An analysis of the efficiency of countermeasures intended to decrease radiation doses for population in radiologically contaminated territories.; Analiz ehffektivnosti kontrmer po snizheniyu doz oblucheniya naseleniya, prozhivayushchego na radioaktivno zagryaznennykh territoriyakh.

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Kretinin, A V; Landin, A F [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

Efficiency of decontamination measures in settlements contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl disaster (exemplified by the Kiev and Zhitomir Regions) is analyzed. Specific and total expenditures for decontamination of a single farm-stead and of a settlement on the whole are described. Estimation of a decrease in the external equivalent radiation dose of population as a result of decontamination measures undertaken is presented.

Excretion of radium in relation to dietary intake; Excretion de radium en fonction de l'ingestion alimentaire; Vydelenie radiya v zavisimosti ot priema ego s pishchej; Excrecion de radio en relacion con su absorcion con los alimentos y el agua

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Turner, R. C. [Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

1963-02-15

srednej velichiny potrebleniya radiya odnim chelovekom iz ehtikh istochnikov sredi ryada professional'nykh grupp, ravno kak sredi grupp naseleniya razlichnykh rajonov strany. Nesmotrya na shirokij interval velichin aktivnosti produktov pitaniya, srednie velichiny priema malo otlichayutsya drug ot druga u raznykh grupp, pri ehtom oni koleblyutsya mezhdu 2 i 3 mmkkyuri na cheloveka v den'. Soderkhanie radiya v pit'evoj vode v Anglii menyaetsya v diapazone koehffitsientov ot 250 do 1, no v bol'shinstve sluchaev absolyutnye urovni nastol'ko nizki po sravneniyu s urovnem v osnovnykh produktakh pitaniya, chto srednie velichiny potrebleniya radiya s vodoj sostavlyayut lish' 5 - 6% ot srednikh obshchikh kolichestv radiya, pogloshchaemogo kazhdym individuumom. Lish' v odnom rajone strany, v kotorom -prozhivaet men'she odnogo protsenta vsego naseleniya, dnevnoe potreblenie radiya s vodoj prevyshaet potreblenie ego s pishchej. Izmereniya vydelenij s isprazhneniyami v rezul'tate normal'nogo priema pishchi pokazyvaet, chto u vzroslykh molodykh lyudej srednee kolichestvo radiya-226, vydelyaemogo takim putem, sostavlyaet 2-2,5 mmkkyuri v den'. Ehta tsifra soglasuetsya s vychislennymi dannymi srednego dnevnogo priema. Issledovaniya metabolizma u lyudej pokazyvayut, chto bol'shaya chast' sutochnogo kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo s pishchej, vydelyaetsya v techenie 24 - 48 chasov, no popytki opredelit' fraktsionnoe uderzhanie radiya u vzroslykh privodyat k neodinakovym rezul'tatam. Izmereniya velichin dnevnogo priema i vydeleniya s isprazhneniyami u malen'kikh detej v techenie 33 dnej ukazyvayut na to, chto uderzhanie radiya v periody aktivnogo rosta kostej mozhet sostavlyat' do 10% ili bolee ot obshchego kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo vnutr'. (author)

Organization of measures on protection of population and territories against weapons of mass destruction: brief analysis of laboratory control and conditions of personnel protective means of respiratory organs in the Republic of Tajikistan; Organizatsiya meropriyatiy po zashite naseleniya i territoriy ot oruzhiya massovogo unichtozheniya; kratkiy analiz laborotornogo kotrolya i sostoyaniya sredstv individual'noy zashiti organov dikhaniya v Respublike Tadzhikistan

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Kamalov, D. D.; Makhmadov, T. F.; Stotskiy, D. F. [Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defence under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe (Tajikistan)

2010-07-01

Full text: Changing of character of acts of terrorism in the end of 20 and the beginning of 21 centuries specifies the increased interest of the terrorist organizations to the weapons of mass destruction. The most accessible are the biological and chemical weapons, as well as the self-made {sup d}irty{sup e}xplosive devices filled with a radioactive material. Application by terrorists of the nuclear weapon at the present is not actual. A nuclear ammunition is under the intensive control not only of the state-possessor of the nuclear weapon, but also all world community. Benefit of use of mass destruction weapons by the terrorist organizations is depended of accessibility of combat chemical or biological substances, easiness of their manufacture, a small amount of poisoning and biological substances necessary for use in the closed space, availability of influence on the big areas, psychological pressure upon the world community. The most known incidents related with use of chemical or biological substances were: - 1992 (chemical) - neo nazis attacked synagogue using cyanide, Germany - 1993 (chemical) - cyanide inside the bomb exploded in the World Trade Center, USA - 1994 (chemical) - use of sarin in Matsumoto, Japan led to the death of 8 and hospitalization of 200 people - 1995 (chemical) - again sarin used in Tokyo metro, 12 people died and 5 500 injured - 1995 (chemical) - FBI agents prevented the attack with the use of sarin of Disney land - 1995 (chemical) - attack in Japan with use of cyanide, phosgene and pepper gas - 1995 (biological) - a member of 'Aryan nation' was arrested for ordering a pestilence virus. - 1995 (radiological) - a terrorist organization of Chechnya republic placed a 14 kilo pack filled with a radioactive cesium-137 and explosives in a Moscow park - 1997 (chemical) - 2 attacks of the trading centers with a use of chlor bombs in Japan. The facts mentioned above put before the Republic of Tajikistan objectives of organization of actions for population and territory protection from mass-destruction weapon. Organization of actions on population and territory protection is caused on geographical location of Tajikistan. There is a number of some states near Tajikistan that have nuclear weapon: India, China, Pakistan. The basic actions for protection of the population and territories from weapons of mass destruction are: maintenance and accumulation of means of an individual defense, creation of stocks; creation and restoration of protective constructions of a civil defense; evacuation actions planning; restoration of system of monitoring and the laboratory control of a civil defense of Republic Tajikistan; according to the Government Regulation N 527 and dated on 31{sup st} of October, 2008 the 'Emergency situations and civil defense system development 2009-2014' Program was adopted. According to the Plan of the events within this Programme Committee of emergency situations and civil defense under the Government of Republic of Tajikistan provides a stage-by-stage realization of the actions for protection of population and territories from mass-destruction weapon. One of the important actions is provision and accumulation of the means of personal protection, keeping of this means. The means of personal protections are laboratory tested by the specialists of the Committee of emergency situations and civil defense. Analytical data of the Committee of emergency situations and civil defense allows making some conclusions concerning experienced storage of the means of personal protection. A general analysis of laboratory test indicates that: laboratory tests of filtering boxes indicate the preservation of air flow resistance and waterproof due to the adherence to the rules of keeping; laboratory tests of the front parts of the gas masks and their hardness and waterproof, and the waterproof of the valves show that the front part is dependent on meteorological character of the region of storage at long-term keeping. Conclusions: According to the experience, personal protection equipment kept due to the rules of storage can keep its technical characteristics.

Diagnosis and treatment of a local and afterwards generalized plutonium contamination; Diagnostic et traitement d'un cas d'intoxication par le plutonium local d'abord et generalise ensuite; Diagnoz i lechenie mestnogo i posledukshego generalizirovannogo porazheniya plutoniem; Diagnostico y tratamiento de una contaminacion local y luego general por plutonio

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Lafuma, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France)

1963-02-15

'yu DTRA. Posle avarii u postradavshego nemedlenno byli vzyaty dlya analiza i izmereniya aktivnosti krov', mocha i kal. Vposledstvii mocha bralas' ezhednevno. Vzyatie krovi i kala proizvodilos' v kazhdoj faze lecheniya. Rezul'taty izmerenij svidetel'stvuyut o bol'shoj ehffektivnosti DTRA pri vnutrennikh porazheniyakh plutoniem-239. Odnako predstavlyaetsya, chto protsentnoe soderzhanie v krovi plutoniya, kotoryj udalyaetsya pochkami, menyaetsya v zavisimosti ot vremeni. Ehtot protsentnyj pokazatel' vozrastaet, pokazyvaya tem samym, chto plutonij nakhoditsya v krovi v razlichnykh ionnykh i kolloidal'nykh formakh, kotorye udalyayutsya pochkami s razlichnoj skorost'yu. Poehtomu sozdaetsya vpechatlenie, chto aktivnost' mochi ne yavlyaetsya vernym priznakom vnutrennego zagryazneniya. (author)