Six-point remainder function in multi-Regge-kinematics: an efficient approach in momentum space

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Broedel, Johannes [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich,Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland); Institut für Mathematik und Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Sprenger, Martin [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich,Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)

2016-05-10

Starting from the known all-order expressions for the BFKL eigenvalue and impact factor, we establish a formalism allowing the direct calculation of the six-point remainder function in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory in momentum space to — in principle — all orders in perturbation theory. Based upon identities which relate different integrals contributing to the inverse Fourier-Mellin transform recursively, the formalism allows to easily access the full remainder function in multi-Regge kinematics up to 7 loops and up to 10 loops in the fourth logarithmic order. Using the formalism, we prove the all-loop formula for the leading logarithmic approximation proposed by Pennington and investigate the behavior of several newly calculated functions.

Quantum geometry in dynamical Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagura, Hiroyuki

2002-01-01

We study geometric properties of dynamical Regge calculus which is a hybridization of dynamical triangulation and quantum Regge calculus. Lattice diffeomorphisms are generated by certain elementary moves on a simplicial lattice in the hybrid model. At the semiclassical level, we discuss a possibility that the lattice diffeomorphisms give a simple explanation for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a black hole. At the quantum level, numerical calculations of 3D pure gravity show that a fractal structure of the hybrid model is the same as that of dynamical triangulation in the strong-coupling phase. In the weak-coupling phase, on the other hand, space-time becomes a spiky configuration, which often occurs in quantum Regge calculus

Affine connection form of Regge calculus

Science.gov (United States)

Khatsymovsky, V. M.

2016-12-01

Regge action is represented analogously to how the Palatini action for general relativity (GR) as some functional of the metric and a general connection as independent variables represents the Einstein-Hilbert action. The piecewise flat (or simplicial) spacetime of Regge calculus is equipped with some world coordinates and some piecewise affine metric which is completely defined by the set of edge lengths and the world coordinates of the vertices. The conjugate variables are the general nondegenerate matrices on the three-simplices which play the role of a general discrete connection. Our previous result on some representation of the Regge calculus action in terms of the local Euclidean (Minkowsky) frame vectors and orthogonal connection matrices as independent variables is somewhat modified for the considered case of the general linear group GL(4, R) of the connection matrices. As a result, we have some action invariant w.r.t. arbitrary change of coordinates of the vertices (and related GL(4, R) transformations in the four-simplices). Excluding GL(4, R) connection from this action via the equations of motion we have exactly the Regge action for the considered spacetime.

Boundary actions in Ponzano-Regge discretization, Quantum groups and AdS(3)

OpenAIRE

O'Loughlin, Martin

2000-01-01

Boundary actions for three-dimensional quantum gravity in the discretized formalism of Ponzano-Regge are studied with a view towards understanding the boundary degrees of freedom. These degrees of freedom postulated in the holography hypothesis are supposed to be characteristic of quantum gravity theories. In particular it is expected that some of these degrees of freedom reside on black hole horizons. This paper is a study of these ideas in the context of a theory of quantum gravity that req...

Construction of multi-Regge amplitudes by the Van Hove--Durand method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morrow, R.A.

1978-01-01

The Van Hove--Durand method of deriving Regge amplitudes by summing Feynman tree diagrams is extended to the multi-Regge domain. Using previously developed vertex functions for particles of arbitrary spins, single-, double-, and triple-Regge amplitudes incorporating signature are obtained. Criteria necessary to arrive at unique Regge-pole terms are found. It is also shown how external spins can be included

The perturbative Regge-calculus regime of loop quantum gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bianchi, Eugenio; Modesto, Leonardo

2008-01-01

The relation between loop quantum gravity and Regge calculus has been pointed out many times in the literature. In particular the large spin asymptotics of the Barrett-Crane vertex amplitude is known to be related to the Regge action. In this paper we study a semiclassical regime of loop quantum gravity and show that it admits an effective description in terms of perturbative area-Regge-calculus. The regime of interest is identified by a class of states given by superpositions of four-valent spin networks, peaked on large spins. As a probe of the dynamics in this regime, we compute explicitly two- and three-area correlation functions at the vertex amplitude level. We find that they match with the ones computed perturbatively in area-Regge-calculus with a single 4-simplex, once a specific perturbative action and measure have been chosen in the Regge-calculus path integral. Correlations of other geometric operators and the existence of this regime for other models for the dynamics are briefly discussed

Area Regge calculus and discontinuous metrics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wainwright, Chris; Williams, Ruth M

2004-01-01

Taking the triangle areas as independent variables in the theory of Regge calculus can lead to ambiguities in the edge lengths, which can be interpreted as discontinuities in the metric. We construct solutions to area Regge calculus using a triangulated lattice and find that on a spacelike or timelike hypersurface no such discontinuity can arise. On a null hypersurface however, we can have such a situation and the resulting metric can be interpreted as a so-called refractive wave

On the two-dimensional model of quantum Regge gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatsimovskij, V.M.

1991-01-01

The Ashtekar-like variables are introduced in the Regge calculus. A simplified model of the resulting theory is quantized canonically. The consequences related to quantization of Regge areas are obtained. 10 refs

Length expectation values in quantum Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatsymovsky, V.M.

2004-01-01

Regge calculus configuration superspace can be embedded into a more general superspace where the length of any edge is defined ambiguously depending on the 4-tetrahedron containing the edge. Moreover, the latter superspace can be extended further so that even edge lengths in each the 4-tetrahedron are not defined, only area tensors of the 2-faces in it are. We make use of our previous result concerning quantization of the area tensor Regge calculus which gives finite expectation values for areas. Also our result is used showing that quantum measure in the Regge calculus can be uniquely fixed once we know quantum measure on (the space of the functionals on) the superspace of the theory with ambiguously defined edge lengths. We find that in this framework quantization of the usual Regge calculus is defined up to a parameter. The theory may possess nonzero (of the order of Planck scale) or zero length expectation values depending on whether this parameter is larger or smaller than a certain value. Vanishing length expectation values means that the theory is becoming continuous, here dynamically in the originally discrete framework

Heptagon amplitude in the multi-Regge regime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.

2014-05-01

As we have shown in previous work, the high energy limit of scattering amplitudes in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory corresponds to the infrared limit of the 1-dimensional quantum integrable system that solves minimal area problems in AdS 5 . This insight can be developed into a systematic algorithm to compute the strong coupling limit of amplitudes in the multi-Regge regime through the solution of auxiliary Bethe Ansatz equations. We apply this procedure to compute the scattering amplitude for n=7 external gluons in different multi-Regge regions at infinite 't Hooft coupling. Our formulas are remarkably consistent with the expected form of 7-gluon Regge cut contributions in perturbative gauge theory. A full description of the general algorithm and a derivation of results is given in a forthcoming paper.

Towards understanding Regge trajectories in holographic QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cata, Oscar

2007-01-01

We reassess a work done by Migdal on the spectrum of low-energy vector mesons in QCD in the light of the anti-de Sitter (AdS)-QCD correspondence. Recently, a tantalizing parallelism was suggested between Migdal's work and a family of holographic duals of QCD. Despite the intriguing similarities, both approaches face a major drawback: the spectrum is in conflict with well-tested Regge scaling. However, it has recently been shown that holographic duals can be modified to accommodate Regge behavior. Therefore, it is interesting to understand whether Regge behavior can also be achieved in Migdal's approach. In this paper we investigate this issue. We find that Migdal's approach, which is based on a modified Pade approximant, is closely related to the issue of quark-hadron duality breakdown in QCD

Analytic structure of the n=7 scattering amplitude in N=4 SYM theory in multi-Regge kinematics. Conformal Regge cut contribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, Jochen; Kormilitzin, Andrey; Oxford Univ.; Lipatov, Lev N.; Oxford Univ.; St. Petersburg State Univ.

2014-11-01

In this second part of our investigation of the analytic structure of the 2→5 scattering amplitude in the planar limit of N=4 SYM in multi-Regge kinematics we compute, in all kinematic regions, the Regge cut contributions in leading order. The results are infrared finite and conformally invariant.

Factorization of the six-particle multi-Regge amplitude

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moen, I.O.

1975-01-01

It is shown that factorization of the multi-Regge contribution to the six-particle amplitude follows from the complex-helicity-plane structure, the Steinmann relations, and extended unitarity. The six-particle multi-Regge amplitude also satisfies some new discontinuity relations which are interpreted as resulting from the interplay of singularities required by the Gram-determinant constraint in four-dimensional space-time

Feynman path integral in area tensor Regge calculus and positivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatsymovsky, V.M.

2004-01-01

The versions of quantum measure in the area tensor Regge calculus constructed in the previous paper are studied on the simplest configurations of the system. These are found to be positively defined in the Euclidean case on physical surface corresponding to the ordinary Regge calculus (but not outside this surface), that is, adopt probabilistic interpretation. (Since Euclidean measure is defined via analytical continuation, positivity is not evident property.) An argument for positivity on physical surface on general configurations of area tensor Regge calculus is given

Multi-Regge limit of the n-gluon bubble ansatz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartels, J. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Schomerus, V.; Sprenger, M. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

2012-07-15

We investigate n-gluon scattering amplitudes in the multi-Regge region of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. Through a careful analysis of the thermodynamic bubble ansatz (TBA) for surfaces in AdS{sub 5} with n-g(lu)on boundary conditions we demonstrate that the multi-Regge limit probes the large volume regime of the TBA. In reaching the multi-Regge regime we encounter wall-crossing in the TBA for all n>6. Our results imply that there exists an auxiliary system of algebraic Bethe ansatz equations which encode valuable information on the analytical structure of amplitudes at strong coupling.

Initial data for time-symmetric gravitational radiation using Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dubal, M.R.

1989-01-01

We apply Regge calculus to the construction of initial data for Brill waves: axisymmetric non-rotating vacuum solutions of Einstein's equation. The Regge calculus solutions are compared with those of the continuum theory, with encouraging results. (author)

Regge asymptotics of scattering with flavour exchange in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirschner, R.

1994-06-01

The contribution to the perturbative Regge asymptotics of the exchange of two reggeized fermions with opposite helicity is investigated. The methods of conformal symmetry known for the case of gluon exchange are extended to this case where double-logarithmic contributions dominate the asymptotics. The Regge trajectories at large momentum transfer are calculated. (orig.)

Magnitude of regge cut contributions in the triple-regge region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Kramer, G.

1976-09-01

Starting from the reggeon calculus, the various possibilities of absorptive Pomeron cut corrections in the triple-Regge region are considered. For the case of pp→pX, we estimate their importance at present day energies. We conclude that at highest ISR energies Pomeron cuts of the eikonal type are not enough, and enhanced diagrams with at least one additional triple Pomeron coupling need to be included. (orig.) [de

Dynamical Regge calculus as lattice gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagura, Hiroyuki

2001-01-01

We propose a hybrid approach to lattice quantum gravity by combining simultaneously the dynamical triangulation with the Regge calculus, called the dynamical Regge calculus (DRC). In this approach lattice diffeomorphism is realized as an exact symmetry by some hybrid (k, l) moves on the simplicial lattice. Numerical study of 3D pure gravity shows that an entropy of the DRC is not exponetially bounded if we adopt the uniform measure Π i dl i . On the other hand, using the scale-invariant measure Π i dl i /l i , we can calculate observables and observe a large hysteresis between two phases that indicates the first-order nature of the phase transition

The quantization of Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rocek, M.; Williams, R.M.; Cambridge Univ.

1984-01-01

We discuss the quantization of Regge's discrete description of Einstein's theory of gravitation. We show how the continuum theory emerges in the weak field long wavelength limit. We also discuss reparametrizations and conformal transformations. (orig.)

From lattice BF gauge theory to area-angle Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonzom, Valentin

2009-01-01

We consider Riemannian 4D BF lattice gauge theory, on a triangulation of spacetime. Introducing the simplicity constraints which turn BF theory into simplicial gravity, some geometric quantities of Regge calculus, areas, and 3D and 4D dihedral angles, are identified. The parallel transport conditions are taken care of to ensure a consistent gluing of simplices. We show that these gluing relations, together with the simplicity constraints, contain the constraints of area-angle Regge calculus in a simple way, via the group structure of the underlying BF gauge theory. This provides a precise road from constrained BF theory to area-angle Regge calculus. Doing so, a framework combining variables of lattice BF theory and Regge calculus is built. The action takes a form a la Regge and includes the contribution of the Immirzi parameter. In the absence of simplicity constraints, the standard spin foam model for BF theory is recovered. Insertions of local observables are investigated, leading to Casimir insertions for areas and reproducing for 3D angles known results obtained through angle operators on spin networks. The present formulation is argued to be suitable for deriving spin foam models from discrete path integrals and to unravel their geometric content.

Regge poles and alpha scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ceuleneer, R.

1974-01-01

The direct Regge pole model as a means of describing resonances in elastic particle scattering has been used for the analysis of the so-called ''anormalous large angle scattering'' of alpha particles by spinless nuclei. (Z.M.)

Discrete gravity as a local theory of the Poincare group in the first-order formalism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gionti, Gabriele [Vatican Observatory Research Group, Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Specola Vaticana, V-00120 Citta Del Vaticano (Vatican City State, Holy See,)

2005-10-21

A discrete theory of gravity, locally invariant under the Poincare group, is considered as in a companion paper. We define a first-order theory, in the sense of Palatini, on the metric-dual Voronoi complex of a simplicial complex. We follow the same spirit as the continuum theory of general relativity in the Cartan formalism. The field equations are carefully derived taking in account the constraints of the theory. They look very similar to first-order Einstein continuum equations in the Cartan formalism. It is shown that in the limit of small deficit angles these equations have Regge calculus, locally, as the only solution. A quantum measure is easily defined which does not suffer the ambiguities of Regge calculus, and a coupling with fermionic matter is easily introduced.

Discrete gravity as a local theory of the Poincare group in the first-order formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gionti, Gabriele

2005-01-01

A discrete theory of gravity, locally invariant under the Poincare group, is considered as in a companion paper. We define a first-order theory, in the sense of Palatini, on the metric-dual Voronoi complex of a simplicial complex. We follow the same spirit as the continuum theory of general relativity in the Cartan formalism. The field equations are carefully derived taking in account the constraints of the theory. They look very similar to first-order Einstein continuum equations in the Cartan formalism. It is shown that in the limit of small deficit angles these equations have Regge calculus, locally, as the only solution. A quantum measure is easily defined which does not suffer the ambiguities of Regge calculus, and a coupling with fermionic matter is easily introduced

Semiclassical regime of Regge calculus and spin foams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bianchi, Eugenio; Satz, Alejandro

2009-01-01

Recent attempts to recover the graviton propagator from spin foam models involve the use of a boundary quantum state peaked on a classical geometry. The question arises whether beyond the case of a single simplex this suffices for peaking the interior geometry in a semiclassical configuration. In this paper we explore this issue in the context of quantum Regge calculus with a general triangulation. Via a stationary phase approximation, we show that the boundary state succeeds in peaking the interior in the appropriate configuration, and that boundary correlations can be computed order by order in an asymptotic expansion. Further, we show that if we replace at each simplex the exponential of the Regge action by its cosine-as expected from the semiclassical limit of spin foam models-then the contribution from the sign-reversed terms is suppressed in the semiclassical regime and the results match those of conventional Regge calculus

Regge calculus and observations. II. Further applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, R.M.; Ellis, G.F.R.

1983-03-01

The method, developed in an earlier paper, for tracing geodesics of particles and light rays through Regge calculus space-times, is applied to a number of problems in the Schwarschild geometry. It is possible to obtain accurate predictions of light-bending by taking sufficiently small Regge blocks. Calculations of perihelion precession, Thomas precession and the distortion of a ball of fluid moving on a geodesic can also show good agreement with the analytic solution. However difficulties arise in obtaining accurate predictions for general orbits in these space-times. Applications to other problems in general relativity are discussed briefly. (author)

Regge calculus and observations. II. Further applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Ruth M.; Ellis, G. F. R.

1984-11-01

The method, developed in an earlier paper, for tracing geodesies of particles and light rays through Regge calculus space-times, is applied to a number of problems in the Schwarzschild geometry. It is possible to obtain accurate predictions of light bending by taking sufficiently small Regge blocks. Calculations of perihelion precession, Thomas precession, and the distortion of a ball of fluid moving on a geodesic can also show good agreement with the analytic solution. However difficulties arise in obtaining accurate predictions for general orbits in these space-times. Applications to other problems in general relativity are discussed briefly.

High energy production of gluons in a quasi-multi-Regge kinematics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fadin, V.S.; Lipatov, L.N.

1989-01-01

Inelastic gluon-gluon scattering amplitudes in the Born approximation for the quasi-multi-Regge kinematics are calculated, starting with the Veneziano-type expression for the inelastic amplitude of the gluon-tachyon scattering with its subsequent simplification in the region of large energies and the Regge slope α'→0. Results obtained allow one to determine the high order corrections to the gluon Regge trajectory, the reggeon-particle vertices and to the integral kernel of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the vacuum t-channel partial waves. 10 refs.; 7 figs

Regge trajectories for heavy quarkonia from the quadratic form of the spinless Salpeter-type equation

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jiao-Kai

2018-03-01

In this paper, we present one new form of the Regge trajectories for heavy quarkonia which is obtained from the quadratic form of the spinless Salpeter-type equation (QSSE) by employing the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization approach. The obtained Regge trajectories take the parameterized form M^2={β }({c_l}l+{π }n_r+c_0)^{2/3}+c_1, which are different from the present Regge trajectories. Then we apply the obtained Regge trajectories to fit the spectra of charmonia and bottomonia. The fitted Regge trajectories are in good agreement with the experimental data and the theoretical predictions.

Radial and Regge excitations in unified, grand unified and subconstituent models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schnitzer, H.J.

1981-01-01

Necessary group theoretic conditions for all elementary gauge bosons and fermions of an arbitrary renormalizable gauge theory to lie on Regge trajectories are reviewed. It is then argued that in properly unified gauge theories all particles of a given spin lie on Regge trajectories. This then implies that a properly unified gauge theory has no local U(1) factor groups, and no massive fermion singlets. A consideration of the general pattern of Regge and radial recurrences to be expected in quantum field theories suggests that the presence or absence of spin 3/2 quarks and/or leptons in the TeV region will provide crucial clues to enable one to distinguish between various classes of unified, grand unified, and subconstituent models. The correct interpretation of such excited fermions will require correlation with the higgs boson mass and possible radial and Regge excitations of the weak vector bosons. (orig.)

Regge-plus-resonance predictions for charged-kaon photoproduction from the deuteron

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Van Cauteren T.

2010-04-01

Full Text Available We present a Regge-inspired effective-Lagrangian framework for charged-kaon photoproduction from the deuteron. Quasi-free kaon production is investigated using the Regge-plus-resonance elementary operator within the non-relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation. The Regge-plus-resonance model was developed to describe photoinduced and electroinduced kaon production off protons and can be extended to strangeness production off neutrons. The non-resonant contributions to the amplitude are modelled in terms of K+ (494 and K*+ (892 Regge-trajectory exchange in the t-channel. This amplitude is supplemented with a selection of s-channel resonance-exchange diagrams. We investigate several sources of theoretical uncertainties on the semi-inclusive charged-kaon production cross section. The experimental error bars on the photocoupling helicity amplitudes turn out to put severe limits on the predictive power when considering quasi-free kaon production on a bound neutron.

Ostrogradski approach for the Regge-Teitelboim type cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cordero, Ruben; Molgado, Alberto; Rojas, Efrain

2009-01-01

We present an alternative geometric inspired derivation of the quantum cosmology arising from a brane universe in the context of geodetic gravity. We set up the Regge-Teitelboim model to describe our universe, and we recover its original dynamics by thinking of such field theory as a second-order derivative theory. We refer to an Ostrogradski Hamiltonian formalism to prepare the system to its quantization. Our analysis highlights the second-order derivative nature of the RT model and the inherited geometrical aspect of the theory. A canonical transformation brings us to the internal physical geometry of the theory and induces its quantization straightforwardly. By using the Dirac canonical quantization method our approach comprises the management of both first- and second-class constraints where the counting of degrees of freedom follows accordingly. At the quantum level our Wheeler-De Witt equation agrees with previous results recently found. On these lines, we also comment upon the compatibility of our approach with the Hamiltonian approach proposed by Davidson and coworkers.

Wilson loop OPE, analytic continuation and multi-Regge limit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hatsuda, Yasuyuki

2014-05-01

We explore a direct connection between the collinear limit and the multi-Regge limit for scattering amplitudes in the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. Starting with the collinear expansion for the six-gluon amplitude in the Euclidean kinematic region, we perform an analytic continuation term by term to the so-called Mandelstam region. We find that the result coincides with the collinear expansion of the analytically continued amplitude. We then take the multi-Regge limit, and conjecture that the final result precisely reproduces the one from the BFKL approach. Combining this procedure with the OPE for null polygonal Wilson loops, we explicitly compute the leading contribution in the ''collinear-Regge'' limit up to five loops. Our results agree with all the known results up to four loops. At five-loop, our results up to the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic approximation (NNLLA) also reproduce the known results, and for the N 3 LLA and the N 4 LLA give non-trivial predictions. We further present an all-loop prediction for the imaginary part of the next-to-double-leading logarithmic approximation. Our procedure has a possibility of an interpolation from weak to strong coupling in the multi-Regge limit with the help of the OPE.

Regge cuts: A general approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weis, J.H.

1976-01-01

We discuss an approach to the calculation of Regge-cut contributions to scattering amplitudes which relies only on the general structure of the physical Reggeon couplings. It thus allows a unified treatment of disparate models [such as the Feynman (Mandelstam) graph model and the dual model] and a general derivation of the Abramovskii--Gribov--Kancheli (AGK) rules. The structure of the Reggeon couplings is expressed through integrals over complex helicity. The Regge-cut amplitude can then be obtained, and its s-channel discontinuity, taken; there results a direct derivation of a set of ''cutting rules'' which express the total discontinuity as a sum of terms involving various discontinuities of the Reggeon couplings. The equality of these discontinuities follows directly if the singularities in complex helicity are the usual ones. Thus the AGK rules are seen to be quite model independent. Here we study in detail the simplest example: the Reggeon-particle cut in the four-particle amplitude

Independent variables in 3 + 1 Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuckey, P.A.

1989-01-01

The space of metrics in 3+1 Regge calculus is discussed, and the problems of counting its dimensions, and of finding independent variables to parametrise the space, are addressed. The most general natural class of metrics is considered first, and bounds on its dimension are obtained, although no good parametrisations are found. The relationship between these metrics and those used in canonical Regge calculus is shown, and this leads to an interesting result via the Bianchi identities. A restricted class of metrics is then considered and independent variables, which parametrise these metrics and which may be computationally convenient, are given. The dimension of this space of metrics gives an improved lower bound for the dimension of the general space. (author)

Semiclassical approach to Regge poles trajectories calculations for nonsingular potentials: Thomas-Fermi type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belov, S M; Avdonina, N B; Felfli, Z; Marletta, M; Msezane, A Z; Naboko, S N

2004-01-01

A simple semiclassical approach, based on the investigation of anti-Stokes line topology, is presented for calculating Regge poles for nonsingular (Thomas-Fermi type) potentials, namely potentials with singularities at the origin weaker than order -2. The anti-Stokes lines for Thomas-Fermi potentials have a more complicated structure than those of singular potentials and require careful application of complex analysis. The explicit solution of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition is used to obtain approximate Regge poles. We introduce and employ three hypotheses to obtain several terms of the Regge pole approximation

Approximation of hadron interactions by Regge diagrams with multipomeron exchange

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barashenkov, V.S.

1988-01-01

A good agreement of hadron diffraction interaction total cross section and their elastic scattering at small angles calculated by summarizing Regge multipomeron exchange diagrams with experiment mentioned by a number of authors results from the fitting of a great variety of the parameters contained in the formulas. The agreement of the other hadron characteristcs with experiment is worse. Distribution of hadron interactions over the number of fragmenting quark-gluon strings calculated by utilizing Regge diagrams is discussed

Regge meets collinear in strongly-coupled N=4 super Yang-Mills

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sprenger, Martin [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich,Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)

2017-01-10

We revisit the calculation of the six-gluon remainder function in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory from the strong coupling TBA in the multi-Regge limit and identify an infinite set of kinematically subleading terms. These new terms can be compared to the strong coupling limit of the finite-coupling expressions for the impact factor and the BFKL eigenvalue proposed by Basso et al. in https://www.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2015)027, which were obtained from an analytic continuation of the Wilson loop OPE. After comparing the results order by order in those subleading terms, we show that it is possible to precisely map both formalisms onto each other. A similar calculation can be carried out for the seven-gluon amplitude, the result of which shows that the central emission vertex does not become trivial at strong coupling.

Conditional probabilities in Ponzano-Regge minisuperspace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petryk, Roman; Schleich, Kristin

2003-01-01

We examine the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary initial state for the Ponzano-Regge formulation of gravity in three dimensions. We consider the behavior of conditional probabilities and expectation values for geometrical quantities in this initial state for a simple minisuperspace model consisting of a two-parameter set of anisotropic geometries on a 2-sphere boundary. We find dependence on the cutoff used in the construction of Ponzano-Regge amplitudes for expectation values of edge lengths. However, these expectation values are cutoff independent when computed in certain, but not all, conditional probability distributions. Conditions that yield cutoff independent expectation values are those that constrain the boundary geometry to a finite range of edge lengths. We argue that such conditions have a correspondence to fixing a range of local time, as classically associated with the area of a surface for spatially closed cosmologies. Thus these results may hint at how classical spacetime emerges from quantum amplitudes

Bounds for OPE coefficients on the Regge trajectory

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, Miguel S.; Hansen, Tobias; Penedones, João

2017-10-01

We consider the Regge limit of the CFT correlation functions and , where J is a vector current, T is the stress tensor and O is some scalar operator. These correlation functions are related by a type of Fourier transform to the AdS phase shift of the dual 2-to-2 scattering process. AdS unitarity was conjectured some time ago to be positivity of the imaginary part of this bulk phase shift. This condition was recently proved using purely CFT arguments. For large N CFTs we further expand on these ideas, by considering the phase shift in the Regge limit, which is dominated by the leading Regge pole with spin j( ν), where ν is a spectral parameter. We compute the phase shift as a function of the bulk impact parameter, and then use AdS unitarity to impose bounds on the analytically continued OPE coefficients {C}_JJ}j(ν )} and C TTj(ν) that describe the coupling to the leading Regge trajectory of the current J and stress tensor T. AdS unitarity implies that the OPE coefficients associated to non-minimal couplings of the bulk theory vanish at the intercept value ν = 0, for any CFT. Focusing on the case of large gap theories, this result can be used to show that the physical OPE coefficients {C}_{JJT and C TTT , associated to non-minimal bulk couplings, scale with the gap Δ g as Δ g - 2 or Δ g - 4 . Also, looking directly at the unitarity condition imposed at the OPE coefficients {C_JJT and C TTT results precisely in the known conformal collider bounds, giving a new CFT derivation of these bounds. We finish with remarks on finite N theories and show directly in the CFT that the spin function j( ν) is convex, extending this property to the continuation to complex spin.

N=4 supersymmetric Yang Mills scattering amplitudes at high energies. The Regge cut contribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Sabio Vera, A.

2008-07-01

We further investigate, in N=4 supersymmetric Yang Mills theories, the high energy Regge behavior of six-point scattering amplitudes. In particular, for the new Regge cut contribution found in our previous paper, we compute in the leading logarithmic approximation (LLA) the energy spectrum of the BFKL equation in the color octet channel, and we calculate explicitly the two loop corrections to the discontinuities of the amplitudes for the transitions 2→4 and 3→3. We find an explicit solution of the BFKL equation for the octet channel for arbitrary momentum transfers and investigate the intercepts of the Regge singularities in this channel. As an important result we find that the universal collinear and infrared singularities of the BDS formula are not affected by this Regge-cut contribution. (orig.)

Mean multiplicity in the Regge models with rising cross sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chikovani, Z.E.; Kobylisky, N.A.; Martynov, E.S.

1979-01-01

Behaviour of the mean multiplicity and the total cross section σsub(t) of hadron-hadron interactions is considered in the framework of the Regge models at high energies. Generating function was plotted for models of dipole and froissaron, and the mean multiplicity and multiplicity moments were calculated. It is shown that approximately ln 2 S (energy square) in the dipole model, which is in good agreement with the experiment. It is also found that in various Regge models approximately σsub(t)lnS

Dynamical equations for a Regge theory with crossing symmetry and unitarity. II. The case of strong coupling, and elimination of ghost poles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, P.W.; Warnock, R.L.

1977-01-01

Equations for the construction of a crossing-symmetric unitary Regge theory of meson-meson scattering are described. In the case of strong coupling, Regge trajectories are to be generated dynamically as zeros of the D function in a nonlinear N/D system. This paper is concerned mainly with writing the inputs to the N/D system in such a way that a convergent theory with exact crossing symmetry is defined. The scheme demands elimination of ghosts, i.e., bound-state poles at energies below threshold where trajectories pass through zero. A method for ghost elimination is proposed which entails an s-wave subtraction constant, and allows the physical s wave to be different from the l-analytic amplitude evaluated at l = 0. A dynamical model is suggested in which the subtraction constant alone generates the meson-meson interaction. An alternative ghost-elimination scheme proposed by Gell-Mann, in which only l-analytic amplitudes are involved, can be discussed in a formalism including channels with spin

The contracted Bianchi identities in Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, Ruth M

2012-01-01

In this note, we show explicitly how the linearized contracted Bianchi identities at a vertex in four-dimensional Regge calculus are related to a sum of the equations of motion for all the edges meeting at that vertex. (note)

Note on 3-dimensional Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soda, Jiro

1991-01-01

We shall study 3-dimensional Regge calculus with concentrating the role of the Bianchi identity. As a result, the number of the physical variables is determined to be 12g - 12(g > 1). The reason why Rocek and Williams derived the exact result of Deser, Jackiw and 'tHooft is clarified. (author)

A new approach to the Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, J.

1987-01-01

The paper develops a new approach to Regge calculus, a numerical technique used for the calculation of general relativistic spacetimes. The method is developed in an original '3 + 1' form in such a way that it can be applied to inhomogeneous spacetimes. (author)

Effective action for the Regge processes in gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lipatov, L.N. [Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik

2011-05-15

It is shown, that the effective action for the reggeized graviton interactions can be formulated in terms of the reggeon fields A{sup ++} and A{sup --} and the metric tensor g{sub {mu}}{sub {nu}} in such a way, that it is local in the rapidity space and has the property of general covariance. The corresponding effective currents j{sup -} and j{sup +} satisfy the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a massless particle moving in the gravitational field. These currents are calculated explicitly for the shock wave-like fields and a variation principle for them is formulated. As an application, we reproduce the effective lagrangian for the multi-regge processes in gravity together with the graviton Regge trajectory in the leading logarithmic approximation with taking into account supersymmetric contributions. (orig.)

MHV amplitudes for 3→3 gluon scattering in Regge limit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Prygarin, A.

2010-12-01

We calculate corrections to the BDS formula for the six-particle planar MHV amplitude for the gluon transition 3 → 3 in the multi-Regge kinematics for the physical region, in which the Regge pole ansatz is not valid. The remainder function at two loops is obtained by an analytic continuation of the expression derived by Goncharov, Spradlin, Vergu and Volovich to the kinematic region described by the Mandelstam singularity exchange in the crossing channel. It contains both the imaginary and real contributions being in agreement with the BFKL predictions. The real part of the three loop expression is found from a dispersion-like all-loop formula for the remainder function in the multi-Regge kinematics derived by one of the authors. We also make a prediction for the all-loop real part of the remainder function multiplied by the BDS phase, which can be accessible through calculations in the regime of the strong coupling constant. (orig.)

MHV amplitudes for 3{yields}3 gluon scattering in Regge limit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartels, J.; Prygarin, A. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Lipatov, L.N. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Russian Federation)

2010-12-15

We calculate corrections to the BDS formula for the six-particle planar MHV amplitude for the gluon transition 3 {yields} 3 in the multi-Regge kinematics for the physical region, in which the Regge pole ansatz is not valid. The remainder function at two loops is obtained by an analytic continuation of the expression derived by Goncharov, Spradlin, Vergu and Volovich to the kinematic region described by the Mandelstam singularity exchange in the crossing channel. It contains both the imaginary and real contributions being in agreement with the BFKL predictions. The real part of the three loop expression is found from a dispersion-like all-loop formula for the remainder function in the multi-Regge kinematics derived by one of the authors. We also make a prediction for the all-loop real part of the remainder function multiplied by the BDS phase, which can be accessible through calculations in the regime of the strong coupling constant. (orig.)

Solving QCD via multi-Regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

A high-energy, transverse momentum cut-off, solution of QCD is outlined. Regge pole and single gluon properties of the pomeron are directly related to the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of the hadron spectrum. This solution, which corresponds to a supercritical phase of Reggeon Field Theory, may only be applicable to QCD with a very special quark content

The fundamental theorem of linearised Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrett, J.W.

1987-01-01

In linearised Regge calculus in a topologically trivial region, the space of linearised deviations of the edge lengths from a flat configuration, divided by the subspace of deformations due to translations of the vertices, is equivalent to the space of the linearised curvatures which satisfy the Bianchi identities. (orig.)

A new approach to the Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, J.

1987-01-01

In paper 1 an original '3 + 1' form of Regge calculus was developed. In the current paper the method is tested by application to spherically symmetric vacuum space-times. Three different time slicing conditions are used and, where appropriate, the results are compared with the analytic solution with encouraging results. (author)

On the regge-cut cancellation in planar amplitude of the dual unitarisation scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kwiecinski, J.; Sakai, N.

1976-09-01

The problem of the Regge-cut cancellation in equations for planar Reggeons is considered by using the j-plane methods in treating the underlying integral equations. It is shown that the kernel should have the zero which cancels the Reggeon-loop singularity in order to eliminate the cut in the Reggeon-Reggeon scattering amplitudes besides amplitudes involving external particles. This zero (nonsense zero) implies that the finite size cluster is incompatable with the cut cancellation. Two alternatives no-double-counting conditions of the 'Reggeon-bootstrap' (the Oxford Rutherford model and the Finkelstein-Koplik model) are examined and it is found that the Regge-cut cannot be cancelled because of the finite size of the cluster. Substantial modifications of the 'Reggeon-bootstrap' model may be necessary if the Regge-cut is to be cancelled. (author)

Time-evolution problem in Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sorkin, R.

1975-01-01

The simplectic approximation to Einstein's equations (''Regge calculus'') is derived by considering the net to be actually a (singular) Riemannian manifold. Specific nets for open and closed spaces are introduced in terms of which one can formulate the general time-evolution problem, which thereby reduces to the repeated solution of finite sets of coupled nonlinear (algebraic) equations. The initial-value problem is also formulated in simplectic terms

Modified Regge calculus as an explanation of dark energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stuckey, W M; McDevitt, T J; Silberstein, M

2012-01-01

Using the Regge calculus, we construct a Regge differential equation for the time evolution of the scale factor a(t) in the Einstein-de Sitter cosmology model (EdS). We propose two modifications to the Regge calculus approach: (1) we allow the graphical links on spatial hypersurfaces to be large, as in direct particle interaction when the interacting particles reside in different galaxies, and (2) we assume that luminosity distance D L is related to graphical proper distance D p by the equation D L = (1+z)√D p ·D p , where the inner product can differ from its usual trivial form. The modified Regge calculus model (MORC), EdS and ΛCDM are compared using the data from the Union2 Compilation, i.e. distance moduli and redshifts for type Ia supernovae. We find that a best fit line through logD L versus logz gives a correlation of 0.9955 and a sum of squares error (SSE) of 1.95. By comparison, the best fit ΛCDM gives SSE = 1.79 using H o = 69.2 kms -1 Mpc, Ω M = 0.29 and Ω Λ = 0.71. The best fit EdS gives SSE = 2.68 using H o 60.9 km s -1 Mpc. The best-fit MORC gives SSE = 1.77 and H o = 73.9 km s -1 Mpc using R = A -1 = 8.38 Gcy and m = 1.71 x 10 52 kg, where R is the current graphical proper distance between nodes, A -1 is the scaling factor from our non-trivial inner product, and m is the nodal mass. Thus, the MORC improves the EdS as well as ΛCDM in accounting for distance moduli and redshifts for type Ia supernovae without having to invoke accelerated expansion, i.e. there is no dark energy and the universe is always decelerating. (paper)

Assuming Regge trajectories in holographic QCD: from OPE to Chiral Perturbation Theory

CERN Document Server

Cappiello, Luigi; Greynat, David

2015-01-01

The Soft Wall model in holographic QCD has Regge trajectories but wrong operator product expansion (OPE) for the two-point vectorial QCD Green function. We correct analytically this problem and describe the axial sector and chiral symmetry breaking. The low energy chiral parameters, $F_{\\pi}$ and $L_{10}$ , are well described analytically by the model in terms of Regge spacing and QCD condensates. The model nicely supports and extends previous theoretical analyses advocating Digamma function to study QCD two-point functions in different momentum regions.

Regge expansion of a casual spectral function in electroproduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, M.A.; Taha, M.O.

1975-01-01

The conjecture that a term in the Regge espansion of the Deser-Gilbert-Sudarshan spectral function in electroproduction may identically vanish is investigated. It is shown that this conjecture does not appear to be in agreement with experiment

The (ℎ/2π)-expansion for Regge-trajectories. 2. Relativistic equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stepanov, S.S.; Tutik, R.S.

1992-01-01

The (h/2π)-expansion method, proposed earlier for deriving Regge trajectories for bound states of central potentials in the Schroedinger equation framework, is extended to the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations with potentials having vector and scalar components. The simple recursion formulae, with the same form both for the parent and daughter Regge trajectories, are obtained. They provide, in principle, the calculation of the (h/2π)-expansion terms up to an arbitrary order. As an illustration, a superposition of the vector and scalar Coulomb potentials, and the funnel-shaped potential are treated with the technique developed. 20 refs.; 3 figs.; 1 table. (author)

On the combinatorial foundations of Regge-calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Budach, L.

1989-01-01

Lipschitz-Killing curvatures of piecewise flat spaces are combinatorial analogues of Lipschitz-Killing curvatures of Riemannian manifolds. In the following paper rigorous combinatorial representations and proofs of all basic results for Lipschitz-Killing curvatures not using analytic arguments are given. The principal tools for an elementary representation of Regge calculus can be developed by means of basic properties of dihedral angles. (author)

Gluonic Regge singularities and anomalous dimensions in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaroszewicz, T.

1982-01-01

The Regge calculus results on the perturbative Pomeron are applied to deep inelastic scattering. Explicit expressions are given for the anomalous dimensions γsub(GGG)sup(n) and γsub(GF)sup(n) at n approx.= 1 to the lowest order in α and all orders in α/(n-1). (author)

The role of leading twist operators in the Regge and Lorentzian OPE limits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa, Miguel S. [Centro de Física do Porto, Departamento de Física e Astronomia,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto,Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal); Drummond, James [CERN,Geneva 23 (Switzerland); School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); LAPTH, CNRS et Université de Savoie,F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex (France); Gonçalves, Vasco; Penedones, João [Centro de Física do Porto, Departamento de Física e Astronomia,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto,Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal)

2014-04-14

We study two kinematical limits, the Regge limit and the Lorentzian OPE limit, of the four-point function of the stress-tensor multiplet in Super Yang-Mills at weak coupling. We explain how both kinematical limits are controlled by the leading twist operators. We use the known expression of the four-point function up to three loops, to extract the pomeron residue at next-to-leading order. Using this data and the known form of pomeron spin up to next-to-leading order, we predict the behaviour of the four-point function in the Regge limit at higher loops. Specifically, we determine the leading log behaviour at any loop order and the next-to-leading log at four loops. Finally, we check the consistency of our results with conformal Regge theory. This leads us to predict the behaviour around J=1 of the OPE coefficient of the spin J leading twist operator in the OPE of two chiral primary operators.

Solving QCD via multi-Regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

To solve QCD at high-energy the authors must simultaneously find the hadronic states and the exchanged pomeron (IP) giving UNITARY scattering amplitudes. Experimentally, the IP ∼ a Regge pole at small Q 2 and a single gluon at larger Q 2 . (F 2 D -H1, dijets-ZEUS). In the solution which the author describes, these non-perturbative properties of the IP are directly related to the non-perturbative confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of hadrons

Collinear and Regge behavior of 2{yields}4 MHV amplitude in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartels, J.; Prygarin, A. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Lipatov, L.N. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Russian Federation)

2011-04-15

We investigate the collinear and Regge behavior of the 2{yields}4 MHV amplitude in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in the BFKL approach. The expression for the remainder function in the collinear kinematics proposed by Alday, Gaiotto, Maldacena, Sever and Vieira is analytically continued to the Mandelstam region. The result of the continuation in the Regge kinematics shows an agreement with the BFKL approach up to to five-loop level. We present the Regge theory interpretation of the obtained results and discuss some issues related to a possible nonmultiplicative renormalization of the remainder function in the collinear limit. (orig.)

The application of Regge calculus to quantum gravity and quantum field theory in a curved background

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Warner, N.P.

1982-01-01

The application of Regge calculus to quantum gravity and quantum field theory in a curved background is discussed. A discrete form of exterior differential calculus is developed, and this is used to obtain Laplacians for p-forms on the Regge manifold. To assess the accuracy of these approximations, the eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacians were calculated for the regular tesselations of S 2 and S 3 . The results indicate that the methods obtained in this paper may be used in curved space-times with an accuracy comparing with that obtained in lattice gauge theories on a flat background. It also becomes evident that Regge calculus provides particularly suitable lattices for Monte-Carlo techniques. (author)

Pomeron models and exchange degeneracy of the Regge trajectories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kontros, J.; Kontros, K.; Lengyel, A.

2000-01-01

Two models for the Pomeron, supplemented by exchange-degenerate sub-leading Regge trajectories, are fitted to the forward scattering data for a number of reactions. By considering new Pomeron models, we extend the recent results of the COMPAS group, being consistent with our predecessors

Solving QCD using multi-regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

This talk outlines the derivation of a high-energy, transverse momentum cut-off, solution of QCD in which the Regge pole and ''single gluon'' properties of the pomeron are directly related to the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of the hadron spectrum. In first approximation, the pomeron is a single reggeized gluon plus a ''wee parton'' component that compensates for the color and particle properties of the gluon. This solution corresponds to a supercritical phase of Reggeon Field Theory

The convergence of lattice solutions of linearised Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrett, J.W.; Williams, R.M.

1988-01-01

Sequences of configurations of linearised Regge calculus converging to plane wave solutions are constructed to illustrate an earlier result on convergence. It is shown that, for these examples, the convergence criterion filters out the solutions which do not satisfy Einstein's equations from those which do. (author)

Ponzano-Regge model revisited: I. Gauge fixing, observables and interacting spinning particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freidel, Laurent; Louapre, David

2004-01-01

We show how to properly gauge fix all the symmetries of the Ponzano-Regge model for 3D quantum gravity. This amounts to doing explicit finite computations for transition amplitudes. We give the construction of the transition amplitudes in the presence of interacting quantum spinning particles. We introduce a notion of operators whose expectation value gives rise to either gauge fixing, introduction of time, or insertion of particles, according to the choice. We give the link between the spin foam quantization and the Hamiltonian quantization. We finally show the link between the Ponzano-Regge model and the quantization of Chern-Simons theory based on the double quantum group of SU(2)

Path integral in area tensor Regge calculus and complex connections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatsymovsky, V.M.

2006-01-01

Euclidean quantum measure in Regge calculus with independent area tensors is considered using example of the Regge manifold of a simple structure. We go over to integrations along certain contours in the hyperplane of complex connection variables. Discrete connection and curvature on classical solutions of the equations of motion are not, strictly speaking, genuine connection and curvature, but more general quantities and, therefore, these do not appear as arguments of a function to be averaged, but are the integration (dummy) variables. We argue that upon integrating out the latter the resulting measure can be well-defined on physical hypersurface (for the area tensors corresponding to certain edge vectors, i.e. to certain metric) as positive and having exponential cutoff at large areas on condition that we confine ourselves to configurations which do not pass through degenerate metrics

Regge cuts in inclusive reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paige, F.E.; Trueman, T.L.

1975-01-01

The contribution of Regge cuts to single-particle inclusive processes is analyzed using the techniques of Gribov. The dependence of these contributions on the polarization state of the target is emphasized. A general formula is obtained and certain contributions to it are calculated. It is not possible, however, to reduce this to a simple, powerful formula expressing the total cut contribution in terms of other measurable quantities, as can be done for the cut contribution to the total cross section. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The single-particle intermediate states, analogous to the absorption model for elastic scattering, are explicitly calculated as an illustration

The geometry of classical Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrett, J.W.

1987-01-01

Standard notions of Riemannian geometry are applied to the case of piecewise-flat manifolds. Particular care is taken to explain how one may define some particular vectors and tensors in an invariant way at points of a conical singularity. The geometry surrounding the equations of motion and the energy-momentum of the piecewise-flat manifold is developed in detail. The resolution theorem is presented, which states that on certain resolution hypersurfaces there is a clear connection between the energy-momentum of the piecewise-flat manifold and the Regge equations of motion. (author)

A numerical study of the Regge calculus and smooth lattice methods on a Kasner cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brewin, Leo

2015-01-01

Two lattice based methods for numerical relativity, the Regge calculus and the smooth lattice relativity, will be compared with respect to accuracy and computational speed in a full 3+1 evolution of initial data representing a standard Kasner cosmology. It will be shown that both methods provide convergent approximations to the exact Kasner cosmology. It will also be shown that the Regge calculus is of the order of 110 times slower than the smooth lattice method. (paper)

On the continuum limit of curvature squared actions in the Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eliezer, D.

1989-01-01

We evaluate the continuum limit of a family of curvature squared actions for the Regge calculus proposed by Hamber and Williams. The answers depend on how the continuum limit is defined. When the link lengths are defined as the distance in an embedding space between the endpoints of the link, we find that no member of this family approaches the continuum limit correctly. Defining the link lengths as the length of a geodesic between the endpoints of the link, we find that a unique member is selected, and we prove for the general two dimensional compact manifold that this Regge calculus action converges to ∫R 2 √d d 2 x. (orig.)

Simple Regge pole model for Compton scattering of protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saleem, M.; Fazal-e-Aleem

1978-01-01

It is shown that by a phenomenological choice of the residue functions, the differential cross section for ν p → ν p, including the very recent measurements up to - t=4.3 (GeV/c) 2 , can be explained at all measured energies greater than 2 GeV with simple Regge pole model

Calculation of relativistic model stars using Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, J.

1987-01-01

A new approach to the Regge calculus, developed in a previous paper, is used in conjunction with the velocity potential version of relativistic fluid dynamics due to Schutz [1970, Phys. Rev., D, 2, 2762] to calculate relativistic model stars. The results are compared with those obtained when the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations are solved by other numerical methods. The agreement is found to be excellent. (author)

Models of Regge behaviour in an asymptotically free theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polkinghorne, J.C.

1976-01-01

Two simple Feynman integral models are presented which reproduce the features expected to be of physical importance in the Regge behaviour of asymptotically free theories. Analysis confirms the result, expected on general grounds, that phi 3 in six dimensions has an essential singularity at l=-1. The extension to gauge theories is discussed. (Auth.)

Regge parametrization of angular distributions for heavy-ion transfer reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carlson, B.V.; McVoy, K.W.

1977-01-01

A two-pole one-zero Regge parametrization of the l-window for transfer reactions is employed in conjunction with a chi-squared search program to obtain high-quality fits to a wide variety of transfer data. The data employed include both direct and multi-step transfers. (Auth.)

Extraction of Structure Function and Gluon Distribution Function at Low-x from Cross Section Derivative by Regge Behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boroun, G.R.

2005-01-01

An approximation method based on Regge behavior is presented. This new method relates the reduced cross section derivative and the structure function Regge behavior at low x. With the use of this approximation method, the C and λ parameters are calculated from the HERA reduced cross section data taken at low-x. Also, we calculate the structure functions F 2 (x,Q 2 ) even for low-x values, which have not been investigated. To test the validity of calculated structure functions, we find the gluon distribution function in the Leading order approximation based on Regge behaviour of structure function and compare to the NLO QCD fit to H1 data and NLO parton distribution function.

Quark contribution to the gluon Regge trajectory at NLO from the high energy effective action

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chachamis, G.; Hentschinski, M.; Madrigal Martínez, J.D.; Sabio Vera, A.

2012-01-01

The two loop (NLO) diagrams with quark content contributing to the gluon Regge trajectory are computed within the framework of Lipatov's effective action for QCD, using the regularization procedure for longitudinal divergencies recently proposed by two of us in (M. Hentschinski and A. Sabio Vera, 2011). Perfect agreement with previous results in the literature is found, providing a robust check of the regularization prescription and showing that the high energy effective action is a very useful computational tool in the quasi-multi-Regge limit.

Reggeon, Pomeron and Glueball, Odderon-Hadron-Hadron Interaction at High Energies--From Regge Theory to Quantum Chromodynamics

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XIONG Wen-Yuan; HU Zhao-Hui; WANG Xin-Wen; ZHOU Li-Juan; XIA Li-Xin; MA Wei-Xing

2008-01-01

Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD, and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction. This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully, which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications. However, as new experimental data come out, we have some difficulties in explaining the data. The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory, which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data. To understand new experimental measurements, a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron, which has vacuum quantum numbers. The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully. There are two exchange mediators: Reggeon and Pomeron. Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region, while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region, separately. In order to explain the data in the whole energy region, we propose a Reggeon-Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron-hadron scattering and other diffractive processes. Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region, it is a phenomenological model After the advent of QCD, people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction, which is believed to be described by QCD. According to this point of view, we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron. We claim

A 3 + 1 Regge calculus model of the Taub universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuckey, P.A.

1988-01-01

The Piran and Williams [1986 Phys. Rev. D 33,1622] second-order formulation of 3 + 1 Regge calculus is used to calculate the evolution of a model of the Taub universe. The model displays qualitatively the correct behaviour, thereby giving some verification of the 3 + 1 formulation. (author)

Dimensional reduction and BRST approach to the description of a Regge trajectory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pashnev, A.I.; Tsulaya, M.M.

1997-01-01

The local free field theory for Regge trajectory is described in the framework of the BRST-quantization method. The corresponding BRST-charge is constructed with the help of the method of dimensional reduction

On d=2 Regge calculus without triangulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foerster, D.

1987-01-01

The supersymmetric version of a previously developed Regge calculus for d=2 euclidean gravity is given. In the context of string theory, a continuum theory is likely to exist for D<2 external space-time dimensions, just like in the bosonic case and essentially in agreement with the weak coupling regime D≤1 found by Gervais and Neveu for Liouville theory and its supersymmetric extension. The techniques developed here are intended to be of use, eventually, in lowering the critical dimensions of string theories. (orig.)

Minimal Regge model for meson--baryon scattering: duality, SU(3) and phase-modified absorptive cuts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Egli, S.E.

1975-10-01

A model is presented which incorporates economically all of the modifications to simple SU(3)-symmetric dual Regge pole theory which are required by existing data on 0 -1 / 2 + → -1 / 2 + processes. The basic assumptions are no-exotics duality, minimally broken SU(3) symmetry, and absorptive Regge cuts phase-modified by the Ringland prescription. First it is described qualitatively how these assumptions suffice for the description of all measured reactions, and then the results of a detailed fit to 1987 data points are presented for 18 different reactions. (auth)

Infra-red divergences and Regge behaviour in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaroszewicz, T.

1980-01-01

We analyze high energy behaviour of multi-gluon exchange amplitudes in the leading-lns approximation in perturbation theory. Working in the Coulomb gauge and employing Ward identities we derive an integral equation for the n-gluon system in the exchange channel. We find that the Regge behaviour is associated with exponentiation of leading infrared divergences, and the position of the j-plane singularities is determined by the colour quantum numbers of the exchanged system. (author)

Multi-Regge amplitudes for bremsstrahlung in e+e- backward scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ermolaev, B.I.; Lipatov, L.N.

1988-01-01

Using the method of factorization, equations are obtained for the inelastic on-shell amplitudes describing the asymptotic behavior of e + e - backward scattering with emission of bremsstrahlung photons in the doubly logarithmic approximation. Explicit expressions are found for these amplitudes in the case in which the photons are emitted with multi-Regge kinematics

Regge behaviour of structure functions and evolution of gluon structure function upto next-to-leading order at low-x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jamil, U.; Sarma, J.K.

2011-01-01

Evolution of gluon structure function from Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations upto next-to-leading order at low-x is presented assuming the Regge behaviour of structure functions. We compare our results of gluon structure function with GRV 98 global parameterization and show the compatibility of Regge behaviour of structure functions with PQCD. (author)

Gravity-matter entanglement in Regge quantum gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paunković, Nikola; Vojinović, Marko

2016-01-01

We argue that Hartle-Hawking states in the Regge quantum gravity model generically contain non-trivial entanglement between gravity and matter fields. Generic impossibility to talk about “matter in a point of space” is in line with the idea of an emergent spacetime, and as such could be taken as a possible candidate for a criterion for a plausible theory of quantum gravity. Finally, this new entanglement could be seen as an additional “effective interaction”, which could possibly bring corrections to the weak equivalence principle. (paper)

On the definition of the partition function in quantum Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishimura, Jun

1995-01-01

We argue that the definition of the partition function used recently to demonstrate the failure of Regge calculus is wrong. In fact, in the one-dimensional case, we show that there is a more natural definition, with which one can reproduce the correct results. (author)

Regge in the sky: Origin of the cosmic rotation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muradian, R.

1994-06-01

Observed universal spin and mass relationship for a wide range of astronomical objects are described by two extended Regge trajectories: disc-trajectory for stars and planets, and ball-trajectory for galaxies and their clusters. The cosmic Chew-Frautschi plot is presented and two fundamental points are revealed on it: Eddington and Chandrasekhar points with coordinates expressed via combinations of the fundamental constants. (author). 17 refs, 3 figs

The non-ordinary Regge behavior of the K{sup *}{sub 0}(800) or κ-meson versus the ordinary K{sup *}{sub 0}(1430)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pelaez, J.R.; Rodas, A. [Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Fisica Teorica II and UPARCOS, Madrid (Spain)

2017-06-15

The Regge trajectory of an elastic resonance can be calculated from dispersion theory, instead of fitted phenomenologically, using only its pole parameters as input. This also provides a correct treatment of resonance widths in Regge trajectories, essential for very wide resonances. In this work we first calculate the K{sup *}{sub 0}(1430) Regge trajectory, finding the ordinary almost real and linear behavior, typical of q anti q resonances. In contrast, for the K{sup *}{sub 0}(800) meson, the resulting Regge trajectory is non-linear and has a much smaller slope than ordinary resonances, being remarkably similar to that of the f{sub 0}(500) or σ meson. The slope of these unusual Regge trajectories seems to scale with the meson masses rather than with scales typical of quark degrees of freedom. We also calculate the range of the interaction responsible for the formation of these resonances. Our results strongly support a non-ordinary, predominantly meson-meson-like, interpretation for the lightest strange and non-strange resonances. (orig.)

Patterns of High energy Massive String Scatterings in the Regge Regime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee Jen Chi

2009-01-01

We calculate high energy massive string scattering amplitudes of open bosonic string in the Regge regime (RR). We found that the number of high energy amplitudes for each fixed mass level in the RR is much more numerous than that of Gross regime (GR) calculated previously. Moreover, we discover that the leading order amplitudes in the RR can be expressed in terms of the Kummer function of the second kind. In particular, based on a summation algorithm for Stirling number identities developed recently, we discover that the ratios calculated previously among scattering amplitudes in the GR can be extracted from this Kummer function in the RR. We conjecture and give evidences that the existence of these GR ratios in the RR persists to sub-leading orders in the Regge expansion of all string scattering amplitudes. Finally, we demonstrate the universal power-law behavior for all massive string scattering amplitudes in the RR. (author)

On the Regge-Wheeler Tortoise and the Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Crothers S. J.

2006-07-01

Full Text Available The Regge-Wheeler tortoise “coordinate” and the the Kruskal-Szekeres “extension” are built upon a latent set of invalid assumptions. Consequently, they have led to fallacious conclusions about Einstein’s gravitational field. The persistent unjustified claims made for the aforesaid alleged coordinates are not sustained by mathematical rigour. They must therefore be discarded.

Regge-like initial input and evolution of non-singlet structure ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Regge-like initial input and evolution of non-singlet structure functions from DGLAP equation up to next-next-to-leading order at low x and low Q. 2. NAYAN MANI NATH1,2,∗, MRINAL KUMAR DAS1 and JAYANTA KUMAR SARMA1. 1Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, India. 2Department of Physics ...

Regge limit of R-current correlators in AdS supergravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Kotanski, J.; Mischler, A.M.; Schomerus, V.

2009-08-01

Four-point functions of R-currents are discussed within Anti-de Sitter supergravity. In particular, we compute Witten diagrams with graviton and gauge boson exchange in the high energy Regge limit. Assuming validity of the AdS/CFT correspondence, our results apply to R-current four-point functions of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. (orig.)

Unitarization of pomeron and Regge phenomenology of deep inelastic scattering.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martynov, E S

1994-12-31

Using conventional Regge approach we consider unitarization of supercritical pomeron in DIS and then describe the total photon-proton cross-section and the proton structure functions in the region W{sup 2} = Q{sup 2}(1/x-1) + m{sup 2} {>=} 9 GeV{sup 2}, including the small-x data from HERA. (author). 15 refs., 1 tab., 15 figs.

Regge behaviour and Bjorken scaling for deep-inelastic lepton-hadron scattering process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tran Huu Phat

1976-01-01

Within the framework of the Jost-Lehmann-Dyson (JLD) representation and the renormalization-group (RG) equation, it is shown that either the RG technique is not applicable to deep-inelastic phenomena or Regge behaviour and Bjorken scaling for structure functions do not coexist. (author)

Gravitational perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime: A practical covariant and gauge-invariant formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martel, Karl; Poisson, Eric

2005-01-01

We present a formalism to study the metric perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime. The formalism is gauge invariant, and it is also covariant under two-dimensional coordinate transformations that leave the angular coordinates unchanged. The formalism is applied to the typical problem of calculating the gravitational waves produced by material sources moving in the Schwarzschild spacetime. We examine the radiation escaping to future null infinity as well as the radiation crossing the event horizon. The waveforms, the energy radiated, and the angular-momentum radiated can all be expressed in terms of two gauge-invariant scalar functions that satisfy one-dimensional wave equations. The first is the Zerilli-Moncrief function, which satisfies the Zerilli equation, and which represents the even-parity sector of the perturbation. The second is the Cunningham-Price-Moncrief function, which satisfies the Regge-Wheeler equation, and which represents the odd-parity sector of the perturbation. The covariant forms of these wave equations are presented here, complete with covariant source terms that are derived from the stress-energy tensor of the matter responsible for the perturbation

Four point function of R-currents in N=4 SYM in the Regge limit at weak coupling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartels, J.; Mischler, A.M.; Salvadore, M. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik

2008-04-15

We compute, in N = 4 super Yang-Mills, the four point correlation function of R-currents in the Regge limit in the leading logarithmic approximation at weak coupling. Such a correlator is the closest analog to photon-photon scattering within QCD, and there is a well defined procedure to perform the analogous computation at strong coupling via AdS/CFT. The main result of this paper is, on the gauge theory side, the proof of Regge factorization and the explicit computation of the R-current impact factors. (orig.)

Analysis of pp scattering at the CERN ISR energies in the multiple Regge pole model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bugrij, A.I.; Kobylinsky, N.A.

1976-01-01

The simple Regge model is suggested for describing data on proton-proton elastic scattering at high energies. The simplest variant of the Regge model can be formulated as a sum of two pomerons, the first being a moving double pole and the second - a fixed simple pole. Comparison with known data is given. The model gives an infinite rise of the total cross section of pp-scattering. The differential cross section changes slowly with energy. The models of two pomerons reproduce many features of the geometric scaling, in particular, the shift of the dip and rise of scattering total cross section at the second maximum. The considered model is rather simple and is well consistent with experiment

Structure and properties of Regge-Mueller diagrams for the case of Froissart saturation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobylinsky, N.A.; Kosenko, A.I.; Martynov, E.S.

1976-01-01

A model leading to the Froissart saturation in various diffractive and nondiffractive production processes is elaborated. The restrictions on a structure of Regge-Mueller diagrams are obtained in the model. A comparison is made of the pomeron, dipole and froissaron models

Intercepts and residues of Regge poles in a stochastic-field multiparticle theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnold, R.C.

1976-01-01

A dynamical theory of multiparticle amplitudes, based on a functional integral representation embodying collective long-range correlations, is applied to the calculation of Regge intercepts and residues. Poles arising in conventional multiperipheral models will characteristically be modified in three ways: promotion, renormalization, and a proliferation of dynamical secondary trajectories, reminiscent of dual models

Quantum Regge Calculus of Einstein-Cartan theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xue Shesheng

2009-01-01

We study the Quantum Regge Calculus of Einstein-Cartan theory to describe quantum dynamics of Euclidean space-time discretized as a 4-simplices complex. Tetrad field e μ (x) and spin-connection field ω μ (x) are assigned to each 1-simplex. Applying the torsion-free Cartan structure equation to each 2-simplex, we discuss parallel transports and construct a diffeomorphism and local gauge-invariant Einstein-Cartan action. Invariant holonomies of tetrad and spin-connection fields along large loops are also given. Quantization is defined by a bounded partition function with the measure of SO(4)-group valued ω μ (x) fields and Dirac-matrix valued e μ (x) fields over 4-simplices complex.

Regge poles and Mandelstam representation in potential scattering; Poles de regge et representation de Mandelstam en theorie du potentiel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bessis, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-03-01

We deal with the scattering of two spinless particles interacting by a superposition of Yukawa potentials. We first obtain an upper bound for the scattering amplitude for simultaneous complex values of energy and angular momentum. We then show that the Regge poles remain confined in small domains of the complex angular momentum plane, we study the variation of these domains when the energy (complex) varies. These first results allow us to deduce an upper bound for the double spectral function, this upper bound is used to rigorously show that the Schroedinger equation implies the Mandelstam representation for the type of potentials we deal with. Finally, the problem of subtractions is entirely solved, showing that the Mellin transform of the double spectral function can be analytically continued into the different simple spectral functions. (author) [French] On traite de la diffusion de deux particules sans spin interagissant par l'intermediaire d'une superposition de potentiels de Yukawa. Nous obtenons tout d'abord une majorante pour l'amplitude de diffusion pour des valeurs simultanement complexes de l'energie et du moment cinetique. On montre alors que les Poles de Regge restent confines dans des domaines restreints du plan complexe du moment cinetique, domaines dont nous etudions la variation pour des valeurs complexes de l'energie. Ces premiers resultats nous permettent alors de deduire une majorante pour la fonction spectrale double, majorante qui est utilisee pour demontrer rigoureusement que l'equation de Schroedinger implique la representation de Mandelstam pour la classe des potentiels envisages. Enfin le probleme des soustractions est entierement resolu, en montrant que la transformee de Mellin de la fonction spectrale double se prolonge analytiquement dans les diverses fonctions spectrales simples. (auteur)

Energy and Regge residues in quantum-mechanical ''QCD'' sum rules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durand, B.; Durand, L.

1986-01-01

It was shown recently by Fishbane, Kaus, and Gasiorowicz that the residues at the poles of quantum-mechanical two-point functions for arbitrary angular momenta l have an incorrect l dependence when calculated by the sum-rule method used for the analogous problem in QCD. Knowledge of the residues is of interest since they are directly related to particle couplings and decay widths. We develop reliable expressions for the energy and Regge residues using semiclassical methods

Hexagon OPE resummation and multi-Regge kinematics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drummond, J.M. [School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Theory Division, Physics Department, CERN,CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); LAPTh, CNRS, Université de Savoie,9 Chemin de Bellevue, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex (France); Papathanasiou, G. [LAPTh, CNRS, Université de Savoie,9 Chemin de Bellevue, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex (France)

2016-02-29

We analyse the OPE contribution of gluon bound states in the double scaling limit of the hexagonal Wilson loop in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We provide a systematic procedure for perturbatively resumming the contributions from single-particle bound states of gluons and expressing the result order by order in terms of two-variable polylogarithms. We also analyse certain contributions from two-particle gluon bound states and find that, after analytic continuation to the 2→4 Mandelstam region and passing to multi-Regge kinematics (MRK), only the single-particle gluon bound states contribute. From this double-scaled version of MRK we are able to reconstruct the full hexagon remainder function in MRK up to five loops by invoking single-valuedness of the results.

Baryon Regge trajectories from the area-law of Wilson loop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simonov, Yu.A.

1989-01-01

In the proper-time path integral representation of the three-quark Green function, baryon masses are calculated for large angular momenta L. Dynamics is given by vacuum background fields in the Wilson loop. Assuming an area law for large Wilson loops one obtains linear baryon Regge trajectories with the same slope as for mesons. For large L the baryon has an asymmetric structure of the quark-diquark type. Dynamic masses of the quark and diquark are generated, which grow with L. 8 refs

Wilson loop, Regge trajectory and hadron masses in a Yang-Mills theory from semiclassical strings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bigazzi, F.; Cotrone, A.L.; Martucci, L.; Pando Zayas, L.A.

2004-07-01

We compute the one-loop string corrections to the Wilson loop, glueball Regge trajectory and stringy hadron masses in the Witten model of non supersymmetric, large-N Yang-Mills theory. The classical string configurations corresponding to the above field theory objects are respectively: open straight strings, folded closed spinning strings, and strings orbiting in the internal part of the supergravity background. For the rectangular Wilson loop we show that besides the standard Luscher term, string corrections provide a rescaling of the field theory string tension. The one-loop corrections to the linear glueball Regge trajectories render them nonlinear with a positive intercept, as in the experimental soft Pomeron trajectory. Strings orbiting in the internal space predict a spectrum of hadronic-like states charged under global flavor symmetries which falls in the same universality class of other confining models. (author)

String theory of the Regge intercept.

Science.gov (United States)

Hellerman, S; Swanson, I

2015-03-20

Using the Polchinski-Strominger effective string theory in the covariant gauge, we compute the mass of a rotating string in D dimensions with large angular momenta J, in one or two planes, in fixed ratio, up to and including first subleading order in the large J expansion. This constitutes a first-principles calculation of the value for the order-J(0) contribution to the mass squared of a meson on the leading Regge trajectory in planar QCD with bosonic quarks. For open strings with Neumann boundary conditions, and for closed strings in D≥5, the order-J(0) term in the mass squared is exactly calculated by the semiclassical approximation. This term in the expansion is universal and independent of the details of the theory, assuming only D-dimensional Poincaré invariance and the absence of other infinite-range excitations on the string world volume, beyond the Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

Open string Regge trajectory and its field theory limit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas, Francisco; Thorn, Charles B.

2011-01-01

We study the properties of the leading Regge trajectory in open string theory including the open string planar one-loop corrections. With SU(N) Chan-Paton factors, the sum over planar open string multiloop diagrams describes the 't Hooft limit N→∞ with Ng s 2 fixed. Our motivation is to improve the understanding of open string theory at finite α ' as a model of gauge field theories. SU(N) gauge theories in D space-time dimensions are described by requiring open strings to end on a stack of N Dp-branes of space-time dimension D=p+1. The large N leading trajectory α(t)=1+α ' t+Σ(t) can be extracted, through order g 2 , from the s→-∞ limit, at fixed t, of the four open string tree and planar loop diagrams. We analyze the t→0 behavior with the result that Σ(t)∼-Cg 2 (-α ' t) (D-4)/2 /(D-4). This result precisely tracks the 1-loop Reggeized gluon of gauge theory in D>4 space-time dimensions. In particular, for D→4 it reproduces the known infrared divergences of gauge theory in 4 dimensions with a Regge trajectory behaving as -ln(-α ' t). We also study Σ(t) in the limit t→-∞ and show that, when D ' t/(ln(-α ' t)) γ , where γ>0 depends on D and the number of massless scalars. Thus, as long as 4 ' t arbitrarily large. Finally we present the results of numerical calculations of Σ(t) for all negative t.

Unified treatment: analyticity, Regge trajectories, Veneziano amplitude, fundamental regions and Moebius transformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choudhary, A.R.

2003-01-01

In this paper we present a unified treatment that combines the analyticity properties of the scattering amplitudes, the threshold and asymptotic behaviors, the invariance group of Moebius transformations, the automorphic functions defined over this invariance group, the fundamental region in (Poincare) geometry, and the generators of the invariance group as they relate to the fundamental region. Using these concepts and techniques, we provide a theoretical basis for Veneziano type amplitudes with the ghost elimination condition built in, related the Regge trajectory functions to the generators of the invariance group, constrained the values of the Regge trajectories to take only inverse integer values at the threshold, used the threshold behavior in the forward direction to deduce the Pomeranchuk trajectory as well as other relations. The enabling tool for this unified treatment came from the multi-sheet conformal mapping techniques that map the physical sheet to a fundamental region which in turn defines a Riemann surface on which a global uniformization variable for the scattering amplitude is calculated via an automorphic function, which in turn can be constructed as a quotient of two automorphic forms of the same dimension. (orig.)

Multi-Regge kinematics and the moduli space of Riemann spheres with marked points

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duca, Vittorio Del [Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich,Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland); Druc, Stefan; Drummond, James [School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Duhr, Claude [Theoretical Physics Department, CERN,Route de Meyrin, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Center for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3),Université catholique de Louvain,Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve (Belgium); Dulat, Falko [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94309 (United States); Marzucca, Robin [Center for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3),Université catholique de Louvain,Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve (Belgium); Papathanasiou, Georgios [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94309 (United States); Verbeek, Bram [Center for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3),Université catholique de Louvain,Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve (Belgium)

2016-08-25

We show that scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 Super Yang-Mills in multi-Regge kinematics can naturally be expressed in terms of single-valued iterated integrals on the moduli space of Riemann spheres with marked points. As a consequence, scattering amplitudes in this limit can be expressed as convolutions that can easily be computed using Stokes’ theorem. We apply this framework to MHV amplitudes to leading-logarithmic accuracy (LLA), and we prove that at L loops all MHV amplitudes are determined by amplitudes with up to L+4 external legs. We also investigate non-MHV amplitudes, and we show that they can be obtained by convoluting the MHV results with a certain helicity flip kernel. We classify all leading singularities that appear at LLA in the Regge limit for arbitrary helicity configurations and any number of external legs. Finally, we use our new framework to obtain explicit analytic results at LLA for all MHV amplitudes up to five loops and all non-MHV amplitudes with up to eight external legs and four loops.

Forward pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction and Regge constraints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Fei; Sibirtsev, A.; Krewald, S.; Hanhart, C.; Haidenbauer, J.; Meibner, U.-G.

2009-01-01

We present our recent study of pion-nucleon charge exchange amplitudes above 2 GeV. We analyze the forward pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction data in a Regge model and compare the resulting amplitudes with those from the Karlsruhe-Helsinki and George-Washington-University partial-wave analyses. We explore possible high-energy constraints for theoretical baryon resonance analyses in the energy region above 2 GeV. Our results show that for the pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction, the appropriate energy region for matching meson-nucleon dynamics to diffractive scattering should be around 3 GeV for the helicity flip amplitude. (authors)

Fast algorithms for computing defects and their derivatives in the Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brewin, Leo

2011-01-01

Any practical attempt to solve the Regge equations, these being a large system of non-linear algebraic equations, will almost certainly employ a Newton-Raphson-like scheme. In such cases, it is essential that efficient algorithms be used when computing the defect angles and their derivatives with respect to the leg lengths. The purpose of this paper is to present details of such an algorithm.

First Regge parameterisation of polarized DIS cross section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, E.; Bianchi, N.

2000-01-01

The first Regge description of the virtual photon absorption cross section difference Δσ(γ*, N) = [σ 1/2 (γ*,N) - σ ((3)/(2)) (γ*, N)] was obtained from a global fit of all the data collected by the experiments measuring spin asymmetries in polarized lepton - polarized nucleon deep inelastic scattering. This work present a phenomenological and a numerical description of all the polarized deep inelastic data (Δσ(γ*, N), g l spin structure function) on the whole measured kinematical range (0.3 GeV 2 2 2 , 4 GeV 2 2 2 ). The fit also provide reliable predictions for the photo-production limit through a smooth Q 2 -transition

On the area expectation values in area tensor Regge calculus in the Lorentzian domain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatsymovsky, V.M.

2006-01-01

Wick rotation in area tensor Regge calculus is considered. The heuristical expectation is confirmed that the Lorentzian quantum measure on a spacelike area should coincide with the Euclidean measure at the same argument. The consequence is validity of probabilistic interpretation of the Lorentzian measure as well (on the real, i.e. spacelike areas)

The two-loop symbol of all multi-Regge regions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bargheer, Till; Papathanasiou, Georgios; Schomerus, Volker

2016-01-01

We study the symbol of the two-loop n-gluon MHV amplitude for all Mandelstam regions in multi-Regge kinematics in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. While the number of distinct Mandelstam regions grows exponentially with n, the increase of independent symbols turns out to be merely quadratic. We uncover how to construct the symbols for any number of external gluons from just two building blocks which are naturally associated with the six- and seven-gluon amplitude, respectively. The second building block is entirely new, and in addition to its symbol, we also construct a prototype function that correctly reproduces all terms of maximal functional transcendentality.

The two-loop symbol of all multi-Regge regions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bargheer, Till; Schomerus, Volker; Papathanasiou, Georgios

2015-12-01

We study the symbol of the two-loop n-gluon MHV amplitude for all Mandelstam regions in multi-Regge kinematics in N= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. While the number of distinct Mandelstam regions grows exponentially with n, the increase of independent symbols turns out to be merely quadratic. We uncover how to construct the symbols for any number of external gluons from just two building blocks which are naturally associated with the six- and seven-gluon amplitude, respectively. The second building block is entirely new, and in addition to its symbol, we also construct a prototype function that correctly reproduces all terms of maximal functional transcendentality.

Regge behavior saves string theory from causality violations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

di Vecchia, Paolo; Giuseppe, D'Appollonio; Russo, Rodolfo

2015-01-01

Higher-derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action are present in bosonic string theory leading to the potential causality violations recently pointed out by Camanho et al. [1]. We analyze in detail this question by considering high-energy string-brane collisions at impact parameters b....... Such violations are instead neatly avoided when the full structure of string theory — and in particular its Regge behavior — is taken into account....... ≤ l s (the string-length parameter) with l s ≫ R p (the characteristic scale of the Dp-brane geometry). If we keep only the contribution of the massless states causality is violated for a set of initial states whose polarization is suitably chosen with respect to the impact parameter vector...

A new approach to perturbative and non-perturbative dynamics: Regge intercept and the gluon spin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bishari, M.

1979-01-01

Relations connecting long distance with short distance dynamics are proposed. These relations are independent of the (apiori unknown) matching length scale, and provide interrelations among parameters characterizing soft and hard scattering processes. In particular, the observed planar Regge intercept imply an underlying field theory mediated by vector gluons. (author)

Analysis of the logarithmic slope of F2 from the Regge gluon density behavior at small x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boroun, G. R.

2010-01-01

We study the accuracy of the Regge behavior of the gluon distribution function for an approximate relation that is frequently used to extract the logarithmic slopes of the structure function from the gluon distribution at small x. We show that the Regge behavior analysis results are comparable with HERA data and are also better than other methods that expand the gluon density at distinct points of expansion. We also show that for Q 2 = 22.4 GeV 2 , the x dependence of the data is well described by gluon shadowing corrections to the GLR-MQ equation. The resulting analytic expression allows us to predict the logarithmic derivative ∂F 2 (x, Q 2 )/∂lnQ 2 and to compare the results with the H1 data and a QCD analysis fit with the MRST parameterization input.

Proton-proton total cross sections and the neglect of masses in data fitting in the Regge region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamran, M.

1981-01-01

It is shown by taking the example of pp total cross sections that the use of the approximation s is appoximately equal to 2qsup(1/2) while fitting data in the Regge region can be misleading. Several standard fits to sigmasub(tot)pp data are based on the assumption of weak rho-f-ω-A 2 exchange degeneracy (EXD). However, these fits involve the use of the approximation mentioned. It is found that it is impossible to fit the sigmasub(tot)pp data in the range 6 2 EXD. This investigation shows that sigmasub(tot)pp data alone seem to indicate either a breaking of weak rho-f-ω-A 2 EXD or the presence of low-lying contributions, or both, provided the masses of the interacting particles in data fitting in the Regge region ((Pi)ab>=5GeV/c) are not ignored

Can the "standard" unitarized Regge models describe the TOTEM data?

CERN Document Server

Alkin, A; Martynov, E

2013-01-01

The standard Regge poles are considered as inputs for two unitarization methods: eikonal and U-matrix. It is shown that only models with three input pomerons and two input odderons can describe the high energy data on $pp$ and $\\bar pp$ elastic scattering including the new data from Tevatron and LHC. However, it seems that the both considered models require a further modification (e.g. nonlinear reggeon trajectories and/or nonexponential vertex functions) for a more satisfactory description of the data at 19.0 GeV$\\leq \\sqrt{s}\\leq$ 7 TeV and 0.01 $\\leq |t|\\leq $14.2 GeV$^{2}$.

Regularities in hadron systematics, Regge trajectories and a string quark model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chekanov, S.V.; Levchenko, B.B.

2006-08-01

An empirical principle for the construction of a linear relationship between the total angular momentum and squared-mass of baryons is proposed. In order to examine linearity of the trajectories, a rigorous least-squares regression analysis was performed. Unlike the standard Regge-Chew-Frautschi approach, the constructed trajectories do not have non-linear behaviour. A similar regularity may exist for lowest-mass mesons. The linear baryonic trajectories are well described by a semi-classical picture based on a spinning relativistic string with tension. The obtained numerical solution of this model was used to extract the (di)quark masses. (orig.)

Regge pole plus cut model for proton-antiproton elastic scattering at collider and tevatron energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aleem, Fazal; Saleem, Mohammad

1988-01-01

The Regge pole plus cut model has been used to explain the data at the collider energies √=546 and 630 GeV and the most recent differential cross-section results at √=1.8 TeV. Predictions of the model at 1.8 and 40 TeV are compared with those of Bourrely et al. (1984). (author). 22 refs., 7 figs

Distributed mean curvature on a discrete manifold for Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conboye, Rory; Miller, Warner A; Ray, Shannon

2015-01-01

The integrated mean curvature of a simplicial manifold is well understood in both Regge Calculus and Discrete Differential Geometry. However, a well motivated pointwise definition of curvature requires a careful choice of the volume over which to uniformly distribute the local integrated curvature. We show that hybrid cells formed using both the simplicial lattice and its circumcentric dual emerge as a remarkably natural structure for the distribution of this local integrated curvature. These hybrid cells form a complete tessellation of the simplicial manifold, contain a geometric orthonormal basis, and are also shown to give a pointwise mean curvature with a natural interpretation as the fractional rate of change of the normal vector. (paper)

Distributed mean curvature on a discrete manifold for Regge calculus

Science.gov (United States)

Conboye, Rory; Miller, Warner A.; Ray, Shannon

2015-09-01

The integrated mean curvature of a simplicial manifold is well understood in both Regge Calculus and Discrete Differential Geometry. However, a well motivated pointwise definition of curvature requires a careful choice of the volume over which to uniformly distribute the local integrated curvature. We show that hybrid cells formed using both the simplicial lattice and its circumcentric dual emerge as a remarkably natural structure for the distribution of this local integrated curvature. These hybrid cells form a complete tessellation of the simplicial manifold, contain a geometric orthonormal basis, and are also shown to give a pointwise mean curvature with a natural interpretation as the fractional rate of change of the normal vector.

Subleading Regge limit from a soft anomalous dimension

Science.gov (United States)

Brüser, Robin; Caron-Huot, Simon; Henn, Johannes M.

2018-04-01

Wilson lines capture important features of scattering amplitudes, for example soft effects relevant for infrared divergences, and the Regge limit. Beyond the leading power approximation, corrections to the eikonal picture have to be taken into account. In this paper, we study such corrections in a model of massive scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills, in the planar limit, where the mass is generated through a Higgs mechanism. Using known three-loop analytic expressions for the scattering amplitude, we find that the first power suppressed term has a very simple form, equal to a single power law. We propose that its exponent is governed by the anomalous dimension of a Wilson loop with a scalar inserted at the cusp, and we provide perturbative evidence for this proposal. We also analyze other limits of the amplitude and conjecture an exact formula for a total cross-section at high energies.

A critical Pomeron-s view of the total and triple-Regge inclusive cross-sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Della Selva, A.; Masperi, L.; Ungkitchanukit, A.; Roberto, V.

1977-04-01

An investigation of the total and triple Regge inclusive cross-sections is carried out using a critical pomeron in the framework of reggeon field theory with thresholds. For a model with P and the conventional P' and ω poles, the rise of the total cross-section cannot be accounted for. However, in a model with a single dual-unitarization type vacuum singularity and the ω pole, the data can be adequately described

Regge-like relation and a universal description of heavy-light systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Kan; Liu, Xiang [Lanzhou University, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou (China); Lanzhou University, Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou (China); Dong, Yubing [Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China); Theoretical Physics Center for Science Facilities (TPCSF), CAS, Beijing (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, Beijing (China); Lue, Qi-Fang [Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (China); Hunan Normal University, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Changsha (China); Matsuki, Takayuki [Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo (Japan); Nishina Center, RIKEN, Theoretical Research Division, Wako, Saitama (Japan)

2018-01-15

Using the Regge-like formula (M - m{sub Q}){sup 2} = πσL between hadron mass M and angular momentum L with a heavy quark mass m{sub Q} and a string tension σ, we analyze all the heavy-light systems, i.e., D/D{sub s}/B/B{sub s} mesons and charmed and bottom baryons. Numerical plots are obtained for all the heavy-light mesons of experimental data whose slope becomes nearly equal to 1/2 of that for light hadrons. Assuming that charmed and bottom baryons consist of one heavy quark and one light cluster of two light quarks (diquark), we apply the formula to all the heavy-light baryons including the recently discovered Ω{sub c} and find that these baryons experimentally measured satisfy the above formula. We predict the average mass values of B, B{sub s}, Λ{sub b}, Σ{sub c}, Ξ{sub c}, and Ω{sub c} with L = 2 to be 6.01, 6.13, 6.15, 3.05, 3.07, and 3.34 GeV, respectively. Our results on baryons suggest that these baryons can be safely regarded as heavy quark-light cluster configuration. We also find a universal description for all the heavy-light mesons as well as baryons, i.e., one unique line is enough to describe both of charmed and bottom heavy-light systems. Our results suggest that instead of mass itself, gluon flux energy is essential to obtain a linear trajectory. Our method gives a straight line for B{sub c} although the curved parent Regge trajectory was suggested before. (orig.)

Mesonic and baryonic Regge trajectories with quantized masses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hothi, N.; Bisht, S.

2011-01-01

We have constructed some Regge trajectories for mesons and baryons by taking the 70 MeV spinless mass quanta as the ultimate building block for the light hadrons. In order to make masses integral multiples of seventy, small changes in masses has been made with due explanation. We have shown how a linear relationship between J and M 2 is maintained by considering quantized hadron masses, which is a direct consequence of the string model and gives a strong clue for quark confinement. It has also been established that mesons and baryons have different slopes and the slopes of baryons is less than the slope of the mesons. This clearly defies the concept of universality of slopes (α ≅ 1.1 GeV 2 ) of hadrons, which can only be achieved if the strings joining the quarks have constant string tension α 1/(2πω) (where ω is the string tension). (author)

A Kirchhoff-like conservation law in Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gentle, Adrian P; Kheyfets, Arkady; McDonald, Jonathan R; Miller, Warner A

2009-01-01

Simplicial lattices provide an elegant framework for discrete spacetimes. The inherent orthogonality between a simplicial lattice and its circumcentric dual yields an austere representation of spacetime which provides a conceptually simple form of Einstein's geometric theory of gravitation. A sufficient understanding of simplicial spacetimes has been demonstrated in the literature for spacetimes devoid of all non-gravitational sources. However, this understanding has not been adequately extended to non-vacuum spacetime models. Consequently, a deep understanding of the diffeomorphic structure of the discrete theory is lacking. Conservation laws and symmetry properties are attractive starting points for coupling matter with the lattice. We present a simplicial form of the contracted Bianchi identity which is based on the E Cartan moment of rotation operator. This identity manifests itself in the conceptually simple form of a Kirchhoff-like conservation law. This conservation law enables one to extend Regge calculus to non-vacuum spacetimes and provides a deeper understanding of the simplicial diffeomorphism group.

Spin-dependent structure functions of sea quarks in the framework of nonperturbative QCD and new Regge trajectory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dorokhov, A.E.; Kochelev, N.I.

1991-01-01

Within the model of QCD vacuum as an instanton liquid the spin-dependent structure functions of sea quarks are obtained. It is shown that the EMC data manages the definition of new Regge trajectory connected with the axial anomaly. The model explains the modern experimental data on the sea quark structure functions. 23 refs.; 3 figs

Regge behaviour of structure function and gluon distribution at low-x in leading order

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarma, J.K.

2000-01-01

We present a method to find the gluon distribution from the F 2 proton structure function data at low-x assuming the Regge behaviour of the gluon distribution function at this limit. We use the leading order (LO) Altarelli-Parisi (AP) evolution equation in our analysis and compare our result with those of other authors. We also discuss the limitations of the Taylor expansion method in extracting the gluon distribution from the F 2 structure function used by those authors. (orig.)

On the role of individualized Regge poles in forming refractive structures in light and heavy ion scattering at large angles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznichenko, A.V.; Onyshchenko, G.M.; Pilipenko, V.V.; Burtebaev, N.; Zhurunbayeva, G.S.

2002-01-01

Investigation of the refraction structures in cross sections of nuclear scattering is a well-known method of probing the interior parts of the interaction region of colliding nuclei and attracts much attention. During recent years essential success was achieved in the experimental studies of scattering of light and heavy ions in wide scattering angle range. The studies were carried out not only in the energy region with standard nuclear rainbow behavior but also at energies near and below the critical energy of nuclear rainbow E cr which revealed well pronounced refractive structures in the angular distributions of the processes studied including rainbow-like maximums and anomalous large angle scattering. To analyze evolution of the refraction effects with energy a new S-matrix model, which can supplement the results of the analyses on the basis of commonly used optical potential approach. The S-matrix model takes into account of some Regge poles near the real axis ('individualized' poles), which addresses the case of energies near and below E cr . Basing on developed model a number a scattering patterns for system α+A, 16 O+ 16 O and 16 O+ 12 C at different energy values have been analyzed. The comparison with results of optical model analyses have been made. The studies were complemented by the analysis on basis of the modified Fuller procedure of decomposition of cross sections into near and far components with removing unphysical contributions. The results of analysis performed suggest the conclusion that the observed refractive structures at large angles (both the rainbow-like ones and ALAS) at E≤E cr are strongly affected by the above mentioned individualized Regge poles. Strictly saying, the scattering in this energy region is not a pure rainbow one, but is of transition character. The arising Regge poles can be considered as a quantum analog for the transition to the orbiting regime in the case of classical scattering. The notch test of the sensitivity

The Bethe roots of Regge cuts in strongly coupled N=4 SYM theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Schomerus, V.; Sprenger, M.

2015-01-01

We describe a general algorithm for the computation of the remainder function for n-gluon scattering in multi-Regge kinematics for strongly coupled planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. This regime is accessible through the infrared physics of an auxiliary quantum integrable system describing strings in AdS 5 ×S 5 . Explicit formulas are presented for n=6 and n=7 external gluons. Our results are consistent with expectations from perturbative gauge theory. This paper comprises the technical details for the results announced in http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2014)067.

Application of a Regge model to the photoproduction of pion pairs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bolz, Arthur; Sauter, Michel; Schoening, Andre [Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Ewerz, Carlo [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg (Germany); ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt (Germany); Maniatis, Markos [Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Avda. Andres Bello s/n, Casilla 447, Chillan 3780000 (Chile); Nachtmann, Otto [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg (Germany)

2015-07-01

In a recent publication (arXiv:1409.8483) a model in the spirit of Regge theory is used to describe the reaction γp → π{sup +}π{sup -} p at high energies. Both resonant pion-pion production via the meson resonances ρ(770), ω(782), ρ(1450) and f{sub 2}(1270) as well as non-resonant amplitudes are considered. Photon and proton interact by the exchange of the photon, the pomeron and reggeons as well as by a yet unobserved but possible odderon. Cross sections calculated from this model and their dependencies on various kinematic quantities are discussed and compared to experimental data. The focus is on angular distributions which feature asymmetries that could be used for an odderon discovery.

Regge vertex for quark production in the central rapidity region in the next-to-leading order

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozlov, M. G., E-mail: M.G.Kozlov@inp.nsk.su; Reznichenko, A. V., E-mail: A.V.Reznichenko@inp.nsk.su [Russian Academy of Sciences, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch (Russian Federation)

2016-03-15

The effective vertex for quark production in the interaction of a Reggeized quark and a Reggeized gluon is calculated in the next-to-leading order (NLO). The resulting vertex is the missing component of the NLO multi-Regge amplitude featuring quark and gluon exchanges in the t channels. This calculation will make it possible to develop in future the bootstrap approach to proving quark Reggeization in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation.

The proton structure function F sub 2 sup p (x, Q sup 2) at small x in the framework of extended Regge-Eikonal approach

CERN Document Server

Petrov, V A

2001-01-01

The behaviour of the proton structure function F sub 2 sup p (x, Q sup 2) in the region of small x is described in the framework of the generalized off-shell extention of the Regge-eikonal approach which automatically takes into account off-shell unitarity. A good quality is achieved of description of the experimental data for x < 10 sup - sup 2 and it is argued that the data on F sub 2 sup p (x, Q sup 2) measured at HERA can be fairly well described with classical universal Regge trajectories. No extra, hard trajectories of high intercept are needed for that. The x, Q sup 2 slopes and the effective intercept are discussed as functions of x and Q sup 2

Masses and Regge trajectories of triply heavy Ω{sub ccc} and Ω{sub bbb} baryons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shah, Zalak; Rai, Ajay Kumar [Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Surat, Gujarat (India)

2017-10-15

The excited state masses of triply charm and triply bottom Ω baryons are exhibited in the present study. The masses are computed for 1S-5S, 1P-5P, 1D-4D and 1F-2F states in the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) with the hyper Coulomb plus linear potential. The triply charm/bottom baryon masses are experimentally unknown so that the Regge trajectories are plotted using computed masses to assign the quantum numbers of these unknown states. (orig.)

On asymptotic solutions of Regge field theory in zero transverse dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bondarenko, S.; Horwitz, L.; Levitan, J.; Yahalom, A.

2013-01-01

An investigation of dynamical properties of solutions of a toy model of interacting Pomerons with triple vertex in zero transverse dimension is performed. Stable points and corresponding solutions at the limit of large rapidity are studied in the framework of a given model. It is shown that, at large rapidity, the “fan” amplitude is also a leading solution for the full RFT-0 (Regge Field Theory in zero transverse dimensions) Hamiltonian with both vertices of Pomeron splitting and merging included. An analytical form of the symmetrical solution of the equations of motion at high energy is obtained as well. For the solutions we have found, the scattering amplitude at large values of rapidity is calculated. Stability of the solutions is investigated by Lyapunov functions and the presence of closed cycles in solutions is demonstrated by the new method

Diphoton production at Tevatron in the quasi-multiple-Regge-kinematics approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saleev, V.A. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Samarskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Samara (Russian Federation)

2009-12-15

We study the production of prompt diphotons in the central region of rapidity within the frame- work of the quasi-multi-Regge-kinematics approach applying the hypothesis of quark and gluon Reggeization. We describe accurately and without free parameters the experimental data which were obtained by the CDF Collaboration at the Tevatron Collider. It is shown that the main contribution to studied process is given by the direct fusion of two Reggeized gluons into a photon pair, which is described by the effective Reggeon-Reggeon to particle-particle vertex. The contribution from the annihilation of Reggeized quark-antiquark pair into a diphoton is also considered. At the stage of numerical calculations we use the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription for unintegrated quark and gluon distribution functions, with the Martin-Roberts-Stirling-Thorne collinear parton densities for a proton as input. (orig.)

Tracing back resonances to families of Regge trajectories. New finite energy sum rules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mandelbrojt, Jacques.

1975-04-01

An amplitude is supposed to be expressed for large enough energies as a sum of contributions of Regge poles. Calling family of trajectories the set of trajectories which differ by integers from one of them, a correspondance, such that the energy and width of a given resonance depend on only family of trajectories, is established between resonances of the amplitude and families of trajectories. The contribution to the amplitude of each family of trajectories is shown to satisfy the same finite energy sum rules as does the amplitude itself. In these sum rules the resonance approximation can be made where the only resonances that will appear are those which are in correspondence with the family [fr

Regge trajectories and Hagedorn behavior: Hadronic realizations of dynamical dark matter

Science.gov (United States)

Dienes, Keith R.; Huang, Fei; Su, Shufang; Thomas, Brooks

2017-11-01

Dynamical Dark Matter (DDM) is an alternative framework for dark-matter physics in which the dark sector comprises a vast ensemble of particle species whose Standard-Model decay widths are balanced against their cosmological abundances. In this talk, we study the properties of a hitherto-unexplored class of DDM ensembles in which the ensemble constituents are the "hadronic" resonances associated with the confining phase of a strongly-coupled dark sector. Such ensembles exhibit masses lying along Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like densities of states that grow exponentially with mass. We investigate the applicable constraints on such dark-"hadronic" DDM ensembles and find that these constraints permit a broad range of mass and confinement scales for these ensembles. We also find that the distribution of the total present-day abundance across the ensemble is highly correlated with the values of these scales. This talk reports on research originally presented in Ref. [1].

Double Regge pole exchange model analysis of a 7 Gev/c. pi. /sup -/p experiment. [Absolute cross sections, one-particle exchange, diffraction scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chao, A C.L.

1973-01-01

A double Regge Pole Exchange Model is used to analyze Quasi-Three-Body final states selected from a 7 GeV/c - /sup -/p experiment. Three sets of data are analyzed namely: I ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/; II ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. p..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/; III ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/n. The final states, selected from data sets I, II and III are (rho/sup 0/..pi../sup -/p, f/sup 0/..pi../sup -/p, ..pi../sup -/..pi../sup -/..delta../sup + +/), (rho/sup 0/..pi../sup -/..delta../sup +/, rho/sup -/..pi..-..delta../sup + +/, ..omega pi../sup -/p) and (rho/sup 0/..pi../sup -/..delta../sup +/), respectively. It is found that these channels after appropriate kinematic cuts can be well described by exchanging two Regge Trajectories. Predictions for the absolute cross-sections were also obtained by taking limits of one particle exchange and a diffraction scattering approximation. (auth)

Proton-proton Scattering Above 3 GeV/c

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A. Sibirtsev, J. Haidenbauer, H.-W. Hammer S. Krewald ,Ulf-G. Meissner

2010-01-01

A large set of data on proton-proton differential cross sections, analyzing powers and the double-polarization parameter A{sub NN} is analyzed employing the Regge formalism. We find that the data available at proton beam momenta from 3 GeV/c to 50 GeV/c exhibit features that are very well in line with the general characteristics of Regge phenomenology and can be described with a model that includes the {rho}, {omega}, f{sub 2}, and a{sub 2} trajectories and single-Pomeron exchange. Additional data, specifically for spin-dependent observables at forward angles, would be very helpful for testing and refining our Regge model.

A geometric construction of the Riemann scalar curvature in Regge calculus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McDonald, Jonathan R; Miller, Warner A

2008-01-01

The Riemann scalar curvature plays a central role in Einstein's geometric theory of gravity. We describe a new geometric construction of this scalar curvature invariant at an event (vertex) in a discrete spacetime geometry. This allows one to constructively measure the scalar curvature using only clocks and photons. Given recent interest in discrete pre-geometric models of quantum gravity, we believe is it ever so important to reconstruct the curvature scalar with respect to a finite number of communicating observers. This derivation makes use of a new fundamental lattice cell built from elements inherited from both the original simplicial (Delaunay) spacetime and its circumcentric dual (Voronoi) lattice. The orthogonality properties between these two lattices yield an expression for the vertex-based scalar curvature which is strikingly similar to the corresponding hinge-based expression in Regge calculus (deficit angle per unit Voronoi dual area). In particular, we show that the scalar curvature is simply a vertex-based weighted average of deficits per weighted average of dual areas

A geometric construction of the Riemann scalar curvature in Regge calculus

Science.gov (United States)

McDonald, Jonathan R.; Miller, Warner A.

2008-10-01

The Riemann scalar curvature plays a central role in Einstein's geometric theory of gravity. We describe a new geometric construction of this scalar curvature invariant at an event (vertex) in a discrete spacetime geometry. This allows one to constructively measure the scalar curvature using only clocks and photons. Given recent interest in discrete pre-geometric models of quantum gravity, we believe is it ever so important to reconstruct the curvature scalar with respect to a finite number of communicating observers. This derivation makes use of a new fundamental lattice cell built from elements inherited from both the original simplicial (Delaunay) spacetime and its circumcentric dual (Voronoi) lattice. The orthogonality properties between these two lattices yield an expression for the vertex-based scalar curvature which is strikingly similar to the corresponding hinge-based expression in Regge calculus (deficit angle per unit Voronoi dual area). In particular, we show that the scalar curvature is simply a vertex-based weighted average of deficits per weighted average of dual areas.

Regge analysis of diffractive and leading baryon structure functions from deep inelastic scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Batista, M.; Covolan, R.J.M.; Montanha, J.

2002-01-01

In this paper we present a combined analysis of the H1 data on leading baryon and diffractive structure functions from DIS, which are handled as two components of the same semi-inclusive process. The available structure function data are analyzed in a series of fits in which three main exchanges are taken into account: the Pomeron, Reggeon, and pion. For each of these contributions, Regge factorization of the correspondent structure function is assumed. By this procedure, we extract information about the interface between the diffractive, Pomeron-dominated, region and the leading proton spectrum, which is mostly ruled by secondary exchanges. One of the main results is that the relative Reggeon contribution to the semi-inclusive structure function is much smaller than the one obtained from an analysis of the diffractive structure function alone

Pushing the asymptotics of the 6j-symbol further

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dupuis, Maiete; Livine, Etera R.

2009-01-01

In the context of spin-foam models for quantum gravity, we investigate the asymptotical behavior of the (6j)-symbol at next-to-leading order. This gives the first quantum gravity correction to the (3d) Regge action. We compute it analytically and check our results against numerical calculations. The (6j)-symbol is the building block of the Ponzano-Regge amplitudes for 3d quantum gravity, and the present analysis is directly relevant to deriving the quantum corrections to gravitational correlations in the spin-foam formalism.

Classical and quantum aspects of brane-world cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cordero, Ruben; Rojas, Efrain

2011-01-01

We give a brief overview of several models in brane-world cosmology. In particular, we focus on the asymmetric DGP and Regge-Teiltelboim models. We present the associated equations of motion governing the dynamics of the brane and their corresponding Friedmann-like equations. In order to develop the quantum Regge-Teiltelboim type cosmology we construct its Ostrogradski Hamiltonian formalism which naturally leads to the corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt equation. In addition, we comment on possible generalizations for these models including second order derivative geometrical terms.

Simplicial quantum gravity with higher derivative terms: Formalism and numerical results in four dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamber, H.W.; Williams, R.M.; Cambridge Univ.

1986-01-01

Higher derivative terms for Regge's formulation of lattice gravity are discussed. The analytic weak-field expansion for the regular tessellation α 5 of the four-sphere is presented. Preliminary numerical results for some computations in four dimensions are also discussed. (orig.)

Simulating ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions: Screening corrections

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

werner@nanhp2 (Klaus WERNER,,,)

It is an effective theory based on the Gribov–Regge formalism, ... sidering particle production (in particular in Monte–Carlo applications), but not for cross- .... That means the interaction's probability of proton's components is decreased by.

Amplitudes and exchange mechanisms for K*(890) and K*(1420) production. [Exchange degenerate Regge poles, 13 GeV/c, nonevasive cuts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estabrooks, P; Martin, A D [Durham Univ. (UK); Brandenburg, G W; Carnegie, R K; Cashmore, R J; Davier, M; Dunwoodie, W M; Lasinski, T A; Leith, D W.G.S.; Matthews, J A.J.

1976-02-16

The anti K*(890) and antiK*(1420) production amplitudes are determined using data on the reaction K/sup -/p..-->..K/sup -/..pi../sup +/n at 13 GeV/c. The energy dependence of anti K*(890) production is investigated by using in addition the corresponding data at 4 GeV/c. A simple model, based on exchange degenerate Regge poles together with non-evasive 'cut' contributions is found to provide a good description of all features of the data.

Nonlocal integrable PDEs from hierarchies of symmetry laws: The example of Pohlmeyer-Lund-Regge equation and its reflectionless potential solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Demontis, F.; Ortenzi, G.; van der Mee, C.

2018-04-01

By following the ideas presented by Fukumoto and Miyajima in Fukumoto and Miyajima (1996) we derive a generalized method for constructing integrable nonlocal equations starting from any bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy supplied with a recursion operator. This construction provides the right framework for the application of the full machinery of the inverse scattering transform. We pay attention to the Pohlmeyer-Lund-Regge equation coming from the nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy and construct the formula for the reflectionless potential solutions which are generalizations of multi-solitons. Some explicit examples are discussed.

Formal matrices

CERN Document Server

Krylov, Piotr

2017-01-01

This monograph is a comprehensive account of formal matrices, examining homological properties of modules over formal matrix rings and summarising the interplay between Morita contexts and K theory. While various special types of formal matrix rings have been studied for a long time from several points of view and appear in various textbooks, for instance to examine equivalences of module categories and to illustrate rings with one-sided non-symmetric properties, this particular class of rings has, so far, not been treated systematically. Exploring formal matrix rings of order 2 and introducing the notion of the determinant of a formal matrix over a commutative ring, this monograph further covers the Grothendieck and Whitehead groups of rings. Graduate students and researchers interested in ring theory, module theory and operator algebras will find this book particularly valuable. Containing numerous examples, Formal Matrices is a largely self-contained and accessible introduction to the topic, assuming a sol...

Inclusive b and b anti b production with quasi-multi-Regge kinematics at the Tevatron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kniehl, B.A. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Institut fuer Theoretische Physik; Saleev, V.A.; Shipilova, A.V. [Samara State University (Russian Federation)

2010-03-15

We consider b-jet hadroproduction in the quasi-multi-Regge-kinematics approach based on the hypothesis of gluon and quark Reggeization in t-channel exchanges at high energies. The preliminary data on inclusive b-jet and b anti b-dijet production taken by the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron are well described without adjusting parameters. We find the main contribution to inclusive b-jet production to be the scattering of a Reggeized gluon and a Reggeized b-quark to a b quark, which is described by the effective Reggeon-Reggeon-quark vertex. The main contribution to b anti b-pair production arises from the scattering of two Reggeized gluons to a b anti b pair, which is described by the effective Reggeon-Reggeon-quark-quark vertex. Our analysis is based on the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription for unintegrated gluon and quark distribution functions using as input the Martin-Roberts-Stirling-Thorne collinear parton distribution functions of the proton. (orig.)

Single jet and prompt-photon inclusive production with multi-Regge kinematics: From Tevatron to LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kniehl, B. A.; Saleev, V. A.; Shipilova, A. V.; Yatsenko, E. V.

2011-01-01

We study single jet and prompt-photon inclusive hadroproduction with multi-Regge kinematics invoking the hypothesis of parton Reggeization in t-channel exchanges at high energy. In this approach, the leading contributions are due to the fusion of two Reggeized gluons into a Yang-Mills gluon and the annihilation of a Reggeized quark-antiquark pair into a photon, respectively. Adopting the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin and Bluemlein prescriptions to derive unintegrated gluon and quark distribution functions of the proton from their collinear counterparts, for which we use the Martin-Roberts-Stirling-Thorne set, we evaluate cross section distributions in transverse momentum (p T ) and rapidity. Without adjusting any free parameters, we find good agreement with measurements by the CDF and D0 Collaborations at the Tevatron and by the ATLAS Collaboration at the LHC in the region 2p T /√(S) < or approx. 0.1, where √(S) is the hadronic c.m. energy.

Single jet and prompt-photon inclusive production with multi-Regge kinematics. From Tevatron to LHC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kniehl, B.A. [Santa Barbara Univ., Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Theoretical Physics; Saleev, V.A. [Samara State Univ. (Russian Federation); S.P. Korolyov Samara State Aerospace Univ. (Russian Federation); Shipilova, A.V. [Samara State Univ. (Russian Federation); Yatsenko, E.V. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik

2011-07-15

We study single jet and prompt-photon inclusive hadroproduction with multi-Regge kinematics invoking the hypothesis of parton Reggeization in t-channel exchanges at high energy. In this approach, the leading contributions are due to the fusion of two Reggeized gluons into a Yang-Mills gluon and the annihilation of a Reggeized quark-antiquark pair into a photon, respectively. Adopting the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription to derive unintegrated gluon and quark distribution functions of the proton from their collinear counterparts, for which we use the Martin-Roberts- Stirling-Thorne set, we evaluate cross section distributions in transverse momentum (p{sub T}) and rapidity. Without adjusting any free parameters, we find good agreement with measurements by the CDF and D0 Collaborations at the Tevatron and by the ATLAS Collaboration at the LHC in the region 2p{sub T}/{radical}(S)

Spectroscopy, decay properties and Regge trajectories of the B and Bs mesons

Science.gov (United States)

Kher, Virendrasinh; Devlani, Nayneshkumar; Rai, Ajay Kumar

2017-09-01

A Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of the mass spectra of the B and BS mesons using a Cornell potential incorporated with a 𝒪(1/m) correction in the potential energy term and expansion of the kinetic energy term up to 𝒪(p10) for relativistic correction of the Hamiltonian. The predicted excited states for the B and Bs mesons are in very good agreement with results obtained by experiment. We assign B2(5747) and Bs2(5840) as the 13P2 state, B1(5721) and Bs1(5830) as the 1P1 state, B0(5732) as the 13P0 state, Bs1(5850) as the state and B(5970) as the 23S1 state. We investigate the Regge trajectories in the (J,M2) and (nr,M2) planes with their corresponding parameters. The branching ratios for leptonic and radiative-leptonic decays are estimated for the B and BS mesons. Our results are in good agreement with experimental observations as well as outcomes of other theoretical models. A. K. Rai acknowledges the financial support extended by the Department of Science of Technology, India under SERB fast track scheme SR/FTP /PS-152/2012

Spinor formalism and complex-vector formalism of general relativity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han-ying, G.; Yong-shi, W.; Gendao, L.

1974-01-01

In this paper, using E. Cartan's exterior calculus, we give the spinor form of the structure equations, which leads naturally to the Newman--Penrose equations. Furthermore, starting from the spinor spaces and the el (2C) algebra, we construct the general complex-vector formalism of general relativity. We find that both the Cahen--Debever--Defrise complex-vector formalism and that of Brans are its special cases. Thus, the spinor formalism and the complex-vector formalism of general relativity are unified on the basis of the uni-modular group SL(2C) and its Lie algebra

Triple-Regge analysis of the fragmentation processes p→sup(K-)μ+ and K-→sup(p)μ+ at 4.2 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blokzijl, R.; Kluyver, J.C.; Wolters, G.F.; Metzger, W.J.; Kittel, E.W.; Shephard, W.D.; Grossman, P.; Lamb, P.

1977-01-01

The inclusive production of μ + in K - p interactions at 4.2 GeV/c has been studied. Both the target fragmentation of the proton into μ + and the beam fragmentation of the kaon into μ + have been analyzed with a triple-Regge model. In the pμ-bar + channel an effective exchange trajectory has been obtained which lies between the K and K(890) trajectories. For the K - μ-bar + channel a trajectory is found which may be interpreted as a δ trajectory lowered by one-half. (author)

Investigation into the limits of perturbation theory at low Q"2 using HERA deep inelastic scattering data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abt, I.; Myronenko, V.; Wichmann, K.; Wing, M.

2017-01-01

A phenomenological study of the final combined HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been performed. The data are presented and investigated for a kinematic range extending from values of the four-momentum transfer, Q"2, above 10"4 GeV"2 down to the lowest values observable at HERA of Q"2=0.045 GeV"2 and Bjorken x, x_B_j=6.10"-"7. The data are well described by fits based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using collinear factorisation and evolution of the parton densities encompassed in the DGLAP formalism from the highest Q"2 down to Q"2 of a few GeV"2. The Regge formalism with the soft Pomeron pole can describe the data up to Q"2∼0.65 GeV"2. The complete data set can be described by a new fit using the Abramowicz-Levin-Levy-Maor (ALLM) parameterisation. The region between the Regge and the perturbative QCD regimes is of particular interest.

SBME : Exploring boundaries between formal, non-formal, and informal learning

OpenAIRE

Shahoumian, Armineh; Parchoma, Gale; Saunders, Murray; Hanson, Jacky; Dickinson, Mike; Pimblett, Mark

2013-01-01

In medical education learning extends beyond university settings into practice. Non-formal and informal learning support learners’ efforts to meet externally set and learner-identified objectives. In SBME research, boundaries between formal, non-formal, and informal learning have not been widely explored. Whether SBME fits within or challenges these categories can make a contribution. Formal learning is described in relation to educational settings, planning, assessment, and accreditation. In...

Formalization of Database Systems -- and a Formal Definition of {IMS}

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørner, Dines; Løvengreen, Hans Henrik

1982-01-01

Drawing upon an analogy between Programming Language Systems and Database Systems we outline the requirements that architectural specifications of database systems must futfitl, and argue that only formal, mathematical definitions may 6atisfy these. Then we illustrate home aspects and touch upon...... come ueee of formal definitions of data models and databaee management systems. A formal model of INS will carry this discussion. Finally we survey some of the exkting literature on formal definitions of database systems. The emphasis will be on constructive definitions in the denotationul semantics...... style of the VCM: Vienna Development Nethd. The role of formal definitions in international standardiaation efforts is briefly mentioned....

Study of Λ-production in target fragmentation region from rhorho interactions at 360 GeV/c in the triple regge framework

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aziz, T.; Banerjee, S.; Ganguli, S.N.; Malhotra, P.K.; Raghavan, R.; Bailly, J.L.; Herquet, P.; Bruyant, F.; Caso, C.; Hrubec, J.; Marin, J.C.; Montanet, L.; Chiba, Y.; Epp, B.; Girtler, P.; Fontanelli, F.; Squarcia, S.; Trevisan, U.; Gemesy, T.; Pinter, G.; Matsumoto, S.; Mittra, I.S.; Singh, J.B.; Takahashi, K.; Tikhonova, L.A.

1985-01-01

A study of Λ production has been made in the target fragmentation region from pp interactions at 360 GeV/c. The triple Regge analysis of the double differential distribution d 2 N/d(M 2 /s)dt led to an estimate of the kaon trajectory intercept as approx.=-0.6. Comparison of the double and single inclusive distributions supports the idea of Pomeron factorization. The charged multiplicities and moments from virtual 'K + 'p interactions have been studied as a function of M, the c.m. energy of the virtual 'K + 'p system. The results agree reasonably well with the on shell K + p data. (orig.)

SELF-EFFICACY OF FORMALLY AND NON-FORMALLY TRAINED PUBLIC SECTOR TEACHERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Nadeem ANWAR

2009-07-01

Full Text Available The main objective of the study was to compare the formally and non-formally trained in-service public sector teachers’ Self-efficacy. Five hypotheses were developed describing no difference in the self-efficacy of formally and non-formally trained teachers to influence decision making, influence school resources, instructional self-efficacy, disciplinary self-efficacy and create positive school climate. Teacher Efficacy Instrument (TSES developed by Bandura (2001 consisting of thirty 9-point items was used in the study. 342 formally trained and 255 non-formally trained respondents’ questionnaires were received out of 1500 mailed. The analysis of data revealed that the formally trained public sector teachers are high in their self-efficacy on all the five categories: to influence decision making, to influence school resources, instructional self-efficacy, disciplinary self-efficacy and self-efficacy to create positive school climate.

Masses of Formal Philosophy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Masses of Formal Philosophy is an outgrowth of Formal Philosophy. That book gathered the responses of some of the most prominent formal philosophers to five relatively open and broad questions initiating a discussion of metaphilosophical themes and problems surrounding the use of formal methods i...... in philosophy. Including contributions from a wide range of philosophers, Masses of Formal Philosophy contains important new responses to the original five questions.......Masses of Formal Philosophy is an outgrowth of Formal Philosophy. That book gathered the responses of some of the most prominent formal philosophers to five relatively open and broad questions initiating a discussion of metaphilosophical themes and problems surrounding the use of formal methods...

Geometry of lattice field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honan, T.J.

1986-01-01

Using some tools of algebraic topology, a general formalism for lattice field theory is presented. The lattice is taken to be a simplicial complex that is also a manifold and is referred to as a simplicial manifold. The fields on this lattice are cochains, that are called lattice forms to emphasize the connections with differential forms in the continuum. This connection provides a new bridge between lattice and continuum field theory. A metric can be put onto this simplicial manifold by assigning lengths to every link or I-simplex of the lattice. Regge calculus is a way of defining general relativity on this lattice. A geometric discussion of Regge calculus is presented. The Regge action, which is a discrete form of the Hilbert action, is derived from the Hilbert action using distribution valued forms. This is a new derivation that emphasizes the underlying geometry. Kramers-Wannier duality in statistical mechanics is discussed in this general setting. Nonlinear field theories, which include gauge theories and nonlinear sigma models are discussed in the continuum and then are put onto a lattice. The main new result here is the generalization to curved spacetime, which consists of making the theory compatible with Regge calculus

Formalizing Informal Logic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas Walton

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a formalization of informal logic using the Carneades Argumentation System (CAS, a formal, computational model of argument that consists of a formal model of argument graphs and audiences. Conflicts between pro and con arguments are resolved using proof standards, such as preponderance of the evidence. CAS also formalizes argumentation schemes. Schemes can be used to check whether a given argument instantiates the types of argument deemed normatively appropriate for the type of dialogue.

Relation of gauge formalisms for pulsations of general-relativistic stellar models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Price, R.H.; Ipser, J.R.

1991-01-01

There have been two recent reformulations of the equations for even-parity perturbations of general-relativistic stellar models, in both of which fluid perturbation variables are absent in the final set of equations. The recent reformulation by Chandrasekhar and Ferrari uses the diagonal coordinate gauge and leads to a fifth-order system of differential equations; we have recently presented a reformulation, based on the Regge-Wheeler coordinate gauge, which leads to a fourth-order system. The difference in the orders is similar to that for perturbations of Schwarzschild and of Reissner-Nordstroem black holes; in both cases the diagonal-gauge formulation led to a system one degree higher than that for equations based on the Regge-Wheeler gauge. For perturbations of holes, however, the equations could be reduced by one degree. We show that this is the case also for the Chandrasekhar-Ferrari equations for stellar perturbations. More important, we show that the extra degree of freedom, in all descriptions based on the diagonal gauge, is due to the fact that the diagonal gauge is an incomplete constraint on coordinates; a one degree of freedom set of gauge transformations can be made within the diagonal gauge. This previously unnoticed degree of freedom is responsible for the extra degree of freedom in the Chandrasekhar-Ferrari equations, and the related black-hole equations. It also provides an a priori solution with which those equations can be reduced

Fixed-topology Lorentzian triangulations: Quantum Regge Calculus in the Lorentzian domain

Science.gov (United States)

Tate, Kyle; Visser, Matt

2011-11-01

A key insight used in developing the theory of Causal Dynamical Triangu-lations (CDTs) is to use the causal (or light-cone) structure of Lorentzian manifolds to restrict the class of geometries appearing in the Quantum Gravity (QG) path integral. By exploiting this structure the models developed in CDTs differ from the analogous models developed in the Euclidean domain, models of (Euclidean) Dynamical Triangulations (DT), and the corresponding Lorentzian results are in many ways more "physical". In this paper we use this insight to formulate a Lorentzian signature model that is anal-ogous to the Quantum Regge Calculus (QRC) approach to Euclidean Quantum Gravity. We exploit another crucial fact about the structure of Lorentzian manifolds, namely that certain simplices are not constrained by the triangle inequalities present in Euclidean signa-ture. We show that this model is not related to QRC by a naive Wick rotation; this serves as another demonstration that the sum over Lorentzian geometries is not simply related to the sum over Euclidean geometries. By removing the triangle inequality constraints, there is more freedom to perform analytical calculations, and in addition numerical simulations are more computationally efficient. We first formulate the model in 1 + 1 dimensions, and derive scaling relations for the pure gravity path integral on the torus using two different measures. It appears relatively easy to generate "large" universes, both in spatial and temporal extent. In addition, loopto-loop amplitudes are discussed, and a transfer matrix is derived. We then also discuss the model in higher dimensions.

Formality in Brackets

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Garsten, Christina; Nyqvist, Anette

Ethnographic work in formal organizations involves learning to recognize the many layers of front stage and back stage of organized life, and to bracket formality. It means to be alert to the fact that what is formal and front stage for one some actors, and in some situations, may in fact be back...... stage and informal for others. Walking the talk, donning the appropriate attire, wearing the proper suit, may be part of what is takes to figure out the code of formal organizational settings – an entrance ticket to the backstage, as it were. Oftentimes, it involves a degree of mimicry, of ‘following...... suits’ (Nyqvist 2013), and of doing ‘ethnography by failure’ (Garsten 2013). In this paper, we explore the layers of informality and formality in our fieldwork experiences among financial investors and policy experts, and discuss how to ethnographically represent embodied fieldwork practices. How do we...

Refraction effects in 16O + 16O scattering at energy of 124-1120 MeV and S matrix model with Regge poles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznichenko, A.V.; Onishchenko, G.M.; Pilipenko, V.V.; Dem'yanova, A.S.; Burtebaev, N.

2003-01-01

The analysis of the cross sections of the 16 O + 16 O nuclei elastic scattering by the energy of 124, 145, 250, 350, 480, 704 and 1120 MeV is carried out on the basis of the phenomenological S-matrix model. It is shown, that by high energy the refraction behavior of the opalescent-type cross sections is well described by the simple smooth dependence of the S-matrix on the angular moment and by the energy E ≤ 480 MeV the opalescent-type structures are strongly effected by the Regge poles and S-matrix zeroes, close to the actual axis. The comparison with the results of the cross sections by the optical model is carried out [ru

Investigation into the limits of perturbation theory at low Q{sup 2} using HERA deep inelastic scattering data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abt, I. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Muenchen (Germany). Werner-Heisenberg-Institut; Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Foster, B. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Hamburg Univ. (Germany). I. Inst. of Experimental Physics; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Myronenko, V.; Wichmann, K. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Wing, M. [University College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

2017-07-18

A phenomenological study of the final combined HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been performed. The data are presented and investigated for a kinematic range extending from values of the four-momentum transfer, Q{sup 2}, above 10{sup 4} GeV{sup 2} down to the lowest values observable at HERA of Q{sup 2}=0.045 GeV{sup 2} and Bjorken x, x{sub Bj}=6.10{sup -7}. The data are well described by fits based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using collinear factorisation and evolution of the parton densities encompassed in the DGLAP formalism from the highest Q{sup 2} down to Q{sup 2} of a few GeV{sup 2}. The Regge formalism with the soft Pomeron pole can describe the data up to Q{sup 2}∼0.65 GeV{sup 2}. The complete data set can be described by a new fit using the Abramowicz-Levin-Levy-Maor (ALLM) parameterisation. The region between the Regge and the perturbative QCD regimes is of particular interest.

Software Formal Inspections Guidebook

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

The Software Formal Inspections Guidebook is designed to support the inspection process of software developed by and for NASA. This document provides information on how to implement a recommended and proven method for conducting formal inspections of NASA software. This Guidebook is a companion document to NASA Standard 2202-93, Software Formal Inspections Standard, approved April 1993, which provides the rules, procedures, and specific requirements for conducting software formal inspections. Application of the Formal Inspections Standard is optional to NASA program or project management. In cases where program or project management decide to use the formal inspections method, this Guidebook provides additional information on how to establish and implement the process. The goal of the formal inspections process as documented in the above-mentioned Standard and this Guidebook is to provide a framework and model for an inspection process that will enable the detection and elimination of defects as early as possible in the software life cycle. An ancillary aspect of the formal inspection process incorporates the collection and analysis of inspection data to effect continual improvement in the inspection process and the quality of the software subjected to the process.

Perturbative quantum chromodynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radyushkin, A.V.

1987-01-01

The latest achievements in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) relating to the progress in factorization of small and large distances are presented. The following problems are concerned: Development of the theory of Sudakov effects on the basis of mean contour formalism. Development of nonlocal condensate formalism. Calculation of hadron wave functions and hadron distribution functions using QCD method of sum rules. Development of the theory of Regge behaviour in QCD, behaviour of structure functions at small x. Study of polarization effects in hadron processes with high momentum transfer

Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning in the Sciences

Science.gov (United States)

Ainsworth, Heather L.; Eaton, Sarah Elaine

2010-01-01

This research report investigates the links between formal, non-formal and informal learning and the differences between them. In particular, the report aims to link these notions of learning to the field of sciences and engineering in Canada and the United States, including professional development of adults working in these fields. It offers…

Two-dimensional QCD as a model for strong interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.

1977-01-01

After an introduction to the formalism of two-dimensional QCD, its applications to various strong interaction processes are reviewed. Among the topics discussed are spectroscopy, deep inelastic cross-sections, ''hard'' processes involving hadrons, ''Regge'' behaviour, the existence of the Pomeron, and inclusive hadron cross-sections. Attempts are made to abstracts features useful for four-dimensional QCD phenomenology. (author)

Fear of the Formal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

du Gay, Paul; Lopdrup-Hjorth, Thomas

Over recent decades, institutions exhibiting high degrees of formality have come in for severe criticism. From the private to the public sector, and across a whole spectrum of actors spanning from practitioners to academics, formal organization is viewed with increasing doubt and skepticism....... In a “Schumpetarian world” (Teece et al., 1997: 509) of dynamic competition and incessant reform, formal organization appears as well suited to survival as a fish out of water. Indeed, formal organization, and its closely overlapping semantic twin bureaucracy, are not only represented as ill suited to the realities...... is that formal organization is an obstacle to be overcome. For that very reason, critics, intellectuals and reformers alike have urged public and private organizations to break out of the stifling straightjacket of formality, to dispense with bureaucracy, and to tear down hierarchies. This could either be done...

Necessity of Integral Formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tao Yong

2011-01-01

To describe the physical reality, there are two ways of constructing the dynamical equation of field, differential formalism and integral formalism. The importance of this fact is firstly emphasized by Yang in case of gauge field [Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 (1974) 445], where the fact has given rise to a deeper understanding for Aharonov-Bohm phase and magnetic monopole [Phys. Rev. D 12 (1975) 3845]. In this paper we shall point out that such a fact also holds in general wave function of matter, it may give rise to a deeper understanding for Berry phase. Most importantly, we shall prove a point that, for general wave function of matter, in the adiabatic limit, there is an intrinsic difference between its integral formalism and differential formalism. It is neglect of this difference that leads to an inconsistency of quantum adiabatic theorem pointed out by Marzlin and Sanders [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 160408]. It has been widely accepted that there is no physical difference of using differential operator or integral operator to construct the dynamical equation of field. Nevertheless, our study shows that the Schrödinger differential equation (i.e., differential formalism for wave function) shall lead to vanishing Berry phase and that the Schrödinger integral equation (i.e., integral formalism for wave function), in the adiabatic limit, can satisfactorily give the Berry phase. Therefore, we reach a conclusion: There are two ways of describing physical reality, differential formalism and integral formalism; but the integral formalism is a unique way of complete description. (general)

Pragmatics for formal semantics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danvy, Olivier

2011-01-01

This tech talk describes how to write and how to inter-derive formal semantics for sequential programming languages. The progress reported here is (1) concrete guidelines to write each formal semantics to alleviate their proof obligations, and (2) simple calculational tools to obtain a formal...

Industrial use of formal methods formal verification

CERN Document Server

Boulanger, Jean-Louis

2012-01-01

At present the literature gives students and researchers of the very general books on the formal technics. The purpose of this book is to present in a single book, a return of experience on the used of the "formal technics" (such proof and model-checking) on industrial examples for the transportation domain. This book is based on the experience of people which are completely involved in the realization and the evaluation of safety critical system software based.  The implication of the industrialists allows to raise the problems of confidentiality which could appear and so allow

Formal Verification -26 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

by testing of the components and successful testing leads to the software being ... Formal verification is based on formal methods which are mathematically based ..... scenario under which a similar error could occur. There are various other ...

A Comparison of Participation Patterns in Selected Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Online Learning Environments

Science.gov (United States)

Schwier, Richard A.; Seaton, J. X.

2013-01-01

Does learner participation vary depending on the learning context? Are there characteristic features of participation evident in formal, non-formal, and informal online learning environments? Six online learning environments were chosen as epitomes of formal, non-formal, and informal learning contexts and compared. Transcripts of online…

Absorption of mass and angular momentum by a black hole: Time-domain formalisms for gravitational perturbations, and the small-hole or slow-motion approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poisson, Eric

2004-01-01

The first objective of this work is to obtain practical prescriptions to calculate the absorption of mass and angular momentum by a black hole when external processes produce gravitational radiation. These prescriptions are formulated in the time domain (in contrast with the frequency-domain formalism of Teukolsky and Press) within the framework of black-hole perturbation theory. Two such prescriptions are presented. The first is based on the Teukolsky equation and it applies to general (rotating) black holes. The second is based on the Regge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations and it applies to nonrotating black holes. The second objective of this work is to apply the time-domain absorption formalisms to situations in which the black hole is either small or slowly moving; the mass of the black hole is then assumed to be much smaller than the radius of curvature of the external spacetime in which the hole moves. In the context of this small-hole/slow-motion approximation, the equations of black-hole perturbation theory can be solved analytically, and explicit expressions can be obtained for the absorption of mass and angular momentum. The changes in the black-hole parameters can then be understood in terms of an interaction between the tidal gravitational fields supplied by the external universe and the hole's tidally-induced mass and current quadrupole moments. For a nonrotating black hole the quadrupole moments are proportional to the rate of change of the tidal fields on the hole's world line. For a rotating black hole they are proportional to the tidal fields themselves. When placed in identical environments, a rotating black hole absorbs more energy and angular momentum than a nonrotating black hole

Improving Learner Outcomes in Lifelong Education: Formal Pedagogies in Non-Formal Learning Contexts?

Science.gov (United States)

Zepke, Nick; Leach, Linda

2006-01-01

This article explores how far research findings about successful pedagogies in formal post-school education might be used in non-formal learning contexts--settings where learning may not lead to formal qualifications. It does this by examining a learner outcomes model adapted from a synthesis of research into retention. The article first…

About some Regge-like relations for (stable) black holes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recami, E.; Tonin Zanchin, V.

1991-08-01

Within a purely classical formulation of ''strong gravity'', we associated hadron constituents (and even hadrons themselves) with suitable stationary, axisymmetric solutions of certain new Einstein-type equations supposed to describe the strong field inside hadrons. Such equations are nothing but Einstein equations - with cosmological term - suitably scaled down. As a consequence, the cosmological constant Λ and the masses M result in our theory to be scaled up and transformed into a ''hadronic constant'' and into ''strong masses'', respectively. Due to the unusual range of Λ and M values considered, we met a series of solutions of the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (KNdS) type with such interesting properties that it is worth studying them - from our particular point of view - also in the case of ordinary gravity. This is the aim of the present work. The requirement that those solutions be stable, i.e., that their temperature (or surface gravity) be vanishingly small, implies the coincidence of at least two of their (in general, three) horizons. Imposing the stability condition of a certain horizon does yield (once chosen the values of J, q and Λ) mass and radius of the associated black-hole. In the case of ordinary Einstein equations and for stable black-holes of the KNdS type, we get in particular Regge-like relations among mass M, angular momentum J, charge q and cosmological constant Λ. For instance, with the standard definitions Q 2 is identical to Gq 2 /(4πε 0 c 4 ); a is identical to J/(Mc); m is identical to GM/c 2 , in the case Λ = 0 in which m 2 = a 2 + Q 2 and if q is negligible we find m 2 = J. When considering, for simplicity, Λ > 0 and J = 0 (and q still negligible), then we obtain m 2 = 1/(9Λ). In the most general case, the condition, for instance, of ''triple coincidence'' among the three horizons yields for modul Λa 2 2 = 2/(9Λ); m 2 = 8(a 2 + Q 2 )/9. Another interesting point is that - with few exceptions - all such relations (among M

Combining Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning for Workforce Skill Development

Science.gov (United States)

Misko, Josie

2008-01-01

This literature review, undertaken for Australian Industry Group, shows how multiple variations and combinations of formal, informal and non-formal learning, accompanied by various government incentives and organisational initiatives (including job redesign, cross-skilling, multi-skilling, diversified career pathways, action learning projects,…

Spinorial Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like temperatures. Spinorial space-time and preons as an alternative to strings

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Mestres, Luis

2016-11-01

The development of the statistical bootstrap model for hadrons, quarks and nuclear matter occurred during the 1960s and the 1970s in a period of exceptional theoretical creativity. And if the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons as fundamental particles was then operated, a transition from standard particles to preons and from the standard space-time to a spinorial one may now be necessary, including related pre-Big Bang scenarios. We present here a brief historical analysis of the scientific problematic of the 1960s in Particle Physics and of its evolution until the end of the 1970s, including cosmological issues. Particular attention is devoted to the exceptional role of Rolf Hagedorn and to the progress of the statistical boostrap model until the experimental search for the quark-gluon plasma started being considered. In parallel, we simultaneously expose recent results and ideas concerning Particle Physics and in Cosmology, an discuss current open questions. Assuming preons to be constituents of the physical vacuum and the standard particles excitations of this vacuum (the superbradyon hypothesis we introduced in 1995), together with a spinorial space-time (SST), a new kind of Regge trajectories is expected to arise where the angular momentum spacing will be of 1/2 instead of 1. Standard particles can lie on such Regge trajectories inside associated internal symmetry multiplets, and the preonic vacuum structure can generate a new approach to Quantum Field Theory. As superbradyons are superluminal preons, some of the vacuum excitations can have critical speeds larger than the speed of light c, but the cosmological evolution selects by itself the particles with the smallest critical speed (the speed of light). In the new Particle Physics and Cosmology emerging from the pattern thus developed, Hagedornlike temperatures will naturally be present. As new space, time, momentum and energy scales are expected to be generated by the preonic vacuum dynamics, the

Beyond formalism

Science.gov (United States)

Denning, Peter J.

1991-01-01

The ongoing debate over the role of formalism and formal specifications in software features many speakers with diverse positions. Yet, in the end, they share the conviction that the requirements of a software system can be unambiguously specified, that acceptable software is a product demonstrably meeting the specifications, and that the design process can be carried out with little interaction between designers and users once the specification has been agreed to. This conviction is part of a larger paradigm prevalent in American management thinking, which holds that organizations are systems that can be precisely specified and optimized. This paradigm, which traces historically to the works of Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s, is no longer sufficient for organizations and software systems today. In the domain of software, a new paradigm, called user-centered design, overcomes the limitations of pure formalism. Pioneered in Scandinavia, user-centered design is spreading through Europe and is beginning to make its way into the U.S.

Integrated formal operations plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cort, G.; Dearholt, W.; Donahue, S.; Frank, J.; Perkins, B.; Tyler, R.; Wrye, J.

1994-01-05

The concept of formal operations (that is, a collection of business practices to assure effective, accountable operations) has vexed the Laboratory for many years. To date most attempts at developing such programs have been based upon rigid, compliance-based interpretations of a veritable mountain of Department of Energy (DOE) orders, directives, notices, and standards. These DOE dictates seldom take the broad view but focus on highly specialized programs isolated from the overall context of formal operations. The result is a confusing array of specific, and often contradictory, requirements that produce a patchwork of overlapping niche programs. This unnecessary duplication wastes precious resources, dramatically increases the complexity of our work processes, and communicates a sense of confusion to our customers and regulators. Coupled with the artificial divisions that have historically existed among the Laboratory`s formal operations organizations (quality assurance, configuration management, records management, training, etc.), this approach has produced layers of increasingly vague and complex formal operations plans, each of which interprets its parent and adds additional requirements of its own. Organizational gridlock ensues whenever an activity attempts to implement these bureaucratic monstrosities. The integrated formal operations plan presented is to establish a set of requirements that must be met by an integrated formal operations program, assign responsibilities for implementation and operation of the program, and specify criteria against which the performance of the program will be measured. The accountable line manager specifies the items, processes, and information (the controlled elements) to which the formal operations program specified applies. The formal operations program is implemented using a graded approach based on the level of importance of the various controlled elements and the scope of the activities in which they are involved.

Integrating semi-formal and formal requirements

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wieringa, Roelf J.; Olivé, Antoni; Dubois, Eric; Pastor, Joan Antoni; Huyts, Sander

1997-01-01

In this paper, we report on the integration of informal, semiformal and formal requirements specification techniques. We present a framework for requirements specification called TRADE, within which several well-known semiformal specification techniques are placed. TRADE is based on an analysis of

Understanding the nature of {\Lambda }\left(1405\right) through Regge physics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernández-Ramírez, César; Danilkin, Igor V.; Mathieu, Vincent; Szczepaniak, Adam P.

2016-04-01

It appears that there are two resonances with $J^P= 1/2^-$ quantum numbers in the energy region near the $\\Lambda(1405)$ hyperon. The nature of these states is a topic of current debate. To provide further insight we use Regge phenomenology to access how these two resonances fit the established hyperon spectrum. We find that only one of these resonances is compatible with a three-quark state.

Formal System Verification - Extension 2

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-08

vision of truly trustworthy systems has been to provide a formally verified microkernel basis. We have previously developed the seL4 microkernel...together with a formal proof (in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL) of its functional correctness [6]. This means that all the behaviours of the seL4 C...source code are included in the high-level, formal specification of the kernel. This work enabled us to provide further formal guarantees about seL4 , in

Psychologist in non-formal education

OpenAIRE

Pavićević Miljana S.

2011-01-01

Learning is not limited to school time. It starts at birth and continues throughout the entire life. Equally important as formal education there are also non-formal and informal education. Any kind of learning outside the traditional school can be called informal. However, it is not easy to define non-formal education because it is being described differently, for example as an education movement, process, system… Projects and programs implemented under the name of non-formal education are of...

Topical Roots of Formal Dialectic

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Krabbe, Erik C. W.

Formal dialectic has its roots in ancient dialectic. We can trace this influence in Charles Hamblin's book on fallacies, in which he introduced his first formal dialectical systems. Earlier, Paul Lorenzen proposed systems of dialogical logic, which were in fact formal dialectical systems avant la

Lending Policies of Informal, Formal, and Semi-formal Lenders: Evidence from Vietnam

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lensink, B.W.; Pham, T.T.T.

2007-01-01

This paper compares lending policies of formal, informal and semiformal lenders with respect to household lending in Vietnam. The analysis suggests that the probability of using formal or semiformal credit increases if borrowers provide collateral, a guarantor and/or borrow for business-related

Concepciones acerca de la maternidad en la educación formal y no formal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvarado Calderón, Kathia

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación desarrollada en el Instituto de Investigación en Educación (INIE, bajo el nombre "Construcción del concepto de maternidad en la educación formal y no formal". Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo de investigación, recurrimos a las técnicas de elaboración de dibujos, entrevistas y grupo focal como recursos para la recolección de la información. De esta manera, podemos acercarnos a las concepciones de la maternidad que utilizan los participantes de las diferentes instancias educativas (formal y no formal con quienes se trabajó. This article presents some results the research developed in the Instituto de Investigación en Educación (INIE, named "Construcción del concepto de maternidad en la educación formal y no formal". It begins with a theoretical analysis about social conceptions regarding motherhood in the occidental societies. Among the techniques for gathering information were thematic drawing, interview and focus group, using a qualitative approach research method. This is followed by a brief summary of main findings. The article concludes with a proposal of future working lines for the deconstruction of the motherhood concept in formal and informal education contexts.

Dual unitarization scheme with several trajectories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chaichiam, M.; Hayashi, M.

1977-12-01

Consequences of bootstrap with several input Regge trajectories are investigated. We find that in a formal treatment of bootstrap the consistency requires the intercept of output Pomeron pole in the one-dimensional case to be larger than one: αsub(B)(0) > 1, a situation reminiscent of the one in the Reggeon field theory. Symmetry breakings of the Pomeron couplings are derived. These couplings coincide with those of the f-dominated Pomeron model of Carlitz-Green-Zee in the approximation, when in the unitarity loops only highest Regge trajectories are included. The case when all possible trajectories are exchanged is also discussed. Predictions of dual unitary model for the slopes of differential cross section for diffractive scattering are made which differ from the ones of the CGZ model. Comparison with the experimentally available data is done. (author)

Formalized Informal Learning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Levinsen, Karin Tweddell; Sørensen, Birgitte Holm

2013-01-01

are examined and the relation between network society competences, learners’ informal learning strategies and ICT in formalized school settings over time is studied. The authors find that aspects of ICT like multimodality, intuitive interaction design and instant feedback invites an informal bricoleur approach....... When integrated into certain designs for teaching and learning, this allows for Formalized Informal Learning and support is found for network society competences building....

The base of the iceberg: informal learning and its impact on formal and non-formal learning

OpenAIRE

Rogers, Alan

2014-01-01

The author looks at learning (formal, non-formal and informal) and examines the hidden world of informal (unconscious, unplanned) learning. He points out the importance of informal learning for creating tacit attitudes and values, knowledge and skills which influence (conscious, planned) learning - formal and non-formal. Moreover, he explores the implications of informal learning for educational planners and teachers in the context of lifelong learning. While mainly aimed at adult educators, ...

Formalized Epistemology, Logic, and Grammar

Science.gov (United States)

Bitbol, Michel

The task of a formal epistemology is defined. It appears that a formal epistemology must be a generalization of "logic" in the sense of Wittgenstein's Tractatus. The generalization is required because, whereas logic presupposes a strict relation between activity and language, this relation may be broken in some domains of experimental enquiry (e.g., in microscopic physics). However, a formal epistemology should also retain a major feature of Wittgenstein's "logic": It must not be a discourse about scientific knowledge, but rather a way of making manifest the structures usually implicit in knowledge-gaining activity. This strategy is applied to the formalism of quantum mechanics.

Indigenous Knowledge and Education from the Quechua Community to School: Beyond the Formal/Non-Formal Dichotomy

Science.gov (United States)

Sumida Huaman, Elizabeth; Valdiviezo, Laura Alicia

2014-01-01

In this article, we propose to approach Indigenous education beyond the formal/non-formal dichotomy. We argue that there is a critical need to conscientiously include Indigenous knowledge in education processes from the school to the community; particularly, when formal systems exclude Indigenous cultures and languages. Based on ethnographic…

New procedure for departure formalities

CERN Multimedia

HR & GS Departments

2011-01-01

As part of the process of simplifying procedures and rationalising administrative processes, the HR and GS Departments have introduced new personalised departure formalities on EDH. These new formalities have applied to students leaving CERN since last year and from 17 October 2011 this procedure will be extended to the following categories of CERN personnel: Staff members, Fellows and Associates. It is planned to extend this electronic procedure to the users in due course. What purpose do departure formalities serve? The departure formalities are designed to ensure that members of the personnel contact all the relevant services in order to return any necessary items (equipment, cards, keys, dosimeter, electronic equipment, books, etc.) and are aware of all the benefits to which they are entitled on termination of their contract. The new departure formalities on EDH have the advantage of tailoring the list of services that each member of the personnel must visit to suit his individual contractual and p...

Concepts of formal concept analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Žáček, Martin; Homola, Dan; Miarka, Rostislav

2017-07-01

The aim of this article is apply of Formal Concept Analysis on concept of world. Formal concept analysis (FCA) as a methodology of data analysis, information management and knowledge representation has potential to be applied to a verity of linguistic problems. FCA is mathematical theory for concepts and concept hierarchies that reflects an understanding of concept. Formal concept analysis explicitly formalizes extension and intension of a concept, their mutual relationships. A distinguishing feature of FCA is an inherent integration of three components of conceptual processing of data and knowledge, namely, the discovery and reasoning with concepts in data, discovery and reasoning with dependencies in data, and visualization of data, concepts, and dependencies with folding/unfolding capabilities.

Critical formalism or digital biomorphology. The contemporary architecture formal dilema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Villanueva Cajide

2018-05-01

Full Text Available With the dawn of digital media the architecture’s formal possibilities reached a level unknown before. The Guggenheim Museo branch in Bilbao appears in 1993 as the materialisation of the possibilities of the use of digital tools in architecture’s design, starting the development of a digital based architecture which currently has reached an exhaustion level that is evident in the repetition biomorphologic shapes emerged from the digital determinism to which some contemporary architectural practices have converged. While the digitalisation of the architectural process is irreversible and desirable, it is necessary to rethink the terms of this collaboration beyond the possibilities of the digital tools themselves. This article proposes to analyse seven texts written in the very moment when digitalisation became a real possibility, between Gehry’s conception of the Guggenheim Museum in 1992 and the Congress on Morphogenesis hold in the Architectural Association in 2004, in order to explore the possibility of reversing the process that has led to the formal exhaustion of digital architecture, from the acceptance of incorporating strategies coming from a contemporary critical formalism.

Y-formalism and b ghost in the non-minimal pure spinor formalism of superstrings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oda, Ichiro; Tonin, Mario

2007-01-01

We present the Y-formalism for the non-minimal pure spinor quantization of superstrings. In the framework of this formalism we compute, at the quantum level, the explicit form of the compound operators involved in the construction of the b ghost, their normal-ordering contributions and the relevant relations among them. We use these results to construct the quantum-mechanical b ghost in the non-minimal pure spinor formalism. Moreover we show that this non-minimal b ghost is cohomologically equivalent to the non-covariant b ghost

Geometry and Formal Linguistics.

Science.gov (United States)

Huff, George A.

This paper presents a method of encoding geometric line-drawings in a way which allows sets of such drawings to be interpreted as formal languages. A characterization of certain geometric predicates in terms of their properties as languages is obtained, and techniques usually associated with generative grammars and formal automata are then applied…

Formal Testing of Correspondence Carrying Software

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bujorianu, M.C.; Bujorianu, L.M.; Maharaj, S.

2008-01-01

Nowadays formal software development is characterised by use of multitude formal specification languages. Test case generation from formal specifications depends in general on a specific language, and, moreover, there are competing methods for each language. There is a need for a generic approach to

Formal Women-only Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Villesèche, Florence; Josserand, Emmanuel

2017-01-01

/organisations and the wider social group of women in business. Research limitations/implications: The authors focus on the distinction between external and internal formal women-only networks while also acknowledging the broader diversity that can characterise such networks. Their review provides the reader with an insight...... member level, the authors suggest that such networks can be of value for organisations and the wider social group of women in management and leadership positions.......Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the emerging literature on formal women-only business networks and outline propositions to develop this under-theorised area of knowledge and stimulate future research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors review the existing literature on formal...

Formal analysis of design process dynamics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bosse, T.; Jonker, C.M.; Treur, J.

2010-01-01

This paper presents a formal analysis of design process dynamics. Such a formal analysis is a prerequisite to come to a formal theory of design and for the development of automated support for the dynamics of design processes. The analysis was geared toward the identification of dynamic design

Formal Analysis of Design Process Dynamics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bosse, T.; Jonker, C.M.; Treur, J.

2010-01-01

This paper presents a formal analysis of design process dynamics. Such a formal analysis is a prerequisite to come to a formal theory of design and for the development of automated support for the dynamics of design processes. The analysis was geared toward the identification of dynamic design

Formalizing the concept of sound.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaper, H. G.; Tipei, S.

1999-08-03

The notion of formalized music implies that a musical composition can be described in mathematical terms. In this article we explore some formal aspects of music and propose a framework for an abstract approach.

Formal Analysis of Domain Models

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bharadwaj, Ramesh

2002-01-01

Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the application of formal methods, in particular, precise formal notations and automatic analysis tools for the creation and analysis of requirements specifications (i.e...

Formal Methods for Life-Critical Software

Science.gov (United States)

Butler, Ricky W.; Johnson, Sally C.

1993-01-01

The use of computer software in life-critical applications, such as for civil air transports, demands the use of rigorous formal mathematical verification procedures. This paper demonstrates how to apply formal methods to the development and verification of software by leading the reader step-by-step through requirements analysis, design, implementation, and verification of an electronic phone book application. The current maturity and limitations of formal methods tools and techniques are then discussed, and a number of examples of the successful use of formal methods by industry are cited.

Scalable Techniques for Formal Verification

CERN Document Server

Ray, Sandip

2010-01-01

This book presents state-of-the-art approaches to formal verification techniques to seamlessly integrate different formal verification methods within a single logical foundation. It should benefit researchers and practitioners looking to get a broad overview of the spectrum of formal verification techniques, as well as approaches to combining such techniques within a single framework. Coverage includes a range of case studies showing how such combination is fruitful in developing a scalable verification methodology for industrial designs. This book outlines both theoretical and practical issue

A Survey of Formal Methods in Software Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørner, Dines

2012-01-01

The use of formal methods and formal techniques in industry is steadily growing. In this survey we shall characterise what we mean by software development and by a formal method; briefly overview a history of formal specification languages - some of which are: VDM (Vienna Development Method, 1974...... need for multi-language formalisation (Petri Nets, MSC, StateChart, Temporal Logics); the sociology of university and industry acceptance of formal methods; the inevitability of the use of formal software development methods; while referring to seminal monographs and textbooks on formal methods....

The four-loop remainder function and multi-Regge behavior at NNLLA in planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dixon, Lance J. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309 (United States); Drummond, James M. [CERN,Geneva 23 (Switzerland); School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); LAPTH, CNRS et Université de Savoie,F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex (France); Duhr, Claude [Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, University of Durham,Durham, DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Pennington, Jeffrey [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309 (United States)

2014-06-19

We present the four-loop remainder function for six-gluon scattering with maximal helicity violation in planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory, as an analytic function of three dual-conformal cross ratios. The function is constructed entirely from its analytic properties, without ever inspecting any multi-loop integrand. We employ the same approach used at three loops, writing an ansatz in terms of hexagon functions, and fixing coefficients in the ansatz using the multi-Regge limit and the operator product expansion in the near-collinear limit. We express the result in terms of multiple polylogarithms, and in terms of the coproduct for the associated Hopf algebra. From the remainder function, we extract the BFKL eigenvalue at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NNLLA), and the impact factor at N{sup 3}LLA. We plot the remainder function along various lines and on one surface, studying ratios of successive loop orders. As seen previously through three loops, these ratios are surprisingly constant over large regions in the space of cross ratios, and they are not far from the value expected at asymptotically large orders of perturbation theory.

The Integration of Formal and Non-formal Education: The Dutch “brede school”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

du Bois-Reymond, Manuela

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The Dutch “brede school” (BS development originates in the 1990s and has spread unevenly since: quicker in the primary than secondary educational sector. In 2007, there were about 1000 primary and 350 secondary BS schools and it is the intention of the government as well as the individual municipalities to extend that number and make the BS the dominant school form of the near future. In the primary sector, a BS cooperates with crèche and preschool facilities, besides possible other neighborhood partners. The main targets are, first, to enhance educational opportunities, particularly for children with little (western- cultural capital, and secondly to increase women’s labor market participation by providing extra familial care for babies and small children. All primary schools are now obliged to provide such care. In the secondary sector, a BS is less neighborhood-orientated than a primary BS because those schools are bigger and more often located in different buildings. As in the primary sector, there are broad and more narrow BS, the first profile cooperating with many non-formal and other partners and facilities and the second with few. On the whole, there is a wide variety of BS schools, with different profiles and objectives, dependent on the needs and wishes of the initiators and the neighborhood. A BS is always the result of initiatives of the respective school and its partners: parents, other neighborhood associations, municipality etc. BS schools are not enforced by the government although the general trend will be that existing school organizations transform into BS. The integration of formal and non-formal education and learning is more advanced in primary than secondary schools. In secondary education, vocational as well as general, there is a clear dominance of formal education; the non-formal curriculum serves mainly two lines and objectives: first, provide attractive leisure activities and second provide compensatory

Formalizing Probabilistic Safety Claims

Science.gov (United States)

Herencia-Zapana, Heber; Hagen, George E.; Narkawicz, Anthony J.

2011-01-01

A safety claim for a system is a statement that the system, which is subject to hazardous conditions, satisfies a given set of properties. Following work by John Rushby and Bev Littlewood, this paper presents a mathematical framework that can be used to state and formally prove probabilistic safety claims. It also enables hazardous conditions, their uncertainties, and their interactions to be integrated into the safety claim. This framework provides a formal description of the probabilistic composition of an arbitrary number of hazardous conditions and their effects on system behavior. An example is given of a probabilistic safety claim for a conflict detection algorithm for aircraft in a 2D airspace. The motivation for developing this mathematical framework is that it can be used in an automated theorem prover to formally verify safety claims.

Augmenting Reality and Formality of Informal and Non-Formal Settings to Enhance Blended Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Sanagustin, Mar; Hernández-Leo, Davinia; Santos, Patricia; Kloos, Carlos Delgado; Blat, Josep

2014-01-01

Visits to museums and city tours have been part of higher and secondary education curriculum activities for many years. However these activities are typically considered "less formal" when compared to those carried out in the classroom, mainly because they take place in informal or non-formal settings. Augmented Reality (AR) technologies…

Superfield formalism

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

dimensional superfields, is a clear signature of the presence of the (anti-)BRST invariance in the original. 4D theory. Keywords. Non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory; Dirac fields; (anti-)Becchi–Roucet–Stora–. Tyutin invariance; superfield formalism; ...

MOOC & B-Learning: Students' Barriers and Satisfaction in Formal and Non-Formal Learning Environments

Science.gov (United States)

Gutiérrez-Santiuste, Elba; Gámiz-Sánchez, Vanesa-M.; Gutiérrez-Pérez, Jose

2015-01-01

The study presents a comparative analysis of two virtual learning formats: one non-formal through a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and the other formal through b-learning. We compare the communication barriers and the satisfaction perceived by the students (N = 249) by developing a qualitative analysis using semi-structured questionnaires and…

Formality of the Chinese collective leadership.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haiying; Graesser, Arthur C

2016-09-01

We investigated the linguistic patterns in the discourse of four generations of the collective leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1921 to 2012. The texts of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao were analyzed using computational linguistic techniques (a Chinese formality score) to explore the persuasive linguistic features of the leaders in the contexts of power phase, the nation's education level, power duration, and age. The study was guided by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, which includes a central route (represented by formal discourse) versus a peripheral route (represented by informal discourse) to persuasion. The results revealed that these leaders adopted the formal, central route more when they were in power than before they came into power. The nation's education level was a significant factor in the leaders' adoption of the persuasion strategy. The leaders' formality also decreased with their increasing age and in-power times. However, the predictability of these factors for formality had subtle differences among the different types of leaders. These results enhance our understanding of the Chinese collective leadership and the role of formality in politically persuasive messages.

40 years of formal methods

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørner, Dines; Havelund, Klaus

2014-01-01

In this "40 years of formal methods" essay we shall first delineate, Sect. 1, what we mean by method, formal method, computer science, computing science, software engineering, and model-oriented and algebraic methods. Based on this, we shall characterize a spectrum from specification-oriented met...

Exclusive rho^0 electroproduction on the proton at CLAS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morrow, Steven; Guidal, Michel; Garcon, Michel; Laget, Jean; Smith, Elton; Adams, Gary; Adhikari, Krishna; Aghasyan, Mher; Amaryan, Moscov; Amaryan, Moskov; Anghinolfi, Marco; Asryan, G.; Audit, Gerard; Avagyan, Harutyun; Bagdasaryan, H.; Baillie, Nathan; Ball, J.P.; Ball, Jacques; Baltzell, Nathan; Barrow, Steve; Battaglieri, Marco; Bedlinskiy, Ivan; Bektasoglu, Mehmet; Bellis, Matthew; Benmouna, Nawal; Berman, Barry; Biselli, Angela; Blaszczyk, Lukasz; Bonner, Billy; Bookwalter, Craig; Bouchigny, Sylvain; Boyarinov, Sergey; Bradford, Robert; Branford, Derek; Briscoe, William; Brooks, William; Bultmann, S.; Bueltmann, Stephen; Burkert, Volker; Butuceanu, Cornel; Calarco, John; Careccia, Sharon; Carman, Daniel; Carnahan, Bryan; Casey, Liam; Cazes, Antoine; Chen, Shifeng; Cheng, Lu; Cole, Philip; Collins, Patrick; Coltharp, Philip; Cords, Dieter; Corvisiero, Pietro; Crabb, Donald; Crannell, Hall; Crede, Volker; Cummings, John; Dale, Daniel; Dashyan, Natalya; De Masi, Rita; De Vita, Raffaella; De Sanctis, Enzo; Degtiarenko, Pavel; Denizli, Haluk; Dennis, Lawrence; Deur, Alexandre; Dhamija, Seema; Dharmawardane, Kahanawita; Dhuga, Kalvir; Dickson, Richard; Didelez, Jean-Pierre; Djalali, Chaden; Dodge, Gail; Doughty, David; Dugger, Michael; Dytman, Steven; Dzyubak, Oleksandr; Egiyan, Hovanes; Egiyan, Kim; Elfassi, Lamiaa; Elouadrhiri, Latifa; Eugenio, Paul; Fatemi, Renee; Fedotov, Gleb; Fersch, Robert; Feuerbach, Robert; Forest, Tony; Fradi, Ahmed; Gavalian, Gagik; Gevorgyan, Nerses; Gilfoyle, Gerard; Giovanetti, Kevin; Girod, Francois-Xavier; Goetz, John; Gohn, Wesley; Gordon, Christopher; Gothe, Ralf; Graham, Lewis; Griffioen, Keith; Guillo, Matthieu; Guler, Nevzat; Guo, Lei; Gyurjyan, Vardan; Hadjidakis, Cynthia; Hafidi, Kawtar; Hakobyan, Hayk; Hanretty, Charles; Hardie, John; Hassall, Neil; Heddle, David; Hersman, F.; Hicks, Kenneth; Hleiqawi, Ishaq; Holtrop, Maurik; Hourany, E.; Hyde, Charles; Ilieva, Yordanka; Ireland, David; Ishkhanov, Boris; Isupov, Evgeny; Ito, Mark; Jenkins, David; Jo, Hyon-Suk; Johnstone, John; Joo, Kyungseon; Juengst, Henry; Kalantarians, Narbe; Keller, Dustin; Kellie, James; Khandaker, Mahbubul; Khetarpal, Puneet; Kim, Wooyoung; Klein, Andreas; Klein, Franz; Klimenko, Alexei; Kossov, Mikhail; Kramer, Laird; Kubarovsky, Valery; Kuhn, Joachim; Kuhn, Sebastian; Kuleshov, Sergey; Kuznetsov, Viacheslav; Lachniet, Jeff; Langheinrich, Jorn; Lawrence, Dave; Li, Ji; Livingston, Kenneth; Lu, Haiyun; MacCormick, Marion; Marchand, Claude; Markov, Nikolai; Mattione, Paul; McAleer, Simeon; McCracken, Michael; McKinnon, Bryan; McNabb, John; Mecking, Bernhard; Mehrabyan, Surik; Melone, Joseph; Mestayer, Mac; Meyer, Curtis; Mibe, Tsutomu; Mikhaylov, Konstantin; Minehart, Ralph; Mirazita, Marco; Miskimen, Rory; Mokeev, Viktor; Morand, Ludyvine; Moreno, Brahim; Moriya, Kei; Moteabbed, Maryam; Mueller, James; Munevar Espitia, Edwin; Mutchler, Gordon; Nadel-Turonski, Pawel; Nasseripour, Rakhsha; Niccolai, Silvia; Niculescu, Gabriel; Niculescu, Maria-Ioana; Niczyporuk, Bogdan; Niroula, Megh; Niyazov, Rustam; Nozar, Mina; O' Rielly, Grant; Osipenko, Mikhail; Ostrovidov, Alexander; Park, Kijun; Park, Sungkyun; Pasyuk, Evgueni; Paterson, Craig; Pereira, S.Anefalos; Philips, Sasha; Pierce, Joshua; Pivnyuk, Nikolay; Pocanic, Dinko; Pogorelko, Oleg; Polli, Ermanno; Popa, Iulian; Pozdnyakov, Sergey; Preedom, Barry; Price, John; Procureur, Sebastien; Prok, Yelena; Protopopescu, Dan; Qin, Liming; Raue, Brian; Riccardi, Gregory; Ricco, Giovanni; Ripani, Marco; Ritchie, Barry; Rosner, Guenther; Rossi, Patrizia; Rubin, Philip; Sabatie, Franck; Saini, Mukesh; Salamanca, Julian; Salgado, Carlos; Santoro, Joseph; Sapunenko, Vladimir; Schott, Diane; Schumacher, Reinhard; Serov, Vladimir; Sharabian, Youri; Sharov, Dmitri; Shvedunov, Nikolay; Skabelin, Alexander; Smith, Lee; Sober, Daniel; Sokhan, Daria; Stavinskiy, Aleksey; Stepanyan, Samuel; Stepanyan, Stepan; Stokes, Burnham; Stoler, Paul; Strakovski, Igor; Strauch, Steffen; Taiuti, Mauro

2009-01-01

The $e p\\to e^\\prime p \\rho^0$ reaction has been measured, using the 5.754 GeV electron beam of Jefferson Lab and the CLAS detector. This represents the largest ever set of data for this reaction in the valence region. Integrated and differential cross sections are presented. The $W$, $Q^2$ and $t$ dependences of the cross section are compared to theoretical calculations based on $t$-channel meson-exchange Regge theory on the one hand and on quark handbag diagrams related to Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) on the other hand. The Regge approach can describe at the $\\approx$ 30% level most of the features of the present data while the two GPD calculations that are presented in this article which succesfully reproduce the high energy data strongly underestimate the present data. The question is then raised whether this discrepancy originates from an incomplete or inexact way of modelling the GPDs or the associated hard scattering amplitude or whether the GPD formalism is simply in

A Formalization of Linkage Analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ingolfsdottir, Anna; Christensen, A.I.; Hansen, Jens A.

In this report a formalization of genetic linkage analysis is introduced. Linkage analysis is a computationally hard biomathematical method, which purpose is to locate genes on the human genome. It is rooted in the new area of bioinformatics and no formalization of the method has previously been ...

Fundamentals of the Pure Spinor Formalism

CERN Document Server

Hoogeveen, Joost

2010-01-01

This thesis presents recent developments within the pure spinor formalism, which has simplified amplitude computations in perturbative string theory, especially when spacetime fermions are involved. Firstly the worldsheet action of both the minimal and the non-minimal pure spinor formalism is derived from first principles, i.e. from an action with two dimensional diffeomorphism and Weyl invariance. Secondly the decoupling of unphysical states in the minimal pure spinor formalism is proved

Leibniz' First Formalization of Syllogistics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Robering, Klaus

2014-01-01

of letters just those which belong to the useful, i.e., valid, modes. The set of codes of valid modes turns out to be a so-called "regular" language (in the sense of formal-language-theory). Leibniz' formalization of syllogistics in his Dissertatio thus contains an estimation of the computational complexity...

Formalizing the concept phase of product development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schuts, M.; Hooman, J.

2015-01-01

We discuss the use of formal techniques to improve the concept phase of product realisation. As an industrial application, a new concept of interventional X-ray systems has been formalized, using model checking techniques and the simulation of formal models. cop. Springer International Publishing

A survey of formal languages for contracts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hvitved, Tom

2010-01-01

In this short paper we present the current status on formal languages and models for contracts. By a formal model is meant an unambiguous and rigorous representation of contracts, in order to enable their automatic validation, execution, and analysis — activates that are collectively referred...... to as contract lifecycle management (CLM). We present a set of formalism requirements, which represent features that any ideal contract model should support, based on which we present a comparative survey of existing contract formalisms....

20 CFR 702.336 - Formal hearings; new issues.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Formal hearings; new issues. 702.336 Section... Procedures Formal Hearings § 702.336 Formal hearings; new issues. (a) If, during the course of the formal hearing, the evidence presented warrants consideration of an issue or issues not previously considered...

The Interrelatedness of Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning: Evidence from Labour Market Program Participants

Science.gov (United States)

Cameron, Roslyn; Harrison, Jennifer L.

2012-01-01

Definitions, differences and relationships between formal, non-formal and informal learning have long been contentious. There has been a significant change in language and reference from adult education to what amounts to forms of learning categorised by their modes of facilitation. Nonetheless, there is currently a renewed interest in the…

Digital Resource Developments for Mathematics Education Involving Homework across Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Settings

Science.gov (United States)

Radovic, Slaviša; Passey, Don

2016-01-01

The aim of this paper is to explore further an under-developed area--how drivers of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment conceptions and practices shape the creation and uses of technologically based resources to support mathematics learning across informal, non-formal and formal learning environments. The paper considers: the importance of…

NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, OVEREDUCATION AND WAGES

OpenAIRE

SANDRA NIETO; RAÚL RAMOS

2013-01-01

Why do overeducated workers participate in non-formal education activities? Do not they suffer from an excess of education? Using microdata from the Spanish sample of the 2007 Adult Education Survey, we have found that overeducated workers participate more than the rest in non-formal education and that they earn higher wages than overeducated workers who did not participate. This result can be interpreted as evidence that non-formal education allows overeducated workers to acquire new abiliti...

40 CFR 35.938-4 - Formal advertising.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Formal advertising. 35.938-4 Section 35... advertising. Each contract shall be awarded after formal advertising, unless negotiation is permitted in accordance with § 35.936-18. Formal advertising shall be in accordance with the following: (a) Adequate...

Seniority in projection operator formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ullah, N.

1976-01-01

It is shown that the concept of seniority can be introduced in projection operator formalism through the use of the operator Q, which has been defined by de-Shalit and Talmi. The usefulness of seniority concept in projection operator formalism is discussed. An example of four nucleons in j=3/2 configuration is given for illustrative purposes

A Mathematical Formalization Proposal for Business Growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gheorghe BAILESTEANU

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Economic sciences have known a spectacular evolution in the last century; beginning to use axiomatic methods, applying mathematical instruments as a decision-making tool. The quest to formalization needs to be addressed from various different angles, reducing entry and operating formal costs, increasing the incentives for firms to operate formally, reducing obstacles to their growth, and searching for inexpensive approaches through which to enforce compliancy with government regulations. This paper proposes a formalized approach to business growth, based on mathematics and logics, taking into consideration the particularities of the economic sector.

What Determines Firms’ Decisions to Formalize?

OpenAIRE

Neil McCulloch; Günther G. Schulze; Janina Voss

2010-01-01

In this paper we analyze the decision of small and micro firms to formalize, i.e. to obtain business and other licenses in rural Indonesia. We use the rural investment climate survey (RICS) that consists of non-farm rural enterprises, most of them microenterprises, and analyze the effect of formalization on tax payments, corruption, access to credit and revenue, taking into account the endogeneity of the formalization decision to such benefits and costs. We show, contrary to most of the liter...

Lifelong Learning to Empowerment: Beyond Formal Education

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Alexis; Balasubramanian, K.; Atieno, Rosemary; Onyango, James

2018-01-01

This paper discusses the relevance of lifelong learning vis-à-vis the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and stresses the need for an approach blending formal education, non-formal and informal learning. The role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in moving beyond formal education and the importance of integrating pedagogy, andragogy and…

Formal Symplectic Groupoid of a Deformation Quantization

Science.gov (United States)

Karabegov, Alexander V.

2005-08-01

We give a self-contained algebraic description of a formal symplectic groupoid over a Poisson manifold M. To each natural star product on M we then associate a canonical formal symplectic groupoid over M. Finally, we construct a unique formal symplectic groupoid ‘with separation of variables’ over an arbitrary Kähler-Poisson manifold.

multiPDEVS: A Parallel Multicomponent System Specification Formalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Damien Foures

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Based on multiDEVS formalism, we introduce multiPDEVS, a parallel and nonmodular formalism for discrete event system specification. This formalism provides combined advantages of PDEVS and multiDEVS approaches, such as excellent simulation capabilities for simultaneously scheduled events and components able to influence each other using exclusively their state transitions. We next show the soundness of the formalism by giving a construction showing that any multiPDEVS model is equivalent to a PDEVS atomic model. We then present the simulation procedure associated, usually called abstract simulator. As a well-adapted formalism to express cellular automata, we finally propose to compare an implementation of multiPDEVS formalism with a more classical Cell-DEVS implementation through a fire spread application.

Ostrogradski Hamiltonian approach for geodetic brane gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cordero, Ruben; Molgado, Alberto; Rojas, Efrain

2010-01-01

We present an alternative Hamiltonian description of a branelike universe immersed in a flat background spacetime. This model is named geodetic brane gravity. We set up the Regge-Teitelboim model to describe our Universe where such field theory is originally thought as a second order derivative theory. We refer to an Ostrogradski Hamiltonian formalism to prepare the system to its quantization. This approach comprize the manage of both first- and second-class constraints and the counting of degrees of freedom follows accordingly.

The role of formal specifications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McHugh, J.

1994-01-01

The role of formal requirements specification is discussed under the premise that the primary purpose of such specifications is to facilitate clear and unambiguous communications among the communities of interest for a given project. An example is presented in which the failure to reach such an understanding resulted in an accident at a chemical plant. Following the example, specification languages based on logical formalisms and notations are considered. These are rejected as failing to serve the communications needs of diverse communities. The notion of a specification as a surrogate for a program is also considered and rejected. The paper ends with a discussion of the type of formal notation that will serve the communications role and several encouraging developments are noted

Bridging In-school and Out-of-school Learning: Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Education

Science.gov (United States)

Eshach, Haim

2007-04-01

The present paper thoroughly examines how one can effectively bridge in-school and out-of-school learning. The first part discusses the difficulty in defining out-of-school learning. It proposes to distinguish three types of learning: formal, informal, and non-formal. The second part raises the question of whether out-of-school learning should be dealt with in the in-school system, in view of the fact that we experience informal learning anyway as well as considering the disadvantages and difficulties teachers are confronted with when planning and carrying out scientific fieldtrips. The voices of the teachers, the students, and the non-formal institution staff are heard to provide insights into the problem. The third part discusses the cognitive and affective aspects of non-formal learning. The fourth part presents some models explaining scientific fieldtrip learning and based on those models, suggests a novel explanation. The fifth part offers some recommendations of how to bridge in and out-of-school learning. The paper closes with some practical ideas as to how one can bring the theory described in the paper into practice. It is hoped that this paper will provide educators with an insight so that they will be able to fully exploit the great potential that scientific field trips may offer.

Toward a formal ontology for narrative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ciotti, Fabio

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper the rationale and the first draft of a formal ontology for modeling narrative texts are presented. Building on the semiotic and structuralist narratology, and on the work carried out in the late 1980s by Giuseppe Gigliozzi in Italy, the focus of my research are the concepts of character and of narrative world/space. This formal model is expressed in the OWL 2 ontology language. The main reason to adopt a formal modeling approach is that I consider the purely probabilistic-quantitative methods (now widespread in digital literary studies inadequate. An ontology, on one hand provides a tool for the analysis of strictly literary texts. On the other hand (though beyond the scope of the present work, its formalization can also represent a significant contribution towards grounding the application of storytelling methods outside of scholarly contexts.

Industrial Practice in Formal Methods : A Review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bicarregui, Juan C.; Fitzgerald, John; Larsen, Peter Gorm

2009-01-01

We examine the the industrial application of formal methods using data gathered in a review of 62 projects taking place over the last 25 years. The review suggests that formal methods are being applied in a wide range of application domains, with increasingly strong tool support. Significant chal...... challenges remain in providing usable tools that can be integrated into established development processes; in education and training; in taking formal methods from first use to second use, and in gathering and evidence to support informed selection of methods and tools.......We examine the the industrial application of formal methods using data gathered in a review of 62 projects taking place over the last 25 years. The review suggests that formal methods are being applied in a wide range of application domains, with increasingly strong tool support. Significant...

Formal verification - Robust and efficient code: Introduction to Formal Verification

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2016-01-01

In general, FV means "proving that certain properties hold for a given system using formal mathematics". This definition can certainly feel daunting, however, as we will learn, we can reap benefits from the paradigm without digging too deep into ...

Formalization of the Resolution Calculus for First-Order Logic

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schlichtkrull, Anders

2016-01-01

A formalization in Isabelle/HOL of the resolution calculus for first-order logic is presented. Its soundness and completeness are formally proven using the substitution lemma, semantic trees, Herbrand’s theorem, and the lifting lemma. In contrast to previous formalizations of resolution, it consi......A formalization in Isabelle/HOL of the resolution calculus for first-order logic is presented. Its soundness and completeness are formally proven using the substitution lemma, semantic trees, Herbrand’s theorem, and the lifting lemma. In contrast to previous formalizations of resolution...

Formalizing Evaluation in Music Information Retrieval

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sturm, Bob L.

2013-01-01

We develop a formalism to disambiguate the evaluation of music information retrieval systems. We define a ``system,'' what it means to ``analyze'' one, and make clear the aims, parts, design, execution, interpretation, and assumptions of its ``evaluation.'' We apply this formalism to discuss...

A computational formalization for partial evaluation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hatcliff, John; Danvy, Olivier

1997-01-01

We formalize a partial evaluator for Eugenio Moggi's computational metalanguage. This formalization gives an evaluation-order independent view of binding-time analysis and program specialization, including a proper treatment of call unfolding. It also enables us to express the essence of `control...

Informal work and formal plans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalsted, Rikke Juul; Hølge-Hazelton, Bibi; Kousgaard, Marius Brostrøm

2012-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Formal pathways models outline that patients should receive information in order to experience a coherent journey but do not describe an active role for patients or their relatives. The aim of this is paper is to articulate and discuss the active role of patients during their cancer...... trajectories. METHODS AND THEORY: An in-depth case study of patient trajectories at a Danish hospital and surrounding municipality using individual interviews with patients. Theory about trajectory and work by Strauss was included. RESULTS: Patients continuously took initiatives to organize their treatment....... The patients' requests were not sufficiently supported in the professional organisation of work or formal planning. Patients' insertion and use of information in their trajectories challenged professional views and working processes. And the design of the formal pathway models limits the patients' active...

Formalisms for reuse and systems integration

CERN Document Server

Rubin, Stuart

2015-01-01

Reuse and integration are defined as synergistic concepts, where reuse addresses how to minimize redundancy in the creation of components; while, integration focuses on component composition. Integration supports reuse and vice versa. These related concepts support the design of software and systems for maximizing performance while minimizing cost. Knowledge, like data, is subject to reuse; and, each can be interpreted as the other. This means that inherent complexity, a measure of the potential utility of a system, is directly proportional to the extent to which it maximizes reuse and integration. Formal methods can provide an appropriate context for the rigorous handling of these synergistic concepts. Furthermore, formal languages allow for non ambiguous model specification; and, formal verification techniques provide support for insuring the validity of reuse and integration mechanisms.   This edited book includes 12 high quality research papers written by experts in formal aspects of reuse and integratio...

37 CFR 251.41 - Formal hearings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES OF PROCEDURE Procedures of Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panels § 251.41 Formal hearings. (a) The formal hearings that will be conducted under the rules of this subpart are rate adjustment hearings and royalty fee...

Formal Engineering Hybrid Systems: Semantic Underpinnings

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bujorianu, M.C.; Bujorianu, L.M.

2008-01-01

In this work we investigate some issues in applying formal methods to hybrid system development and develop a categorical framework. We study the themes of stochastic reasoning, heterogeneous formal specification and retrenchment. Hybrid systems raise a rich pallets of aspects that need to be

Formal Analysis Of Use Case Diagrams

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radosław Klimek

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Use case diagrams play an important role in modeling with UML. Careful modeling is crucialin obtaining a correct and efficient system architecture. The paper refers to the formalanalysis of the use case diagrams. A formal model of use cases is proposed and its constructionfor typical relationships between use cases is described. Two methods of formal analysis andverification are presented. The first one based on a states’ exploration represents a modelchecking approach. The second one refers to the symbolic reasoning using formal methodsof temporal logic. Simple but representative example of the use case scenario verification isdiscussed.

Formal balancing of chemical reaction networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Schaft, Abraham; Rao, S.; Jayawardhana, B.

2016-01-01

In this paper we recall and extend the main results of Van der Schaft, Rao, Jayawardhana (2015) concerning the use of Kirchhoff’s Matrix Tree theorem in the explicit characterization of complex-balanced reaction networks and the notion of formal balancing. The notion of formal balancing corresponds

Formal methods in software development: A road less travelled

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John A van der Poll

2010-08-01

Full Text Available An integration of traditional verification techniques and formal specifications in software engineering is presented. Advocates of such techniques claim that mathematical formalisms allow them to produce quality, verifiably correct, or at least highly dependable software and that the testing and maintenance phases are shortened. Critics on the other hand maintain that software formalisms are hard to master, tedious to use and not well suited for the fast turnaround times demanded by industry. In this paper some popular formalisms and the advantages of using these during the early phases of the software development life cycle are presented. Employing the Floyd-Hoare verification principles during the formal specification phase facilitates reasoning about the properties of a specification. Some observations that may help to alleviate the formal-methods controversy are established and a number of formal methods successes is presented. Possible conditions for an increased acceptance of formalisms in oftware development are discussed.

Statistical Survey of Non-Formal Education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ondřej Nývlt

2012-12-01

Full Text Available focused on a programme within a regular education system. Labour market flexibility and new requirements on employees create a new domain of education called non-formal education. Is there a reliable statistical source with a good methodological definition for the Czech Republic? Labour Force Survey (LFS has been the basic statistical source for time comparison of non-formal education for the last ten years. Furthermore, a special Adult Education Survey (AES in 2011 was focused on individual components of non-formal education in a detailed way. In general, the goal of the EU is to use data from both internationally comparable surveys for analyses of the particular fields of lifelong learning in the way, that annual LFS data could be enlarged by detailed information from AES in five years periods. This article describes reliability of statistical data aboutnon-formal education. This analysis is usually connected with sampling and non-sampling errors.

Formal Ontologies and Uncertainty. In Geographical Knowledge

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matteo Caglioni

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Formal ontologies have proved to be a very useful tool to manage interoperability among data, systems and knowledge. In this paper we will show how formal ontologies can evolve from a crisp, deterministic framework (ontologies of hard knowledge to new probabilistic, fuzzy or possibilistic frameworks (ontologies of soft knowledge. This can considerably enlarge the application potential of formal ontologies in geographic analysis and planning, where soft knowledge is intrinsically linked to the complexity of the phenomena under study.  The paper briefly presents these new uncertainty-based formal ontologies. It then highlights how ontologies are formal tools to define both concepts and relations among concepts. An example from the domain of urban geography finally shows how the cause-to-effect relation between household preferences and urban sprawl can be encoded within a crisp, a probabilistic and a possibilistic ontology, respectively. The ontology formalism will also determine the kind of reasoning that can be developed from available knowledge. Uncertain ontologies can be seen as the preliminary phase of more complex uncertainty-based models. The advantages of moving to uncertainty-based models is evident: whether it is in the analysis of geographic space or in decision support for planning, reasoning on geographic space is almost always reasoning with uncertain knowledge of geographic phenomena.

Formalization of Many-Valued Logics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Villadsen, Jørgen; Schlichtkrull, Anders

2017-01-01

Partiality is a key challenge for computational approaches to artificial intelligence in general and natural language in particular. Various extensions of classical two-valued logic to many-valued logics have been investigated in order to meet this challenge. We use the proof assistant Isabelle...... to formalize the syntax and semantics of many-valued logics with determinate as well as indeterminate truth values. The formalization allows for a concise presentation and makes automated verification possible....

Helicity formalism and spin effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anselmino, M.; Caruso, F.; Piovano, U.

1990-01-01

The helicity formalism and the technique to compute amplitudes for interaction processes involving leptons, quarks, photons and gluons are reviewed. Explicit calculations and examples of exploitation of symmetry properties are shown. The formalism is then applied to the discussion of several hadronic processes and spin effects: the experimental data, when related to the properties of the elementary constituent interactions, show many not understood features. Also the nucleon spin problem is briefly reviewed. (author)

Measurement of ep-->ep[pi]0 beam spin asymmetries above the resonance region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Masi, Rita; Garcon, Michel; Zhao, Bo; Amaryan, Moscov; Amaryan, Moskov; Ambrozewicz, Pawel; Anghinolfi, Marco; Asryan, Gegham; Avagyan, Harutyun; Baghdasaryan, Hovhannes; Baillie, Nathan; Ball, J.P.; Ball, Jacques; Ball, J.P.; Ball, Jacques; Ball, James; Baltzell, Nathan; Baturin, Vitaly; Battaglieri, Marco; Bedlinskiy, Ivan; Bellis, Matthew; Benmouna, Nawal; Berman, Barry; Bertin, Pierre; Biselli, Angela; Blaszczyk, Lukasz; Bouchigny, Sylvain; Boyarinov, Sergey; Bradford, Robert; Branford, Derek; Briscoe, William; Brooks, William; Bultmann, S.; Bueltmann, Stephen; Bultmann, S.; Bueltmann, Stephen; Burkert, Volker; Butuceanu, Cornel; Calarco, John; Careccia, Sharon; Carman, Daniel; Casey, Liam; Chen, Shifeng; Cheng, Lu; Cole, Philip; Collins, Patrick; Coltharp, Philip; Crabb, Donald; Crede, Volker; Dashyan, Natalya; De Sanctis, Enzo; De Vita, Raffaella; Degtiarenko, Pavel; Deur, Alexandre; Dharmawardane, Kahanawita; Dickson, Richard; Djalali, Chaden; Dodge, Gail; Donnelly, Joseph; Doughty, David; Dugger, Michael; Dzyubak, Oleksandr; Egiyan, Hovanes; Egiyan, Kim; Elfassi, Lamiaa; Elouadrhiri, Latifa; Eugenio, Paul; Fedotov, Gleb; Feldman, Gerald; Fradi, Ahmed; Funsten, Herbert; Gavalian, Gagik; Gilfoyle, Gerard; Giovanetti, Kevin; Girod, Francois-Xavier; Goetz, John; Gonenc, Atilla; Gothe, Ralf; Griffioen, Keith; Guidal, Michel; Guler, Nevzat; Guo, Lei; Gyurjyan, Vardan; Hafidi, Kawtar; Hakobyan, Hayk; Hanretty, Charles; Hersman, F.; Hicks, Kenneth; Hleiqawi, Ishaq; Holtrop, Maurik; Hyde, Charles; Ilieva, Yordanka; Ireland, David; Ishkhanov, Boris; Isupov, Evgeny; Ito, Mark; Jenkins, David; Jo, Hyon-Suk; Johnstone, John; Joo, Kyungseon; Juengst, Henry; Kalantarians, Narbe; Kellie, James; Khandaker, Mahbubul; Kim, Wooyoung; Klein, Andreas; Klein, Franz; Klimenko, Alexei; Kossov, Mikhail; Krahn, Zebulun; Kramer, Laird; Kubarovsky, Valery; Kuhn, Joachim; Kuhn, Sebastian; Kuleshov, Sergey; Lachniet, Jeff; Laget, Jean; Langheinrich, Jorn; Lawrence, David; Lee, Tsung-Shung; Livingston, Kenneth; Lu, Haiyun; MacCormick, Marion; Markov, Nikolai; Mattione, Paul; Mazouz, Malek; McKinnon, Bryan; Mecking, Bernhard; Mestayer, Mac; Meyer, Curtis; Mibe, Tsutomu; Michel, Bernard; Mikhaylov, Konstantin; Mirazita, Marco; Miskimen, Rory; Mokeev, Viktor; Moreno, Brahim; Moriya, Kei; Morrow, Steven; Moteabbed, Maryam; Munevar Espitia, Edwin; Mutchler, Gordon; Nadel-Turonski, Pawel; Nasseripour, Rakhsha; Niccolai, Silvia; Niculescu, Gabriel; Niculescu, Maria-Ioana; Niczyporuk, Bogdan; Niroula, Megh; Niyazov, Rustam; Nozar, Mina; Osipenko, Mikhail; Ostrovidov, Alexander; Park, Kijun; Pasyuk, Evgueni; Paterson, Craig; Pereira, Sergio; Pierce, Joshua; Pivnyuk, Nikolay; Pocanic, Dinko; Pogorelko, Oleg; Pozdnyakov, Sergey; Price, John; Procureur, Sebastien; Prok, Yelena; Protopopescu, Dan; Raue, Brian; Ricco, Giovanni; Ripani, Marco; Ritchie, Barry; Ronchetti, Federico; Rosner, Guenther; Rossi, Patrizia; Sabatie, Franck; Salamanca, Julian; Salgado, Carlos; Santoro, Joseph; Sapunenko, Vladimir; Schumacher, Reinhard; Serov, Vladimir; Sharabian, Youri; Sharov, Dmitri; Shvedunov, Nikolay; Smith, Elton; Smith, Lee; Sober, Daniel; Sokhan, Daria; Stavinsky, Aleksey; Stepanyan, Samuel; Stepanyan, Stepan; Stokes, Burnham; Stoler, Paul; Strakovski, Igor; Strauch, Steffen; Taiuti, Mauro; Tedeschi, David; Tkabladze, Avtandil; Tkachenko, Svyatoslav; Tur, Clarisse; Ungaro, Maurizio; Vineyard, Michael; Vlassov, Alexander; Voutier, Eric; Watts, Daniel; Weinstein, Lawrence; Weygand, Dennis; Williams, Michael; Wolin, Elliott; Wood, Michael; Yegneswaran, Amrit; Zana, Lorenzo; Zhang, Jixie; Zhao, Zhiwen

2008-04-01

The beam spin asymmetry (BSA) in the exclusive reaction e-vector p-->eppi0 was measured with the CEBAF 5.77 GeV polarized electron beam and Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The xB,Q2,t, and phi dependences of the pi0 BSA are presented in the deep inelastic regime. The asymmetries are fitted with a sinphi function and their amplitudes are extracted. Overall, they are of the order of 0.04â 0.11 and roughly independent of t. This is the signature of a nonzero longitudinal-transverse interference. The implications concerning the applicability of a formalism based on generalized parton distributions, as well as the extension of a Regge formalism at high photon virtualities, are discussed.

Beam spin asymmetry in deep and exclusive pi0 electroproduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

R. De Masi

2007-01-01

The beam spin asymmetry (BSA) in the exclusive reaction ep->ep pi0 was measured with the CEBAF 5.77 GeV polarized electron beam and Large Acceptance Spectrometer(CLAS). The xB, Q2, t and phi dependences of the pi0 BSA are presented in the deep inelastic regime. The asymmetries are fitted with a sin(phi) function and their amplitudes are extracted. Overall, they are of the order of 0.04 - 0.11 and roughly independent of t. This is the signature of a non-zero longitudinal-transverse interference. The implications concerning the applicability of a formalism based on generalized parton distributions, as well as the extension of a Regge formalism at high photon virtualities, are discussed

Towards Formal Implementation of PUS Standard

Science.gov (United States)

Ilić, D.

2009-05-01

As an effort to promote the reuse of on-board and ground systems ESA developed a standard for packet telemetry and telecommand - PUS. It defines a set of standard service models with the corresponding structures of the associated telemetry and telecommand packets. Various missions then can choose to implement those standard PUS services that best conform to their specific requirements. In this paper we propose a formal development (based on the Event-B method) of reusable service patterns, which can be instantiated for concrete application. Our formal models allow us to formally express and verify specific service properties including various telecommand and telemetry packet structure validation.

Simplicial lattices in classical and quantum gravity: Mathematical structure and application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LaFave, N.J.

1989-01-01

Geometrodynamics can be understood more clearly in the language of geometry than in the language of differential equations. This is the primary motivation for the development of calculational schemes based on Regge Calculus as an alternative to those schemes based on Ricci Calculus. The author develops the mathematics of simplicial lattices to the same level of sophistication as the mathematics of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for continuum manifolds. This involves the definition of the simplicial analogues of several concepts from differential topology and differential geometry-the concept of a point, tangent spaces, forms, tensors, parallel transport, covariant derivatives, connections, and curvature. These simplicial analogues are used to define the Einstein tensor and the extrinsic curvature on a simplicial geometry. He applies this mathematical formalism to the solution of several outstanding problems in the development of a Regge Calculus based computational scheme for general geometrodynamic problems. This scheme is based on a 3 + 1 splitting of spacetime within the Regge Calculus prescription known as Null-Strut Calculus (NSC). NSC, developed by Warner Miller, describes the foliation of spacetime into spacelike hypersurfaces built of tetrahedra. The outstanding problems discussed include (a) the rigidification of the 3-layered sandwich and the evolution problem; (b) the formulation of initial data; and (c) in inclusion of matter on the lattice. The resulting calculational scheme is applied to two test problems, the Friedmann model and the second-order Doppler effect. Finally, he describes avenues of investigation for NSC in quantum gravity

Survey of Existing Tools for Formal Verification.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Punnoose, Ratish J.; Armstrong, Robert C.; Wong, Matthew H.; Jackson, Mayo

2014-12-01

Formal methods have come into wide use because of their effectiveness in verifying "safety and security" requirements of digital systems; a set of requirements for which testing is mostly ineffective. Formal methods are routinely used in the design and verification of high-consequence digital systems in industry. This report outlines our work in assessing the capabilities of commercial and open source formal tools and the ways in which they can be leveraged in digital design workflows.

Multiverse in the Third Quantized Formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faizal Mir

2014-01-01

In this paper we will analyze the third quantization of gravity in path integral formalism. We will use the time-dependent version of Wheeler—DeWitt equation to analyze the multiverse in this formalism. We will propose a mechanism for baryogenesis to occur in the multiverse, without violating the baryon number conservation. (general)

The Formalization of Cultural Psychology. Reasons and Functions.

Science.gov (United States)

Salvatore, Sergio

2017-03-01

In this paper I discuss two basic theses about the formalization of cultural psychology. First, I claim that formalization is a relevant, even necessary stage of development of this domain of science. This is so because formalization allows the scientific language to achieve a much needed autonomy from the commonsensical language of the phenomena that this science deals with. Second, I envisage the two main functions that formalization has to perform in the field of cultural psychology: on the one hand, it has to provide formal rules grounding and constraining the deductive construction of the general theory; on the other hand, it has to provide the devices for supporting the interpretation of local phenomena, in terms of the abductive reconstruction of the network of linkages among empirical occurrences comprising the local phenomena.

Formal specifications for safety grade systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chisholm, G.H.; Smith, B.T.; Wojcik, A.S.

1992-01-01

The authors describe the findings of a study into the application of formal methods to the specification of a safety system for an operating nuclear reactor. They developed a formal specification that is used to verify and validate that no unsafe condition will result from action or inaction of the system. For this reason, the specification must facilitate thinking about, talking about, and implementing the system. In fact, the specification must provide a bridge between people (designers, engineers, policy makers) and diverse implementations (hardware, software, sensors, power supplies) at all levels. For a specification to serve as an effective linkage, it must have the following properties: (1) completeness, (2) conciseness, (3) unambiguity, and (4) communicativeness. In this paper they describe the development of a specification that has three properties. This development is based on the use of formal methods, i.e., methods that add mathematical rigor to the development, analysis and operation of computer systems and to applications based thereon (Neumann). They demonstrate that a specification derived from a formal basis facilitates development of the design and its subsequent verification

Formal truncations of connected kernel equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixon, R.M.

1977-01-01

The Connected Kernel Equations (CKE) of Alt, Grassberger and Sandhas (AGS); Kouri, Levin and Tobocman (KLT); and Bencze, Redish and Sloan (BRS) are compared against reaction theory criteria after formal channel space and/or operator truncations have been introduced. The Channel Coupling Class concept is used to study the structure of these CKE's. The related wave function formalism of Sandhas, of L'Huillier, Redish and Tandy and of Kouri, Krueger and Levin are also presented. New N-body connected kernel equations which are generalizations of the Lovelace three-body equations are derived. A method for systematically constructing fewer body models from the N-body BRS and generalized Lovelace (GL) equations is developed. The formally truncated AGS, BRS, KLT and GL equations are analyzed by employing the criteria of reciprocity and two-cluster unitarity. Reciprocity considerations suggest that formal truncations of BRS, KLT and GL equations can lead to reciprocity-violating results. This study suggests that atomic problems should employ three-cluster connected truncations and that the two-cluster connected truncations should be a useful starting point for nuclear systems

Formalizing Implementation Strategies for First-Class Continuations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danvy, Olivier

1999-01-01

We present the first formalization of implementation strategies for first-class continuations. The formalization hinges on abstract machines for continuation-passing style (CPS) programs with a special treatment for the current continuation, accounting for the essence of first-class continuations......-class continuations and that second-class continuations are stackable. A large body of work exists on implementing continuations, but it is predominantly empirical and implementation-oriented. In contrast, our formalization abstracts the essence of first-class continuations and provides a uniform setting...

Formalizing Implementation Strategies for First-Class Continuations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danvy, Olivier

2000-01-01

We present the first formalization of implementation strategies for first-class continuations. The formalization hinges on abstract machines for continuation-passing style (CPS) programs with a special treatment for the current continuation, accounting for the essence of first-class continuations......-class continuations and that second-class continuations are stackable. A large body of work exists on implementing continuations, but it is predominantly empirical and implementation-oriented. In contrast, our formalization abstracts the essence of first-class continuations and provides a uniform setting...

New Technologies and Learning Environments: A Perspective from Formal and Non-Formal Education in Baja California, Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Zamora, Julieta Lopez; Reynaga, Francisco Javier Arriaga

2010-01-01

This paper presents results of two research works, the first approaches non-formal education and the second addresses formal education. In both studies in-depth interview techniques were used. There were some points of convergence between them on aspects such as the implementation of learning environments and the integration of ICT. The interview…

Formal verification of industrial control systems

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2015-01-01

Verification of critical software is a high priority but a challenging task for industrial control systems. For many kinds of problems, testing is not an efficient method. Formal methods, such as model checking appears to be an appropriate complementary method. However, it is not common to use model checking in industry yet, as this method needs typically formal methods expertise and huge computing power. In the EN-ICE-PLC section, we are working on a [methodology][1] and a tool ([PLCverif][2]) to overcome these challenges and to integrate formal verification in the development process of our PLC-based control systems. [1]: http://cern.ch/project-plc-formalmethods [2]: http://cern.ch/plcverif

Exclusive ρ0 electroproduction on the proton at CLAS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morrow, S.A.; De Masi, R.; Guidal, M.; Bouchigny, S.; Didelez, J.P.; Fradi, A.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hourany, E.; Jo, H.S.; MacCormick, M.; Moreno, B.; Niccolai, S.; Garcon, M.; Audit, G.; Marchand, C.; Morand, L.; Procureur, S.; Sabatie, F.; Laget, J.M.; Smith, E.S.; Avakian, H.; Burkert, V.D.; Carman, D.S.; Cords, D.; Degtyarenko, P.V.; Deur, A.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Guo, L.; Gyurjyan, V.; Ito, M.M.; Kubarovsky, V.; Mecking, B.A.; Mestayer, M.D.; Niczyporuk, B.B.; Nozar, M.; Sapunenko, V.; Sharabian, Y.G.; Stepanyan, S.; Weygand, D.P.; Wolin, E.; Yegneswaran, A.; Adams, G.; Cummings, J.P.; Khetarpal, P.; Li, Ji; Stoler, P.; Adhikari, K.P.; Amaryan, M.J.; Bueltmann, S.; Careccia, S.L.; Dharmawardane, K.V.; Dodge, G.E.; Guler, N.; Hyde-Wright, C.E.; Juengst, H.G.; Kalantarians, N.; Klein, A.; Klimenko, A.V.; Kuhn, S.E.; Niroula, M.R.; Qin, L.M.; Tkachenko, S.; Weinstein, L.B.; Zhang, J.; Aghasyan, M.; De Sanctis, E.; Mirazita, M.; Anefalos Pereira, S.; Polli, E.; Rossi, P.; Anghinolfi, M.; Battaglieri, M.; Corvisiero, P.; De Vita, R.; Ricco, G.; Ripani, M.; Taiuti, M.; Asryan, G.; Dashyan, N.; Egiyan, K.S.; Gevorgyan, N.; Hakobyan, H.; Bagdasaryan, H.; Baillie, N.; Butuceanu, C.; Fersch, R.; Griffioen, K.A.; Ball, J.P.; Collins, P.; Dugger, M.; Pasyuk, E.; Ritchie, B.G.; Baltzell, N.A.; Cazes, A.; Djalali, C.; Dzyubak, O.P.; Gothe, R.W.; Graham, L.; Guillo, M.; Langheinrich, J.; Lu, H.Y.; Preedom, B.M.; Tedeschi, D.J.; Tur, C.; Wood, M.H.; Zhao, Z.W.; Barrow, S.; Blaszczyk, L.; Bookwalter, C.; Chen, S.; Coltharp, P.; Crede, V.; Dennis, L.; Eugenio, P.; Hanretty, C.; McAleer, S.; Ostrovidov, A.I.; Park, S.; Riccardi, G.; Saini, M.S.; Stokes, B.E.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Kossov, M.; Mikhailov, K.; Pivnyuk, N.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Serov, V.S.; Stavinsky, A.; Vlassov, A.V.; Bektasoglu, M.; Bellis, M.; Bradford, R.; Dickson, R.; Feuerbach, R.J.; McCracken, M.; McNabb, J.W.C.; Meyer, C.A.; Moriya, K.; Schumacher, R.A.; Williams, M.; Benmouna, N.; Berman, B.L.; Briscoe, W.J.; Dhuga, K.S.; Ilieva, Y.; Munevar, E.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; O'Rielly, G.V.; Philips, S.A.; Popa, I.; Strakovsky, I.I.; Biselli, A.S.; Bonner, B.E.; Mattione, P.; Mutchler, G.S.; Boiarinov, S.; Branford, D.; Sokhan, D.; Brooks, W.K.; Calarco, J.R.; Hersman, F.W.; Holtrop, M.; Carnahan, B.; Casey, L.; Cheng, L.; Crannell, H.; Klein, F.J.; Santoro, J.P.; Sober, D.I.; Zana, L.; Cole, P.L.; Crabb, D.; Fatemi, R.; Minehart, R.; Pierce, J.; Pocanic, D.; Smith, L.C.; Dale, D.; Forest, T.A.; Salamanca, J.; Denizli, H.; Dytman, S.; Mehrabyan, S.; Mueller, J.; Dhamija, S.; Moteabbed, M.; Schott, D.; Doughty, D.; Egiyan, H.; El Fassi, L.; Hafidi, K.; Fedotov, G.; Ishkhanov, B.S.; Isupov, E.L.; Sharov, D.; Shvedunov, N.V.; Gavalian, G.; Gilfoyle, G.P.; Rubin, P.D.; Giovanetti, K.L.; Girod, F.X.; Goetz, J.T.; Gohn, W.; Markov, N.; Zhao, B.; Gordon, C.I.O.; Hassall, N.; Ireland, D.G.; Johnstone, J.R.; Kellie, J.D.; Livingston, K.; McKinnon, B.; Melone, J.J.; Paterson, C.; Rosner, G.; Hardie, J.; Heddle, D.; Hicks, K.; Hleiqawi, I.; Keller, D.; Mibe, T.; Jenkins, D.

2009-01-01

The ep→e'pρ 0 reaction has been measured using the 5.754 GeV electron beam of Jefferson Lab and the CLAS detector. This represents the largest ever set of data for this reaction in the valence region. Integrated and differential cross-sections are presented. The W, Q 2 and t dependences of the cross-section are compared to theoretical calculations based on the t-channel meson-exchange Regge theory, on the one hand, and on quark handbag diagrams related to Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) on the other hand. The Regge approach can describe at the ∼30% level most of the features of the present data while the two GPD calculations that are presented in this article which succesfully reproduce the high-energy data strongly underestimate the present data. The question is then raised whether this discrepancy originates from an incomplete or inexact way of modelling the GPDs or the associated hard scattering amplitude or whether the GPD formalism is simply inapplicable in this region due to higher-twists contributions, incalculable at present. (orig.)

Towards a Formal Model of Social Data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mukkamala, Raghava Rao; Vatrapu, Ravi; Hussain, Abid

, transform, analyse, and report social data from social media platforms such as Facebook and twitter. Formal methods, models and tools for social data are largely limited to graph theoretical approaches informing conceptual developments in relational sociology and methodological developments in social...... network analysis. As far as we know, there are no integrated modeling approaches to social data across the conceptual, formal and software realms. Social media analytics can be undertaken in two main ways - ”Social Graph Analytics” and ”Social Text Analytics” (Vatrapu, in press/2013). Social graph......, we exemplify the semantics of the formal model with real-world social data examples. Third, we briefly present and discuss the Social Data Analytics Tool (SODATO) that realizes the conceptual model in software and provisions social data for computational social science analysis based on the formal...

"Passing It On": Beyond Formal or Informal Pedagogies

Science.gov (United States)

Cain, Tim

2013-01-01

Informal pedagogies are a subject of debate in music education, and there is some evidence of teachers abandoning formal pedagogies in favour of informal ones. This article presents a case of one teacher's formal pedagogy and theorises it by comparing it with a case of informal pedagogy. The comparison reveals affordances of formal pedagogies…

An approach of requirements tracing in formal refinement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jastram, Michael; Hallerstede, Stefan; Leuschel, Michael

2010-01-01

Formal modeling of computing systems yields models that are intended to be correct with respect to the requirements that have been formalized. The complexity of typical computing systems can be addressed by formal refinement introducing all the necessary details piecemeal. We report on preliminar...... changes, making use of corresponding techniques already built into the Event-B method....

Y-formalism and curved {beta}-{gamma} systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grassi, Pietro Antonio [DISTA, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, via Bellini 25/g, 15100 Alessandria (Italy); INFN - Sezione di Torino (Italy)], E-mail: antonio.pietro.grassi@cern.ch; Oda, Ichiro [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan); Tonin, Mario [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Padova, INFN, Sezionedi Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy)

2009-01-01

We adopt the Y-formalism to study {beta}-{gamma} systems on hypersurfaces. We compute the operator product expansions of gauge-invariant currents and we discuss some applications of the Y-formalism to model on Calabi-Yau spaces.

Y-formalism and curved β-γ systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grassi, Pietro Antonio; Oda, Ichiro; Tonin, Mario

2009-01-01

We adopt the Y-formalism to study β-γ systems on hypersurfaces. We compute the operator product expansions of gauge-invariant currents and we discuss some applications of the Y-formalism to model on Calabi-Yau spaces

The formal operations: Piaget’s concept, researches and main critics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stepanović Ivana Ž.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with Piaget's concept of formal operations, formal operations researches and critics related to the concept. The first part of the work is dedicated to the formal operations concept. The main characteristics of formal operational thought and formal operations structure, as well as structure logical model are presented in that part of the work. The second part is a review of formal operational researches and it is divided in three parts: (1 problems of researches (2 characteristics of applied methodology and (3 author approaches as a specific research context. In the last part of the work the main critics of formal operations concept are presented and discussed.

Application of Formal Methods in Software Engineering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Morales

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this research work is to examine: (1 why are necessary the formal methods for software systems today, (2 high integrity systems through the methodology C-by-C –Correctness-by-Construction–, and (3 an affordable methodology to apply formal methods in software engineering. The research process included reviews of the literature through Internet, in publications and presentations in events. Among the Research results found that: (1 there is increasing the dependence that the nations have, the companies and people of software systems, (2 there is growing demand for software Engineering to increase social trust in the software systems, (3 exist methodologies, as C-by-C, that can provide that level of trust, (4 Formal Methods constitute a principle of computer science that can be applied software engineering to perform reliable process in software development, (5 software users have the responsibility to demand reliable software products, and (6 software engineers have the responsibility to develop reliable software products. Furthermore, it is concluded that: (1 it takes more research to identify and analyze other methodologies and tools that provide process to apply the Formal Software Engineering methods, (2 Formal Methods provide an unprecedented ability to increase the trust in the exactitude of the software products and (3 by development of new methodologies and tools is being achieved costs are not more a disadvantage for application of formal methods.

Formal Analysis of Graphical Security Models

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aslanyan, Zaruhi

, software components and human actors interacting with each other to form so-called socio-technical systems. The importance of socio-technical systems to modern societies requires verifying their security properties formally, while their inherent complexity makes manual analyses impracticable. Graphical...... models for security offer an unrivalled opportunity to describe socio-technical systems, for they allow to represent different aspects like human behaviour, computation and physical phenomena in an abstract yet uniform manner. Moreover, these models can be assigned a formal semantics, thereby allowing...... formal verification of their properties. Finally, their appealing graphical notations enable to communicate security concerns in an understandable way also to non-experts, often in charge of the decision making. This dissertation argues that automated techniques can be developed on graphical security...

Formal verification of Simulink/Stateflow diagrams a deductive approach

CERN Document Server

Zhan, Naijun; Zhao, Hengjun

2017-01-01

This book presents a state-of-the-art technique for formal verification of continuous-time Simulink/Stateflow diagrams, featuring an expressive hybrid system modelling language, a powerful specification logic and deduction-based verification approach, and some impressive, realistic case studies. Readers will learn the HCSP/HHL-based deductive method and the use of corresponding tools for formal verification of Simulink/Stateflow diagrams. They will also gain some basic ideas about fundamental elements of formal methods such as formal syntax and semantics, and especially the common techniques applied in formal modelling and verification of hybrid systems. By investigating the successful case studies, readers will realize how to apply the pure theory and techniques to real applications, and hopefully will be inspired to start to use the proposed approach, or even develop their own formal methods in their future work.

Adolescent thinking ála Piaget: The formal stage.

Science.gov (United States)

Dulit, E

1972-12-01

Two of the formal-stage experiments of Piaget and Inhelder, selected largely for their closeness to the concepts defining the stage, were replicated with groups of average and gifted adolescents. This report describes the relevant Piagetian concepts (formal stage, concrete stage) in context, gives the methods and findings of this study, and concludes with a section discussing implications and making some reformulations which generally support but significantly qualify some of the central themes of the Piaget-Inhelder work. Fully developed formal-stage thinking emerges as far from commonplace among normal or average adolescents (by marked contrast with the impression created by the Piaget-Inhelder text, which chooses to report no middle or older adolescents who function at less than fully formal levels). In this respect, the formal stage differs appreciably from the earlier Piagetian stages, and early adolescence emerges as the age for which a "single path" model of cognitive development becomes seriously inadequate and a more complex model becomes essential. Formal-stage thinking seems best conceptualized, like most other aspects of psychological maturity, as a potentiality only partially attained by most and fully attained only by some.

Formal connections in deformation quantization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Masulli, Paolo

The field of this thesis is deformation quantization, and we consider mainly symplectic manifolds equipped with a star product. After reviewing basics in complex geometry, we introduce quantization, focusing on geometric quantization and deformation quantization. The latter is defined as a star...... characteristic class, and that formal connections form an affine space over the derivations of the star products. Moreover, if the parameter space for the family of star products is contractible, we obtain that any two flat formal connections are gauge equivalent via a self-equivalence of the family of star...

A Conceptual Formalization of Crosscutting in AOSD

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van den Berg, Klaas; Conejero, J.M.

2005-01-01

We propose a formalization of crosscutting based on a conceptual framework for AOSD. Crosscutting is clearly distinguished from the related concepts scattering and tangling. The definitions of these concepts are formalized and visualized with matrices and matrix operations. This allows more precise

An exact formalism for Doppler-broadened neutron cross-sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catsaros, Nicolas.

1985-07-01

An exact formalism (Ψ, Φ) is proposed for the calculation of Breit-Wigner or Adler-Adler Doppler-broadened neutron cross-sections. The well-known (Ψ, Φ) formalism is shown to be a zero-order approximation of the generalized (Ψ, Φ) formalism. (author)

User Interface Technology for Formal Specification Development

Science.gov (United States)

Lowry, Michael; Philpot, Andrew; Pressburger, Thomas; Underwood, Ian; Lum, Henry, Jr. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

Formal specification development and modification are an essential component of the knowledge-based software life cycle. User interface technology is needed to empower end-users to create their own formal specifications. This paper describes the advanced user interface for AMPHION1 a knowledge-based software engineering system that targets scientific subroutine libraries. AMPHION is a generic, domain-independent architecture that is specialized to an application domain through a declarative domain theory. Formal specification development and reuse is made accessible to end-users through an intuitive graphical interface that provides semantic guidance in creating diagrams denoting formal specifications in an application domain. The diagrams also serve to document the specifications. Automatic deductive program synthesis ensures that end-user specifications are correctly implemented. The tables that drive AMPHION's user interface are automatically compiled from a domain theory; portions of the interface can be customized by the end-user. The user interface facilitates formal specification development by hiding syntactic details, such as logical notation. It also turns some of the barriers for end-user specification development associated with strongly typed formal languages into active sources of guidance, without restricting advanced users. The interface is especially suited for specification modification. AMPHION has been applied to the domain of solar system kinematics through the development of a declarative domain theory. Testing over six months with planetary scientists indicates that AMPHION's interactive specification acquisition paradigm enables users to develop, modify, and reuse specifications at least an order of magnitude more rapidly than manual program development.

NON-FORMAL EDUCATION WITHIN THE FUNCTION OF RESPONSIBLE PARENTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dragana Bogavac

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this survey was to discover to what degree parental non-formal education is present within the function of responsible parenting. The questionnaire research method was used in the survey. For the purpose of this research a questionnaire of 13 questions was constructed relating to the forms of non-formal education, and another questionnaire of 10 questions relating to the parents’ expectations of non-formal education. The sample included 198 parents. Examination of the scores concerning the presence of certain forms of parental non-formal education realized in cooperation with the school leads to the conclusion that the parents possess a positive attitude towards non-formal education. The analysis showed that the parents’ expectations were not on a satisfactory level. According to the results, the fathers displayed a greater interest towards non-formal education (7.72±1.35 than the mothers (6.93±1.85, (p<0.05. Unemployed parents had a greater score (7.85±1.30 than the employed parents (7.22±1.71, (p<0.05. A difference in the acceptance of non-formal education in accordance with the level of formal education was also noticeable (p<0.001. Respondents with a high school degree displayed the highest level of acceptance (7.97±0.78, while the lowest interest was seen in respondents with an associate degree (6.41±2.29. Univariate linear regression analysis showed that statistically important predictors were: gender (OR: -0.23 (-1.24 – -0.33, p< 0.001, work status (OR: -0.14 (-1.24 – -0.01, < 0.05 and the level of formal education (OR: -0.33 (-0.81 – -0.34, p< 0.001. The final results lead to the conclusion that parental non-formal education supports the concept of lifelong education.

DNA expressions - A formal notation for DNA

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vliet, Rudy van

2015-01-01

We describe a formal notation for DNA molecules that may contain nicks and gaps. The resulting DNA expressions denote formal DNA molecules. Different DNA expressions may denote the same molecule. Such DNA expressions are called equivalent. We examine which DNA expressions are minimal, which

Opinion dynamics model based on quantum formalism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Artawan, I. Nengah, E-mail: nengahartawan@gmail.com [Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Udayana University (Indonesia); Trisnawati, N. L. P., E-mail: nlptrisnawati@gmail.com [Biophysics, Department of Physics, Udayana University (Indonesia)

2016-03-11

Opinion dynamics model based on quantum formalism is proposed. The core of the quantum formalism is on the half spin dynamics system. In this research the implicit time evolution operators are derived. The analogy between the model with Deffuant dan Sznajd models is discussed.

Formal analysis of a fair payment protocol

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.G. Cederquist; M.T. Dashti (Mohammad)

2004-01-01

textabstractWe formally specify a payment protocol. This protocol is intended for fair exchange of time-sensitive data. Here the ?-CRL language is used to formalize the protocol. Fair exchange properties are expressed in the regular alternation-free ?-calculus. These properties are then verified

Formal methods for dependable real-time systems

Science.gov (United States)

Rushby, John

1993-01-01

The motivation for using formal methods to specify and reason about real time properties is outlined and approaches that were proposed and used are sketched. The formal verifications of clock synchronization algorithms are concluded as showing that mechanically supported reasoning about complex real time behavior is feasible. However, there was significant increase in the effectiveness of verification systems since those verifications were performed, at it is to be expected that verifications of comparable difficulty will become fairly routine. The current challenge lies in developing perspicuous and economical approaches to the formalization and specification of real time properties.

General many-body formalism for composite quantum particles.

Science.gov (United States)

Combescot, M; Betbeder-Matibet, O

2010-05-21

This Letter provides a formalism capable of exactly treating Pauli blocking between n-fermion particles. This formalism is based on an operator algebra made of commutators and anticommutators which contrasts with the usual scalar formalism of Green functions developed half a century ago for elementary quantum particles. We also provide the diagrams which visualize the very specific many-body physics induced by fermion exchanges between composite quantum particles.

The simplest formal argument for fitness optimization

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The Formal Darwinism Project aims to provide a formal argument linking population genetics to fitness optimization, which of necessity includes defining fitness. This bridges the gulf between those biologists who assume that natural selection leads to something close to fitness optimization and those biologists who believe ...

Formal Analysis of a Fair Payment Protocol

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cederquist, J.G.; Dashti, M.T.

2004-01-01

We formally specify a payment protocol. This protocol is intended for fair exchange of timesensitive data. Here the μCRL language is used to formalize the protocol. Fair exchange properties are expressed in the regular alternation-free μ-calculus. These properties are then verified using the finite

Land grabbing and formalization in Africa : a critical inquiry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stein, H.; Cunningham, S.

2015-01-01

Two developments in Africa have generated an extensive literature. The first focuses on investment and land grabbing and the second on the formalization of rural property rights. Less has been written on the impact of formalization on land grabbing and of land grabbing on formalization. Recently,

A computational formalization for partial evaluation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hatcliff, John; Danvy, Olivier

1996-01-01

We formalize a partial evaluator for Eugenio Moggi's computational metalanguage. This formalization gives an evaluation-order independent view of binding-time analysis and program specialization, including a proper treatment of call unfolding. It also enables us to express the essence of `control......-based binding-time improvements' for let expressions. Specically, we prove that the binding-time improvements given by `continuation-based specialization' can be expressed in the metalanguage via monadic laws....

Infinitesimal Deformations of a Formal Symplectic Groupoid

Science.gov (United States)

Karabegov, Alexander

2011-09-01

Given a formal symplectic groupoid G over a Poisson manifold ( M, π 0), we define a new object, an infinitesimal deformation of G, which can be thought of as a formal symplectic groupoid over the manifold M equipped with an infinitesimal deformation {π_0 + \\varepsilon π_1} of the Poisson bivector field π 0. To any pair of natural star products {(ast,tildeast)} having the same formal symplectic groupoid G we relate an infinitesimal deformation of G. We call it the deformation groupoid of the pair {(ast,tildeast)} . To each star product with separation of variables {ast} on a Kähler-Poisson manifold M we relate another star product with separation of variables {hatast} on M. We build an algorithm for calculating the principal symbols of the components of the logarithm of the formal Berezin transform of a star product with separation of variables {ast} . This algorithm is based upon the deformation groupoid of the pair {(ast,hatast)}.

Formal verification of algorithms for critical systems

Science.gov (United States)

Rushby, John M.; Von Henke, Friedrich

1993-01-01

We describe our experience with formal, machine-checked verification of algorithms for critical applications, concentrating on a Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm for synchronizing the clocks in the replicated computers of a digital flight control system. First, we explain the problems encountered in unsynchronized systems and the necessity, and criticality, of fault-tolerant synchronization. We give an overview of one such algorithm, and of the arguments for its correctness. Next, we describe a verification of the algorithm that we performed using our EHDM system for formal specification and verification. We indicate the errors we found in the published analysis of the algorithm, and other benefits that we derived from the verification. Based on our experience, we derive some key requirements for a formal specification and verification system adequate to the task of verifying algorithms of the type considered. Finally, we summarize our conclusions regarding the benefits of formal verification in this domain, and the capabilities required of verification systems in order to realize those benefits.

Matching biomedical ontologies based on formal concept analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Mengyi; Zhang, Songmao; Li, Weizhuo; Chen, Guowei

2018-03-19

The goal of ontology matching is to identify correspondences between entities from different yet overlapping ontologies so as to facilitate semantic integration, reuse and interoperability. As a well developed mathematical model for analyzing individuals and structuring concepts, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) has been applied to ontology matching (OM) tasks since the beginning of OM research, whereas ontological knowledge exploited in FCA-based methods is limited. This motivates the study in this paper, i.e., to empower FCA with as much as ontological knowledge as possible for identifying mappings across ontologies. We propose a method based on Formal Concept Analysis to identify and validate mappings across ontologies, including one-to-one mappings, complex mappings and correspondences between object properties. Our method, called FCA-Map, incrementally generates a total of five types of formal contexts and extracts mappings from the lattices derived. First, the token-based formal context describes how class names, labels and synonyms share lexical tokens, leading to lexical mappings (anchors) across ontologies. Second, the relation-based formal context describes how classes are in taxonomic, partonomic and disjoint relationships with the anchors, leading to positive and negative structural evidence for validating the lexical matching. Third, the positive relation-based context can be used to discover structural mappings. Afterwards, the property-based formal context describes how object properties are used in axioms to connect anchor classes across ontologies, leading to property mappings. Last, the restriction-based formal context describes co-occurrence of classes across ontologies in anonymous ancestors of anchors, from which extended structural mappings and complex mappings can be identified. Evaluation on the Anatomy, the Large Biomedical Ontologies, and the Disease and Phenotype track of the 2016 Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative campaign

Non-Formal Educational Empowerment of Nigeria Youths for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Religion Dept

discussed the concept of non-formal education, entrepreneurship and development, non-formal ... introducing some developmental programmes such as poverty alleviation .... aesthetic, cultural and civic education for public enlightenment.

Sound Computational Interpretation of Formal Encryption with Composed Keys

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Laud, P.; Corin, R.J.; In Lim, J.; Hoon Lee, D.

2003-01-01

The formal and computational views of cryptography have been related by the seminal work of Abadi and Rogaway. In their work, a formal treatment of encryption that uses atomic keys is justified in the computational world. However, many proposed formal approaches allow the use of composed keys, where

Educación no formal

Science.gov (United States)

Tignanelli, H.

Se comentan en esta comunicación, las principales contribuciones realizadas en el campo de la educación en astronomía en los niveles primario, secundario y terciario, como punto de partida para la discusión de la actual inserción de los contenidos astronómicos en los nuevos contenidos curriculares de la EGB - Educación General Básica- y Polimodal, de la Reforma Educativa. En particular, se discuten los alcances de la educación formal y no formal, su importancia para la capacitación de profesores y maestros, y perspectivas a futuro.

Restorative Practices as Formal and Informal Education

Science.gov (United States)

Carter, Candice C.

2013-01-01

This article reviews restorative practices (RP) as education in formal and informal contexts of learning that are fertile sites for cultivating peace. Formal practices involve instruction about response to conflict, while informal learning occurs beyond academic lessons. The research incorporated content analysis and a critical examination of the…

Formal Analysis of a Fair Payment Protocol

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cederquist, J.G.; Dashti, Muhammad Torabi; Dimitrakos, Theo; Martinelli, Fabio

We formally specify a payment protocol described by Vogt et al. This protocol is intended for fair exchange of time-sensitive data. Here the mCRL language is used to formalize the protocol. Fair exchange properties are expressed in the regular alternation-free mu-calculus. These properties are then

A Comparitive Study of Subject Knowledge of B.Ed Graduates of Formal and Non-Formal Teacher Education Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Saif, Perveen; Reba, Amjad; ud Din, Jalal

2017-01-01

This study was designed to compare the subject knowledge of B.Ed graduates of formal and non-formal teacher education systems. The population of the study included all teachers from Girls High and Higher Secondary Schools both from private and public sectors from the district of Peshawar. Out of the total population, twenty schools were randomly…

Using formal specification in the Guidance and Control Software (GCS) experiment. Formal design and verification technology for life critical systems

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, Doug; Jamsek, Damir

1994-01-01

The goal of this task was to investigate how formal methods could be incorporated into a software engineering process for flight-control systems under DO-178B and to demonstrate that process by developing a formal specification for NASA's Guidance and Controls Software (GCS) Experiment. GCS is software to control the descent of a spacecraft onto a planet's surface. The GCS example is simplified from a real example spacecraft, but exhibits the characteristics of realistic spacecraft control software. The formal specification is written in Larch.

First order formalism for quantum gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gleiser, M.; Holman, R.; Neto, N.P.

1987-05-01

We develop a first order formalism for the quantization of gravity. We take as canonical variables both the induced metric and the extrinsic curvature of the (d - 1) -dimensional hypersurfaces obtained by the foliation of the d - dimensional spacetime. After solving the constraint algebra we use the Dirac formalism to quantize the theory and obtain a new representation for the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, defined in the functional space of the extrinsic curvature. We also show how to obtain several different representations of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation by considering actions differing by a total divergence. In particular, the intrinsic and extrinsic time approaches appear in a natural way, as do equivalent representations obtained by functional Fourier transforms of appropriate variables. We conclude with some remarks about the construction of the Hilbert space within the first order formalism. 10 refs

Formalization of the Resolution Calculus for First-Order Logic

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schlichtkrull, Anders

2018-01-01

between unsatisfiable sets of clauses and finite semantic trees is formalized in Herbrand’s theorem. I discuss the difficulties that I had formalizing proofs of the lifting lemma found in the literature, and I formalize a correct proof. The completeness proof is by induction on the size of a finite...

Towards Formal Verification of a Separation Microkernel

Science.gov (United States)

Butterfield, Andrew; Sanan, David; Hinchey, Mike

2013-08-01

The best approach to verifying an IMA separation kernel is to use a (fixed) time-space partitioning kernel with a multiple independent levels of separation (MILS) architecture. We describe an activity that explores the cost and feasibility of doing a formal verification of such a kernel to the Common Criteria (CC) levels mandated by the Separation Kernel Protection Profile (SKPP). We are developing a Reference Specification of such a kernel, and are using higher-order logic (HOL) to construct formal models of this specification and key separation properties. We then plan to do a dry run of part of a formal proof of those properties using the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover.

Formality theory from Poisson structures to deformation quantization

CERN Document Server

Esposito, Chiara

2015-01-01

This book is a survey of the theory of formal deformation quantization of Poisson manifolds, in the formalism developed by Kontsevich. It is intended as an educational introduction for mathematical physicists who are dealing with the subject for the first time. The main topics covered are the theory of Poisson manifolds, star products and their classification, deformations of associative algebras and the formality theorem. Readers will also be familiarized with the relevant physical motivations underlying the purely mathematical construction.

Formal and informal credit in four provinces of Vietnam

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barslund, Mikkel; Tarp, Finn

2008-01-01

This paper uses a survey of 932 rural households to uncover how the rural credit market operates in Vietnam. Households obtain credit through formal and informal lenders. Formal loans are almost entirely for production and asset accumulation, while informal loans are used for consumption smoothen......This paper uses a survey of 932 rural households to uncover how the rural credit market operates in Vietnam. Households obtain credit through formal and informal lenders. Formal loans are almost entirely for production and asset accumulation, while informal loans are used for consumption...

Fourier Series Formalization in ACL2(r

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cuong K. Chau

2015-09-01

Full Text Available We formalize some basic properties of Fourier series in the logic of ACL2(r, which is a variant of ACL2 that supports reasoning about the real and complex numbers by way of non-standard analysis. More specifically, we extend a framework for formally evaluating definite integrals of real-valued, continuous functions using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Our extended framework is also applied to functions containing free arguments. Using this framework, we are able to prove the orthogonality relationships between trigonometric functions, which are the essential properties in Fourier series analysis. The sum rule for definite integrals of indexed sums is also formalized by applying the extended framework along with the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the sum rule for differentiation. The Fourier coefficient formulas of periodic functions are then formalized from the orthogonality relations and the sum rule for integration. Consequently, the uniqueness of Fourier sums is a straightforward corollary. We also present our formalization of the sum rule for definite integrals of infinite series in ACL2(r. Part of this task is to prove the Dini Uniform Convergence Theorem and the continuity of a limit function under certain conditions. A key technique in our proofs of these theorems is to apply the overspill principle from non-standard analysis.

Formal methods for industrial critical systems a survey of applications

CERN Document Server

Margaria-Steffen, Tiziana

2012-01-01

"Today, formal methods are widely recognized as an essential step in the design process of industrial safety-critical systems. In its more general definition, the term formal methods encompasses all notations having a precise mathematical semantics, together with their associated analysis methods, that allow description and reasoning about the behavior of a system in a formal manner.Growing out of more than a decade of award-winning collaborative work within the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems: A Survey of Applications presents a number of mainstream formal methods currently used for designing industrial critical systems, with a focus on model checking. The purpose of the book is threefold: to reduce the effort required to learn formal methods, which has been a major drawback for their industrial dissemination; to help designers to adopt the formal methods which are most appropriate for their systems; and to offer a panel of state-of...

Proceedings of the First NASA Formal Methods Symposium

Science.gov (United States)

Denney, Ewen (Editor); Giannakopoulou, Dimitra (Editor); Pasareanu, Corina S. (Editor)

2009-01-01

Topics covered include: Model Checking - My 27-Year Quest to Overcome the State Explosion Problem; Applying Formal Methods to NASA Projects: Transition from Research to Practice; TLA+: Whence, Wherefore, and Whither; Formal Methods Applications in Air Transportation; Theorem Proving in Intel Hardware Design; Building a Formal Model of a Human-Interactive System: Insights into the Integration of Formal Methods and Human Factors Engineering; Model Checking for Autonomic Systems Specified with ASSL; A Game-Theoretic Approach to Branching Time Abstract-Check-Refine Process; Software Model Checking Without Source Code; Generalized Abstract Symbolic Summaries; A Comparative Study of Randomized Constraint Solvers for Random-Symbolic Testing; Component-Oriented Behavior Extraction for Autonomic System Design; Automated Verification of Design Patterns with LePUS3; A Module Language for Typing by Contracts; From Goal-Oriented Requirements to Event-B Specifications; Introduction of Virtualization Technology to Multi-Process Model Checking; Comparing Techniques for Certified Static Analysis; Towards a Framework for Generating Tests to Satisfy Complex Code Coverage in Java Pathfinder; jFuzz: A Concolic Whitebox Fuzzer for Java; Machine-Checkable Timed CSP; Stochastic Formal Correctness of Numerical Algorithms; Deductive Verification of Cryptographic Software; Coloured Petri Net Refinement Specification and Correctness Proof with Coq; Modeling Guidelines for Code Generation in the Railway Signaling Context; Tactical Synthesis Of Efficient Global Search Algorithms; Towards Co-Engineering Communicating Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems; and Formal Methods for Automated Diagnosis of Autosub 6000.

On Fitting a Formal Method into Practice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gmehlich, Rainer; Grau, Katrin; Hallerstede, Stefan

2011-01-01

. The interaction between the two proved to be crucial for the success of the case study. The heart of the problem was tracing informal requirements from Problem Frames descriptions to formal Event-B models. To a large degree, this issue dictated the approach that had to be used for formal modelling. A dedicated...

Formal, non-formal and informal learning in music : vocal students as animateurs : a case study of non-formal learning

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kors, Ninja; Mak, Peter

2006-01-01

The pilot project that will be described in this report was all about the animateur. What are his skills and attitudes? What are the pedagogical interventions that he uses in a workshop or an event? What are the main issues that arise when we try to include such a naturally non-formal and informal

Non-Formal Education: Interest in Human Capital

Science.gov (United States)

Ivanova, I. V.

2016-01-01

We define non-formal education as a part of general education, which gives students the required tools for cognition and creativity. It allows them to fully realize their self-potential and to set their own professional and personal goals. In this article, we outline the fundamental differences between general and non-formal education from the…

Rapid Prototyping of Formally Modelled Distributed Systems

OpenAIRE

Buchs, Didier; Buffo, Mathieu; Titsworth, Frances M.

1999-01-01

This paper presents various kinds of prototypes, used in the prototyping of formally modelled distributed systems. It presents the notions of prototyping techniques and prototype evolution, and shows how to relate them to the software life-cycle. It is illustrated through the use of the formal modelling language for distributed systems CO-OPN/2.

The formal path integral and quantum mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson-Freyd, Theo

2010-01-01

Given an arbitrary Lagrangian function on R d and a choice of classical path, one can try to define Feynman's path integral supported near the classical path as a formal power series parameterized by 'Feynman diagrams', although these diagrams may diverge. We compute this expansion and show that it is (formally, if there are ultraviolet divergences) invariant under volume-preserving changes of coordinates. We prove that if the ultraviolet divergences cancel at each order, then our formal path integral satisfies a 'Fubini theorem' expressing the standard composition law for the time evolution operator in quantum mechanics. Moreover, we show that when the Lagrangian is inhomogeneous quadratic in velocity such that its homogeneous-quadratic part is given by a matrix with constant determinant, then the divergences cancel at each order. Thus, by 'cutting and pasting' and choosing volume-compatible local coordinates, our construction defines a Feynman-diagrammatic 'formal path integral' for the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics of a charged particle moving in a Riemannian manifold with an external electromagnetic field.

Learning in later life: participation in formal, non-formal and informal activities in a nationally representative Spanish sample.

Science.gov (United States)

Villar, Feliciano; Celdrán, Montserrat

2013-06-01

This article examines the participation of Spanish older people in formal, non-formal and informal learning activities and presents a profile of participants in each kind of learning activity. We used data from a nationally representative sample of Spanish people between 60 and 75 years old ( n  = 4,703). The data were extracted from the 2007 Encuesta sobre la Participación de la Población Adulta en Actividades de Aprendizaje (EADA, Survey on Adult Population Involvement in Learning Activities). Overall, only 22.8 % of the sample participated in a learning activity. However, there was wide variation in the participation rates for the different types of activity. Informal activities were far more common than formal ones. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that education level and involvement in social and cultural activities were associated with likelihood of participating, regardless of the type of learning activity. When these variables were taken into account, age did not predict decreasing participation, at least in non-formal and informal activities. Implications for further research, future trends and policies to promote older adult education are discussed.

A diagrammatic construction of formal E-independent model hamiltonian

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kvasnicka, V.

1977-01-01

A diagrammatic construction of formal E-independent model interaction (i.e., without second-quantization formalism) is suggested. The construction starts from the quasi-degenerate Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory, in the framework of which an E-dependent model Hamiltonian is simply constructed. Applying the ''E-removing'' procedure to this E-dependent model Hamiltonian, the E-independent formal model Hamiltonian either Hermitian or non-Hermitian can diagrammatically be easily derived. For the formal E-independent model Hamiltonian the separability theorem is proved, which can be profitably used for a rather ''formalistic ''construction of a many-body E-independent model Hamiltonian

Cohomology in the Pure Spinor Formalism for the Superstring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berkovits, Nathan

2000-01-01

A manifestly super-Poincare covariant formalism for the superstring has recently been constructed using a pure spinor variable. Unlike the covariant Green-Schwarz formalism, this new formalism is easily quantized with a BRST operator and tree-level scattering amplitudes have been evaluated in a manifestly covariant manner. In this paper, the cohomology of the BRST operator in the pure spinor formalism is shown to give the usual light-cone Green-Schwarz spectrum. Although the BRST operator does not directly involve the Virasoro constraint, this constraint emerges after expressing the pure spinor variable in terms of SO(8) variables. (author)

Formalizing a Paraconsistent Logic in the Isabelle Proof Assistant

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Villadsen, Jørgen; Schlichtkrull, Anders

2017-01-01

We present a formalization of a so-called paraconsistent logic that avoids the catastrophic explosiveness of inconsistency in classical logic. The paraconsistent logic has a countably infinite number of non-classical truth values. We show how to use the proof assistant Isabelle to formally prove...... theorems in the logic as well as meta-theorems about the logic. In particular, we formalize a meta-theorem that allows us to reduce the infinite number of truth values to a finite number of truth values, for a given formula, and we use this result in a formalization of a small case study....

Rapidly converging path integral formalism. Pt. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bender, I.; Gromes, D.; Marquard, U.

1990-01-01

The action to be used in the path integral formalism is expanded in a systematic way in powers of the time spacing ε in order to optimize the convergence to the continuum limit. This modifies and extends the usual formalism in a transparent way. The path integral approximation to the Green function obtained by this method approaches the continuum Green function with a higher power of ε than the usual one. The general theoretical derivations are exemplified analytically for the harmonic oscillator and by Monte Carlo methods for the anharmonic oscillator. We also show how curvilinear coordinates and curved spaces can naturally be treated within this formalism. Work on field theory is in progress. (orig.)

Preparation and Characterization of Formalated Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Than Than Aye; Nyunt Win; San Myint

2011-12-01

A feasible hydrogen film was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sample. The effect of chemical grafting on polyvinyl alcohol film was studied. Polyvinyl alcohol sample was mixed with distilled water and autoclaved at 121C for 60 minutes. An aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was casted into a steel plate and dried for a certain time at room temperature. The obtained PVA film was immersed in formalation bath containing aqueous formaldehyde, sulphuric acid, anhydrous sodium sulphate with a weight ratio of (64:95:300) and 1 liter of distilled water at 60C for various hours. Effect of formalation time was studied varying 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Degree of formalation was also evaluated. Physical properties of the hydrogel film such as gel fraction, degree of swelling and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation and hardness were determined before and after formalation of the PVA film. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis, Thermogravimetric / Differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG) were also studied for characterization. It was found that the appropriate condition for formalation was occured at 24 hours formalation time of with the calculated degree of formalation 65.35% with the determined values (9.04 Mpa) for tensile strength, (241.92%) for elongation, (45.30 Shore D) for hardness, (280.36%) for degree of swelling and (68.32%) for gel fraction.

FORMS OF LEARNING WITHIN HIGHER EDUCATION. BLENDING FORMAL, INFORMAL AND NON-FORMAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina- Teodora MANOLESCU

2018-07-01

Full Text Available Changes that occur in the socio-economic environment determine new challenges for individuals that strive to acquire new, more valuable competencies. The universities, considered one of the most important pillars in developing such competencies, are challenged to develop and harmonize different forms of education (formal, informal and non-formal in order to respond to individuals’ and organizations’ needs. The mixture of learning forms can bring competitive advantage for the universities. However mixing the learning forms is not so easy to accomplish, considering that the stakeholders’ requirements could be divergent and the resources are limited. This paper aims at presenting the advantages and disadvantages of these forms of learning and also outlines few examples of the interferences. At last, the paper presents some preliminary results of a quantitative research regarding the perception on the usage of the three forms of learning of one of its stakeholders - the higher education candidates. Some implications for both universities and high school education are highlighted.

The Assignment of Judging in the New Code of Civil Procedure: The Interactions Between the Legal Formalism and Democratic Formalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alan Da Silva Esteves Da Silva Esteves

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The assignment of judging in the new Code of Civil Procedure starts with the interactions between classical formalism and democratic formalism. The theories of constitutional hermeneutics, of civil adjectival law and of traditional Positivism are used in order to reaffirm the requirement of motivating the judgment in the higher degree of quality. It is necessary to understand the changes of the standards on the legal interpretation and the act of judging. The concept of jurisdiction in the Constitutional State connects to the constitutional principles of justice and fundamental rights, and approach the formal aspects of materials.

Barriers to formal emergency obstetric care services' utilization.

Science.gov (United States)

Essendi, Hildah; Mills, Samuel; Fotso, Jean-Christophe

2011-06-01

Access to appropriate health care including skilled birth attendance at delivery and timely referrals to emergency obstetric care services can greatly reduce maternal deaths and disabilities, yet women in sub-Saharan Africa continue to face limited access to skilled delivery services. This study relies on qualitative data collected from residents of two slums in Nairobi, Kenya in 2006 to investigate views surrounding barriers to the uptake of formal obstetric services. Data indicate that slum dwellers prefer formal to informal obstetric services. However, their efforts to utilize formal emergency obstetric care services are constrained by various factors including ineffective health decision making at the family level, inadequate transport facilities to formal care facilities and insecurity at night, high cost of health services, and inhospitable formal service providers and poorly equipped health facilities in the slums. As a result, a majority of slum dwellers opt for delivery services offered by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) who lack essential skills and equipment, thereby increasing the risk of death and disability. Based on these findings, we maintain that urban poor women face barriers to access of formal obstetric services at family, community, and health facility levels, and efforts to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality among the urban poor must tackle the barriers, which operate at these different levels to hinder women's access to formal obstetric care services. We recommend continuous community education on symptoms of complications related to pregnancy and timely referral. A focus on training of health personnel on "public relations" could also restore confidence in the health-care system with this populace. Further, we recommend improving the health facilities in the slums, improving the services provided by TBAs through capacity building as well as involving TBAs in referral processes to make access to services timely. Measures can also be

Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Grafen, Alan

2009-11-12

Inclusive fitness maximization is a basic building block for biological contributions to any theory of the evolution of society. There is a view in mathematical population genetics that nothing is caused to be maximized in the process of natural selection, but this is explained as arising from a misunderstanding about the meaning of fitness maximization. Current theoretical work on inclusive fitness is discussed, with emphasis on the author's 'formal Darwinism project'. Generally, favourable conclusions are drawn about the validity of assuming fitness maximization, but the need for continuing work is emphasized, along with the possibility that substantive exceptions may be uncovered. The formal Darwinism project aims more ambitiously to represent in a formal mathematical framework the central point of Darwin's Origin of Species, that the mechanical processes of inheritance and reproduction can give rise to the appearance of design, and it is a fitting ambition in Darwin's bicentenary year to capture his most profound discovery in the lingua franca of science.

Orality and literacy, formality and informality in email communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Pérez Sabater

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Approaches to the linguistic characteristics of computer-mediated communication (CMC have highlighted the frequent oral traits involved in electronic mail along with features of written language. But email is today a new communication exchange medium in social, professional and academic settings, frequently used as a substitute for the traditional formal letter. The oral characterizations and linguistic formality involved in this use of emails are still in need of research. This paper explores the formal and informal features in emails based on a corpus of messages exchanged by academic institutions, and studies the similarities and differences on the basis of their mode of communication (one-to-one or one-to-many and the sender’s mother tongue (native or nonnative. The language samples collected were systematically analyzed for formality of greetings and farewells, use of contractions, politeness indicators and non-standard linguistic features. The findings provide new insights into traits of orality and formality in email communication and demonstrate the emergence of a new style in writing for even the most important, confidential and formal purposes which seems to be forming a new sub-genre of letter-writing.

A formalization of the Berlekamp-Zassenhaus factorization algorithm

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Divasón, Jose; Joosten, Sebastiaan; Thiemann, René; Yamada, Akihisa

2017-01-01

We formalize the Berlekamp–Zassenhaus algorithm for factoring square-free integer polynomials in Isabelle/HOL. We further adapt an existing formalization of Yun’s square-free factorization algorithm to integer polynomials, and thus provide an efficient and certified factorization algorithm for

Relating Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalisms of LC Circuits

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Clemente-Gallardo, Jesús; Scherpen, Jacquelien M.A.

2003-01-01

The Lagrangian formalism earlier defined for (switching) electrical circuits, is adapted to the Lagrangian formalism defined on Lie algebroids. This allows us to define regular Lagrangians and consequently, well-defined Hamiltonian descriptions of arbitrary LC networks. The relation with other

Viewpoints, Formalisms, Languages, and Tools for Cyber-Physical Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2014-05-16

ACM, Inc., fax +1 (212) 869-0481. Formalisms Languages and ToolsViewpoints supported by implemented by based on Figure 1: Framework for Viewpoints...Description Languages Examples: VHDL , Verilog, and AMS extensions Reactive languages Examples: SCADE/Lustre and Giotto Model Checkers Examples: Spin, NuSMV...syntax and a formal semantics. Languages are con- crete implementations of formalisms. A language has a con- crete syntax, may deviate slightly from

Formal methods for discrete-time dynamical systems

CERN Document Server

Belta, Calin; Aydin Gol, Ebru

2017-01-01

This book bridges fundamental gaps between control theory and formal methods. Although it focuses on discrete-time linear and piecewise affine systems, it also provides general frameworks for abstraction, analysis, and control of more general models. The book is self-contained, and while some mathematical knowledge is necessary, readers are not expected to have a background in formal methods or control theory. It rigorously defines concepts from formal methods, such as transition systems, temporal logics, model checking and synthesis. It then links these to the infinite state dynamical systems through abstractions that are intuitive and only require basic convex-analysis and control-theory terminology, which is provided in the appendix. Several examples and illustrations help readers understand and visualize the concepts introduced throughout the book.

Linguistic Formalism for Semi-Autonomous Reactor Operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joo, Sungmoon; Seo, Sang Mun; Suh, Yong-Suk; Park, Cheol

2017-01-01

The ultimate goal of our work is to develop a novel, integrated system for semi-autonomous reactor operation by introducing an interfacing language shared by human reactor operators and artificially intelligent service agents (e.g., robots). We envision that human operators and artificially intelligent service agents operate the reactor cooperatively in the future. For example, an artificially intelligent service agent carries out a human reactor operator's command or reports the result of a task commanded by the human reactor operator. This work presents preliminary work towards a unified linguistic formalism for cooperative, semiautonomous reactor operation. Application of the proposed formalism to reactor operator communication domain shows that the formalism effectively captures the syntax and semantics of the domain-specific language defined by the communication protocol.

Formal Concept Analysis for Information Retrieval

OpenAIRE

Qadi, Abderrahim El; Aboutajedine, Driss; Ennouary, Yassine

2010-01-01

In this paper we describe a mechanism to improve Information Retrieval (IR) on the web. The method is based on Formal Concepts Analysis (FCA) that it is makes semantical relations during the queries, and allows a reorganizing, in the shape of a lattice of concepts, the answers provided by a search engine. We proposed for the IR an incremental algorithm based on Galois lattice. This algorithm allows a formal clustering of the data sources, and the results which it turns over are classified by ...

Formal Institutions and Subjective Well-Being

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørnskov, Christian; Dreher, Axel; Fischer, Justina

A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent cross-country stud......A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent cross...

The formal and the formalized: the cases of syllogistic and supposition theory

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dutilh Novaes, Catarina

2015-01-01

As a discipline, logic is arguably constituted of two main sub-projects: formal theories of argument validity on the basis of a small number of patterns, and theories of how to reduce the multiplicity of arguments in non-logical, informal contexts to the small number of patterns whose validity is

On the Equivalence of Formal Grammars and Machines.

Science.gov (United States)

Lund, Bruce

1991-01-01

Explores concepts of formal language and automata theory underlying computational linguistics. A computational formalism is described known as a "logic grammar," with which computational systems process linguistic data, with examples in declarative and procedural semantics and definite clause grammars. (13 references) (CB)

A formal theory of the selfish gene.

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, A; Welch, J J

2011-08-01

Adaptation is conventionally regarded as occurring at the level of the individual organism. In contrast, the theory of the selfish gene proposes that it is more correct to view adaptation as occurring at the level of the gene. This view has received much popular attention, yet has enjoyed only limited uptake in the primary research literature. Indeed, the idea of ascribing goals and strategies to genes has been highly controversial. Here, we develop a formal theory of the selfish gene, using optimization theory to capture the analogy of 'gene as fitness-maximizing agent' in mathematical terms. We provide formal justification for this view of adaptation by deriving mathematical correspondences that translate the optimization formalism into dynamical population genetics. We show that in the context of social interactions between genes, it is the gene's inclusive fitness that provides the appropriate maximand. Hence, genic selection can drive the evolution of altruistic genes. Finally, we use the formalism to assess the various criticisms that have been levelled at the theory of the selfish gene, dispelling some and strengthening others. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2011 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Criteria for logical formalization

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Peregrin, Jaroslav; Svoboda, Vladimír

2013-01-01

Roč. 190, č. 14 (2013), s. 2897-2924 ISSN 0039-7857 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP401/10/1279 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : logic * logical form * formalization * reflective equilibrium Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion Impact factor: 0.637, year: 2013

Formalization of Medical Guidelines

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Peleška, Jan; Anger, Z.; Buchtela, David; Šebesta, K.; Tomečková, Marie; Veselý, Arnošt; Zvára, K.; Zvárová, Jana

2005-01-01

Roč. 1, - (2005), s. 133-141 ISSN 1801-5603 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR 1ET200300413 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : GLIF model * formalization of guidelines * prevention of cardiovascular diseases Subject RIV: IN - Informatics, Computer Science

The Benefits of Formalization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rand, John; Torm, Nina Elisabeth

2012-01-01

Based on unique panel data consisting of both formal and informal firms, this paper uses a matched double difference approach to examine the relationship between legal status and firm level outcomes in micro, small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Controlling for determinin...

El Salvador - Formal Technical Education

Data.gov (United States)

Millennium Challenge Corporation — With a budget of nearly $20 million, the Formal Technical Education Sub-Activity was designed to strengthen technical and vocational educational institutions in the...

Methodological imperfection and formalizations in scientific activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svetlichny, G.

1987-01-01

Any mathematical formalization of scientific activity allows for imperfections in the methodology that is formalized. These can be of three types, dirty, rotten, and dammed. Restricting mathematical attention to those methods that cannot be construed to be imperfect drastically reduces the class of objects that must be analyzed, and related all other objects to these more regular ones. Examples are drawn from empirical logic

Formal concept analysis in knowledge discovery: A survey

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Poelmans, J.; Elzinga, P.; Viaene, S.; Dedene, G.; Croitoru, M.; Ferré, S.; Lukose, D.

2010-01-01

In this paper, we analyze the literature on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) using FCA. We collected 702 papers published between 2003-2009 mentioning Formal Concept Analysis in the abstract. We developed a knowledge browsing environment to support our literature analysis process. The pdf-files

Lekhnitskii's formalism of one-dimensional quasicrystals and its ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

To illustrate its utility, the generalized Lekhnitskii's formal- ism is used to analyse the coupled phonon and phason fields in an infinite quasicrystal medium con- taining an elliptic rigid inclusion. Keywords. Generalized Lekhnitskii's formalism; one-dimensional quasicrystals; plane problems; elliptic inclusion. PACS Nos 61.44.

Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ansari, M.; Nazarov, Y. V.

2016-01-01

We present a compact and self-contained review of the recently developed Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds. The formalism has been applied to consistent quantum evaluation of the flows of informational quantities, in particular, to the evaluation of Renyi and Shannon entropy flows. We start with the formulation of the standard and extended Keldysh techniques in a single world in a form convenient for our presentation. We explain the use of Keldysh contours encompassing multiple parallel worlds. In the end, we briefly summarize the concrete results obtained with the method.

Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds

Science.gov (United States)

Ansari, M.; Nazarov, Y. V.

2016-03-01

We present a compact and self-contained review of the recently developed Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds. The formalism has been applied to consistent quantum evaluation of the flows of informational quantities, in particular, to the evaluation of Renyi and Shannon entropy flows. We start with the formulation of the standard and extended Keldysh techniques in a single world in a form convenient for our presentation. We explain the use of Keldysh contours encompassing multiple parallel worlds. In the end, we briefly summarize the concrete results obtained with the method.

Towards formalization of inspection using petrinets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Javed, M.; Naeem, M.; Bahadur, F.; Wahab, A.

2014-01-01

Achieving better quality software has always been a challenge for software developers. Inspection is one of the most efficient techniques, which ensure the quality of software during its development. To the best of our knowledge, current inspection techniques are not realized by any formal approach. In this paper, we propose an inspection technique, which is not only backed by the formal mathematical semantics of Petri nets, but also supports inspecting concurrent processes. We also use a case study of an agent based distributed processing system to demonstrate the inspection of concurrent processes. (author)

Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ansari, M.; Nazarov, Y. V., E-mail: y.v.nazarov@tudelft.nl [Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience (Netherlands)

2016-03-15

We present a compact and self-contained review of the recently developed Keldysh formalism for multiple parallel worlds. The formalism has been applied to consistent quantum evaluation of the flows of informational quantities, in particular, to the evaluation of Renyi and Shannon entropy flows. We start with the formulation of the standard and extended Keldysh techniques in a single world in a form convenient for our presentation. We explain the use of Keldysh contours encompassing multiple parallel worlds. In the end, we briefly summarize the concrete results obtained with the method.

Longitudinal Associations Between Formal Volunteering and Cognitive Functioning.

Science.gov (United States)

Proulx, Christine M; Curl, Angela L; Ermer, Ashley E

2018-03-02

The present study examines the association between formal volunteering and cognitive functioning over time. We also examine the moderating roles of race, sex, education, and time. Using 11,100 participants aged 51 years and older and nine waves of data from the Health and Retirement Survey, we simultaneously modeled the longitudinal associations between engaging in formal volunteering and changes in cognitive functioning using multilevel models. Formal volunteering was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning over time, especially with aspects of cognitive functioning related to working memory and processing. This association was stronger for women than it was for men, and for those with below average levels of education. The positive association between formal volunteering and cognitive functioning weakened over time when cognitive functioning was conceptualized as memory, but strengthened over time when conceptualized as working memory and processing. Volunteering is a productive activity that is beneficial not just to society, but to volunteers' levels of cognitive functioning in older age. For women and those with lower levels of education, formal volunteering appears particularly beneficial to working memory and processing. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Readings in Formal Epistemology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

‘Formal epistemology’ is a term coined in the late 1990s for a new constellation of interests in philosophy,the roots of which are found in earlier works of epistemologists, philosophers of science, and logicians. It addresses a growing agenda of problems concerning knowledge, belief, certainty, ...

Fear of the Formal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

du Gay, Paul; Lopdrup-Hjorth, Thomas

2016-01-01

term this ‘fear of the formal’, outlining key elements of its genealogy and exploring its contemporary manifestation in relation to recent and ongoing reforms of organisational life in a range of contexts. At the same time, we seek to indicate the continuing constitutive significance of formality...

Do formal management practices impact the emergence of bootlegging behavior?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Globocnik, Dietfried; Salomo, Søren

2014-01-01

behavior, research has barely addressed the antecedents of this deviance. Drawing on strain theory and social cognitive theory, we study whether the emergence of bootlegging behavior is influenced by formal management practices, in particular, strategic autonomy, front-end formality, rewards, and sanctions......Innovation in an organization often relies on initiatives by employees who take action to develop their ideas and obtain buy-in by organizational decision-makers. To achieve this, employees sometimes apply unorthodox approaches, ignoring formal structures to further elaborate their ideas' potential...... and promote their implementation. They work without formal legitimacy and gather their own resources until sufficient clarity allows for informed decisions. Finally, they bypass formal communication channels to convince top management of the merits of their ideas. Despite the significance of such bootlegging...

Balancing Formality and Informality in Business Exchanges as a Duality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lin, Daomi; Lu, Jiangyong; Li, Peter Ping

2015-01-01

emphasized formality more than informality, while local entrepreneurs stressed informality more than formality. However, the formality-informality balance among both returnee and local entrepreneurs converged over time in line with the institutional transition in China. Returnee entrepreneurs increased...... for firms, especially those facing institutional differences in transnational contexts and institutional transitions. In this research, we conducted a comparative multicase study on returnee entrepreneurs and local entrepreneurs in China. We found that at the early stage of venturing, returnee entrepreneurs...... the emphasis on informality (but kept the dominant position of formality), whereas local entrepreneurs gradually shifted from informality to formality. The spatial pattern of asymmetrical balancing and the temporal pattern of transitional balancing are both rooted in the Chinese philosophy of Yin...

Multiperipheral ring dynamics and a definition of the complete twisted Reggeon loop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lucht, P.H.

1977-11-01

The t less than 0 multiperipheral formalism of Ciafaloni, DeTar, Misheloff, Mueller, Muzinich and Yesian is reviewed, extended, and applied to the ordered S-matrix whose ring amplitudes comprise the zeroth level of the topological expansion. Toller M-function notation is used throughout. The bootstrap and cylinder problems are formulated in terms of a well defined helicity pole propagator; a definition of the complete twisted Reggeon loop, which appears in the one-twist term of the cylinder, is given as a helicity pole expansion. Some consideration is given to the following subjects: diagonalization, naturality, threshold behavior, Regge cuts, and complex helicity

A study of inclusive Ψ- production from K-p interactions at 4.2 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganguli, S.N.; Berge, J.P.; Gavillet, Ph.; Hemingway, R.J.; Muirhead, H.; Blokzijl, R.; Kluyver, J.C.; Wolters, G.F.; Kittel, W.; Shephard, W.D.; Walle, R.T. van de; Grossmann, P.; Lamb, P.R.; Wells, J.

1977-01-01

A study of inclusive Ψ - production from a high statistics K - p experiment at 4.2 GeV/c has been made. The total Ψ - production cross section is 157 +- 8 μb. Approximately 15% of the Ψ - arise from decay of the Ψ* 0 (1530) resonance. The polarization of the Ψ - is found to be negative and is nearly equal in value to that of the Λ 0 from the inclusive reaction K - + p → Λ 0 + anything. An analysis of the inclusive production of Ψ - has been made in the framework of the triple-Regge formalism. (Auth.)

Essential competencies analysis of a training model development for non-formal vocational teachers under the office of the non-formal and informal education in Thailand

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chayanopparat Piyanan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Non-formal vocational education provides practical experiences in a particular occupational field to non-formal semi-skilled learners. Non-formal vocational teachers are the key persons to deliver particular occupational knowledge. The essential competencies enhancement for non-sformal vocational teachers will improve teaching performance. The question of the research is what the essential competencies for the nonformal vocational teachers are. The research method was 1 to review related literature, 2 to collect a needs assessment, and 3 to analyse the essential competencies for non-formal vocational teachers. The population includes non-formal vocational teachers at the executive level and nonformal vocational teachers. The results from the essential competencies analysis found that the essential competencies for non-formal vocational teachers consist of 5 capabilities including 1 Adult learning design capability, 2 Adult learning principle application capability, 3 ICT searching capability for teaching preparation, 4 Instructional plan development capability and 5 Instructional media development capability.

Formal description of the OSI session layer: introduction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ajubi, I.; Scollo, Giuseppe; van Sinderen, Marten J.; van Eijk, P.H.J.; Vissers, C.A.; Diaz, M.

1989-01-01

The LOTOS formal description of the OSI session layer is introduced with the purpose of familiarizing the reader with the design choices that influenced the development of the formal description. Such design choices concern the adoptation of specification styles and the reflection of elements of the

Formal Test Automation: The Conference Protocol with PHACT

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heerink, A.W.; Ural, Hasan; Probert, Robert L.; Feenstra, J.; Tretmans, G.J.; von Bochmann, Gregor

2000-01-01

We discuss a case study of automatic test generation and test execution based on formal methods. The case is the Conference Protocol, a simple, chatbox-like protocol, for which (formal) specifications and multiple implementations are publicly available and which is also used in other case study

O formal, o não formal e as outras formas: a aula de física como gênero discursivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giselle Faur de Castro Catarino

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Muchas investigaciones han puesto de relieve similitudes y diferencias entre la educación formal y no formal. Podemos decir que los dos tipos de educación son diferentes, lo que requiere de formación inicial y continuada, diferenciada para profesores que quieran transitar en estos espacios educativos. Entendemos que este tipo de formación es posible y es una realidad para estudiantes que asumen actividades en espacios no formales vinculados a la educación. Nuestro objetivo en este artículo, que hace parte de una tesis de doctorado, es entender los beneficios y obstáculos que se generan en la vida cotidiana de profesores que se mueven en los dos ámbitos de formación. Del análisis de la práctica de un maestro que trae consigo esta formación diferenciada, creando una práctica híbrida, notamos una forma de la clase que creemos pertenece a un género discursivo específico, diferente del formal y el no formal. Para ello, esbozaremos un marco teórico, basado en las ideas de Mikhail Bakhtin, que nos permita pensar la clase como un género discursivo.

SME´s semi-formality rate in Costa Rica: a clusters approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lizette Brenes Bonilla

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The MSME Observatory has been studying MSMEs in Costa Rica. Its findings show that for every formal enterprise, there are 2.4 semi-formal ones. The latter refers to those enterprises that have already started the formalization process with the corresponding municipality but that still do not have all the formalization requirements.Owing to the importance of the semi-formal sector in the economic activity of Costa Rica, this study analyzed this business park and the role of municipal management concerning MSMEs, calculated the correlation among semi-formality, competitiveness, and development, and finally, proposed a cluster design to deal with the state of affairs. It should be noted that this type of analysis has never been undertaken in the country.

Formal Institutions and Subjective Wellbeing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjørnskov, Christian; Dreher, Axel; Fischer, Justina A.V.

2010-01-01

A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited, and inconclusive. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent...... cross-country studies on the institution-happiness association. Our findings suggest that their conclusions are qualitatively rather insensitive to the specific measure of 'happiness' used, while the associations between formal institutions and subjective well-being differ among poor and rich countries....... Separating different types of institutional quality, we find that in low-income countries the effects of economic-judicial institutions on happiness dominate those of political institutions, while analyses restricted to middle- and high-income countries show strong support for an additional beneficial effect...

Methodology of formal software evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuszynski, J.

1998-01-01

Sydkraft AB, the major Swedish utility, owner of ca 6000 MW el installed in nuclear (NPP Barsebaeck and NPP Oskarshamn), fossil fuel and hydro Power Plants is facing modernization of the control systems of the plants. Standards applicable require structured, formal methods for implementation of the control functions in the modem, real time software systems. This presentation introduces implementation methodology as discussed presently at the Sydkraft organisation. The approach suggested is based upon the process of co-operation of three parties taking part in the implementation; owner of the plant, vendor and Quality Assurance (QA) organisation. QA will be based on tools for formal software validation and on systematic gathering by the owner of validated and proved-by-operation control modules for the concern-wide utilisation. (author)

Formalizing physical security procedures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meadows, C.; Pavlovic, Dusko

Although the problems of physical security emerged more than 10,000 years before the problems of computer security, no formal methods have been developed for them, and the solutions have been evolving slowly, mostly through social procedures. But as the traffic on physical and social networks is now

Learning in non-formal education: Is it "youthful" for youth in action?

Science.gov (United States)

Norqvist, Lars; Leffler, Eva

2017-04-01

This article offers insights into the practices of a non-formal education programme for youth provided by the European Union (EU). It takes a qualitative approach and is based on a case study of the European Voluntary Service (EVS). Data were collected during individual and focus group interviews with learners (the EVS volunteers), decision takers and trainers, with the aim of deriving an understanding of learning in non-formal education. The research questions concerned learning, the recognition of learning and perspectives of usefulness. The study also examined the Youthpass documentation tool as a key to understanding the recognition of learning and to determine whether the learning was useful for learners (the volunteers). The findings and analysis offer several interpretations of learning, and the recognition of learning, which take place in non-formal education. The findings also revealed that it is complicated to divide learning into formal and non- formal categories; instead, non-formal education is useful for individual learners when both formal and non-formal educational contexts are integrated. As a consequence, the division of formal and non-formal (and possibly even informal) learning creates a gap which works against the development of flexible and interconnected education with ubiquitous learning and mobility within and across formal and non-formal education. This development is not in the best interests of learners, especially when seeking useful learning and education for youth (what the authors term "youthful" for youth in action).

Formalized Linear Algebra over Elementary Divisor Rings in Coq

OpenAIRE

Cano , Guillaume; Cohen , Cyril; Dénès , Maxime; Mörtberg , Anders; Siles , Vincent

2016-01-01

International audience; This paper presents a Coq formalization of linear algebra over elementary divisor rings, that is, rings where every matrix is equivalent to a matrix in Smith normal form. The main results are the formalization that these rings support essential operations of linear algebra, the classification theorem of finitely pre-sented modules over such rings and the uniqueness of the Smith normal form up to multiplication by units. We present formally verified algorithms comput-in...

Formalization and Implementation of Algebraic Methods in Geometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Filip Marić

2012-02-01

Full Text Available We describe our ongoing project of formalization of algebraic methods for geometry theorem proving (Wu's method and the Groebner bases method, their implementation and integration in educational tools. The project includes formal verification of the algebraic methods within Isabelle/HOL proof assistant and development of a new, open-source Java implementation of the algebraic methods. The project should fill-in some gaps still existing in this area (e.g., the lack of formal links between algebraic methods and synthetic geometry and the lack of self-contained implementations of algebraic methods suitable for integration with dynamic geometry tools and should enable new applications of theorem proving in education.

Film for Non-Formal Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenkins, Janet

1979-01-01

Looks at educational factors in using television or cinema film for non-formal education in developing nations. Styles of presentation in films are discussed, and suggestions are made for assessing effectiveness. (JEG)

Traditional and formal education: Means of improving grasscutter ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study concludes that both traditional and non-formal education are important for the development and efficiency of grasscutter farming in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State. The following are the recommendations of the study: revision of the curriculum of formal schools to include items that inculcate ...

Formal structures for extracting analytically justifiable decisions from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper identifies the benefits of transforming business process models into Decision Support Systems (DSS). However, the literature reveals that a business process model “should have a formal foundation” as a major requirement for transforming it into a DSS. The paper further ascertains that formal structures refer to ...

Academic Achievement and Formal Thought in Engineering Students

Science.gov (United States)

Vazquez, Stella Maris; de Anglat, Hilda Difabio

2009-01-01

Introduction: Research on university-level academic performance has significantly linked failure and dropping out to formal reasoning deficiency. We have not found any papers on formal thought in Argentine university students, in spite of the obvious shortcomings observed in the classrooms. Thus, the main objective of this paper was exploring the…

Enhancing System Realisation in Formal Model Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tran-Jørgensen, Peter Würtz Vinther

and requirements of software extensions targeting Overture. The tools developed in this PhD project have successfully supported three case studies from externally funded projects. The feedback received from the case study work has further helped improve the code generation infrastructure and the tools built using...... implementation. One way to realise the system’s software is by automatically generating it from the formal specification – a technique referred to as code generation. However, in general it is difficult to make guarantees about the correctness of the generated code – especially while requiring automation...... of the steps involved in realising the formal specification. This PhD dissertation investigates ways to improve the automation of the steps involved in realising and validating a system based on a formal specification. The approach aims to develop properly designed software tools which support the integration...

Exploiting formal, non-formal and informal learning when using business games in leadership education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Børgesen, Kenneth; Nielsen, Rikke Kristine; Henriksen, Thomas Duus

2016-01-01

Purpose This paper aims to address the necessity of allowing non-formal and informal processes to unfold when using business games for leadership development. While games and simulations have long been used in management training and leadership development, emphasis has been placed on the formal...... of the process is not assessed. Practical implications This paper suggests that the use of business games in leadership development should focus more on the processes and activities surrounding the game rather than narrowly focusing on the game. Originality/value This paper suggests a novel approach to using...... parts of the process and especially on the gaming experience. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a qualitative study of a French management game on change management, in which the game-based learning process is examined in light of adult learning. Findings This paper concludes that less...

Robot-assisted laparoscopic skills development: formal versus informal training.

Science.gov (United States)

Benson, Aaron D; Kramer, Brandan A; Boehler, Margaret; Schwind, Cathy J; Schwartz, Bradley F

2010-08-01

The learning curve for robotic surgery is not completely defined, and ideal training components have not yet been identified. We attempted to determine whether skill development would be accelerated with formal, organized instruction in robotic surgical techniques versus informal practice alone. Forty-three medical students naive to robotic surgery were randomized into two groups and tested on three tasks using the robotic platform. Between the testing sessions, the students were given equally timed practice sessions. The formal training group participated in an organized, formal training session with instruction from an attending robotic surgeon, whereas the informal training group participated in an equally timed unstructured practice session with the robot. The results were compared based on technical score and time to completion of each task. There was no difference between groups in prepractice testing for any task. In postpractice testing, there was no difference between groups for the ring transfer tasks. However, for the suture placement and knot-tying task, the technical score of the formal training group was significantly better than that of the informal training group (p formal training may not be necessary for basic skills, formal instruction for more advanced skills, such as suture placement and knot tying, is important in developing skills needed for effective robotic surgery. These findings may be important in formulating potential skills labs or training courses for robotic surgery.

The formality of learning science in everyday life: A conceptual literature review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niels Bonderup Dohn

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The terms non-formal and informal are attributed to learning in everyday life by many authors, often linked to their interests in particular learning practices. However, many authors use the terms without any clear definition, or employ conflicting definitions and boundaries. An analysis of relevant literature revealed two fundamentally different interpretations of informal learning. The one describes formality of education at the organizational level, while the second describes formality of learning at the psychological level. This article presents a conceptual reconciling of these two perspectives. Based on a literature review, the educational modes of education are defined as discrete entities (formal, non-formal, and informal education, whereas formality at the psychological level is defined in terms of attributes of formality and informality along a continuum (formal ↔ informal learning. Relations to other  well-established frameworks within the field of informal learning are discussed.

Improved formalism for precision Higgs coupling fits

Science.gov (United States)

Barklow, Tim; Fujii, Keisuke; Jung, Sunghoon; Karl, Robert; List, Jenny; Ogawa, Tomohisa; Peskin, Michael E.; Tian, Junping

2018-03-01

Future e+e- colliders give the promise of model-independent determinations of the couplings of the Higgs boson. In this paper, we present an improved formalism for extracting Higgs boson couplings from e+e- data, based on the effective field theory description of corrections to the Standard Model. We apply this formalism to give projections of Higgs coupling accuracies for stages of the International Linear Collider and for other proposed e+e- colliders.

Young People, Entrepreneurship And Non Formal Learning

OpenAIRE

Pantea, Maria-Carmen; Diroescu, Raluca; Podlasek-Ziegler, Maria

2016-01-01

The book was published by SALTO-Youth Participation, a Resource Centre of the European Commission. It looks into the relationship between youth work (non-formal learning) and entrepreneurship. The book explores the theoretical developments in the field, the ethical dilemmas and tensions, and proposes practice-oriented information: illustrative examples, strategies for action and methods of non-formal education. Structured in 24 chapters, the book is an opportunity to open up debates and quest...

Improved formalism for precision Higgs coupling fits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barklow, Tim; Peskin, Michael E.; Jung, Sunghoon; Tian, Junping

2017-08-01

Future e + e - colliders give the promise of model-independent determinations of the couplings of the Higgs boson. In this paper, we present an improved formalism for extracting Higgs boson couplings from e + e - data, based on the Effective Field Theory description of corrections to the Standard Model. We apply this formalism to give projections of Higgs coupling accuracies for stages of the International Linear Collider and for other proposed e + e - colliders.

A formalism for the calculus of variations with spinors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bäckdahl, Thomas, E-mail: thobac@chalmers.se [The School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, JCMB 6228, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom and Mathematical Sciences - Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg - SE-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Valiente Kroon, Juan A., E-mail: j.a.valiente-kroon@qmul.ac.uk [School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS (United Kingdom)

2016-02-15

We develop a frame and dyad gauge-independent formalism for the calculus of variations of functionals involving spinorial objects. As a part of this formalism, we define a modified variation operator which absorbs frame and spin dyad gauge terms. This formalism is applicable to both the standard spacetime (i.e., SL(2, ℂ)) 2-spinors as well as to space (i.e., SU(2, ℂ)) 2-spinors. We compute expressions for the variations of the connection and the curvature spinors.

A formalism for the calculus of variations with spinors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bäckdahl, Thomas; Valiente Kroon, Juan A.

2016-01-01

We develop a frame and dyad gauge-independent formalism for the calculus of variations of functionals involving spinorial objects. As a part of this formalism, we define a modified variation operator which absorbs frame and spin dyad gauge terms. This formalism is applicable to both the standard spacetime (i.e., SL(2, ℂ)) 2-spinors as well as to space (i.e., SU(2, ℂ)) 2-spinors. We compute expressions for the variations of the connection and the curvature spinors

Formal methods in design and verification of functional specifications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaelisuo, H.

1995-01-01

It is claimed that formal methods should be applied already when specifying the functioning of the control/monitoring system, i.e. when planning how to implement the desired operation of the plant. Formal methods are seen as a way to mechanize and thus automate part of the planning. All mathematical methods which can be applied on related problem solving should be considered as formal methods. Because formal methods can only support the designer, not replace him/her, they must be integrated into a design support tool. Such a tool must also aid the designer in getting the correct conception of the plant and its behaviour. The use of a hypothetic design support tool is illustrated to clarify the requirements such a tool should fulfill. (author). 3 refs, 5 figs

Building a Formal Model of a Human-Interactive System: Insights into the Integration of Formal Methods and Human Factors Engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Bolton, Matthew L.; Bass, Ellen J.

2009-01-01

Both the human factors engineering (HFE) and formal methods communities are concerned with finding and eliminating problems with safety-critical systems. This work discusses a modeling effort that leveraged methods from both fields to use model checking with HFE practices to perform formal verification of a human-interactive system. Despite the use of a seemingly simple target system, a patient controlled analgesia pump, the initial model proved to be difficult for the model checker to verify in a reasonable amount of time. This resulted in a number of model revisions that affected the HFE architectural, representativeness, and understandability goals of the effort. If formal methods are to meet the needs of the HFE community, additional modeling tools and technological developments are necessary.

Formalization of Hostel Management System. | Obi | Journal of the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

HMS) can invariably contribute greatly to the success, profitability and customerbased approach of such an organization. The use of formal specification creates a formal approach for specifying the underlying functions and properties of the ...

Informal work and formal plans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalsted, Rikke Juul; Hølge-Hazelton, Bibi; Kousgaard, Marius Brostrøm

2012-01-01

trajectories. METHODS AND THEORY: An in-depth case study of patient trajectories at a Danish hospital and surrounding municipality using individual interviews with patients. Theory about trajectory and work by Strauss was included. RESULTS: Patients continuously took initiatives to organize their treatment...... and care. They initiated processes in the trajectories, and acquired information, which they used to form their trajectories. Patients presented problems to the healthcare professionals in order to get proper help when needed. DISCUSSION: Work done by patients was invisible and not perceived as work....... The patients' requests were not sufficiently supported in the professional organisation of work or formal planning. Patients' insertion and use of information in their trajectories challenged professional views and working processes. And the design of the formal pathway models limits the patients' active...

Polynomials formalism of quantum numbers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazakov, K.V.

2005-01-01

Theoretical aspects of the recently suggested perturbation formalism based on the method of quantum number polynomials are considered in the context of the general anharmonicity problem. Using a biatomic molecule by way of example, it is demonstrated how the theory can be extrapolated to the case of vibrational-rotational interactions. As a result, an exact expression for the first coefficient of the Herman-Wallis factor is derived. In addition, the basic notions of the formalism are phenomenologically generalized and expanded to the problem of spin interaction. The concept of magneto-optical anharmonicity is introduced. As a consequence, an exact analogy is drawn with the well-known electro-optical theory of molecules, and a nonlinear dependence of the magnetic dipole moment of the system on the spin and wave variables is established [ru

Is adolescence a critical period for learning formal thinking skills? A case study investigating the development of formal thinking skills in a short-term inquiry-based intervention program

Science.gov (United States)

Towne, Forrest S.

Current domestic and international comparative studies of student achievement in science are demonstrating that the U.S. needs to improve science education if it wants to remain competitive in the global economy. One of the causes of the poor performance of U.S. science education is the lack of students who have developed the formal thinking skills that are necessary to obtain scientific literacy. Previous studies have demonstrated that formal thinking skills can be taught to adolescents, however only 25% of incoming college freshman have these necessary skills. There is some evidence that adolescence (girls aged 11-13, boys aged 12-14) is a critical period where students must learn formal thinking skills, similar to the critical period that exists for young children learning languages. It is not known whether it is more difficult for students to learn formal thinking skills either prior to or following adolescence. The purpose of this quantitative case study is to determine whether adolescence is a critical period for students to learn formal thinking skills. The study also investigates whether a formal thinking skills focused program can improve students' intelligence. In this study 32 students who had not developed any formal thinking skills, ranging in age from 10-16, underwent an intensive four-week, inquiry-based, formal thinking skill intervention program that focused on two formal thinking skills: (1) the ability to control and exclude variables; and (2) the ability to manipulate ratios and proportionalities. The students undergoing the training were matched with control students by age, gender, formal thinking skill ability, and intelligence. The control group attended their traditional science course during the intervention periods. The results of the study showed that the intervention program was successful in developing students' formal thinking skills. The pre-adolescents (males, age 10-11, females, age 10) were unable to learn formal thinking skills

Conceptual graph grammar--a simple formalism for sublanguage.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, S B

1998-11-01

There are a wide variety of computer applications that deal with various aspects of medical language: concept representation, controlled vocabulary, natural language processing, and information retrieval. While technical and theoretical methods appear to differ, all approaches investigate different aspects of the same phenomenon: medical sublanguage. This paper surveys the properties of medical sublanguage from a formal perspective, based on detailed analyses cited in the literature. A review of several computer systems based on sublanguage approaches shows some of the difficulties in addressing the interaction between the syntactic and semantic aspects of sublanguage. A formalism called Conceptual Graph Grammar is presented that attempts to combine both syntax and semantics into a single notation by extending standard Conceptual Graph notation. Examples from the domain of pathology diagnoses are provided to illustrate the use of this formalism in medical language analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of the approach are then considered. Conceptual Graph Grammar is an attempt to synthesize the common properties of different approaches to sublanguage into a single formalism, and to begin to define a common foundation for language-related research in medical informatics.

Formal solutions of inverse scattering problems. III

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prosser, R.T.

1980-01-01

The formal solutions of certain three-dimensional inverse scattering problems presented in papers I and II of this series [J. Math. Phys. 10, 1819 (1969); 17 1175 (1976)] are obtained here as fixed points of a certain nonlinear mapping acting on a suitable Banach space of integral kernels. When the scattering data are sufficiently restricted, this mapping is shown to be a contraction, thereby establishing the existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on the data of these formal solutions

Improved formalism for precision Higgs coupling fits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barklow, Tim; Peskin, Michael E. [Stanford Univ., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; Fujii, Keisuke; Ogawa, Tomohisa [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Jung, Sunghoon [Stanford Univ., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Karl, Robert; List, Jenny [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Tian, Junping [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP)

2017-08-15

Future e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders give the promise of model-independent determinations of the couplings of the Higgs boson. In this paper, we present an improved formalism for extracting Higgs boson couplings from e{sup +}e{sup -} data, based on the Effective Field Theory description of corrections to the Standard Model. We apply this formalism to give projections of Higgs coupling accuracies for stages of the International Linear Collider and for other proposed e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders.

Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Kim Guldstrand; Niebert, Peter

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2003, held in Marseille, France in September 2003. The 19 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper and the abstracts of ...... systems, discrete time systems, timed languages, and real-time operating systems....... of two invited talks were carefully selected from 36 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. All current aspects of formal method for modeling and analyzing timed systems are addressed; among the timed systems dealt with are timed automata, timed Petri nets, max-plus algebras, real-time......This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2003, held in Marseille, France in September 2003. The 19 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper and the abstracts...

Automated Formal Verification for PLC Control Systems

CERN Multimedia

Fernández Adiego, Borja

2014-01-01

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used devices used in industrial control systems. Ensuring that the PLC software is compliant with its specification is a challenging task. Formal verification has become a recommended practice to ensure the correctness of the safety-critical software. However, these techniques are still not widely applied in industry due to the complexity of building formal models, which represent the system and the formalization of requirement specifications. We propose a general methodology to perform automated model checking of complex properties expressed in temporal logics (e.g. CTL, LTL) on PLC programs. This methodology is based on an Intermediate Model (IM), meant to transform PLC programs written in any of the languages described in the IEC 61131-3 standard (ST, IL, etc.) to different modeling languages of verification tools. This approach has been applied to CERN PLC programs validating the methodology.

Financing Adult and Non-Formal Education in Nigeria

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan, Moshood Ayinde

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine how adult and non formal education is financed in Nigeria; and to examine areas or forms of and the problems of financing adult and non-formal education in Nigeria. Survey research was used in order to carry out the study. Three hundred and twenty five (325) respondents from government agencies,…

Formal equivalence of Poisson structures around Poisson submanifolds

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marcut, I.T.

2012-01-01

Let (M,π) be a Poisson manifold. A Poisson submanifold P ⊂ M gives rise to a Lie algebroid AP → P. Formal deformations of π around P are controlled by certain cohomology groups associated to AP. Assuming that these groups vanish, we prove that π is formally rigid around P; that is, any other Poisson

Formalized Verification of Snapshotable Trees: Separation and Sharing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mehnert, Hannes; Sieczkowski, Filip; Birkedal, Lars

2012-01-01

We use separation logic to specify and verify a Java program that implements snapshotable search trees, fully formalizing the speci- cation and verication in the Coq proof assistant. We achieve local and modular reasoning about a tree and its snapshots and their iterators, al- though...... for full functional specication and verication, whether by separation logic or by other formalisms....

Transforming PLC Programs into Formal Models for Verification Purposes

CERN Document Server

Darvas, D; Blanco, E

2013-01-01

Most of CERN’s industrial installations rely on PLC-based (Programmable Logic Controller) control systems developed using the UNICOS framework. This framework contains common, reusable program modules and their correctness is a high priority. Testing is already applied to find errors, but this method has limitations. In this work an approach is proposed to transform automatically PLC programs into formal models, with the goal of applying formal verification to ensure their correctness. We target model checking which is a precise, mathematical-based method to check formalized requirements automatically against the system.

IDEF3 Formalization Report

Science.gov (United States)

1991-10-01

SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES engineering management information systems method formalization 60 information engineering process modeling 16 PRICE...CODE information systems requirements definition methods knowlede acquisition methods systems engineering 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ji. SECURITY... Management , Inc., Santa Monica, California. CORYNEN, G. C., 1975, A Mathematical Theory of Modeling and Simula- tion. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department

Educational Achievements as a Determinant of an Individual’s Formal Power

OpenAIRE

Miha Marič; Mitja Jeraj

2014-01-01

The scope of this study is to define how educational achievements of individuals in Slovenia define their “formal power” in the organizations where they work. The study is based on theoretical definitions of the concepts of formal power and education. A total of 509 people from Slovenia over 30 years of age participated in the study. We recognized a certain influence of educational achievement on the formal position in the organizational hierarchy. The main predictor of an individual’s formal...

Skinner-Rusk unified formalism for higher-order systems

Science.gov (United States)

Prieto-Martínez, Pedro Daniel; Román-Roy, Narciso

2012-07-01

The Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism of R. Skinner and R. Rusk was originally stated for autonomous dynamical systems in classical mechanics. It has been generalized for non-autonomous first-order mechanical systems, first-order and higher-order field theories, and higher-order autonomous systems. In this work we present a generalization of this formalism for higher-order non-autonomous mechanical systems.

Thermodynamic and multifractal formalism and the Bowen-series map

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rudolph, O.

1994-07-01

In the theory of quantum chaos one studies the semiclassical behaviour of quantum mechanical systems whose corresponding classical counterparts exhibit chaos. These systems are sometimes considered as model systems in the theory of quantum chaos since they are well understood from a mathematical point of view. In this work we study the multifractal formalism for the geodesic flow on surfaces with constant negative curvature. The multifractal analysis of measures has been developed in order to characterize the scaling behaviour of measures on attractors of classical chaotic dynamical systems globally. In order to relate the multifractal formalism with quantities usually considered in the study of the geodesic flow on Riemann surfaces with constant negative curvature, it is necessary to establish the assertions of the multifractal formalism in a mathematically rigorous way. This is achieved with the help of the thermodynamic formalism for hyperbolic dynamical systems developed by Ruelle, Bowen and others. (orig.)

Developing Non-Formal Education Competences as a Complement of Formal Education for STEM Lecturers

Science.gov (United States)

Terrazas-Marín, Roy Alonso

2018-01-01

This paper focuses on a current practice piece on professional development for university lecturers, transformative learning, dialogism and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education. Its main goals are to identify the key characteristics that allow STEM educators to experiment with the usage of non-formal education…

Bio-Inspired Genetic Algorithms with Formalized Crossover Operators for Robotic Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jie; Kang, Man; Li, Xiaojuan; Liu, Geng-Yang

2017-01-01

Genetic algorithms are widely adopted to solve optimization problems in robotic applications. In such safety-critical systems, it is vitally important to formally prove the correctness when genetic algorithms are applied. This paper focuses on formal modeling of crossover operations that are one of most important operations in genetic algorithms. Specially, we for the first time formalize crossover operations with higher-order logic based on HOL4 that is easy to be deployed with its user-friendly programing environment. With correctness-guaranteed formalized crossover operations, we can safely apply them in robotic applications. We implement our technique to solve a path planning problem using a genetic algorithm with our formalized crossover operations, and the results show the effectiveness of our technique.

Formalizing Implementation Strategies for First-Class Continuations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danvy, Olivier

1999-01-01

. These abstract machines are proven equivalent to a standard, substitution-based abstract machine. The proof techniques work uniformly for various representations of continuations. As a byproduct, we also present a formal proof of the two folklore theorems that one continuation identifier is enough for second......-class continuations and that second-class continuations are stackable. A large body of work exists on implementing continuations, but it is predominantly empirical and implementation-oriented. In contrast, our formalization abstracts the essence of first-class continuations and provides a uniform setting...

Infinitesimal deformations of a formal symplectic groupoid

OpenAIRE

Karabegov, Alexander

2010-01-01

Given a formal symplectic groupoid $G$ over a Poisson manifold $(M, \\pi_0)$, we define a new object, an infinitesimal deformation of $G$, which can be thought of as a formal symplectic groupoid over the manifold $M$ equipped with an infinitesimal deformation $\\pi_0 + \\epsilon \\pi_1$ of the Poisson bivector field $\\pi_0$. The source and target mappings of a deformation of $G$ are deformations of the source and target mappings of $G$. To any pair of natural star products $(\\ast, \\tilde\\ast)$ ha...

Essential competencies analysis of a training model development for non-formal vocational teachers under the office of the non-formal and informal education in Thailand

OpenAIRE

Chayanopparat Piyanan; Charungkaittikul Suwithida; Ratana-Ubol Archanya

2016-01-01

Non-formal vocational education provides practical experiences in a particular occupational field to non-formal semi-skilled learners. Non-formal vocational teachers are the key persons to deliver particular occupational knowledge. The essential competencies enhancement for non-sformal vocational teachers will improve teaching performance. The question of the research is what the essential competencies for the nonformal vocational teachers are. The research method was 1) to review related lit...

Formalities in the digital era: an obstacle or opportunity?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Gompel, S.; Bently, L.; Suthersanen, U.; Torremans, P.

2010-01-01

This paper, which was presented at the 2009 ALAI conference in London, examines the possible reintroduction of copyright formalities against the background of the challenges that copyright law faces in the digital era. It does so by contrasting the current calls for reintroducing formalities with

Machine Learning-based Intelligent Formal Reasoning and Proving System

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shengqing; Huang, Xiaojian; Fang, Jiaze; Liang, Jia

2018-03-01

The reasoning system can be used in many fields. How to improve reasoning efficiency is the core of the design of system. Through the formal description of formal proof and the regular matching algorithm, after introducing the machine learning algorithm, the system of intelligent formal reasoning and verification has high efficiency. The experimental results show that the system can verify the correctness of propositional logic reasoning and reuse the propositional logical reasoning results, so as to obtain the implicit knowledge in the knowledge base and provide the basic reasoning model for the construction of intelligent system.

Formal Series of Generalised Functions and Their Application to Deformation Quantisation

OpenAIRE

Tosiek, Jaromir

2016-01-01

Foundations of the formal series $*$ -- calculus in deformation quantisation are discussed. Several classes of continuous linear functionals over algebras applied in classical and quantum physics are introduced. The notion of positivity in formal series calculus is proposed. Problems with defining quantum states over the set of formal series are analysed.

Rehabilitating Ex-Offenders Through Non-Formal Education in Lesotho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nomazulu Ngozwana

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This paper reports on the rehabilitation of ex-offenders through non-formal education. It examines how non-formal education has addressed the ex-offenders’ adaptive and transformative needs. Using an interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach, individual interviews were conducted with five ex-offenders who were chosen through purposive and snowball sampling. Qualitative data analysis was used to generate the themes from the data. The findings revealed that ex-offenders were taught basic literacy and life skills through non-formal education. Moreover, non-formal education facilitated the ex-offenders’ transformed attitudes, including recognizing their identity as a result of transformative non-formal education. Some ex-offenders in Lesotho demonstrated how by tailoring programs and utilizing their own personal knowledge, they were able to share skills in spite of the prison bureaucracy and have consequently established an organization that serves as a link between prison and society. However, there should be a holistic approach to learning, which can target the immediate application of skills once offenders are released from prison. Similarly, offenders need access to educational resources once they leave prison that can build on what they already know/have learned so that they can turn their lives around.

Fedosov’s formal symplectic groupoids and contravariant connections

Science.gov (United States)

Karabegov, Alexander V.

2006-10-01

Using Fedosov's approach we give a geometric construction of a formal symplectic groupoid over any Poisson manifold endowed with a torsion-free Poisson contravariant connection. In the case of Kähler-Poisson manifolds this construction provides, in particular, the formal symplectic groupoids with separation of variables. We show that the dual of a semisimple Lie algebra does not admit torsion-free Poisson contravariant connections.

A formalization of the flutter shutter

Science.gov (United States)

Tendero, Yohann; Rougé, Bernard; Morel, Jean-Michel

2012-09-01

Acquiring good quality images of moving objects by a digital camera remains a valid question. If the velocity of the photographed object is not known, it is virtually impossible to tune an optimal exposure time. For this reason the recent Agrawal et al. flutter shutter apparatus has generated much interest. In this communication, we propose a mathematical formalization of a general flutter shutter method, also permitting non-binary shutter sequences. Thanks to this formalization, the question of the optimal flutter shutter code can be defined and solved. The method gives analytic formulas for the best attainable SNR for the restored image. It also gives a way to compute optimal flutter shutter codes.

The nature of Formal Reasoning among Ghanaian Basic School ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Many Psychologists have considered early formal thinking among adolescents as signs of normal development. As it is not known for certain at what age Ghanaian Junior Secondary School (JSS) pupils achieve formal operational capabilities, the study seeks to find out the relationship between Piagetian theory of ...

Blending Formal and Informal Learning Networks for Online Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Czerkawski, Betül C.

2016-01-01

With the emergence of social software and the advance of web-based technologies, online learning networks provide invaluable opportunities for learning, whether formal or informal. Unlike top-down, instructor-centered, and carefully planned formal learning settings, informal learning networks offer more bottom-up, student-centered participatory…

Dominant partition method. [based on a wave function formalism

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, R. M.; Redish, E. F.

1979-01-01

By use of the L'Huillier, Redish, and Tandy (LRT) wave function formalism, a partially connected method, the dominant partition method (DPM) is developed for obtaining few body reductions of the many body problem in the LRT and Bencze, Redish, and Sloan (BRS) formalisms. The DPM maps the many body problem to a fewer body one by using the criterion that the truncated formalism must be such that consistency with the full Schroedinger equation is preserved. The DPM is based on a class of new forms for the irreducible cluster potential, which is introduced in the LRT formalism. Connectivity is maintained with respect to all partitions containing a given partition, which is referred to as the dominant partition. Degrees of freedom corresponding to the breakup of one or more of the clusters of the dominant partition are treated in a disconnected manner. This approach for simplifying the complicated BRS equations is appropriate for physical problems where a few body reaction mechanism prevails.

Contextual approach to quantum formalism

CERN Document Server

Khrennikov, Andrei

2009-01-01

The aim of this book is to show that the probabilistic formalisms of classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics can be unified on the basis of a general contextual probabilistic model. By taking into account the dependence of (classical) probabilities on contexts (i.e. complexes of physical conditions), one can reproduce all distinct features of quantum probabilities such as the interference of probabilities and the violation of Bell’s inequality. Moreover, by starting with a formula for the interference of probabilities (which generalizes the well known classical formula of total probability), one can construct the representation of contextual probabilities by complex probability amplitudes or, in the abstract formalism, by normalized vectors of the complex Hilbert space or its hyperbolic generalization. Thus the Hilbert space representation of probabilities can be naturally derived from classical probabilistic assumptions. An important chapter of the book critically reviews known no-go theorems...

Weak Quantum Theory: Formal Framework and Selected Applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atmanspacher, Harald; Filk, Thomas; Roemer, Hartmann

2006-01-01

Two key concepts of quantum theory, complementarity and entanglement, are considered with respect to their significance in and beyond physics. An axiomatically formalized, weak version of quantum theory, more general than the ordinary quantum theory of physical systems, is described. Its mathematical structure generalizes the algebraic approach to ordinary quantum theory. The crucial formal feature leading to complementarity and entanglement is the non-commutativity of observables.The ordinary Hilbert space quantum mechanics can be recovered by stepwise adding the necessary features. This provides a hierarchy of formal frameworks of decreasing generality and increasing specificity. Two concrete applications, more specific than weak quantum theory and more general than ordinary quantum theory, are discussed: (i) complementarity and entanglement in classical dynamical systems, and (ii) complementarity and entanglement in the bistable perception of ambiguous stimuli

Formal modelling and analysis of socio-technical systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Probst, Christian W.; Kammüller, Florian; Hansen, Rene Rydhof

2016-01-01

systems are still mostly identified through brainstorming of experts. In this work we discuss several approaches to formalising socio-technical systems and their analysis. Starting from a flow logic-based analysis of the insider threat, we discuss how to include the socio aspects explicitly, and show......Attacks on systems and organisations increasingly exploit human actors, for example through social engineering. This non-technical aspect of attacks complicates their formal treatment and automatic identification. Formalisation of human behaviour is difficult at best, and attacks on socio-technical...... a formalisation that proves properties of this formalisation. On the formal side, our work closes the gap between formal and informal approaches to socio-technical systems. On the informal side, we show how to steal a birthday cake from a bakery by social engineering....

Formal refinement of extended state machines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Fayolle

2016-06-01

Full Text Available In a traditional formal development process, e.g. using the B method, the informal user requirements are (manually translated into a global abstract formal specification. This translation is especially difficult to achieve. The Event-B method was developed to incrementally and formally construct such a specification using stepwise refinement. Each increment takes into account new properties and system aspects. In this paper, we propose to couple a graphical notation called Algebraic State-Transition Diagrams (ASTD with an Event-B specification in order to provide a better understanding of the software behaviour. The dynamic behaviour is captured by the ASTD, which is based on automata and process algebra operators, while the data model is described by means of an Event-B specification. We propose a methodology to incrementally refine such specification couplings, taking into account new refinement relations and consistency conditions between the control specification and the data specification. We compare the specifications obtained using each approach for readability and proof complexity. The advantages and drawbacks of the traditional approach and of our methodology are discussed. The whole process is illustrated by a railway CBTC-like case study. Our approach is supported by tools for translating ASTD's into B and Event-B into B.

Qualitative simulation in formal process modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sivertsen, Elin R.

1999-01-01

In relation to several different research activities at the OECD Halden Reactor Project, the usefulness of formal process models has been identified. Being represented in some appropriate representation language, the purpose of these models is to model process plants and plant automatics in a unified way to allow verification and computer aided design of control strategies. The present report discusses qualitative simulation and the tool QSIM as one approach to formal process models. In particular, the report aims at investigating how recent improvements of the tool facilitate the use of the approach in areas like process system analysis, procedure verification, and control software safety analysis. An important long term goal is to provide a basis for using qualitative reasoning in combination with other techniques to facilitate the treatment of embedded programmable systems in Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA). This is motivated from the potential of such a combination in safety analysis based on models comprising both software, hardware, and operator. It is anticipated that the research results from this activity will benefit V and V in a wide variety of applications where formal process models can be utilized. Examples are operator procedures, intelligent decision support systems, and common model repositories (author) (ml)

Closed-time path formalism of quantum scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manoukian, E.B.

1988-01-01

The closed-time path formalism of quantum mechanics, first introduced by Schwinger, is developed starting from a second-quantized formalism by using a functional calculus. An exact functional expression for the closed-time amplitude for a particle state (not just of the vacuum state)is derived from which time-dependent expectation value of observables may be written in closed functional form. In particular, this leads directly to the expression for transition probabilities for scattering theory without computing first the corresponding amplitudes. Finally it is made a comparison with the standard approach

A Mathematical Account of the NEGF Formalism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cornean, Decebal Horia; Moldoveanu, Valeriu; Pillet, Claude-Alain

2018-01-01

The main goal of this paper is to put on solid mathematical grounds the so-called non-equilibrium Green’s function transport formalism for open systems. In particular, we derive the Jauho–Meir–Wingreen formula for the time-dependent current through an interacting sample coupled to non-interacting......The main goal of this paper is to put on solid mathematical grounds the so-called non-equilibrium Green’s function transport formalism for open systems. In particular, we derive the Jauho–Meir–Wingreen formula for the time-dependent current through an interacting sample coupled to non...

Rehabilitating Ex-Offenders through Non-Formal Education in Lesotho

Science.gov (United States)

Ngozwana, Nomazulu

2017-01-01

This paper reports on the rehabilitation of ex-offenders through non-formal education. It examines how non-formal education has addressed the ex-offenders' adaptive and transformative needs. Using an interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach, individual interviews were conducted with five ex-offenders who were chosen through purposive and…

Recognising Non-Formal and Informal Learning: An Open Challenge

Science.gov (United States)

Perulli, Elisabetta

2009-01-01

The social-institutional endorsement towards the perspective of recognising and enhancing learning acquired outside the formal education and training contexts (non-formal and informal learning), has been gaining strength and has entered policy agendas throughout Europe, but also in other major non-European countries. Nevertheless there are still…

Dynamics of trade between the formal sector and informal traders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cyril Nhlanhla Ngiba

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The informal sector in South Africa is a significant, but not well understood phenomenon. One important question relates to the nature of the relationship between the formal and informal sector. This article uses Porter’s five forces model to interrogate the linkages between informal fruit and vegetable traders in the Natalspruit Market (Ekurhuleni and their formal suppliers, primarily the Johannesburg Fresh Produce Market. While the threat of new products is low, the street traders’ position is weakened by the threat of new entrants, consumer bargaining power and lack of cooperation among street traders. In relation to supplier power, we conclude that while this varies according to a number of factors, the formal sector is dominant over informal fruit and vegetable sellers in this market. This finding rests primarily on the observation that, because of their fragmentation, the informal traders’ collective buying power is not being used in the same way as large formal retailers of fruit and vegetables to obtain better terms of trade with the formal economy supplier.

Interacting hadron resonance gas model in the K -matrix formalism

Science.gov (United States)

Dash, Ashutosh; Samanta, Subhasis; Mohanty, Bedangadas

2018-05-01

An extension of hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is constructed to include interactions using relativistic virial expansion of partition function. The noninteracting part of the expansion contains all the stable baryons and mesons and the interacting part contains all the higher mass resonances which decay into two stable hadrons. The virial coefficients are related to the phase shifts which are calculated using K -matrix formalism in the present work. We have calculated various thermodynamics quantities like pressure, energy density, and entropy density of the system. A comparison of thermodynamic quantities with noninteracting HRG model, calculated using the same number of hadrons, shows that the results of the above formalism are larger. A good agreement between equation of state calculated in K -matrix formalism and lattice QCD simulations is observed. Specifically, the lattice QCD calculated interaction measure is well described in our formalism. We have also calculated second-order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in K -matrix formalism. We observe a good agreement of second-order fluctuations and baryon-strangeness correlation with lattice data below the crossover temperature.

String operator formalism and functional intergal in the holomorphic representation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Losev, A.S.; Morozov, A.Yu.; Rislyj, A.A.; Shatashvili, S.L.

1989-01-01

Connection between the continual integral over open Riemann surfaces and the operator formalism on closed Riemann surfaces is discussed. States of the operator formalism are the holomorphic representation of the continual integral

Rotor and wind turbine formalism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Branlard, Emmanuel Simon Pierre

2017-01-01

The main conventions used in this book for the study of rotors are introduced in this chapter. The main assumptions and notations are provided. The formalism specific to wind turbines is presented. The forces, moments, velocities and dimensionless coefficients used in the study of rotors...

Formal systems for persuasion dialogue

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Prakken, Henry

This article reviews formal systems that regulate persuasion dialogues. In such dialogues two or more participants aim to resolve a difference of opinion, each trying to persuade the other participants to adopt their point of view. Systems for persuasion dialogue have found application in various

FORMED: Bringing Formal Methods to the Engineering Desktop

Science.gov (United States)

2016-02-01

FORMED: BRINGING FORMAL METHODS TO THE ENGINEERING DESKTOP BAE SYSTEMS FEBRUARY 2016 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE...This report is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange, and its publication does not constitute the Government’s...BRINGING FORMAL METHODS TO THE ENGINEERING DESKTOP 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8750-14-C-0024 5b. GRANT NUMBER N/A 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 63781D

Non-Formal Education--A Worthwhile Alternative to the Formal Education in India? Case Studies from Ganjam, Orissa. Reprints and Miniprints, No. 757.

Science.gov (United States)

Svensson, Anna

This report discusses the advantages and disadvantages of non-formal education (NFE) compared to the formal school system in Ganjam, a rural district on the east coast of Orissa, India. The aim of the research was to investigate whether or not NFE, would be a worthy target of aid from the Swedish aid organization SIDA (Swedish International…

Pure spinor formalism as an N = 2 topological string

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berkovits, Nathan

2005-01-01

Following suggestions of Nekrasov and Siegel, a non-minimal set of fields are added to the pure spinor formalism for the superstring. Twisted c-circumflex = 3 N = 2 generators are then constructed where the pure spinor BRST operator is the fermionic spin-one generator, and the formalism is interpreted as a critical topological string. Three applications of this topological string theory include the super-Poincare covariant computation of multiloop superstring amplitudes without picture-changing operators, the construction of a cubic open superstring field theory without contact-term problems, and a new four-dimensional version of the pure spinor formalism which computes F-terms in the spacetime action

A Synthesized Framework for Formal Verification of Computing Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikola Bogunovic

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Design process of computing systems gradually evolved to a level that encompasses formal verification techniques. However, the integration of formal verification techniques into a methodical design procedure has many inherent miscomprehensions and problems. The paper explicates the discrepancy between the real system implementation and the abstracted model that is actually used in the formal verification procedure. Particular attention is paid to the seamless integration of all phases of the verification procedure that encompasses definition of the specification language and denotation and execution of conformance relation between the abstracted model and its intended behavior. The concealed obstacles are exposed, computationally expensive steps identified and possible improvements proposed.

Concept similarity and related categories in information retrieval using formal concept analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Eklund, P.; Ducrou, J.; Dau, F.

2012-11-01

The application of formal concept analysis to the problem of information retrieval has been shown useful but has lacked any real analysis of the idea of relevance ranking of search results. SearchSleuth is a program developed to experiment with the automated local analysis of Web search using formal concept analysis. SearchSleuth extends a standard search interface to include a conceptual neighbourhood centred on a formal concept derived from the initial query. This neighbourhood of the concept derived from the search terms is decorated with its upper and lower neighbours representing more general and special concepts, respectively. SearchSleuth is in many ways an archetype of search engines based on formal concept analysis with some novel features. In SearchSleuth, the notion of related categories - which are themselves formal concepts - is also introduced. This allows the retrieval focus to shift to a new formal concept called a sibling. This movement across the concept lattice needs to relate one formal concept to another in a principled way. This paper presents the issues concerning exploring, searching, and ordering the space of related categories. The focus is on understanding the use and meaning of proximity and semantic distance in the context of information retrieval using formal concept analysis.

Exploring the Intersection of Beliefs toward Outdoor Play and Cold Weather among Northeast Minnesota's Formal Education and Non-Formal EE Communities

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, Amy Christine; Zak, Kevin; Ernst, Julie; Meyer, Rebecca

2017-01-01

In a notoriously cold-seasoned region, this paper explored how our formal education and non-formal environmental education (EE) gatekeepers of Northeastern Minnesota regard the importance of outdoor play and cold weather for young students. This research study explored the relationship between participant gatekeepers' beliefs of the benefits…

Photon scattering from a system of multilevel quantum emitters. I. Formalism

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Sumanta; Elfving, Vincent E.; Reiter, Florentin; Sørensen, Anders S.

2018-04-01

We introduce a formalism to solve the problem of photon scattering from a system of multilevel quantum emitters. Our approach provides a direct solution of the scattering dynamics. As such the formalism gives the scattered fields' amplitudes in the limit of a weak incident intensity. Our formalism is equipped to treat both multiemitter and multilevel emitter systems, and is applicable to a plethora of photon-scattering problems, including conditional state preparation by photodetection. In this paper, we develop the general formalism for an arbitrary geometry. In the following paper (part II) S. Das et al. [Phys. Rev. A 97, 043838 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevA.97.043838], we reduce the general photon-scattering formalism to a form that is applicable to one-dimensional waveguides and show its applicability by considering explicit examples with various emitter configurations.

What determines firms' decisions to formalize? Evidence from rural Indonesia

OpenAIRE

McCulloch, Neil; Schulze, Günther G.; Voss, Janina

2010-01-01

In this paper we analyze the decision of small and micro firms to formalize, i.e. to obtain business and other licenses in rural Indonesia. We use the rural investment climate survey (RICS) that consists of non-farm rural enterprises, most of them microenterprises, and analyze the effect of formalization on tax payments, corruption, access to credit and revenue, taking into account the endogeneity of the formalization decision to such benefits and costs. We show, contrary to most of the liter...

[How to write an article: formal aspects].

Science.gov (United States)

Corral de la Calle, M A; Encinas de la Iglesia, J

2013-06-01

Scientific research and the publication of the results of the studies go hand in hand. Exquisite research methods can only be adequately reflected in formal publication with the optimum structure. To ensure the success of this process, it is necessary to follow orderly steps, including selecting the journal in which to publish and following the instructions to authors strictly as well as the guidelines elaborated by diverse societies of editors and other institutions. It is also necessary to structure the contents of the article in a logical and attractive way and to use an accurate, clear, and concise style of language. Although not all the authors are directly involved in the actual writing, elaborating a scientific article is a collective undertaking that does not finish until the article is published. This article provides practical advice about formal and not-so-formal details to take into account when writing a scientific article as well as references that will help readers find more information in greater detail. Copyright © 2012 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Fixed mass and scaling sum rules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ward, B.F.L.

1975-01-01

Using the correspondence principle (continuity in dynamics), the approach of Keppell-Jones-Ward-Taha to fixed mass and scaling current algebraic sum rules is extended so as to consider explicitly the contributions of all classes of intermediate states. A natural, generalized formulation of the truncation ideas of Cornwall, Corrigan, and Norton is introduced as a by-product of this extension. The formalism is illustrated in the familiar case of the spin independent Schwinger term sum rule. New sum rules are derived which relate the Regge residue functions of the respective structure functions to their fixed hadronic mass limits for q 2 → infinity. (Auth.)

Photoproduction of scalar mesons at medium energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Da Silva, M. L. [Instituto de Fisica e Matematica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-090, Pelotas, RS (Brazil); Machado, M. V. [High Energy Physics Phenomenology Group, GFPAE IF-UFRGS, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

2013-03-25

In this work we will focus on photoproduction of mesons states a{sub 0}(980), f{sub 0}(1500) and f{sub 0}(1710). The f{sub 0}(1500) and f{sub 0}(1710) mesons will be considered in distinct mixing possibilities and assuming that a{sub 0}(980) is member of the ground-state nonet. The theoretical formalism is the Regge approach with reggeized {rho} and {omega} exchange. The differential and integrated total cross section are computed for the cases of the mesons a{sub 0}(980), f{sub 0}(1500) and f{sub 0}(1710) focusing the GlueX energy regime with photon energy E = 9 GeV.

A study of inclusive Xi /sup -/ production from K/sup -/p interactions at 42 GeV/c

CERN Document Server

Ganguli, S N; Blokzijl, R; Gavillet, P; Grossmann, P; Hemingway, R J; Kittel, E W; Kluyver, J C; Lamb, P R; Muirhead, William Hugh; Shephard, W D; Van de Walle, R T; Wells, J; Wolters, G F

1977-01-01

A study of inclusive Xi /sup -/ production from a high statistics K /sup -/p experiment at 4.2 GeV/c has been made. The total Xi /sup -/ production cross section is 157+or-8 mu b. Approximately 15% of the Xi /sup -/ arise from decay of the Xi */sup Q/(1530) resonance. The polarization of Xi /sup -/ is found to be negative and is nearly equal in value to that of the Lambda /sup 0/ from the inclusive reaction K /sup -/+p to Lambda /sup 0/+anything. An analysis of the inclusive production of Xi /sup -/ has been made in the framework of the triple- Regge formalism. (15 refs).

Noncommutativity and Duality through the Symplectic Embedding Formalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Everton M.C. Abreu

2010-07-01

Full Text Available This work is devoted to review the gauge embedding of either commutative and noncommutative (NC theories using the symplectic formalism framework. To sum up the main features of the method, during the process of embedding, the infinitesimal gauge generators of the gauge embedded theory are easily and directly chosen. Among other advantages, this enables a greater control over the final Lagrangian and brings some light on the so-called ''arbitrariness problem''. This alternative embedding formalism also presents a way to obtain a set of dynamically dual equivalent embedded Lagrangian densities which is obtained after a finite number of steps in the iterative symplectic process, oppositely to the result proposed using the BFFT formalism. On the other hand, we will see precisely that the symplectic embedding formalism can be seen as an alternative and an efficient procedure to the standard introduction of the Moyal product in order to produce in a natural way a NC theory. In order to construct a pedagogical explanation of the method to the nonspecialist we exemplify the formalism showing that the massive NC U(1 theory is embedded in a gauge theory using this alternative systematic path based on the symplectic framework. Further, as other applications of the method, we describe exactly how to obtain a Lagrangian description for the NC version of some systems reproducing well known theories. Naming some of them, we use the procedure in the Proca model, the irrotational fluid model and the noncommutative self-dual model in order to obtain dual equivalent actions for these theories. To illustrate the process of noncommutativity introduction we use the chiral oscillator and the nondegenerate mechanics.

El Salvador - Non-Formal Skills Development

Data.gov (United States)

Millennium Challenge Corporation — The Non-Formal Skills Development Sub-Activity had a budget of $5 million (USD) to provide short-term training to vulnerable populations in El Salvador's Northern...

Formal monkey linguistics : The debate

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schlenker, Philippe; Chemla, Emmanuel; Schel, Anne M.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/413333450; Fuller, James; Gautier, Jean Pierre; Kuhn, Jeremy; Veselinović, Dunja; Arnold, Kate; Cäsar, Cristiane; Keenan, Sumir; Lemasson, Alban; Ouattara, Karim; Ryder, Robin; Zuberbühler, Klaus

2016-01-01

We explain why general techniques from formal linguistics can and should be applied to the analysis of monkey communication - in the areas of syntax and especially semantics. An informed look at our recent proposals shows that such techniques needn't rely excessively on categories of human language:

A formalization of computational trust

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Güven - Ozcelebi, C.; Holenderski, M.J.; Ozcelebi, T.; Lukkien, J.J.

2018-01-01

Computational trust aims to quantify trust and is studied by many disciplines including computer science, social sciences and business science. We propose a formal computational trust model, including its parameters and operations on these parameters, as well as a step by step guide to compute trust

Formalism and physical interpretation in Schroedinger

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paty, M.

1992-01-01

The question of the relation between a formalism and its physical interpretation arises not only when theoretical and conceptual systems are reorganized, but in the theoretical elaboration as well. The Schroedinger's work and thought are examined in this paper with this double concern. His work on the mathematical formalism is constantly sustained by a proper physical thought which takes the form of a wave intuition that guarantees him intelligibility. Concerning his interpretation of quantum mechanics, his thought remains characterized, through its evolution, by a w ave image of the world . The way he deals with space-time structure in General Relativity and favours the possibility of a direct interpretation of space-time geometrical quantities, is also studied. (author). 75 refs

A Formal Framework for Workflow Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Cravo, Glória

2010-09-01

In this paper we provide a new formal framework to model and analyse workflows. A workflow is the formal definition of a business process that consists in the execution of tasks in order to achieve a certain objective. In our work we describe a workflow as a graph whose vertices represent tasks and the arcs are associated to workflow transitions. Each task has associated an input/output logic operator. This logic operator can be the logical AND (•), the OR (⊗), or the XOR -exclusive-or—(⊕). Moreover, we introduce algebraic concepts in order to completely describe completely the structure of workflows. We also introduce the concept of logical termination. Finally, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for this property to hold.

Curiosity: A Prerequisite for the Attainment of Formal Operations?

Science.gov (United States)

Hawkins, Vincent J.

1982-01-01

Research on Piaget's four stages of cognitive development has shown that although nearly everyone passes through sensorimotor, preoperational, and concrete operational stages, most do not reach the stage of formal operations. Those people who do attain formal operations seem to have a curiosity factor not operative in those who don't. (Author/BRR)

Heuristics structure and pervade formal risk assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

MacGillivray, Brian H

2014-04-01

Lay perceptions of risk appear rooted more in heuristics than in reason. A major concern of the risk regulation literature is that such "error-strewn" perceptions may be replicated in policy, as governments respond to the (mis)fears of the citizenry. This has led many to advocate a relatively technocratic approach to regulating risk, characterized by high reliance on formal risk and cost-benefit analysis. However, through two studies of chemicals regulation, we show that the formal assessment of risk is pervaded by its own set of heuristics. These include rules to categorize potential threats, define what constitutes valid data, guide causal inference, and to select and apply formal models. Some of these heuristics lay claim to theoretical or empirical justifications, others are more back-of-the-envelope calculations, while still more purport not to reflect some truth but simply to constrain discretion or perform a desk-clearing function. These heuristics can be understood as a way of authenticating or formalizing risk assessment as a scientific practice, representing a series of rules for bounding problems, collecting data, and interpreting evidence (a methodology). Heuristics are indispensable elements of induction. And so they are not problematic per se, but they can become so when treated as laws rather than as contingent and provisional rules. Pitfalls include the potential for systematic error, masking uncertainties, strategic manipulation, and entrenchment. Our central claim is that by studying the rules of risk assessment qua rules, we develop a novel representation of the methods, conventions, and biases of the prior art. © 2013 Society for Risk Analysis.

Changes in formal sex education: 1995-2002.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindberg, Laura Duberstein; Santelli, John S; Singh, Susheela

2006-12-01

Although comprehensive sex education is broadly supported by health professionals, funding for abstinence-only education has increased. Using data from the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males, the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the 2002 NSFG, changes in male and female adolescents' reports of the sex education they have received from formal sources were examined. Life-table methods were used to measure the timing of instruction, and t tests were used for changes over time. From 1995 to 2002, reports of formal instruction about birth control methods declined among both genders (males, from 81% to 66%; females, from 87% to 70%). This, combined with increases in reports of abstinence education among males (from 74% to 83%), resulted in a lower proportion of teenagers' overall receiving formal instruction about both abstinence and birth control methods (males, 65% to 59%; females, 84% to 65%), and a higher proportion of teenagers' receiving instruction only about abstinence (males, 9% to 24%; females, 8% to 21%). Teenagers in 2002 had received abstinence education about two years earlier (median age, 11.4 for males, 11.8 for females) than they had received birth control instruction (median age, 13.5 for both males and females). Among sexually experienced adolescents, 62% of females and 54% of males had received instruction about birth control methods prior to first sex. A substantial retreat from formal instruction about birth control methods has left increasing proportions of adolescents receiving only abstinence education. Efforts are needed to expand teenagers' access to medically accurate and comprehensive reproductive health information.

Moving interprofessional learning forward through formal assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Stone, Judy

2010-04-01

There is increasing agreement that graduates who finish tertiary education with the full complement of skills and knowledge required for their designated profession are not 'work-ready' unless they also acquire interpersonal, collaborative practice and team-working capabilities. Health workers are unable to contribute to organisational culture in a positive way unless they too attain these capabilities. These capabilities have been shown to improve health care in terms of patient safety, worker satisfaction and health service efficiency. Given the importance of interprofessional learning (IPL) which seeks to address these capabilities, why is IPL not consistently embedded into the education of undergraduates, postgraduates and vocationally qualified personnel through formal assessment? This paper offers an argument for the formal assessment of IPL. It illustrates how the interests of the many stakeholders in IPL can benefit from, and contribute to, the integration of IPL into mainstream professional development and tertiary education. It offers practical examples of assessment in IPL which could drive learning and offer authentic, contextual teaching and learning experiences to undergraduates and health workers alike. Assessment drives learning and without formal assessment IPL will continue to be viewed as an optional topic of little relative importance for learners. In order to make the next step forward, IPL needs to be recognised and endorsed through formal assessment, both at the tertiary education level and within the workplace environment. This is supported by workforce initiatives and tertiary education policy which can be used to specify the capabilities or generic skills necessary for effective teamwork and collaborative practice.

PRODUCTION SYSTEM MODELING AND SIMULATION USING DEVS FORMALISM

OpenAIRE

Amaya Hurtado, Darío; Castillo Estepa, Ricardo Andrés; Avilés Montaño, Óscar Fernando; Ramos Sandoval, Olga Lucía

2014-01-01

This article presents the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism, in their atomic and coupled configurations; it is used for discrete event systems modeling and simulation. Initially this work describes the analysis of discrete event systems concepts and its applicability. Then a comprehensive description of the DEVS formalism structure is presented, in order to model and simulate an industrial process, taking into account changes in parameters such as process service time, each...

Early Number Competencies of Children at the Start of Formal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cce

occupy a central position in the Primary Mathematics Curriculum in Ghana. ... The results of the study suggest that pupils possess varied abilities .... formal classroom instruction, to the use of memorised number facts and formal addition and.

Developing corpus-based translation methods between informal and formal mathematics : project description

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kaliszyk, C.; Urban, J.; Vyskocil, J.; Geuvers, J.H.; Watt, S.M.; Davenport, J.H.; Sexton, A.P.; Sojka, P.; Urban, J.

2014-01-01

The goal of this project is to (i) accumulate annotated informal/formal mathematical corpora suitable for training semi-automated translation between informal and formal mathematics by statistical machine-translation methods, (ii) to develop such methods oriented at the formalization task, and in

A Survey of Formal Methods for Intelligent Swarms

Science.gov (United States)

Truszkowski, Walt; Rash, James; Hinchey, Mike; Rouff, Chrustopher A.

2004-01-01

cutting edge in system correctness, and requires higher levels of assurance than other (traditional) missions that use a single or small number of spacecraft that are deterministic in nature and have near continuous communication access. One of the highest possible levels of assurance comes from the application of formal methods. Formal methods are mathematics-based tools and techniques for specifying and verifying (software and hardware) systems. They are particularly useful for specifying complex parallel systems, such as exemplified by the ANTS mission, where the entire system is difficult for a single person to fully understand, a problem that is multiplied with multiple developers. Once written, a formal specification can be used to prove properties of a system (e.g., the underlying system will go from one state to another or not into a specific state) and check for particular types of errors (e.g., race or livelock conditions). A formal specification can also be used as input to a model checker for further validation. This report gives the results of a survey of formal methods techniques for verification and validation of space missions that use swarm technology. Multiple formal methods were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in modeling and assuring the behavior of swarms of spacecraft using the ANTS mission as an example system. This report is the first result of the project to determine formal approaches that are promising for formally specifying swarm-based systems. From this survey, the most promising approaches were selected and are discussed relative to their possible application to the ANTS mission. Future work will include the application of an integrated approach, based on the selected approaches identified in this report, to the formal specification of the ANTS mission.

Reg geology: An elementary introduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carreras, B.; Fernandez, E.

1973-01-01

The purpose of these notes is to given an elementary introduction to the ideas underlying the Regge-type models. In lectures 1 and 2 the connection between the exchange models and the Regge form of the amplitude is shown. In lecture 3 the analytic continuation of the amplitude from the t-channel to the s-schanel is considered, leading to the Regge-type expression, and then (lecture 4), some phenomenological applications are discussed. Lectures 5 and 6 are a generalization of 3 and 4 to the scattering of non-zero spin particles. finally (lectures 7,8 and 9) Regge cuts are introduced and new phenomenological applications are discussed. (Author)

Reg geology: An elementary introduction; Reggeologia: una introduccion elemental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carreras, B; Fernandez, E

1973-07-01

The purpose of these notes is to given an elementary introduction to the ideas underlying the Regge-type models. In lectures 1 and 2 the connection between the exchange models and the Regge form of the amplitude is shown. In lecture 3 the analytic continuation of the amplitude from the t-channel to the s-schanel is considered, leading to the Regge-type expression, and then (lecture 4), some phenomenological applications are discussed. Lectures 5 and 6 are a generalization of 3 and 4 to the scattering of non-zero spin particles. finally (lectures 7,8 and 9) Regge cuts are introduced and new phenomenological applications are discussed. (Author)

How Online Journalists Learn within a Non-Formal Context

Science.gov (United States)

Kronstad, Morten; Eide, Martin

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of workplace learning, with a focus on the non-formal learning that takes place among online journalists. The focus of this article is journalists working in an online newspaper and their experiences with workplace and non-formal learning, centering on framework conditions…

Family Literacy and the New Canadian: Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning: The Case of Literacy, Essential Skills and Language Learning in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Eaton, Sarah Elaine

2011-01-01

This paper examines literacy and language learning across the lifespan within the context of immigrants in the Canadian context. It explores the process of improving literacy skills and acquiring second or third language skills through the systems of formal, non-formal and informal learning, as defined by the OECD [Organisation for Economic…

Charging transient in polyvinyl formal

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

401–406. © Indian Academy of Sciences. 401. Charging transient in polyvinyl formal. P K KHARE*, P L JAIN† and R K PANDEY‡. Department of Postgraduate Studies & Research in Physics & Electronics, Rani Durgavati University,. Jabalpur 482 001, India. †Department of Physics, Government PG College, Damoh 470 ...

Automatic Testing with Formal Methods

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tretmans, G.J.; Belinfante, Axel

1999-01-01

The use of formal system specifications makes it possible to automate the derivation of test cases from specifications. This allows to automate the whole testing process, not only the test execution part of it. This paper presents the state of the art and future perspectives in testing based on

Thermodynamic and multifractal formalism and the Bowen-series map

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rudolph, O.

1995-01-01

In the theory of quantum chaos one studies the semiclassical behaviour of quantum mechanical systems whose corresponding classical counterparts exhibit chaos. The geodesic motion of a free classical particle on closed Riemann surfaces with constant negative curvature is strongly chaotic. Selberg's theory relates the classical and the quantum mechanical systems. These systems are sometimes considered as model systems in the theory of quantum chaos since they are well understood from a mathematical point of view. In this work we study the multifractal formalism for the geodesic flow on surfaces with constant negative curvature. The multifractal analysis of measures has been developed in order to characterize the scaling behaviour of measures on attractors of classical chaotic dynamical systems globally. In order to relate the multifractal formalism with quantities usually considered in the study of the geodesic flow on Riemann surfaces with constant negative curvature, it is necessary to establish the assertions of the multifractal formalism in a mathematically rigorous way. This is achieved with the help of the thermodynamic formalism for hyperbolic dynamical systems developed by Ruelle, Bowen and others. (orig.)

Persian Back Channel Responses in Formal versus Informal Contexts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shahla Sharifi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Utterances like /xob/ (okay, /doroste/ (right, /hmm/, /ee/, /?re/ (yeah, occur frequently in Persian conversations, but have thus far escaped from the systematic studies. Good listeners generally produce these short utterances, called "back channel responses", in appropriate times to show their participation in the conversation, but the rules governing back channeling vary from one context to another. The usage of back channel responses is different in various contexts, due to politeness or formality. This paper studies the types and functions of the back channel responses in both formal and informal settings and provides a comparison of the usage of these responses in these two kinds of contexts. The results show /bale/ (yes and /doroste/ (right are used with formal or polite verbal form, while /xob/ (okay is used with the informal style of speech and less polite verbal form. With respect to the function of back channels, signaling the understanding is the main function of back channels in informal contexts. Also, back channels signaling agreement are more frequent in formal contexts, where emotional function is less likely.

Does formal research training lead to academic success in otolaryngology?

Science.gov (United States)

Bobian, Michael R; Shah, Noor; Svider, Peter F; Hong, Robert S; Shkoukani, Mahdi A; Folbe, Adam J; Eloy, Jean Anderson

2017-01-01

To evaluate whether formalized research training is associated with higher researcher productivity, academic rank, and acquisition of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants within academic otolaryngology departments. Each of the 100 civilian otolaryngology program's departmental websites were analyzed to obtain a comprehensive list of faculty members credentials and characteristics, including academic rank, completion of a clinical fellowship, completion of a formal research fellowship, and attainment of a doctorate in philosophy (PhD) degree. We also recorded measures of scholarly impact and successful acquisition of NIH funding. A total of 1,495 academic physicians were included in our study. Of these, 14.1% had formal research training. Bivariate associations showed that formal research training was associated with a greater h-index, increased probability of acquiring NIH funding, and higher academic rank. Using a linear regression model, we found that otolaryngologists possessing a PhD had an associated h-index of 1.8 points higher, and those who completed a formal research fellowship had an h-index of 1.6 points higher. A PhD degree or completion of a research fellowship was not associated with a higher academic rank; however, a higher h-index and previous acquisition of an NIH grant were associated with a higher academic rank. The attainment of NIH funding was three times more likely for those with a formal research fellowship and 8.6 times more likely for otolaryngologists with a PhD degree. Formalized research training is associated with academic success in otolaryngology. Such dedicated research training accompanies greater scholarly impact, acquisition of NIH funding, and a higher academic rank. NA Laryngoscope, 127:E15-E21, 2017. © 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

A formal ontological perspective on the behaviors and functions of technical artifacts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Borgo, S.; Carrara, M.; Garbacz, P.; Vermaas, P.E.

2008-01-01

In this paper we present a formal characterization of the engineering concepts of behavior and function of technical artifacts. We capture the meanings that engineers attach to these concepts by formalizing, within the formal ontology DOLCE, the five meanings of artifact behavior and the two

Interrelationships among Elements of Formal Mentoring and the Dimensions of Organizational Socialization

Science.gov (United States)

Connelly, John T.

2011-01-01

Organizations created formal mentoring programs to replicate the benefits of informal mentoring. With regard to measuring mentoring functions, organizations are using informal measures to measure formal mentoring programs. As a result, empirical measurements of the effectiveness of university formal mentoring programs are limited. Researchers…

A Quantitative Approach to the Formal Verification of Real-Time Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

1996-09-01

Computer Science A Quantitative Approach to the Formal Verification of Real - Time Systems Sergio Vale Aguiar Campos September 1996 CMU-CS-96-199...ptisiic raieaiSI v Diambimos Lboiamtad _^ A Quantitative Approach to the Formal Verification of Real - Time Systems Sergio Vale Aguiar Campos...implied, of NSF, the Semiconduc- tor Research Corporation, ARPA or the U.S. government. Keywords: real - time systems , formal verification, symbolic

Leslie Martin and the formal order

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime J. Ferrer Fores

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract This paper analyzes the architecture of Sir Leslie Martin (1908-2000 and covers the intense professional career that starts with the Nursery School at Northwich, Cheshire (1937-1938 or the Alastair Morton house at Brampton (1938 which are ascribed to the orthodoxy of modern architecture, and  continues with the projects he planned as the architect responsible of the railway company for stations and railroad infrastructure rearrangements in the postwar, interventions that will prepare him for his architectural maturity stage which he crystallizes in buildings for the Royal Festival Hall in London (1948-1951, the Harvey Court, Cambridge (1958-1962, the auditoriums  for the Middleton Hall, University of Hull (1958 , the School of Music  (1974 and College (1979 at Cambridge University and his proposal for  the University of Bristol (1979 that illustrate the essential basis of his  coherent architectural career where the tradition of modern architecture, the spatial continuity and the formal order converge. This analysis of the works in the fifties, sixties and seventies illustrates the architect’s constants  through the chronological exploration of his works that reveal the  compositional mechanisms, the search for formal order and the correct spatial organization taking into account the functional requirements, the relationship with the site and the technological resources that determine his entire career which is characterized by formal consistency and architectural coherence.

Nonextensive formalism and continuous Hamiltonian systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boon, Jean Pierre; Lutsko, James F.

2011-01-01

A recurring question in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is what deviation from standard statistical mechanics gives rise to non-Boltzmann behavior and to nonlinear response, which amounts to identifying the emergence of 'statistics from dynamics' in systems out of equilibrium. Among several possible analytical developments which have been proposed, the idea of nonextensive statistics introduced by Tsallis about 20 years ago was to develop a statistical mechanical theory for systems out of equilibrium where the Boltzmann distribution no longer holds, and to generalize the Boltzmann entropy by a more general function S q while maintaining the formalism of thermodynamics. From a phenomenological viewpoint, nonextensive statistics appeared to be of interest because maximization of the generalized entropy S q yields the q-exponential distribution which has been successfully used to describe distributions observed in a large class of phenomena, in particular power law distributions for q>1. Here we re-examine the validity of the nonextensive formalism for continuous Hamiltonian systems. In particular we consider the q-ideal gas, a model system of quasi-particles where the effect of the interactions are included in the particle properties. On the basis of exact results for the q-ideal gas, we find that the theory is restricted to the range q<1, which raises the question of its formal validity range for continuous Hamiltonian systems.

The Markov process admits a consistent steady-state thermodynamic formalism

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Liangrong; Zhu, Yi; Hong, Liu

2018-01-01

The search for a unified formulation for describing various non-equilibrium processes is a central task of modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In this paper, a novel steady-state thermodynamic formalism was established for general Markov processes described by the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. Furthermore, corresponding formalisms of steady-state thermodynamics for the master equation and Fokker-Planck equation could be rigorously derived in mathematics. To be concrete, we proved that (1) in the limit of continuous time, the steady-state thermodynamic formalism for the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation fully agrees with that for the master equation; (2) a similar one-to-one correspondence could be established rigorously between the master equation and Fokker-Planck equation in the limit of large system size; (3) when a Markov process is restrained to one-step jump, the steady-state thermodynamic formalism for the Fokker-Planck equation with discrete state variables also goes to that for master equations, as the discretization step gets smaller and smaller. Our analysis indicated that general Markov processes admit a unified and self-consistent non-equilibrium steady-state thermodynamic formalism, regardless of underlying detailed models.

δ M formalism and anisotropic chaotic inflation power spectrum

Science.gov (United States)

Talebian-Ashkezari, A.; Ahmadi, N.

2018-05-01

A new analytical approach to linear perturbations in anisotropic inflation has been introduced in [A. Talebian-Ashkezari, N. Ahmadi and A.A. Abolhasani, JCAP 03 (2018) 001] under the name of δ M formalism. In this paper we apply the mentioned approach to a model of anisotropic inflation driven by a scalar field, coupled to the kinetic term of a vector field with a U(1) symmetry. The δ M formalism provides an efficient way of computing tensor-tensor, tensor-scalar as well as scalar-scalar 2-point correlations that are needed for the analysis of the observational features of an anisotropic model on the CMB. A comparison between δ M results and the tedious calculations using in-in formalism shows the aptitude of the δ M formalism in calculating accurate two point correlation functions between physical modes of the system.

How Formal Control Influences Decision‐Making Clarity and Innovation Performance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schultz, Carsten; Salomo, Søren; de Brentani, Ulrike

2013-01-01

, which is a precise formal control mechanism relevant for managing specific problems at a single project level; (2) the immediate outcome of the application of formal controls, i.e. decision‐making clarity (DMC); and (3) degree of NPD innovativeness, a key contingency hypothesized to impact the efficacy...... of formal controls. For the empirical analysis, data are collected through a survey of 162 corporate NPD programs (Austria and Denmark, manufactured goods and services) where a total of 1274 respondents provide information relevant to their position. Hierarchical regression analysis is used to test...... the relationships. Results indicate that the performance effect of NPD formal control is fully mediated by DMC. Further, of the six hypothesized outcome relationships, four are fully supported. Both SGS and PM are effective systems for managing NPD when degree of innovativeness is not taken into account. PM...

Enhancing Formal E-Learning with Edutainment on Social Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Labus, A.; Despotovic-Zrakic, M.; Radenkovic, B.; Bogdanovic, Z.; Radenkovic, M.

2015-01-01

This paper reports on the investigation of the possibilities of enhancing the formal e-learning process by harnessing the potential of informal game-based learning on social networks. The goal of the research is to improve the outcomes of the formal learning process through the design and implementation of an educational game on a social network…

Formal and Informal Rural Credit in Four Provinces of Vietnam

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barslund, Mikkel Christoffer; Tarp, Finn

This paper uses a survey of 932 rural households to uncover how the rural credit market operates in four provinces of Vietnam. Households obtain credit through formal and informal lenders. Formal loans are almost entirely for production and asset accumulation, while informal loans are used...... for consumption smoothening. Interest rates fell from 1997 to 2002, reflecting increased market integration. Moreover, the determinants of formal and informal credit demand are distinct. While credit rationing depends on education and credit history, in particular, regional differences in the demand for credit...

On Formalization of the Concept of Value Proposition

OpenAIRE

Marek Winkler; Vladimír Dosoudil

2011-01-01

This paper presents an original description and a semi-formal definition of the concept of a value proposition, which has been so far used in service science rather intuitively. Our approach is based on utility functions and conceptual modelling techniques. The proposed semi-formalization can be exploited to describe services from the point of view of their (potential) utility for their clients. This description can be used especially to organize a service portfolio in an enterprise in a bett...