Transnacional'naja territorial'naja transportnaja sistema Baltijskogo regiona [The transnational territorial transport system of the Baltic Region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gumenyuk Ivan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we focus on the structure and territorial borders of the Baltic Sea region, and examine the key structural elements of the transnational territorial transport system. In this respect, we clarify some terms used in transport geography. For the first time the transport system gets territorially localized, which allows for a broad range of new studies of transnational transportation in the Baltic Sea area. We also identify the main principles of development and operation of international territorial transport systems and present them taking the Baltic Sea region as an example. Our findings, we hope, will have a great practical application for researchers of transport geography, especially those studying international logistics.

THE DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT OF 2003 JUNE 11: A THREE-BODY PROBLEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balasubramaniam, K. S. [Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 (United States); Pevtsov, A. A. [National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, NM 88349 (United States); Cliver, E. W. [Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Sunspot, NM 88349 (United States); Martin, S. F.; Panasenco, O. [Helio Research, La Crescenta, CA 91214 (United States)

2011-12-20

The eruption of a large quiescent filament on 2003 June 11 was preceded by the birth of a nearby active region-a common scenario. In this case, however, the filament lay near a pre-existing active region and the new active region did not destabilize the filament by direct magnetic connection. Instead it appears to have done so indirectly via magnetic coupling with the established region. Restructuring between the perturbed fields of the old region and the filament then weakened the arcade overlying the midpoint of filament, where the eruption originated. The inferred rate ({approx}11 Degree-Sign day{sup -1}) at which the magnetic disturbance propagates from the mature region to destabilize the filament is larger than the mean speed ({approx}5 Masculine-Ordinal-Indicator -6 Degree-Sign day{sup -1}) but still within the scatter obtained for Bruzek's empirical relationship between the distance from a newly formed active region to a quiescent filament and the time from active region appearance to filament disappearance. The higher propagation speed in the 2003 June 11 case may be due to the 'broadside' (versus 'end-on') angle of attack of the (effective) new flux to the coronal magnetic fields overlying a central section of the axis of the filament.

CREATIVE PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lyudmila M. Andryukhina

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction: the article is concerned with the topical problem of extending intercultural communicative competence in the educational process. Materials and Methods: the authors made a theoretical and empirical analysis of domestic and foreign research and analytical reports prepared in the framework of international projects, the activity of non-governmental organisations, in particular the activities of Sverdlovsk regiona l public organisation “Friends of France”. Results: it is proven that intercultural competence cannot be fully developed by traditional forms of education, and even the existing current innovative experience in this area is insufficient. The integration of education becomes a crucial factor. The article describes the creative educational practices of such integration as the conditions for broadening intercultural communicative competence. The basic characteristics of creative practices are described. Сreative practices being integrated fo rm a creative platform. Discussion and Conclusions: the system of conditions and means for broadening intercultural communicative competence is in constant development. The authors propose to consider the communicative competence as a system of creative practices transformed in the course of elaboration into creative platforms, expanding in the process of intercultural dialogue. This is a promising way to achieve the comprehensive result – completeness of integrated multi-component structure of the intercultural co mmunicative competence.

Vision for 2030; Visie 2030

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-02-15

This is the long term vision of the Dutch Transmission System Operator TenneT with respect to the 380kV and 220 kV parts of the national electricity distribution grid. In this vision 4 trend scenarios have been developed. The scenarios 'Green Revolution' and 'Sustainable transition' are based on a sustainable society whereas 'Money rules' and 'New strongholds' depict a society that mainly depends on fossil fuels. For 'Green revolution' and 'Money rules' a free global market is assumed and for 'Sustainable transition' and 'New strongholds' a regionally oriented market with protectionism is assumed. [mk]. [Dutch] Een langetermijnvisie van de Nederlandse Transmission System Operator TenneT op het 380 kV en 220kV deel van het landelijke elektriciteitstransportnet. Daarvoor zijn vier trendscenario's ontwikkeld. De scenario's Groene Revolutie en Duurzame Transitie gaan uit van een duurzame samenleving terwijl Geld Regeert en Nieuwe Burchten een samenleving hanteert die vooral afhankelijk is van fossiele brandstoffen. Voor Groene Revolutie en Geld Regeert wordt een vrije mondiale markt verondersteld en voor Duurzame Transitie en Nieuwe Burchten een regionaal georienteerde markt waarbij sprake is van protectionisme.

Analyse van ernstige verkeersongevallen in Zeeland in 2006 en beleidsaanbevelingen. Onderzoek in opdracht van het Regionaal Orgaan Verkeersveiligheid Zeeland.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Davidse, R.J. Aarts, L.T. & Stipdonk, H.L.

2007-01-01

In 2006 the number of road deaths in the province of Zeeland suddenly increased when compared with the previous years. This increase was reason for the Regional Road Traffic Safety Authority of Zeeland to request SWOV to analyse the available data to find out how this could have happened, and to

Experimental study of the wake characteristics of a two-blade horizontal axis wind turbine by time-resolved PIV

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZHANG LiRu; CEN KeFa; XING JiangKuan; WANG JianWen; YUAN RenYu; DONG XueQing; MA JianLong; LUO Kun; QIU KunZan; NI MingJiang

2017-01-01

Wind tunnel experiments of the wake characteristics of a two-blade wind turbine,in the downstream region of 0＜x/R＜ 10,have been carried out.With the help of the time resolved particle image velocimetry (TRPIV),flow properties such as the vortex structure,average velocity,fluctuations velocities and Reynolds stresses are obtained at different tip speed ratios (TSR).It is found that the wind turbine wake flow can be divided into velocity deficit region,velocity remained region and velocity increased region,with generally higher velocity deficit compared with a three-blade wind turbine wake.Once a blade rotates to the reference 0° plane,the tip vortices generate,shed and move downstream with the intensity gradually decreased.The leapfrogging phenomenon of tip vortices caused by the force interaction of adjacent vortices is found and more apparent in the far wake region.The axial fluctuation velocity is larger than radial fluctuation velocity at the blade root region,and the turbulent kinetic energy shares the similar trend as the axial fluctuation velocity.The axial normalized Reynolds normal stress is much larger than the radial normalized Reynolds normal stress and Reynolds shear stress at the blade root region.As the TSR increases,the radial location where the peak axial normalized Reynolds normal stress u u / U2 and axial fluctuation velocity appear descends in the radial direction.

Factsheet 2011. Quality Regional Management for Electricity and Natural Gas Transport Networks; Factsheet 2011. Kwaliteit Regionaal Netbeheer Elektriciteitsnetten en Gastransportnetten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-15

Regional grid operators take care of distribution of electricity and gas for households and small and medium-sized businesses. Moreover, they are responsible for monitoring and maintaining their grids. The Dutch Office of Energy Regulation supervises the quality of the grids of the grid operators. The Dutch Office of Energy Regulation considers quality to consist of four aspects: security of transport, safety, product quality and services quality. The Factsheets offer insight in how a grid operator has performed in recent years. By publishing the Factsheets on Quality, the Dutch Office of Energy Regulation aims to offer an objective, broad view on the realized quality by the grid operators [Dutch] Regionale netbeheerders verzorgen het transport van elektriciteit en gas voor onder andere huishoudens en het midden- en kleinbedrijf. Ze zijn daarnaast verantwoordelijk voor het onderhoud en de instandhouding van hun netten. De Energiekamer NMa houdt toezicht op de kwaliteit van de netten van netbeheerders. Onder kwaliteit verstaat de Energiekamer NMa vier aspecten: transportzekerheid, veiligheid, productkwaliteit en kwaliteit van dienstverlening. De Factsheets geven inzicht in hoe een netbeheerder gedurende de afgelopen jaren gepresteerd heeft. Met het publiceren van de Factsheets Kwaliteit beoogt de Energiekamer NMa een objectief en breed beeld van de gerealiseerde kwaliteit door netbeheerders te geven.

Perspektivõ sotrudnitshestva i konkurentsii portov Baltiiskogo regiona = Cooperation and competition prospects for the ports in the Baltic region / Mihhail Bronshtein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Bronštein, Mihhail, 1923-

2004-01-01

11-12. oktoobrini Peterburis toimunud konverentsil peetud ettekanne. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia akadeemik Balti riikide sadamate tähtsusest Venemaa transiitkaubanduses, Venemaa sadamate ehitusest Balti mere regioonis. Lisa: Mihhail Bronshtein

Innovacionnye aspekty razvitija rybopromyslovogo flota jeksklavnogo regiona Rossii [The innovative aspects of the fishing fleet development in the Russian exclave region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivchenko Vladislav

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Our country has set a course for the economy modernisation on the basis of innovative development. In the post-war period until 1991, the exclave of Russia — the Kaliningrad region — showed high rates of socioeconomic development due to the establishment of a large-scale sea fishing industry. Such success rested on research and innovative activity. This article analyses the successful innovative development of the fishing fleet in the historical perspective: new vessels, the development of new equipment, introduction of innovative forms of fishing organisation. The authors offer data on the efficiency of such innovative initiatives. This historical experience is of great importance given the revival of industrial fishing in the Kaliningrad region.

Kansrijkheid van beloningsscenario's in de provincie Limburg : een beoordeling op basis van literatuur. In opdracht van Regionaal Orgaan Verkeersveiligheid Limburg ROVL.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Goldenbeld, C. & Reurings, M.C.B.

2012-01-01

Feasibility of reward scenarios in the province of Limburg; An assessment based on literature. The Regional Road Traffic Safety Authority of Limburg asked SWOV to assess five scenarios for rewarding traffic behaviour on their feasibility. This involved a qualitative content-wise and statistical

Evolution of Value Added Chains in Asia Pacific Region and Opportunities for Russia

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Igor Alekseevich Makarov

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the changing patterns of transnational value chains in the Asia-Pacific region. The methodology is based on the analysis of data extracted from the OECD – WTO Trade in Value Added Database (2016. The study demonstrates that 1 Asia-Pacific countries show extremely high involvement in the global value chains; 2 intra-Asian value chains develop at a fast pace, reflecting the trend towards regiona-lization of economic ties in Asia-Pacific (caused by the processes of transformation within China, the growing income divergence in the region and the development of regional integration mechanisms; 3 the level of participation in global value chains differs across countries and is subject to constant changes. In particular, Chinese manufacturers are moving to the processes with higher value added, and the role of an ‘assembly shop’ in the region is shifting to the ASEAN countries. Russia’s participation in the value chains in the Asia-Pacific region is currently limited to its role as a supplier of raw materials. High tariffs make manufacturing oriented towards Asia less viable, especially considering that most of Asia-Pacific countries have free trade agreements with each other. However, favorable rules of origin in Asian RTAs as well as good political relations with leading Asian countries in conditions of tensions between them still create some opportunities for involving Russia in regional value chains at the more advanced stages

Herschel-ATLAS: A Binary HyLIRG Pinpointing a Cluster of Starbursting Protoellipticals

Science.gov (United States)

Ivison, R.J.; Swinbank, A.M.; Smail, Ian; Harris, A. I.; Bussmann, R. S.; Cooray, A.; Cox, P.; Fu, H.; Kovacs, A.; Krips, M.;

Seroepidemiological survey of human visceral leishmaniasis in ilam province, west of iran in 2013.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jahangir Abdi

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Visceral leishmaniasis (VL as one of the most important human parasitic disease is endemic in some parts of Iran. Several cases of VL have been reported recently in the Ilam Province. The current study aimed to assess the present status of human VL in the region.A random cluster sampling method was used to collect 456 serums samples from the children up to 12 years of age and 10% of adults living in urban and rural areas of the province. All the collected serum samples were tested by direct agglutination test (DAT to detect anti- Leishmania infantum antibodies.Of the examined 456 serum samples with direct agglutination test (DAT, only 21 (0.43% sera showed anti- Leishmania antibodies at titers 1:400 and higher. Distribution of anti- Leishmania antibodies titers were: 1:400(n=4, 1:800(n=11, 1:1600(n=3, 1:3200(n=1, and 1:6400(n=1. Individuals with titers ≥1:3200 showed clinical signs and symptoms such as fever and splenomegaly. The highest and lowest seropositivity were observed in the age groups of 5-9 and >15 years old, respectively. There were no significant difference between the rate of seropositivity in males and females.VL with a low prevalence circulates in some parts of Ilam province, particularly in the southern parts. Complementary studies should be needed to find animal reservoir hosts and vectors. Furthermore, health systems and physicians should pay particular attention to the disease.

Organizarea teritorială a spațiului rural în contextul reformei administrative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavius MIHALACHE

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The undertaking of a territorial and administra-tive reform is one of the main topics in both public and scientifc debate these years. The political de-bate is focused on some specifc issues such as: how many regions Romania must have, which cities should be the centers of those regions or what kind of institutions should be created. From this point of view, this paper presents a new perspective about the process of regionalization. The goal of this paper is to analyze the theoretical and empirical bases of the actual system of the rural localities. In Romania there are more than 2800 rural localities, but only a small part of them have the f-nancial strength to sustain the development policiesby their own. The vast majority of the communes are dependent upon the public allocations. On one hand, the most developed rural localities, situated with predilection in peripheral areas of important urban centers have important competitive advan-tages relying on the size of the population and the specifcity of the economic activities. On the other hand, communes from poor areas have a signifcant defcit of public utilities and infrastructure caused by the absence of fnancial resources. Therefore, the coordinates of the local budget of revenues and expenditures represents the main determinant in the process of development of the communes. This paper argues that a serious analysis of the regiona-lization process should take into account the reform of the actual rural administrative system.

A seismic design of nuclear reactor building structures applying seismic isolation system in a seismicity region-a feasibility case study in Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubo, Tetsuo [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan); Yamamoto, Tomofumi; Sato, Kunihiko [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan); Jimbo, Masakazu [Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama (Japan); Imaoka, Tetsuo [Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd., Hitachi (Japan); Umeki, Yoshito [Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc., Nagoya (Japan)

2014-10-15

A feasibility study on the seismic design of nuclear reactor buildings with application of a seismic isolation system is introduced. After the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan of 1995, seismic isolation technologies have been widely employed for commercial buildings. Having become a mature technology, seismic isolation systems can be applied to NPP facilities in areas of high seismicity. Two reactor buildings are discussed, representing the PWR and BWR buildings in Japan, and the application of seismic isolation systems is discussed. The isolation system employing rubber bearings with a lead plug positioned (LRB) is examined. Through a series of seismic response analyses using the so-named standard design earthquake motions covering the design basis earthquake motions obtained for NPP sites in Japan, the responses of the seismic isolated reactor buildings are evaluated. It is revealed that for the building structures examined herein: (1) the responses of both isolated buildings and isolating LRBs fulfill the specified design criteria; (2) the responses obtained for the isolating LRBs first reach the ultimate condition when intensity of motion is 2.0 to 2.5 times as large as that of the design-basis; and (3) the responses of isolated reactor building fall below the range of the prescribed criteria.

Problemy konkurencii i kooperacii v toplivno-jenergeticheskom komplekse Baltijskogo regiona [Competition and cooperation problems in the energy sector of the Baltic region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zverev Yuri

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article considers the problems of competition and cooperation in the field of energy in the Baltic region, first of all, those related to the export of Russian oil and oil products, the Nord Stream gas pipeline, and the construction of nuclear plants in Poland, the Kaliningrad region, Lithuania, and Belarus. The author shows that, though Russia and the EU occasionally pursue opposite goals, there is considerable interdependence between them, and a confrontation is disadvantageous for both parties.

Potential of sustainable energy with regard to engineering structures. WINN Energy from Water; Energieverbruik nationaal en regionaal waterbeheer. WINN Energie uit Water

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dahm, R.; Bruggers, M. [Deltares, Delft (Netherlands)

2009-12-15

An overview is offered of the annual energy use of pumping stations, weirs and sluices in the Netherlands. This involves both the energy use of wet objects (pumping stations, weirs and sluices) in the main water system and the regional water systems. The reports has an annex containing the report 'Inventarisatie energieverbruik waterwerken' (Inventory of energy use by water works) published by Grontmij Netherlands [Dutch] Een overzicht wordt gegeven van het jaarlijkse energieverbruik door gemalen, stuwen en sluizen in Nederland. Het gaat daarbij zowel om het energieverbruik van de natte objecten (gemalen, stuwen en sluizen) in het hoofdwatersysteem als om de regionale watersystemen. Het rapport bevat als bijlage het rapport 'Inventarisatie energieverbruik waterwerken' door Grontmij Nederland.

Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer: A case-control study in the Fez region, Morocco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed Khalis

Full Text Available Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In the Moroccan context, the role of well-known reproductive factors in breast cancer remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between menstrual and reproductive factors and breast cancer risk in Moroccan women in the Fez region.A case-control study was conducted at the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez between January 2014 and April 2015. A total of 237 cases of breast cancer and 237 age-matched controls were included. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual and reproductive history, family history of breast cancer, and lifestyle factors was obtained through a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer by menstrual and reproductive factors adjusted for potential confounders.Early menarche (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08-2.38 and nulliparity (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.98-7.30 were significantly related to an increased risk of breast cancer, whereas an early age at first full-term pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.65.The results of this study confirm the role of established reproductive factors for breast cancer in Moroccan women. It identified some susceptible groups at high risk of breast cancer. Preventive interventions and screening should focus on these groups as a priority. These results should be confirmed in a larger, multicenter study.

Factsheet 2010. Quality Regional Management for Electricity and Natural Gas Networks. Expert version; Factsheet 2010. Kwaliteit Regionaal Netbeheer Elektriciteitsnetten en Gasnetten. Expert versie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-12-15

Regional grid operators take care of distribution of electricity and gas for households and small and medium-sized businesses. Moreover, they are responsible for monitoring and maintaining their grids. The Dutch Office of Energy Regulation supervises the quality of the grids of the grid operators. The Dutch Office of Energy Regulation considers quality to consist of four aspects: security of transport, safety, product quality and services quality. The Factsheets offer insight in how a grid operator has performed in recent years. By publishing the Factsheets on Quality, the Dutch Office of Energy Regulation aims to offer an objective, broad view on the realized quality by the grid operators [Dutch] Regionale netbeheerders verzorgen het transport van elektriciteit en gas voor onder andere huishoudens en het midden- en kleinbedrijf. Ze zijn daarnaast verantwoordelijk voor het onderhoud en de instandhouding van hun netten. De Energiekamer NMa houdt toezicht op de kwaliteit van de netten van netbeheerders. Onder kwaliteit verstaat de Energiekamer NMa vier aspecten: transportzekerheid, veiligheid, productkwaliteit en kwaliteit van dienstverlening. De Factsheets geven inzicht in hoe een netbeheerder gedurende de afgelopen jaren gepresteerd heeft. Met het publiceren van de Factsheets Kwaliteit beoogt de Energiekamer NMa een objectief en breed beeld van de gerealiseerde kwaliteit door netbeheerders te geven.

Moving Forward on Digital Inclusion: A framework for integrating research, policy and practice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deborah West

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The concept of a technological divide is frequently employed to discuss and analyse the social inequities that exist in relation to the use of technology. These disparities occur across local, regional, national and international levels of society and consequences include the reduction of people’s ability to participate in the information economy. This paper reflects on the Framework for Inquiry into the Technological Divide; a social work framework to facilitate understanding and provide direction to research, policy and practice targeted at closing the technological divide. Application of the framework is discussed in light of a recent study carried out in the Northern Territory of Australia that investigated the presence of a technological divide at the care nexus of people with dementia, carers and practitioners. A summary of broader applications of the framework is also presented. Het concept “Technological Divide” wordt vaak gebruikt om sociale ongelijkheden te analyseren, die betrekking hebben op het gebruik van informatie- en communicatietechnologie. Deze ongelijkheden komen op lokaal, regionaal, nationaal en internationaal niveau voor en belemmeren onder andere de mogelijkheden die mensen hebben om deel te nemen aan de informatiesamenleving. Dit artikel reflecteert op het Framework for Inquiry into the Technological Divide. Dit framework geeft richting aan onderzoek, beleid en uitvoeringspraktijken die deze technologiekloof willen dichten. Het artikel bespreekt de toepassing van het framework in het licht van een recente studie, uitgevoerd in het Noordelijk grondgebied van Australië, die de aanwezigheid van een technologiekloof onderzocht in de samenhangende zorg door professionals en verzorgers aan mensen met dementie. Ook wordt een samenvatting van de bredere toepassingsmogelijkheden van het framework gepresenteerd.

Prevalence of larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra simulans (Diptera, Oestridae on Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae in southeastern Cerrado from Brazil Prevalência de parasitismo de larvas de Cuterebra simulans (Diptera, Oestridae em Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae no Cerrado do sudeste do Brasil

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Leonardo Dominici Cruz

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The prevalence of Cuterebra simulans bot fly parasitism on marsupial Gracilinanus microtarsus was compared between sexes and seasons of the year. No significant difference was observed between females and males but prevalence was higher in warm-wet season than cool-dry season. This pattern agree with observations of others studies with oestrids flies in southern Neotropical areas, suggesting the occurrence of latitudinal change in the peak of bot flies reproductive activity related to seasons of the year along these systems. This is the first record of C. simulans larvae parasitism on G. microtarsus and its occurrence in southern areas of the Neotropical region.A prevalência de parasitismo das larvas da mosca Cuterebra simulans no marsupial Gracilinanus microtarsus foi comparada entre os sexos e estações do ano. Machos e fêmeas não apresentaram diferenças significativas, mas a prevalência de parasitismo foi mais elevada na estação quenteúmida que na estação fria-seca. Este padrão está de acordo com as observações de outros estudos com moscas da família Oestridae realizados nas áreas ao sul da região Neotropical, sugerindo a ocorrência de mudanças latitudinais nos picos de atividades reprodutivas destas moscas em relação às estações do ano ao longo destes sistemas. Este também é o primeiro registro da ocorrência de C. simulans em áreas mais ao sul da região Neotropical e do parasitismo de suas larvas em G. microtarsus.

Evaluating LSM-Based Water Budgets Over a West African Basin Assisted with a River Routing Scheme

Science.gov (United States)

Getirana, Augusto C. V.; Boone, Aaron; Peugeot, Christophe

2014-01-01

Within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (ALMIP-2), this study evaluates the water balance simulated by the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) over the upper Oum River basin, in Benin, using a mesoscale river routing scheme (RRS). The RRS is based on the nonlinear Muskingum Cunge method coupled with two linear reservoirs that simulate the time delay of both surface runoff and base flow that are produced by land surface models. On the basis of the evidence of a deep water-table recharge in that region,a reservoir representing the deep-water infiltration (DWI) is introduced. The hydrological processes of the basin are simulated for the 2005-08 AMMA field campaign period during which rainfall and stream flow data were intensively collected over the study area. Optimal RRS parameter sets were determined for three optimization experiments that were performed using daily stream flow at five gauges within the basin. Results demonstrate that the RRS simulates stream flow at all gauges with relative errors varying from -22% to 3% and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients varying from 0.62 to 0.90. DWI varies from 24% to 67% of the base flow as a function of the sub-basin. The relatively simple reservoir DWI approach is quite robust, and further improvements would likely necessitate more complex solutions (e.g., considering seasonality and soil type in ISBA); thus, such modifications are recommended for future studies. Although the evaluation shows that the simulated stream flows are generally satisfactory, further field investigations are necessary to confirm some of the model assumptions.

Bound water at protein-protein interfaces: partners, roles and hydrophobic bubbles as a conserved motif.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mostafa H Ahmed

Full Text Available There is a great interest in understanding and exploiting protein-protein associations as new routes for treating human disease. However, these associations are difficult to structurally characterize or model although the number of X-ray structures for protein-protein complexes is expanding. One feature of these complexes that has received little attention is the role of water molecules in the interfacial region.A data set of 4741 water molecules abstracted from 179 high-resolution (≤ 2.30 Å X-ray crystal structures of protein-protein complexes was analyzed with a suite of modeling tools based on the HINT forcefield and hydrogen-bonding geometry. A metric termed Relevance was used to classify the general roles of the water molecules.The water molecules were found to be involved in: a (bridging interactions with both proteins (21%, b favorable interactions with only one protein (53%, and c no interactions with either protein (26%. This trend is shown to be independent of the crystallographic resolution. Interactions with residue backbones are consistent for all classes and account for 21.5% of all interactions. Interactions with polar residues are significantly more common for the first group and interactions with non-polar residues dominate the last group. Waters interacting with both proteins stabilize on average the proteins' interaction (-0.46 kcal mol(-1, but the overall average contribution of a single water to the protein-protein interaction energy is unfavorable (+0.03 kcal mol(-1. Analysis of the waters without favorable interactions with either protein suggests that this is a conserved phenomenon: 42% of these waters have SASA ≤ 10 Å(2 and are thus largely buried, and 69% of these are within predominantly hydrophobic environments or "hydrophobic bubbles". Such water molecules may have an important biological purpose in mediating protein-protein interactions.

Dynamical downscaling of GloSea5 over Ethiopia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Tucker

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We have implemented dynamical downscaling of the Met Office GloSea5 global seasonal forecasting system and analysed its ability to generate skilful forecasts of characteristics of the June-September rainy season in Ethiopia that are of societal relevance. The downscaling used a regional model with a resolution of 25 km, and the same atmosphere and land configuration as the global model, to produce a 3-member ensemble of seasonal hindcasts for the period 1991–2011 and a larger 15-member ensemble for four of these years comprising two anomalously dry and two anomalously wet years. The regional model was also driven by the quasi-observed ERA-Interim dataset. To provide context for the assessment of the downscaled seasonal forecasts and to show the limit for the skill of a global seasonal forecast downscaling system for the region.A mainly qualitative assessment of GloSea5 and downscaled GloSea5 forecasts demonstrated that the downscaled forecasts could be considered a faithful disaggregation of the coarse resolution GloSea5 forecasts. Forecasts of average seasonal rainfall anomalies in the three regions of Ethiopia studied were captured in three of the four years with the wet season of 2006 incorrectly forecast in all three regions, and the 21 year 3-member hindcast had a correlation of 0.65 with observations. Whilst exploring the potential for the downscaled GloSea5 to generate skillful forecasts of rainy season onset and dry spells we note that both the global and regional model have skill with onset correctly predicted as being early or late in more than 75% of cases for some regions. Keywords: Seasonal forecast, Ethiopia, Downscaling, Rainy season onset, Dry spells

The cost of geothermal energy in the western US region:a portfolio-based approach a mean-variance portfolio optimization of the regions' generating mix to 2013.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beurskens, Luuk (ECN-Energy Research Centre of the Netherland); Jansen, Jaap C. (ECN-Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands); Awerbuch, Shimon Ph.D. (.University of Sussex, Brighton, UK); Drennen, Thomas E.

2005-09-01

Energy planning represents an investment-decision problem. Investors commonly evaluate such problems using portfolio theory to manage risk and maximize portfolio performance under a variety of unpredictable economic outcomes. Energy planners need to similarly abandon their reliance on traditional, ''least-cost'' stand-alone technology cost estimates and instead evaluate conventional and renewable energy sources on the basis of their portfolio cost--their cost contribution relative to their risk contribution to a mix of generating assets. This report describes essential portfolio-theory ideas and discusses their application in the Western US region. The memo illustrates how electricity-generating mixes can benefit from additional shares of geothermal and other renewables. Compared to fossil-dominated mixes, efficient portfolios reduce generating cost while including greater renewables shares in the mix. This enhances energy security. Though counter-intuitive, the idea that adding more costly geothermal can actually reduce portfolio-generating cost is consistent with basic finance theory. An important implication is that in dynamic and uncertain environments, the relative value of generating technologies must be determined not by evaluating alternative resources, but by evaluating alternative resource portfolios. The optimal results for the Western US Region indicate that compared to the EIA target mixes, there exist generating mixes with larger geothermal shares at equal-or-lower expected cost and risk.

[Ecological regionalization of national cotton fiber quality in China using GGE biplot analysis method].

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Nai Yin; Jin, Shi Qiao; Li, Jian

2017-01-01

The distinctive regional characteristics of cotton fiber quality in the major cotton-producing areas in China enhance the textile use efficiency of raw cotton yarn by improving fiber quality through ecological regionalization. The "environment vs. trait" GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to explore the interaction between conventional cotton sub-regions and cotton fiber quality traits based on the datasets collected from the national cotton regional trials from 2011 to 2015. The results showed that the major cotton-producing area in China were divided into four fiber quality ecological regions, namely, the "high fiber quality ecological region", the "low micronaire ecological region", the "high fiber strength and micronaire ecological region", and the "moderate fiber quality ecological region". The high fiber quality ecological region was characterized by harmonious development of cotton fiber length, strength, micronaire value and the highest spinning consistency index, and located in the conventional cotton regions in the upper and lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley. The low micronaire value ecological region composed of the northern and south Xinjiang cotton regions was characterized by low micronaire value, relatively lower fiber strength, and relatively high spinning consistency index performance. The high fiber strength and micronaire value ecological region covered the middle reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Nanxiang Basin and Huaibei Plain, and was prominently characterized by high strength and micronaire value, and moderate performance of other traits. The moderate fiber quality ecological region included North China Plain and Loess Plateau cotton growing regions in the Yellow River Valley, and was characterized by moderate or lower performances of all fiber quality traits. This study effectively applied "environment vs. trait" GGE biplot to regionalize cotton fiber quality, which provided a helpful reference for the regiona-lized cotton growing

Study of natural spin-parity strange meson radial excitations in K-p → K-π+n at 11 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durkin, L.S.

1980-12-01

Results are presented from a high statistics study of the reaction K - p → K - π + n at 11 GeV/c. This data was selected offline from an approx. 1000 event/μb K - p experiment run on the Large Aperture Solenoid Spectrometer (LASS) at SLAC which triggered on essentially the total inelastic cross section. This K - π + n sample, after cuts, contained approx. 42,000 events in the Kπ invariant mass region from 0.65 GeV to 2.30 GeV, and absolute value t' 2 . A spherical harmonic angular moments analysis of this data is presented, as well as an energy independent partial wave analysis (PWA) of these angular moments. The nearly uniform acceptance characteristics of this data allowed a detailed analysis, which yielded information on natural spin-parity strange meson resonances in the Kπ invariant mass range from 0.65 GeV to 2.30 GeV. The well established K*(895), K*(1430), and K*(1780) are observed, and clear evidence is presented for a J/sup P/ = 4 + strange meson state at a mass of 2.08 GeV. The K - π + elastic scattering partial waves extracted in this PWA show unambiguous evidence for a relatively narrow S wave resonance near 1.42 GeV in the Kπ invariant mass. This state is a confirmation of the 0 + K(1500) seen in previous PWA's. A new higher S wave resonance is clearly seen unambiguously near 1.90 GeV. Unambiguous evidence is presented for a relatively wide P wave resonance in the 1.70 GeV region.A second new P wave resonance also is seen in two of four ambiguous partial wave solutions in the 2.10 GeV region. These resonance states are discussed within the framework of a simple harmonic oscillator quark model. In particular three of the underlying resonances are discussed as possible natural spin-parity strange meson radial excitations

Half of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases Were Left Undiagnosed in Prisons of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia: Implications for Tuberculosis Control.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelemework Adane

Full Text Available Prison settings have been often identified as important but neglected reservoirs for TB. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed pulmonary TB and assess the potential risk factors for such TB cases in prisons of the Tigray region.A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2013 and February 2014 in nine prisons. A standardized symptom-based questionnaire was initially used to identify presumptive TB cases. From each, three consecutive sputum samples were collected for acid-fast bacilli (AFB microscopy and culture. Blood samples were collected from consented participants for HIV testing.Out of 809 presumptive TB cases with culture result, 4.0% (95% CI: 2.65-5.35 were confirmed to have undiagnosed TB. The overall estimated point prevalence of undiagnosed TB was found to be 505/100,000 prisoners (95% CI: 360-640. Together with the 27 patients who were already on treatment, the overall estimated point prevalence of TB would be 793/100,000 prisoners (95% CI: 610-970, about four times higher than in the general population. The ratio of active to passive case detection was 1.18:1. The prevalence of HIV was 4.4% (36/809 among presumptive TB cases and 6.3% (2/32 among undiagnosed TB cases. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, chewing Khat (adjusted OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.02-7.75 and having had a close contact with a TB patient (adjusted OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.05-4.51 were found to be predictors of undiagnosed TB among presumptive TB cases.This study revealed that at least half of symptomatic pulmonary TB cases in Northern Ethiopian prisons remain undiagnosed and hence untreated. The prevalence of undiagnosed TB in the study prisons was more than two folds higher than in the general population of Tigray. This may indicate the need for more investment and commitment to improving TB case detection in the study prisons.

跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（TPP）的成本收益分析：中国的视角%A Cost Benefits Analysis of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement（TPP）：A Chinese Perspective

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

沈铭辉

2012-01-01

From the outset of negotiations,TPP claimed to have the goal of realizing a comprehensive,high-quality ＂21st Century＂ free trade agreement.In reality,TPP will not help to enhance economic relations in the Asia-Pacific region,nor will it overcome the ＂Spaghetti Bowl Effect＂ faced by the region.A cost-benefit analysis of TPP reveals that while small states may benefit from TPP,for large states TPP offers virtually no economic value.TPP is only a tool for the United States to respond to East Asian cooperation and obtain non-traditional economic benefits.From China＇s perspective,developing its domestic market is the best way of overcoming the negative impacts of TPP over the long term;over the medium term,China needs to work with Japan to promote East Asian cooperation to ensure that it can maximize its interests against the background of TPP.%早在谈判初期,TPP就宣称将达成一个全面的、高水平的面向21世纪的自由贸易协议,但事实上,TPP将无助于加强亚太地区的经济联系,更无法解决亚太地区的＂意大利面条碗效应＂问题。关于TPP的成本收益分析表明,经济小国或许能够从TPP中获益,但是对大国而言,TPP基本没有经济价值。TPP只是美国应对东亚合作、获得非传统经济利益的工具。从中国角度看,长期内,克服TPP负面影响的根本途径是扩大内需;中期内则需要与日本共同推动实现东亚合作,确保中国在整个TPP博弈中获得次优结果。

Facilitators and barriers for retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in Asia-A study in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Lao, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sushil Koirala

Full Text Available The need for efficient retention in HIV care is more evident than ever because of the expansion of earlier ART initiation and the shift towards 'Test and Treat'. This study assesses factors affecting participation in the HIV care cascade among people living with HIV (PLHIV in the Asia-Pacific Region.A total of 7843 PLHIV aged 18-50 years were recruited using targeted and venue-based sampling between October 1, 2012, and May 31, 2013, across 59 sites in 7 countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam. Statistically significant associations between demographic and health system determinants, and various steps in the HIV care cascade were computed using a generalized structural equation model.A high proportion of PLHIV (40-51% presented late for HIV care and delayed linkage to care in all seven countries. However, once PLHIV enrolled in care, retention in the various steps of the care cascade including adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART was satisfactory. The proportion still engaged in HIV care at 36 months post HIV diagnosis, varied from 78% in Nepal to >90% in Lao PDR. Similarly, the proportion of ART initiation who also were adherent to ART ranged from 91% in Bangladesh to >95% in Philippines/ Vietnam and from 70% in Lao PDR to 89% in the Philippines respectively. The following factors enhanced the likelihood of ART initiation and high adherence to HIV care and ART: good client-provider communication, high HIV treatment literacy, a referral from a health worker and TB/HIV co-infection. The following barriers were identified: young age, sex work, imprisonment, transgender identity, illiteracy, rural residence, alcohol/ injecting drug use, perceived poor health status, lack of health insurance, fear of confidentiality breach, self-referral for HIV testing, and public hospital as the place of HIV diagnosis.HIV programme planners should ensure easy access to HIV testing

Association of maternal CNVs in GSTT1/GSTT2 with smoking, preterm delivery, and low birth weight

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaojing eZheng

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Preterm delivery (PTD is an adverse birth outcome associated with increased infant mortality and negative lifelong health consequences. PTD may be the result of interactions between genetics and maternal/fetal environmental factors including smoking exposure (SMK. A common deletion in the GSTT1 gene was previously reported to affect birth outcomes in smokers. In this study, we dissect the associations among SMK, birth outcomes, and copy number variations (CNVs in the GSTT1/GSTT2 region.A preterm birth case-control dataset of 1937 mothers was part of the GENEVA preterm birth study, which included genome-wide genotyping used to identify CNVs. We examined the association of SMK with birth outcomes, detected CNVs within the GSTT1/GSTT2 region using PennCNV, and examined associations of the identified CNVs with preterm birth and with birth weight (BW in full term birth controls, including interactions with SMK. Finally, we tested the association of CNVs in GSTT1/GSTT2 with SMK.We confirmed the association of smoking with low BW and PTD. We identified 2 CNVs in GSTT2 (GSTT2a and GSTT2b, 1 CNV in GSTTP1 and 2 CNVs in GSTT1 (GSTT1a and GSTT1b. The GSTT2a deletion was associated with reduced BW (-284g, p=2.5E-7 in smokers, and was more common in smokers (odds ratio[OR]=1.3, p=0.036. We found that the size of the reported common deletion CNV in GSTT1 was larger than previously shown. The GSTTP1 and GSTT1b null genotypes were in high linkage disequilibrium (LD (D’=0.89 and less common in smokers (OR=0.68, p=0.019 and OR=0.73, p=0.055 respectively. These two deletions were in partial LD with GSTT2a and GSTT2b duplications. All 5 CNVs seem to be associated with increased risk of preterm birth before 35 completed weeks.CNVs in the GSTTT1/GSTT2 region appear associated with low BW and PTD outcomes, but LD complicated these CNVs in GSTT1/GSTT2. In genetic association studies of BW, multiple CNVs in this region need to be investigated instead of a single

Verkeersonveiligheid bij mist : een beknopt overzicht van omvang, aard en preventie. Bijdrage aan het symposium `Zicht op mist', georganiseerd door het Regionaal Orgaan Verkeersveiligheid Brabant ROVB, Congrescentrum Het Turfschip, Breda, 29 oktober 1992.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koornstra, M.J.

1993-01-01

On average, the number of injury fog accidents accounted for about 1% of the total number of injury accidents in the Netherlands, in the 1970-1991 period. The lack of traffic safety on foggy days in the 1983-1985 period is characterized as follows: (1) The occurrence of injury accidents was not more

Quickscan of substances for which the set reduction of emissions has not been realised; Quickscan van stoffen met niet gerealiseerde emissiereducties uit het Doelgroepbeleid Milieu en Industrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bakker, J.

2011-11-15

te behalen. Voor vier van de veertien stoffen (fijn stof, stikstofoxiden, polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen en koper) wordt op landelijk of regionaal (stedelijke agglomeraties) niveau een overschrijding van de grenswaarde voor de luchtkwaliteit of het maximaal toelaatbaar risiconiveau geconstateerd. De industrie blijkt ongeveer 20 procent bij te dragen aan de nationale emissie van zowel fijn stof als polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen. Voor stikstofoxiden en koper is de bijdrage van de industrie aan de nationale emissie minder dan 10 procent. Voor vier stoffen, te weten zwaveldioxide, arseen, benzeen en koolmonoxide, wordt de streefwaarde overschreden. Voor de overige zes stoffen worden de milieukwaliteitsnormen niet of nauwelijks overschreden.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for stage IVA/IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure in an endemic area in China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zeng, Lei; Tian, Yun-Ming; Sun, Xue-Ming; Huang, Ying; Chen, Chun-Yan; Han, Fei; Liu, Shuai; Lan, Mei; Guan, Ying [Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Guangzhou (China); Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou (China); Deng, Xiao-Wu; Lu, Tai-Xiang [Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Guangzhou (China)

2014-11-15

krankheitsfreie (DFS), lokal rezidivfreie (LRFS), lokal-regionaer rezidivfreie (LRRFS) und fernmetastasenfreie Ueberleben (DMFS) bei Patienten im Stadium IVA und IVB betrugen jeweils 72,7 vs. 60,0 % (p = 0,319), 62,9 vs. 51,3 % (p = 0,070), 82,9 vs. 93,1 % (p = 0,070), 82,9 vs. 82,9 % (p = 0,897), 76,4 vs. 58,5 % (p = 0,003) bzw. Ein Alter ueber 44 Jahre erwies sich als statistisch signifikanter, unguenstiger, unabhaengiger prognostischer Faktor fuer OS. Patienten im fortgeschrittenen N-Stadium wiesen ein schlechteres OS, DFS und DMFS auf. Patienten mit einem primaeren makroskopischen Tumorvolumen (GTV-P) von mehr als 55.11 ml hatten ein schlechteres OS, DFS und LRRFS. Die Ergebnisse der Behandlung von Patienten mit NPC im Stadium IVA mit IMRT waren ausgezeichnet. Fernmetastasen bleiben die schwierigste Herausforderung bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit NPC im Stadium IVA und IVB und es muessen wirksamere systemische Chemotherapien erforscht werden. (orig.)

Testing a participatory integrated assessment(PIA) approach to select climate change adaptation actions to enhance wetland sustainability: The case of Poyang Lake region in China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HUANG; Li; YIN; Yongyuan; DU; De-Bin

2015-01-01

The necessity of mainstreaming climate adaptation strategies or policies into natural resource management plans has been recognized by the UNFCCC.The IPCC AR5 report suggests a growing demand for research to provide information for a deeper and more useful understanding of climate adaptation options,and indicates a lack of effective methods to meet this increasing demand of policymakers.In this respect,a participatory integrated assessment(PIA) approach is presented in this paper to provide an effective means to mainstream wetland climate change adaptation in rural sustainable development strategies,and thus to reduce climate vulnerability and to enhance rural community livelihood.The PIA approach includes a series of research activities required to assess climate impacts on wetland ecosystems,and to prioritize adaptation responses.A range of adaptation options that address key aspects of the wetland ecosystem resilience and concerns are evaluated against community based on sustainable development indicators.The PIA approach is able to identify desirable adaptation options which can then be implemented to improve wetland ecosystem health and to enhance regional sustainable development in a changing climate.For illustration purpose,the PIA was applied in a case study in Poyang Lake(PYL) region,a critical wetland and water ecosystem in central China with important international biodiversity linkages,and a locale for key policy experiments with ecosystem rehabilitation.The PIA was used to facilitate the integration of wetland climate change adaptation in rural sustainable development actions with multi-stakeholders participation.In particular,the case shows how the PIA can be designed and implemented to select effective and practical climate change adaptation options to enhance ecosystem services management and to reduce resource use conflicts and rural poverty.Worked in partnership with multi-stakeholders and assisted with a multi-criteria decision making tool

Source correlation of biomarkers in a mangrove ecosystem on Santa Catarina Island in southern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar A. Silva

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The relative distribution of several compounds identified in four samples of recently deposited sediments of the Itacorubi Mangrove located on the Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil, was compared with similar data on compounds extracted from fresh leaves of three mangrove species (Avicennia schaueriana, the dominant species in the area, Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa and the Gramineae Spartinna alterniflora. Terpenols, previously identified in mangrove species in northern Brazil, were also found. A. schaueriana mainly contains β-amyrin (90.6 μg g-1 of extractable organic matter; low amounts of friedelin, betulin and germanicol were detected only in the leaf extract of this species. R. mangle also contained a significant amount of β-amyrin and it was the only species where taraxerol was detected. In contrast to the leaves, sediment extracts were dominated by germanicol, α-amyrin and campesterol. Despite its chemical lability, betulin was also detected. Two homologous series of α and ω-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in the acid-alkaline fraction. In spite of being reported in the literature as components of terrigenous plants, saturated ω-hydroxy acids were not identified. Our results indicate that although triterpenols may be used as biomarkers for mangrove-derived organic matter, their relative distribution can change according to the region.A distribuição relativa de vários compostos identificados em quatro amostras de sedimentos recentemente depositados no manguezal do Itacorubi, localizado na Ilha de Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil, foi comparada a dos diversos compostos extraídos de folhas frescas de três espécies de mangues: Avicennia schaueriana, espécie dominante na região, Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, e a gramínea Spartinna alterniflora. Terpenóis identificados previamente em espécies de mangues no norte do Brasil também foram encontrados. A espécie A. schaueriana cont

Spatial and temporal variability of leaf wetness duration in the State of São Paulo, Brazil Variabilidade espacial e temporal da duração do período de molhamento foliar no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emília Hamada

2008-12-01

Full Text Available One of the main factors influencing the occurrence of plant diseases is the leaf wetness duration (LWD. However, this climatic parameter is not generally and systematically recorded at meteorological stations, and the alternative to obtain an estimate for LWD is the use of mathematical models. The objective of this study was to estimate LWD for the State of São Paulo, on the basis of the number of hours with relative humidity equal to or higher than 90%, and also plot them on a map with help of the Geographical Information System (GIS tool. Using daily relative humidity data from ten meteorological stations of the State, for six years, adjustment equations were obtained for different LWD periods (hours day-1 (R² from 0.58 to 0.81 and of number of days (ND per month with LWD for a period equal to or higher than ten consecutive hours (R² from 0.57 to 0.75, both as functions of the mean relative humidity. The mean LWD and the mean ND varied among the different regions of the State and different periods of the year. The smallest estimated values of mean annual LWD and ND were observed for the west region of the State, and the highest values for the coastal region.A duração do período de molhamento (DPM foliar é um dos principais fatores para a ocorrência de doenças de planta. No entanto, esse parâmetro climático não é geralmente registrado sistematicamente nas estações meteorológicas, tendo-se como alternativa estimar a DPM por meio de modelos matemáticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a DPM para o estado de São Paulo, baseando-se no número de horas com umidade relativa igual ou superior a 90%, e também espacializá-la utilizando as ferramentas de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG. Utilizando resultados diários de umidade relativa de dez estações meteorológicas do estado, de seis anos, foram obtidas para diferentes períodos as equações de ajuste de DPM (horas dia-1 (R² de 0,58 a 0,81 e de número de

Ocenka vlijanija otraslej toplivno-jenergeticheskogo kompleksa Kaliningradskoj oblasti RF na social'nuju sferu i perspektivy jekonomicheskogo razvitija regiona [The assessment of the influence of energy industries on the economic development prospects and the social environment of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Latnak Diana

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This article offers the results of research conducted in the Kaliningrad region in the framework of the "Development of Russian Energy Sector: Social and Environmental Consequences and Prospects" network project by the Centre for Advanced Studies and Education. The authors assess the structure of regional energy sector and its influence on the economy according to key parameters. The article analyses the social effect of energy sector on the basis of a survey conducted for Kaliningrad.

Frequency of antibodies to Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma vivax and Borrelia burdgorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil Freqüência de anticorpos para Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma vivax e Borrelia burgdorferi em bovinos do nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel S. Guedes Junior

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. Borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. The objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, the frequency of seropositive cattle to Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma vivax and Borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the Northeastern region of Pará, Brazil. Sera samples from 246 female adult cattle from municipalities of Castanhal and São Miguel do Guamá were used. Crude antigens ELISAs were used to detect antibodies to all agents, except to A. marginale, to which an indirect ELISA with recombinant major surface 1a protein (MSP1a antigen was used. Overall frequencies of seropositive animals were: B. bigemina - 99.2%; B. bovis - 98.8%; A. marginale - 68.3%; T. vivax - 93.1% and B. burgdorferi - 54.9%. The frequencies of seropositive cattle to B. bovis and B. bigemina suggest a high rate of transmission of these organisms by tick in the studied region, which can be classified as enzootically stable to these hemoprotozoans. The low frequency of seropositive cattle to A. marginale may be attributed to a lower sensitivity of the recombinant antigen ELISA utilized or a distinct rate of inoculation of this rickettsia by ticks, as compared with Babesia sp. transmission. The high frequency of seropositive cattle to T. vivax indicates that this hemoprotozoan is prevalent in herds from the Northeastern region of Pará. The rate of animal that showed homologues antibodies to B. burgdorferi indicates the presence of the tickborne spirochaetal agent in the cattle population in the studied region.A babesiose, a anaplasmose e a tripanossomose são enfermidades relevantes, potencialmente causadoras de morbidade em bovinos, levando a perdas econômicas. A borreliose assume importância como zoonose potencial. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar

Sustainability pays. A reward system for sustainable producer and consumer behaviour; Duurzaam loont. Een beloningssysteem voor duurzaam consumentengedrag

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van Hilten, R. [QOIN, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2011-03-15

local restaurants, local cultural offerings and visits to local farmers. Shops see an increase in their sales and profits in the 'sustainable' segment. In addition, specifically targeted advertising is possible because Sustainability Rewarded gives the retailer insight into the purchasing behaviour of consumers and particularly that of their own customers. The Municipality gets access to a cost-effective and tried-and-tested set of instruments to realize policy. Rewards are more effective and also more cost-effective than information campaigns. It stimulates the regional economy. An added bonus is that the municipality gets better information about the impact of their subsidy euro [Dutch] In DUURZAAM LOONT worden burgers beloond voor goed gedrag: minder energie gebruiken, afvalreductie, vaker op de fiets naar het werk, etc. Ook worden ze verleid vaker milieuvriendelijk, regionaal en duurzaam te kopen. Dit wordt bereikt door hen voor de juiste keuze te belonen met punten. Door punten in het vooruitzicht te stellen staan consumenten open voor nieuwe informatie die ze gebruiken om hun keuze aan te passen, om zo de beloning niet mis te lopen. Deze punten worden gespaard en later besteed aan andere regionale en/of duurzame producten (cadeautjes). Op deze wijze bindt het regionale bedrijfsleven koopkracht en kan zichzelf zo versterken. De overheid of winkelier betaalt altijd voor de uitgekeerde punten in euro's. Daarmee zijn alle punten in omloop altijd gedekt door een tegenwaarde in euro's. Deze kostenpost komt bij de overheid uit beleidsbudget, en bij de winkelier uit het marketingbudget. Het is mogelijk dat meerdere partijen uit de keten (bijvoorbeeld retailer en merkproducent) de kosten van de punten delen. Punten kunnen altijd door de burger worden verdiend en verzilverd voor zuinige producten, isolatiematerialen, klimaatneutrale producten, regionale producten, afvalpreventie en afvalscheiding, duurzame producten en diensten, gebruik van openbaar

Analysing surface runoff and erosion responses to different land uses from the NE of Iberian Peninsula through rainfall simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Regüés, David; Arnáez, José; Badía, David; Cerdà, Artemi; Echeverría, María Teresa; Gispert, María; Lana-Renault, Noemí; Lasanta, Teodoro; León, Javier; Nadal-Romero, Estela; Pardini, Giovanni

2014-05-01

sediment transport in experimental catchments affectd by land use changes in the central Pyrenees. Journal of Hydrology 359, 245-260. Doi: 10.1016/j.hydrol.2008.04.013. García-Ruíz, J.M. and Lana-Renault, N. (2011): Hydrology and erosive consquences of farmland abandonment in Europe, with special reference to the Mediterranean region-A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 140, 317-338. Doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2011.01.003. León, J., Cerdà, A., Seeger, M., Badía, D. (2014). Applications of rainfall simulators to study areas affected by forest fires. Flamma 5 (3), 116-120. Nadal-Romero, E., Lasanta, T., Regüés, D., Lana-Renault, N., Cerdá, A. (2011). Hydrological response and sediment production under different land cover ina abandoned farmland fields ina a Mediterranean mountain environment. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 55, 303-323. Martínez Murillo, J.F., Nadal-Romero, E., Regüés, D., Cerdá, A., Poesen, J. (2013). Soil erosion and hydrology of the western Mediterranean badlands throughout rainfall simulation experiments: A review. Catena 106, 101-112. Doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.001. Pardini, G., Gispert, M, Dunjó, G. (2004): Study of soil properties distribution patterns in a rural Mediterranean area of NE Spain. Mountain Research and Development, 24 (1): 44-51. Regüés, D., Serrano-Muela, P., Nadal-Romero, E., Lana-Renault, N. (2012). Análisis de la variabilidad temporal de la infiltración en un gradiente de usos del suelo en el Pirineo central. Cuaternario y Geomorfología 26 (1-2), 9-28. Ziadat F.M. and Taimeh A.Y. (2013). Effect of rainfall intensity, slope, land use and antecedent soil moisture on soil erosion in an arid environment. Land Degradation & Development 24 (6), 582-590. Doi: 10.1002/ldr.2239.

Effects of biomass chains on land use and soil quality in the Netherlands. Development and application of a framework for testing; Effecten van biomassaketens op landgebruik en bodemkwaliteit in Nederland. Ontwikkeling en toepassing van een toetsingskader

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanegraaf, M.C.; Moolenaar, S.W.; Elbersen, H.W.; Annevelink, E. [Nutrienten Management Instituut NMI, Oosterbeek (Netherlands)

2007-03-15

toenemende bioenergievraag op wereldschaalniveau onafwendbaar. De vrees bestaat dat de stijgende vraag naar biomassa voor bio-energie leidt tot extra druk op de bodem en daarmee tot een achteruitgang van de bodemkwaliteit bij onzorgvuldig beheer. De Technische commissie bodembescherming heeft daarom een studie laten uitvoeren naar de mogelijke positieve en negatieve effecten van bio-energie op landgebruik en bodemkwaliteit in Nederland. Voor de productie van energie uit biomassa is een aantal hoofdroutes beschikbaar (elektriciteit, warmte en transportbrandstoffen). Bovendien kunnen verschillende organische stofbronnen (energiegewassen, bijproducten en geimporteerde biomassa) worden gebruikt. Uit een beschrijving van de ontwikkeling van de ketens en de bijbehorende biomassavraag blijkt dat die ontwikkeling vooral bepaald wordt door de technologische mogelijkheden en het aanbod van biomassa. In de bio-energiesector is een duurzaamheidsdiscussie gaande, die aan het thema 'bodem' beperkt aandacht besteedt. Een toetsingskader is opgesteld om de effecten van bio-energie op landgebruik en bodemkwaliteit te beoordelen. Basis voor het toetsingskader zijn een denkmodel 'duurzaamheid bio-energie' en een overzicht van bruikbare indicatoren voor bodemkwaliteit (zoals landgebruik/landschap, biodiversiteit, organische stof, nutrientenvoorziening, mineralenoverschot, bodemstructuur, bioremediatie en bodemverontreiniging). De illustratie brengt de onderzoeksvraag in beeld zoals die in deze studie is opgevat. In deze studie is de onderzoeksvraag uitgewerkt als organische stofbalans op perceels- en regionaal schaalniveau. Het gebruik van het toetsingskader is geillustreerd voor de ketens 'groene elektriciteit' en 'biotransportbrandstoffen'. Daarbij is een kwalitatieve beschouwing gegeven voor de indicatoren organische stof, mineralen en landgebruik. Uit deze eerste uitwerking van het toetsingskader is geconcludeerd dat bio-energie kansen biedt op een