants or internal auditors responsible only to the board of directors... in § 344.5, except that any such information relating to remuneration paid in connection with the transaction need not be provided to the customer when the remuneration is paid by a source other than the...
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2013-12-19
... in the preamble, the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation revises part 344...; and (2) If the FDIC-supervised institution is to receive remuneration from the customer or any other source in connection with the transaction, a statement of the source and amount of any remuneration to be...
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26 CFR 1.1402(a)-11 - Ministers and members of religious orders.
2010-04-01
... remuneration for services performed in the exercise of his ministry or the rental allowance paid to him as remuneration for such services irrespective of whether such rental value or rental allowance is excluded from... director of internal revenue with whom the waiver certificate, Form 2031, is filed a written statement...
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8 CFR 292.1 - Representation of others.
2010-01-01
... direct or indirect remuneration from the alien he or she represents; (iii) In the case of a law graduate... remuneration from the alien he or she represents; and (iv) The law student's or law graduate's appearance is... director, officer-in-charge, regional director, the Commissioner, or the Board). The official or officials...
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26 CFR 31.3231(b)-1 - Who are employees.
2010-04-01
... of an employer is an employee, but a director as such is not. (7) In determining whether an... part of its business in the United States, only a part of his remuneration for such service shall be regarded as compensation. The part of his remuneration regarded as compensation shall be in the same...
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20 CFR 10.5 - What definitions apply to these regulations?
2010-04-01
... whose claim has been filed. (e) Director means the Director of OWCP or a person designated to carry out... in kind as remuneration; or (2) A reasonable estimate of the cost to have someone else perform the duties of an individual who accepts no remuneration. Neither lack of profits, nor the characterization of...
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17 CFR 230.904 - Offshore resales.
2010-04-01
... affiliates (except any officer or director who is an affiliate solely by virtue of holding such position), or... concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities offered or sold: (i) Neither the seller... selling concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities sold, the seller or a person...
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20 CFR 404.1237 - Wage reports and contribution returns-general-for wages paid prior to 1987.
2010-04-01
.... (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0960-0425) [53 FR 32976, Aug. 29, 1988...) excludes as wages the cash remuneration an employer pays employees for agricultural labor which is less... less than 20 days during a calendar year, the cash remuneration computed on a time basis. If a State...
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20 CFR 340.16 - Debt collection.
2010-04-01
... RECOVERY OF BENEFITS § 340.16 Debt collection. (a) The Associate Executive Director for Unemployment and... person paying remuneration for time lost or any sum or damages for personal injury to remit the amount of reimbursement due the Board, if any, within 30 days of the date of the payment of remuneration or damages to an...
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Metabolomic Profiling of Prostate Cancer Progression During Active Surveillance
2016-10-01
reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215...aggressive disease. 10. Payment and Remuneration a. Detail compensation for participants including possible total compensation, proposed bonus, and any...proposed reductions or penalties for not completing the protocol. Participants did not receive payment or remuneration for their original donation of
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Advanced Lung Cancer Screening: An Individualized Molecular Nanotechnology Approach
2014-08-01
Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302...study appointments, includ- ing contacting subjects before appointments, providing minimal financial remuneration for attendance at each visit, and...upper lobe–predominant emphysema observed in HIV subjects. Despite patient navigators and remuneration for contin- ued participation, this study is
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17 CFR 270.12d1-1 - Exemptions for investments in money market funds.
2010-04-01
...)(3) and 270.17e-1(d)(2), the payment of a commission, fee, or other remuneration to a broker shall be...) of the Act if: (1) The commission, fee, or other remuneration is paid in connection with the sale of... directors, the company's investment adviser performs the duties of the board of directors. [71 FR 36655...
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2016-04-05
information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information...taken from Crafts’ research, for Great Britain and Japan. 49 Linda MacGrain Herkenhoff, “A Socially Intelligent Approach to Global Remuneration ...and Slavery. Gordonsville: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Herkenhoff, Linda MacGrain. "A Socially Intelligent Approach to Global Remuneration ." World
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Cadeddu, Chiara; Specchia, Maria Lucia; Cacciatore, Pasquale; Marchini, Raffaele; Ricciardi, Walter; Cavuto, Costanza
2017-01-01
Audit and feedback are recognized as part of a strategy for improving performance and supporting quality and safety in European health care systems. These considerations led the Clinical Management Staff of the "Regina Elena" Italian Cancer Institute to start a project of self-assessment of the quality of clinical records and organizational appropriateness through a retrospective review. The evaluation about appropriateness and congruity concerned both clinical records of 2013 and of 2015. At the end of the assessment of clinical records of each Care Unit, results were shared with medical staff in scheduled audit meetings. One hundred and thirteen clinical records (19%) did not meet congruity criteria, while 74 (12.6%) resulted as inappropriate. Considering the economic esteem calculated from the difference between Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) primarily identified as main diagnosis and main surgical intervention or procedure and those modified during the Local Health Unit (LHU) assessment, 2 surgical Care Units produced a high negative difference in terms of economic value with a consequent drop of hospital discharge form (named in Italian "scheda di dimissione ospedaliera", SDO) remuneration, 7 Care Units produced about the same medium difference with almost no change as SDO remuneration, and 2 Care Units had a positive difference with a profit in terms of SDO remuneration. Concerning the quality assessment of clinical records of 2015, the most critical areas were related to medical documents and hospital discharge form compilation. Our experience showed the effectiveness of clinical audit in assessing the quality of filling in medical records and the appropriateness of hospital admissions and the acceptability of this tool by clinicians.
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Social and economic value of Portuguese community pharmacies in health care.
Félix, Jorge; Ferreira, Diana; Afonso-Silva, Marta; Gomes, Marta Vargas; Ferreira, César; Vandewalle, Björn; Marques, Sara; Mota, Melina; Costa, Suzete; Cary, Maria; Teixeira, Inês; Paulino, Ema; Macedo, Bruno; Barbosa, Carlos Maurício
2017-08-29
Community pharmacies are major contributors to health care systems across the world. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate community pharmacies services in health care. The purpose of this study was to estimate the social and economic benefits of current and potential future community pharmacies services provided by pharmacists in health care in Portugal. The social and economic value of community pharmacies services was estimated through a decision-model. Model inputs included effectiveness data, quality of life (QoL) and health resource consumption, obtained though literature review and adapted to Portuguese reality by an expert panel. The estimated economic value was the result of non-remunerated pharmaceutical services plus health resource consumption potentially avoided. Social and economic value of community pharmacies services derives from the comparison of two scenarios: "with service" versus "without service". It is estimated that current community pharmacies services in Portugal provide a gain in QoL of 8.3% and an economic value of 879.6 million euros (M€), including 342.1 M€ in non-remunerated pharmaceutical services and 448.1 M€ in avoided expense with health resource consumption. Potential future community pharmacies services may provide an additional increase of 6.9% in QoL and be associated with an economic value of 144.8 M€: 120.3 M€ in non-remunerated services and 24.5 M€ in potential savings with health resource consumption. Community pharmacies services provide considerable benefit in QoL and economic value. An increase range of services including a greater integration in primary and secondary care, among other transversal services, may add further social and economic value to the society.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Walter Ott, O.; Staub, C. [Econcept AG, Zuerich (Switzerland); Leimbacher, J. [Dr. Joerg Leimbacher, Koenizstrasse 43, Berne (Switzerland)
2008-07-01
This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) examines the basic principles behind the definition of monetary compensation for the use of water resources in Switzerland for power generation. The basic aims of such compensation are briefly discussed as are the general economical and technical principles involved. Ownership of the rights pertaining to the use of water resources and the various definitions of licence fees and water taxes and their application are reviewed. Additional remuneration for water storage and appropriation is also discussed.
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Regulation of electricity distribution in Spain. Principles and mechanisms for distribution
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gomez San Roman, T.
2007-01-01
First, a conceptual framework for electricity network regulation is presented. In the second part, this paper reviews the current situation of electricity distribution regulation in Spain highlighting its main shortcomings. Finally, some guidelines for the design of a new remuneration model for each distribution company are proposed. This new regulatory model will increase efficiency, promoting the required investment for improving quality of supply and reducing energy losses. This model is based on two new regulatory tools: regulatory accounting and network reference models. (Author) 15 refs
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Sarma, Sisira; Devlin, Rose Anne; Belhadji, Bachir; Thind, Amardeep
2010-12-01
To investigate the impact of the mode of remuneration on the work activities of Canadian family physicians on: (a) direct patient care in office/clinic, (b) direct patient care in other settings and (c) indirect patient care. Because the mode of remuneration is potentially endogenous to the work activities undertaken by family physicians, an instrumental variable estimation procedure is considered. We also account for the fact that the determination of the allocation of time to different activities by physicians may be undertaken simultaneously. To this end, we estimate a system of work activity equations and allow for correlated errors. Our results show that the mode of remuneration has little effect on the total hours worked after accounting for the endogeneity of remuneration schemes; however it does affect the allocation of time to different activities. We find that physicians working in non-fee-for-service remuneration schemes spend fewer hours on direct patient care in the office/clinic, but devote more hours to direct patient care in other settings, and more hours on indirect patient care. Canadian family physicians working in non-fee-for-service settings spend fewer hours on direct patient care in the office/clinic, but devote more hours to direct patient care in other settings and devote more hours to indirect patient care. The allocation of time in non-fee-for-service practices may have some implications for quality improvement. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Distribution Grid Services and Flexibility Provision by Electric Vehicles: a Review of Options
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Knezovic, Katarina; Marinelli, Mattia; Codani, Paul
2015-01-01
Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation and new high-power consumption loads – such as electric vehicles (EVs) – distribution system operators (DSO) are facing new grid security challenges. DSOs have historically dealt with such issues by making investments in grid reinforcement...... on current grid conditions. In return, flexibility provision should be remunerated accordingly. In this paper, the authors are interested in making an accurate description of the flexibility services at the distribution level which could be provided by EVs as well as their requirements, e.g. location......, activation time and duration. Market design recommendations for enhancing the provision of DSO grid services by EVs are derived from the conducted analysis....
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Prescription Drugs: Comparison of DOD, Medicaid, and Medicare Part D Retail Reimbursement Prices
2014-06-01
information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215...Medicaid Services DIR direct and indirect remuneration DOD Department of Defense FCP federal ceiling price HCPCS Healthcare Common Procedure...prices, we used PDTS data from DOD; unit rebate amount (URA) and CMS-64 data from Medicaid; and the 2010 Direct and Indirect Remuneration (DIR
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ruy Laurenti
2004-12-01
Full Text Available A mortalidade materna pode ser considerada um excelente indicador de saúde, não só da mulher, mas da população geral; mostra, também, iniqüidades. A redução da mortalidade materna é uma das principais metas, estando também incluída nas Metas do Desenvolvimento do Milênio da ONU. OBJETIVO: Conhecer a qualidade da informação da mortalidade de mulheres de 10 a 49 anos, e estimar a razão de mortalidade materna (RMM e os fatores de ajuste para os dados oficiais, no conjunto das capitais de estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. METODOLOGIA: Adotou-se a metodologia RAMOS (a partir da declaração de óbito, entrevista no domicílio da mulher falecida, com preenchimento de questionário, sobre variáveis demográficas, epidemiológicas, clínicas e de acesso a serviços; seguiam-se consultas a prontuários médicos hospitalares e a laudos de autópsia. Após o resgate da informação, pôde ser feita análise das reais causas básicas, terminais e associadas. A população de estudo foi estimada em 7.332 mortes de mulheres de 10 a 49 anos, ocorridas no primeiro semestre de 2002, sendo 239 óbitos por causas maternas. A RMM foi de 54,3 por cem mil nascidos vivos (n.v., no conjunto de capitais, variando entre 42 por cem mil n.v. no Sul, e 73,2 por cem mil n.v. no Nordeste. O fator de ajuste para o conjunto das capitais brasileiras foi igual a 1,4; para as regiões (considerando apenas as capitais, variaram entre 1,08 na Região Norte e 1,83 na Região Sul. As mortes obstétricas diretas corresponderam a 67,1%, mostrando que assistência ao pré-natal, ao parto e ao puerpério deve ser aprimorada.INTRODUCTION: There is criticism as to the heterogeneity and reliability of mortality data in Brazilian Regions. However, official mortality statistics of State Capitals are more accurate and have adequate coverage. Reduction of maternal mortality is one of the world's major goals and it is measured by the Maternal Mortality Ratio. International
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Energy service collaborations. It is a question of trust
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Backlund, S. [Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Energy Systems, Linkoeping University, Linkoeping (Sweden); Eidenskog, M. [Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change, Linkoeping University, Linkoeping (Sweden)
2013-08-15
Energy services have been highlighted both in European Union directives and in academic literature as an important tool to increase energy efficiency. Performance-based energy services, i.e., outsourcing energy management in performance-based remuneration contracts, is said to overcome many of the barriers that have been used to explain the energy efficiency gap. Energy service companies (ESCOs) help organizations to implement energy-efficient solutions in order to reduce energy costs. By combining science and technology studies (STS) analysis and economics in an interview study of firms, the paper contributes insights on the relational nature of energy service collaborations. The objective of the study is to describe how knowledge and incentives affect trust between partners in performance-remunerated energy service collaborations. Performance-based remuneration is one aspect that makes energy service contracts complex. On the one hand, risk is recognized as an important barrier to energy efficiency. Since remuneration to ESCOs is based on energy savings, they also share the financial and technical project risk with their clients. On the other hand, performance-based remuneration can create a lack of trust. Performance is measured in calculations made by the ESCO, calculations that demand expertise that client firms do not possess. ESCOs are consulted for their knowledge on energy efficiency and therefore an imbalance of knowledge is in the nature of energy service collaborations. The paper concludes that if the initial doubt is overcome, long-term collaborations can be advantageous for both parties, since this builds trust and generates long-term profits.
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2016-04-04
information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information...Herkenhoff, “A Socially Intelligent Approach to Global Remuneration ,” World Journal of Management 1, no. 1 (September 2009): 118-140. Spector, Cooper, and...Socially Intelligent Approach to Global Remuneration ." World Journal of Management 1, no. 1 (September, 2009): 118-40. Hofstede, Geert H. and Geert
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Veterans’ Disability Compensation: Trends and Policy Options
2014-08-01
for veterans who deployed to the Gulf War in 1990 or thereafter. However, VA has not made available data on remuneration for those conditions. 31...Associate Director for Economic Analysis, Congressional Budget Office, before the Subcommittee on Social Security of the House Committee on Ways and...program remunerates veterans for their service-connected medical conditions. In addition, determination of disability by VA is a first step toward
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Enhancing Battlemind: Preventing PTSD by Coping with Intrusive Thoughts
2014-05-01
collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for...with our participant remuneration (gift cards). We were optimistic that we would be able to issue replacement gift cards to all affected study... remuneration (gift cards) were successful. We would able to issue replacement gift cards to all affected study participants in the coming quarter; as we
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Atika Hendryani
2017-05-01
Full Text Available The good remuneration information system services can provide useful information for hospital administrators to evaluate employee performance. The aim of this research is to develop a remuneration system services to support employee performance evaluation Kepahiang Hospital. System development methods using FAST (Framework for the Application of Systems Thinking / Framework for Application of Systems Thinking. Evaluation results of employee performance become the basis of government decision-makers to make improvements and reward. Data used in the research is the data of performance of employees and the amount of revenues from services. Remuneration information system services to produce output tables and graphs to support employee performance evaluation in hospitals Kepahiang for various levels of management. The quality of the information system of the proposed system is better than the old information system.
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Seleção e classificação multivariada de modelos de crescimento não lineares para bovinos Nelore
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
N.A.M. Silva
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Utilizou-se análise de agrupamento para classificar e selecionar modelos não lineares de crescimento de bovinos Nelore, tendo em vista os resultados de diferentes avaliadores de qualidade de ajuste. Ajustaram-se 12 modelos não lineares. A qualidade de ajuste dos modelos foi medida pelo coeficiente de determinação (R², quadrado médio do erro (QME, critério de informação de Akaike (AIC, critério de informação Bayesiano (BIC, erro quadrático médio de predição (MEP e coeficiente de determinação de predição (R²p. O modelo Brody foi o que apresentou o melhor ajuste para o conjunto de dados.
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Teorías e hipótesis de régimen aplicadas al estudio de ajuste dinámico de los cauces aluviales
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Conesa García, Carmelo
2003-06-01
Full Text Available Geomorphic approaches to describe and explain the equilibrium alluvial river channel form, and another approache porpuses to stable «regime» channel design, have relied on simple equations relating channel dimensions to sediment grain-size, gradient and discharge. These equations are either empirical «hydraulic geometry» equations, obtained from regression analysis of the main variables sampled in natural rivers, or «rational» regime equations derived from physical theory of hydraulics and sediment transport. In this work several theories and hypothesis on the river regime are shown in order to explain the dynamic adjustments of channels in connection with environmental changes: i theory of unit stream power, ii minimum energy dissipation rate , iii dispersive-force model, iv concepts of boundary shear stress and critical bank shear, v other regime relationships. Finally, the last part is devoted to the application of the regime theories in arid and semi-arid environments, by considering it a complex aspect, of great interest in the hydro-morphologic context and until the moment little studied.
Las aproximaciones geomórficas para describir y explicar la forma de equilibrio de un cauce fluvial y los métodos propuestos para el diseño de cauces de «régimen » estable han contado siempre con ecuaciones simples que relacionan las dimensiones del cauce con el tipo de sedimento, pendiente y caudal. Estas ecuaciones son ecuaciones empíricas de «geometría hidráulica», obtenidas a partir del análisis de regresión de variables relevantes muestreadas en cursos de agua naturales o ecuaciones «racionales » de régimen derivadas a partir de la teoría física sobre hidráulica y transporte de sedimentos. En este trabajo se muestran diferentes teorías e hipótesis de régimen para explicar el ajuste dinámico de los cauces aluviales en relación con los cambios ambientales: i teoría de energía por unidad de corriente, ii tasa m -
Dawson, A J; Nkowane, A M; Whelan, A
2015-12-18
Despite considerable evidence showing the importance of the nursing and midwifery workforce, there are no systematic reviews outlining how these cadres are best supported to provide universal access and reduce health care disparities at the primary health care (PHC) level. This review aims to identify nursing and midwifery policy, staffing, education and training interventions, collaborative efforts and strategies that have improved the quantity, quality and relevance of the nursing and midwifery workforce leading to health improvements for vulnerable populations. We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review question and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The quality of retrieved papers was appraised using standard tools. The characteristics of screened papers were described, and a deductive qualitative content analysis methodology was applied to analyse the interventions and findings of included studies using a conceptual framework. Thirty-six papers were included in the review, the majority (25) from high-income countries and nursing settings (32). Eleven papers defined leadership and governance approaches that had impacted upon the health outcomes of disadvantaged groups including policies at the national and state level that had led to an increased supply and coverage of nursing and midwifery staff and scope of practice. Twenty-seven papers outlined human resource management strategies to support the expansion of nurse's and midwives' roles that often involved task shifting and task sharing. These included approaches to managing staffing supply, distribution and skills mix; workloads; supervision; performance management; and remuneration, financial incentives and staffing costs. Education and training activities were described in 14 papers to assist nurses and midwives to perform new or expanded roles and prepare nurses for inclusive practice. This review identified collaboration between
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
HABERLE, T.J.
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Actualmente, los consumidores de fruta son altamente exigentes tanto en la calidad externa como interna de la fruta. En el aspecto externo, exigen ausencia de daños causados por plagas y/o enfermedades con énfasis en aquellas consideradas cuarentenarias como es Mancha Negra (MN causada por el hongo Guignardia citricarpa Kiely. Con respecto a los aspectos internos, se considera que debe tener alta calidad organoléptica y, sobre todo, tener mínimos residuos de plaguicidas. Para contribuir con ambos objetivos, se están realizando desde hace varios años tratamientos para optimizar la dosis de fungicidas y volúmenes aplicados a lotes con frutas con destino de exportación. A tal efecto se han realizado ensayos por tres años para el ajuste del volumen de caldo a aplicar por hectárea en función del tamaño de los árboles aplicando la fórmula del TRV (“Tree Row Volume” en un lote de naranja Valencia (Citrus sinensis L. Osb. con alta incidencia de (MN. Los ensayos consistieron en la utilización de picos inyectores de aire ID instalados en turbinas de alto volumen con el fin de reducir el volumen total de caldo de modo similar al logrado con la tecnología de bajo volumen. Los resultadosobtenidos en diferentes campañas con picos ID en tratamientos reducidos al 50% en volumen ejercieron un muy buen control de la enfermedad sin diferencias significativas con respecto a los tratamientos de alto volumen convencionales. Esta estrategia permite optimizar la utilización de equipos existentes con el beneficiodel ahorro de agua, insumos y, además, sustentable con el ambiente.
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The Two-Headed Eagle: Faces of Russian Foreign Policy
2015-06-01
Maxwell AFB, Alabama, in 2000. He has served as Executive Officer to the Eighth Air Force Intelligence Director , Exchange Officer with the UK Royal...received his first indications that the Western leaders would acquiesce to his demands for remuneration vis-à-vis territory at this meeting. He...formalize distribution of authority and remunerations in Germany, Churchill expressed concerns to Stalin that “it looked as if Russia were rolling on
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Capital Structure and Managerial Compensation: The Effects of Renumeration Seniority
Calcagno, R.; Renneboog, L.D.R.
2004-01-01
We show that the relative seniority of debt and managerial compensation has important implications on the design of remuneration contracts.Whereas the traditional literature assumes that debt is senior to remuneration, we show that this is frequently not the case according to bankruptcy regulation and as observed in practice.We theoretically show that including risky debt changes the incentive to provide the manager with stronger performance-related incentives ("contract substitution" effect)...
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Effet du régime hydrique sur les rendements du gombo en culture ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
en sels minéraux. L'ajustement de la quantité d'eau chez les plantes arrosées tous les 3 jours au cours de l'essai de la période chaude explique la teneur en eau supérieure à celle des plantes arrosées tous les deux jours. Cet ajustement aurait permis à ces plantes de maintenir une teneur en eau relativement important.
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Chipukuma, Helen Mwiinga; Zulu, Joseph Mumba; Jacobs, Choolwe; Chongwe, Gershom; Chola, Mumbi; Halwiindi, Hikabasa; Zgambo, Jessy; Michelo, Charles
2018-05-08
Community health workers (CHWs) are an important human resource in improving coverage of and success to interventions aimed at reducing malaria incidence. Evidence suggests that the performance of CHWs in malaria programs varies in different contexts. However, comprehensive frameworks, based on systematic reviews, to guide the analysis of determinants of performance of CHWs in malaria prevention and control programs are lacking. We systematically searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed including reference lists that had English language publications. We included 16 full text articles that evaluated CHW performance in malaria control. Search terms were used and studies that had performance as an outcome of interest attributed to community-based interventions done by CHWs were included. Sixteen studies were included in the final review and were mostly on malaria Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment, as well as adherence to referral guidelines. Factors determining performance and effective implementation of CHW malaria programs included health system factors such as nature of training of CHWs; type of supervision including feedback process; availability of stocks, supplies, and job aids; nature of work environment and reporting systems; availability of financial resources and transport systems; types of remuneration; health staff confidence in CHWs; and workload. In addition, community dynamics such as nature of community connectedness and support from the community and utilization of services by the community also influenced performance. Furthermore, community health worker characteristics such marital status, sex, and CHW confidence levels also shaped CHW performance. Effectively analyzing and promoting the performance of CHWs in malaria prevention and control programs may require adopting a framework that considers health systems and community factors as well as community health worker characteristics.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eichenberger, P.; Scherrer, I.
2008-10-15
This technical report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on a project for the reactivation of a small hydropower installation originally built in 1915 in an old spinning mill in Aathal-Seegraeben, Switzerland. The report reviews the existing installations, including weir, headwater channel, machine house and tailwater channel as well as the existing electrical installations. The reactivation project is presented and the work involved is discussed. The economic viability of the project is looked at and contributions from the Swiss cost-covering remuneration scheme for power from renewable sources of energy are noted. Environmental aspects are reviewed and the preservation of the historical buildings is discussed. The report is completed with a selection of attachments concerning the project.
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Estudo da auditoria de contas em um hospital de ensino
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gabriela Favaro Faria Guerrer
2015-06-01
Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivos:verificar os itens componentes das contas hospitalares, conferidos por enfermeiros auditores, que mais recebem ajustes no momento da pré-análise; identificar o impacto dos ajustes no faturamento das contas analisadas por enfermeiros e médicos auditores e identificar as glosas relacionadas aos itens conferidos pela equipe de auditoria.Método:pesquisa quantitativa exploratória, descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único.Resultados:após a análise de 2.613 contas constatou-se que o item mais incluído por enfermeiros foram gases (90,5% e o mais excluído medicamentos de internação (41,2%. Materiais de hemodinâmica; gases e equipamentos foram os que mais impactaram nos ajustes positivos. Os ajustes negativos decorreram de lançamentos indevidos nas contas e não geraram prejuízos de faturamento. Do total de glosas 52,24% referiu-se à pré-análise dos enfermeiros e 47,76% a dos médicos.Conclusão:a presente investigação do processo de pré-análise fornece subsídios que contribuem para o avanço no conhecimento sobre a auditoria de contas hospitalares.
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Poder de mercado y transmisión asimétrica de precios en el mercado de hidrocarburo en Nicaragua
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Laureen Montes
2009-08-01
Full Text Available LA INVESTIGACIÓN DESCRIBE UNA CADENA DE COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS derivados del petróleo -específicamente de diesel y gasolinas- altamente concentrada en Nicaragua, donde una empresa concentra un gran porcentaje del mercado en la fase de distribución y ventas. La regresión de nuestro modelo identificó la presencia de asimetría tanto en magnitud como en velocidad para el diesel y la gasolina súper. En términos de la velocidad de ajuste de los precios, ambosproductos exhiben asimetrías, dado que los períodos de ajuste difieren entre alzas y bajas de los precios. La asimetría en la magnitud del ajuste describe una situación en la que, para ambos productos, los incrementos en los precios internacionales conllevan a un aumento más que proporcional de los precios domésticos, siendo más significativo este ajuste para el diesel. Por otro lado, lasreducciones en los precios internacionales se traducen en reducciones de la misma magnitud para el diesel, no así para la gasolina, cuyo precio desciende menos que proporcionalmente al descenso experimentado en el precio internacional de la misma.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael Arias Ramírez
2007-12-01
Full Text Available Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la reforma económica implementada en Costa Rica en los últimos veinticinco años como resultado de la aplicación de los programas y políticas de ajuste estructural. Para tal efecto se analiza el debate que acompañó el proceso de aprobación e implementación de los mencionados programas, el discurso de los mismos, su desempeño y algunos de sus principales efectos sociales. Esta reforma económica representó un cambio importante en el estilo de desarrollo y en las funciones del estado social vigentes desde la década de los 1950s. De ahí que resulte de gran interés analizar cuál fue el nuevo enfoque de desarrollo que se implementó a partir de la década de los años ochenta y los resultados del mismo en materia de crecimiento económico y equidad social. Esta publicación pretende servir de insumo para promover la tarea académica de repensar la política de desarrollo que la sociedad costarricense debe definir dentro del nuevo contexto de la globalización. Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the economic reform implemented in Costa Rica in the last twenty-five years as result of the application of the structural adjustment programs and policies. For such effect we analyze the debate that accompanied the process of approval and implementation of the mentioned programs, the speech of such, its performance and some of its main social effects. This economic reform represented an important change in the style of development and in the current functions of the social state from the decade of 1950s. Hence it results of big interest to analyze which was the new approach of development that was implemented from the decade of the eighties and the results of the same one on the subject of economic growth and social equity.This publication tries to serve as input to promote the academic task of rethinking the politics of development that the Costa Rican society must define
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Improving human resource capacity for road network preservation
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Nxumalo, M
2010-10-01
Full Text Available -prong strategy should be implemented; xrhombus To make engineering profession a career that is more attractive in terms of remuneration and other conditions of service. Engineering graduates are highly sought after by other economic sectors such as legal..., opportunity for advancement, encouragement and guidance where necessary. xrhombus To offer attractive remuneration and other conditions of service including conducive work place environment to be able to attract and retain suitable staff. xrhombus...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Anton Schlechter
2014-11-01
Full Text Available Orientation: In order to attract knowledge workers and maintain a competitive advantage,it is necessary for organisations to understand how knowledge workers are attracted todifferent types and levels of financial rewards. Research purpose: This research investigated a set of financial reward elements (remuneration, employee benefits and variable pay to determine whether knowledgeworkers perceived them as attractive inducements when considering a job or position. Motivation for the study: In South Africa there is a shortage of talent, largely due to highrates of emigration of scarce skills (human capital. Financial rewards or inducementsare necessary to attract talent and it is essential to assess which of these rewards are mostsuccessful in this regard. Method: A 23 full-factorial experimental design (field experiment was used. The threefinancial reward elements (remuneration, employee benefits and variable pay weremanipulated in a fictitious job advertisement (each at two levels. Eight (2 × 2 × 2 = 8 differentversions of a job advertisement were used as a stimulus to determine the effect of financialreward elements on perceived job attractiveness. A questionnaire was used to measure howparticipants perceived the attractiveness of the job. A convenience sampling approach wasused. Different organisations throughout South Africa, as well as corporate members of the South African Reward Association, were asked to participate in the study. Respondents (n = 169 were randomly assigned to the various experimental conditions (i.e. one of the eightadvertisements. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A full-factorial analysis ofvariance was used to investigate if significant main effects could be found. Main findings: Participants considered high levels of remuneration, the inclusion ofbenefits and variable pay to be significant job attraction factors within a reward package. Remuneration was found to have the largest main effect on job
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For information MANAGEMENT BOARD MEETING OF 26 APRIL 2001
2001-01-01
The Management Board's meeting on 26 April was essentially devoted to discussion of the Organization's medium-term plan, to be set out in the document 'Scientific Activities of CERN and Budget Estimates for the Years 2002-2005' and presented to the Council and its committees for approval in June, after submission of a preliminary draft to the Scientific Policy Committee (SPC) at its meeting on 7 May. The Director-General reviewed the main changes with respect to last year's plan and indicated that the document would take into account a number of significant developments over the past twelve months, which had enabled the Management to build up a much clearer picture of the Laboratory's medium-term future. These included the final closure of LEP, the completion of the Five-Yearly Remuneration Review, the elaboration of a LHC final machine and detector commissioning schedule, and, more recently, the completion of the LHC Computing Review. The conclusions and recommendations of the latter review would be presente...
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Variaciones seculares de período en las RR Lyrae de ω~Centauri
Marraco, H. G.; Milesi, G. E.
Utilizando 689 observaciones de 35 estrellas RR Lyrae del cúmulo globular ω Centauri hemos obtenido nuevas determinaciones de sus períodos y sus correspondientes variaciones seculares. Las observaciones fueron obtenidas de la literatura con la excepción de un grupo 66 determinaciones que se presentan por vez primera aquí. Utilizando el parámetro testigo σ descripto en Marraco & Muzzio (Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 92, 700, 1980), hemos realizado un ajuste bidimensional en P y β (donde β es la variación secular del período). Con este fin la totalidad de las 689 observaciones fueron llevadas a un sistema fotométrico común. Para esto se realizó un cuidadoso análisis de los numerosos errores en la identificación de las estrellas de las series de comparación. Los resultados de los ajustes bidimensionales fueron analizados utilizando técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes. Con este fin el parámetro de ajuste σ fue representado como función de P y β. En las imágenes resultantes se buscaron los mínimos y al menor de ellos se lo aceptó como período instantáneo verdadero y su variación secular β. La determinación precisa de cada parámetro se realizó mediante ajuste de gaussianas y se determinaron sus errores. A modo de ejemplo la variable #8 fue analizada en una matriz de 501 × 501 elementos representando el parámetro σ para valores comprendidos entre 0,521034 son P = 0,5212859±0,0000001 días y β 14,012±,010×10-10 días/día respectivamente. Con estos valores el parámetro testigo resulta σ= 0,127 . Si no se tiene en cuenta la variación secular del período y se busca aquél de mejor ajuste para β = 0, se obtiene P = 0,5212960 días, pero entonces el parámetro de ajuste resulta tan alto como σ = 0,23 .
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Role of employee benefits in the motivation of employees at H1.cz
Hrubá, Markéta
2012-01-01
This bachelor thesis is focusing on an employee benefits system and its functionality. Theoretical part of the thesis specifies the human resources field as a whole, and its particular aspects, considering mainly the employee remuneration and employee benefits system. It also expands on the relationship between motivation, employee benefits and employee remuneration. The established knowledge are used in a practical part of the thesis, which has been carried out in H1 s.r.o. The company is fi...
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Part salariale dans le PIB en France. Les effets de la salarisation croissante
Nicolas Canry
2007-01-01
French wage share in value-added has experienced important fluctuations for three decades. Nevertheless, recent studies have underlined that the usual indicator of wage share, by estimating labour remuneration of self-employed workers very badly, overestimates the French wage share decrease after 1990. By using a disaggregated method (at a sectoral level) to asses labour remuneration of self-employed, these studies conclude that French wage share did not drop as much as usual method could sug...
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Efektivní systém odměňování ve veřejné správě
Picka, Jakub
2008-01-01
Expenditures on the salaries of public sector employees constitute a very important component of public expenditures, currently around CZK 200 billion annually in the Czech Republic. Adjusting the remuneration of employees in public administration (sector) is therefore an important option for increasing the efficiency of use of public funds. The assessment of the current system of public sector employee remuneration and a proposal for some specific changes to be made to it is the focus of thi...
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Motivation, workout and performance - a model for amatorial sports
Mattera, Raffaele
2017-01-01
The previous literature has not devoted enough space to “motivation for training” issues, especially for amateur sports. Generally, is possible imagine some factors which influence motivation for training in professional sports like an high remuneration, fame, etc. However is more difficult find these motivation factors it in the amatorial context, because an amatorial player already has not a substantial remuneration, has a job beyond sports, etc. The main result of this paper is that a larg...
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Burešová, Lenka
2013-01-01
The target of this bachelor thesis is to analyze employee benefits from the perspective of employees and to employers suggest possible ideas to improve their provision. The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the overal remuneration of employees, payroll system and employee benefits. Benefits are included in the remuneration system, broken and some of them are defined. The practical part presents a survey among employees in the Czech Repub...
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Corporate governance and compensation of chief executive officer Brazilian
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Paulo Roberto da Cunha
2016-08-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to analyze the corporate governance attributes that affect the compensation of executive directors of Brazilian public companies. We conducted a descriptive, documentary and quantitative research. The study sample comprised the 100 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, belonging to the Novo Mercado. From the study results it was found that the variable size of the company showed a significant relation to the fixed remuneration. The shareholding of directors, board size and ROA were significant to the variable remuneration, however, the stake and the size of negatively board of directors. The size of the board, the ROA and firm size were related significantly to the total remuneration. We conclude that the corporate governance attributes that affect the compensation of executive officers of the companies analyzed were the shareholdings of directors, size of the board, ROA and firm size.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mark H.R. Bussin
2017-10-01
Full Text Available Background: Optimal contracting continues to dominate boardroom and dinner discussions worldwide in light of the 2008 global financial crisis and especially in South Africa, due to the growing income gap. Increased scrutiny is being placed on South African state-owned entities (SOEs, as a result of the seemingly poor performance of SOEs. Some of the SOEs are reported to have received financial bailouts from taxpayers’ money, while executives are raking in millions of rands in remuneration, provoking some concerns on the alignment of executive pay to company performance in SOEs. Aim: The study will assist remuneration committees and policymakers in the structuring of executive pay in SOEs to ensure alignment to company performance. Setting: The study sought to assess, based on empirical evidence, if there is a positive relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO and Chief Financial Officer (CFO remuneration and company performance in South African SOEs in the period between 2010 and 2014. All 21 Schedule 2 SOEs were included in the study. Methods: The research was a quantitative archival research methodology. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were the main statistical techniques used in this study. Results: Contrary to popular media, a positive relationship between CEO and CFO remuneration (fixed pay and short-term incentives and company performance in SOEs was observed. Company size appears to be the key determiner of fixed pay in SOEs. The positive relationship was mainly noted on absolute profitability measurements like EBITDA (earnings before interest and tax and depreciation and amortisation and net profit. Conclusion: SOE remuneration committees and policymakers should maintain the positive relationship; however, more emphasis should be placed on financial efficiency measurements so as to enhance efficiencies in SOEs.
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Profundidad del surco gingival en dientes primarios restaurados con coronas de acero cromo
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Rubén Muñoz Delgado
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el ajuste marginal y la profundidad del surco gingival en dientes primarios restaurados con coronas de acero cromo. Métodos: Se midió la profundidad del surco gingival de 114 dientes primarios restaurados con coronas de acero cromo en 67 niños, ambos sexos, de 3 a 6 años de edad de la clínica de Estomatología Pediátrica de la UATx, México. La población en estudio fue dividida en tres grupos: a experimental (n=30, b control (n=8, y c control negativo (n=29. Previo consentimiento informado se tomaron los índices de placa (LöeSilness 1967 e índice gingival en seis superficies; se midió el surco gingival con sonda periodontal y las coronas de acero cromo fueron evaluadas clínica y radiográficamente según su ajuste marginal y longitud cervical. Resultados: Los índices de placa y gingival no mostraron diferencias significativas para los grupos experimental y control negativo. El 34% de las coronas mostraron buen ajuste marginal, 33% un mal ajuste, 10.5% cortas, 7.9% largas y el 14% otro tipo de mal ajuste. La profundidad del surco gingival fue estadísticamente significativa para el primer y segundo molar inferior derechos y en los caninos inferiores (p >0.05; la superficie disto-vestibular presentó la mayor profundidad del surco gingival (2.34 mm, siendo estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05. Conclusiones: La profundidad del surco gingival fue mayor en los dientes rehabilitados con coronas de acero cromo mal ajustadas y sobre contorneadas (largas. La presencia de placa bacteriana y gingivitis estuvo relacionada con las coronas de acero cromo mal ajustadas.
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Intervención educativa escolar para prevenir el tabaquismo: evaluación del proceso
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Leijs Ingrid
1998-01-01
Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Los datos publicados sobre eficacia de programas escolares para la prevención del tabaquismo son inconsistentes. No está suficientemente estudiado el proveedor de tales programas como variable de confusión. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el proceso de una intervención educativa intraescolar. MÉTODO: Líderes estudiantiles y profesores, entrenados y con guías, desarrollaron un programa de base social. Se encuestó aleatoriamente a 2 alumnos por cada aula, mediante cuestionario validado y pilotado: 318 niños. Se utilizó el Indice Kappa para medir la fiabilidad, y el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase, el de Pearson y el análisis de las diferencias individuales para comparar los datos de ajuste al programa, proporcionados por alumnos y profesores. RESULTADOS: La media de ajuste por aula fue 30,07 puntos (48 =100% de ajuste. El 26% de los niños no pudo citar una alternativa a las ventajas de fumar, 71,7% desconocía la frecuencia de consumo en adultos y 19,5% no pudo evocar ningún truco propio de la publicidad del tabaco. Menos de la mitad realizó un sociodrama sobre el tema, como era preceptivo. El CCI fue 0,21, Pearson 0,25 (p = 0,02 y el intervalo de concordancia entre las calificaciones de profesores y alumnos fue de 6,93 puntos (-1,70 a 5,23. CONCLUSIONES: El ajuste de la implementación al modelo de programa propuesto fue insuficiente. Encontramos escasa correspondencia entre la autocalificación del profesorado y la puntuación alcanzada por los alumnos en el ajuste al programa. La evaluación del proceso es esencial para interpretar correctamente la evaluación del impacto.
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Cost analysis for the implementation of a medication review with follow-up service in Spain.
Noain, Aranzazu; Garcia-Cardenas, Victoria; Gastelurrutia, Miguel Angel; Malet-Larrea, Amaia; Martinez-Martinez, Fernando; Sabater-Hernandez, Daniel; Benrimoj, Shalom I
2017-08-01
Background Medication review with follow-up (MRF) is a professional pharmacy service proven to be cost-effective. Its broader implementation is limited, mainly due to the lack of evidence-based implementation programs that include economic and financial analysis. Objective To analyse the costs and estimate the price of providing and implementing MRF. Setting Community pharmacy in Spain. Method Elderly patients using poly-pharmacy received a community pharmacist-led MRF for 6 months. The cost analysis was based on the time-driven activity based costing model and included the provider costs, initial investment costs and maintenance expenses. The service price was estimated using the labour costs, costs associated with service provision, potential number of patients receiving the service and mark-up. Main outcome measures Costs and potential price of MRF. Results A mean time of 404.4 (SD 232.2) was spent on service provision and was extrapolated to annual costs. Service provider cost per patient ranged from €196 (SD 90.5) to €310 (SD 164.4). The mean initial investment per pharmacy was €4594 and the mean annual maintenance costs €3,068. Largest items contributing to cost were initial staff training, continuing education and renting of the patient counselling area. The potential service price ranged from €237 to €628 per patient a year. Conclusion Time spent by the service provider accounted for 75-95% of the final cost, followed by initial investment costs and maintenance costs. Remuneration for professional pharmacy services provision must cover service costs and appropriate profit, allowing for their long-term sustainability.
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Executive Remuneration and the Payout Decision
Geiler, P.H.M.; Renneboog, L.D.R.
2014-01-01
We analyze the payout channel choice of listed UK firms and examine whether the choice between dividends, share repurchases, a combination of payout channels, or complete earnings retention is affected by investor sentiment, taxation, major shareholder ownership, and in particular the CEO’s
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Chou, Louisa; Cicuttini, Flavia M; Urquhart, Donna M; Anthony, Shane N; Sullivan, Kaye; Seneviwickrama, Maheeka; Briggs, Andrew M; Wluka, Anita E
2018-04-01
What needs of non-biomedical services are perceived by people with low back pain? Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies examining perceived needs of non-biomedical services for low back pain, identified through searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO (1990 to 2016). Adults with low back pain of any duration. Descriptive data regarding study design and methodology were extracted. The preferences, expectations and satisfaction with non-biomedical services reported by people with low back pain were identified and categorised within areas of perceived need. Twenty studies (19 qualitative and one quantitative) involving 522 unique participants (total pool of 590) were included in this systematic review. Four areas emerged. Workplace: people with low back pain experience pressure to return to work despite difficulties with the demands of their occupation. They want their employers to be informed about low back pain and they desire workplace accommodations. Financial: people with low back pain want financial support, but have concerns about the inefficiencies of compensation systems and the stigma associated with financial remuneration. Social: people with low back pain report feeling disconnected from social networks and want back-specific social support. Household: people with low back pain report difficulties with household duties; however, there are few data regarding their need for auxiliary devices and domestic help. People with low back pain identified work place, financial and social pressures, and difficulties with household duties as areas of need beyond their healthcare requirements that affect their ability to comply with management of their condition. Consideration of such needs may inform physiotherapists, the wider health system, social networks and the workplace to provide more relevant and effective services. [Chou L, Cicuttini FM, Urquhart DM, Anthony SN, Sullivan K, Seneviwickrama M, Briggs AM, Wluka AE (2018) People with
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CLOUD COMPUTING: A REVIEW OF PAAS, IAAS, SAAS SERVICES AND PROVIDERS
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MARíA SALA ZÁRATE
2012-06-01
Full Text Available La computación en la nube se ha convertido en uno de los factores relevantes para las empresas, desarrolladores y trabajadores, porque proporciona herramientas y aplicaciones web que permite almacenarinformación en servidores externos. Además, la computación en la nube ofrece ventajas tales como: reducción de costos, acceso a la información desde cualquier lugar, por mencionar sólo algunos. Hoy en día hay varios proveedores de computación en la nube como: Google Apps, Zoho, AppEngine, E2C Amazon, entre otros. Estos proveedores ofrecen software,infraestructura o plataforma como un servicio. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión general de los proveedores de computación en la nube, con el fin de permitir a los usuarios, empresas y desarrolladores seleccionar el que se ajuste a sus necesidades..
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Estudo da auditoria de contas em um hospital de ensino
Guerrer, Gabriela Favaro Faria; Lima, Antônio Fernandes Costa; Castilho, Valéria
2015-01-01
RESUMOObjetivos:verificar os itens componentes das contas hospitalares, conferidos por enfermeiros auditores, que mais recebem ajustes no momento da pré-análise; identificar o impacto dos ajustes no faturamento das contas analisadas por enfermeiros e médicos auditores e identificar as glosas relacionadas aos itens conferidos pela equipe de auditoria.Método:pesquisa quantitativa exploratória, descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único.Resultados:após a análise de 2.613 contas constatou-se que o ...
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Mínimos cuadrados generalizados para funciones vectoriales en la Geofísica Espacial
Jorge Lemagne Pérez; Alexander Calzadilla Méndez
2012-01-01
Se expone una aplicación del ajuste de datos mediante mínimos cuadrados generalizados para funciones vectoriales, a la modelación de los parámetros de la Geofísica Espacial f0F2 y Dst, con el objetivo de pronosticar los mismos. Se emplean un modelo con retardo y dos algoritmos que fueron creados, uno para el ajuste y el otro para estimar la matriz de covarianzas, ambos implementados en MATLAB Versión 7.3.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Louisa Chou
2018-04-01
Full Text Available Question: What needs of non-biomedical services are perceived by people with low back pain? Design: Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies examining perceived needs of non-biomedical services for low back pain, identified through searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO (1990 to 2016. Participants: Adults with low back pain of any duration. Data extraction and analysis: Descriptive data regarding study design and methodology were extracted. The preferences, expectations and satisfaction with non-biomedical services reported by people with low back pain were identified and categorised within areas of perceived need. Results: Twenty studies (19 qualitative and one quantitative involving 522 unique participants (total pool of 590 were included in this systematic review. Four areas emerged. Workplace: people with low back pain experience pressure to return to work despite difficulties with the demands of their occupation. They want their employers to be informed about low back pain and they desire workplace accommodations. Financial: people with low back pain want financial support, but have concerns about the inefficiencies of compensation systems and the stigma associated with financial remuneration. Social: people with low back pain report feeling disconnected from social networks and want back-specific social support. Household: people with low back pain report difficulties with household duties; however, there are few data regarding their need for auxiliary devices and domestic help. Conclusion: People with low back pain identified work place, financial and social pressures, and difficulties with household duties as areas of need beyond their healthcare requirements that affect their ability to comply with management of their condition. Consideration of such needs may inform physiotherapists, the wider health system, social networks and the workplace to provide more relevant and effective services. [Chou L, Cicuttini
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Calila Teixeira Santos
2010-11-01
Full Text Available No presente trabalho, objetivou-se obter curvas de secagem de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L. em secador de bandejas. A partir dessas curvas foram obtidos dados de taxa de secagem e de difusividade, além do ajuste de modelos semiteóricos aos dados experimentais. As curvas de secagem foram obtidas, utilizando-se um secador de bandejas nas temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70°C e com fluxo de ar de 1,5 m s-1. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados os modelos de Page, Henderson e Pabis e Exponencial, utilizando-se regressão não-linear. Todos os ajustes tiveram coeficiente de determinação (R2 superior a 0,96, mas o modelo de Page foi o que apresentou melhor ajuste. Observou-se que a difusividade efetiva, calculada a partir da lei de Fick, aumentou com a elevação da temperatura.
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Um modelo alternativo para a quantificação de multiprodutos em árvores individuais
Soares,Thelma Shirlen; Leite,Helio Garcia; Vale,Antônio Bartolomeu do
2004-01-01
Neste estudo foram conduzidos testes preliminares com o objetivo de avaliar um modelo de taper, proposto a partir da adaptação dos modelos desenvolvidos por Ormerod (1973) e Turnbull (1979), caracterizados pela sua simplicidade e facilidade de ajuste. Em comparação com modelos já consagrados, observou-se que o modelo alternativo apresentou consistência nos ajustes realizados. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o modelo apresentado é recomendável para a quantificação de multiprodutos de árvores in...
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Mínimos cuadrados generalizados para funciones vectoriales en la Geofísica Espacial
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Jorge Lemagne Pérez
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Se expone una aplicación del ajuste de datos mediante mínimos cuadrados generalizados para funciones vectoriales, a la modelación de los parámetros de la Geofísica Espacial f0F2 y Dst, con el objetivo de pronosticar los mismos. Se emplean un modelo con retardo y dos algoritmos que fueron creados, uno para el ajuste y el otro para estimar la matriz de covarianzas, ambos implementados en MATLAB Versión 7.3.
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Audit of Clinical Coding of Major Head and Neck Operations
Mitra, Indu; Malik, Tass; Homer, Jarrod J; Loughran, Sean
2009-01-01
INTRODUCTION Within the NHS, operations are coded using the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) classification system. These codes, together with diagnostic codes, are used to generate Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) codes, which correlate to a payment bracket. The aim of this study was to determine whether allocated procedure codes for major head and neck operations were correct and reflective of the work undertaken. HRG codes generated were assessed to determine accuracy of remuneration. PATIENTS AND METHODS The coding of consecutive major head and neck operations undertaken in a tertiary referral centre over a retrospective 3-month period were assessed. Procedure codes were initially ascribed by professional hospital coders. Operations were then recoded by the surgical trainee in liaison with the head of clinical coding. The initial and revised procedure codes were compared and used to generate HRG codes, to determine whether the payment banding had altered. RESULTS A total of 34 cases were reviewed. The number of procedure codes generated initially by the clinical coders was 99, whereas the revised codes generated 146. Of the original codes, 47 of 99 (47.4%) were incorrect. In 19 of the 34 cases reviewed (55.9%), the HRG code remained unchanged, thus resulting in the correct payment. Six cases were never coded, equating to £15,300 loss of payment. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the inadequacy of this system to reward hospitals for the work carried out within the NHS in a fair and consistent manner. The current coding system was found to be complicated, ambiguous and inaccurate, resulting in loss of remuneration. PMID:19220944
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Typhoid fever: case report and literature review
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Natalia Carolina Sanhueza Palma
2016-06-01
Full Text Available La fiebre tifoidea continúa siendo un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial, en contraste con Chile donde esta patología es un hallazgo aislado. Las formas clínicas son variadas, se presenta principalmente con fiebre, compromiso del estado general, manifestaciones abdominales y síntomas inespecíficos, confundiéndose con otras causas de síndrome febril. Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de seis años con fiebre de dos semanas de evolución, asociado a síntomas digestivos, compromiso del estado general, hepatomegalia y aumento de enzimas hepáticas. Para el diagnóstico diferencial, se solicitaron: una reacción de Widal y dos hemocultivos. Ambos con resultados positivos, confirmando el diagnóstico de fiebre tifoidea por Salmonella typhi. Previo a esto el paciente fue tratado empíricamente con ceftriaxona y metronidazol, con respuesta parcial; luego se ajustó el manejo, según antibiograma, a ciprofloxacino y la evolución fue satisfactoria. Se discuten métodos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de fiebre entérica con especial énfasis en fiebre tifoidea.
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Corporate governance, ownership and control: A review of recent scholarly research
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Alex Kostyuk
2018-01-01
Full Text Available This manuscript is aimed at highlighting the most recent trends in corporate governance, ownership and control based on the manuscripts presented at the international conference “Corporate Governance, Ownership and Control” that took place in Rome on February 27, 2018. We have also used reputable papers published in the relevant academic journals in the past to support the arguments stated by the authors of the papers, presented at the conference. This paper covers a wide range of corporate governance topics in corporate ownership and control toward corporate governance mechanisms, such as board of directors, the board diversity, directors’ remuneration, firm performance, auditing and accounting, etc. We saw a growing interest of researchers to widen the scope of their major research to link it to corporate ownership and control issues. Currently, corporate governance research follows two major routs: classical empirical corporate governance research and multidisciplinary research aimed at findings non-conventional methods to solution of existing problems.
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Drivers of Labor-Related Indicators across Diverse Mediterranean Fisheries
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Jennifer Gee
2017-11-01
Full Text Available This regional case study is focused on employment, remuneration and labor productivity, with a particular emphasis on the interplay between labor productivity and other labor-related indicators and macroeconomic conditions in Italy, Egypt, Lebanon and Greece. Its value lies in the high degree of consistency and comparability of the data, owing to a shared data collection methodology. This has allowed for the compilation of both national and regional comparisons. The data is treated in two groups—the first group consists of national data that considers all the active vessels in a country; the second group focuses on the trawl segments of Italy and Egypt. These two countries present an interesting case study because they are so different in terms of labor productivity and remuneration performance. For instance, in Italy labor shortages have caused a shift in fishing strategies towards less labor-intensive operations to maintain the socioeconomic sustainability of the fisheries, while in Egypt macroeconomic conditions have resulted in a larger labor pool and strong incentives to work in the fisheries sector. The regional study demonstrates that labor-related indicators are interconnected and there is an inversely proportional relationship between labor productivity and remuneration and employment levels. This relationship necessitates a combined analysis. The results across and between the countries were compared, with particular attention given to labor productivity and remuneration in the respective countries with a discussion centred around the potential drivers of labor productivity.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Flávia Biroli
2010-06-01
Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma análise da cobertura jornalística ao Programa Bolsa Família durante as eleições presidenciais de 2006. A pesquisa abrange um total de 166 textos que mencionaram o Programa, publicados pelos jornais O Globo, O Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo e Valor Econômico entre os dias 1º de setembro e 31 de outubro de 2006. Discutimos a dinâmica de produção da agenda eleitoral, observando as disputas, ajustes e acomodações que constituem a cobertura. A análise conjunta das vozes e dos enquadramentos presentes no material permite observar aspectos relevantes das interações entre os campos da mídia e da política no contexto em que a cobertura foi realizada. As conclusões ressaltam a baixa pluralidade do noticiário, associada a representações das eleições de 2006 e da democracia brasileira que têm como aspectos centrais a estigmatização dos eleitores de baixa renda e dos beneficiários de programas sociais.Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the news about an important social program maintained by the federal government, Programa Bolsa Família, in the period of brazilian major elections of 2006. The study is based in 166 texts published in the newspapers O Globo, O Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo e Valor Econômico between September 1st and October 31st. We discuss the production of electoral agenda, observing disputes, adjustments and acommodations that constitute news coverage. The analysis of voices and framings in the texts leads to the observation of relevant aspects of the relations between media and politics at that moment. Conclusions underline the low plurality in press coverage, connected to representations of the elections of 2006 and Brazilian democracy that include stigmatization of low income voters and beneficiaries of social programs.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
2009-01-01
The role of economical support instruments in the successful and efficient propagation of renewable forms of energy was the issue addressed by the 2009 conference of the Swiss Association for Energy Economics. Topics covered include production conditions, resource annuities and remuneration for the feeding-in of power generated from renewable forms of energy, a review of instruments for the encouragement of the use of renewable forms of energy from the economics point of view and the appraisal of support instruments from the economic policy point of view. Contributions presented in the second session include a review of global and national potentials for the use of renewable forms of energy, a review of instruments and their effect on the market from the point of view of an energy utility active at national and European levels, and, finally, the question if economic instruments are needed to support investments in renewable forms of energy is posed. A podium session concluded the conference
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Annual conference SAEE 2009; SAEE Jahrestagung 2009
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2009-07-01
The role of economical support instruments in the successful and efficient propagation of renewable forms of energy was the issue addressed by the 2009 conference of the Swiss Association for Energy Economics. Topics covered include production conditions, resource annuities and remuneration for the feeding-in of power generated from renewable forms of energy, a review of instruments for the encouragement of the use of renewable forms of energy from the economics point of view and the appraisal of support instruments from the economic policy point of view. Contributions presented in the second session include a review of global and national potentials for the use of renewable forms of energy, a review of instruments and their effect on the market from the point of view of an energy utility active at national and European levels, and, finally, the question if economic instruments are needed to support investments in renewable forms of energy is posed. A podium session concluded the conference
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Scherrer, I.; Gadient, N.
2009-12-15
This illustrated report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with various aspects of a small hydro project in Peist, Switzerland. The report presents a project concerning the replacement of the existing Farbtobel small hydro installation. The catchment area involved, its hydrology, high-water considerations and river ecology are examined. The power station concept, installed power and annual production figures are discussed. Investments, operating costs and financial viability are also looked at. Remuneration for the power produced through the Swiss cost-covering remuneration scheme is discussed.
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Inflación y su impacto en la lectura y análisis de estados financieros en la toma de decisiones
Calderón, Karina Andrea
2015-01-01
I. INTRODUCCIÓN - II. METODOLOGÍA - 1) Estudio exploratorio bibliográfico sobre inflación y su impacto en los Estados Financieros y en la toma de decisiones - 2) Estudio exploratorio sobre la normativa contable vigente a nivel nacional e internacional referida al ajuste por pérdida del poder adquisitivo - 3) Identificación de los efectos de la inflación sobre la gestión empresarial - 4) Análisis de índices que permitan establecer la importancia de la implementación del ajuste por inflación. ...
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Cinética del secado de tomillo
Rocha,Ronicely P. da; Melo,Evandro de C.; Corbín,José B.; Berbert,Pedro A.; Donzeles,Sérgio M. L.; Tabar,Jon A.
2012-01-01
Los objetivos del trabajo fueran estudiar la cinética del secado de tomillo con posterior ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales y determinar los valores de la difusividad efectiva y energía de activación. Para el desarrollo del experimento de secado fueran utilizadas las temperaturas 30, 40, 50, 60 y 70 oC. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones. Para el ajuste de los modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales...
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Modelos matemáticos para o aprimoramento do desempenho térmico de condensadores evaporativos
Alex Trigo Nakalski
2007-01-01
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor melhorias no desempenho térmico de condensadores evaporativos a partir do estudo de dois modelos desenvolvidos para representar a transferência de calor e a efetividade deste tipo de equipamento, chamados de Ajuste Global e Psicrométrico. São elaborados dois aplicativos computacionais para a simulação dos modelos. Dados experimentais obtidos em uma bancada de testes são usados para o ajuste dos modelos. São apresentados gráficos comparativos do erro re...
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Satellite combined heat and power plants and their legal autonomy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Loibl, Helmut
2014-01-01
Since the landmark decision by the German Court of Justice concerning the term ''plant'' in the context of biogas plants it should be clear beyond doubt that satellite combined heat and power plants (CHPs) are legally autonomous plants pursuant to Para. 3 No. 1 of the Renewable Energy Law (EEG). What has yet to be finally resolved are the conditions under which satellite CHPs are to be regarded as autonomous. This will be a question of distance on the one hand and of operation autonomy on the other. In the individual case both these factors will have to be assessed from the perspective of an average objective, informed citizen. To the extent that its heat and electricity are being utilised in a meaningful manner, the plant's autonomy will be beyond doubt, at least in operational terms. Regarding the remuneration to be paid for satellite CHPs the only case requiring special consideration is when a CHP falls under the EEG of 2012. In this case Para. 1 Section 1 Sentence 2 EEG provides that the remuneration for the CHP in question is to be calculated as if there was a single overall plant. To the extent that none of the CHPs fall under the EEG of 2012, the ruling remains that there is a separate entitlement to remuneration for each satellite CHP. This also holds in cases where satellite CHPs that were commissioned after 1 January 2012 are relocated. When a satellite CHP is replaced by a new one, the rate and duration of remuneration remain unchanged. However, when a new satellite CHP is added to an existing satellite CHP via a gas collector line it is to be treated according to the decisions of the Federal Court of Justice concerning biogas plant extensions: It falls under the law that applies to the existing CHP and has an entitlement to a new minimum remuneration period, albeit subject to the degression rate provided by the EEG version in question.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Loibl, Helmut [Kanzlei Paluka Sobola Loibl und Partner, Regensburg (Germany). Abt. Erneuerbare Energien
2014-04-15
Since the landmark decision by the German Court of Justice concerning the term ''plant'' in the context of biogas plants it should be clear beyond doubt that satellite combined heat and power plants (CHPs) are legally autonomous plants pursuant to Para. 3 No. 1 of the Renewable Energy Law (EEG). What has yet to be finally resolved are the conditions under which satellite CHPs are to be regarded as autonomous. This will be a question of distance on the one hand and of operation autonomy on the other. In the individual case both these factors will have to be assessed from the perspective of an average objective, informed citizen. To the extent that its heat and electricity are being utilised in a meaningful manner, the plant's autonomy will be beyond doubt, at least in operational terms. Regarding the remuneration to be paid for satellite CHPs the only case requiring special consideration is when a CHP falls under the EEG of 2012. In this case Para. 1 Section 1 Sentence 2 EEG provides that the remuneration for the CHP in question is to be calculated as if there was a single overall plant. To the extent that none of the CHPs fall under the EEG of 2012, the ruling remains that there is a separate entitlement to remuneration for each satellite CHP. This also holds in cases where satellite CHPs that were commissioned after 1 January 2012 are relocated. When a satellite CHP is replaced by a new one, the rate and duration of remuneration remain unchanged. However, when a new satellite CHP is added to an existing satellite CHP via a gas collector line it is to be treated according to the decisions of the Federal Court of Justice concerning biogas plant extensions: It falls under the law that applies to the existing CHP and has an entitlement to a new minimum remuneration period, albeit subject to the degression rate provided by the EEG version in question.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Raúl Machado Fernández
2017-01-01
Full Text Available La presencia de la señal interferente de clutter marino establece limitaciones en la calidad de la detección de radar en ambientes costeros y de alta mar. El procesador CA-CFAR es la solución clásica para detectar blancos de radar. Usualmente mantiene su factor de ajuste constante todo el período de operación. Como consecuencia, el esquema no toma en consideración las variaciones estadísticas de la señal de fondo cuando realiza la discriminación del clutter . Para resolver este problema, los autores realizaron un procesamiento intensivo de 40 millones de muestras de clutter de intensidad, generadas en computadora a través de MATLAB. Como resultado, encontraron los valores óptimos del factor de ajuste a ser aplicados para 40 posibles estados estadísticos del clutter , sugiriendo el uso de la arquitectura CA-CFAR con un factor de ajuste variable. Adicionalmente, fue llevado a cabo un ajuste de curvas, obteniéndose expresiones matemáticas que generalizan los resultados en todo el intervalo de considerado de estados estadísticos del clutter . Los experimentos se ejecutaron con un CA-CFAR de 64 celdas y apuntaron a encontrar los valores del factor de ajuste para tres probabilidades de falsa alarma comunes. La distribución K fue elegida como el modelo usado para el clutter , gracias a su amplia popularidad. Este artículo facilita el manejo de la distribución K de intensidad, evitando el uso de funciones Gamma y Bessel, comúnmente encontradas en desarrollos relacionados con el modelo K. Además, fueron cumplidos los requerimientos necesarios para construir un detector adaptativo en clutter de potencia K con conocimiento previo del parámetro de forma. Al mismo tiempo, fueron dadas varias recomendaciones para continuar el desarrollo de una solución más general que también incluirá la estimación del parámetro de forma.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shamier Ebrahim
2014-04-01
Full Text Available The interpretation to be accorded to the term benefits in section 186(2(a of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (the "LRA" has come before the Courts on several occasions. In terms of section 186(2(a of the LRA any unfair act or omission by an employer relating to the provision of benefits to an employee falls within the ambit of an unfair labour practice. In Schoeman v Samsung Electronics SA (Pty Ltd the Labour Court (the "LC" held that the term benefit could not be interpreted to include remuneration. It stated that a benefit is something extra from remuneration. In Gaylard v Telkom South Africa Ltd the LC endorsed the decision in Samsung and held that if benefits were to be interpreted to include remuneration then this would curtail strike action with regard to issues of remuneration. In Hospersa v Northern Cape Provincial Administration the issue regarding the interpretation of the term benefits did not relate to whether or not it included remuneration but rather to whether it included a hope to create new benefits which were non-existent. The Labour Appeal Court (the "LAC" held that the term benefits refers only to benefits which exist ex contractu or ex lege but does not include a hope to create new benefits. The LAC adopted this approach in order to maintain the separation between a dispute of interest and one of mutual interest, the latter being subject to arbitration whilst the former is subject to the collective bargaining process (strike action. In Protekon (Pty Ltd v CCMA the LC disagreed with the reasoning in Samsung and held that the term remuneration as defined in section 213 of the LRA is wide enough to include payment to employees, which may be described as benefits. The LC remarked that the statement in Samsung to the effect that a benefit is something extra from remuneration goes too far. It further remarked that the concern that the right to strike would be curtailed if remuneration were to fall within the ambit of benefits
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior
1994-01-01
Full Text Available Modificações no procedimento eletroforético foram introduzidas para uma satisfatória obtenção de fenótipos isoenzimáticos de moranga (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. Extratos de folhas definitivas de oito acessos de moranga foram submetidos à análise eletroforética para revelação dos seguintes sistemas: esterase (EST; fosfatase ácida (ACP; transaminase do glutamato oxaloacetato (GOT, desidrogenase do malato (MDH e peroxidase (PO. Os resultados apontaram a ineficiência do tampão extrator utilizado e satisfatória qualidade do gel de amido de milho nas resoluções dos sistemas EST, ACP, GOT e MDH. Para o sistema PO, adequado efeito de peneiramento molecular só foi possível com a utilização do amido hidrolisado de batata (Sigma. Ajustes no tempo de cozimento do gel, manuseio da corrente elétrica, preparo de soluções corantes e tempo de revelação indicaram os melhores protocolos ao pro-cedimento eletroforético.Changes in the electrophoresis procedures were introduced to obtain a better isozymatic phenotypes of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. Extracts of eight access of pumpkin's leaves were subjected to electrophoresis analysis in order to reveal the following systems: esterase (EST, acid phosphatase (ACP, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT, malato dehydrogenase (MDH and peroxidase (PO. The results pointed out the inefficiency of the extractor buffer used, and the satisfactory quality of maize starch gel electrophoresis in the resolution of EST, ACP, GOT and MDH systems. For PO system a better effect of "molecular sieving" was only possible when potato starch gel (Sigma was used. Adjusting the starch cooking time, handling the electric current, preparing the staining solutions and revealing time indicated the best protocol to the electrophoresis process.
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Role and outcomes of community health workers in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Mwai, Grace W; Mburu, Gitau; Torpey, Kwasi; Frost, Peter; Ford, Nathan; Seeley, Janet
2013-01-01
Introduction The provision of HIV treatment and care in sub-Saharan Africa faces multiple challenges, including weak health systems and attrition of trained health workers. One potential response to overcome these challenges has been to engage community health workers (CHWs). Methodology A systematic literature search for quantitative and qualitative studies describing the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care between inception and December 2012 in sub-Saharan Africa was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, JSTOR, WHOLIS, Google Scholar and SAGE journals online. Bibliographies of included articles were also searched. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze common emerging themes on the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa. Results In total, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, documenting a range of tasks performed by CHWs. These included patient support (counselling, home-based care, education, adherence support and livelihood support) and health service support (screening, referral and health service organization and surveillance). CHWs were reported to enhance the reach, uptake and quality of HIV services, as well as the dignity, quality of life and retention in care of people living with HIV. The presence of CHWs in clinics was reported to reduce waiting times, streamline patient flow and reduce the workload of health workers. Clinical outcomes appeared not to be compromised, with no differences in virologic failure and mortality comparing patients under community-based and those under facility-based care. Despite these benefits, CHWs faced challenges related to lack of recognition, remuneration and involvement in decision making. Conclusions CHWs can clearly contribute to HIV services delivery and strengthen human resource capacity in sub-Saharan Africa. For their contribution to be sustained, CHWs need to be recognized, remunerated and integrated in wider health systems. Further
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Mwai, Grace W; Mburu, Gitau; Torpey, Kwasi; Frost, Peter; Ford, Nathan; Seeley, Janet
2013-09-10
The provision of HIV treatment and care in sub-Saharan Africa faces multiple challenges, including weak health systems and attrition of trained health workers. One potential response to overcome these challenges has been to engage community health workers (CHWs). A systematic literature search for quantitative and qualitative studies describing the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care between inception and December 2012 in sub-Saharan Africa was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, JSTOR, WHOLIS, Google Scholar and SAGE journals online. Bibliographies of included articles were also searched. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze common emerging themes on the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa. In total, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, documenting a range of tasks performed by CHWs. These included patient support (counselling, home-based care, education, adherence support and livelihood support) and health service support (screening, referral and health service organization and surveillance). CHWs were reported to enhance the reach, uptake and quality of HIV services, as well as the dignity, quality of life and retention in care of people living with HIV. The presence of CHWs in clinics was reported to reduce waiting times, streamline patient flow and reduce the workload of health workers. Clinical outcomes appeared not to be compromised, with no differences in virologic failure and mortality comparing patients under community-based and those under facility-based care. Despite these benefits, CHWs faced challenges related to lack of recognition, remuneration and involvement in decision making. CHWs can clearly contribute to HIV services delivery and strengthen human resource capacity in sub-Saharan Africa. For their contribution to be sustained, CHWs need to be recognized, remunerated and integrated in wider health systems. Further research focusing on comparative costs of CHW
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Information concerning the tax position of Users and Unpaid Associates in France
HR Department
2006-01-01
Users and Unpaid Associates domiciled in France are liable for tax, under ordinary French law, on the remunerations paid by French institutions employing them. They are therefore required to complete and sign a declaration of income form and send it to their local tax office (centre des impôts), together with the annual certificate issued by CERN in accordance with Article R IV 2.04 of the Staff Regulations (cf. the information from the Legal Service and the HR Department concerning declarations of income for 2005 published above). Users and Unpaid Associates remunerated by a French institution but domiciled in Switzerland are required to complete and sign a declaration of income form and send it to the tax office for non residents: Centre des impôts des non-résidents - 9 rue d'Uzès - 75002 Paris - France. Users and Unpaid Associates residing in France for more than six months in 2005 and remunerated by an institution not established in France must also complete a declaration of income form. In the fi...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Enrique Orellana
2014-04-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho das funções densidade de probabilidade (fdp Weibull 3 Parâmetros (3P e Beta ajustadas pelo método da Máxima Verossimilhança para descrever a distribuição diamétrica de espécies arbóreas de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. A área de estudo faz parte da Floresta Nacional de Irati (FLONA, onde foram instaladas 25 parcelas permanentes (100 m x 100 m com área total amostrada de 25 ha e, para os ajustes, foram utilizados dados de todas as árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP superior ou igual a 10 cm. Os ajustes foram feitos para as 20 espécies com maior valor de importância (VI com dados agrupados em classes de 5 cm de DAP. A programação não linear (PNL foi utilizada com o objetivo de minimizar os desvios entre valores observados e estimados. Para avaliação dos ajustes, foram utilizados os testes de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e de Hollander-Proschan, além do Erro-Padrão de Estimativa (% e Índice de Reynolds. Os resultados indicaram que as funções Weibull 3P e Beta apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, que ambas poderiam ser recomendadas para avaliar a distribuição diamétrica das espécies consideradas e que o uso da PNL nem sempre melhorou os ajustes.
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Does firm performance affect board independence?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yi Wang
2010-07-01
Full Text Available This paper seeks to shed some light on the antecedents of board independence. Specifically, it attempts to test the conceptual frameworks which make different predictions about the effect of firm performance on the level of board independence. The results provide support for the perspective that appointing more independent members to the boards may merely represent firms’ attempts to comply with institutional pressures. It is found that higher blockholder shareholdings lead to lower independence on the board, and audit and remuneration committees. Moreover, larger firms have relatively more independent directors sitting on nomination and remuneration committees.
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Velásquez, A. A; Baena Rodríguez, Juliana; Gutiérrez Loaiza, Yhefferson Fernando
2015-01-01
Se presenta el diseño, construcción y validación de un teslámetro digital embebido para uso en experimentos de caracterización magnética de materiales por métodos inductivos y estáticos. El teslámetro se compone de un transductor de efecto Hall THS119 de tipo planar, con salida diferencial y ajustable a diferentes rangos de medida, un amplificador de instrumentación INA129P con ganancia ajustable y un microcontrolador PIC16F873A con convertidor ADC de 10 bits para el procesamiento digital de ...
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Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví
1998-01-01
En esta investigación se analizan los mecanismos de ajuste del mercado de trabajo entre 1986 y 1997. Luego de una estancamiento del empleo entre 1988 y 1992, periodo recesivo en el cual el mercado de trabajo se ajustó a través de una reducción en los ingresos reales y una menor tasa de participación laboral, a partir de 1993, el empleo empezó a crecer junto con el nivel de actividad económica. El mercado de trabajo fue capaz de absorber el aumento de la oferta de empleo en ese periodo. El aum...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lenira El Faro
1999-01-01
Full Text Available No presente estudo foi estimada a curva de lactação média de 7239 lactações de vacas da raça Caracu, com base em 299.949 controles semanais. As funções ajustadas aos dados médios da curva de lactação foram Linear Hiperbólica e Quadrática Logarítmica, como lineares, e Gama Incompleta e Polinomial Inversa, como não-lineares. Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de processos iterativos, método de Gauss-Newton. O Coeficiente de Determinação ajustado (R²A, o Teste de Durbin-Watson (DW e os desvios (% entre as produções totais (PTL observadas e estimadas foram usados como medida da qualidade do ajuste. Os resíduos estimados, apesar de pequenos, apresentaram correlação serial positiva, pois o teste DW foi significativo para as quatro funções estudadas, indicando violação da pressuposição de independência entre estes resíduos. Os R²A foram superiores a 97% e os desvios entre as PTL observadas e estimadas, mínimos, indicando que, de acordo com estes critérios, qualquer função poderia ser usada para ajustar a curva de lactação média desse rebanho. Quanto aos componentes da curva, a melhor aproximação foi obtida pela função Polinomial Inversa, para produção inicial, tempo e produção no pico. As funções Gama Incompleta e Quadrática Logarítmica apresentaram ajustes semelhantes, porém a primeira apresentou melhor definição dos parâmetros e componentes da curva de lactação.The present study was carried out to estimate the average lactation curve of 7239 lactations of Caracu cows based on 299,949 weekly records. The functions fitted to the mean data of the lactation curve were: Linear Hyperbolic and Logarithmic Quadratic as linear and Incomplete Gamma and Inverse Polynomial function as non-linear. The parameters were estimated by iterative methods, Gauss-Newton method. The adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R²A, the Durbin-Watson test (DW and the deviations (% from actual and predicted total milk
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Augusto Evangelho Hernandez
2008-09-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a Escala de Ajustamento Diádico respondida por uma amostra não-probabilística de homens e mulheres brasileiros que estavam em relacionamento amoroso de diversos tipos. Os 542 sujeitos foram recrutados em diversos locais de Porto Alegre/RS e região metropolitana. Através da técnica estatística Análise Fatorial, este estudo realizou um exame da estrutura da escala. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com o estudo original de construção do instrumento e outras confirmações subseqüentes. Através da comparação dos escores médios dos diferentes tipos de casais da amostra atual se pôde verificar o poder discriminativo do instrumento e, além disso, foi examinada sua fidedignidade. Apareceram evidências que dão razoável suporte à versão brasileira do instrumento para sua utilização na pesquisa e na clínica psicológica.El propósito del estudio presente fue evaluar la Escala de Ajuste Conyugal contestada por una muestra non-probabilistic de hombres y mujeres brasileños que estuvieron implicados con relaciones de amor de varias clases. Los 542 sujetos fueron reclutados en varios sitios en Porto Alegre/RS y su área metropolitana. Con la técnica de estadística del análisis factorial, este estudio examinó la estructura de la escala. Los resultados fueron comparados a la construcción original del instrumento y de otras confirmaciones subsecuentes. Comparando las puntuaciones promedio de las clases diferentes de parejas de la muestra presente, podemos verificar el poder discriminatorio del instrumento, además de esto, su fiabilidad fue examinada también. Pruebas mostradas, del apoyo razonable a la versión brasileña del instrumento para su uso en la investigación y en clínica de psicología.The Dyadic Adjustment Scale answered by a non-probabilistic sample of Brazilian males and females involved in different types of love relationships is assessed. The 542 subjects were recruited in
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Prugger, Christof; Doshi, Peter; Ostrowski, Kerstin; Witte, Thomas; Hüsgen, Dieter; Keil, Ulrich
2017-01-01
Objectives To investigate the practice of post-marketing studies in Germany during a three year period and to evaluate whether these trials meet the aims specified in the German Medicinal Products Act. Design Survey of notifications submitted to German regulatory agencies before post-marketing studies were carried out, 2008-10. Setting Notifications obtained through freedom of information requests to the three authorities responsible for registering post-marketing studies in Germany. Main outcome measures Descriptive statistics of post-marketing studies, including the products under study, intended number of patients, intended number of participating physicians, proposed remunerations, study plan and protocol, and availability of associated scientific publications and reports on adverse drug reactions. Results Information was obtained from 558 studies, with a median of 600 (mean 2331, range 2-75 000) patients and 63 (270, 0-7000) participating physicians per study. The median remuneration to physicians per patient was €200 (€441, €0-€7280) (£170, £0-£6200; $215, $0-$7820), with a total remuneration cost of more than €217m for 558 studies registered over the three year period. The median remuneration per participating physician per study was €2000 (mean €19 424), ranging from €0 to €2 080 000. There was a broad range of drugs and non-drug products, of which only a third represented recently approved drugs. In many notifications, data, information, and results were, by contract, strictly confidential and the sole property of the respective sponsor. No single adverse drug reaction report could be identified from any of the 558 post-marketing studies. Less than 1% of studies could be verified as published in scientific journals. Conclusions Post-marketing studies are not improving drug safety surveillance. Sample sizes are generally too small to allow the detection of rare adverse drug reactions, and many participating physicians are
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Models of practice organisation using dental therapists: English case studies.
Sun, N; Harris, R V
2011-08-12
A new dental remuneration system based on bands of activity has changed the reward system operating in dental practices and influenced practitioner behaviour in relation to the delegation of tasks to English dental therapists (DTs). Since dental practitioners operate as independent contractors they are free to innovate. A variety of models incorporating DTs in general practice teams exist, some of which may overcome the apparent delegation constraints embedded within this system of remuneration. To describe the way different practices are organised to take account of DTs in their teams and identify whether any of these models address delegation disincentives arising from the system of remuneration. A purposive sample of six dental practices was identified, comprising two small, two medium and two large dental practices, including a variety of models of practice organisation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with principal dentists, associate dentists, DTs, practice managers and dental hygienists (35 participants in total). A thematic analysis was applied to interview transcripts. The six dental practices demonstrated six different models of practice organisation which could be grouped into 'practice payment' and 'dentist payment' models according to whether the salary costs of the DT were met by a central practice fund or from the income of individual dentists in the team. In both of the large practices only some of the dentists in the team referred work to the DT because of reimbursement issues. In two practices the system was perceived to be satisfactory to all parties, one of these being a single-handed practice with two DTs. Although the remuneration system contained some potential disincentives to DT delegation, some practices innovated in their organisations to overcome these issues.
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Reliability payments to generation capacity in electricity markets
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Olsina, Fernando; Pringles, Rolando; Larisson, Carlos; Garcés, Francisco
2014-01-01
Electric power is a critical input to modern economies. Generation adequacy and security of supply in power systems running under competition are currently topics of high concern for consumers, regulators and governments. In a market setting, generation investments and adequacy can only be achieved by an appropriate regulatory framework that sets efficient remuneration to power capacity. Theoretically, energy-only electricity markets are efficient and no additional mechanism is needed. Nonetheless, the energy-only market design suffers from serious drawbacks. Therefore, jointly with the evolution of electricity markets, many remunerating mechanisms for generation capacity have been proposed. Explicit capacity payment was the first remunerating approach implemented and perhaps still the most applied. However, this price-based regulation has been applied no without severe difficulties and criticism. In this paper, a new reliability payment mechanism is envisioned. Capacity of each generating unit is paid according to its effective contribution to overall system reliability. The proposed scheme has many attractive features and preserves the theoretical efficiency properties of energy-only markets. Fairness, incentive compatibility, market power mitigation and settlement rules are investigated in this work. The article also examines the requirements for system data and models in order to implement the proposed capacity mechanism. A numerical example on a real hydrothermal system serves for illustrating the practicability of the proposed approach and the resulting reliability payments to the generation units. - Highlights: • A new approach for remunerating supply reliability provided by generation units is proposed. • The contribution of each generating unit to lessen power shortfalls is determined by simulations. • Efficiency, fairness and incentive compatibility of the proposed reliability payment are assessed
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parámetros en híbridos de populus
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
O. S. Vallejos-Barra
2007-01-01
Full Text Available La variable diámetro a la altura del pecho, medido a 1.3 m desde el suelo (DAP es lognormal si log(DAP-θ se distribuye normalmente. Para simplificar el ajuste de esta función de densidad de probabilidad (fdp se supone que el parámetro de localización (θ es cero en híbridos de Populus; sin embargo, en algunos casos esta simplificación no asegura el mejor ajuste de la fdp, incidiendo en la representación de la estructura horizontal de los híbridos. El objetivo de la investigación fue calcular el parámetro θ que proporcione el mejor ajuste de la fdp lognormal del DAP en los híbridos I-488 e I-63/51. Para este cálculo se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda binaria, que minimizó el estadístico Dn de la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. 38 % de las parcelas presentó un parámetro θ distinto de cero, originando una mejoría del valor de probabilidad (P entre 0.02 y 55.4 %. Se hizo un análisis de varianza no paramétrico de la variable √n * Dn, ya que la variable original y múltiples transformaciones no permitieron aceptar los supuestos del análisis paramétrico. El tipo de ajuste presentó diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas con un valor de 17.1 (P0.800 y las edades un valor de 11.2 (P>0.260.
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Structure of the Personal Self-Concept (PSC Questionnaire
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eider Goñi
2011-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio instrumental es verificar si los datos empíricos confirman la estructura del Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Personal (APE constituido por cuatro escalas: Autorrealización, Autonomía, Honradez y Ajuste emocional. La inclusión de estas escalas se justifica a través de la revisión conceptual del desarrollo personal, así como de la revisión de instrumentos que evalúan en parte el dominio del autoconcepto. Responden al cuestionario un total de 1135 personas de entre 15 y 65 años, siendo utilizadas las respuestas de 559, seleccionadas aleatoriamente, para un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Entre los tres modelos evaluados (el unidimensional, el de cuatro factores interrelacionados, y el de cuatro factores y uno de segundo orden, el tetradimensional mostró el mejor ajuste a los datos, aunque el modelo factorial de segundo orden tampoco muestra mal ajuste. Se discuten, por último, las implicaciones prácticas de la identificación de dimensiones concretas del autoconcepto y se plantean nuevos interrogantes de investigación a partir de los resultados obtenidos.
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Blank, Jos L T; van Hulst, Bart Laurents
2011-10-01
This paper describes the efficiency of Dutch hospitals using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with bootstrapping. In particular, the analysis focuses on accounting for cost inefficiency measures on the part of hospital corporate governance. We use bootstrap techniques, as introduced by Simar and Wilson (J. Econom. 136(1):31-64, 2007), in order to obtain more efficient estimates of the effects of governance on the efficiency. The results show that part of the cost efficiency can be explained with governance. In particular we find that a higher remuneration of the board as well as a higher remuneration of the supervisory board does not implicate better performance.
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Otimização do processamento para a fabricação de filtros no sistema Al2O3-SiC
Salvini,V. R.; Pupim,A. M.; Innocentini,M. D. M.; Pandolfelli,V. C.
2001-01-01
Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito das condições de processamento cerâmico na permeabilidade e resistência mecânica de filtros celulares. Esta avaliação compreendeu a fabricação e caracterização de filtros cerâmicos de 8 ppi (poros por polegada linear) no sistema Al2O3-SiC produzidos a partir de suspensões cerâmicas com diferentes ajustes granulométricos. O ajuste granulométrico tem por objetivo otimizar o empacotamento das partículas nos filamentos sólidos e, conseqüentemente, melhorar as pr...
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Ajuste macro, política monetaria y empleo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Iván González
2000-04-01
Full Text Available El artículo muestra que la política monetaria restrictiva ha sido uno de los factores que más ha incidido en el crecimiento del desempleo en Colombia durante la segunda mitad de los años noventa. La tasa de sacrificio de la política monetaria no ha sido cero, porque el costo de reducir la inflación ha sido muy elevado. La responsabilidad que tiene el manejo de la política monetaria en la crisis del sector real se hace más visible si se tiene en cuenta que no hay evidencia de que la menor demanda de trabajo esté asociada a los costos laborales y a las inflexibilidades del mercado laboral.
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Income development of General Practitioners in eight European countries from 1975 to 2005
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Van der Zee Jouke
2009-02-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background This study aims to gain insight into the international development of GP incomes over time through a comparative approach. The study is an extension of an earlier work (1975–1990, conducted in five yearly intervals. The research questions to be addressed in this paper are: 1 How can the remuneration system of GPs in a country be characterized? 2 How has the annual GP income developed over time in selected European countries? 3 What are the differences in GP incomes when differences in workload are taken into account? And 4 to what extent do remuneration systems, supply of GPs and gate-keeping contribute to the income position of GPs? Methods Data were collected for Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Written sources, websites and country experts were consulted. The data for the years 1995 and 2000 were collected in 2004–2005. The data for 2005 were collected in 2006–2007. Results During the period 1975–1990, the income of GPs, corrected for inflation, declined in all the countries under review. During the period 1995–2005, the situation changed significantly: The income of UK GPs rose to the very top position. Besides this, the gap between the top end (UK and bottom end (Belgium widened considerably. Practice costs form about 50% of total revenues, regardless of the absolute level of revenues. Analysis based on income per patient leads to a different ranking of countries compared to the ranking based on annual income. In countries with a relatively large supply of GPs, income per hour is lower. The type of remuneration appeared to have no effect on the financial position of the GPs in the countries in this study. In countries with a gate-keeping system the average GP income was systematically higher compared to countries with a direct-access system. Conclusion There are substantial differences in the income of GPs among the countries included in this study. The
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Income development of General Practitioners in eight European countries from 1975 to 2005.
Kroneman, Madelon W; Van der Zee, Jouke; Groot, Wim
2009-02-09
This study aims to gain insight into the international development of GP incomes over time through a comparative approach. The study is an extension of an earlier work (1975-1990, conducted in five yearly intervals). The research questions to be addressed in this paper are: 1) How can the remuneration system of GPs in a country be characterized? 2) How has the annual GP income developed over time in selected European countries? 3) What are the differences in GP incomes when differences in workload are taken into account? And 4) to what extent do remuneration systems, supply of GPs and gate-keeping contribute to the income position of GPs? Data were collected for Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Written sources, websites and country experts were consulted. The data for the years 1995 and 2000 were collected in 2004-2005. The data for 2005 were collected in 2006-2007. During the period 1975-1990, the income of GPs, corrected for inflation, declined in all the countries under review. During the period 1995-2005, the situation changed significantly: The income of UK GPs rose to the very top position. Besides this, the gap between the top end (UK) and bottom end (Belgium) widened considerably. Practice costs form about 50% of total revenues, regardless of the absolute level of revenues. Analysis based on income per patient leads to a different ranking of countries compared to the ranking based on annual income. In countries with a relatively large supply of GPs, income per hour is lower. The type of remuneration appeared to have no effect on the financial position of the GPs in the countries in this study. In countries with a gate-keeping system the average GP income was systematically higher compared to countries with a direct-access system. There are substantial differences in the income of GPs among the countries included in this study. The discrepancy between countries has increased over time. The income of
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Open Access Publishing in High-Energy Physics the SCOAP$^{3}$ model
Mele, S
2009-01-01
The Open Access (OA) movement is gaining an increasing momentum: its goal is to grant anyone, anywhere and anytime free access to the results of publicly funded scientific research. The High- Energy Physics (HEP) community has pioneered OA for decades, through its widespread “pre-print culture”. After almost half a century of worldwide dissemination of pre-prints, in paper first and electronically later, OA journals are becoming the natural evolution of scholarly communication in HEP. Among other OA business models, the one based on a sponsoring consortium appears as the most viable option for a transition of the HEP peer-reviewed literature to OA. The Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3) is proposed as a central body to remunerate publishers for their peer-review service, effectively replacing the “reader-pays” model of traditional subscriptions with an “author-side” funding, without any direct financial burden on individual authors and research groups. Su...
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Open Access Publishing in High-Energy Physics
Mele, S
2007-01-01
The goal of Open Access (OA) is to grant anyone, anywhere and anytime free access to the results of scientific research. The High- Energy Physics (HEP) community has pioneered OA with its "pre-print culture": the mass mailing, first, and the online posting, later, of preliminary versions of its articles. After almost half a century of widespread dissemination of pre-prints, the time is ripe for the HEP community to explore OA publishing. Among other possible models, a sponsoring consortium appears as the most viable option for a transition of HEP peer-reviewed literature to OA. A Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3) is proposed as a central body which would remunerate publishers for the peer-review service, effectively replacing the "reader-pays" model of traditional subscriptions with an "author-side" funding. Funding to SCOAP3 would come from HEP funding agencies and library consortia through a re-direction of subscriptions. This model is discussed in details togethe...
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Syndromes of collateral-reported psychopathology for ages 18-59 in 18 Societies
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Masha Y. Ivanova
2015-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue avanzar en la metodología clínica y de investigación relativa a la evaluación psicopatológica poniendo a prueba la generalización internacional de un modelo de ocho síndromes derivado de evaluaciones de personas allegadas a adultos sobre los problemas emocionales, sociales y de pensamiento y conducta de dichos adultos. Informantes allegados a los adultos calificaron a 8.582 residentes de 18 países con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 59 años con el Adult Behavior Checklist(ABCL. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se examinó el ajuste del modelo de ocho síndromes a las puntuaciones provenientes de cada país. El índice primario de ajuste del modelo (RMSEA mostró un buen ajuste del modelo en todos los países, mientras que índices secundarios (Comparative Fit Index Tucker-Lewis Index mostraron un ajuste de aceptable a bueno en 17 países. Se obtuvieron cargas factoriales robustas para los distintos países e ítems. De los 5.007 parámetros estimados, cuatro (0,08 % se encontraban fuera de rango. No obstante, los intervalos de confianza del 95% comprendían el espacio admisible, indicando que la desviación de los cuatro parámetros podría deberse a fluctuaciones en el muestreo. Los hallazgos coinciden con la evidencia previa existente sobre la generalización del modelo de ocho síndromes obtenida de autoinformes realizados en 28 sociedades. Además, los resultados indican que el modelo es adecuado para operacionalizar fenotipos de la psicopatología del adulto a partir de evaluaciones de múltiples informantes en diversas sociedades.
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Prevalence Of Burnout Syndrome And Factors Associated With University Teachers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ericka Silva Holmes
2017-03-01
Full Text Available This is a systematic review that sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome in university teachers. The collection of the studies was done through descriptors in databases, which resulted in the selection of 8 articles. The prevalence for burnout had a small variation, but presented worrying values. The most frequent associated factors were: work overload, accumulation of activities beyond teaching, high employment ties, devaluation of the work performed and low remuneration. Burnout is still little recognized and studied in the category of university teachers, and it is difficult to identify an exact prevalence for this category. However, the associated factors are well defined and should be considered as a starting point for the prevention of the syndrome.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Soetebier, Jan [Bundesnetzagentur, Bonn (Germany)
2012-09-15
With the expansion of renewable energies, the network capacities on windy and sunny days are becoming scarce. If the capacities are not sufficient in order to accommodate all the electricity, conventional power plants and subordinately plants for the power generation from renewable plants have to be closed. What are the consequences of a compulsory curtailment for the marketing of the electric power? This question basically raised for conventional power plants as well as supply remunerated and directly exploited renewable energy plants. From this perspective, the author of this contribution reports on the impact on the stock marketing of the supply remunerated electric power from renewable energy sources according to the balancing mechanism of the Renewable Energy Law.
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Utility opinions on energy supply. Praise and reprimand
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
2008-01-01
This article discusses the opinions expressed by several electricity utilities on the cost-covering remuneration of electricity produced using renewable resources. Positive and negative aspects of the system - in the opinion of the utilities - are listed. Positive issues discussed include the improved economic viability of installations using renewable energy sources, preservation of know-how, increased use of renewables and the minimisation of economic risk for the builders of such installations. Negative issues noted include the general financial burden placed on all electricity consumers, the limits placed by parliament on the remuneration scheme, various hindrances still active in the implementation of such installations and possible competition with other schemes that further the use of electricity from renewable resources.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Salvador Bañuelos Cabral
2015-06-01
Full Text Available El artículo presenta una descripción detallada de las técnicas más utilizadas para hacer ajuste racional de funciones del dominio de la frecuencia. Las técnicas son: Aproximación Asintótica de Bode, Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, Mínimos Cuadrados Iterativamente Reponderados, Ajuste Vectorial y Levenberg-Marquardt. Estas técnicas se comparan aproximando una función analítica. Después, se aplican al ajuste racional de parámetros dependientes de la frecuencia de una línea de transmisión monofásica. El efecto del ajuste se evalúa considerando los casos de línea abierta, corto circuito y perfectamente acoplada. La transformada numérica de Laplace (NLT se utiliza como referencia para la evaluación. Se concluye que la adecuada implementación de cada técnica depende de varios factores; del tipo de función a ajustar, del rango de ajuste, y otros. Además, no es posible garantizar que una de las técnicas siempre converja al mejor resultado. El artículo propone algunas guías para seleccionar la técnica más adecuada para una aplicación particular. This paper provides a detailed description of the rational fitting techniques that are most used to approximate frequency domain functions. The techniques are: Bode asymptotic approximations, Ordinary Least-Squares, Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares, Vector Fitting and Levenberg-Marquardt. These techniques are compared by approximating of an analytic function. Then, the techniques are applied to the rational-fitting of the frequency-dependent parameters corresponding to a single-phase transmission line. The effect of the rational representations is evaluated considering transients on cases of open-ended, short-circuited and perfectly matched lines. The numerical Laplace transform technique (NLT is used as reference for the evaluations. It follows that the proper implementation of each fitting technique depends on various factors; the type of function being adjusted, the desired
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Freeman Christopher
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Pharmacists are viewed as highly trained yet underutilised and there is growing support to extend the role of the pharmacist within the primary health care sector. The integration of a pharmacist into a general practice medical centre is not a new concept however is a novel approach in Australia and evidence supporting this role is currently limited. This study aimed to describe the opinions of local stakeholders in South-East Queensland on the integration of a pharmacist into the Australian general practice environment. Methods A sample of general practitioners, health care consumers, pharmacists and practice managers in South-East Queensland were invited to participate in focus groups or semi-structured interviews. Seeding questions common to all sessions were used to facilitate discussion. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Leximancer software was used to qualitatively analyse responses. Results A total of 58 participants took part in five focus groups and eighteen semi-structured interviews. Concepts relating to six themes based on the seeding questions were identified. These included positively viewed roles such as medication reviews and prescribing, negatively viewed roles such as dispensing and diagnosing, barriers to pharmacist integration such as medical culture and remuneration, facilitators to pharmacist integration such as remuneration and training, benefits of integration such as access to the patient’s medical file, and potential funding models. Conclusions These findings and future research may aid the development of a new model of integrated primary health care services involving pharmacist practitioners.
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2011-06-08
... is currently investigating alleged subsidy programs involving loans, grants, income tax incentives, and the provision of goods or services for less than adequate remuneration. Due to the number and...
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2010-09-27
.... Lorentzen, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, from Susan Kuhbach, Director, Office 1.... Provision of Standing Timber for Less Than Adequate Remuneration 2. Government Prohibition of Log Exports 3...
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2010-05-07
... to the availability of resources. Additional guidance on compensation of expenses and remuneration of..., 2010. Willem H. Brakel, Director, Office of Environmental Policy, Department of State. [FR Doc. 2010...
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Sigmund Freud's practice: visits and consultation, psychoanalyses, remuneration.
Tögel, Christfried
2009-10-01
This paper provides an overview of the quantitative side of the systematic records kept by Freud on his practice. He left precise records of the duration, frequency, and fees of psychoanalytic treatments. These statistics are compared with the treatment duration and frequency customary in present-day psychoanalytic practice in German-speaking countries. The results suggest that, regarding frequency and duration and their relationship, there is little difference between Freud's psychoanalytic practice and that of the present day.
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Costs and remuneration of renewables in liberalized market
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Pezzaglia, M.
2008-01-01
The massive introduction of financial incentives schemes of production of energy from renewable sources result a rapid development of technology production and the market. The production costs are strongly influenced by types of technology. This studies have yet to track the costs of production [it
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Factors Driving Changes To Remuneration Policy And Outcomes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mark Bussin
2004-11-01
Die doel van hierdie studie is om die relatiewe belangrikheid van die faktore wat verandering in die vergoeding besluitnemingsbeleid dryf asook die impak wat dit op organisasie het in diepte te verstaan. Data van 148 organisasies is geanaliseer onderworpe aan streng statisiese analises. Die resultaat wys dat die mees kritieke drywers vir vergoedingsbeleid die volgende is: retensie van sleutelpersoneel, finansiële resultate en organisasie strategie. Die grootste veranderinge in vergoedsbeleid was in die volgende areas: veranderlike betaling, meriete/prestasie verwante betaling, markposisie, totale pakket en rolevaluasie/‘broadband’ beleid? Sterk korrelasie is gevind tussen die vlak van verandering in die vergoedingsbeleid en die impak op die organisasie. Dit wys onder andere uit hoe groter die verandering in vergoedingsbeleid, hoe groter die impak op die organisasie.
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British Gas: remuneration. There may be trouble ahead
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anon.
1995-01-01
When the Chairman and Chief Executive of British Gas was awarded a huge salary increase recently, a major revolt occurred amongst 4,000 of British Gas's small shareholders. The increase was awarded despite the intense opposition because the pension funds voted with the Board. A critique is offered of the occasion, and a comparison with the rather fairer rise requested by Ofgas's Director General, the gas company regulator, who had been paid as a 3 day a week contract, but had been working six days a week. With deregulation of the gas supply market, British Gas has been under governmental pressure to publish its prices, and has been undercut by competitors. The newly developed contractural relationships in the United Kingdom gas market are very complex and, for the first time subject to legal enforcement. (UK)
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7 CFR 1484.13 - What special definitions apply to the Cooperator program?
2010-01-01
... Marketing Programs, FAS, USDA, or designee. Division Director—the director of a commodity division... agricultural commodities or products and does not have a business interest in or receive remuneration from...
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16 CFR 3.81 - General provisions.
2010-01-01
... regularly perform services for remuneration for the applicant, under the applicant's direction and control... of the Executive Director. However, an award may also include the reasonable expenses of the attorney...
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2010-01-01
... depositors/members on the conversion; (5) Any proposed increased compensation and other remuneration... directors/trustees of the bank in connection with the conversion; (6) The adequacy and independence of the...
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Muralidharan, Sidharth; Men, Linjuan Rita
2015-10-01
Based on consumer socialization theory, this study proposes and tests a conceptual model of social media shopping behavior, which links the antecedents of user motivations of engagement and peer communication about products to shopping behavior through social media. A cross-cultural survey was conducted with social media users in two culturally distinct markets with the largest Internet population: China (n=304) and the United States (n=328). Findings showed that social interaction, information, and remuneration were positive antecedents of peer communication for users from both countries. Peer communication positively impacted social media shopping behavior, and cultural differences were observed, with social interaction being important to Chinese users' shopping behavior, while remuneration was more important to American users. Implications are discussed.
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[Outlier cases in surgical disciplines. Micro-economic and macro-economic problems].
Tecklenburg, A; Liebeneiner, J; Schaefer, O
2009-09-01
Postoperative complications will always occur and the negative impact puts strain on patients, relatives and the attending physicians. The conversion to a remuneration system based on flat rates (diagnosis-related groups) presents additional economic problems for hospitals in some resource-intensive treatments. This particularly pertains to extremely cost-intensive cases in which costs succeed revenue by the factor of 2 and are often surgical procedures. Here the economic risk increases with the number of interventions performed. Despite improvements in the remuneration system this problem persists. An improved payment for these treatments is desirable. To achieve this it is necessary to systematically analyze the extremely cost-intensive cases by experts of different medical disciplines to create a data basis for a proposal of a cost-covering payment.
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[Ethics and blood transfusion].
Tissot, J-D; Garraud, O; Danic, B; Cabaud, J-J; Lefrère, J-J
2013-09-01
Blood donation is an act of solidarity. Most often, this act is done on a volunteer basis and, depending on countries and circumstances, is not remunerated. The increase in need, the always-greater number of deferral criteria, the safety issues and the changes in the structures of our societies are among the many subjects for ethical debates. Taking these into account, the actors of the transfusion must analyze certain parameters: the value of a donation, the meaning of volunteering, the appropriateness of remunerating the act of giving a part of one's self, no longer as a donation or an expression of altruism and solidarity, but as a commercial act regimented by economic laws. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.
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Marchildon, Gregory
2013-01-01
Canada is a high-income country with a population of 33 million people. Its economic performance has been solid despite the recession that began in 2008. Life expectancy in Canada continues to rise and is high compared with most OECD countries; however, infant and maternal mortality rates tend to be worse than in countries such as Australia, France and Sweden. About 70% of total health expenditure comes from the general tax revenues of the federal, provincial and territorial governments. Most public revenues for health are used to provide universal medicare (medically necessary hospital and physician services that are free at the point of service for residents) and to subsidise the costs of outpatient prescription drugs and long-term care. Health care costs continue to grow at a faster rate than the economy and government revenue, largely driven by spending on prescription drugs. In the last five years, however, growth rates in pharmaceutical spending have been matched by hospital spending and overtaken by physician spending, mainly due to increased provider remuneration. The governance, organization and delivery of health services is highly decentralized, with the provinces and territories responsible for administering medicare and planning health services. In the last ten years there have been no major pan-Canadian health reform initiatives but individual provinces and territories have focused on reorganizing or fine tuning their regional health systems and improving the quality, timeliness and patient experience of primary, acute and chronic care. The medicare system has been effective in providing Canadians with financial protection against hospital and physician costs. However, the narrow scope of services covered under medicare has produced important gaps in coverage and equitable access may be a challenge in these areas. World Health Organization 2013 (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and
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2010-04-08
... currently investigating alleged subsidy programs involving loans, grants, income tax incentives, and the provision of goods or services for less than adequate remuneration. Due to the number and complexity of the...
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29 CFR 16.105 - Eligibility of applicants.
2010-07-01
... remuneration for the applicant, under the applicant's direction and control. Part-time employees shall be... election of a majority of that business' board of directors, trustees or other persons exercising similar...
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2013-04-09
..., Senior Director China/Non-Market Economy Unit, to Paul Piquado, Assistant Secretary for Import... Premiums E. Law 5084: Allocation of Free Land and Purchase of Land for less than Adequate Remuneration...
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40 CFR 17.5 - Eligibility of applicants.
2010-07-01
... an applicant include all persons who regularly perform services for remuneration for the applicant... controls or owns a majority of the voting shares of another business' board of directors, trustees, or...
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31 CFR 6.4 - Eligibility of applicants.
2010-07-01
... remuneration for the applicant, under the applicant's direction and control. Part-time employees shall be... any manner the election of a majority of that business's board of directors, trustees, or other...
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76 FR 401 - MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, et al.
2011-01-04
... Board of Directors/Trustees without shareholder approval. However, Met Series Fund and MIST represent... brokerage commission, fee, or other remuneration will be paid to any party in connection with the proposed...
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2010-04-01
... condition application. Center Director means the Department official to whom the Administrator has delegated... employed in the United States. Wage rate means the remuneration (exclusive of fringe benefits) to be paid...
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Serving the Customer – Do Patient Feedback and Questionnaires Improve Quality?
Keshtgar, Asma; D’Cruz, Len
2017-01-01
This review article aims to analyse whether patient feedback and questionnaires improve quality of care. It is recognized that patients cannot assess the medical competence of the clinician, yet patient experience provides an insight into the process of care through the patients’ eyes. Patient experience measures are more reliable for use to assess quality than patient satisfaction surveys. It is inappropriate to use patient satisfaction surveys as a basis for remuneration of dentists within the NHS. Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been a successful measure of patient experience in medicine and their introduction to dentistry needs to be considered. Clinical relevance: This article will enable clinicians to understand the importance of patient experience measures as a more reliable way of improving the quality of clinical care than patient satisfaction surveys.
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Economics of oil regulation and the Brazilian reform. Some issues
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hernandez-Perez, Adriana
2011-01-01
This paper reviews the economic fundamentals for regulation in the oil industry, with a focus on the current regulatory proposal for the Brazilian oil industry. The observed exploration and production (E and P) contracts foresee much of the characteristics of the optimal contract, with a remuneration structure that combines upfront with future payments to mitigate uncertainty and incentivize exploratory efforts. In Brazil, despite slow market deconcentration since 1997's liberalization, the current oil regulation is in general consistent with an optimal regulatory response. From an economic standpoint, the 2009's new regulatory proposal prompted by the major oil discoveries offshore in Brazil reduces the power of incentive schemes with respect to exploratory and cost-reducing efforts while the changes in the net risk of the E and P offshore activities are not so clear. (author)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Camelo Ordaz, C.; Fernandez Alles, M. L.; Valle Cabrera, R.
2010-07-01
This paper reviews the theoretical basis about the agency problem and the governance mechanisms utilised in order to reduce it. After explaining briefly other mechanisms to reduce agency problem, the paper focuses on the role of board of directors, analysing its functions and responsibilities. Finally, we explore the boards of directors of a Spanish sample over the period of 2004 through 2008, showing the fulfilment's degree of Unified Code's recommendations of 2006. (Author) 44 refs.
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Executive compensation and the EVA and MVA performance of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Kirstam
executive compensation and different measures of financial performance. Both ... traditional accounting measures such as ROA and ROE and the newer ... as different 'lenses' to look at executive remuneration, namely the principal-agent,.
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2010-08-04
... techniques or other forms of information technology. Comments may be sent to: Steven Carlson, Director... States will receive remuneration of $75,000 to offset the costs of participating in the study. Interview...
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26 CFR 509.112 - Compensation for labor or personal services.
2010-04-01
..., including the practice of the liberal professions and the rendition of services as a director, performed in... include, but shall not be limited to, the compensation, profits, emoluments, or other remuneration of...
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26 CFR 31.3505-1 - Liability of third parties paying or providing for wages.
2010-04-01
... employer, M makes monthly vacation payments (of a sum equal to a certain percentage of the remuneration... writing with the district director, service center director, or compliance center director to extend the...
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75 FR 16205 - MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, et al.
2010-03-31
... Board of Directors/Trustees without shareholder approval. However, Met Series Fund and MIST represent... remuneration will be paid to any party in connection with the proposed in kind purchase transactions. 27. The...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zotkina Natalia
2017-01-01
Full Text Available The article is devoted to modeling mechanism for evaluation the labor contribution of Russian employees of public and private enterprises in the construction sector based on an analysis of current problems in the remuneration of the government. There was also taken into account the state of motivation system and job satisfaction of human resources in the executive authorities in the subject of Russian Federation (on an example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - YaNAO. The survey was dedicated to revealing preferences of civil servants in matters of career growth, professional development. On the basis of the quota survey of civil servants using absentee (dispenser survey, conducted in July-September 2015 in Yamalo-Nenets, the following conclusions were formulated. The study has found that enrollment in the personnel reserve is not an effective measure to motivate public servants since it functions mostly just formally. Of particular importance are such working conditions as “remuneration dependence on the actual results” and “Personal responsibility for specific areas of activity”, which is directly linked with the possibility to receive appropriate remuneration. Authors propose an integral indicator for assessing labor contribution of an employee of public and private enterprises of the construction sector in order to improve financial motivation and increase the level of interest, which is based on the principles of economic and mathematical modeling.
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Payment mechanisms for winter road maintenance services
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adel Abdi
2013-12-01
Full Text Available In countries with severe winters a major part of the annual budget for road maintenance is allocated on performance of winter road maintenance tasks. Finding appropriate remuneration forms to compensate entrepreneurs for performed road measures during winter is not an easy task in order to minimise or eliminate disputes and satisfy both client organisations and contractors. On the other hand improper reimbursement models lead either to the client’s annual budget imbalance due to unnecessary cost overruns or affect contractor’s cash-flow. Such cases in turn affect just-in-time winter road maintenance and then traffic safety. To solve such problems, a number of countries in cold regions like Sweden have developed different remuneration models based more on weather data called Weather Index. Therefore the objective of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the payment models applied in Sweden. The study uses a number of approaches namely; domestic questionnaire survey, analysis of a number of contract documents, a series of meetings with the project managers and an international benchmarking. The study recognised four remuneration models for winter maintenance service of which one based on weather data statistics. The study reveals the payment model based on weather data statistics is only applied for the roads with higher traffic flow and the model generates most uncertainty.
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Estrategias de afrontamiento e inadaptación en niños y adolescentes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco M. Morales
2010-12-01
Full Text Available El objetivo general del presente trabajo es estudiar la relación entre el empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento, ajuste psicológico y manifestación de comportamientos desadaptados. El enfoque adoptado es situacional, considerando la estrategia en relación con la situación particular, en concreto, se han evaluado las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés utilizadas por escolares andaluces de educación primaria en relación con cuatro tipos de estresores: escolar, familiar, relaciones con los iguales y salud. Participaron 402 niños entre 9 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: el IIEC (Inventario Infantil de Estresores Cotidianos, el ESAN (Estrategias situacionales de afrontamiento en niños y en niñas y el BASC (Sistema de Evaluación de la conducta en niños y adolescentes. Los resultados demuestran un uso diferencial de estrategias de afrontamiento según el problema o situación planteada. El análisis de las estrategias de afrontamiento revela además que el empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento de aproximación a los problemas se asocia a un mayor grado de ajuste y adaptación mientras que un mayor empleo de estrategias de tipo evitativo se asocia con menos ajuste y comportamientos más desadaptativos.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira
1999-04-01
Full Text Available RESUMO Com o objetivo de se comparar os métodos de ajuste gráfico e a regressão não-linear na determinação do coeficiente de dispersão, montaram-se três colunas de solo, através das quais se fez passar uma solução deslocadora de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2, o que permitiu a obtenção dos pontos da curva de eluição. Para efeito de comparação das curvas de eluição ajustadas à experimental, empregaram-se as soluções analíticas das equações diferenciais para a dispersão longitudinal, dispersão para um pulso, difusivo-convectivo e geral do transporte de solutos. Os valores dos coeficientes de dispersão obtidos pelos métodos empregados mostraram que o ajuste gráfico, quando bem empregado, é uma alternativa quando não se dispõe de recursos computacionais para usar o ajuste através de regressão não-linear. As soluções analíticas descrevem com perfeição a curva de eluição, desde que se conheça o coeficiente de dispersão.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olga Gómez-Ortiz
2015-10-01
Full Text Available El primer objetivo de este trabajo es establecer una clasificación de estilos parentales y el segundo examinar la relación entre los estilos materno, paterno y la coherencia entre ambos, y el ajuste adolescente, evaluado mediante la resiliencia, el apego y la implicación en bullying. Para ello, una muestra incidental de 626 estudiantes (49.7% chicas de educación secundaria de la provincia de Córdoba, cumplimentaron la Escala para la evaluación del estilo educativo de padres y madres de adolescentes, el European Bullying Intervention Project Questionaire, la escala de apego CaMir-R y la versión reducida de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson. Los resultados muestran cuatro estilos educativos análogos para madres y padres ("democrático controlador", "democrático supervisor", "democrático de baja revelación" y "moderado", un estilo "indiferente" solo hallado en la clasificación paterna y un estilo "permisivo" solo observado en la categorización materna. Asimismo, se observan diferencias significativas en ajuste adolescente en función del estilo paterno y materno y la coherencia entre ambos, reflejando el mejor ajuste los hijos de padres o madres "democráticos supervisores" y los que ambos progenitores eran democráticos.
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Ajuste psicosocial en adolescentes víctimas de cyberbullying
Iranzo Ejarque, Begoña
2017-01-01
1. INTRODUCCIÓN Los enormes y continuos avances de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) han contribuido al desarrollo de nuevas formas de comunicación e interrelación social en la sociedad actual (Buelga y Chóliz, 2013). Pese a estas ventajas, han surgido nuevos problemas en la red como consecuencia del mal uso que algunos niños y adolescentes hacen de la TICs (Durán y Martínez, 2015; Ortega-Barón, Buelga y Cava, 2016; Rice et al., 2015). En este sentido, dest...
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Ajuste de particiones planas mediante diagramas de Voronoi discretos
García Bernal, Daniel
2017-01-01
La geometría computacional se centra en el diseño y análisis de algoritmos para problemas geométricos. En la última decada, esta disciplina ha atraído un enorme interés. Pero ha sido en los últimos a~nos cuando se ha incrementado el interés en una estructura geométrica, concretamente los diagramas de Voronoi. No solo por sus características y propiedades matemáticas, sino también por aparecer ampliamente relacionados con fenómenos y procesos físicos que se dan en la naturale...
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Gasto y servicios públicos: Efectos del ajuste presupuestal
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eugenia Correa
2008-09-01
Full Text Available Entre la crisis de la deuda de 1982 y el presente, las políticas económicas del Consenso de Washington (CW, han sido obedecidas de forma continua e ininterrumpida en México. Las tres generaciones de estas políticas recomendadas-impuestas, que han buscado recuperar la capacidad de pago de la deuda, privatizar las empresas estatales, y abrir y desregular la economía nacional, han seguido los intereses de los acreedores privados y las empresas en expansión en la región, que a la vez han debilitado la empresa local, las instituciones públicas y a la clase política en general. El principio fundamental del CW mas dañino ha sido el mantenimiento del equilibrio fiscal. Sin embargo, la creencia en la necesidad del equilibrio fiscal también es el elemento del CW que más ha penetrado las ideologías, tanto de izquierda como de derecha en América Latina. Después de presentar los orígenes y la trayectoria de las políticas de Washington, se destaca cómo las privatizaciones y el servicio de la deuda pública han disminuido los ingresos y gastos fiscales, dejando el Estado dependiente de los excedentes petroleros y de los servicios públicos básicos. Se analizan como tales sectores enfrentan una mayor participación de la empresa extranjera, mayor descapitalización y privatización.
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African Journals Online (AJOL)
user
This paper attempts to establish the relationship between leadership approach and ... that the head teacher be effective in maintaining discipline by emphasizing goal ... conditions of service and morale building and remuneration (Day 2000).
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15 CFR Appendix A to Part 0 - Statutes Governing Conduct of Federal Employees
2010-01-01
..., partner, organization in which he is serving as officer, director, trustee, partner, or employee, or any... remuneration or not; and never accept for himself or his family, favors or benefits under circumstances which...
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The multiverse is your playground
Levine, Alaina G.
2018-01-01
Astronomers should not feel like failures for leaving academia — the multiverse is replete with engaging, satisfying and well-remunerated jobs that will value you, your education, your training and your unique skills.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo de Camargo Oliva
2006-06-01
Full Text Available The philosophy and models of the System of Compensation of administrators were analyzed to verify the degree of agreement with the good practice of corporate governance structure. The structure of corporate governance is made up of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, council members, CEO and the executive board. Literature reviewed disclosed only isolated aspects of governance and remuneration without any integrated format. Exploratory and descriptive methods were used for documentary research and field survey at the companies who had adhered to the differentiated levels of corporate governance of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (level 1, level 2 and new market. Conclusions showed that remuneration of the council member was reasonable without considering the variable component found in executive board. The organizations used short term indicators for the remuneration system and were already formalizing procedures. However, greater internal as well as external transparency is required to make these procedures more public.O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar, descrever e analisar a filosofia e os modelos do Sistema de Remuneração de administradores e verificar se estavam alinhados com as boas práticas da estrutura de Governança Corporativa. Compõem a estrutura de governança corporativa o Presidente do Conselho de Administração, os conselheiros, o Chief Executive Officer (CEO e a diretoria executiva. Na revisão da literatura constatatou-se a existência de obras que estudaram aspectos de governança e de remuneração separadamente, e não de forma conjunta e integrada. Para a realização da pesquisa¹ documental e do levantamento de campo foram utilizados os métodos exploratório e descritivo junto às empresas que aderiram aos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa da Bovespa (nível 1, nível 2 e novo mercado. Como principais conclusões, pôde-se verificar que a remuneração do conselheiro é módica, n
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The direct cost of acute hip fracture care in care home residents in the UK.
Sahota, O; Morgan, N; Moran, C G
2012-03-01
Data on the true acute care costs of hip fractures for patients admitted from care homes are limited. Detailed costing analysis was undertaken for 100 patients. Median cost was £9,429 [10,896], increasing to £14,435 [16,681], for those requiring an upgrade from residential to nursing home care. Seventy-six percent of costs were attributable to hospital bed days, and therefore, interventions targeted at reducing hospital stay may be cost effective. Previous studies have estimated the costs associated with hip fracture, although these vary widely, and for patients admitted from care homes, who represent a significant fracture burden, there are limited data. The primary aim of this study was to perform a detailed assessment of the direct medical costs incurred and secondly compare this to the actual remuneration received by the hospital. One hundred patients presenting from a care home in 2006 were randomly selected and a detailed case-note costing analysis was undertaken. This cost was then compared to the actual remuneration received by the hospital. Median cost per patient episode was £9,429 [10,896] (all patients) range £4,292-162,324 [4,960-187,582] (subdivided into hospital bed day costs £7,129 [8,238], operative costs £1,323 [1,529] and investigation costs £977 [1,129]). Twenty-two percent of the patients admitted from a residential home required upgrading to a nursing home. In this group, the median length of stay was 31 days (mean 38, range 10-88) median cost £14,435 [16,681]. Average remuneration received equated to £6,222 [7,190] per patient. This represents a mean loss in income, compared to actual calculated costs of £3,207 [3,706] per patient. The median cost was £9,429 [10,896], increasing to £14,435 [16,681], for those requiring an upgrade from residential to nursing home care at discharge. Significant cost differences were seen comparing the actual cost to remuneration received. Interventions targeted at reducing length of stay may be cost
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Flynn, Elizabeth A.
2011-01-01
In this article, the author revisits her essay, "Students as Readers of Their Classmates' Writing," by providing a review of the literature on peer review over the past three decades and comments on patterns she sees in waves of peer review research and theorizing. She describes her subsequent experience with peer review in her own classes, and…
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Brain drain as a clog in the wheel of Nigeria's development: The ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Journal Home > Vol 8, No 1 (2013) > ... These causes range from lack of employment, poor remuneration for top flight intellectuals and ... and other facilities (including inadequacy of research funds and professional equipment and tools).
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2010-07-01
... payment any part of which is credited or offset against any remuneration otherwise payable to the... program. It shall not include such persons as script writers, stand-ins, or directors who are neither seen...
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The Relationship Between Corporate Governance Characteristics and Credit Exposure in Banks
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rose, Caspar
2017-01-01
estate loans. By employing quantitative governance variables the article finds that increased executive director remuneration is associated with increased credit risk posed by the bank’s borrowers. On the other hand, increasing the number of executive/“inside” directors is associated with a lower credit...... executive director remuneration. The policy implication is that financial authorities should be increasingly aware of insufficient corporate governance characteristics in order to prevent excessive credit risk exposure. Moreover, the article provides important insights on which corporate governance...... the “Supervision Diamond” introduced by the Danish FSA, which “external” board directors must address. It contains five thresholds for measuring a bank’s exposure to credit risks i.e. the proportion of large customers, lending growth, the ratio of lending/deposits, liquidity buffer and the proportion of real...
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El impacto de la crisis en la manipulación contable
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Susana Callao Gastón
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Basándonos en los grupos cotizados en el mercado español, el presente trabajo aporta evidencia empírica sobre el impacto de la crisis en las prácticas de earnings management. Utilizamos los ajustes por devengo discrecionales como medida de manipulación. Los resultados obtenidos constatan que la calidad de la información financiera se ve afectada en periodos de crisis, ya que ponen de manifiesto que la manipulación al alza del resultado vía ajustes por devengo discrecionales se ha visto incrementada ante las dificultades económicas y financieras. Esto es debido no a la crisis en sí misma, sino a que la crisis ha reforzado la importancia de algunos incentivos para manipular, como es el endeudamiento.
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Perfis de carreira: exploração vocacional, adaptação acadêmica e personalidade
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Liliana Faria
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Este estudio analiza la relación entre los procesos de exploración de carreras, el ajuste académico y la personalidad, para identificar perfiles de carrera. Han par - ticipado 115 estudiantes, 72 mujeres y 43 hombres, del primer ciclo de la edu - cación superior portugués. Se aplicó el Career Exploration Survey, el Academic Adjustment Questionnaire y el The Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Se han identificado dos perfiles diferentes de actividad y de experiencia de carreras. El perfil conformista que muestra niveles negativos de creencias, comportamientos y reacciones de la exploración. Por otro lado, el perfil constructivo presenta niveles positivos en todos los aspectos de la exploración y ajuste académico, y sólo un factor de conscienciosidad positivo.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Machado, Wagner de Lara
2014-01-01
Full Text Available As propriedades psicométricas de Marcadores Reduzidos no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores da Personalidade, contendo 25 itens, foram investigadas por meio de análises fatoriais exploratórias e do modelo de Teoria de Resposta ao Item Rating Scale. Participaram do estudo 887 estudantes de graduação (média de idade = 28,41, SD = 9,71. O modelo de cinco fatores oblíquos demonstrou melhor ajuste aos dados. Os itens das cinco escalas mostraram ajuste ao modelo de mensuração Rating Scale, apesar da pequena amplitude dos parâmetros de dificuldade dos itens. Os resultados fornecem evidências de validade de construto e estimativas de fidedignidade para a nova medida reduzida para a avaliação da personalidade no Brasil
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The 'pay ratio' provision of the Dodd-Frank Act 2010 and presentation of the Paulo–Le Roux Index
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Stanley Paulo
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Orientation: This article addresses the issues of executive remuneration and whether it was excessive or not. Research purpose: On 05 August 2015, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC adopted a rule to operationalise Section 953(b of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 2010 (Dodd-Frank or the Dodd-Frank Act 2010, the ‘pay ratio provision’, as part of a process to ensure sound corporate governance and shed light on assertions that corporate executive remuneration was excessive and detrimental to the economic wellbeing of the USA. This pay ratio rule will be operative starting from 2017 and requires public firms to publish the ratio of chief executive officer (CEO remuneration to the median remuneration of all its employees. Hence, it is a measure of income distribution. It does not reveal the relationship between executive compensation and the value added to the firm by executives. In anticipation of this rule becoming mandatory and as part of a quest to quantify the value of executives to the firm, Paulo and Le Roux (2014 developed an approach to measure the value executives add to the firm, drawing from audited financial statements and thereby demonstrating that the value added by executive management could be measured according to the requirements of sound research methodology and rigorous epistemology. Motivation for the study: Statutory enactment of the pay ratio provision provided the impetus to create an index, the Paulo–Le Roux Index, that shows how much executives are paid in relation to how much value they add to the firm. Research design, approach and method: Paulo and Le Roux (2014 developed an approach to measure the value executives add to the firm, drawing from audited financial statements and thereby demonstrating that the value added by executive management could be measured according to the requirements of sound research methodology and rigorous epistemology. Statutory enactment of the
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Summaries of completed Access to Information requests in 2017 ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
including but not limited to senior management positions) on an annual basis over the past 5 years. 2. All documents, policy, directives and guidelines describing how annual increases and performance remuneration is established for IDRC ...
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Managerial and Professional Employees in Britain.
Snape, Edward J.; Bamber, Greg J.
1987-01-01
Discusses the following aspects of British managers and professionals: (1) who they are, (2) employment trends, (3) demographic characteristics, (4) education and development; (5) careers and human resource management, (6) remuneration, and (7) unionization. (CH)
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29 CFR 4.188 - Ineligibility for further contracts when violations occur.
2010-07-01
...” will be deemed to exist. Similarly, where a person is an officer or director in a firm or the debarred...-sharing, or other basis of remuneration, including indirect compensation by virtue of family relationships...
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7 CFR 1980.302 - Definitions and abbreviations.
2010-01-01
... of years but has during such years worked primarily without remuneration to care for the home and... custody of one or more minor children or is pregnant. State Director. Director of RHS programs within a...
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26 CFR 31.3306(i)-1 - Who are employees.
2010-04-01
... to receive, directly or indirectly, any remuneration is considered not to be an employee of the corporation. A director of a corporation in his capacity as such is not an employee of the corporation. (f...
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African Journals Online (AJOL)
Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 1 doctor for every 1 000 ... poor remuneration are among the factors that have made recruitment and ... 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, ...
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Osaro, Erhabor; Chima, Njemanze
2014-06-01
The National Health Service (NHS) is a term used to describe the publicly funded healthcare delivery system providing quality healthcare services in the United Kingdom. There are several challenges militating against the effective laboratory service delivery in the NHS in England. Biomedical scientists work in healthcare to diagnose disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment through the analysis of body fluids and tissue samples from patients. They provide the "engine room" of modern medicine with 70% of diagnosis based on the laboratory results generated by them. This review involved the search of literature for information on working condition of biomedical scientist in the NHS in England. Laboratory service delivery in the NHS in England faces numerous daunting challenges; staffing levels in the last few years have become dangerously low, less remunerated, relatively less experienced and predominantly band 5's, multidisciplinary rather than specialty based, associated with working more unsocial hours without adequate recovery time, de-banding of staff, high staff turnaround, profit and cost driven rather than quality. These factors has resulted in burn out, low morale, high sickness absences, increased error rate, poor team spirit, diminished productivity and suboptimal laboratory service delivery. There is the urgent need to retract our steps on unpopular policies to ensure that patient care is not compromised by ensuring adequate staffing level and mix, ensuring adequate remuneration of laboratory staff, implementing evidenced-based specialty oriented service, determining the root cause/s for the high staff turnover and implementing corrective action, identifying other potential sources of waste in the system rather than pruning the already dangerously low staffing levels and promoting a quality delivery side by side cost effectiveness.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
P. Gil
2013-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: La percepción de profundidad se hace imprescindible en muchas tareas de manipulación, control visual y navegación de robots. Las cámaras de tiempo de vuelo (ToF: Time of Flight generan imágenes de rango que proporcionan medidas de profundidad en tiempo real. No obstante, el parámetro distancia que calculan estas cámaras es fuertemente dependiente del tiempo de integración que se configura en el sensor y de la frecuencia de modulación empleada por el sistema de iluminación que integran. En este artÃculo, se presenta una metodologÃa para el ajuste adaptativo del tiempo de integración y un análisis experimental del comportamiento de una cámara ToF cuando se modifica la frecuencia de modulación. Este método ha sido probado con éxito en algoritmos de control visual con arquitectura âeye-in-handâ donde el sistema sensorial está compuesto por una cámara ToF. Además, la misma metodologÃa puede ser aplicada en otros escenarios de trabajo. Abstract: The depth perception is essential in many manipulation tasks, visual inspection and robot navigation. The cameras of Time of Flight (TOF generate range images which provide depth measurements in real time. However, the distance parameter computed from these cameras is strongly dependent on the integration time set for the sensor and the frequency of modulation used by the integrated lighting system. In this paper, a methodology for automatic setting of integration time and an experimental analysis of ToF camera behavior adjusting its modulation frequency is presented. This method has been successfully tested on visual servoing algorithms with architecture âeye-in-handâ in which the sensory system consists of a ToF camera, in addition this methodology can be applied to other workspaces and scenarios. Palabras clave: Tiempo de vuelo, calibración, imagen de rango, percepción robótica, cámaras 3D, Keywords
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ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Hp 630 Dual Core
To counteract this shortage, many countries are developing or expanding local training programs, both at ... East Africa and Europe. In 2011, the ... workload, work-life balance during the training and remuneration after training. Further studies ...
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Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Deans of Schools of Nursing.
Lamborn, Marilyn L.
1991-01-01
Responses from 335 of 595 deans of nursing schools found monetary remunerations and benefits related to job satisfaction and motivation. Long tenure in prestigious universities was also significant. Motivation and job satisfaction were significantly interrelated. (SK)
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26 CFR 31.3402(h)(1)-1 - Withholding on basis of average wages.
2010-04-01
... amounts deducted from an employee's remuneration in excess of the correct amount of tax, see § 31.6413(a... director, to disclose the factors upon which he relied in making the estimate, and his reasons for...
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Search Results | Page 165 | IDRC - International Development ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
Enhancing the Effectiveness of ICT Applications and Tools for Disaster ... Open business is a different way of doing business related to information, knowledge ... role of being either the primary incentive or the primary source of remuneration.
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AFRREV IJAH, Vol.3 (2) April, 2014
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Austin
2014-04-10
Apr 10, 2014 ... on and it is based on this that a binding relationship is built between the public .... structure of economic organization of the character of occupational ..... pressure, inadequacy of equipment‟s and poor remunerations were.
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26 CFR 31.3306(b)(9)-1 - Moving expenses.
2010-04-01
... expenses. (a) The term “wages” does not include remuneration paid on or after November 1, 1964, to or on... director or the courts finally to establish that a deduction is allowable under section 217. The reasonable...
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5 CFR 5501.106 - Outside employment and other outside activities.
2010-01-01
... designations in § 5501.102; or (iii) Provide services to a non-Federal entity as an officer, director, or board... form of remuneration tendered in cash or in-kind in connection with the proposed activity) from the...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Óscar Peláez Herreros
2013-01-01
Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to analyze the relevance of remittances in the economic structure of the households in Chiapas, as well as the use of them, with the intention of knowing the extent they help to the economic reproduction in the state. To do this, first we review the theoretical discussion on the conceptualization of these transfers and their ability to act as a lever of economic development. Then, with data from the ENIGH 2010, we calculate the proportion of households receiving remittances and the relationship of these transfers with the levels and structures of income and expenditure of families, finding that remittances tend to replace the labor remunerations that households lose when a member goes abroad. Also, it is found that, in the short term, a significant proportion of remittances go to savings.
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Occupational care giving conditions and human rights: A study of elderly caregivers in Botswana
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Simon Kangethe
2010-01-01
Full Text Available The article aims to explore and discuss the occupational care giving conditions pitting them against human rights. The article′s objective is to initiate discussions and generate literature pertaining to occupational care giving load and assessing the human rights challenge it poses. The article uses analysis of the literature review from an array of eclectic data sources. The following factors were found besetting the caregivers′ human rights: (1 Aging; (2 Cultural and community attitudes towards care giving; (3 Risk of contagion; (4 Health hazards and lack of compensation. Recommendations: (1 Adoption of grandparents/grandchildren care symbiosis system; (2 Government remuneration policy for caregivers; (3 Mainstreaming of gender education to encourage men and youth develop an interest in care giving; (4 Institution of laws and policies by countries to provide for the compensation of caregivers′ occupational hazards and risks.
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CEO pay-performance sensitivity in the South African context
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mark Bussin
2015-05-01
Full Text Available The topic of executive pay-performance sensitivity has resulted in mixed research findings. Literature related to executive remuneration constructs, company performance measures and the underlying theories is critically reviewed in this article. The literature is compared to research findings within the South African context pre, during and post the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The researcher found similar results in the South African context compared to research in other countries and industries. The research challenges the notion that there is one dominant theory driving CEO compensation. The principal-agent theory, supported by the optimal contract theory, are foremost during periods of strong economic performance, while the influence of managerial power and other behavioural theories appear to prevail during periods of weak economic performance. This article proposes some critical considerations in order to manage this tension.
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Economics of oil regulation and the Brazilian reform. Some issues
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hernandez-Perez, Adriana [Center for Economics and Oil Studies, IBRE/Fundacao Getulio Vargas (Brazil)
2011-01-15
This paper reviews the economic fundamentals for regulation in the oil industry, with a focus on the current regulatory proposal for the Brazilian oil industry. The observed exploration and production (E and P) contracts foresee much of the characteristics of the optimal contract, with a remuneration structure that combines upfront with future payments to mitigate uncertainty and incentivize exploratory efforts. In Brazil, despite slow market deconcentration since 1997's liberalization, the current oil regulation is in general consistent with an optimal regulatory response. From an economic standpoint, the 2009's new regulatory proposal prompted by the major oil discoveries offshore in Brazil reduces the power of incentive schemes with respect to exploratory and cost-reducing efforts while the changes in the net risk of the E and P offshore activities are not so clear. (author)
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Motivation and job satisfaction among medical and nursing staff in a Cyprus public general hospital.
Lambrou, Persefoni; Kontodimopoulos, Nick; Niakas, Dimitris
2010-11-16
The objective of this study was to investigate how medical and nursing staff of the Nicosia General Hospital is affected by specific motivation factors, and the association between job satisfaction and motivation. Furthermore, to determine the motivational drive of socio-demographic and job related factors in terms of improving work performance. A previously developed and validated instrument addressing four work-related motivators (job attributes, remuneration, co-workers and achievements) was used. Two categories of health care professionals, medical doctors and dentists (N = 67) and nurses (N = 219) participated and motivation and job satisfaction was compared across socio-demographic and occupational variables. The survey revealed that achievements was ranked first among the four main motivators, followed by remuneration, co-workers and job attributes. The factor remuneration revealed statistically significant differences according to gender, and hospital sector, with female doctors and nurses and accident and emergency (A+E) outpatient doctors reporting greater mean scores (p job satisfaction compared to the nursing staff. Surgical sector nurses and those >55 years of age reported higher job satisfaction when compared to the other groups. The results are in agreement with the literature which focuses attention to management approaches employing both monetary and non-monetary incentives to motivate health care professionals. Health care professionals tend to be motivated more by intrinsic factors, implying that this should be a target for effective employee motivation. Strategies based on the survey's results to enhance employee motivation are suggested.
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Motivation and job satisfaction among medical and nursing staff in a Cyprus public general hospital
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kontodimopoulos Nick
2010-11-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate how medical and nursing staff of the Nicosia General Hospital is affected by specific motivation factors, and the association between job satisfaction and motivation. Furthermore, to determine the motivational drive of socio-demographic and job related factors in terms of improving work performance. Methods A previously developed and validated instrument addressing four work-related motivators (job attributes, remuneration, co-workers and achievements was used. Two categories of health care professionals, medical doctors and dentists (N = 67 and nurses (N = 219 participated and motivation and job satisfaction was compared across socio-demographic and occupational variables. Results The survey revealed that achievements was ranked first among the four main motivators, followed by remuneration, co-workers and job attributes. The factor remuneration revealed statistically significant differences according to gender, and hospital sector, with female doctors and nurses and accident and emergency (A+E outpatient doctors reporting greater mean scores (p 55 years of age reported higher job satisfaction when compared to the other groups. Conclusions The results are in agreement with the literature which focuses attention to management approaches employing both monetary and non-monetary incentives to motivate health care professionals. Health care professionals tend to be motivated more by intrinsic factors, implying that this should be a target for effective employee motivation. Strategies based on the survey's results to enhance employee motivation are suggested.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Karim Pardo
2011-06-01
components during 2008 and 2009 with both professional and technical personnel of the Ministry of Health (MINSA and the Social Insurance (EsSalud in Peru. The salary structure was primarily evaluated considering incentives, bonuses and other remunerations according to position, type of contract and work place. Results. Remuneration and bonus policies at the national level are determined by the responsibilities and amount of time served. The type of contract is determined by the programs of the public system (DL 276 and the private system (DL 728, also by the Special Program of Contract Services Administration (CAS and exclusively in MINSA contracting is determined by local health administration Committees (CLAS. The salary structure differs between both types of institutions, especially with respect to incentives and benefits. An special economic incentive for assistance (AETA is unique to MINSA, but the proportion of assistance varies by region. The professionals of MINSA have lower salaries than those of EsSalud, in all types of contracts. A professional contracted through CAS generally has a lower salary than staff peers in MINSA, though this situation is reversed in EsSalud. The lowest salaries are found in contracts made through CLAS. Conclusions. The structure and salary amounts differ between MINSA and EsSalud, just as they differ by existing contracting types.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vielka Jeanethe Castañeda-Bustos
2009-11-01
Full Text Available La producción de leche de cabra constituye una fuente muy importante de ingresos para los productores en las regiones áridas y semiáridas de México. Sin embargo, hay información limitada en México sobre caracterización de las curvas de producción de la leche y sus componentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las curvas de lactancia y sus componentes (sólidos totales, grasa, proteÃna en cabras F1 Alpina x Nubia del altiplano Potosino, utilizando tres modelos matemáticos. Se evaluaron los modelos monofásico, difásico y gamma incompleta, considerando como criterios de ajuste el cuadrado medio del error, pseudo R2, criterio de información de Akaike, criterio de información Bayesiano y -2 veces el logaritmo de la verosimilitud. Para la caracterización de la curva de producción de leche el modelo difásico fue el más consistente en todos los criterios de ajuste, por lo que resultó más útil que los modelos monofásico y gamma incompleta. Para las curvas de los componentes de la leche, el mejor ajuste correspondió al modelo gamma incompleto.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wilson Manuel Castro Silupu
2015-12-01
Full Text Available La presente investigación se enfocó en el desarrollo de modelos de predicción del color en coordenadas CIELab y el contenido de humedad de café cerezo mediante la tecnología de imágenes hiperespectrales; comparando el ajuste por un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple – PLSR (Partialleastsquareregression y un modelo no lineal (ANN – artiftial neural network. La muestra se conformó de 200 granos de café cerezo en diferentes estados de madurez, dividiéndola en 120 granos para calibración y 80 de validación.La muestra fue caracterizada mediante colorimetría en el espacio CIELab y determinación de la humedad. Posteriormente se adquirieron imágenes hiperespectrales de cada granos y se almacenaron en formato *.bil. El procesamiento de las imágenes se realizó mediante un sistema desarrollado e implementado en el software matemático Matlab 2010a, mediante funciones *.m e interfaces de usuario (GUIs. Se desarrollaron modelos de ajuste para cada una de las coordenadas de color y el contenido de humedad, calculándose los coeficientes de correlación en calibración y validación. Los resultados mostraron que las redes neuronales tienen un mayor ajuste en calibración con coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0,90 mientras que el PLSR genero coeficientes entre 0,42 y 0,48.